COSMOGRAPHIE in foure Bookes Contayning the CHOROGRAPHIE HISTORIE of the whole WORLD and all the Principall Kingdomes Provinces Seas and Isles Thereof By Peter Heylyn Virgil Aeneid 1 Quae regio in terris nostri non plena Laboris LONDON Printed for Henry Seile ouer against S t Dunstans Church in Fleet-streete 1652. יהוה Dixit et factum est Spiritus DnÌ„i ferebatur super aqua⸫ Europe Africa Asia America Europe Africa Asia America COSMOGRAPHIE In Four Bookes CONTAINING THE CHOROGRAPHIE AND HISTORIE Of the whole VVORLD And all the principall Kingdomes Provinces Seas and Isles thereof By PETER HEYLYN Acts 17. 24. 26. Deus qui fecit mundum omnia quae in eo sunt fecit ex uno omne genus hominum inhabitare super universam faciem terrae definiens tempora terminos habitationis eorum Plin. in Proem l. 7. MVNDVS in eo Terra Gentes Maria Insulae insignes Vrbes ad hunc modum se habent LONDON Printed for Henry Seile and are to be sold at his Shop over against Saint Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet MDCLII TO THE READER The Author rendreth this Account of his Vndertaking and Performance in the following Work IT is a great complaint with many that they want time either to undertake great matters or to accomplish those they have undertaken Whereas it is more truly affirmed by Seneca that we do not so much want as wast it Non parum temporis habemus sed multum perdimus as that Author hath it We trifle out too much of our precious time as he well observeth Aut malè agendo aut nihil agendo aut aliud agendo either in doing ill or nothing or else things impertinent and then cry out that we want time convenient to perform those duties which are expected from us in our severall places Nor have we onely time enough to spend but some time to spare some privacies and retreats from business some breathing fits from the affairs of our Vocations and even of them those times of leisure and recess we are to render an Accompt in Cato's judgement Otii reddendam rationem judicabat Cato as we read in Tullie In which Accompt as all men generally are concerned so am I interessed therein as much as any For being by the unhappiness of my Destinie or the infelicity of the times deprived of my Preferments and devested of my Ministeriall Function as to the ordinary and publique exercise thereof I cannot choose but say I have leisure enough the opportunity of spending more idle hours if I were so minded than I ever expected or desired And though perhaps I could have spent those times of leisure which the change of my affairs hath given me with greater benefit to my self and more to the advantage of my private fortunes yet that of Cato did so over-ballance me that I was willing to do somewhat which might witness to insuing times how I had passed away those hours and imployed that leisure And when I was considering of some particulars within the compass of my power and answerable to that small stock of Books which I had recruited mine own being taken from me and disposed of contrary unto publick Order I was requested by some friends of no common quality to review my Geographie to make it more complete and usefull to an English Reader My vacancy from business used by them as an Argument to induce me to it A motion looked on when first made with neglect enough my desuetude from those younger Studies my great want of Books the sad complexion of the times and the unhandsom entertainment which my endeavours for the publick had lately met with seeming sufficient to disswade me from the undertaking Little encouragement God wot to write Books for others when I could not be permitted to enjoy my own or to imploy my self in order to a publick service when not alone my private fortunes but the publick Patrimony of the Church was destroyed and dissipated But afterwards being pressed unto it by some Members of Parliament whom I found loath to be denied and by some others of great rank but such different Interesses that I wondred how they could all center upon the same Proposall I thought it at the last a more Christian dutie to satisfie the honest desires of so many men than to sacrifise any longer to my own privacy and retiredness to which I had intended to devote my self So I resolved to venâ—ure on it though wâ—ll I saw that my condition in so doing might be resembled unto that of the Israelites in the Land of Egypt of whom the Task-masters did expect the full tale of Bricks and yet denyed them their accustomed allowance of Straw and Stubble My â—ase in this not much unlike to that of the Duke of Alva who being under the displeasure of the King of Spain in quality of a Prisoner without the least assurance of recovering the Kings favour or his own liberty and yet imployed in that Conjuncture for the conquest of Portugal was wont to say That he was sent to conquer Kingdoms with his Fetters on And here I cannot but remember a pretty accident which besell me in the moneth of January An. 1640. at what time it had been my ill fortune to suffer under some misapprehensions which had been entertain'd against me and to be brought before the Committee for the Courts of Justice on the complaint of M. Prynne then newly return'd from his confinement and in great credit with the Vulgar Heard by them I confess I was with a great deal of ingenuous patience but most despitefully reviled and persecuted with excessive both noise and violence by such as thronged about the doors of that Committee to expect the â—ssue it being as naturall to many weak and inconsiderate men as it is to Dogs to bark at those they do not know and to accompany each other in those kinds of clamors And though I had the happiâ—ess to come off clear without any censure and to recover by degrees amongst knowing men that estimation which before had been much endangered yet such as took up matters upon trust and Hear-say looked on me as a person forfeited and marked out for ruin Amongst others I was then incountred in my passage from Westminster to Whitehall by a tall big Gentleman who thrusting me rudely from the wall and looking over his shoulder on me in a scornfull manner said in an hoarse voyce these wordâ— Geographie is better than Divinitie and so passed along Whether his meaning were that I was a better Geographer than Divâ—ne or that Geographie had been a Study of more credit and advantage to me in the eyes of men than Divinitie was like to prove I am not able to determine But sure I am I have since thought very often of it and that the thought thereof had its influence on me in drawing me to look back on those younger stuaiâ—â— in which I was resolved to have dealt no more and thereto in the
Preface to my Microcosm had obliged my self And it is possible enough that in respect of that generall promise I may lie under the censure of incâ—nstancy and breach of Covenant in that I had solemnly declared in the aforesaid Preface that the Reader should not fear any further inlargements which might make him repent his then present Markets that it had received my last hand and that from thenceforth I would look upon it as a Stranger onely But it was meant withall and expressed accordingly unless it wâ—re for the amending of such Errors of which by the strength of mine own judgement or any ingenuous information I should be convicted Anâ— Errors I must needs say I have found so many on this last perusall and those not onely verball but materiall too as did not onely free me from that Obligation but did oblige me to a further Review thereof For being written in an age on which the pride of youth and self-opinion might have some predominancies I thought it freer from mistakes than I since have found it And those mistakes by running thorough eight Editions six of them without my perusall or super-vising so increased and multiplied that I could no longer call it mine or look upon it with any tolerable degree of patience So that in case the importunity of friends had not inforced me in a manner upon this Employment the necessity of consulting my own fame and leaving the Work faâ—r behind me to succeeding times would have perswaded me in the end to doe somewhat in it Which though the last was not the least of those inducements which inclined me to the undertaking of this present Work Having thus plainly and ingenuously laid down the reasons which did induce though not incourage me unto this performance It is now fit I should declare what I have done in it and what the Reader may expect from so great inlargements And first the Reader is to know that my design originally was onely to look over the former Book to give it a Review to purge it of the Errors which it had contracted and not so much â—o make a new Book as correct the old But when I had more seriously considered of it 〈◊〉 found sufficient reason to change that purpose to make it new both in form and matter 〈◊〉 to present it to the world with all those advantages which a new Book might carry with â—t The greater pains I took about it the greater I conceived would the benefit be which might from thence redound to those who should please to read it And I would willingly so fain comply with all expectations that the short Taper of my life should give light to others in the consuming of it self Non nobis solum nati sumus may well become a Christians mouth though an Heathen spake it But if all expectations be not satisfied in the completeness of the work as I fear they will not I desire it may not be ascribed unto any neglect or fault of mine but to the wants and difficulties which I was to struggle with Books I had few to help my self with of mine own nor live I neer so rich a Clergie most of the Benefices of these parts being poor and mean as to supply my self from them with such commodities The greatest helps I had was from Oxford-Librarie which though but nine or ten miles off from my present dwelling yet the charge and trouble of the journey with the loss of time made my visits to that place less frequent and consequently the Neighbourhood thereof less usefull to me than the generality of the design might well comport with So that when all things are considered as they ought to be it rather may be wondred at by an equall Reader how I could come to write so much with so little helps upon a subject of such a large and diffused variety than that in any part thereof I have writ too little And to say truth the work so prospered in my hand and swelled so much above my thought and expectation that I hope I may with modesty enough use those words of Jacob Voluntas Dei fuit ut citò occurreret mihi quod volebam The Lord God brought it to me as the English reads it In the pursuance of this Work as I have taken on my self the parts of an Historian and Geographer so have I not forgotten that I an English-man and which is somewhat more a Church-man As an English-man I have been mindfull upon all occasions to commit to memory the noble actions of my Countrey exployted both by Sea and Land in most parts of the World and represented on the same Theaters upon which they were acted And herein I have followed the example of the great Annalist Baronius Who pretending in that learned and laborious Work a sincere History of the Church and no more than so yet tells the Pope in his Epistle that he principally did intend the same Pro Sacrarum Traditionum Antiquitate Autoritate Romanae Ecclesiae to manifest therein the Antiquity of such Traditions and for defence of that Authority and Power which at this day are taught and exercised in the Church of Kome And so much I may also say of my self in this performance though without any by-design to abuse the Reader that though the Historie and Chorogrophie of the World he my principall business yet I have apprehended every modest occasion of recording the heroick Acts of my native Soil and filing on the Registers of perpetuall Fame the Gallantrie and brave Atchievements of the People of England Exemplified in their many victories and signall services in Italie France Spain Scotland Belgium in Palestine Cyprus Africk and America and indeed where not Nor have I pretermitted their great zeal and piety in converting to the Faith so many of the German and Northern Nations Franconians Thuringians Hassians Saxons Danes Frisons as also amongst the Scots and Picts together with those of Lituania and the people of Norwey by that means more inlarging Christs Kingdom than they did their own And as I have been zealous to record the Actions so have I been as carefull to assert the Rights of the English Nation inherent personally in their Kings by way of publick interess in the Subject also as the whole body doth partake of that sense and motion which is originally in the Head And of this kinde I reckon the true stating of the Title of the Kings of England to the Crown of France demonstrating the Vassallage of the Kingdom of Scotland to the Crown of England vouching the legal Interess of the English Nation in Right of the first Discovery or Primier Seisin to Estotiland Terra Corterialis New-found-Land Novum Belgium Guiana the Countries neer the Cape of good Hope and some other places against all Pretenders insinuating the precedency of the English Kings before those of Spain their Soveraignty and Dominion in the British Ocean with the great benefit which might from thence arise unto
very earnestly intreat me to lead the way till I had brought him past the Woods to the open Fields Which when I had refused to do as I had good reason alleging that I never had been there before and therefore that I could not tell which way to lead him That 's strange said he I have heard my old Master your Father say that you made a Book of all the World and canâ—ot you finde your way out of the Wood Which being spoken out of an honest simplicity not out of any pretence to wit or the least thought of putting a blunt jest upon me occasioned a great deal of merriment for a long time but I hope to meet with no such Readers The greatness of the bulk and consequently of the price makes me somewhat confident that none but men of judgement and understanding will peruse these Papers and such as they will look for no more particulars than the nature of a generall Discourse will fitly bear Perfection and exactness is to be expected in each kind of Science as is observed by Aristotle in the 2 d Book of his Ethicks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as far forth as the condition of the Argument may be capable of it And so much if I have attained unto it is all which can with reason be expected from me To look foâ— more were as improper and absurd in the words of Aristotle as for an Artist to expect Tropes of Rhetorick from a Mathematician or Demonstrations from an Orator Lastly as an Historian I have traced the affairs of each severall Countrey from the first Inhabitants thereof such as the Latines call Aborigines and the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 till these later times Which that I might be sure to do on a good foundation I have took more than common care to settle all the first Adventurers after the proud attempt at Babel in their right Plantations and that too in the way of an Introduction that I might the better know where I was to finde them and to go on with their affairs with the less disturbance The rest of their Occurrences I have summed into so short an Abstract as may be usefull to the learned in the way of a Remembrancer to the less knowing man in the way of a Tutor Brevity in this kinde I have much indeavoured but so as to avoid all obscurity also Nor have I only kept my self to the Storie of Kingdoms or of the greater Signiâ—uries Estates or Nations which are or have been of the greatest consideration in the sway of the world but looked on the Estates of such Dukes Earls and inferiour Princes as in their times have had the Government of those parts which gave Title to them whose actions and successions are distinctly specified and all such alterations noted as have hapned either in the ruin of such Estates or the translating of them from one House to anothâ—r The Catalogues and Successions of which royall and illustrious Families I have drawn down unto the yeer 1648. towards the expiring of which yeer I began to set my self upon this Imployment And there I fix as on the top of some dreadfull Precipice which one can neither venture down without danger nor look down without horror Some things there are of such a nature that either to speak of them or to hold our peace is alike unsafe In such a case it is best keeping at a distance For though Truth be the best Mistress which a man can serve Magis amica Veritas said the great Philosopher yet it is well observed withall that if a man follow her too close at the heels she may chance to kick out his teeth for his labour In this regard as also out of that compassionate affection which a true Englishman ought to bear his native Country although in my approaches towards these present times I have took notice in some other places of such battells sieges and successes in the chances of War as have hapned in these later dayes I have sorborn to take the least notice of those Tragedies of blood aud death which have been lately acted on the Stage of England I cannot but with grief confess that I might find variety of this kind enough in the late Wars amongst our selves in which there have been more pitched fields more strong pieces taken more notable traverses of State and exploits of war than all the world can parallel in an equall time But I have too much English bowels to please my self in the recitall or to look back on those unfortunate adventures which I should rather choose to cover with the Act of Oblivion or bury in the grave of perpetuall silence How gladly I could have recorded these exploits of war had they been exercised on a subject more proper for them my willingness to take notice upon all occasions of the actions and achievements of the English Nation will bear witness for me But the imploying of that valor against our selves as if not to be conquered but by one another strikes such horror in me that I cannot think thereof without much afrightment nor intimate thus much of it without great reluctancies I fear it may be said too truly of our late imbroilments as the Historian of the Civill Wars betwixt Caesar and Pompey Causa hujus Belli eadem quae omnium nimia felicitas that they were principally occasioned by a surfet of too much felicity But if we were grown weary of our own prosperities and that that prayer passage in the publick Liturgie Give peace in our time O Lord did not relish with us how happy had it been if we had found some other field to have tried our valour inâ— and made some forein Country that Aceldama which so fatally was made at home The dishonor which we suffered in the Isle of Re when beat thence ingloriously by the French the forcible and long detention of the Palatinate by the power of the Spaniard the barbarous butchery at Amboyna and the beating up of the Spanish Fleet within the protection of our Casiles by those of Holland the insolencies of the Scots and the rebellions of the Irish might well have stirred some indignation in an English brest And had we fought upon those scores or on none but them our victories had deserved the honor of a solemn triumph denied by the old Roman Laws to a Civill War But our infelicity as it seems was like that of Rome in following those unnaturall wars with such animosities when the unrevenged death of Craâ—â—is the blood of so many thousand of their slaughtered Citizens and the shamefull lâ—ss of so many of the Roman Ensigns should rather have invited them to the conquest of the Parthian Empire Of which thus feelingly the Poet Cumque superba foret Babylon spolianda Trophaeis Bella geri placuit nullos habit ura Triumphos And when proud Babylon should have been constrain'd To give us back our Ensigns lately gain'd We rather chose such Quarrells to
pursue For which no Triumph could be justly due But such is the condition and vicissitude of humane affairs that there is nothing permanent and much less of certainty The greatest Monarchies of the world the Babylonian Persian Grecian Roman have all had their periods nothing remaining of them now but the name and memory And what is now become of those mighty Cities of the East Ninive Babylon Ecbatana Susa with the rest mentioned in the Scriptures and in Classical Authors are not their very ruins now become invisible Where are the puissant Families of the Achaemenides of Persia the Seleucidae of Syria the Pharaohs and Ptolomies of Egypt the Caesars of Italy the Merovingians and Carolovingians of the Realm of France the Plantagenets of England are they not all extinct gone not to be found but by the benefit of story and some antient monuments And if it be so as it is with the greatest Monarchies the most mighty Cities of the world we must not think that smaller Kingdoms Estates can either be so evenly ballanced or so surely founded as not to be obnoxious also to the same vicissitudes And being that saying of Optatus is most undoubtedly true Ecclesia est in Republica that the Church is but a part of the Common-wealth we must not hope to finde it in a better posture than the Ciuill State in which it is and under the protection whereof it subsists and flourisheth The Church must needs miscarry in the ruin of the Civill State and may miscarry many times although the Civill State receive no such alterations Compared for this reason to the Moon by the antient Fathers who had observed her in her Prime in her Increases and her Full and finally had not only seen her in the Wane also but sometimes too under some horrible Ecclipses Which various condition of the Militant Church the Scriptures and succeeding Stories have set forth so fully that there need no better nor no clearer demonstrations of it The Ark of God taken by the Philistins the Temple destroyed by the Chaldaeans and prophaned by the Syrians the Apostacy of ten Tribes at once from the Law of their God and the extermination of the other two in a short time after abundantly declare the frail condition and estate of the Jewish Church And finde we not the same for the Christian also in the removing of the Candlestick from the Asian Churches and making them together with those of Greece and Egypt and all the flourishing Churches in the East and South to languish and decay remedilesly under the merciless incroachments of the Turks and Saracens He must be more than blind that sees not more savage than those merciless men that grieves not at their sad condition but a dead member at the most of Christs mysticall Body who feels not in himself the sufferings of those wretched Christians If now we look into the causes of that desolation which hath hapned in the Civill State of those mighty Empires to what can we impute it but their crying sins the pride of the Babylonians the effeminacy of the Persians the luxury of the Greeks and such an aggregation of vices amongst the Romans or Western Christians before the breaking in of the barbarous Nations that they were grown a scandall unto Christianity In nobis patitur Christus opprobrium in nobis patitur lex Christiana maledictum as the devout Salvian then complained Thus also in reference to the Church did not the Idolatries of the ten Tribes hasten in the Assyrians the shedding of the blood of so many Prophets by the other two as much accelerate the coming in of the Chaldaeans first and the Romans afterwards Do we not find the Arianism of the Eastern Churches to usher in the inundation of the Saracens the Donatism of the South to have set open a wide Door to let in the Vandals Did not the Saxons follow on the heels of Pelagianism as soon almost as entertained amongst the Britains If so as most undoubtedly it was in the dayes of old why should we think but that the Superstitions and Corruptions of the Church of Rome the sacrilege and faction of the Churches of the Reformation shall at the last receive the like Retribution Or that the Divine Justice is so fast asleep that our sins must cry as loud as the Priests of Baal did unto their God before it be awakened by us Assuredly we are no less sinners than any of those on whom the Tower of the Divine vengeance hath so heavily fallen whose blood the Pilates of all Ages have mingled with their solemn and religious sacrifices and therefore have no cause to hope but that unless we do repent we shall likewise perish The serious consideration of all these particulars hath made those alterations both in Church and State which have hapned here amongst our selves the less strange unto me For is there any of those things whereof it may be said Ecce hoc est novum Behold this is new Eccl. 1. 10. Have they not been already in the times before us Do we not finde it positively affirmed by the wisest man that ever was That which hath been is now and that which is to be hath already been Nihil enim novum est sub sole for there is no new thing under the Sun Eccl. 3. 15. 1. 11. And though I cannot tell what effect the reading of this following Book may produce in others yet I can warrantably say thus much of my self that the observation of the fall of so many great and puissant Empires the extirpation of so many mighty and renowned Families the desolation of so many flourishing Christian Churches as the composing of this Book did present me with though formerly no strangers to me in the course of my Studies did more conduce to the full humbling of my soul under the mighty hand of God than either the sense of my misfortune or any other morall consideration which had come before me And I could wish the Reader may receive so much benefit by it besides the profit and delight which Books of this nature carry with them that the mighty man may learn hereby not to glory in his great strength nor the wise to glory in his wisdoom or in the cunning carrying on of his great designs Let the great Leaders of these times in the Art of War consider the sad ends of Joab the Generall of David and of Belisarius the Commander of Justinians Armies whereof the one was slain ingloriously at the Horns of the Altar after all his services the other forced to beg his bread at the Gates of the Temple Let the great Masters of Wit and State-craft have before their eyes the unsuccesfull ends of Achitopel the Oracle of the times be lived in and of Caesar Borgias proposed by Machiavel for the Pattern of a Politick Prince of which the one laid violent hands upon himself because his Counsell was not followed the other after the defailment of all
