kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v from_o all_o antiquity_n in_o the_o very_a territory_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v comprehend_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v there_o be_v also_o very_a many_o right_n among_o we_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o to_o such_o as_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o some_o conceiv_n to_o be_v ground_v upon_o that_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o discourse_n as_o the_o confiscation_n of_o good_n derelict_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o wale-fish_n sturgeon_n and_o other_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o of_o the_o satirist_n hold_v good_a 4._o quicquid_fw-la conspicuum_fw-la pulchrúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la toto_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la fisci_fw-la est_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la natat_fw-la good_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o worth_n and_o note_n belong_v to_o th'chequer_n wheresoëre_fw-la they_o float_v beside_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v out_o ashore_o when_o no_o live_a creature_n belong_v to_o the_o ship_n remain_n alive_a but_o these_o thing_n do_v not_o only_o appertain_v to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o sometime_o also_o to_o other_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n depend_v either_o upon_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o some_o land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o good_n cast_v ashore_o or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v and_o import_v or_o else_o upon_o a_o right_n over_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v first_o possess_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o any_o good_n whatsoever_o derelict_n or_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n therefore_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o draw_v those_o thing_n here_o into_o controversy_n some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v chap._n xxv_o but_o his_o intent_n be_v earnest_o to_o persuade_v the_o english_a that_o it_o be_v their_o main_a interest_n diligent_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o their_o might_n as_o the_o perpetual_a prop_n and_o support_v of_o their_o empire_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o same_o advice_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n at_o his_o interview_n with_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o on_o peace_n betwixt_o he_o and_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v down_o his_o word_n the_o true_a process_n of_o english_a policy_n of_o utterward_o to_o keep_v this_o region_n of_o our_o englond_n that_o no_o man_n may_v deny_v nor_o say_v of_o sooth_n but_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a be_v this_o that_o who_o see_v south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n cherish_v merchandise_n keep_v the_o admiralty_n that_o we_o be_v master_n of_o the_o narrow_a see_n for_o sigismond_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o yet_o reign_v when_o he_o be_v in_o this_o land_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o prince_n of_o honour_n here_o much_o glory_n as_o he_o think_v he_o find_v a_o mighty_a land_n which_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o war_n in_o france_n and_o make_v mortality_n and_o ever_o well_o keep_v round_o about_o the_o see_n and_o to_o the_o king_n thus_o he_o say_v my_o brother_n when_o he_o perceivae_v two_o town_n calys_n and_o dover_n of_o all_o your_o town_n to_o choose_v of_o one_o and_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o sea_n and_o soon_o to_o come_v over_o to_o be_v outward_o and_o your_o reign_n to_o recover_v keep_v these_o two_o town_n sure_a and_o your_o maâ—estie_n as_o your_o tweyne_a eye_n so_o keep_v the_o narrow_a see_n for_o if_o this_o see_v be_v keep_v in_o time_n of_o war_n who_o can_v here_o pass_v without_o danger_n and_o woâ—_n who_o can_v escape_v who_o may_v mischief_n differre_fw-la what_o marchandie_n may_v for_o by_o be_v ago_o for_o needs_o hem_n must_v take_v trewe_v every_o foe_n flanders_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o trust_v to_o i_o or_o else_o hinder_v all_o for_o this_o narrow_a see_n what_o be_v contain_v more_o at_o large_a in_o these_o rhythme_n you_o have_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o it_o contract_v above_o in_o few_o word_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o render_v the_o word_n themselves_o the_o same_o versifier_n also_o proceed_v thus_o but_o king_n edward_n make_v a_o siege_n royal_a and_o win_v the_o town_n and_o in_o special_a the_o sea_n be_v keep_v and_o thereof_o he_o be_v lord_n thus_o make_v he_o coin_v noble_n come_v of_o record_n we_o have_v also_o divers_a other_o very_a large_a domestic_a testimony_n of_o this_o thing_n which_o be_v add_v in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v mingle_v together_o with_o the_o ancient_a recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o foreign_a nation_n concern_v the_o same_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o be_v a_o libel_n publish_v of_o old_a or_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v wherein_o very_a many_o foreign_a nation_n heretofore_o in_o the_o time_n our_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v all_o together_o and_o by_o common_a consent_n with_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n whereto_o i_o shall_v add_v also_o a_o particular_a declaration_n of_o that_o kind_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o but_o that_o the_o strike_n of_o sail_n be_v do_v not_o only_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a king_n but_o also_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o this_o sea_n be_v i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n certain_o the_o french_a can_v doubt_v of_o it_o who_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v will_v have_v have_v themselves_o heretofore_o acknowledge_v lord_n of_o our_o sea_n but_o in_o vain_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v as_o 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or_o singularity_n especial_o when_o it_o be_v beside_o most_o apparent_a that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v not_o only_o pretend_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sound_n but_o cause_v all_o such_o ship_n as_o pass_v through_o it_o to_o pay_v what_o toll_n he_o please_v the_o great_a turk_n prohibit'_v all_o nation_n save_v his_o own_o vassal_n to_o enter_v the_o black_a sea_n or_o pontus_n euxinus_n the_o like_a he_o do_v to_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o conte_v at_o the_o least_o 1200_o mile_n in_o length_n begin_v from_o the_o streit_n of_o babelmandel_n which_o give_v we_o entrance_n thereinto_o and_o end_v at_o the_o town_n of_o sue_v which_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o bottom_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n any_o but_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o east-indies_n affirm_v those_o sea_n to_o be_v entire_o under_o his_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o conquest_n as_o the_o pope_n donation_n insomuch_o as_o the_o small_a vessel_n even_o of_o the_o native_n of_o those_o part_n can_v sail_v from_o port_n to_o port_n without_o the_o passport_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o goa_n or_o of_o some_o other_o by_o he_o depute_v thereto_o style_v himself_o among_o other_o his_o title_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o conquest_n navigation_n and_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n of_o aethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n india_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v hitherto_o so_o punctual_o observe_v as_o no_o castilian_a or_o spaniard_n may_v at_o any_o time_n or_o for_o any_o occasion_n sail_n into_o the_o east-indies_n though_o both_o those_o nation_n be_v for_o many_o year_n together_o unite_v under_o one_o king_n second_o if_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n dotrue_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o have_v be_v so_o sufficient_o clear_v and_o prove_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o that_o learned_a book_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la why_o may_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o all_o lawful_a way_n procure_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n that_o so_o just_o apperte_v unto_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o any_o force_n violence_n or_o opposition_n how_o great_a soever_o of_o their_o most_o powerful_a neighbour_n whenas_o we_o see_v the_o venetian_n to_o be_v so_o jealous_a in_o preservation_n of_o the_o title_n they_o pretend_v to_o their_o sea_n as_o rather_o than_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o sort_n question_v they_o do_v upon_o all_o occasion_n oppose_v themselves_o by_o force_n or_o otherwise_o against_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n vale._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dominium_fw-la maris_fw-la or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea._n after_o a_o long_a peace_n betwixt_o the_o progenitor_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o year_n 1508_o there_o begin_v certain_a slight_a difference_n which_o conclude_v in_o a_o notable_a and_o most_o memorable_a war_n insomuch_o as_o the_o republic_n for_o 22_o year_n follow_v be_v with_o the_o say_a prince_n and_o with_o his_o posterity_n for_o divers_a respect_n sometime_o in_o war_n sometime_o in_o peace_n and_o sometime_o in_o truce_n until_o in_o the_o year_n 1529_o all_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v compose_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v in_o bolonia_n which_o continue_v all_o that_o age_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n ferdinando_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o archduke_n of_o austria_n but_o because_o by_o the_o division_n make_v betwixt_o the_o say_a brethren_n seven_o year_n before_o all_o the_o austrian_a land_n which_o confine_v with_o the_o venetian_n be_v lay_v by_o agreement_n unto_o the_o part_n which_o belong_v unto_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o confine_n of_o which_o as_o