in its true Criginall he rather chose to grant the world to be eternall than to be made of such ridiculous and unsound though eternall Atoms Et maluit hanc pulobram mundi faciem ab aeterno esse quam aliquando ex aeterna deformitate emersisse Valesius in his Book de Sacra Philosophia so pleads the case in his behalf and I thank him for it who am I must confess a great friend of Aristotles whom some account for the â—recursor of our Saviour Christ in rebus naturalibus as John the Baptist was in divinis Nor doth the Scripture and the light of Reason tell us onely this that the whole world had a beginning but by the help of Scripture and the workes of some learned men we are able to point out the time when it did begin or to compute how many years it is precisely from the first beginning without any notable difference in the calculation For though it be most truly said citius inter Horologias quam Chronologias that Clocks may sooner be agreed then Chronologers yet most Chronologers in this point come so neer one another that the difference is scarce observable From the beginning of the world to the Birth of Christ in the accompt of Beroaldus are 3928. yeers 3945. in the computation of the Genevians 3960. in the esteem of Luther and 3963. in the calculation of Melanchthon between whom and Beroaldus being the least and the greatest there is but 35. years difference which in so long a course of time can be no great matter Now if unto the calculation made by Beroaldus which I conceive to be the truest we add 1648. since the Birth of Christ the totall of the time since the worlds creation will be 5576. yeers neither more nor less A thing which I the rather have insisted on because that from this Epoche or Aera of the Worlds creation we shall compute the times of such Kings and Princes as reigned and flourished in the world before the Incarnation of our Lord and Saviour It being then resolved as a thing undoubted that God made the World and that he made it in such time as himself best pleased let us next look upon the matter and the method which it pleased the Divine Majesty to make use of in this wondrous work First for the matter out of which all things were created I take it as before was said to be that which Moses in the first words of Genesis calls the Heaven and the Earth because they were so in potentia but after telleth us more explicitely that that which he calleth Earth was inanis et vacua without form and void and that which he called Heaven was but an overcast of darkness or tenebrae super faciem Abyssi as the vulgar reads it Of which Chaos or confused Mass we thus read in Ovid who questionless had herein consulted with the works of Moses being before his time communicated to the learned Gentiles Ante mare terras quod tegit omnia Coelum Vnus erat toto naturae vultus in Orbe Quem dixere Chaos rudis indigestaque moles Nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem Non benc junctarum discordia semina rerum c. Which I shall English from G. Sandys with some little change Before the Earth the Sea and Heaven were framed One face had nature which they Chaos named An indigested lump a barren load Where jarring seeds of things ill-joyn'd abode No Sun as yet with light the world adorns Nor new Moon had repair'd her waining horns Nor hung the self-poiz'd Earth in thin Air plac'd Nor had the Ocean the vast Shores imbrac'd Earth Sea and Ayr all mixt the Earth unstable The Air was dark the Sea unnavigable No certain form to any one assign'd This that resists For in one body joyn'd The cold and hot the dry and humid fight The soft and hard the heavy with the light Out of this Chaos or first matter did God raise the world according to those severall patts and lineaments which we see it in not as out of any pre-existent matter which was made before and had not God for the Author or first Maker of it but as the first preparatory matter which himself had made including in the same potentially both the form and matter of the whole Creation except the soul of man onely which God breathed into him And therefore it is truly said that God made all things out of nothing not out of nothing as the matter out of which it was made for then that nothing must be something but as the terminus à quo in giving them a reall and corporall being which before they had not and did then first begin to have by the meer force and efficacy of his powerfull Word And though it be a Maxim in the Schools of Philosophie Ex nihilo nil fit that nothing can be made of nothing that every thing which hath a being doth require some matter which must be pre-existent to it yet this must either be condemned for erroneous Doctrine in the Chair of Divinity or else be limited and restrained to Naturall agents which cannot go beyond the sphere of their own activity Invisible and supernaturall Agents are not tied to Rules no not in the production of the works of Nature though Nature constituted and established in a certain course work every thing by line and measure as a certain Rule And so it was with God in the Worlds Creation he did not only make the world but he made it out of nothing by his Word alone Dixit et facta sunt he spake the word and they were made saith the royal Psalmist Ps 33. v. 9. There went no greater pains nor matter to the whole Creation but a Dixit Deus And this not only said by Moses but by David too Verbo Domini firmati sunt Coeli spiritu Oris ejus omnis virtus eorum v. 6. i.e. by the Word of the Lord were the heavens made and all the Hosts thereof by the breath of his mouth In which it is to be observed that though the Creation of the World be generally ascribed to God the Father yet both the Son and the Holy Ghost had their parts therein Verbo Domini by the Word of the Lord were the Heavens made saith the Prophet David In the beginning was the Word all things were made by him and without him was nothing made saith S. Iohn the Apostle The Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters saith Moses in the Book of the Law Et spiritu oris eius and by the breath or Spirit of his mouth were all the Hosts of Heaven created saith David in the Book of Psalms Made by his Word and yet not made together in one instant of time In the first day he laid the foundation and no more in the five next he raised the building and this he did to teach us men deliberation in our words and actions and to
first-born who in all probabilitie gave name to the Town called Phalga situate on the River Euphrates not far from Seleucia Mention whereof is made by Stephanus in his Book de Urbibus and by Ptolomie in his Geography where it is placed right on the banks of Euphrates where the River Chaboras mingles waters with it but there corruptly called Pharga instead of Phalga But the great increase of Sems posteritie came by Jocktan the second Son of Eber the Father of no fewer than thirteen Sons whose names are on record in the tenth of Genesis where it is said that their dwelling was from Mesha as thou goest to Sephar a Mount in the East And here I must crave leave to differ from Bochartus who hath thronged Jocktan and his Sons into a little corner of Arabia Felix where I can find no room for them and less reason to place them For being that Chus the son of Cham and the Chiefs of his posteritie eight in number were planted in Arabia as himself confesseth it must needs be that they had spread themselves over all the Country before any of the sons of Jocktan were of age sufficient to be the Fathers of Families and lead Colonies thither Jocktan is credibly supposed not to have been born when such of Noahs posteritie as are mentioned Gen. 10. dispersed themselves into new Plantations but iâ— is evident from the Text that none of his children were then born if their Father were And this Bochartus doh acknowledge in two severall places First granting that neither Phaleg nor Jocktan were present at the building of Babel multo minus Jocktanis filii post aliquoâ— annos geniti much less the Sonnes of Joktan begot many yeares after Lib. 1. cap. 16. And Secondly affirming that Jocktan and his children came not within the curse of Confounded Languages quia nondum erant geniti because then unborn Cap. 15. Hereupon I conclude it to be very improbable that Jocktan and his children should find room in the best parts of Arabia Felix which Chus and his posteritie had inhabited so long before And as it is improbable that the Sons of Chus would plant themselves in the worst part of the Country for so many Ages and leave the best and richest of it for some new Adventurers So it is impossible that the Sons of Jocktan should either be removed so far from the rest of the house of Arphaxad who were all planted on the East of the River Tigris as was before shewed or that they should be able had they been so minded to break thorough the whole Countries of the Assyrians Chusites and other Nations to come unto the utmost corners of Arabia Felix He that believes they did or could must have a stronger Faith than mine but it shall never conduce any thing to his justification Nor am I moved at all with that which seems to me to be his weightiest Argument namely that the Arabians particularly Joseph Ben Abdallatif and Mahomet Ben Jacob two of their chief Writers affirm that Jocktan was the Founder of their Tongue and Nation no more than I am woved to think that the Saracens are derived from Sara the Wife and not from Hagar the Concubine and servant of Abraham because that people so report it for their greater glory And for the severall Nations of Arabia Felix whose original he ascribes to the sons of Jocktan I see so many transpositions of Syllables alterations even of Radicall Letters such and so many wrested Originations as by the like libertie of making quidlibet ex quolibet it were no difficult matter to find place for them in any Country whatsoever For how extorted and unnaturall are the derivations of the Allumaeotae from Almodad of the Manitae from Abimail of the Jobaritae from Jobab How impossible is it that Jarach should give name to the Isle which Prolomie calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Insula Ieracum or Accipitrum as the Latin hath it that is to say the Isle of Hawks from the abundance of Hawks which are therein bred There being another Island of the same name neer unto Sardinia so called for the self same reason and a Town called Ierax in Hammoniaca a Region of Egypt to which Jarach might as well lay claim if that would carry it as to this Ieracum or Accipitrum in the Gulf of Arabia How improbable that Ophir should give name to Urphire a poor Isle of the Red Sea Obal to Sinus Avalites in Aethiopia on the other side of that Gulf Or that Dicla must be fixed in Arabia for no other reason but because the word signifieth a Palm-tree of which that Country yeelds good plenty as if some other Countries did not yeeld as much These and some other reasons hereafter following have made me bold to differ from that learned man in this particular whose industry and abilities I do otherwise honour and rather to look for Joktan and his sonnes in the East part of the World where the Scriptures place them than in the South with reference to the Wilderness or land of Madian in one of which the Book of Genesis was witten where Bochartus placeth them Yet so far I must yeeld to that learned man that some of the Descendants of Joktan in long tract of time moved with the rarities of the place might come from India and plant themselves upon the Sea-coasts of Arabia Felix as the Arabians at this day moved with the wealth and trade of India have possessed themselves of many of the Ports and peeces on the shores thereof Now the Text telleth us of the Sonnes of Joktan that their dwelling was from Mesha as thou goest to Sephar a Mount of the East so that by these two boundaries Mesha and Sephar their habitation must be found I know Bochartus wonld have Mesha to be Musa a noted Porâ—-Town on the South-West of Arabia Felix and Sephar to be the Citie of Saphar in the South-East of that Country that Citie giving name to some Mount adjoyning But being they both lie directly South of the place in which Moses wrote I cannot see how this position can agree with the word of Scripture and therefore we must look for both in some other place And first to find out Mesha we need go no further than Bochartus himself who maketh Mesh the last of the Sonnes of Aram the Sonne of Sem according to the generall opinion of most Writers else to be planted in the mountainous tracts of Mesopotamia from him called Mons Masius more of which before And then for Sephar which the Text calleth a Mount of the East if it be the Southern part of Mount Imaus by Ptolomy named Bitigo by the Moderns Gates extending from Mount Caucasus to the Cape Comari in the hither India as Postellus a right learned man doth conceive it to be We have without more difficulty found out the dwellings of the sonnes of Jocktan according to the bounds laid down in Holy Scripture But for fear this may not satisfie for
a more particular Enemy The English are enemies to the French the Scots to the English the Portugueze have the like inveterate hatred against the Spaniards The Princes of Italy enjoy great possessions without any good title but are continually opposed by the more potent Cities of Venice Florence Genoa and Luca. The Arragonian Kings of Naples have found perpetuall Enemies of the Dukes of Anjou as have the Dukes of Millain of the house of Orleans The Princes of Italy and the Florentines have a stich at Venice as the States of Genoa and Sienna have against the Florentines In Germany the Animosities have been great and of long continuance between the houses of Austria and Bavaria the hatred grown beyond all hopes of reconciliation which is between the Switzers and the Austrian Family The Dukes of Cleve and Gulick are alwaies upon ill terms with their neighbours of Gelderland And in the North the Cities on the Baltick Seas have their continuall quarrels with the Kings of Danemark Nor are the enmities any thing less if they be not greater which are discernable amongst the people of Asia and Africk than those that are above remembred So far and to this purpose saith that notable and judicious Writer The consideration of which points if there were no other were of it self sufficient to shew the necessary use of History and Geography as well for the understanding the affairs of the Ages past as for commerce and correspondency with the Nations present For had no Histories been written in the former times in what a dull ignorance had we lived of all those occurrences which do so much concern the whole state of Mankind and are our principall directors in life and action in which respect the Orator most truly calleth it Magistram vitae For upon the credit of this History the examples of our Ancestors the grounds of civill prudence and the fames of men do most especially depend And certainly to draw back the mind to the contemplation of matters long ago passed to search out with diligence and to deliver with faith freedom and the life of expression such things as are found out on a diligent search to repreâ—â—nt unto our eyes the changes of Times the characters of Persons the uncertainties of Counâ—â—â—◠〈…〉 Pretentions and the secrets of States 〈…〉 of a publicâ—â— use 〈…〉 great both pains and judgement Besides 〈…〉 eternitie to all such men who by their Counsels or Atchievements have de 〈◊〉 〈…〉 those Kingdoms and Common-wealths wherein they lived And thereupon the Orator doth not only call it Magistram vitae but Lucem veritatis Testem temporâ—s Nunciam 〈◊〉 Vitae memoriam According to which character I find these Verses set before a Châ—oniâ—â—â— of some Kings of England more worth than all the Book besides For though in these daies Miracles be fled Yet this shall of good Histories be sed They call back time that 's past and give life to the dead Nor want there other motives to indear unto us the use of History besides the light it give unto all the remarkable Actions of preceding times and the eternitie if I may say so which it conferreth on the Actors themselves by the preservation of their names from the ruins of Time and the pit of Oblivion For First it stirreth men to Vertue and deters them from Vice by shewing forth the glorious memories of vertuous men and the ill savour which is left behind men of ungodly life and especially keeps persons of most eminent place from letting loose the reins unto all licentiousness by representing this to their consideration that all their actions shall be laid open one day to the view of the Vulgar Secondly it hath been a principall Conserver of most Arts and Sciences by keeping on Record the Dictates and Opinions of so many of the old Philosophers out of which a perfect Body of Philosophy and others of the Liberall Arts hath been collected and digested Thirdly it is the best School-master in the Art of War and teacher of Stratagems and in that can practically afford more punctuall directions than can be otherwise obtained and is withall the best Assistant to the Statesman or Politician who from hence draw their Observations and Conclusions and become thereby serviceable to their Prince and Country though never travelled more than amongst their Books So Archimedes in his study and Demosthenes in his Orators gown endangered more the enemies of their severall Countries than the Athenians or Syracusans did by dint of sword And last of all besides these civill benefits and considerations and the great help which it affords in the way of discourse there is no particular branch of knowledge more usefull for the true and perfect understanding of holy Scripture than that of Ecclesiasticall and Profane History or which gives clearer light to many dark passages thereof especially in the Propheticall writings of either Testament This as it shews the necessary use and benefit which redounds from History so doth it serve to usher in that commendation which belongs to the study of Geography also without some knowledge wherein the study of History is neither so pleasant nor so profitable as a judicious Reader would desire to have it 'T is true Geography without History hath life and motion but very unstable and at random but History without Geography like a dead carkass hath neither life nor motion at all or moves at least but slowly on the understanding For what delight or satisfaction can any man receive from the reading of Story without he know somewhat of the places and the conditions of the people which are therein mentioned In which regard Ammianus Marcellinus the Historian hath deserved very well of all his Readers premising to the Actions of every Country some brief description of the place and chief Towns therein For though the greatness of the Action doth ennoble and adorn the place yet it is the knowledge of the place which addes delight and satisfaction unto the reading of the story which conveighs it to us History therefore and Geography like the two Fires or Meteors which Philosophers do Castor and Pollux if joyned together crown our reading with delight and profit if parted threaten both with a certain shipwrack and are like two Sisters dearly loving not without pitie I had almost said impiety to be kept asunder So as that which Sr. Phil. Sidney said of Argalus and Parthenia Her being was in him alone And she not being he was none may be as justly said of History and Geography as of those two Lovers And yet this is not all the benefit which redounds from the study of Geography which is exceeding usefull to the reading of the holy Scriptures as in discovering the situation of Paradise the bounds and borderâ— of those Countries which are therein mentioued especially wâ—th relation to the travels of the Patriarchs Prophets Evangelists and Apostles yea of Christ himself not otherwise to be comprehended and understood but by the help
treble use First that out of them drink may be afforded to man and beast Secondly that running thorough the earth as blood thorough the body by interlacing it and sometimes overwhelming it it might make the Earth able to produce those fruits which are necessary for the life of man The last use of Rivers is easiness and speediness of conduct and hereto are required four conditions First the depth because deep waters sustain the bigger burdens and on them navigation is more safe Secondly pleasantness whereby the passage is easie both with the stream and against it whereas in Rivers of a violent current or such as fall down by great locks or Cataracts the sayling or rowing up the water is as dangerous as laborious Thirdly the thickness of the water for by how much the more slimie and gross a water is by so much can it carry the heavier burdens So Tiber a River of more fame than depth or bredth is better for navigation by reason of its fatness than the pure and thin waters of the large and excellent River Niliu Fourthly the broadness of the channell that ships and other vessells may conveniently wind and turn and give way to each other Some of the old Philosophers reputed this conduct so dangerous that one of them being asked whether he thought the living or the dead were the greater number would not declare himself because he knew not in which rank to place such as were at Sea And Cato Major thought that men never committed greater folly in their lives than in venturing to go by water when they might have gone by land I am none of that Sect yet I cannot but hold with him that said Dulcissima est ambulatio prope aquas navigatio juxta terram The chief Rivers of Europe are Danubius and the Rhene of Africa Nilus and Niger of Asia Ganges and Euphrates of America Orenoque and Maragnan Of which and others more in its proper place Thus have we gone over these particulars both of Earth and Water which are considerable in Geographie and come within the compass of those Annexaries of each which Ptolomy calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And having so done may discover where the difference lieth between Geographie and Chorographie which to some men not rightly looking into the nature of both seem to be the same For howsoever a Chorographer doth describe a Countrey by the bounds rivers hills and most notable Cities yet it is still but the description of some place or Countrey and not of the whole Earth universally which is the proper work of a Geographer So that Chorography differeth from Geography as a part from the whole that being as Ptolomy doth very handsomely express it like the painting of an eye or an ear or some other member this as the picturing of the head or whole body of man But Geographie in its full latitude comprehendeth not Chorography only but Topographie and Hydrographie also Of these the last is the delineation of the Sea by its severall names Ports Promontories Creeks and other affections as also of great Lakes and Rivers Which is most necessary for the use of Mariners and is best done by Petrus de Medina Peter Nonnius in his Regulae Artis Navigandi and Johannes Aurigarius in his Speculum Nauticum the chief Writers in the Art of Pilotisme Topography is the description of some particular place or City of which kinde was the Book of Stephanas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or De Vrbius among the Antients and the Theatrum Vrbium written by Bruinus in these later times Stowes Book of the Survey of London the French Antiquities de Paris and such as these And of this kinde is the description of the Vale of Tempe in the greater Ortelius and those of the Elysian fields the gardens of Alcinous and the Hesperedes in the antient Poets 3. Chorographie as before was said is the exact description of some Kingdom Countrey or particular Province of the same unless this last may fall more properly under the notion of Chorographie Of this kinde the description of the severall estates of Greece written by Pausanias is of most use and reputation of all the Antients as that of Camden Glarenteux for the I le of Britain of Lewis Guicciardine for the Low Countreys Leander for Italy c. are amongst the Moderns Fourthly Geography finally is 〈◊〉 aggregate of all these together borrowing from 〈◊〉 the description of Seas and Waters From Topography that of Towns Cities and particular placâ— And from Chorography the delinâ—ation of Regions Provinces and Kingdoms which brought into a body make up that Portraiture oâ— Picture of the whole Earth and every considerable part thereof in writing which according to Ptolomies definition before mentioned is properly and truly called Geography In the advancement of which studies those which have took 〈◊〉 pains with the greatest benefit to Posteritie are the said Ptolomie Plime and Strabo for the elder times Mercator Maginus and Ortelius for the later Ages Of which the two first lived in the times of Antoninus Pius the Roman Emperour Anno Chr. 141. or hereabouts the other in the reign of Tiberius Caesar the unworthy Successor of Augustus the three last flourishing in the daies of our Fathers about some 80 years ago Thus have I briefly summed up those generall Praecognita which I conceive are necessary to the knowledge and understanding as well of History as of Geography Out of which two compounded and intermixt ariseth that universal Comprehension of Naturall and Civill story which by a proper and distinct name may be termed Cosmography And this may well be reckoned amongst mixed stories for it hath from Naturall History or Geography the Regions themselves together with their Sites and severall Commodities from Civill History Habitations Governments and Names and from the Mathematicks the Climates and Configurations of the Heavens under which the Coasts and Quarters of the World do lie Of the Utilitie and excellencie of which study I need say no more than what hath been already spoken of the severall parts whereof this is only the Result desiring pardon of the Reader that I have christened these imperfect and unworthy Papers by so noble a name which I desire they may deserve though I fear they will not However I will give the venture and make as speedy and as profitable a discovery as the times enable me of the whole World and the most observable things therein according to the best light which the reading of Histories and Geographicall discourses hath supplied me with beseeching him who made the World and ordereth all the Governments and Affairs thereof as to him seems best to bless me in the undertaking and furnish me with fit Abilities both of strength and judgement to go thorough with it Ipse enim est qui operatur in nobis velle perficere as the Scripture hath it And so on in Gods name COSMOGRAPHIE The First Book CONTAINING THE CHOROGRAPHIE AND HISTORIE OF ITALIE
danger of Fire also Yea and secured himself from all Night-tumults which carried with them though but small more terror and affrightment than greater Commotions in the day Never till now were the common people Masters of their own both lives and substance And now was travell in the Night as safe though not so pleasant as at Noon 32 The People and City thus setled his next study is to keep the Provinces in a liking of the Change But little Rhetorique needed to win their liking who had long desired the present form of Government mistrusting the Peoples Regiment by reason of Noblemens factions Covetousness of Magistrates the Laws affording no security being swayed hither and thither by ambition and corruption These Provinces when he first took the Government he thus divided Asia Africa Numidia Betica Narbonensis Sicilia Corsica Sardinia all Greece Crete Cyprus Pontus and Bithynia being quiet and peaceable Provinces of known and faithfull obedience he assigned unto the Senate But the new conquered Regions such as had not disgested their loss of liberty with whom any Rebellion or War was to be feared he retained under his own command Such were Tarraconensis Lusitanica Lugdunensis Germany Belgica Aquitanica Syria Silicae Egypt Dalmatia Mysia Pannonia c. And this he did as he gave out to sustain the danger himself alone leaving unto the Senate all the sweets of ease but the truth was to keep them without Arms himself alwaies strong and in a readiness The notable effects of which Counsell did not discover themselves only by the establishment of the Empire in his own person during life and the continuance of it in the house of the Caesars though men of most prodigious Vices after his decease but in some of the Ages following also For when the Family of the Caesars was extinct in Nero the Imperiall Provinces being so strong and perceiving the Consular so weak assumed to themselves the creating and establishing of the following Princes Thus Galba was made Emperour by the Spanish and French Legions Vitellius by the German Vespatian by the Syrian and Panonnian The Consular Provinces never stirring either to prevent their attempts or to revenge them And when they adventured once to advance Gordian to the Throne all they could doe was but to betray the poor old man and all his Family to a tragick end And yet he did not so impropriate those Provinces to the Senate but that they also as well as those which he reserved unto himself were specified particularly in his private Register In which the better to manage the affairs of the Empire he had set down what Tributes every of them payed what Presents they sent in what Customs in theâ— were levyed That book also comprehended the wealth of the publike Treasury and necessary charge issuing out of it What number of Citizens and Allies there were in Arms What strength there was by Sea with all other circumstances concerning the extent strength riches and particulars of his estate William of Normandy did the like at his first entrance into England when he composed that Censuall Roll of all this Kingdom which we call Dooms-day Book or the Roll of Winton according unto which Taxations were imposed and Ayds exacted The greatest Princes have not thought it a disparagement to be good Husbands to know the riches of their Crowns and have an eye to their Intrado 32. Britain was left out of this Bead-Roll either because from hence there neither was much hope of profit nor much fear of hurt or els because being more desirous to keep than inlarge the Monarchy he thought it most expedient to confine it within the bounds appointed by Nature Danubius on the North Mount Atlas on the South Euphrates on the East and the main Ocean on the West did both bound his Empire and defend it Some Kingdoms have their limits laid out by Nature and those which have adventured to extend them further have found it fatall The Persians seldom did attempt to stretch their Territory beyond Oxus but they miscarried in the action And what was that poor River if compared unto the Ocean Many who loved action or expected preferment by the Wars incited him unto the conquest and plantation of these Countreys Affirming That the barbarous people were naturally bad Neighbours and though for the present not very strong nor well skilled in Arms yet might a weak Enemy in time gather great strength That he ought to pursue the War for his Father Julius sake who first shewed that Iland to the Romans that it yeelded both refuge and supply to the Malecontents of Gaul and Enemies in Germanie That he would lose the benefit of a wealthy Country stored with all manner of provision and the command of a valiant Nation born as it were unto the Wars That it was an Apostacy from honor to lye still and add nothing to the conquest of his Ancestors That he was in all equity bound as far as in him was to reduce to Civility from Barbraism so many proper and able men But to these motives he replyed That he had already refused to wage war with the Parthian a more dangerous neighbour and far wose enemy than the Britains That he had waste and desart ground enough in his own Dominions for many a large Plantation when he saw it needfull That he had constantly refused though with great facility he might to conquer any more of the barbaâ—ous Nations That as in the Natâ—rall body a surfet is more dangerous than fasting so in the Body Politike too much is more troublesom than a little That the Roman Monarchy had already exceeded the Persian and Macedonian and to extend it further was the next way to make it totter and fall by its own weight That he had learned in the Fable not to lose the substance by catching at the shadow And finally that many puissant Nations lay in and about Britany against whom Garrisons must be kept and he feared the Revenue would not quit the Cost And so the enterprize of Britain was quite laid aside 33. For the assurance of the Provinces already conquered he dispersed into them 23. Legions with their Ayds whose pay onely besides provision of Corn and Officers wages amounting to five Millions and an half of our English pounds and somewhat more were so suddenly paid unto the Armies that we read seldom in the Histories of that Empire of any Mutiny among the souldiers for want of pay An happiness whereof these ages have been little guilty For the amassing of this treasure and defraying of this charge AUGVSTVS made not use onely of his own revenue Wars which are undertaken and Souldiers that are levied for the Common safety ought in all reason to be maintained on the Common purse The Grandour and security of an Empire concerns in all respects as much the People as the Prince For which cause he erected an Exchequer in the Citie which was called Aerarium militare or the Souldiers Treasury whereto