they_o have_v conjuncture_n with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o republic_n be_v very_o intricate_a and_o of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o conclude_v unto_o whether_o party_n they_o do_v belong_v as_o well_o for_o the_o public_a reason_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n as_o for_o those_o of_o their_o private_a subject_n to_o end_v all_o which_o in_o quiet_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o arbitrarie_a tribunal_n erect_v in_o trent_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o these_o doubt_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1535_o pronounce_v sentence_n whereby_o all_o the_o difference_n be_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o be_v definitive_o conclude_v here_o notwithstanding_o the_o difficulty_n cease_v not_o because_o some_o do_v travers_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o as_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n new_a quarrel_n do_v arise_v from_o both_o side_n each_o one_o pretend_v new_a wrongâ—_n offer_v by_o the_o advers._fw-la party_n whereupon_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o difference_n there_o be_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n as_o well_o of_o ferdinando_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n as_o of_o the_o republic_n a_o convention_n appoint_v in_o friuli_n 1563_o of_o five_o commissary_n one_o procurator_n and_o three_o advocate_n for_o each_o part_n who_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o difference_n as_o well_o old_a as_o new_a and_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o conclude_v they_o under_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v desire_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o better_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o his_o subject_n of_o several_a province_n interest_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o imperial_a side_n the_o commissary_n be_v andrew_n preghel_n a_o baron_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n dorimbergh_n elenger_n de_fw-fr goritia_n stephen_n sourz_n and_o anthony_n statemberger_n the_o procurator_n be_v giacomo_n campana_n chancellor_n of_o goritia_n the_o doctor_n or_o advocate_n be_v andrea_n rapicio_fw-la gervasio_n alberto_n and_o giovan_n maria_n gratia_n dei_fw-la for_o the_o venetian_n the_o commissary_n be_v sebastian_z venier_n marino_n de_fw-fr cavalli_n pietro_n sanudo_n giovan_n baptista_n contarini_n and_o augustin_n barbarigo_n the_o procurator_n be_v giovan_n antonio_n a_o secretary_n the_o advocates_n marquardo_fw-it susanna_n francisco_n gratiano_n and_o giacomo_n chizzola_n at_o this_o convention_n the_o complaint_n on_o both_o side_n be_v open_v which_o be_v argue_v and_o the_o other_o public_a difference_n partly_o compose_v and_o partly_o decide_v there_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n a_o petition_n of_o the_o imperial_a procurator_n in_o this_o form_n ejusden_n majestatis_fw-la nomine_fw-la requiritur_fw-la ut_fw-la posthac_fw-la illius_fw-la subditis_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o sinu_fw-la adriatico_n tutò_fw-la navigare_fw-la ac_fw-la negotiari_fw-la liceat_fw-la item_n ut_fw-la damna_fw-la tergestinis_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la illata_fw-la restituantur_fw-la it_o be_v require_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o majesty_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o his_o subject_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v and_o navigate_v safe_o in_o the_o adriatic_a gulf._n likewise_o that_o recompense_n be_v make_v for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o trieste_n and_o other_o and_o rapicio_fw-la the_o advocate_n do_v accompany_v this_o demand_n with_o say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n to_o be_v handle_v with_o any_o subtlety_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a notwithstanding_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o go_v with_o their_o ship_n to_o venice_n and_o there_o to_o pay_v custom_n at_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v aggrieve_v and_o make_v instance_n that_o it_o may_v be_v remedy_v to_o this_o chizzola_n advocate_n of_o the_o republic_n make_v answer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o clear_a case_n indeed_o that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a but_o yet_o 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republic_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o adriatiok_n sea_n do_v exercise_v that_o dominion_n at_o the_o present_a
neptune_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n 1_o of_o thou_o great_a state_n the_o god_n of_o wave_n in_o equal_a wrong_n assistance_n crave_n defend_v thyself_o and_o i_o for_o if_o over_o sea_n there_o be_v no_o sway_n my_o godhead_n clean_o be_v take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n pluck_v from_o thou_o such_o as_o over_o sea_n all_o sovereignty_n oppose_v though_o seem_a friend_n to_o both_o be_v true_o foe_n 2_o nor_o can_v i_o think_v my_o suit_n be_v vain_a that_o land_n the_o sea_n shall_v now_o maintain_v since_o retribution_n due_a and_o england_n have_v great_a wealth_n possess_v by_o sea_n access_n and_o thereby_o blessed_v with_o plenty_n not_o a_o few_o which_o next_o the_o virtue_n of_o thy_o watchful_a eye_n will_v her_o secure_a from_o foreign_a miserle_n 3_o thy_o great_a endeavour_n to_o encrea_n the_o marine_a power_n do_v confess_v thou_o act'st_a some_o great_a design_n which_o have_v seven_o henry_n do_v before_o columbus_n launch_v from_o spanish_a shore_n the_o 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forth_o with_o some_o additional_a evidence_n and_o discourse_n by_o marchamont_n nedham_n publish_a by_o special_a command_n london_n print_v by_o william_n dugard_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o the_o new-exchange_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1652._o to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n right_a honourable_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v presume_v thus_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o great_a affair_n to_o press_v into_o your_o presence_n do_v i_o not_o bring_v a_o present_a in_o my_o hand_n most_o worthy_a of_o your_o acceptance_n it_o be_v that_o learned_a and_o elaborate_a work_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la a_o piece_n so_o full_o vindicate_v your_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o reason_n and_o record_v from_o all_o antiquity_n that_o it_o stand_v more_o impregnable_a against_o the_o pen_n than_o the_o island_n itself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o foreign_a nation_n it_o be_v write_v original_o in_o latin_a for_o the_o assert_v of_o this_o right_n before_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o they_o have_v be_v convince_v by_o it_o appear_v hitherto_o by_o the_o universal_a admiration_n that_o attend_v it_o but_o consider_v what_o pity_v it_o be_v that_o so_o rare_a a_o jewel_n as_o this_o which_o have_v draw_v the_o envy_n of_o some_o few_o but_o the_o approbation_n of_o all_o shall_v lie_v so_o long_o lock_v up_o in_o a_o language_n unknown_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v in_o this_o present_a juncture_n to_o let_v the_o people_n have_v a_o clear_a understanding_n of_o their_o near_a interest_n and_o how_o that_o right_o have_v be_v receive_v in_o all_o age_n which_o a_o strange_a people_n in_o this_o latter_a age_n have_v be_v bold_a to_o undermine_v it_o be_v judge_v very_o requisite_a to_o unlock_v the_o cabinet_n and_o expose_v the_o jewel_n to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o they_o may_v prize_v it_o and_o apprehend_v not_o only_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o concernment_n but_o how_o far_o we_o and_o our_o posterity_n must_v stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o name_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o noble_a selden_n as_o for_o myself_o though_o it_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o mean_a service_n to_o translate_v yet_o when_o i_o consult_v with_o my_o own_o thought_n which_o way_n i_o may_v best_o express_v my_o duty_n and_o affection_n to_o your_o present_a caus_n and_o consider_v that_o little_o can_v be_v say_v or_o collect_v upon_o this_o subject_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v not_o abundant_o set_v forth_o in_o this_o irrefragable_a treatise_n i_o conceive_v it_o a_o task_n of_o no_o less_o importance_n than_o difficulty_n and_o now_o it_o be_v do_v if_o it_o be_v well_o do_v i_o shall_v believ_n myself_o to_o have_v attein_v no_o small_a happiness_n in_o have_v my_o name_n any_o way_n relate_v to_o the_o learned_a author_n who_o shall_v ever_o live_v like_o himself_o in_o this_o excellent_a book_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o memory_n of_o britain_n or_o of_o the_o sea_n that_o flow'_v about_o it_o it_o be_v a_o work_n begin_v it_o seem_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n and_o then_o lay_v aside_o again_o for_o above_o sixteen_o year_n but_o afterward_o revive_v alter_v and_o enlarge_v by_o the_o learned_a author_n as_o he_o say_v in_o his_o epistle_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o late_a tyrant_n and_o as_o it_o be_v write_v for_o he_o so_o it_o be_v dedicate_v to_o he_o as_o be_v suppose_v one_o who_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v a_o fit_a patron_n of_o the_o dominion_n here_o assert_v however_o this_o i_o find_v that_o as_o he_o seem_v by_o his_o naval_a preparation_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o to_o resent_v the_o many_o injurious_a usurpation_n of_o our_o unruly_a neighbour_n and_o do_v in_o word_n also_o strenuous_o assert_v the_o jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n so_o he_o set_v a_o value_n upon_o this_o book_n as_o it_o be_v main_a evidence_n and_o in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v upon_o his_o special_a command_n deliver_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n william_n beecher_n one_o of_o the_o clerk_n of_o his_o council_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n in_o open_a court_n and_o by_o immediate_a order_n of_o that_o court_n it_o be_v place_v among_o their_o public_a record_n where_o it_o remain_n to_o this_o day_n now_o have_v he_o persist_v with_o the_o same_o