own family as before is sayd and to that end called in the French who after made such fowl work in Italie 29 Julio the second had more in him of the Souldier than the Prelate recovering many Towns unto the Church which had been formerly usurped being taken from the Occupants by Caesar Borgias and keeping Italie in his time in continuall wars This is the Pope who passing over the bridge of Tiber brandished his Sword and threw his Keyes into the River saying that if Peters Keyes would not serve his turn then Pauls Sword should do it 30 Leo the tenth was indeed a great Favourer of Learning but of great prodigalitie and vast expence For maintainance whereof he sent his saleable Indulgences into France and Germany which business being indiscreetly handled by his Ministers occasioned Luther in Germany and Zuinglius amongst the Switzers first to write against them and afterwards to question many points of Popish Doctrin In pursuance of which quarrell the Pope of Rome burnt Luthers Books whom he declared for an Heretick and Luther did the like at Wittenberg with the Popes Canon Law whom he declared to be a Persecutor a Tyrant and the very Antichrist Which flame increased so fast and inlarged so far that it burnt down a great part of the Papall Monarchy 31 Pius the fourth continued the Councill formery called at Trent by Pope Paul the third but interrupted and layd aside from on Pope to another and having brought it to an end and thereby setled and confirmed the Interess of the Church of Rome caused it to be received as Oecumenicall though the Italian Bishops being most of them the Popes creatures did more than double the number of all the rest and yet some of the rest also were but meerly Titulars He added also a new Creed consisting of twelve Articles to be added to that of the Apostles by all who lived in the Communion of the Church of Rome But of the words and actions of these Ghostly Fathers we have said enough if not too much I will therefore end with that of the Painter who being blamed by a Cardinall for giving to S. Peters picture too much of the red replyed that he had made him so as blushing at the lives of those who were called his Successours As for the Temporall power and greatness of the Popes of Rome there is a pretended Donation of the Emperor Constantine by which the City of Rome it self most part of Italie and Africk and all the Ilands of those Seas are conferred upon them the forgery whereof is very learnedly shewn by our learned Cracanthorp in his discourse upon that subject But that Donation might most justly be suspected of Fraud and Forgery though no body had took the pains to detect the same considering how fearfull the Popes are grown to have the truth thereof disputed insomuch that many leaves are razed out of Guicciardine by the Inquisition where it had been questioned For in that place the Historian not only denieth the sayd feigned Donation but affirmes that divers learned men reported that Constantine and Silvester to whom it is sayd to have been made lived in divers Ages Then sheweth how base and obscure the Authority of the Pope was in Rome it self during the time that the barbarous Nations made havock of Italie 2 That in the institution of the Exarchate the Popes had nothing to do with the Temporall Sword but lived as subject to the Emperors 3 They were not very much obeyed in matters Spirituall by reason of the corruption of their manners 4 That after the overthrow of the Exarchate the Emperors now neglecting Italie the Romans began to be governed by the advice and power of the Popes 5 That Popin of France and his sonne Charles having overthrown the Kingdom of the Lombards gave unto the Popes the Exarchate Urbine Ancona Spoteto and many other Towns and Territories about Rome 6 That the Popes in all their Buls and Charters expressed the date of them in these formall words Such a one the Lord our Emperour reigning 7 That long after the translation of the Empire from France to Germany the Popes began to make open protestation that the Pontificiall dignity was rather to give Laws to the Emperors than receive any from them 8. That being thus raised to an earthly power they forgot the salvation of souls sanctity of life and the Commandments of God propagation of Religion and Charity towards men And that to raise arms to make war against Christians to invent new devices for getting of money to prophane sacred things for their own ends and to inrich their kindred and children was their only study And this is the substance of Guicciardine in that place an Author above all exception He was a man whom the Popes imployed in many businesses of principall importance so that no hate to them but love to the truth made him write thus much As for the City of Rome so unlikely is it to have been given by Constantine that neither Pepin nor Charles his sonne though more beholding to the Popes than that Emperor was could be induced to part with it Lewis surnamed Pius is said to have been the first Donor of it and a Copy of his Donation is found in the third Book of Volaterran subscribed by the Emperor his three sonnes ten Bishops eight Abbots fifteen Earls and the Popes Library-Keeper yet notwithstanding it is thought by many very learned and judicious men that really there was no such matter but that all this was forged by Anastasius the Popes Bibliothecarian or Library-Keeper who is cited as a witness to the Donation And yet to put the matter further out of question let us next hear what that great Politician and States-man the Recorder of Florence Nic. Machiavel hath observed in this case Rome saith he was always subject to the Lords of Italie till Theodorick King of the Gothes removed his Seat to Ravenna for thereby the Romans were inforced to submit themselves to the Bishops An. 430. or thereabouts And talking of the estate of the Popedom An. 931. he states it thus In Rome were elected yeerly out of the Nobility two Consuls who according to the antient Custom ruled that Citie Under them was appointed a Judge to minister justice to the people There was also a Counsell of twelve men which gave Governors unto the Towns subject to Rome And for the Pope he had in Rome more or less Authority according to the favour which he found with the Emperors or others then most mighty but the leaving of Italie by the German Emperors setled the Pope in a more absolute Soveraignty over the City And yet it seems they were not of such absolute power but that the Romans tugged hard with them for their Liberties Concerning which he tells us in another place That the ambition of the people of Rome did at that time viz. An. 1010. make much war with the Popes and that having helped the Pope to drive
second Sonne of Alan Stewart Earl of Lennox in Scotland for his many Signal Services against the English and is still the hnourarie title and possession of the second Branch of that noble and illustrious Familie But as for Berry it self and the fortunes of it we may please to know that in the time of Hugh Capet one Godfrey was Governour of this Province whose Posteritie enjoyed that Office under the Kings of France till the daies of King Henry the first of whom the Inheritance and Estate was bought by Harpiâ— one of the Descendants of that Godfrey But long he had not held it as Proprietarie in his own right when desirous to make one in the Holy Wars he sold it back again to King Philip the first the better to furnish himself for that expedition Anno 1096. to be united to the Crown after his decease Since which time the Soveraigntie of it hath been alwayes in the Crown of France but the possession and Revenue sometimes given with the title of Duke for a portion to some of the Kings younger Sonnes to be holden of them in Appennage under the Soveraigntie and command of the Donor and his Successors the last which so enjoyed it being Charles the Brother of Lewis the 11th after whose death it was united to the Crown never since separated from it save that it gave the title of Duchesse to the Ladie Margaret sister of Francis the first maried after to the Duke of Savoy 9 The Dukedom of BOVRBON THE Dukedom of BOVRBON in the full power and extent thereof comprehended 〈◊〉 Fâ—rrest Beauâ—jolois and auvergâ—e all now reverted to the Crown 1 BOVRBONOIS hath on the East the Dukedom of Burgunay on the West 〈◊〉 on the North La Beausse and a corner of Gastinâ—is on the South Auvergne The Countrie very well wooded and of excellent pasturage which makes the people more intent to grazing and seeding Cattel than they are to tillage and is watered with the Rivers of Loire Yonne and 〈◊〉 which are counted navigable besides Aron Acolin Lixentes Lanbois and some lesser streames The antient Inhabitants were the Hedâ—i who being wasted in their Wars against the Romans a great part of their Countrie was by Julius Caesar conferred on the Bou a German Nation who coming with the Helvetians into Gaule and unwilling upon their defeat to go home again were by him planted in this tract It is divided into the Higher and the Lower In the Higher which is more mountainous and hilly there is no other Town of note than that of Montaigne situate in the Countie of Combraille the Signencie as I take it of that Michâ—el de Montaigne the Authour of the Book of Essaies But in the Lower Bourbonoâ—s are 1 Molins esteemed the Center of all France situate on the Allâ—er Bailliage and the chief Town of this Countrie the River yielding great plenty of Fish but of Salmons specially the Town adorned with a fair Castle and that beautified with one of the finest Gardens in France in which are many Trees of Limmons and Oranges 2 Bourbon Archenband and 3 Bourbon Ancie the former of the two seated upon the Loâ—re and giving name to the whole Province of great resort by reason of its medicinal waters 4 S. Porcin and 5 Varennes Ganat upon the frontiers of Auvergn 6 Chancelle 7 Charroux 8 â—alisse 9 Souvigni 10 St. Amand c. In the North part of Bourbonois but not accounted any part or member of it lieth the Town of Nevers in Latine Nivernium from whence the Countrie round about is called NIVERNOIS A Town of good esteem but not very great the reputation which it hath proceeding partly from some mines of Iron interspersed with silver which are found therein and partly for the Earls and Dukes from hence denominated The first whereof was Landri of the house of Bourgogne Anno 1001. Passing through many Families it came at last again to the house of Bourgogne and from that unto the Earles of Flanders by the mariage of Yoland of Bourgogne to Robert of Bethune Earl of Flanders Anno 1312 whose Sonne named Lewis maried the Heir of Rethel Together with the rest of the rights of Flanders it came again by mariage to the Dukes of Burgundie conveied by Elizabeth Daughter and Heir of Iohn of Bourgogne Earl of Nevers second Sonne of Philip the good Duke of Burgundie to Adâ—lph Duke of Cleves her Husband Anno 1484 and by Henrietta Sister and Heir of Francis de Cleves the second Duke of Never and the last of that Familie to her Husband Lewis de Gonzaga third Sonne of Frederick Duke of Mantua Anno 1563. whose Sonne Charles succeeded his Father and Mother in the Dukedom of Nevers and Vincent of Genzaga his Cousen german in the Dukedom of Mantua The Armes of these Dukes Azure within a Border Compone Gules and Argent 3 Flower de Lyces Or. 2 FORREST is bounded on the East with Beau-jolois on the West with Auvergne on the North with Bourbonois and on the South with a part of Languedock The Countrie populous and large but not very fruitful hillie and mountainous much of the nature of the Wood-Lands The Air a little of the coldest to afford good Wines but that sufficiently recompensed by abundance of pitcoal by which they have good fires at a very cheap rate The people are conceived to be none of the wisest but withall very greedy and covetous of gain The chief Towns in it are 1 Mont-Brison seated on the Loyre 2 Feurs seated on the same River called antiently Forum Segusianorum the chief Citie of the Segusiani or Scrusiani whom Caesar and others mention in this part of Gaule 3 St. Stephen or Estienne in Feurian neer the head of that River 4 St. Germans 5 St. Rombert 6 St. Bâ—nnet le Chastean 7 St. Guermier c. of which little memorable This Countrie of Forrest was anciently a part of the Earldome of Lyons dismembred from it at or about the same time with Beau-jolois and was held by a long succession of Earls Proprietaries of it as a state distinct till Regâ—aud Lord of Forrest the Sonne of Earl Guy by the mariage of Isabel Daughter and heir of Humbert Earl of Beau-jeu joyned them both together which was about the year 1265 parted again after his decease Anno 1â—80 Guy being his eldest Sonne succeeding in Forrest and Lewis his second in Beau-jeu How they became united in the house of Burbon we shall see anon 3 BEAV-JOLOIS so called from Beau-jeu the chief Town hereof taketh up the tract of ground betwixt the Loire and the Soasne and betwixt Lionois and Forrest A Countrie of no great extent but verie remarkeable for the Lords and Princes of it who have been men of great eminence in their severall times The chief Town of it is Beau-jeu beautified with a goodly Caâ—tle pleasantly seated on the brow of a rising Mountain from whence perhaps it took the name as the great Keep in Farnham Castle was in
of France was Duke of Burgundy in right of his Wife the Daughter of Giâ—bert 976. 4 Henry the Brother of Otho 1001. 5 Robert King of France Sonne of Hugh Capet succeeded in the Dukedom on the death of his Vncle Henry 1004. 6 Robert II. Sonne of this Robert and Brother of Henry King of France 1075. 7 Hugh the Nephew of Robert by his Sonne Henry became afterwards a Monk of Clugny 1097. 8 Odo or Otho II. Brother of Hugh 1102. 9 Hugh II. Sonne of Otho the 2d 1124. 10 Odes or Otho III. Sonne of Hugh the 2d 1165. 11 Hugh III. the Companion but great Enemy of our Richard the first in the Wars of the Holy-Land 1192. 12 Odes or Otho IV. Sonne of Hugh the 3d. 1218. 13 Hugh IV. an Adventurer with King Lewis the 9th in the Holy-Land 1273. 14 Robert III. Sonne of Hugh the 4th which Robert was the Father of Joan the Wife of Philip de Valois French King and Grandmother of Philip the Hardie after Duke of Burgundy 1308. 15 Hugh V. Sonne of Robert the 3d. 1315. 16 Eudes the Brother of Hugh was Earl of Burgundie also in right of his Wife 1349. 17 Philip the Grand-child of Eudes by his only Sonne Philip Duke and Earl of Burgundie by descent and Earl of Flanders and Artois in right of his Wife the last Duke of this Line 1363. 18 Philip II. surnamed the Hardie Sonne of Iohn King of France Sonne of Philip de Valois and Ioan Daughter of Robert the 3d. by Charls the 5th his Brother in whom the right of this Dukedom did them remain was made Duke of Burgundy and maried to the Heir of Flanders and the County of Burgundy 1404. 19 Iohn surnamed the Proud Sonne of Philip the 2d Duke and Earl of Burgundie and Earl of Flanders and Artois 1419. 20 Philip III. surnamed the Good who added most of the Netherlands unto his Estate 1467. 21 Charls the Warlike Earl of Charolois Sonne of Philip the Good After whose death slain by the Switzers at the battell of Nancie Lewis the 11th seized upon this Dukedom Anno 1476. pretending an Escheat thereof for want of Heires males uniting it for ever to the Crown of France Of the great wealth and potency of these last Dukes of Burgundie we shall speak further when we come to the description of Belgium the accession whereof to their Estates made them equall to most Kings in Christendom But for their Arms which properly belonged to them as Dukes of Burgundie they were Bendwise of Or and Azure a Border Gules Which Coat is usually marshalled in the Scutchions of the Kings of Spain that of the Earldom being omitted though in their possession The reasons of which are probably for I go but by guess partly because this being the older and Paternal Coat comprehends the other and partly to keep on foot the memory of his Title to the Dukedom it self in right of which he holdeth such a great Estate 19 The County of BVRGVNDIE THe County of BVRGVNDIE hath on the East the Mountain Iour which parts it from Switzerland on the West the Dntohie of Burgundie from which divided by the Soasne on the North a branch of the Mountain Vauge which runneth betwixt it and Lorreine on the the South La Bresse It is reckoned to be 90 miles in length about 60 in bredth and with the provinces of Daulphine La Bresse and Provence made up the Dukedom of Burgundie beyond the Soasne on the Eastern side of which it is wholly situate This part thereof now generally called the Frenche Comtè or the Free County because not under the command of the French Kings but living in a more free Estate than any Subjects of that Kingdom The Country in some parts very Mountainous but those Mountains yielding excellent Vineyards and having in recompence of a little barrenness an intermixture of most pleasing and fruitfull vallies swelling with plenty of all naturall commodities usefull unto the life of man and for variety of fresh streams and delightful Riverets inferiour only to the Dutchie The principall Towns and Cities of it are 1 Besanson called by Caesar Vesontio then the chief Citie of the Sequani as afterwards the Metropolis of the Province entituled Maxima Sequanorum by consequence an Archbishops See Seated betwixt two Mountains on the banks of the River Doux by which it is almost encompassed such artificiall Fortifications being added to it as make it very strong both by art and nature But this is an imperiall City not subject to the Government and Command of the Earls of Burgundie honoured with a small Universitie founded here Anno 1540. by Pope Iulio the 2d and Charles the fifth 2 Dole seated on the same River Doux for riches strength and beauty to be preferred before any in all the County of which it is the Parliament City and consequently of most resort for dispatch of business Antiently it was an University for the study of the Civill Lawes but now the University is devoured by a College of Iesuites who fearing lest the Doctrine of the Reformed Churches might creep in amongst the people not only have debarred them the use of the Protestants Books but have expresly forbid them to talk of GOD either in a good sort or in a bad 3 Salins so called from its salt fountains out of which came the greatest part of the Earls Revenue honoured for a while with the seat of the Parliament removed hither from Dole by King Lewis the 11th at such time as he held this Country beholding to him being a wise and politick Prince for many wholsome Ordinances still observed amongst them 4 Poligni the Bailliage of the Lower as 5 Vescal is of the Higher Burgundy 6 Arboise noted for the best Wines and 7. Laxoal for medicinable Bathes 8 Nazareth on the borders of Switzerland fortified with a very strong Castle the ordinary seat and retreat from business of the first Princes of Orange of the house of Chalons who had great possessions in this Country 9 Gray and 10 Chastel-Chalon 11 Quingey 12 Orgelet Here is also the great and famous Abbie of Clugny neer the Town of Beaum out of which so many Monasteries in the Western Church had their first Originall The old Inhabitants of this Countie were the Sequant a potent name contending with the Hedui and Arverni for the Soveraignty of Gaul till the strife was ended by the Romans under whom it made together with Switzerland the Province of Maxima Sequanorism In the declining of which Empire it fell to the Burgundians and by Rodolph the last King of the French Kingdom of Burgundy was given to Conrade the 2d Emperour of Germaneâ—e After that reckoned as a part of the German Empire governed by such Earls or Provinciall Officers as those Emperours lent hither Othâ— of Flanders Sonne to a Sister of the Emperour Conrade was the first that held it as Proprietarie the other three whom Paradine sets before him in his Catalogue of the
torture that it is counted the greatest tyrannie and severest kind of persecution under Heaven Insomuch that many Papists who would willingly die for their Religion abhor the very name and mention of it and to the death withstand the bringing in of this slavery among them This is it that made the people of Aragon and Naples rebel Countries where the people are all of the Papal side and this was it which caused the irremediable revolt of the Low-countries the greatest part of that Nation at the time of their taking Arms being Romish Catholicks Yet is it planted and established in Spain and all Italy Naples and Venice excepted the managing thereof committed to the most zealous fierie and rigorous Friers in the whole pack The least suspition of heresie affinitie or commerce with Hereticks reproving the lives of the Clergy keeping any books or Editions of books prohibited or discoursing in matters of Religion are offences sufficient Nay they will charge mens consciences under pain of damnation to detect their nearest and dearest friends if they doe but suspect them to be herein culpable Their proceedings are with great secrecie and security for 1. the parties accused shall never know their Accuser but shall be constrained to reveal their own thoughts and affections 2. If they be but convinced of any errour in any of their opinions or be gainsayed by two witnesses they are immediatly condemned 3. If nothing can be proved against them yet shall they with infinit tortures and miseries be kept in the house divers yeers for a terrour to others and 4. If they escape the first brunt with many torments and much anguish yet the second questioning or suspition brings death remediless And as for torments and kinds of death Phalaris and his Fellow-tyrants come far short of these-blood-hounds The Administration of this Office for the more orderly Reglement and dispatch thereof distributed into twelve Courts or Supreme Tribunals for the severall Provinces of Sâ—ain no one depending on another in which those of the Secular Clergy sit as Iudges the Friers being only used as Promoters to inform the Court and bring more Grist unto the Mill. Of those Inquisitors every one hath the Title of Lord and are a great terrour to the neighbouring Peasants I here goeth a Tale how one of their Lordships desirous to eat of the Pears which grew in a poor mans Orchard not far off sent for the man to come unto him which put the poor soul into such a fright that he fell sick upon it and kept his bed Being afterwards informed that all his Lordships busines with him was to request a Dish of his Pears he pulled the tree up by the roots and carried it unto him with the Fruit upon it And when he was demanded the reason of that rash and improvident action he returned this Answer that he would never keep that thiâ—â— in his house which should give any of their Lordships cause to send further after him Certain it is that by this means the people of this kingdom are so kept under that they dare not hearken after any other Religion than what their Priests and Friers shall be pleased to teach them or entertain the truth if it come amongst them or call in question any of those palpable and gross â—mpostures which every day are put upon them But to return unto the Moores most of which by the terrour of this Inquisition proâ—â—ssed in shew the Christian Faith But being Christians only in the outward shew and practising on all occasions against the State the Kings of Spain resolved long agoe on their Exterminatâ—on but never had opportunity to effect it till the yeer 1609. At what time Philip the third having made a peace with England and a truce with Holland and finding the Moores of Africk 〈…〉 in wars that they were not able to disturb him put that extreme rigour in execution which had before been thought of in their consultations 1100000 of them being forced to quit this 〈◊〉 and provide new dwellings under colour that they went about to free themselves from the 〈◊〉 and to recover their old Liberty lost so long before The Forces which the Kings of Granada in the times of their greatest power were able to 〈◊〉 were far beyond the Ameasurement and extent of their kingdom not above 700 miles in 〈◊〉 as before is said but so exceeding populous and well accommodated wâ—â—hall manner 〈◊〉 necessaries that within two dayes space the King hereof was able to draw 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Horse and 200000 Foot for defence of the Kingdom The Armes whereof were Or a Pomgranat or Apple of Granada slipped Vert. 8 MVRCIA MVRCIA is bounded on the West with Granada on the East with Valentia on the North with Valentia and a part of Granada and on the South with the Mediterranean Seas so called from Murcia the chief Citie In former times esteemed a rich and wealthy Countrey stored with all sorts of fruits and so abounding in Silver Mines that when the Romans were Lords of it they kept continually 400 men at work and received 2500 Drachmas of daily profit now for the most part barren and but ill inhabited Cities of note there are not many in so small a Countrey The principal 1 Murcia by Ptolomiâ— called Menâ—alâ—a seated upon the River Segura a Bishops See situate in a pleasant and delightfull Plain planted with Pomgranats and other excellent fruits From this the Countrey had the name of the Kingdom of Murcia 2 Carthagena or Nova Carthago first built by Asdâ—ubal of Carthage the Brother of Annibal for the better receiving of such aids both of men and money as should come from Africa Situate in a Demi-Iland in the very jawes of the Mediterranean by which and by a deep Marish on the West side of it so impregnably fortified that if Scipiâ— afterwards called Asricanus who then lay at the siege thereof had not been shewed a way over that Marish at a dead low Water by some poor Fisher-men of Tarragon who knew the secret he had there lost both his time and Honour Nothing more memorable in the sackâ—ge and spoyl thereof though there was found abundance of Armes and Treasure than the vertue of Scipio who finding there many Spanish Ladies of great birth and beauties left there as Hostages for the Spaniards with the Carthaginians would not permit any of them to be brought before him for fear it should betray him to some inconvenience Being reedified it was made a Roman Colonie and one of the seven Iuridicall Resorts of Tarraconensiâ— by Constantine made a chief Citie of the new Province of Carthaginensis which was hence denominated Afterwards twice sacked by the Gothes and Vandals it lay for a long time buried in its own ruins And though again new built and peopled it is still but smal containing at the most but 600 Housholds and would be utterly abandoned but for the safety of the place and the strength thereof garrison'd and fortified very
to the Crown of Aragon by Alfonso the 2d by Iames the first laid to the Kingdom of Majorca united to the Crown again by King Pedro the 4th after that sold or rather pawned by King Iohn the 2d to Lewis the 11th of France for the summe of 300000 Crowns Anno 1462. and freely returned back again to Ferdinand the second after called the Catholick by King Charles the 8th Anno 1493 conditioned that he should not hinder him in the Conquest of Naples â—oyning hereto as part of the Kingdom of Majorca was the Countrey of Sardaigne or Cerdagne the habitation of the Corretani in former times and afterwards accounted of as a part of Aragon The chief Town of those Cerretani called Iulia Libyca the principall now being hath the name of Cardono or Sardona as the Spaniards commonly pronounce it retaining some resemblance to the name of the Nation The Countrey lying in the Vallies of the Pyrenees and consequently in a corner somewhat out of the way was thought fit to be added to the Land of Rousillon for the better endowment of this Kingdom the fortunes of which it hath since followed as appendant on it pawned when that was unto the French and with that restored 2. The Earldom of MONTPELIER is situate in the Province of Languedoc adjoyning to the Land of Rousillon so called from Montpelier the chief Citie for the description whereof we must send the Reader back to France having spoken of it there already All I shall here repeat is this that Mary the Daughter of William the last Earl thereof brought it in mariage to her Husband Peter the 2d King of Aragon and that it was sold to Philip de Valoys the French King by Iames King of Majorca of that name the third 3 The Iland of MAIORCA is situate in the Mediterranean just over against Valentia from which distant about 60 miles about 300 miles in circuit the length above an hundred the breadth somewhat under the number of Inhabitants reckoned at 30000. The Land on all sides towards the Sea is somewhat mountainous and barren withall the In-lands more champian and fruitfull yeelding sufficient quantity of Oyl Corn Wines and Fruits for the use of its people The whole Iland is divided into 30 parts as so many Wapontakes in every one of which are reckoned from 300 to 600 Families No hurtfull Creatures are here bred except Conies only and those not hurtfull but by accident of which more anon Places of chief note in the former times were 1. Palma and 2. Pallentia which had the rights of Roman Citizens 3. Ciâ—ium and 4. Cunici which enjoyed the rights of the Latiues and 5. Bochri or Bochorum which was in the condition of a Town confederate besides divers others not so priviledged Of these none left at this day but Palma only vulgarly called Majorca by the name of the Iland a Bishops See the Seat of the Vice-Roy for these Isles and an Vniversity the birth-place of Raymundus Lullius a man of great wit and profound judgement the Author of some Books in the Art of Chymistrie whose Works are read and studied in that Vniversitie as Aristotles are in others This is the greater of the two Ilands called Baleares whence it had the name A joyning hereunto two others of inferiour note called Dragonera and Cabrera of which nothing memorable 4 MINORCA so called because it is the lesser of the Baleares is situate East-ward of Majorca from which distant neer 100 miles of about 60 miles in length and 150 miles in Circuit More fruitfull than the other though less in quantitie of a rich soyl which breedeth them great herds of Cattell and Mules of the largest size of any in Spain accommodated also with two convenient Havens the one called Maon the other Farnessus Other considerable places are 1 Minorca now so called by the name of the Iland but antiently known by the name of Mago situate in the East part thereof first Founded by the Carthaginians as the name imports And so was also 2 Iamno seated in the West Duo parva Oppida quibus à Poenis indita nomina saith Severus Bishop of these Isles An. 420 or thereabouts It is now called Citadella or the little Citie Here was also in the mid-land a third Town called Sanisera by Plinie of which I finde now no tract remaining 5 EBVSA now called YVICA lyeth between the main Land and the Baleares opposite to the Promontorie of Ferraria in the Realm of Valentia from which distant about 50 miles and neer an hundred miles in compass The Countrey plentifull of Corn and all manner of Fruits breeding no hurtfull Creature except Conies onely which many times destroy their Harvest The chief Town here is Yvica of old called Ebusus the Inhabitants of which make yearly great store of Salt wherewith they doe not only furnish Spain but some parts of Italie 6 FRVMENTERA so called from the plenty of Corn is distant ten miles from Yvica and about 60 miles from the main Land of Spain in circuit about 70 miles Not well inhabited by reason of the multitude of Serpents for which cause called by the Grecians 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 by the Latines Both Ilands antiently known by the name of Pityusâ— and Pityodâ—â— from the abundance of â—ines there growing About thâ—se Ilands are three others of little worth called 1. Veâ—ra 2 〈◊〉 and 3 Dâ—â—gorgo 4 Another called Moncolibre betwixt Mâ—jore and the influx of the River â—â—us 5 Alâ—aquâ—s lying in the very mouth of that River and 6 Soombâ—aria antiently called the Iland of Hercules over against Carthagena so named from a kind of Tuâ—â—ny in 〈◊〉 named Scomâ—ri of which great sâ—oales use to lye about it All these together with the 〈◊〉 make up the Province of the Ilands the 7th Province of â—paâ—n But the chief glory of these Ilands were the BALEARES so called as the generall conceit is from the Greek word 〈◊〉 which signifieth to throw because the people were so expert in throwâ—â—â— their Slings or Darts but as Bâ—chaâ—tus will needs have it to the same effect from 〈◊〉 a Punick or Proenician word signifying a mâ—ster in the Art of slinging An Art so naturall and innative to them that Parents used to give no meat unto their Children after some sit age but what they could hit down with their Slings from the top of a Beam Of their deâ—terity at this weapon there is much mention made in the Antient Writers as well Historiâ—ns as Poets And from this exercise they had the name also of Insulae 〈◊〉 or else because the people of it used to goe naked to the wars and possibly enough in those first Ages of the World and at other times also from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the same with Nudâ—s in the Lâ—tire Nor were they good at Slinging only but at Swiming too an exercise not ordinarily performed but by naked People at which the very women are at this day expert 〈◊〉 reporting in
Masters or Commendadors as they call them of those severall Orders drawing after them such troopes of the Nobility Gentry and other dependants that their power began to be suspected by the Kings themselves By which addition there accreweth to the Crown besides the opportunity of preferring servants of the greatest merit above 150000 l. of yearly Rents As for his Casualties and extraordinary waies of raising money they are very great reckoned by the Author of the Generall Hâ—story of Spain to amount according to divers opinions to 14. 18. and 23 millions of Crowns For making up which sum he puts in the First Fruits and some part of the Tenthes of Rectories and other Church preferments amounting to 3 millions yearly And the Author of the Politique Dispute c. affirmeth the Pardons sent to the Indies given him by the Pope to be worth half a million of pounds yearly Adde hereunto the fall and disposall of all Offices which make up a good round sum and the free Gifts and Contributions of his Subjects which amount unto a good Revenue For the Kingdom of Naples presents him every third year with a million 20000 Crowns and Castile only at one time granted a Contribution of four millions to be paid in four years his Subjects generally being so well affected unto the Crown that he can demand nothing in reason of them which they are not ready to grant the King of Spain being called in that regard by the Emperor Maximilian the King of Men. And yet this great King is not counted to be rich in treasure his expences being very great First In keeping Forts and Garrisons in many parts of his Estates against the revolt of the Natives Secondly Maintaining so many Frontire places against sorein Invasions Thirdly In the continuall pay of an Armada for Conducting his Plate-Fleets from America And last of all the many and unprofitable Wars of King Philip the second so plunged the Crown in the Gulfes of Bankers and Money-Changers that much of the Revenues of it stand ingaged for payment to this very day There are in Spain Arch-Bishops 11. Bishops 52. Vniversities 18. i. e. 1 Sevill 2 Granadâ— 3 S. Iago 4 Toledo 5 Valladolit 6 Majorca 7 Salamanca 8 Alcala de Henares 9 Signenca 10 Ebora 11 Lisbon 12 Conimbre 13 Valentia 14 Lerida 15 Huesca 16 Saragossa 17 Tudela 18 Ossuna And so much for Spain OF THE OCEAN AND ISLES OF BRITAIN BEfore we can arive in Britain the Iast Western Diocese we must cross the OCEAN that ingens and infinitum pelagus as Mela calleth it in comparison of which the Seas before-mentioned are but as Ponds or Gullets a Sea in former times known more by fame than tryall and rather wondred at on the shore side than any more remote place of it The Romans ventured not on it with their Vessels unless in the passage from France to Britain and much famed is Alexander for his hazardous voyage on this unruly Sea he having sayled in all but 400 Furlongs from the shore The name and pedegree take here both from the Poëts an Etymologists The Poëts make Oceanus to be the Sonne of Coelum and Vesta or of Heaven and Earth They termed him the father of all things as Oceanumque patrem rerum in Virgil because moisture was necessarily required to the constitution of all bodies and usually painted him with a Buls head on his shoulders whence Euripides called him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oceanus Tauriceps from the bellowing and furie of the Winds which from it come to the shore and to which it is subject As for the Children attributed unto him they are doubtless nothing but the clouds and vapours hence arising The name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oceanus some derive from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 celer because of its swiftness some from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 findo divido because it cleaveth and interlaceth the earth and others make it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à celeriter fluendo which agreeth in meaning with the first Particular names it hath divers according to the name of the shore by which it passeth as Cantabricus Gallicus Britannicus c. The chief Isles of it appertaining to Europe besides those called the Azores or Isles of Tercera which we have spoken of when we were in Portugal those of the Aquitain Ocean described in our Historie of France those of the Netherlands and the Northern Seas which are to be described hereafter in their proper places are the British Ilands by many of the most antient and approved Writers called simply BRITAIN because united all in that common notion though afterwards distinguished into the particular Appellations of Great Britain Ireland and the rest Of which as lying in my way betwixt Spain and Germany or rather as the next Diocese of the Empire to France and Spain under the Praetorio Praefectus of Italy I am next to speak OF BRITAIN BRITAIN according to the largest latitude of that name and notion comprehendeth all those Ilands both great and less which lie in compass about Albion or Britain properly so called by Ptolomie called Britanniae in the plurall number For speaking of France he thus subjoyneth Ex adverso hujus Britannia Insula Albion ipsi nomen fuit cum Britanniae omnes vocarentur i. e. Opposite hereunto lieth the Iland of Britain which formerly by a more proper name was called Albion the name of Britain comprehending all the Iles adjoyning And in this Latitude and extent we now take the word the whole dominion of these Ilands distinguished into severall names being united in the person and under the command of the King of Great Britain that name including all the rest as appendants of it with reference to this called the Isles of Britain or the 〈◊〉 Ilands Thus Aristotle in his Book De Mundo if the Book be his Quo in mari duae Insulae Britannicae siâ—ae sunt quarum maximae Albion Ierna i.e. In which Sea there are situate two British Ilands of great note and compass Albion or Britain properly so called and Ireland Ptolomie goeth to work more punctually and he states it thus Complectitur prima haec Europae tabula duas Britannicas insulas quas Dionysius Bretanides vocat Hiberniam nempe Albionem cum minoribus alâ—quot adjacentibus iâ—sulis ut sunt Orcades Ebudae Thyle Mona et reliquae suis nominibus expressae that is to say This first Table of Europe comprehendeth the two Ilands of Britain which Dionysius calls the Bretanides namely Ireland and Albion with some lesser Ilands joyning to it as the O cades the Hebrides Thule Anglesey or Man and others called by distinct names By which we see first that the generall name of Britain or the British Ilands comprehendeth all those which are situate in the Britiâ— Ocean and secondly that the greatest and most famous of them more specially called Britain by the following Writers was antiently called Albion by its proper
instrumentall in the Reformation should be so headily received in some Kingdoms and so importunately and clamorously desired in others The most valorous Souldiers of this Countrey when possessed by the Britains were 1 Cassibâ—lane who twice repulsed the Roman Legions though conducted by Caesar and had not a party here at home been formed against him he had for ever done the like 2 Pratusagus King of the Iceni 3 Constantine the Great 4 Arthur one of the Worlds nine Worthies In the times of the Saxons 5 Guy Earl of Warwick and 6 King Edmund Ironside and 7 Canutus the Dane Vnder the Normans of most note have been 1 William surnamed the Conquerour 2 Richard and 3 Edward both the first of those names so renowned in the wars of the Holy-Land 4 Edward the 3d and 5 Edward the Black Prince his Sonne Duo fulmina belli as famous in the warres of France 6 Henry the fift and 7 Iohn Duke of 〈◊〉 his Brother of equall gallantry with the other 8 Montacute Earl of Salisbury 9 S. 〈◊〉 Fastolf and 10 S. Iâ—hn Hawkwood of great esteem for valour in France and Italy not to descend to later times And for Sea Captains those of most note have been Hâ—wkins 〈◊〉 Burrought Jenkiâ—sâ—r Drake Frobisher Cavendish and Greenvile of some of which we have spoke already and of the rest may have an opportunity to say more hereafter Scholars of most renown amongst us 1 Alcuinus one of the Founders of the Vniversity of 〈◊〉 2 Bâ—dâ— who for his Pietie and Learning obtained the Attribute or Adjunct of Venerabilis Câ—nâ—erning which the Legends tels us that being blind his Boy had knavishly conducted him to preach to an head of stones and that when he had ended his Sermon with the Gloria Patri the very Stones concluded saying Amen Amen Venerabilis Bedâ— But other of the Monkish writers do assign this reason and both true alike that at his death some unlearned Priest intending to honour him with an â—piâ—aph had thus farre blundered on a verse viz. Hic sunt in fossa Bedae ossa but becauâ—e the verse was yet imperfect he went to bed to consider of it leaving a space betwixt the two last words thereof which in the morning he found filled up in a strange Character with the word Venerabilis and so he made his Verse and Beda pardon this diversion obtainâ—d that Attribute 3 Anselm and 4 Bradwardin Arch-bishops of Canterbury men famous for the times they lived in 5 Alexander of Hales Tutor to Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure 6 Thomas of Walden the professed enemy of Wâ—â—lef against whom he writ 7 Iohn Wiclef parson of Lâ—â—terworth in the County of Leicester who so valiantly opposed the power and Errors of the Church of Rome though he vented many of his own Then since the times of the Reformation 1 Iohn Iewel Bishop of Salisbury to whose learned and industrious labours in defence of the Religion here by law established we are still beholding 2 Dr. Iohn Reynolds and 3 Mr. Richard Hooker both of Corpus Christi Colledg in Oxon the first a man of infinite reading the second of as strong a judgment 4 Dr. Whitakers of Cambridge the Autagonist of the famous Bellarmine 5 Dr. Thomas Bilson and 6 Dr. Lancelot Andrews both Bishops of Winchester the Ornaments of their severall times 7 Bishop Montagne of Norwich a great Philologer and Divine 8 Dr. Iohn Wâ—itguâ—ft and 9 Dr. William Laud Arch-Bishops of Canterbury Of which last and his discourse against Fisher the Iesuite Sir Edward Dering his professed enemy hath given this Character that in that Book of his he had muzled the Iesuits and should strike the Papists under the fift rib when he was dead and gone and that being dead wheresoever his grave should be PAVLS whose reparation he endeavoured and had almost finished would be his perpetuall Monument and his own Book his lasting Epitaph And as for those who have stood up in maintenance of the Church of Rome those of most note were 1 Dr. Harding the Antagonist of Bishop Iewel 2 Nic. Sanders and 3 Dr. Tho. Stapleton to whose writings the great Cardinal Bellarmine doth stand much indebted 4 Champian and 5 Parsons both Iesuâ—es 6 and William Rainolds a Seminary Priest and the Brother of Dr. Iohn Rainolds spoken of before Of which two Brothers by the way it is very observeable that William was at first a Protestant of the Church of England and Iohn trained up in Popery beyond the Seas William out of an honest zeal to reduce his Brother to this Church made a journey to him where on a conference betwixt them it so fell out that Iohn being overcome by his brothers Arguments returned into England where he became one of the more strict or rigid sort of the English Protestants and William being convinced by the reasons of his Brother Iohn staid beyond the Seas where he proved a very violent and virulent Papist Of which strange accident Dr. Alabaster who had made triall of both Religions and amongst many notable whimsees had some fine abilities made this following Epigram which for the excellency thereof and the rareness of the argument I shall here subjoin Bella inter geminos plusquam Civilia Fratres Traxerat ambiguus Religionis apex Ille Reformatae Fidei pro partibus instat Iste reformandum denegat esse fidem Propositis causae rationibus alterutrinque Concurrere pares cecidere pares Quod fuit in votis Fatrem capit alter-uterque Quod fuit in fatis perdit uterque fidem Captivi gemini sine captivante fuerant Et Victor victi transuga castra petit Quod genus hoc pugnae est ubi victus gaudet uterque Et tamen alter-uter se superasse dolet Which excellent Epigram though not without great disadvantage to the Latine Originall I have thus translated In points of Faith some undetermin'd jars Betwixt two Brothers kindled Civill wars One for the Churches Reformation stood The other thought no Reformation good The points proposed they traversed the field With equall skill and both together yield As they desired his Brother each subdue's Yet such their Fate that each his Faith did loose Both Captive's none the prisoners thence to guide The Victor flying to the Vanquisht side Both joy'd in being Conquer'd strange to say And yet both mourn'd because both won the day And then for men of other Studies 1 Lindwood the Canonist 2 Cosins and 3 Cowel eminent in the studies of the Civill Lawes 4 Bracton and 5 Briton of old times 6 Dier and 7 â—ook of late days as eminent for their knowledge in the Lawes of England 8 Iohannes de Sacro Bosco the Author of the Book of the Spher and 9 Roger Bacon a noted Mathematician in the darker times 10 Sir Francis Bacon the learned Viscount of S. Albans of whom more hereafter 11 Sr. Tho. More Lord Chancellor one of the Restorers of Learning to the Isle of great Britain 12 Sr. Henry Savil of Eaton the reviver
Iohn expelled the invading French out of England and by a Composition with King Lewis the 9th was restored unto the Dukedom of â—â—yenne held by his Successors till the reign of K. Henry the sixt Exhausted by the Pope and oppressed a long time by his factious and unruly Barons but at last victorious 56. 1274. 9 Edward the Sonne of Henry awed France subdued Wales brought Scotland into subjection of whose King and Nobility he received homage 34. 1308. 10 Edward II. Sonne of Edward the first a dissolute Prince hated of the Nobles and contemned by the vulgar for his immeasurable love to Pierce Gaveston and the Sâ—eucers was twice shamefully beaten by the Scots and being deposed by a strong Faction raised against him by his Queen and Roger Lord Mortimer was barbarously murdered in Barkley Castle 19. 1327. 11 Edward III. Sonne of Edward the 2d a most vertuous and valorous Prince brought the Scots to obedience overthrew the French in two great Battails took the Town of Callice and many fair Possessions in that Kingdom 50. 1377. 12 Richard II. another of our unfortunate Kings lost many of his Peeces in France and at last being over-awed by his two great Vncles of Lâ—ncaster and Glecester and taken Prisoner by his Cosin the Duke of Hereford he was forced to resign his Crown and afterwards was murdered at Pomfret Castle The Lancastrian Line 1399. 13 Henry IV. Sonne to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster the fourth Sonne to Edward the 3d was by the power of the Sword but with the consent of the people setled in the Throne and spent his whole Reign in suppressing home-bred Rebellions 15. 1414. 14. Henry V. the mirrour of Magnificence and Pattern of true vertue pursued the Title of France and won it being ordained Heir apparent to the French Crown but lived not to possesse it 9. 1423. 15 Henry VI. a pious but unfortunate Prince was crowned K. of France in Paris which he held during the life of his Vncle Iohn of Bedford and Humphrey of Glocester after whose deaths he not only lost France to the French but England and his life to the Yorkish Faction 38. The Yorkish Line 1461. 16 Edward IV. Sonne of Richard Duke of York the Sonne of Richard Earl of Cambridge and Grand-Sonne of Edmund of Langley Duke of York the fift Sonne of King Edward the third challenged the Crown in right of the Lady Anne his Grandmother Daughter of Roger Mortimer Earl of March the Sonne of Edmund Mortimer Earl of March and of Philippa his Wife sole Daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence the third Sonne of the said King Edward and Elder Brother of Iohn of Gaunâ— The claim first set on foot by his Father the Duke of York who lost his life in pursuance of it at the Battail of Wakefeild with better fortune and success pursued by King Edward himself who finally after 9 bloody Battails fought between the Houses especially that of Towton in which were slain 36000 English was quickly seated in the possession of England and Ireland 23. 1484. 17 Edward V. his Sonne was before his Coronation murdered by his Vncle Richard in the Tower of London 1484. 18 Richard III. Brother of Edward the 4th a most wicked and tyrannicall Prince to make way unto the Diadem murdered King Henry the 6th and Prince Edward his Sonne 3. George Duke of Clarence his Brother 4 Hastings a saithfull servant to King Edward 5 Rivers Vaughan and Grey the Queens kindred 6 Edward the 5th his Soveraign with his young Cousin Richard 7 Henry Duke of Buckingham his dear Friend and greatest Coadjutor in these his ungodly Practices and his Wife Anne so to make way to an incestuous mariage with his Neece Elizabeth the Eldest Daughter of Edward the 4th but before the solemnity he was slain at Bosworth 3. The Vnion of the Families 1487 19 Henry VII Earl of Richmund Heir to the House of Lancaster as Sonne of Margaret Daughter of Iohn Duke of Somerset Sonne of Iohn Earl of Somerset Sonne of Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster after the overthrow of Richard maried Elizabeth Daughter and Heir to Edward 4th uniting by that mariage the divided Families He was also extracted from the British and French Royall blood as being Sonne to Edmund â—ndor Earl of Richmund Sonne to Owen Tudor descended from Cadwalladar the last of the Britans and Katharine of France Widdow of Henry the 5th His whole wars was against home-bred Rebels the chief being Lambert and the Followers and Fautors of Perken Warbeck 23. 1509. 20 Henry VIII Heir to both Families between which were fought for the Diadem 17 pitched Feids in which perished 8 Kings and Princes 40 Dukes Marquesses and Earls 200000 of the common people besides Barons and Gentlemen This King banished the usurped Supremacie of the Popes and began the Reformation of Religion though formerly he had writ a Book against Luther for which the Pope gave him the honourable Title oâ— The Defender of the Faith afterwards made Hereditarie by Act of Parliament to his Heirs and Successors A Prince of great vices but or greater vertues 38. 1547. 21 Edward VI. the Sonne of Henry the 8th by Iane Seymour his 3d Wife out of whose womb he was fain to be cut to come into the World as Caesar was but he had neither Caesars Fortune nor length of life dying very young and his affairs conducted by divided Counsels though otherwise of great hopes and of a pregnancie of judgement above his yeers 6. 1553. 22 Mary the Daughter of King Henry the 8th by Katharine of Spain the Widow of his Brother Arthur restored the Popes Supremacy banished by her Father with the whole mass of Popery abolished in her Brothers Reign To which Religion so addicted that in the short time of her Reign there was more blood shed than in the whole 44 yeers of her Sister Elizabeth In the last yeer of her Reign she lost Calice to the French which proved the loss of her life also as it was supposed 5. 1558. 23 Elizabeth the Daughter of King Henry the 8th by the Ladie Anne Bullein his second Wife a most gracious and Heroick Princess was by the divine providence of God preserved from the practices of her Enemies in her Sisters reign to sway the Scepter of the kingdom She pursued the Reformation of Religion begun in the times of her Father and Brother refined the corrupt coin brought in by her Father furnished the Royall Navy with all kind of warlike Ammunitions encreased the Revenue of the Universities by the Statute of Provisions succoured the Scots against the French the French Protestants against the Papists and both against the Spaniard defended the Netherlands against the attempts of Spain commanded the whole Ocean entred League with the Moscovite and was famous for her prudence and government amongst the â—urks Persians and Tartars yea her very Enemies Finally she died in the 45 yeer of her reign and the 70th of her life on the 24th of
all Germany within the Rhene together with the Belgick Provinces before described the Counties of Flanders and Artois excepted only the Kingdome of Germany taking up the rest For by Ludovicus Pius the son of Charles the great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many members as Italie France Burgundie Lorrain and Germany distributed amongst his sons and nephews with the title of Kings By means whereof the Kingdomes of Germany and Lorrain united in the person of Lewis the Ancient in little time were alien'd from the house of Charles and left off to be French possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxonie Schwaben and Bavaria by whom dismembred into many principalities and inferiour states all passing under the accompt and name of the Dutch or Germans The Kings and Emperours of which here follow The KINGS and EMPEROURS of GERMANIE Anno Chr. 801 1 Charles the Great Emp. K. of France and Germanie 815 2 Ludovicus Pius King of France Germanie and Emperour of the Romans 841 3 Lewis surnamed the Ancient second son of Ludovious Pius King of Germanie to which anno 876. he united that of Lorrain also 4 Charles the Grosse son of Lewis the Ancient reigned joyntly with Caroloman and Lewis his elder Brethren after their deaths sole King of Germany Anno 880. he succeeded Ludovicus vitus Baâ—bus in the title of Emperour continued unto his Successours and during the minoritie of Charls the Simple by a faction of the French Nobility was chosen King of France the whole estate of Charls the Great becoming once again united in the person of one Soveraign Prince 891 5 Arnulph the naturall son of Caroloman the brother of Charls King of Germanie and Emp. 903 6 Lewis or Ludovicus IV. Lewis the brother of Charls and Caroloman being reckoned for one King of Germanie and Emperour 913 7 Conrade the son of Conrade the brother of Lewis the 4. the last Prince of the issue of Charls the Great After whose death the Francones and Saxons seeing Charls the Simple King of France overlaid by the Normans took that advantage to transferre the Empire to themselves and they made choice of Henry Duke of Saxony to be their Emperour A worthy Prince by whom some Nations of the Sclaves the Hungarians and part of Lorrain were subdued or added to the Empire 920 6 Henricus surnamed Auceps or the Fowler Duke of Saxonie 12. 938 9 Otho surnamed the Great the son of Henry Emperour and King of Italie 36. 974 10 Otho II. son of Otho the first Emperour and King of Italie 10. 984 11 Otho III. son of Otho the 2. Duke of Saxonie and the last of that house which had the title of Emperour and King of Italie After whose death all right of succession being disclaimed the Emperours became Elective but for the most part wholly ingrossed or Monopolized since the Failer of the house of Saxonie by the Dukes of Franconia Suevia Bavaria and Austria notwithstanding the libertie or freedom of Election pretended to by the Electors The businesse first projected in the Court of Rome to make the Emperours lesse powerfull and distract the Germans whom they feared into sides and factions confirmed by a decree of Pope Gregory the fifth being a Native of that Country The Electors only six in number that is to say 1. The Archbishop of Mentz Chancellour of the Empire 2. The Archbishop of Colen Chancellour of Italie 3. The Archbishop of Triers Chancellour of France 4. The Count Palatine of the Rhene Arch-Sewer 5. The Duke of Saxonie Lord Marshall And 6. The Marquesse of Brandâ—nburg Lord Chamberlain Upon equalitie of voices the Duke but now King of Bohemia was to come in for the 7. who by Office was to be Cup-bearer at the Coronation For upon Coronation dayes or dayes of like solemnitie these Offices are performed only and then performed in this manner Before the Palace gate standeth an heap of Oats so high that it reacheth to the brest of the horse on which the Duke of Saxonie rideth bearing in his hand a silver wand and a silver measure both which together weigh 200 marks then sitting still upon his horse he filleth up the measure with oates sticketh his wand in the Remainder delivereth the measure of Oats to some of his servants which stand next him and so attendeth the Emperour into the Court. The Emperour being entred and sate down at the Table the three spirituall Electors standing orderly together say Grace before him Then cometh the Marquesse of Brandenburg on horse-back also with a silver basin in his hand full of water the basin of the weight of 12 marks of silver and a fine clean towell on his arm which alighting down he holdeth forth unto the Emperour Then comes the Count Palatine of the Rhene mounted on his horse with four silver Platters full of meat every one of the weight of three marks which alighting also he carrieth and setteth down upon the table And finally the Duke or King of Bohemia on horse-back as the others were with a Napkin on his Arm and a covered cup of the weight of 12 marks entreth the Great-hall alighteth from his horse and giveth the cup unto the Emperour to drink But we must know that these services are seldome or never especially of late times performed by the Electours in person It is enough if they send their Embassadours to do it or substitute some one or other of the Emperours Court to perform it for them The election is usually holden at Francfort on Maenus whither the Electours or their deputies come upon the day appointed by the Bishop of Ments whose office it is to assemble the Princes In their passage into Francfort they are guarded by every Prince through whose territories they passe Their attendants must not exceed the number of 200 horse-men whereof 50 only must be armed When they are all met they goe to 8. Bartholomews Church where after Masse said the spiritual Electors laying their hands on their breast and the temporall on the book shal swear to choose a fit temporall head for the people of Christendom If in the space of 30 days they have not agreed then must they eat nothing but bread and water nor by any means go out of the citie til the greater part have agreed on a man who shall forthwith be acknowledged King of the Romans The Election being finished the partie chosen the inauguration was anciently holden 1. at Aken in Gulick where the new elected Emperor received the silver crown for Germany 2. at Millain where he received his iron crown for Lombardie 3. at Rome where he received the golden crown for the Empire But those journeys unto Rome and Millain have been long laid by the Emperours holding their Election to be strong enough to make good their Title to that honour being meerly titular The form of which Election the priviledges of the Princes Electours and other fundamentall constitutions of the German Empire we find summed up in the