firm_a resolution_n in_o this_o honourable_a business_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o he_o do_v in_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o nation_n be_v interest_n the_o netherlander_n have_v be_v prevent_v from_o spin_v out_o their_o long_a opportunity_n to_o a_o imaginary_a claim_n of_o prescription_n so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v have_v less_o pretence_n to_o act_n those_o insolence_n now_o which_o in_o former_a time_n never_o dare_v enter_v the_o thought_n of_o their_o predecessor_n the_o truth_n be_v too_o much_o easiness_n and_o indulgence_n to_o the_o father_n and_o grandfather_n of_o the_o present_a generation_n be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o elevate_a they_o to_o this_o height_n of_o confidence_n in_o press_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n for_o who_o know_v not_o with_o what_o tenderness_n and_o upon_o what_o term_n they_o be_v first_o take_v into_o the_o bosom_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n yet_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o warm_v but_o they_o show_v their_o sting_n and_o prove_v the_o only_a great_a vexation_n because_o deceitful_a friend_n to_o that_o excellent_a lady_n who_o in_o those_o infant-day_n be_v both_o mother_n and_o nurse_n of_o their_o ungrateful_a republic_n too_o
eminent_a limit_v like_o a_o mound_n but_o any_o kind_n of_o imaginary_a line_n by_o straight_a line_n crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n have_v take_v place_n in_o the_o designation_n of_o private_a dominion_n or_o in_o the_o shut_n or_o enclose_v of_o a_o thing_n possess_v in_o a_o civil_a acception_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o those_o field_n which_o be_v term_v agri_n occupatorii_n and_o arcifinii_n as_o well_o as_o any_o eminent_a and_o continue_a limit_v or_o mound_n whatsoëver_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o assignation_n of_o colony_n they_o call_v those_o place_n clausa_fw-la and_o extraclusa_n who_o limit_n â—ere_z divide_v only_o by_o such_o kind_n of_o line_n agrorum_fw-la julius_n frontinus_n say_v that_o field_n my_o bee_n call_v ager_n extraclusus_fw-la which_o lie_v within_o the_o border_a line_n and_o the_o century_n and_o therefore_o extraclusus_fw-la because_o it_o be_v close_v with_o the_o border_a line_n beyond_o the_o limit_n so_o the_o territory_n assign_v as_o well_o in_o the_o colony_n at_o this_o day_n carry_v into_o america_n as_o in_o that_o prodigious_a gift_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o in_o the_o former_a age_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n from_o the_o â—8_o artic_a to_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n be_v close_v by_o line_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n draw_v through_o the_o degree_n of_o heaven_n that_o they_o may_v be_v possess_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n so_o the_o greek_a sea_n which_o be_v within_o the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n be_v by_o cimonis_fw-la agreement_n shut_v and_o prohibit_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o the_o persian_a emperor_n so_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o be_v shut_v or_o close_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n other_o passage_n there_o be_v every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o i_o enlarge_v myself_o too_o much_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o manifest_a therefore_o i_o forbear_v to_o light_v a_o candle_n to_o the_o sun_n farewell_o reader_n from_o the_o inner_a temple_n iv_o november_n mdcxxxv_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n pag._n 1_o chap._n ii_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o pag._n 3_o chap._n iii_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n pag._n 11_o chap._n iv_o of_o dominion_n both_o common_a to_o all_o and_o private_a also_o its_o original_a either_o by_o distribution_n or_o primarie_a occupation_n pag._n 16_o chap._n v._o the_o effect_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o what_o regard_n have_v be_v have_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n and_o division_n of_o thing_n pag._n 24_o chap._n vi_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o divine_a oracle_n of_o holy_a scripture_n do_v allow_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o wide_a ocean_n also_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o at_o least_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o jewish_a law_n annex_v to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n by_o the_o assignation_n or_o appointment_n of_o god_n himself_o pag._n 27_o chap._n vii_o that_o the_o natural-permissive_a law_n whereof_o any_o use_n may_v be_v in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o noble_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a pag._n 42_o chap._n viii_o the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n pag._n 46_o chap._n ix_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a pag._n 53_o chap._n x._o that_o after_o minos_n of_o crete_n seventeen_o nation_n of_o renown_n in_o the_o east_n succeed_v each_o other_o do_v for_o very_o many_o year_n even_o without_o intermission_n enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphylian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o continent_n or_o island_n pag._n 56_o chap._n xi_o touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lacedæmonians_n and_o athenian_n moreover_o also_o that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n pag._n 65_o chap._n xii_o other_o testimony_n which_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n pag._n 69_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o spinetans_n tuscan_n carthaginian_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o west_n pag._n 74_o chap._n fourteen_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v their_o custom_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n pag._n 77_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v pag._n 89_o chap._n xvi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o gâ—nova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoêse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n pag._n 99_o chap._n xvii_o concern_v the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 107_o chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a pag_n 111_o chap._n xix_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n pag._n 118_o chap._n xx._n a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n pag._n 123_o chap._n xxi_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a pag._n 127_o chap._n xxii_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o concern_v its_o magnitude_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n pag._n 135_o chap._n xxiii_o a_o answer_n to_o such_o testimony_n as_o have_v fall_v from_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o subject_n and_o which_o be_v usual_o allege_v against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 145_o chap._n xxiv_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n pag._n 150_o chap._n xxv_o touch_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n his_o answer_n that_o himself_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o translate_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o l._n deprecatio_fw-la ff_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a answer_n and_o a_o new_a but_o genuine_a exposition_n of_o it_o also_o that_o it_o comprehend'_v nothing_o which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 157_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o modern_a lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o fernannandus_n vasquius_fw-la and_o hugo_n grotius_n pag._n 168_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n pag._n 181_o chap._n ii_o that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n do_v enjoy_v and_o possess_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n especial_o
chap._n xxxi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n pag._n 443_o chap._n xxxii_o touch_v that_o right_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n of_o the_o north._n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n pag._n 447_o amend_v the_o error_n thus_o pag._n 2._o lin_v 31._o read_v question_n p._n 15._o l._n 25._o r._n hostage_n blot_v out_o right_o p._n 29._o l._n 2._o also_o over_o all_o other_o p._n 33._o l._n 7._o r._n thus_o it_o be_v p._n 38._o l._n 27._o r._n within_o the_o creek_n p._n 49._o l._n 31._o r._n that_o of_o neptune_n p._n 53._o l._n 29._o r._n in_o any_o wise_a p._n 56._o l._n 6._o r._n or_o which_o ibid._n l._n 14._o r._n translation_n p._n 61._o l._n 2._o r._n hereto_o p._n 64._o l._n 22._o r._n in_o the_o first_o p._n 70._o 31._o r._n they_o require_v p._n 71._o l._n 9_o r._n antigonus_n witty_o reply_v that_o he_o himself_o p._n 74._o l._n 6._o r._n counsel_n p._n 75._o l._n 21._o r._n first_o ibid._n l._n 28._o r._n league_n that_o be_v p._n 79._o l._n 28._o r._n miscâ—um_fw-la p._n 82._o l._n 5._o r._n account_n ibid._n l._n 26._o r._n theodosius_n p._n 87._o l._n 13._o r._n that_o it_o can_v p._n 94._o l._n 30._o r._n that_o servitude_n p._n 95._o l._n 14._o r._n that_o servitude_n be_v impose_v p._n 95._o l._n 19_o r._n this_o servitude_n p._n 98._o l._n 2._o r._n â—â—lls_v p._n 105._o l._n 12._o r._n of_o p._n 106._o l._n 10._o r._n or_o p._n 123._o l._n 25._o r._n place_n according_a p._n 129._o l._n 11._o r._n i_o run_v p._n 142._o l._n 32._o r._n may_v be_v p._n 144._o l._n 11._o r._n alciaâ—â—â—_n p._n 156._o l._n 1._o r._n contemporatie_n p_o 161._o l._n 19_o r._n be_v it_o say_v p._n 163._o l._n 9_o r._n cotton_n p._n 184._o l._n 12._o r._n bacangâ—_n p._n 189._o l._n 4._o r._n too_o much_o p._n 190._o l._n 23._o r._n their._n p._n 192._o l._n 27._o r._n trim_v p._n 203._o l._n 2d_o r._n i_o be_o p._n â—â—â—_o l._n 4._o r._n thrive_v p._n 218._o l._n 30._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 221._o l._n 6._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 232._o l._n 17._o r._n at_o that_o time_n p._n 243._o l._n 31._o r._n or_o strand_n p._n 250._o l._n 28._o r._n danemarc_n p._n 255._o in_o the_o margin_n r._n coâ—â—onianâ—_n p._n 281._o l._n 12._o r._n achilles_n tatius_n p._n 303._o l._n 29._o r._n entenâ—_n p._n 306._o l._n 8._o r._n office_n of_o our_o p._n 315._o l._n 25._o r._n â—uisâ—es_o p._n 316._o l._n 20._o r._n guisâ—es_n and_o