with the famous Rivers of the Rhene and the Neccar Chief Towns hereof 1. Mâ—spach a pretty neat town on the banks of the Neccar and a Prefecture not far from the borders of Wirtenberg 2. Ladenberg neer the influx of the same River into the Rhene the moiety whereof was bought by Rupertus Emperour and Palatine of the Earls of Hohenloe anno 1371. the other moiety belonging to the Bishop of Wormes 3. Winhâ—ime a small town not far from Ladeberg belonging once to the Arch-bishop of Mentz but on some controversie arising about the title adjudged unto the said Rupertus and his heires for ever 4. Scriessen in the same tract well seated but not very large sold with the Castle of Straluberg to the said Rupertus by Sifride or Sigifride of Straluberg the right heir thereof anno 1347. 5. Heidelberg on the right shore of the Neccar going down the water compassed on three sides with Mountains and lying open onely towards the West which makes the air hereof to be very unhealthy The chief beauty of it lyeth in one long street extended in length from East to West on the South-east side whereof is a fair and pleasant Market-place and not far off a very high mountain called Koningstall that is to say the Kingly Seat upon the middle ascent whereof is the Castle where the Princes Electours use to keep their Courts and on the very summit or top thereof the ruines of an old Tower blown up with gun-powder A town of no great bignesse nor very populous there being but one Church in it which was used in the time of my Author for Prayer and Preaching the rest being either ruined or imployed unto other uses if not repaired again since the Spaniards became masters of it for more frequent Masses Howsoever it hath the reputation of being the chief City of this Palatinate not long since furnished with a great and gallant Library which for choice and number of Books especially Manuscripts was thought not to be fellowed in all Europe till matched if not over-matched by the famous Bodleian Library of Oxford most of them to the great prejudice of the Protestant cause being carryed to Rome and other places of that party when the town was taken by the Spaniards anno 1620. Finally for the town it self it was once part of the possessions of the Bishop of Wormes from whom it was taken by the Palatines it is now famous for being the seat of the Palsgraves the sepulchre of Rodolphus Agricola and for an University founded by the Emperour and Palatine Rupertus anno 1346. 6. Baccharach on the banks of Rhene so called quasi Bacchi ara for the excellent wines 7. Coub on the other side of the water near unto which is the old and fair Castle called Psalts from whence the name Psalts-grave or Palsgrave seemeth to some to have been derived 8. Openheim a strong town which together with Keisers Lauterne and Ingelheim were given to the Palatines by Wenceslaus and after setled on them by Rupertus the Emperour and Palatine for 100000 Florens anno 1402. 9. Cruintznacke called antiently Stauronesus 10. Frankendale lately a Monastery onely but being peopled by such of the Netherlands which to avoid the fury of Duke Alva fled hither is now a town of principall strength 11. Germersheim and 12. Manheim a well fortified town seated on the confluence of Rhene and Neccar On the Eastern part of the Country standeth 13 Laden situate on the little River Tiberus the furthest bound of the Palatinate towards the North-east there adâ—oyning to the rest of Frankenland And on the west side the Townes of 14 Newstat 15 Keisars Lautern in Latine called Caesarea Lutra once a town Imperiall from which and from its situation on the River Luter it received this name 16. Sweibrueken the title of a younger house of the â—saltsgraves whom the Latine writers call Prinâ—lpes Bipontani the French the Princes of Deuxponâ—s 17. Sinâ—neren on the north-west point of it where it meets with the District of Triers the title of another Branch of the Palatine Family called the Dukes of Sinâ—neren In all there are contained within this Palatinate 24 walled Towns and 12 fair Palaces of the Prince most of which they have added to their estate within little more then 400 yeers Such excellent managers have they been of their own estates so potent in ordering the affaires of the Empire both in war and peace and so ingrafled themselves into the most noble Families of Germany that I may well say with Irenicus Non est alia Germaniae familia cui plus debeat nobilitas Within the limits of this Country and intermingled with the lands of the Princes Palatine are the Bishopricks of Spires and Wormes both ancient and of great Revenue but feudataries for a great part of their estates to these Electors Of these more towards the head of the Rhene stands the City of Spires by Ptolomy called Neâ—magus from the newnesse of the building when that name was given by Antoninus Civitas Nemetum from the Nemetes who possessed this tract and sometimes Spira by which name it doth still continue A town Imperiall and antiently a Bishops See Tessis the Bishop hereof subscribing to the Acts of the Councell of Colen anno 347. A neat Town and very delectably seated Of great resort by reason of the Imperiall Chamber the soveraign Court of Judicature of all the Empire capable of Appeals from the Tribunals of all the Princes and free States thereof A Court which first followed the Emperour in all his Removes as antiently the Kings Bench in England by Maximilian the Emperour first made Sedentary and fixt at Frankfort removed after to Wormes and finally to this City by Charles the fift Sufficiently famous in that the name of Protestants was here taken up given to the Princes and free Cities following the Reformed Religion upon their legall Protestation here exhibited More down the water in the same shore thereof stands the City of Wormes one of those built upon the Rhene for defence of Gaul against the Germans by Ptolomy called Borbegomagus by Antonine Civitas Wormensis whence the modern name but generally Civitas Vangionum from the Vangiones the old inhabitants of those parts whose chief City it was A town Imperiall as the former and a See Episcopall as that is and as ancient too Victor the Bishop hereof subscribing to the Acts of the Councel of Colen before mentioned A town to be observed for the first appearance which Luther made before Charles the fift the Imperiall Chamber then being holden in this City who being disswaded from that journey by some of his friends returned this resolute answer to them That goe he would though there were as many devills in the town as there were tiles on the houses Chief towns belonging to these Bishops are 1 Vdenheim a town belonging to the Bishop of Spires whose residence it sometimes is conveniently seated for the command of the Country and therefore upon some
Kingdome of whom we shall say more in the close of all first taking a survey of the Baltick Ilands and such Provinces on the main land of Scandia as properly make up the Kingdome of Denmark 2 The BALTICK ILANDS The BALTICK ILANDS are in number 35. and are so called because they lie dispersed in the Baltick Ocean At this day it is called by the Germans De Oost zee antiently by some Mare Suevicum by Pomponius Mela Sinus Codanus by Strabo Sinus Venedicus but generally Mare Balticum because the great Peninsula of Scandia within which it is was by some Writers of the middle and darker times called Balthia It beginneth at the narrow passage called the Sound and interlacing the Countries of Denmark Sweden Germany and Poland extendeth even to Livonia and Lituania The reasons why this sea being so large doth not ebbe and flow are 1 the narrownesse of the strait by which the Ocean is let into it and 2 the Northern situation of it whereby the Celestiall Influences have lesse power upon it The principall of this great shole of Ilands are 1 Seland 2 Fuinen or Fionia 3 Langeland 4 Lawland 5 Falstre 6 Azze 7 Alen 8 Tosinge 9 Wheen 10 Fimera and 11 Bornholim Some others of lesse note we shall onely name and so passe them over 1 SELAND the greatest Iland of the Baltick Seas is situate neer the main land of Scandia from which parted by a narrow Strait or Fretum not above a Dutch mile in breadth commonly called by the name of the Sundt or Sound A Straight thorow which all ships that have any trading to or from the Baltick must of necessity take their course all other passages being barred up with impassable Rocks or otherwise prohibited by the Kings of Denmark upon forfeiture of all their goods So that being the onely safe passage which these Seas afford one may sometimes see two or three hundred Ships in a day passe thorow it all which pay a toll or imposition to the King according to their bils of lading And to secure this passage and command all Passengers there are two strong Castles the one in Scandia called Helsinbourg whereof more anon the other in this Iland which is called Croneberg But before we come unto this Castle we must view the other parts of the Iland being in length two dayes journey and almost as much in breadth the soil so fertile that without any manuring or charge at all it yeildeth plenty of all necessaries for the life of man It was anciently called Codonania and containeth in it 15 Cities or walled Townes and 12 Royall Castles The principall whereof are 1 Hassen or Hafnia the Metropolis of the Ilands by the Dutch called Copenhagen or the Haven of Merchants situate near the Sea with an handsome Port the Isle of Amager which lyeth on the East-side of the Town making a very safe road for all kindes of shipping The town of an orbicular forme and reasonably well fortified but the buildings mean for the most part of clay and timber onely to be commended for a spacious Market-place Yet herein as the chief town of all the Kingdome and situate in the heart of these dominions is the Palace Royall built of Free stone in form of a Quadrangle but of no great beauty or magnificence Most memorable for the Vniversity here founded by Henry or Ericus the ninth but perfected by King Christiern the first by whom and the succeeding Princes liberally endowed 2 Fredericksburg amongst woods of Beech built for a place of pleasure by Frederick the second where the King hath a fine House and a little Park in which amongst other forein Beasts are some fallow Deer transported hither out of England in the 24 year of Queen Elizabeth 3 Roschild not walled but counted for a City as a See Episcopall the Bishops whereof have anciently had the honour of Crowning and inaugurating the Kings of Danemark In the Cathedrall Church whereof are to be seen the Tombs of many of the Danish Kings some of them very fair and sumptuous the most mean and ordinary 4 Sore of old times beautified with a goodly Monastery the Revenues whereof at the alteration of Religion were converted to the maintenance of a Free-Schoole built here by Frederick the first But in the yeer 1623 Christiern the fourth adding hereunto the Revenues of two other dissolved Monasteries the one in the I le of Lawland and the other in Juitland founded here a new Vniversity for the greater supply of learned Ministers for the Churches of Denmark and Norway which before could not be provided for out of Copenhagen and furnished it with men of eminence in all Arts and Sciences for its first Professours 5 Elsinure or Helsingore a village onely but much frequented by Sea-faring men as their ships passe by the Sound upon which it is Near unto which is 6 the strong and magnificent Castle of Croneberg built with incredible charge and paineâ— by King Frederick the second the foundation of it being laid on huge stones sunk into the Sea and so fastned together that no storme or tempest how violent soever is able to shake it Well fortified as well as founded and mixt of a Palace and a Fort being since the first building of it the most constant residence of the Kings of Danemark who from hence may easily discern each ship which sailes thorow the Sundt each of which addeth more or lesse unto his Revenues A profitable and pleasing prospect By the Commodity of this and the opposite Castle the King doth not onely secure his Customes but very much strengthen his Estate the Castles being so near and the Strâ—it so narrow that by the addition of some few Ships he may keep the greatest Navy that is from passing by him Unto the Government and Jurisdiction of this Iland belong many others the principall whereof are 1 Amigria or Amagger which helpes to make up the Port or Road of Copenhagen spoken of before planted with Hollanders brought hither by the procurement of Christiern the second 2 Mund or Moem-land the chief town whereof is called Stegoe 3 Huene or WHEEN a little South of Croneberg Castle a Dutch mile in length but not quite so broad remarkable onely for the studies of that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe to whom Frederick the second gave this Iland that living in a private and solitary place removed from all company but his own Family onely he might with more convenience attend his Books At this day most observable for the Castle of Vranopolis or Vrenbourg in which the greatest part of his Mathematicall instruments are preserved in safety III. FIONIA or FVINEN the second Iland of accompt in all the Baltick is situate betwixt Seland and Juitland from which last parted by a Strait called Middelfar Sundt so narrow and of so small a Sea that the Iland and the Chersonese seemed joyned together A Country of a pleasant and delightfull situation and as fruitfull withall containing twelve Dutch miles in length
have accompanied the Vandals in their on-fals into Gaul and Spain Of any expedition of theirs crosse the Baltick seas neâ—gry quidem nothing to be found in more antient Authors We must therefore reserve the originall of this people either to the Suiones or the Suethidi or perhaps to both both being antiently setled in these Northern Regions Of the Suiones wee read in the booke of Tacitus inscribed De Moribus Germanorum by whom reported to be strong in men armour and shipping and that they were inhabitants of Scandia appeares by two circumstances in that Authour 1 That the people were not permitted to weare weapons quia subitos hostium incursus prohibet Oceanus because the Ocean was to them a sufficient Rampart which could not be affirmed of the antient Suevians but agreeth very well with the situation of this present Countrey defended by the baltick and vast Northern Ocean from the sudden assaults of any enemy 2. Because the Sea which hemmed in that people was conceived to be the utmost bound of the World trans Suiones 〈◊〉 quo cingi claudique terrarum orbis fines as his words there are which wee know to hold good of this Countrey Adde unto these this passage of the old Annals of the Emperour Lewis the second where it is told us of the Danes 〈◊〉 patria apud Suiones exulabant that they were banished into the countrey of the Suâ—ones which cannot so well be understood of any place as of this Sweden being next neighbour unto Denmark And 4 that this people both by Munster and Crantzius are as well called Suiones as Suâ—â—i or Sueâ—i which sheweth what they conceived of their true Originall Then for the Suethans or the 〈◊〉 whom Jornandes speaks of in his book Deâ—ebus Gâ—ticiâ— they are by him placed in the Isle of Scandia for such this great 〈◊〉 was esteeâ—ed to be by most antient writers Now that these Suethidi are no other then the present Suethlanders appeareth 1. by the propinquity of the names 2 In that he maketh the Finni and Finnaithae the next neighbours to them and 3 in that they are affirmed by the same Authour to have furnished the Romans with rich Furs and the skins oâ— wilde Beasts with which commodities this countrey is aboundantly well stored Now to which of these two Nations either the Suiones or the Suethidi those of Sweden are most endebted for their originall will I conceive be no great controversie the Suethans and Suethidi of Jornandes being no other then a tribe of the Suiones though the greatest and most powerfull of all those triles placed therefore in the front to command the rest and so most like to give the name unto the whole Their government was antiently under Kings affirmed so to be by Tacitus who telleth us also that they were absolute and free nullis exceptionibus non precario jure regnandi not bound in Câ—venant with their people nor holding their Estates at the will of the Subject But their Historians have gone for Antiquity hereof beyond the story of Brute or the Trojan warre beyond which very few of that strain have dared to pretend as high as unto Magog the son of Japhet reigning here within 90 years after the flood But letting passe these dreams and dotages of the Monkish times certain it is that sometimes they were under the Danes sometimes under the Norwegians sometimes had distinct Kings of their owne and finally sometimes were comprehended with the Danes and Norwegians under the generall name of Normans conducted by one King or Captain upon forain actions Omitting therefore the succession of their former kings of whose very being there is cause to make great question we will begin our Catalogue of them with Jermanicus who entertained Harald King of Denmark and his brother Regenfride driven out of that kingdome by Gottricus or Godfrey the Contemporary of Charlemagne of whose successours Munster giveth us more certainty The KINGS of SWEDEN 1 Jermanicus 2 Frotho 3 Herotus 4 Sorlus 5 Biornus 6 Wichsertus 7 Ericus 8 Ostenus 9 Sturbiornus 10 Ericus II. 11 Olaus 12 Edmundus 13 Stinkalis 14 Halsienus 15 Animander 16 Aquinus 17 Magnus 1150 18 Sherco 13. 1160 19 Carolus 8. 1168 20 Canutus 54. 1222 21 Ericus III. 27. 1249 22 Bingerius 2. 1251 23 Waldemarus 26. 1277 24 Mognus II. 13. 1290 25 Birgerius II. 23. 1313 26 Magnus III. son to Ericus the brother of Byrgerius was also chosen King of Norwey 1326 27 Magnus IV. King of Sweden and Norwey which last he gave in his life time to Hayvin or Aquinus his second son and after the death of Ericus his eldest son his designed successour in this Crown was outed of this kingdome by the practise of 1463 28 Albert Duke of Mecklenburg son of Euphemia the sister of Magnus the fourth to the prejudice of Aquinus king of Denmark and Norwey made King of Sweden on that quarrell vanquished by Margaret Queen of Denmark and Norwey widow of Aquinus anno 1387. to whom desirous of liberty he resigned his Kingdom and dyed in his own countrey anno 1407. 1387 29 Margaret Queen of Denmark Sweden and Norwey the Semiramis of Germany having united the three Kingdomes under her command caused an Act of State to be passed in Colmar a chiefe town of Swethland for the perpetuation of this union unto her successours the Lawes and Priviledges of each Kingdome continuing as before they were 1411 30 Ericus IV. Duke of Pomeren adopted by Margaret of whose sister Ingelburgis he was descended was in her life time chosen King of the three Kingdomes into which he succeeds actually after her decease but outed of them all by a strong faction raised against him anno 1439. he dyed in a private estate in Pomeren anno 1559. 1439 31 Christopher Count Palatine and Duke of Bavier in title only son of the Lady Margaret sister of Ericus succeeded in all three Kingdomes After whose death the Swethlanders being weary of the Danish Government broke the agreement made at Colmar for the uniting of the three Kingdomes under one Prince and chose one Carolus Caâ—utus to be their King anno 1448. 1448 32 Carolus Canutus one of the meanest of the Nobility and not long pleasing to the great ones whose displeasure when he had incurred and feared the consequents thereof hee gathereth together all the treasure he could fled unto Dantzick and there ended his dayes 1455 33 Christiern King of Denmark and Norwey called in by a party of the Swedes and crowned King of Swethland but outed againe under colour that he had not kept conditions with them the kingdome governed after that for a time by Marshals 1458 34 John King of Denmark and Norwey the sonne of Christiern received king by the Swedes then overpowered by the Muscovite but their turne being served they expelled him againe returning to their former government under Marshals Of which Marshals descended from Steno Stur the Uncle of Carolus Canutus by his Mothers side there were three in
heaps of silver and other moneys 2 Lipsius relateth how Benjamin a Jew in his discourse of Europe saith that the custome due to the Emperours out of the victuals and merchandize sold at Constantinople only did amount to 20000 crowns daily 3 We find that at the sack of Constantinople there was found an invaluable masse of gold silver plate and jewels besides that which was hid in the earth For so the covetous Citizens chose rather to employ their wealth then afford any part of it to the Emperour who with tears in his eyes went from door to door to beg and borrow mony wherewith he might wage more souldiers for the desence of the town The arms of the Empire were Mars a crosse Sol between four Greek Beta's of the second the four Beta's signifying as Bodin saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It may perchance be expected that we should here make an additionall Catalogue of those Turkish Emperours who have reigned in Constantinople since the taking of it and being they are possessed of Greece and do now inhabit it that we should here also speak of the Turks themselves their customs forces policies originall and proceedings But the discourse of those things we intend to reserve for Turcomania a Province of Asia from whence they made their first inundation into Persia and afterwards into other parts of the world now subject to them the only Province which retains any thing of their name And though the Peninsula called anciently Taurica Chersonesus now part of Tartaria Prâ—â—opensis be within the bounds of Europe also yet we will deserre the description and story of it till we come to the affairs of the Tartars and will here conclude our discourse of Europe and prepare for Asia And so much for GREECE the last of the Provinces of EUROPE A TABLE OF THE LONGITUDE and LATITUDE OF THE CHIEF TOWNS and CITIES Mentioned in this BOOK A  Long. Lat. AMsterdam 27.39 52.40 Antwerp 24.30 51.48 Athens 46.10 40 Ausburg 32.30 48.20 Aulona 51.20 41.30 Arras 24. 51 Anslo 36.30 59.20 B BAmberg 39.15 50.10 Belgrade 45 47.40 Bergen 34.16 61.25 Bern 29.45 46.25 Brandenburg 35.30 52.36 Breme 30.20 53.23 Bruges 24.36 51.30 Brunswick 32.40 52.30 Brussels 26.42 51.24 Buda 42 47.20 Boden 52.30 45.30 Bornholm 40.50 55.30 C CLeve 29.35 51.58 Constantinople 56 43.5 Confsluentz 27.30 50.30 Constance 28.30 47.30 Copenhagen 34.50 56 Corinth 54.20 39 Colen 27.40 51 Cracow 42.40 50.12 Cephalone 52 38.30 Casan 96.10 35.10 Corfu 42 39.30 D DAntzick 45 54.50 Darsaw 63 48.40 Deventer 33.25 51.50 Dort 26 52 Doway 25 51 Dresden 36 51.3 E EMden 28.26 53.34 Erford 34.30 51.10 Elsenore 36.30 57 F FLensberg 36.40 55 Franeker 27 54 Frankford ad Moen 30 50.30 Frankford ad Oderam 24 52.30 Friburg 20 48.1 G GLogaw 43.50 51.25 Gran 42.30 48 Gratz 34 48 Grodesk 56.30 51.30 Gaunt 30.20 50.40 Guesna 42 52.40 Groyningen 32.10 53 H HAdersleve 35.5 60.50 Hallar 3 67.14 Halberstat 32.40 52.10 Heidelberg 28 49.35 Hamburg 30 54.30 I JEne 34 52 Ingolstad 32.10 48.40 Inspruch 32.50 44.55 Juliers 27.30 52 L LArissa 70 33 Leige 22 50.50 Leopolis 52.50 49 Lipsich 30.30 51.20 Lubeck 31.20 54.48 Lucern 29.53 46.42 Lunemburg 32.18 53.27 Luden 26 53 Luxenburg 28 50 M MAgdeburg 37.50 52.18 Marpurg 30.10 51 Mentz 27.30 50.30 Metz 27.40 49.9 Madleburg 25 52 Minden 31.30 52.58 Munchen 32.50 48 Munster 29.10 52 Montz 26 51 Mosco 70.30 55.40 Melvin 48 54.50 N NAncie 28.45 49.20 Norlingen 33 49 Nurenberg 31.30 49.30 Nimmegen 28 52 Novogrod Magn. 62.50 60.30 Novogrod Infer 80 55.20 Nicopolis 56.30 40 Negropont 56.10 41 S. Nicolas 69 64 O OLmuntz 41 40.30 Osnabrug 29.36 52.29 â—â—ant 43.30 57 P PRague 39.15 50.10 Preslaw 46 51.10 Pasnaw 42 52.48 Presburg 40 48.26 Plescow 59.10 59 Pechora 66.50 67 Pernow 53.30 58.40 Plâ—tzcow 57.30 57.40 R RAb 40.35 48.50 Ragusi 44.40 42.30 Regeâ—berg 32.15 48.59 Rostoch 34.18 54.20 Rustow 72.50 57 Rugen 40.20 55.10 Râ—ga 53.30 58 Regiment 49.10 55.30 S SAltsburg 35.40 47.40 Schalholt 3.14 65.42 Schleâ—stat 28.6 48.22 Sleswick 31.20 55.15 Spires 27.40 49.20 Stetin 37.40 54 Stockholm 42 60.15 Sibiore 99.20 59.30 Slowada 86.30 58.50 Strasburg 27.50 48.44 Stagira 55.30 43.30 T THessalonica 53.40 44.20 Triers 26 49.30 Trent 33.40 45.20 Tubing 30.30 48.40 T wer 68.10 57.10 U VAlenciennes 26.29 50.10 Ulme 32.30 48.20 Vienna 37.45 48.20 Vilna 54.30 55 Upsal 40.30 60.52 Vsting 79.30 61.30 Vtrecht 27.33 52.10 Vicegrod 61.30 51.30 Vesalia 31.30 51.30 W Wiburg 55.58 63.6 Witteberg 35.10 50.55 Wismar 33.30 54.14 Wologda 74.30 60 Wormes 28 49.45 Woortzburg 30.10 49.57 Wardhuys 50.30 70.30 Z ZAra 46.25 45.40 Zemla Nova 83.30 74 The End of the second Book The Emendation of the chief Errata in this second Book FOl. 9. l. 14 for Bern r. Pern 12. 55. for Porter r. Prior 21. 64. for 142 r. 1421 fol. 22. 7. for Over-water r. Oudewater ib. 28. for Alemar r. Alkmar 24. 44. for Soferes r. Bofereres 33. 35. for S. Luys r. Sluys 45. 62. for battels r. broils 56. 8. for Halto r. Hatto 42. 37. for Cretius r. Cetius 61. 3. for Gebwiser r. Gebwiler ib. 17. for Malz-munster r. Masz-Munster 75 30. for Tega r. Teya 76. 17. for Richard the 3. r. Richard the 1. 78. 22. for Ostaar r. Ottacar 79. 34. for holy r. whole 80. 7. for have r. being 83. 31. for Provinces r. Princes 93. 15. for Antonius r. Antoninus 98. 34. for street r. strait 101. 59. for Woods r. Woâ—d 107. 14. for Persia r. Tartarie ib. 16. for Pasacasons r. Sacasons ib. 35. for regent r. present 117. 5. for in time r. infinite 124. 12. r. also added 137. 7 8. d. Knight of the Garter 152. 3. for pleasure r. displeasure 157. 4. for son r. successour 154. 15. for 1600 r. 600. 161. 53. for weak r. weaker 172. 6. for from r. five 178. 24. for only and r. and only 179. 62. for 100000 r. 10000 180. 39. for all the time r. till the time ib. 44. for all r. at 183. 59. for ulns r. vines 187. 66. for Hungari r. Hunugari 186. 56. for 200 r. 206 192. 11. d. which ib. 17. d. whole 193. 52. for East parts with r. East parts of ib. 56. for are in it r. in it are 201. 16. for subdued r. subducted 206. 12. for The other work The other was the work ib. 20. d. up 210. 412. for Persian r. Asian 214. 7. for Scominus r. Scombrus 217. 6. for Cynus r. Cyrus 221. 11. for Conro r. Coron 222. 3. for of which r. which of 224. 29. for mutually r. finally 225. 65. for this being r. that being 228. 29. for Macedon r. Modone 235. 54. for Attica r. Achaia 237. 57. for into r. up in COSMOGRAPHIE The Third Book CONTAINING THE CHOROGRAPHIE and HISTORIE OF THE LESSER and GREATER ASIA AND ALL THE PRINCIPALL Kingdomes Provinces Seas and Isles thereof By PETER HEYLIN JUSTIN HIST. I. 1. Imperium Asyrii qui postea Syri dictisunt annos