amiens_n p._n 317._o l._n 6._o r._n the_o opposite_a p._n 322._o l._n 31._o r._n piecemeal_o p._n 328._o l._n 24._o r._n account_n p._n 333._o l._n 14._o r._n caesarea_n p._n 336._o l._n 2._o r._n so_o that_o it_o ibid._n l._n 5._o r._n know_v ibid._n l._n 23._o r._n english_a by_o norman_a p._n 339._o l._n 16._o r._n the_o islander_n p._n 384._o l._n 31._o r._n of_o a_o public_a p._n 413._o l._n 1._o r._n be_v his_o plduciarie_n p._n 448._o l._n 11._o r._n feroâ—_n of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o design_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n encompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o same_o two_o main_a particular_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o law_n the_o other_o matter_n of_o fact_n both_o of_o they_o be_v denominate_v as_o be_v usual_a from_o the_o major_a part_n for_o as_o the_o point_n of_o law_n have_v many_o thing_n mingle_v with_o it_o which_o manifest_o arise_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o this_o of_o fact_n comprehend'_v not_o a_o few_o which_o relate_v unto_o that_o of_o law_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o point_n of_o law_n this_o question_n fall_v chief_o under_o debate_n to_o wit_n whether_o by_o law_n the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n and_o by_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v mean_v only_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o testimony_n or_o clear_o show_v forth_o of_o evidence_n by_o which_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o maintain_v the_o long_a and_o continual_a conjunction_n with_o the_o british_a empire_n of_o enjoiment_n and_o possession_n or_o lawful_a prescription_n whereupon_o as_o on_o a_o most_o strong_a title_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n herein_o may_v be_v found_v it_o be_v first_o make_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o only_o not_o repugnant_a by_o any_o law_n to_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n but_o every_o way_n capable_a thereof_o to_o each_o of_o these_o particular_n a_o several_a book_n be_v allot_v in_o the_o first_o be_v discuss_v matter_n of_o law_n in_o the_o second_o that_o which_o concern_v matter_n of_o fact_n for_o except_o manifest_a proof_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o point_n it_o will_v be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o discourse_n about_o the_o second_o but_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o first_o book_n it_o seem_v meet_v to_o observe_v such_o a_o method_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o rise_n or_o original_a ground_n of_o those_o dispute_n that_o have_v occasion_v this_o enquiry_n into_o the_o point_n of_o law_n together_o with_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o man_n who_o deny_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o ownership_n or_o that_o it_o may_v pass_v into_o the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a so_o as_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o exclude_v it_o from_o be_v common_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n next_o be_v premise_v some_o thing_n for_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o the_o question_n that_o it_o may_v be_v clear_o thence_o understand_v as_o well_o what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o what_o the_o thing_n be_v whereof_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v lest_o by_o neglect_n of_o such_o a_o cours_n we_o be_v perplex_v with_o doubt_n about_o the_o notion_n and_o acceptation_n either_o of_o the_o term_n themselves_o or_o of_o the_o subject_a in_o controversy_n after_o this_o preparation_n thus_o due_o make_v it_o be_v then_o demonstrate_v that_o not_o only_o no_o kind_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o right_o understand_v do_v deny_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o know_a and_o approve_v whereof_o there_o may_v be_v any_o use_n in_o dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o allow_v a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n last_o the_o objection_n usual_o bring_v against_o such_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v clear_v and_o answer_v and_o with_o these_o we_o shall_v now_o begin_v for_o the_o method_n of_o the_o second_o book_n be_v more_o convenient_o put_v there_o before_o it_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o chap._n ii_o the_o argument_n usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v draw_v from_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n passage_n and_o travel_v other_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o write_n and_o testimony_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n and_o travel_v this_o some_o man_n affirm_v to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o say_v it_o can_v no_o where_n be_v abolish_v by_o any_o law_n or_o custom_n yea_o and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o deny_v merchant_n or_o stranger_n the_o benefit_n of_o port_n provision_n commerce_n and_o navigation_n add_v moreover_o that_o war_n have_v be_v just_o commence_v upon_o denial_n of_o port_n trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o for_o proof_n they_o produce_v the_o example_n of_o the_o megarans_n 12._o against_o the_o athenian_n the_o bononian_n 20._o against_o the_o venetian_n and_o of_o the_o spaniard_n against_o those_o of_o the_o west_n indies_n for_o that_o the_o expedition_n of_o spain_n against_o the_o american_n be_v pretend_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n to_o be_v upon_o a_o 2._o just_a ground_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n within_o their_o shore_n and_o port_n and_o in_o justification_n hereof_o they_o use_v that_o of_o virgil_n as_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n quod_fw-la genus_fw-la 1._o hoc_fw-la hominum_fw-la quaeve_fw-la hunc_fw-la tam_fw-la barbara_fw-la morem_fw-la permittit_fw-la