MCCC tenuerunt Imperium ab Asyriis ad Medos Arbaces transfert SENECA EPIST. 17. Omnes quae usquam rerum potiuntur urbes ubi fuerint aliquando quaeretur vario exitii genere tollentur LONDON Printed for Henry Seile 1652. ASIAE Descriptio Nova Impensis HENRICI SEILE JohanÌ„ Goddard sculpÌ„ 1652 COSMOGRAPHIE The Third Book CONTAINING THE CHOROGRAPHIE and HISTORIE of the Lesser and Greater ASIA And all the principall Kingdomes Provinces Seas and Isles thereof OF ASIA ASIA is bounded on the West with the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas the Hellespont Propontis Thracian Bosphorus and the Euxine Sea the Palus Maeotis the Rivers Tanais and Duina a line being drown from the first of the two said Rivers unto the other by all which parted from Europe On the North it hath the main Scythick Ocean on the East the Streits of Aman if such there be the Indian Ocean and Mare Del Zur by which separated from America on the South the Mediterranean or that part of it which is called the Carpathian washing the shores of Anatolia and the main Southern Ocean passing along the Indian Persian and Arabian coasts and finally on the South-west the Red Sea or Bay of Arabia by which parted from Africk Environed on all sides with the Sea or some Sea-like Rivers except a narrow Isthmus in the South-west which joynes it to Africk and the space of ground whatsoever it be betwixt Duina and Tanais on the North-west which unites it to Europe It took this name as some will have it from Asia the daughter of Oceanus and Thetis the wife of Japetus by him mother to Prometheus as others say from Asius the son of Atis a King of Lydia from whence that Conntrey first afterwards all Anaâ—olia or Asia Minor and finally the whole Continent had the name of Asia Others again but more improbably derive the name from Asius the Philosopher who gave the Palladium unto the Trojans in memory whereof that Countrey first and after the whole Continent did receive this name But these Originations being very uncertain Bochartus out of his great affection to the Punick or Phoenician language will have it called so from Asiâ— a Phanician word signifying Mâ—aium or the middle because Anatolia or the Lesser Asia which gives name as he conceiveth to the Greater also lieth in the middle as it were betwixt some parts of Europe and Africa And so farre the Conjecture doth find countenance from some antient writers that Asia is said by Plinie to be inter Africam Europan to be betwixt Africa and Europe by Mela Medium nostris oequoribus excipt to be embraced in the middle of two Seas he meaneth Pontus Euxinus and the Mediterranean and finally by Eustathius conceive them all of Anatolia or the Lesser Asia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to have a middle situation betwixt Europe and Africa But by what name and on what grounds soever it be called by the Greeks and Latines it is otherwise and with better reason called in holy Scriptures by the name of Semia as being that portion of the world wherein the whole posterity of Sem had their seates and dwellings If the observation of Maginus be of any weight It is situate East and West from the 52. to the 169 degree of Longitude and North and South from the 82 degree of Latitude to the very Aequator some onely of the Islands lying on the South of that 〈◊〉 so that the longest Summers day in the Southern parts is but twelve houres onely but in the most Northern parts hereof for almost four whole moneths together no night at all And for a measurement by miles it stretches in length 5200. and in bredth 4560. miles This Countrey hath heretofore been had in especiall honour 1. For the Creation of man who had his first making in this part of the world 2. Because in this part of it stood the garden of Eden which he had for the first place of his habitation 3. Because here flourished the four first great Monarchies of the Assyrian Babylonianâ— Mâ—dâ—s and Persians 4. Because it was the Scene of almost all the memorable actions which are recorded by the pen-men of the holy Scriptures 5. Because that here our Saviour CHRIST was borâ— here wrought he most divine miracles and here accomplished the great work of our Redemption 6. And finally because from hence all Nations of the World had their first beginning on the dispersion which was made by the sonnes of Noal after their vain attempt at Babel The chief Mountains of this great Continent not limited within the bounds of any one Province for of those we are to speak in their severall places are 1. Mount Taurus which having its beginning in 〈◊〉 a Province of Anâ—iolâ—â— passeth directly East-wards to the Indian Ocean and reckoning in its severall wind â—gs turnings with its spurs and branches every way is said to be 6250. miles long and 357 m. broad This Mountain or rather Ridge of hils divideth the Greater Asia as the Aequator doth the World into North and South memorable for three difficult passages from the one to the other the first out of the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 into Ciliciae called Pylae Ciliciae the second out of Scythia or Tarterie into Turcomaâ—â— called 〈◊〉 Portae and the third out of Scythia into Persia called Portae Caspia Of which and of the whole course of this Mountain more at large hereafter 2. Imaus which beginning neere the sheres of the Northern Ocean runneth directly towards the South dividing the Greater Asia as the Meridian doth the World into East and West and crossing Mount Taurus in right Angles in or about the Longitude of 140. This on the North of Taurus hath no other name among the Latines then Imaus onely and by that name divide â— Scythia into Scythia intra Imaum and Scythia extra Imaum but by the Tartars is called Altay by some writers Belgion And on the South-side of that Mountain is known in Ptolomy by the name of Bâ—â—â—go extending from Mount Caucasus or some other Branch of the Taâ—rus to the Cape of Câ—mari in the Southern Ocean supposed by some to be Mount Sephar mentioned Gen. 10. v. 30. of which we shall say more also when we come into India The estate of Christianity in this vast Continent is in ill condition discountenanced and oppressed though noâ— quite extinguished For all the great Princes and Commanders of it being either Mahometans or Pagans the most that can be hoped for of the Christian Faith is a toleration or connivence and that not found but with an intermixture of such afflictions as commonly attend discountenanced and disgraced Religions Yet is not Christianity so over-powered either by Mahomet â—nisme or Paganisme but that in Asia the Lesser Syria Palestine and Armenia a great part of the inhabitants do retain the Gospel under their severall Paâ—â—â—â—chs and Metropolitans differing in some few points from one another but in many from the Church of Rome with which
Arvadi Senari and Chamathi were planted here the other six inhabiting more towards the South and East in the Land of Palestine For further evidence whereof we may adde these reasons first that the same woman which in Saint Matthews Gospel chap. 15. v. 22. is named a Canaanite is by Saint Mark chap. 7. v. 26. called a Syro-Phoenician Secondly Where mention is made in the Book of Josuah of the Kings of Canaan the Septagint who very well understood the History and Language of their own Countrey call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Kings of Phoenicia Thirdly the Poeni or Carthaginians being beyond all dispute a Tyrian or Phoenician Colony when they were asked any thing of their Originall would answer that they were Channaei meaning as Saint Augustine that Countrey-man doth expound their words that they were Originally Chanaanites of the stock of Canaan And lastly from the Language of it which antiently was the old Hebrew Canaanitish or the Language of Canaan spoken both here and in Palestine also before that Countrey was possessed by the house of Jacob as appeareth plainly by those names by which the places and Cities of Canaan were called when and before the Israelites came first to dwell amongst them which are meerly Hebrew And so much as unto the Language is acknowledged by Bochartus also who in the entrance of his Book inscribed Chanaan declares what profit may ensue from that undertaking to the Hebrew tongue cujus Phoenicia lingua dialectus fuit of which the Phoenician language was a dialect onely The Counrrey of it self not great extended in a good length from the further side of mount Carmel where it joyns with Palestine to the River Volanus on the North by which parted from Syria but withall so narrow that it is litle more than a bare Sea-coast and therefore very rightly called terrarum angustissims by a modern Writer Rich rather by the benefit and increase of Trade to which no Nation under Heaven hath been more addicted than by the naturall Commodities which the Land afforded yet for the quantity there of no place could be more plentifully furnished with Oyl Wheat and the best fort of Balm and most excellent Honey the lower part hereof being designed for the Seat of Asher of whom Moses prophesied Dent. 33. v. 24. that he should dip his foot in Oyl So that the Countrey generally it was well conditioned lovely to look upon populous and adorned with more beautifull Cities than such a span of Earth could be thought to hold Of which thus writeth Ammianus Acclivis monti Libano Phoenicia Regio plena gratiarum venustatis urbibus decorata magnis pulchris c. i. e. Falling from Mount Libanus lieth the Countrey of Phoenicia full of all graces and elegancies adorned with great and beautifull Cities of which the most renowned for the fertility of their soyl and the same of their achievements are Tyre Sidon Eerytus c. The People antiently by reason of their Maritime situation were great Adventurers at Sea trading in almost all the Ports of the then known World and sending more Colonies abroad upon forreign Plantations than any Nations in the Earth An active and ingenuous People said to have been the first Navigators the first builders of Ships the first inventors of Letters of which hereafter more on some other occasion and the first authors of Arithmetick the first that brought Astronomy to an Art or Method and the first makers of Glass Defamed in holy Scripture for their gross Idolatries by which they laid a stumbling-block at the feet of the Israelites Astoroth or Asturte the Godess of the Sidonians but whether Juno Venus or some other I dispute not here being so highly prized amongst them that Solomon himself when he fell from God made this one of his Idols Once yearly as Eusebius telleth us they sacrificed some of their sonnes to Saturn whom in their language they called Moloch And in the inmost retreats of Libanus had a Temple to Venus defiled with the practice of most filthy lusts intemperately using the naturall Sex and most unnaturally abusing their own Nor could the purity and piety of the Christian Faith prevail so far as to extinguish these ungodly rites till Constantine finally destroyed both the Temples and Idols and left not any thing remaining of them but the shame and infamy St. Austin addeth that they did prostitute their Daughters unto Venus before they maried them and it is most likely to be true For the Phoenicians and Cypriots being so near neighbours and subject for a time to the same Princes also could not but impart their impure Rites and Ceremonies unto one another Rivers of note there can be none in so narrow a Region but what are common unto others and shall there be spoken of Most proper unto this is the River of Adonis now called Canis so named most probably from Adonis the Dearling of Venus whose rites are here performed with as much solemnity as they be in Cyprus His Obsequiâ—s celebrated yearly in the moneth of June with great howlings and Lamentations Lucian fabling that the River usually streameth blood upon that Solemnity as if Adonis were newly wounded in the Mountains of Libanus to give the better colour to their Superstitions But the truth is that this redness of the water ariseth onely from the winds which at that time of the year blowing very vehemently doe thereby carry down the stream a great quantity of Minium or red Earth from the sides of those hils wherewith the waters are discoloured Such use can Satan make of a naturall Accident to blind the eyes and captivate the understandings of besotted people Chief Mountains of this Countrey are 1. Libanus spoken of before which hath here its first advance or rising 2. Carmel which Ptolomy placeth in this Countrey of which it is the utmost part upon the South where it joyneth with Palestine Washed on the North-side with the Brook Chison on the West with the Mediterranean Sea steep of ascent and of indifferent altitude abounding with severall sorts of fruits Olives and Vines in good plenty and stored with herbs both medicinable and sweet of small The retreat sometimes of Elias when he fled from Jesabel whose habitation here after his decease was converted to a Jewish Synagogue To this place being then in the possession of the Kings of Israel did that Prophet assemble the Priests of Baal and having by a miraculous experiment confuted their Idolâ—trons follies caused them to be cut in peeces on the banks of the River Chison neer adjoyning to it Upon this visible declaring of the power and presence of the Almighty the Gentiles grew perswaded that Oracles were there given by God by Suetonius called the God Carmelus Where speaking of Vespafian who had then newly took upon him the Imperiall dignity he addeth Apud Iudaeam Carmeli Dei oracula consulentemâ— ta confirmavere sortes c. that consulting in Judaea with the Oracle of the God Carmelus
appertaining unto those Idolatries as much esteemed of but more sumpeuous than those of Delphos The Grove about ten miles in circuit environed round with Cypresses and other trees so tall and close to one another that they suffered not the Sunne to enter in his greatest heats the ground perpetually covered with the choisest Tapestry of nature watered with many a pleasant stream derived from the Castalian founteins as it was given out and yielding the most excellent fruits both for taste and tincture to which the wind and air participating the sweetness of the place did adde a most delightfull influence A place devised for pleasure but abused to lust he being held unworthy of the name of a man who transformed not himself unto a Beast or trod on this unholy ground without his Curtezan insomuch as they which had a care of their good names did forbear to haunt it A fuller discription of it he that lists to see may find in the first Book and 18. chapter of Sozomens Ecclesiasicall History who is copious in it The Temple said to have been built by Seleucus also renowned for the Oracle there given by which Adrian was foretold of his being Emperour and therefore much resorted to by Julian the Apostata for that purpose also But the body of Babylas the Martyr and Bishop of Antioch being removed thither by the command of his Brother Galius then created Coesar by Constantius the Devil and his Oracles were both frighted away as the devill did himself confess to Julian Who being desirous to learn here the success of his intended expedition into Persia received this Answer that no Oracle could be given as long as those divine bones were so neer the Shrine Nor was it long after before the Idol and the Temple were consumed by a fire from Heaven as was avowed by those who observed the fall of it though Julian did impure it to the innocent Christians and in revenge caused many of their Churches to be burned to ashes 20. Anitoch situate in that part hereof which is called Casiotis first built oâ— began rather by Antigonus when Lord of Asia by whom named Antigonia but finished and enlarged by Seleucus after he had overthrown and slain him at the battell of Issus by the Jewes or Hebrew 's once called Reblatha Built neer the place and partly out of the ruines of an antient City in the second Book of Kings called Râ—blah in the Land of Hamath Hamath the Great in the sixt of Amos by Josephus and the Syrians Reblata Memorable in those daies for the Tragedies of Jehoahaz and Sedechias Kings of Judah the first of which was here deprived of his Crown and Liberty by Pharaoh Neco King of Egypt 2 Kings 23. 33. the other of his eyes and Children by the command of Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon as was said before In following times it was by some Greek writers called Epidaphne from the neerness of it to that Grove as afterwards in the times of Chrictianity by the name of Theopolis or the City of God either from the many miracles there done in the Primitive times or from the great improvement which the Christian faith did here receive where the Disciples first obtained the name of Christians The Royall seat for many Ages of the Kings of Syria and in the flourish and best fortune of the Roman Empire the ordinary residence of the Praefect or Governour of the Eastern Provinces next of the Praefectus Praetorio Orientis who had not only the superintendency over the Diocese of the Orient though that large enough but also of the Dioceses of Egypt Asia Pontus Thrace extending so his Jurisdiction into all the parts of the then known World Honoured also with the residence of many of the Roman Emperours especially of Verus and Valens who spent here the greatest part of their times and from the first dawning of the Gospel with the Seat of the Patriarck A title of such eminency in all times of the Church the second in Accompt to the See of Rome till Constantinople being made the Imperiall City got precedence of it that there are at this time no less than four great Prelates which pretend unto it that is to say the true Patriarck governing the Christians of those parts whom they call Syrians or Melchites the Psâ—ndo-Patriarcks of the Jacobite and Maronite Sectaries both which for the greater credit to their Schism doe assume this title and finally a titular Patriarck nominated by the Pope who since the time that the Western Christians were possessed of these Eastern Countries hath assumed a power unto himself of nominating Patriarks for Alexandria Hierusalem and this City of Antioch The City seated on both sides of the River Orontis about twelve miles distant from the shores of the Mediterranean the River Parfar passing on the South-side of it By Art and Nature fortified even to admiration compassed with a double wall the outward most of which was stone the other of brick with four hundred and sixty Towers in the walls and an impregnable Castle at the East-end thereof and on the other side defended with high broken Mountains whereunto was adjoyning a deep Lake comming cut of the River Parfar before mentioned Adorned in former times with many sumptuous Palaces and magnificent Temples answerable to the reputation of so great a City till taken by the Saracâ—ns and after by the Turks and Mamalucks men careless of all State and beauty in their fairest Cities it began to grow into decay Recovered by the Western Christians from the power of the Turks after a siege of seven moneths June 3. Anno 1098. confirmed in their possession by a great and memorable Victory got in the very sight hereof within few daies after June 28. obtained against Corbanas Lieutenant to the Persian Sultan in which with the loss of four thousand and two hundred of their own they slew a hundred thousand of the Enemy The Town and territory given by the Conquerours to Bohemund a noble Norman and Prince of Tarentum who by practising with one Pyrâ—hus who had the command of one of the chief Towers thereof afterwards called Saint Georges Tower was secretly let into the City and so made way for all the rest Bohemund thus made the Prince or as some say King of Antioch left it to Bohemund his sonne about ten years after succeeded in this principate by Tancred and Roger Princes of great renown in those holy wars which last unfortunately slain by the Turks not far from Aleppo in the year 1120. Baldwin the second having revenged his death by a signall victory joyned this estate to the Kingdome of Hierusalem Betrayed about sixty years after this that is to say in the year 1188. it came into the power of Saladine the victorious King of Egypt and Damascus and therewithall no fewer than five and twenty Cities which depended on the fortunes of it the glories of this famous City so declining after this last Tragedy but whether laid desolate of
hereof as was in the possession of the Tribes of Israel And of this sort are 1. Canaan oâ— the Land of Canaan so called from Canaan the Sonne of Cham by whom first peopled after the flood 2. The Land of Promise because by God promised to Abraham and his feed for an habitation 3. Israel from the Israelites or Sonnes of Jncob whose surname was Israel 4. Judaea and by us Jewry from the Jews or people of the Tribe of Jadah the most prevalent of the Tribes of Israel And 5. Terrâ—s Sancta or the Holy Land because the subject of the greatest part of the Holy Scripture and that the work of our Redemption was herein accomplished by our Lord and Saviour Which notwithstanding we must know that though these names do many times by a Synechdoche express the whole Countrey of Palestineâ— yet neither the Canaanites or the Israelites were ever Masters of the whole except onely in the times of David and of some of the Maccabean Princes as also in some part of the reign of Herod the Great all which had the good fortune to command it totally But being the most considerable People of it were the Tribes of Israel we will first look upon the Countrey People under that capacity And for so much hereof as was held by them it is situate between the third and fourth Climats the longest day being fourteen hours and a quarter the whole length but 200 miles and not above 80 in the breadth yet was of such a fruitful soil that before the comming in of the Israelites it had 30 Kings and after the comming in of that people so extreamly populous that David numbred on Million and 300000 fighting men besides those of the Tribes of Levi and Benjamiâ— But of the fruitfulness hereof more shortly As for the People they were by composition of a midle stature but strong of bodie in their best times a murmuring and stiff-necked genneration never well pleased either with God or man with their Priests or Princes seldome conform unto the Commandments of their God nor very much constant to themselves So crippled in their goings betwixt superstitions and Idolatry that they knew not how to walk uprightly Idolatrous above measure and incorrigible in it till their coming back from the Captivity of Babylon and after that as superstitious and severe in the point of their Sabbath as they had formerly been exorbitant in the worship of Idols No Medium on either side but extream in both Divided antiently into these four ranks that is to say 1. Jews 2. Hellenists 3. Proselytes and 4. Samaritans all of them pretending a right unto this Countrey though not all of them dwelling in it Of these the first called Jews from Judah the predominant Tribe and Hebrews from Heber the Sonne of Sela grand-sonne of Sem and one of the Ancestors of Abraham were such as naturally descended of the Tribes of Israel and lived for the most part in their own Countrey adhering to the Law of Moses and embracing the whole Canon of the Old Testament from the book of Genesis to the book of the Prophet Malachi Called also Israelites because descended from the loins of their Father 〈◊〉 to whom God gave the name of Israel for his greater honour but after the ten Tribes were carryed away by Salmâ—inassar to an endlesse captivity and the two tribes with the remainder of the rest returned from that temporary one which they found in Babylon the name of Israelites was laid by and that of Jâ—â—s assumed as more proper to them These read the Scriptures and executed all Divine Offices in their natural Hebrew 2. The Hellenists were such as were Jews by parentage but lived dispersed in most Provinces of the Roman Empire called by that name we may English it the Graecizing Jews because they read the Scriptures in the Greek or Septuagints translation and performed all publique offices in that lanquage also In other things as superstitious in their Sabbaths as tenacious of their Circumcision and others of the rites and ceremonies of the law of Moses as the Jews of Palestine and for that reason scorned and derided by the Genâ—iles amongst whom they lived Credit Indaerus apella saith one of their Poets relating to their circumcising Recuâ—ing Sabbat a palles saith another of them with scorn enough unto their Sabbaths Noviâ—illie ritus coetets mortalibus conâ—rarâ— saith Tacitus a graver Author of the whole body of their Rituals or Acts of worship 3. The Proselytes were such as not being Iews by birth or discent of parentage conformed themselves unto their customes and desired to be admitted into their Religion And these were also of two sorts the one called Proselyri Portae and the other Proselyti foederis The first of these admitted by the Iews to the worship of God and instructed in the hopes of the life to come were onely tied to those precepts which the Hebrew Doctors call the Precepts of the sonnes of Noah but were neither circumcised nor otherwise conform to the Law of Moses Which Precepts of the Sonnes of Noah so called because supposed to be given by Noah unto his Sonnes when he came out of the Ark were seven in number that is to say 1. That they dealt uprightly with every man 2. That they blessed and magnified the name of God 3. That they worshipped not any false Gods but to abstain from Idolatry 4. To refrain from all unlawful lusts and copulations 5. To keep themselves from theft and robbery 6. From shedding bloud And 7. not to eat the flesh or member of any beast taken from it when it was alive by which all cruelty was forbidden These though they were admitted to the worship of God and might repair unto the Temple yet because of their Uncircumcision they were not suffered to converse with the Iews nor to come into the same Court of the Temple with them but were accounted as unclean and had their Court apart assigned them in the worship of God which was called Atriam Gentium or Immundoruâ— and was the outermost of all The other Proselytes which were called Proselyti foederis conformed in all things to the Iews as in Circumcision Sabbath-keeping and all other Ceremonies and were accounted of as adopted Iews privileged as they were to worship in the Inner Court bound as they were from eating or drinking with a Gentile and in a word partakers with them in all things both divine and humane and different in nothing from them but their race or parentage These last in the New Testament called simply Proselytes without any addition the former by the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the worshipping Gentiles of which see Acts 16. v. 14. chap. 17. v. 4. 17. chap. 18. v. 4. c. 4. As for the Samaritans they possessed a great part of this Countrey which the Proselytes did not yet were not so much Iews as they But of these more anon when we come to Samaria the proper place
ordinary residence of their Princes absolute of themselves at first as in other places but at the time when Moses and Iosuah led the people into their possessions subjected unto Sehon King of the Amorites whose Dukes their five Kings or Princes are said to be Iosuah 13. 21. A people whom the Israelites had neither commission or intent to make warre upon if they had not causelesly provoked them at the request of the Moabites by sending amongst them as Balaam the false prophet had advised the most beautiful of all their women not only to entice them to prohibited mixtures but to allure them to the worship of their Idols also A mischievous and successfull plot but alike dangerous to both parties God sending a sierce plague amongst the Israelites which cost them the lives of 24000 persons besides such as perished by the sword and giving a command to Moses to avenge him of the Midianites who had so provoked him On which commission Moses culled out 12000 men and sent them under Phineas against the Midianites by whom all their Princes were slain their Cities and goodly Castles burnt with fire their men women and male-children put unto the sword as is related in the one and thireieth Chapter of the Book of Numbers Yet notwithstanding this great slaughter they recovered their former power if not a greater and after the death of Barac the Judge of Israel did for the space of four years so afflict that people that they were fain to hide themselves in the Caves and strongholds of the Mountains as is said Iudg. 6. 2. their enemies having left them neither sheep oxe nor asse or any sustenance at all v. 4. But Gideon being raised up by God for their deliverance encountred with their tour Kings and put them to flight of which four Oreb and Zeb were taken and slain by the Ephraimites at the passage of Iordan Zebah and Salmanah taken by Gideon himself and executed by his own hand as the story telleth us In this war there are said to have perished of this people and their Confederates no fewer than 120000 persons by which so weakned that we hear no more of them from this time forwards in any action of importance their name and Countrey being first incorporated into that of the Edomites and after into that of the Ismaelites and other the Inhabitants of Arabia Petraea 2. The MOABITES possessed all the Countrey from the Midianites in the South as far as to Esebon in the North on both sides of the River Arnon having Iordan on the West and the hills of Abarin on the East Possessed at the first by the Emmims a race of Giants whole chief City was Sheneth Kiriathaim But these being vanquished and broken by Cherdorlaomer and his Associates of which see Gen. 14. 5. their forlom seats were taken up by the Moabites descended from Moab one of the Sonnes of Lot who lived herein great prosperity till the time of Vaheb Grand-father unto Baalac the Sonne of Zippor from whom Sehon King of the Amorites had taken all the parts of Moab on the North of the River Arnom and made that River which before was the middle of Moab to be the North bound or border of it In which estate it stood in the time of Moses Chief Cities of it at that time were 1. Rabbar the Regall seat of Baalac the King of Moab the Rhalmathum of Pâ—olomy 2. Diblatham destroyed with the rest of Moab by Nabuchadnezzer as is said Ier. 48. 22. 3. Gallim the principality of Phalti the Sonne of Laish to whom Saul gave his Daughter Michael formerly married unto David 1. Sam. 25. 44. 4. Muthana and 5. Nashaliel thorow which the Israelites passed after they had left the well called Beer 6. Bamath where Moses was encamped when he sent to Sehon to demand a passage thorow his Countrey Numbers 21. 19. c. 7. Mizpah the City of Refuge to the Father and Mother of David in the time of his troubles under Saul 8. Hor the chief City of Moab not medled with by Moses in his march this way the Lord himself forbidding him to touch upon it or distress it because it had been given by him for an inheritance to the Children of Lot Deut. 2. 9. Which prohibition was not onely for this place particularly though this particularly their mentioned but for all the lands and terretories then in their possession 9. Kir-hasareth of chief note for the barbarous and inhumane fact of Mesha the Moabitish King who being besieged herein by the Kings of Judah Israel and Edom without hope of escape sacrificed his own eldest Sonne on the wall hereof which so moved the Kings of Judah and Edom that they forsook the King of Israel whos 's the quarrel was So the siege was raised 2 Kings 3. 27. Now as Moses did not at the present disobey Gods Order in leaving the Moabites in quiet so neither did the Moabites on their parts provoke him to it giving him a free and open passage in his march for Caâ—aan out of an hope that when the Amorites were subdued they should be put into possession of their lost estates And though they were deceived of that expectation the Israelites looking on the Countrey which they had conquered as the spoiles of the Amorites and given it for a possession to the Tribe of Reuben yet durst they not do any thing in the way of Annes but sent for Baalam the false Prophet to cast them by his curses and incantations into some diseases whereby their strength and courage might be taken from them Balaac the Sonne of Zippor was at this time King After whom we find not the name of any other till we come to Eglon who with the help of Ammon and Amalek over-mastered Israel and for the space of eighteen years tyrannized amongst them when slain in his own house and afterwards 10000 of his people by the hand of Ehad But this indignity was in the times succeeding revenged by Saul in some part who made warre upon them but more by David who subdued them and made them Tributaries And not so onely but subjected them to the vilest offices as is intimated in that form of Speech Moab is my wash-pot Psal 60. 8. Taking their opportunity they withdrew themselves from the house of David and put themselves under the command of the Kings of Israel to whom they paid for tribute in the time of Ahab 100000 Lambs and 200000 Rams with their fleeces on but quickly weary of those payments and revolting from the house of Ahab also they were invaded by Jehoram aided herein by the Kings of Judah and Idumaea by whom being vanquished Mesha their King was fain to shut himself up in Kir-hasareth as was said before After this joining with the Ammonites and the Idumaeans or Sonnes of Edom they invaded Jehosophat King of Judah to whom God gave a memorable and signall victory without blow or battel the Ammonites first setting upon the Edomites and after upon one
towards Palmyrens or Aram-Zobah that of Beth-Rehob confederate in the same war also with the other Syrians mention whereof is made in the second book of Sam. chap. 10. ver 6. Which whether they belonged to Syria or to those North-parts of Ituraea is of no great certainty and as little consequence For after their greatest and last exploit we hear no more news of them swallowed up not long after as it seems by the Kings of Damascus To return therefore into Gessur as more certainly within the limits of Palestine the places of most observation in it were 1. Gessur then the chief City of it and giving name unto the whole 2. Mahaeath or Macuti as some call it conceived to be that Maacha mentioned 1 Chron. 19. 6. But of this we have already spoken in Comagena 3. Chauran or Hauran mentioned by the Prophet Ezekul chap. 47. whence these Northen parts of Palestine were called Auranitis 4. Chaisar-Hevan there mentioned by that Prophet also 5. Vs neer the borders of Damascus the first habitation of Vs the Sonne of Aram and Grand-child of Sem by whose name so called supposed to be the founder of Damascus also and that more probably than that the Countrey thereabouts should be the Land of Hus enabled by the dwelling and story of Iob. 6. Sueta mentioned by Brochardus and by some conceived to be the habitation 〈◊〉 surnamed the Shuchite one of Iobs three friends mentioned in that story but both of him and Iob himself and the Land of Hus we shall speak more at large when we come to Arabia More certainly remarkable for a Fort of great strength and use for the commanding of the Countrey recovered from the 〈◊〉 in the time of Baldwin the second by digging with incredible labour thorow the very rock upon which it was seated As for the fortunes of this part the Tribes on that side of Iordan were led captive into Assyria and the Kingdome of Damascus subverted by Tiglah-Phalassar it followed the fortune of the Babylonian and Perâ—ian Empires together with which it came to the Macedonian Kings of the race of Seleucus In the declining of that house but the time I find not it made up the greatest part of the Kingdome of Chalcis possessed by Ptolomy the Sonne of Mennaeus in the beginning of Herods greatness who dying left unto Lysanias his eldest Sonne murdered about seven years after by Marc. Antonie on the suggestions of Cleopatra who presently seized on his estates But Antonie and Cleopatra having left the Stage Lysanias a Sonne of the murdered Prince entreth next upon it by the permission of Augustus During whose time Zenodorus Lord of the Town and territory of Paneas farming his demeasnes and paying a very grat Rent for them not only suffered the Trachonites to play the Robbers and infest the Merchants of Damascus but received part of the booty with them Augustus on complaint hereof giveth the whole Countrey of Trachonites Batanea Gaulonitis and Auranitis to Herod the Ascalonite before created King of Iewrie that by his puissance and power he might quell those Robbers and reduce the Countrie into order Leaving unto Lysanias nothing but the City of Abila of which he was the natural Lord whereof and of the adjoining territory he was afterwards created Tetrarch by the name of the Tetrarch of Abilene mentioned Luke 3. Nor did Herods good fortune end in this For presently on the death of Zenodorus not long after following Augustus gave him also the district of Paneas of which we shall speak more when we come to Galilee which with the Countries formerly taken from Lysanias made up the Tetrarchie of Philip his youngest Sonne affording him the yearly Revenue of 100. Talents which make 37500 l. of English money On Philips death his Tetrarchy was by Cains Calâ—gula conferred on Agrippa the Nephew of Herod by his Sonne Aristobulus whom he had also dignified with the title of King after whose death and the death of Agrippa Minor who next succeeded his estates escheated to the Romans and have since had the same fortune with the rest of Palestine 3. GALILEE GALILEE is bounden on the East with Batanea and part of the halfe Tribe of Manasses on that side of Iordan on the West with the Sea-coast of Phoenicia on the Mediterranean on the North with Anti-Libanus on the South with Samâ—ria So called as some say from Geliloth a Phoenician word signifying as much as borders because the bordering Countrey betwixt them and the Iews The Countrey not so large as that on the other side of the River but far more fertile naturally fruitfull of it self every where producing excellent fruits without much pains to the Husbandman and so well cultivated in old times that there was hardly any wast ground to be found in it Thick set with Cities Towns and Villages in the time of Iosephus and those so populous and rich that the smallest Village in it is affirmed by that Author to comprehend no fewer than 15000 Inhabitants A number beyond all parallel if reported rightly and not mistaken in the transcripts The people from their childhood very stout and warlike not daunted for fear of want or deard of penury which seconded by their vast and almost incredible numbers made them experimentally known for a tough peece of employment when subdued by Titus And this together with their zeal to the Iewish Religion makes it more than probable that there was something in them of the antient Israelite and that they were not meerly of an Assyrian either stock or spirit but intermixt with such remainders of the Tribes as had saved themselves either by flying to the Mountains or hiding themselves in Caves and Defarts or otherwise were inconsiderable for strength and numbers in the great transplantation of them made by Salmanassar And in this I am the more confirmed by their speech or language which was the same with that of the natural Iews differing no otherwise from it than in tone and dialect as our Northern English doth from that which is spoke in London as appeareth by the communication which the Damosel had with Saint Peter in the High-Priests Hall in which she plainly understood him but so that she pronounced him for a Galilean For had the Transplantation been so universal as some think it was and that both sick and sound old and young had been caried away and none but Colonies of the Assyrians to fill up their places it must needs be that those New-comers would have planted their own language there as the Saxons did on the extirpation of the Briâ—â—â— on this side of the Severn The like may be affirmed of the other Tribes on this side of Iordan especially Simeon and Dan which either bordering upon Iudah or having their lands and Cities intermingled with it continued in great numbers in their former dwellings under the Patronage or subjection or the Kings thereof Divided it was antiently into the Higher and the Lower The Higher so called from its
Sebva or Sebviah one of the Companions of that Dosthai who though they kept all the publick festivals as the Jews and the other Samaritans did yet they kept them not at the same time transferring the Pâ—sseover to August the Pentecost to Autumn and the feast of Tabernacles to the time of the Passeovâ—r not suffered for that cause to worship in the Temple of Garizim 3. The Gortheni who kept the same Festivals and observed the same times of those Solemnities as the Law required but kept onely one of the seven dayes of those great Festivals and laid by the rest as dayes of ordinary labour In other points not differing from the other Samaritans who though at first possessed of all the land belonging to the ten Tribes of Israel were yet reduced at last to a narrower compass shut up betwixt Galilee and Judaea within the antient territories of the Tribe of Ephraim and the other half Tribe of Manasses on this side of the water 1. The half Tribe of MANASSES on this side of Jordan was situate betwixt Issachar on the North and the Tribe of Ephraim on the South extending from the Mediterranean to the banks of that River In which the places of most consequence and consideration 1. Beth-san environed almost with the land of Issachar situate neer the banks of Jordan where it beginneth again to streighten and be like it self having been almost lost in the Sea of Galilee first called Nysa and so called by Bacchus or Liber Pater the founder of it in memory of his Nurse there buried but the children of Manasses not being able to expel the natives out of it as in other places gave it the name of Beth-san or the house of an Enemy Afterwards when the Scythians invaded those parts of Asia and compelled some of the Jews to serve them against the rest whom notwithstanding their good service they put all to the sword they new-built this City called therefore by the Grecians Scythopolâ—s or the City of Scythians and by them reckoned as a City of â—oele-Syria Memorable in the old Testament for the hanging of the dead bodies of Saul and his sonnes on the walls hereof by the barbarous Philistims in the time of our Saviour for being the greatest of all the Decapolitan Region as afterwards in the flourishing times of Christianity for being the See of an Arch-Bishop now nothing but a desolate village or an heap of rubbish out of which many goodly Pillars and other peeces of excellent Marble are often digged 2. Terzah used by the Kings of Israel for their Regal Seat till the building of Samaria and the removal of it thither 3. Aâ—rabata the territory whereof called Acrabatena was after made one of the ten Toparchies of Judeâ— 4. Thebes not far from Samaria where the Bastard Abimelech was wounded with a stone which a woman threw at him from the wall and perceiving his death to be drawing on commanded his Page to slay him that it might not be said he perished by the hands of a woman 5. Ephra or Hophrâ— in which Gideon dwelt neer whereunto there stood an Altar consecrated to Baal defaced by Gideon and not farre off the fatal stone on which Abimelech slew 70 of his Brethren An heathenish cruelty and at this day practised by the Turks 6. Asophon an ignoble village made famous only for the great and notable defeat which Ptolomy Lathurus here gave to Alexander the King of the Jews which victory he used with so great barbarity that he slew all the Women as he passed along and caused young children to be sod in Caldronâ— 7 Bezek the City of the bloody Tyrant Adonâ—Bezek whose story touched upon before see at large in Judges chap. 1. By Josephus it is called Bala and seemeth to be the place in which Saul assembled the chief strength of Israel and Judah to the number of 330000. men for the relief of Iabesh Gilead then distressed by the Ammonites 8. Iezreel the Royal City of Ahab and the Kings of his race situate at the foot of the Mountains of Gilboa So neer unto the Borders of Issachar that some have placed it in that Tribe Memorable in sacred story for the stoning of Naboth by the procurement of Iezabel and the breaking of Iezabels neck by command of Iehu A City which gave name to the plains adjoyning called the valley or Plainâ— of Iezreel but by the name of Campus Magnus in the book of Maccabees lib. 1. cap. 12. extending from Sâ—â—thopolis to the Mediterranean famous for the great and many battels which have been fought in it as namely of Gideon against the Mâ—dianites of Saâ—l against the Philistims of Ahah against the Syâ—â—â—n of Jehu against Iehoram and finally of the Christians against the Saracens 9. Megiddo unfortunately observable for the death of the good King Iosiah slain hereabouts in a battel against Pharâ—oh Neâ—â— King of Egypt and before that of Ahaziah King of Iudah who received his death-wound at Gaber a Town adjoining when pursued by Iehu 11. Dora or Dor as the Scriptures call it on the Moditerranian not far from the Castle of Pilgrims in the tribe of Issachar a very strong and powerfull City and therefore chose by Try hon for his City of Refuge who having first treacherâ—sly taken and barbarously murdered Ionathan the Maccabaean after he had received 200 talents for his ransome and no less viâ—lanously slain Antiochus the sixt of Syria his Lord and Master whom he succeeded in his throne was by Antiochus the seventh with an Army of 120000 foot and 8000 horse besieged in this City and most deservedly put to death 12. Caesarea antiently called the Tower of Siraton from Straâ—â—â— a King of the Zidonians new built by Herod and by him not only beautified with a large Theatre and Ampâ—â—theatre both of polished Marble but with a fair and capacious haven which with incredible charge and pains he forced out of the Sea And having in twelve years brought it to perfection in honour of Drusus Caesar Sonne-in-Law of Augustus he caused one of the chief Towers thereof to be called Dâ—â—sus the City it self to be called Caesarea Palestinae In this City was Cornelius baptized by St. Peter here did St. Paul plead in defence of Christianity before Festus then the Roman President and finally here Herod Agrippa was smitten by an Angell and devoured by worms after his Rhetorical Oration which his Parasites called the voyce of God and not of man The Metropolis of all Palestine when one Province only as afterwards of Palestina Prima when by Constantine or some of his Successors cantoned into three the first Bishop hereof being said to be that Cornelius whom Saint Peter here initiated in the faith of CHRIST 13. Antipatris another City of Herods building in the place where Kapharsalama mentioned 1 Maccab. 7. 31. had sometimes stood who in honour of his Father Antipater gave it this new name Neer hereunto did Iudas Maccabaeus overthrew a part of Nicanors Army and
the Greek Copies called Eeganna Of any Town of note now being more than this and Scmiseasac before named I find nothing certain The first Inhabitants of this Countrey of whom there is any certain Constat were the posterity of Huz the Sonne of Nachor and the Sonnes of Abraham by Keturah of whose being setled in these parts we had before good testimony from the Book of God and intermixt with them lived some of the descendants of Ismael also For if the Adubeni whom Ptolomy calleth the Agubeni fetch their originall from Adheel the third and the Raubeni from Mishma the fift sonne of Ismael as some say they doe I see no reason but the whole Countrey might be called Kedar from Kedar the second Sonne as well as from the tawny complexions of the people of it From them descended the Tribes or Nations spoken of by Ptolomy that is to say the Orcheni Chaucabeni Ausitae Masoni Materni and Agrai besides the Adubeni and Raubeni already specified But being a dis-joynted people not under any setled form of Covernment nor possessed of any thing worth looking after they were either held not worth the conquering in regard of their penury or else unconquerable in respect of their Countrey impassable for great Armies by reason of the rolling Sands and want of all things Yet I coneeive that lying so near to the Chaldeans they followed the fortunes of that mighty Monarchy subjects unto it whilst it stood and after Tributaries unto those who successively possessed themselves of the Supreme power Not looked at by the Romans or regarded by them who aimed at wealth as well as honour in their expeditions nor otherwise subject to the Turk at this present time than as they can make use of him and his protection in their frequent robberies Though counted of as a part of the Turkish Empire because the more civill Arabians are indeed his subjects 2. ARABIA PETRAEA ARABIA PETRAEA now called Barra Baraab and Barthalaba hath on the East Arabia Deserta and part of Sinus Persicus or the Bay of Persia on the West the Isthmus which joineth Africa to Asia and part of the Red Sea or Gulf of Arabia on the North Palestine and on the South a long ridge of Mountains which divide it from Arabia Felix It had this name either from the rockiness of the soil hereof or more properly from Petra the chief City of it called also by Aethicus Sicaria but I know not why by the Hebrews Chus generally translated Ethiopia by Willian of Tyre Arabia Secunda Felix being reckoned for the first By Strabo Ptolomy and Plâ—ny it is called Nabathaea which name it had from Nabaioth the eldest of the twelve Sonnes of Ismael though properly that name belonged only to those parts which lay next Judaea fruitfull though joining to the Desarts and thus remembred by the Poet as an Eastern Countrey Eurus ad Auroram Nabathaeaque regna recessit Eurus unto the East did flie Where fruitful Nabathe doth lie The Countrey much of the same nature with the other but in some parts thereof more fertile if well manured and in the time of Marcellinus affirmed to be a rich land flourishing with variety of trade and trafick But for the most part full of untravellable Desarts except to those which carry their provisions with them for fear of starving and goe in great companies or Carvans for fear of robbing and yet much travelled by Merchants who trafick into Egypt and Babylonia the commodities whereof they lay of Camels which are the ships of Arabia as their Seas the Desarts For upon one of these Camels they will lay ordinarily 600. and sometimes 1000. pound weight yet not afford him water above once in four days not oftner in fourteen if there be occasion So that the Camel carrying so great a burden and seldome fewer than 500 going in one voyage the Merchant if he scapeth robbing makes a rich return Of these Desarts the most memorable are those of Sin and Pharan in which the Israelites so long wandred not beautified with grass nor adorned with trees the Palm onely excepted nor furnished with water but by rain or miracle The people of it for the most part descended of the sonnes of Chus and Ismael intermixed with the Madianites descending from Abraham by Keturah and the Amalekites descended probably from Amalek the Grand-sonne of Esau mentioned Gen. 36. but all united at the last in the name of Saracens This name derived as some think from Sarra signifying a desart and saken which signifieth to inhabit because they live for the most part in these desart places as others say from Sarak signifying a Thief or Robber agreeable to that of Arabia before delivered This last most suitable to their nature and best liked by Scaliger Saraceni à vicinis dicuntur ab Elsarak i.e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod rapinis victitent So he in his second book de Emend Temp. A people not reckoned of in the former times till made remarkable by their conquest of a great part of the world but always counted warlike and martial men Of whom take this Character out of Marcellinus The Saracens saith he whom we are neither to wish for our friends or enemies are a martiall people half-naked clad as far as the groin with painted Cassocks ranging up and down on Camels and swift horses as well in peace as troublesome times Not used unto the Plough to plant trees or get their livings by tillage they wander from one place to another without house or home or any constant dwelling place or the use of laws nor can they long endure the same either Air or Soyl the manner of their lives being alwayes flitting like ravenous kites which if they chance to spie a prey snatch it up in their flight or if they chance to fasten on it as it leith on the ground they make no long stay Their food is chiefly upon Venison and store of milk herbs which they gather from the ground and birds which they get by fowling but altogether ignorant of corn and wine Their wives they hire onely for a time though for a shew of Matrimony they present their husbands with a spear and a tent as in way of dowrie but they part with them when they please Both Sexts most extremely given to carnal lusts the women as rambling as the men maried in one place and brought to bed in another leaving their children where they fall without more care of them So farre and to this purpose he Rivers of note here are not many The principall are 1. That called Trananus amnis or the River of Tranan which passing thorow this Country endeth his course in the Red Sea 2. Rhtnocorura called in Scripture the torrent of Aegypt which rising in this Countrey and passing by the borders of Idumaea hath its fall in the lake of Sirbon and together with the waters thereof loseth it self at last in the Mediterranean With Mountains it is better stored and those
harken unto Sergius a Nestorian Monk who flying out of Syria for fear of punishment the heresies of Nestorius being newly both revived and censured came into Arabia where he found entertainment in the house of Abdalmuâ—alif the Master of Mahomet By his perswasions who found him a fit Instrument for the devil to work on he began to entertain the thoughts of hammering out a new Religion which might unite all parties in some common principles and bring the Christians Jews and Gentiles into which the world was then divided under one Professior Resolved on this he retired himself unto a Cave not farre from Mecca as if he there attended nothing but meditations Sergius in the mean time founding in the ears of the people both his parts and piety The people being thus prepared to behold the Pageant out-comes the principal Aetor with some parts of his Alcor in pleasing enough to sensual minds which he next professed to have received from the Angel Gabriel And finding that this edified to his expectation he next proclamed liberty to all staves and servants as a thing commanded him by God by whom the natural liberty of mankind was most dearly tendred which drew unto him such a rabble of unruly people that without out fear of opposition he dispersed his doctrines reducing them at last to a book or method The Book of this religion he calleth the Alcoran that is to say the Collection of Precepts the Originall whereof they feign to be written on a Table which is kept in Heaven and the Copy of it brought to Mahomet by the Angell Gabriel A Book so highly reverenced by the Mahometans that they write upon the cover of it let none touch this but he that is clean The body of it as it now standeth was composed by Osmen the fourth Caliph who seeing the Saracens daily inclining to divers heresies by reason of some false copies of Mahomets Lawes and that the Empire by the same means was likely to fall into civill dissention by the help of his wife who was Mahomets daughter he got a sight of all Mahomets papers which he reduced into four Volumes and divided into one hundred twenty and four Chapters commanding expresly upon pain of death that that book and that onely should be received as Canonicall through his Dominions The whole body of it is but an exposition and gloss on these eight Commandments 1. Every one ought to believe that God is a great God and one onely God and Mahomet is his Prophet They hold Abraham to be the friend of God Moses the messenger of God and Christ the breath of God whom they deny to be conceived by the Holy Ghost affirming that the Virgin Mary grew with child of him by smelling to a Rose and was delivered of him at her brests They deny the mystery of the Trinity but punish such as speak against Christ whose Religion was not they say taken away but mended by Mahomet And he who in his pilgrimage to Mecca doth not comming or going visit the Sepulchre of Christ is reputed not to have merited or bettered himself anything by his journey 2. Every man must mary to encrease the Sectaries of Mahomet Four wives he alloweth to every man and as many Concubins as he will between whom the Husband setteth no difference either in affection or apparrell but that his wives onely can enjoy his Sabbaths benevolence The women are not admitted in the time of their lives to come into their Churches nor after death to Paradise and whereas in most or all other Countries Fathers give some portions with their daughters the Mahometans give money for their wives which being once paid the contract is registred in the Cadies book and this is all their formality of Mariage More of this theme we shall speak when we are in TRECOMANIA 3. Every one must give of his wealth to the poor Hence you shall have some buy slaves and then manumit them buy birds and then let them flie They use commonly to free Prisoners release bondslaves build caves or lodgings in the waies for the relief of Passengers repair bridges and mend high-waies But their most ordinary almes consist in sacrifices of Sheep or Oxen which when the solemnity is performed they distribute among the poor to whom also on the first day of every year they are bound to give the tith or tenth part of their gettings in the year fore-going insomuch that you shall hardly find any beggers amongst them 4. Every one must make his prayers five times a day When they pray they turn their bodies towards Mecca but there faces sometimes one way sometimes another way believing that Mahomet shall come behind them being at their devotions The first time is an hour before Sun-rising the second at noon-day the third at three of the clock after noon the fourth at Sun-setting the first and last before they go to sleep At all these times the Cryers keep a balling in the steeples for the Turks and Saracens have no bells for the people to come to Church And such as cannot come must when they hear the voice of the Cryers fall down in the place where they are do their devotions and kiss the ground thrice 5. Every one must keep a Lent one moneth in a year This Lent is called Ramazan in which they suppose the Alcoran was given unto Mahomet by the Angel Gabriel This fast is only intended in the day time the law giving leave to frollick it in the night as they best please so they abstained from Wine and Swines flesh prohibited by their Law at all times but never so punctually abstained from as in the time of their Lent 6. Be obedient to thy Parents which law is the most neglected of any never any children being so unnatural as the Turkish 7. Thou shalt not kill and this they keep unviolated among themselves but the poor Christians are sure to feel the smart of their fury And as if by this law the actual shedding of bloud only were prohibited they have invented punishments for their offenders worse than death itself As first the Strappade which is hanging of them by the arms drawn backwards when they are so bound they are drawn up on high and let down again with a violent swing which unjoynteth all their back and armes Secondly they use to horse up their heels and with a great cudgell to give them three or four hundred blowes on the soles of their feet Thirdly it is ordinary to draw them naked up to the top of a Gibbit or Tower full of hooks and cutting the rope to let them fall down again But by the way they are caught by some of the hooks where they commonly hang till they die for hunger 8. Doe unto others as thou wouldest be done unto thy self To those that keep these Lawes he promiseth Paradise and a place of all delights adomed with flowry Fields watered with Chrystalline Rivers beautified with Trees of gold under whose cool
Turks and made the residence of some of their principal Officers taken by Mustapha Generall of the Turkish forces in the time of Amurath the 3d. and by him fortified as the Gate and entrance of this Countrey 7. Sumachia or Shamaki betwixt Ere 's and Derbent taken by Osman Bassa at the same time Anno 1578. and made the Residence of a Beglerbeg Anno 1583. Conceived to be the Cyropolis of Ptolomy by the Persinas called Cyreckbata bearing the name of Cyrus the great Persian Monarch by whom built or beautified Remarkable at the present for a Pillar of flint-stones inter-woven with the heads of many of the Persian nobility most barbarously slain by one of the late Sultans and this Pillar here erected for a terrour to others 2. MAJOR MEDIA or MEDIA specially so called is that part hereof which lieth on the South of the Mountain Taurus Commended by the Antients for one of the godliest Countries in all Asia the fields saith Ammianns yielding abundance of Corn and Wine for their fatness and fertility very rich and no less pleasent for fresh Springs and cleer veins of water where one may see plenty of green Meadows and in them a breed of generous horses which they call Nisoei mounted by as valiant and generous Riders who with great jollity use to go unto the warres and charge furiously upon the Enemy The men commended by Polybius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. as well as the Countrey Cities of most note in it 1. Ecbatana of as great antiquity as Babylon for we find that Semiramis the wife of Ninus in a warre made against the Medes who had then rebelled taking an affection to the place caused water-courses to be made to it from the further side of the Mountain Orontes digging a passage thorow the hills with great charge and labour Destroyed by the injury of time it was re-edified by Deioces the sixt King of the Medes and afterwards much beautified and enlarged by Seleucus Nicanor Successor unto Alexander in his Asian Conquests For beauty and magnificence litle inferiour to Babylon or Ninive before described In compass 180 or 200 Furlongs which make about 24 Italian miles The walls thereof affirmed in the book of Judith to be 70. Cubits high 50. Cubits broad and the Towers upon the Gates 100 Cubits higher all built of hewn and polished stone each stone being six Cubits in length and three in breadth But this is to be understood only of the innermost wall there being seven in all about it each of them higher than the other and each distinguished by the colour of their severall Pinnacles which gave unto the eye a most gallant Prospect From which variety of colours it is thought to have the name of Agbatha or Agbathana In former times the ordinary residence of the Monarchs of the Medes and Persians in the heats of the summer as Susa the chief City of Susiana in the cold of winter The Royall Palace being about a mile in compass was built with all the cost and cuuning that a stately mansion did require some of the beams thereof of silver and the rest of Cedar but those of Cedar strengthned with Plates of Gold Said by Iosephus to be built by the Prophet Daniel Which must be understood no otherwise in the truth of Story than that he over-saw the Workmen or contrived the Model appointed to that office by Darius Medus to whom the building of the same is ascribed by others Neglected by the Kings of the Parthian race it became a ruin 2. Tauris situate in or neer the place of Echatana out of whose rubbish it was built Distanta 150 miles from the Caspian Sea under the shadow of Orontes now called Baronta but opening Southwards towards a large and spacious Campagn in compass about six miles and beautified on the South-west within a large and pleasant garden the work of Sultan Tamas who resided here often the buildings for the most part of brick which flat Roofs as generally in all the East well peopled as containing 200000 persons of all sorts and Sects Of great trading subdued by the Turks by whom it was thrice taken within very few years viz. by Selimus the first Anno 1514. by Solyman the Magnificent Anno 1530. and by Osman Bassa generall of Amarath the 3d. Anno 1585. But this last finding it too chargeable to be always garrisoned and nototherwise tenable but by force pulled down the walls and built a large and capacious Citadel both Town and Citadel recovered by Emir-Hamze Mirza Prince of Persia and father of Sultan Sofy Anno 1614. after it had been for a hundred years a continuall prey unto the Turks 3. Arsacia so named by Ptolomy and by the name conjectured to be built by some of the Parthian race Ruined long since but more beautifully revived than ever in the present 4. Casbin raised from the ruins of that Town Situate in a fair and open place on the banks of a litle River which serveth 〈◊〉 for houshold uses but not for trafick Exceedingly enriched by removall of the Court from Tauris hither in the time of Tamas partly invited thereunto by the richness of the soyl and the commodiousness of the place but chiefly that he might without danger attend the Turks who began to incroach on his dominions In compass about seven miles beautified with a large market-place many stately Mosques and the Sultans Palace this last adjoyning to the first convenient enough but neither of great state nor beauty 5. Rages or Raga mentioned in the book of Tobit so called from Ragas the sonne of Phaleg the founder of it situate neer the spacious Plain so memorable for the great breed of horses spoken of before and therefore in that book called the Plain of Rages Repaired afterwards by the Greeks it was named Europus and so stands in Ptolonty 6. Nassivan supposed by some to be the Artasata more probably the Nasman◠of the Antient Writers a place much aimed at by the Turks in their Persian warres 7. Ardoville on or neer the banks of the great lake Argis spoken of before the birth-place and chief Seat of Guine and Aider the first Authors of the Sophian Sect and the burrall place of Sultan Hysmael the first Persian Sultan of that line 8. Sultania about six dayes journey from Taurus environed with high Mountains the tops of which continually covered with snow may be seen farre off founded by Alyaptu the 8th King of the Sixt or Tartarian Dynasty and by him made the Royall Seat of the Persian Sultans whence it had the name But ruinated by the Tartars it retaineth nothing now of its former splendour but the Mosques or Temples one of them the fairest in the East which the Tartars spared 9. Tyroan in the Territory of Sultania situate in a large Plain but not farre from the Mountains beautified with a fair Market-place many pleasant Gardens of private men and one belonging to the King environed with a wall of greater Circuit than
to his estate 8. Mango Cham to whom Haiton an Armenian Prince and the chief Compiler of the Tartarian History went for ayd against the Caliph of Bagdt By whose perswasion the said Mango Cham is said to have been christned with all his houshold and many nobles of both sexes 9. Cublay Cham the sonne of Mango 10. Tamor Cham the Nephew of Cablay by his sonne Cingis 11. Demâ—r Cham the great Cham of Cathay in the year 1540 or thereabouts What the names of the Chams are who have since reigned we cannot learn nor what memorable acts have been done among them The great distance of Countries and difficulty of the journey have hindred further discoveries For the great Cham and his next neighbour the King of China will neither suffer any of their subjects to travell abroad nor permit any foreiners to view their dominions or enter into them unless either Embassadours or Merchants and those but sparingly and under very great restraints to avoid all giving of intelligence touching their affairs The government is tyrannicall the great Cham being Lord of all and in his tongue besides which they have almost no laws consisteth the power of life or death He is called by the simple vulgar the shadow of spirits and sonne of the immortall God and by himself is reputed to be the Monarch of the whole world For this cause every day assoon as he hath dined he causeth his trumpets to be sounded by that sign giving leave to the other Kings and Princes of the earth to go to dinner A fine dream of universal Monarchy At the death of the Cham the seven chief Princes assemble to crown his sonne whom they place on a black coarse cloth telling him if he reign well heaven shall be his reward if ill he shall not have so much as a corner of that black cloth to rest his body on then they put the crown on his head and kissing his feet swear unto him fealty and homage And at the funerall of these great Monarchs they use to kill some of his guard-Soudiers whereof he hath 12000 in continuall pay saying unto them Itâ— domino nostro seâ—vâ—â—e in â—â—ia vita Paulus Venetus reporteth that at the obsequies of Manâ—o Cham no fewer than 10000 were slain on this occasion There Chams are for the most part severe justicers and punish almost every small fact with sudden death but theft especially Insomuch that a man in Cambalu taking a paâ—l of milk from a womans head and beginning to drink thereof upon the womans out-cry was apprehended and cut a sunder with a sword so that the blood and the milk came out together Nor are Adultery or lying punished with less than death and so ordained to be by the lawes of Cingis their first Emperour a wiser man than possibly could be expected from so rude a Countrey and of so little breeding in the knowledge of books or business the Tartars being utterly without the use of letters till the conquest of the Huyri a Cathaian nation but of Christian faith What forces the Great Chams in the height of their power were able to draw into the field may be conjectured at by the Army of Tamerlaâ—e consisting of 1200000 horse and foot as was said before And looking on them as confined within Cathar we shall find them not inferiour to the greatest Princes For Cublaâ— Cham long after the division of this great estate which was made by Tamerlane had in the field against Naian his Unkle and one Caidu who had then rebelled an Army of 100000 foot and 360000 horse there being 500000 horse on the other side Which made almost a million of men in both Armies And this is probable enough if report be true touching the Chams of Zagathay and those of â—urchestan before reduced under the obedience of the other of which the first is said to have been able to raise 300000 horse and the last an hundred thousand more For standing forces he maintaiâ—s 12000 horse distributed amongst four Captains for the guard of his person besides which he hath great forces in every Province and within four miles of every City ready to come upon a call if occasion be so that he need not fear any outward invasion and much less any homebred rebellions Of the Revenues of the Cham I can make no estimate but may conclude them to be what he list himself he being the absolute Lord of all the Subject without any thing he can call his own But that which ordinarily doth accrew unto him is the tenth of wooll Silk hemp coâ— and Cattel Then doth he draw into his own hands all the gold and silver which is brought into the Countrey which he causeth to be melted and preserved in his treasurie imposing on his people instead of money in some places Cockle-shels in others a black coin made of the bark of trees with his stamp upon it And besides this hath to himself the whole trade of Pearl-fishing which no body upon pain of death dare fish for but by leave from him So that his Treasury is conceived to be very rich though his Annual in-come be uncertain or not certainly known And so much for Tartary OF CHINA CHINA is bounded on the East with the Orientall Ocean on the West with India on the North with Tartary from which separared by a continued chain of hills part of those of Ararat and where that chain is broken off or interrupted with a great wall extended 400 Leagues in length built as they say by Tzaintzon the 117th King hereof and on the South partly with Cauâ—hin-China a Province of India partly with the Ocean It was called antiently Sine or Sinarum Regio by which name it is still called at the present by our modern Lâ—â—inistâ— and from whence that of China seems to be derived By Paulus Venetâ—s called Mangi by the neighbouring Countries Sanglai by the natives Taine and Taybinâ—o which last signifies no other than a Realm or by way of excellence the Realm By the Arabians it is called Tzinin and the inhabitants call themselves by the name of â—angis It is said to contain in circuit 69516 Dâ—ez of China measure which reduced to our Europaean measure will make a compass in the whole of 3000 Leagues the length thereof extended from the borders of India to Colâ—m one of the Northern Provinces of this Continent 1800 Leagues But they that say so speak at randome For besides that 1800 Leagues in length must needs carry a greater compass than 3000 Leagues they make it by this reckoning to be bigger than Europe which I think no sober man will granâ— And answerable to this vast compass it is said also to contain no fewer than 15. Provinces every one of which is made to be of a greater Continenâ—â—han the greatest Realm we know in Europe Yet not a Continent of wast ground or full of unhabitable Desarâ—s as in other places but full of goodly Towns and Cities The names of which
the Sun entred into that Sign was wholly enlightened with his beams without any shadow so perpendiculary did the body of it stand over the pit This the last City of Egypt towards Aethiopia And now I should proceed according to my Method in other places to the Storie of Egypt but being that Libya and Cyrene are now accompted Members of it the fortunes whereof they have also followed in all or most of the mutations of State Government I shall first take a view of them as the limbs of this body and shew you how they were united under that one Head by which now directed 2. MARMARICA 2. LIBRA or MARMARICA hath on the East Egypt properly so called on the West Cyrene on the North that part of the Mediterranean Sea which was hence called Mare Libycum and sometimes Parthenium and on the South some part of Aethiopia Superior It had the name of Libya from the old Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying black agreeable to the complexion of the people which is black and swarthie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 antiqua lingua Graca niger saith a learned Writer or possibly enough from Lub an Arabian word signifying thirst as suitable unto the nature of the soile which is drie and sandie in which respect called by the Greeks Xero-Libya or Libya sicca From hence the South-wind blowing from these Coasts towards Greece and Italy had the name of Lybs and the Promontorie in Sicilie opposite unto it that of Lilybaeum It was also called Marmarica perhaps from the Marmaridae a chief People of it though placed by Ptolomie in Cyrene and sometimes Barca from Barce a chief City in it of late times Barca Marmarica by both names united The Country for the most part very dry and barren and but meanly peopled insomuch as Alexander passing through part of it towards the Temple of Iupiter Hammon in the space of four dayes saw neither Man Beast Bird Tree nor River Covered over in most places with a thick light sand which the winds remove up and down continually turning vallies into hils and hils into vallies Found by Cambyses to his cost who as basely esteeming of the Gods as he did of his Subjects sent part of his Army into this Country to destroy the Temple above mentioned but in the passage towards that prohibited place fifty thousand of them were overwhelmed and smothered in a storm of sand the rest with much adoe escaping Called therefore Xero-Libya or Libya Sicca as before was noted and Libya sitiens thirsty Libya per calidas Libyae sitientis arenas in that Verse of Lucan The people neighbours unto Egypt and consequently much of the same condition Said by Herodotus by whom they are called Adyrnachidae to be governed by the like Lawes and Customs as the Egyptians were but to differ from them in their habit Of colour dark and black of constitution lean and dry and inclining to Melancholy angry on every light occasion very litigious and eager prosecutors of their dues By an old observation among themselves they abstained both from Beef and Hog-meat So obstinate in denying their accustomed Tributes that he who could not shew the marks of his sufferings for it either black or blue was accompted no body And so resolved to conceal any thing disgraceful to them that if any of them were apprehended for a Robbery no torment could compell him to tell his name At this time little differing in person temper or condition from the Egyptians Moors and Arabes intermixt amongst them Converted to the faith of Christ with or not long after the rest of Egypt of which then reckoned for a Province it became part of the Patriarchate of Alexandria whose jurisdiction over it was confirmed by the Council of Nice to the calling of which famous Council this Country occasionally concurred by bringing into the World that wretched Arius who with his Heterodexies and contentious Cavils had disturbed the Church His Heresie condemned in that famous Council but his Person by the Divine justice of God reserved to a more remarkable punishment Being sent for by the Emperor Constantine to make a Recantation of his former Heresies he first writ out a Copy of his own Opinions which he hid in his bosom and then writing out the Recantation expected from him took oath that he did really mean as he had written which words the Emperor referred to the Recantation he to the Paper in his bosom But God would not be so cozened though the Emperor was For as he passed in triumph through the streets of Constantinople he drew aside into a private house of Ease where he voided his guts into the draught and sent his soul as an Harbinger to the Devil to make room for his body Not more infamous for the birth of this Miscreant who denied the Divinity of Christ then famous for the birth of one of the Sibyls hence sirnamed Libyca by whom the same had been foreshewn Which Sibyls seem to have taken denomination from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Iovis consiliorum consciae They were in number ten viz. 1. Persica 2. Libyca 3. Delphica 4. Cumaea 5. Samia 6. Hellespontiaca 7. Tiburtina 8. Albunea 9. Erythraea and 10. Cumana which last is affirmed to have written the Nine books of the Sibyls They were all presented by an old woman to Tarquinius Superbus but he not willing to pay so great a sum of mony as was demanded denied them whereupon the old women burnt three of them requiring as much mony for the other six as for all which being denied she also burnt the other three asking as much for the three remaining as for the rest which Superbus amazed gave and the old Trot vanquished These books contained manifest tokens of the kingdom of Christ his name his birth and death They were burned by the Arch-traitor Stilico So that those Prophecies of theirs which are now extant are for the most part only such as had been extracted out of other writings where their authority had been quoted Concerning which though Causabon and some other of out great Philologers conceive them to be piae fraudes composed of purpose by the Fathers of the Primitive times to win credit to the Faith of CHRIST yet dare I not so far disparage those most godly men as to believe they would support so strong an edifice with so weak a prop or borrow help from falshood to evict a truth Or if they durst have been so impudently venturous how easie had it been for their learned Adversaires Porphyrie Julian and the rest of more eminent note to have detected the Imposture and silenced the Christian Advocates with reproach and scorn But of this enough here more at large elswhere Rivers of note I find not any 'T is well if in a Country so full of sands there be any at all some Lakes I meet with in my Authors the principal of which 1 Laccus 2 Lacus Lacomedis now Linxamo 3 Cleartus sufficient to preserve their few
Fez begun in the person of Idris of the blood of Mahomet by Hali and his daughter Fatima who persecuted by the opposite faction fled into Mauritania where he grew into such reputation that in short time he got both swords into his hands Dying about the 185 year of the Hegira he left his power unto his son of the same name with his father the first founder of Fesse Opposite whereunto on the other side of the water one of his sons but his name I find not built another City which in time grew into emulation with it and raising by that means a faction in the house of Idris gave opportunity to Joseph the son of Teifin or Telephine of the house of Luntune then famous for bridling the Arabians and founding the City of Morocco to suppress that family who killing the Princes of that line and 30000 of their subjects brake down the wals which parted the two Cities from one another united them by bridges and so made them one Drawn into Spain by the diffention of the Saracens there amongst themselves he added all which they held in that kingdom unto his dominions held by his successors as long as they were able to hold Morocco the Catalogue of which Princes called the house or family of the Almoravides with that of the Race of the Almohades is this which followeth The Kings or Miramomolims of Morocco 1 Teifin or Telephine the first of the Almoravides that reigned in Africk 2 Joseph sirnamed Telephinus the son of Teifin founded Morocco subdued the Kingdom of Fesse and added the Estate of the Moors in Spain unto his Dominions 3 Hali the son of Joseph 4 Albo-Halis the son of Hali supposed to be the publisher of the Works now extant in the name of Avicenne compiled at his command by some of the most learned Arabian Doctors vanquished and slain by 5 Abdelmon or Abdel-Mumen the first of the Almohades of obscure parentage but raised to so great power by the practises of Almohad a jugling Prophet of those times that he overthrew the king and obtained the kingdom of the Almoravides both in Spain and Africk An. 1150. to which he also added the Realm of Tunis and Cairoan 6 Joseph II. or Aben-Joseph the son of Abdelmon 7 Jacob or Aben-Jacob sirnamed Almansor a puissant and prudent Prince of whom much before son of Joseph II. 8 Mahomet sirnamed Enaser or the Green the brother of Almansor Discomfited by the Christians of Spain at the battel of Sier-Morena An. 1214. lost his dominions there being slain in this battel 200000 of the Moors as some Writers say who adde that the Spaniards for two dayes to-gether burnt no other fewel but the Pikes Lances and Arrows of their slaughtered Enemies yet could not consume the one half of them 9 Caid Arrax Nephew of Mahomet Enaser by his son Buxaf slain at the siege of Tremezezir a Castle of Tremesin which was held against him 10 Almorcada a kinsman of Caid Arrax outed of his estate and slain by Budebuz of the same house of the Almohades 11 Budebuz the last of the house of the Almohades setled in this Estate by the aid and valour of Jacob Aben Joseph the new King of Fesse but dealing faithlesly and ungratefully with him he was warred on by the said Jacob Ben Joseph vanquished and slain in battel the soveraignty by that means translated unto those of the Marine family An. 1270. or thereabouts But before I do proceed further with this Marine family I must again look back upon Mahomet Enaser whom I conceive the putation of the time being so agreeable to be the Admiralius Murmelius mentioned by Matthew Paris to whom our king John An. 1214. is said to have sent such a degenerous and unchristian Embassage Which strange name of Admiralius Murmelius was by that good Writer unhappily stumbled at instead of Miramomolim which also is corrupted from Amir Elmumenim that is to say Princeps Fidelium an Attribute which the great kings of the Saracen-Moors did much affect and retained it long time amongst them The story this King John being overlaid by his Barons wars and the invasions of the French sent Ambassadors to this great Prince then ruling over a great part of Spain and Barbary for aid against them offering to hold his kingdom of him and to receive withall the Law of Mahomet The Moor exceedingly offended at it told the Ambassadors that he had lately read the book of Pauls Epistles which he liked so well that were he now to choose a Religion he would have imbraced Christianity before any other But every man saith he ought to die in his own Religion the greatest thing which he disliked in that Apostle being as he said the changing of the Faith in which he was born This said he called unto him Robert of London Clark one of the Ambassadors a man ill chose for such an Errand if the tale be true of whom he demanded the form of the English Government the situation and wealth of the Country the manners of the people the life and person of the king in which being satisfied he grew into such a dislike of that King that ever after he abhorred the mention of him This is the substance of the story in Matthew Paris But you must know he was a Monk to which brood of men King John was held for a mortal Enemy and therefore this Relation not to passe for Gospel But whatsoever opinion King John might have of the power of this King to whom t is possible enough he might send for aide certain it is that he was grown so low in his Reputation after the loss of that great battell in Siera Morena that not onely the Spanish Moors withdrew their obedience from him as a Prince unable to support them but those of Africk did revolt also from the Crown of Morocco extreamly weakned by that blow after his decease For Comoranca Aben Zein of the house of Abdaluad seized upon Tremesen in the time of Caid Arrax his Successour as Bucar Aben Merin of the noble Marine Family descended from a Christian stock did the like at Fez. Setled in his estate by the vanquishment of Almorcada the Miramomolim he left it to Hiaja his son under the governance and protection of a Brother of his called Jacob Ben Joseph But the young Prince dying shortly after left his new Kingdom to his Uncle who aiding Budebuz before mentioned dispossed Almorcada of the Realm of Morocco and afterwards having just cause of quarrell against this Budebuz invaded his Dominions overcame and slew him and once again transferred the Imperial seat from Morocco to Fez. In him began the Empire of the Marine Family who held their Residence in Fez as the first seat of their power Morocco being Governed by an under-King the rest of the Provinces of that Kingdom Cantonned into several States the Sea-coasts in some tract of time being gained by the Portugals And in his line but with great confusions the Royall