therefore_o from_o thence_o they_o seem_v to_o hold_v that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v attein_v by_o any_o ancient_a usage_n custom_n or_o prescription_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o pretence_n or_o title_n whatsoëver_o for_o faith_n they_o no_o plea_n or_o bar_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v against_o nature_n nor_o as_o usurpationibus_fw-la papinian_n say_v be_v a_o prescription_n of_o long_a possession_n wont_a to_o be_v admit_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o such_o place_n as_o be_v public_a and_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o these_o ancient_a lawyer_n here_o mention_v be_v follow_v by_o no_o small_a train_n of_o interpreter_n though_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o even_o of_o they_o who_o restrain_v and_o qualify_v that_o ancient_a opinion_n more_o way_n than_o one_o touch_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o common_a intercour_n and_o freedom_n at_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n those_o that_o have_v appear_v most_o forward_o in_o oppose_v a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v only_o two_o both_o indeed_o very_o eminent_a man_n but_o of_o unequal_a learning_n and_o elegancy_n of_o wit_n by_o name_n fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la the_o spaniard_n and_o hugo_n grotius_n the_o hollander_n the_o former_a a_o honourable_a counsellor_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o 3._o of_o spain_n in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o exchequer_n the_o late_a be_v heretofore_o advocate_n fiscal_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-friesland_n and_o most_o deserve_o adorn_v with_o divers_a other_o honour_n in_o his_o own_o country_n a_o man_n of_o a_o acute_a judgement_n and_o for_o his_o excellency_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o learning_n incomparable_a but_o vasquius_fw-la in_o his_o discourse_n both_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o also_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o dominion_n prescription_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n etc._n from_o hence_o say_v he_o it_o appear_v how_o little_a esteem_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o genoëse_n or_o venetian_n may_v without_o injury_n forbid_v other_o to_o sail_v through_o the_o gulf_n in_o their_o respective_a sea_n as_o if_o they_o can_v have_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o sea_n by_o prescription_n which_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n above_o mention_v but_o also_o against_o the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o this_o law_n be_v evident_a because_o by_o the_o same_o law_n not_o only_o the_o sea_n but_o all_o other_o immovable_a thing_n whatsoëver_o be_v common_a and_o although_o in_o aftertime_n that_o law_n come_v to_o be_v abolish_v in_o part_n so_o far_a as_o concern_v the_o dominion_n and_o propriety_n of_o land_n which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v afterward_o distinguish_v divide_v and_o so_o separate_v from_o that_o common_a use_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o be_v still_o as_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o though_o i_o hear_v many_o of_o the_o portugal_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o king_n have_v have_v such_o a_o ancient_a title_n by_o prescription_n in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o west-indies_n so_o that_o other_o nation_n have_v no_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o those_o sea_n and_o also_o that_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n that_o no_o people_n whatsoëver_o but_o spaniard_n have_v any_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o that_o immense_a and_o most_o spacious_a sea_n to_o those_o indian_a country_n that_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o spain_n as_o if_o they_o only_o have_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n thereto_o yet_o all_o these_o man_n opinion_n be_v no_o less_o vain_a and_o foolish_a then_o they_o who_o use_v to_o dream_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o the_o genoeses_n and_o venetian_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o opinion_n appear_v the_o more_o clear_o even_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o neither_o of_o those_o nation_n single_o consider_v can_v prescribe_v aught_o against_o themselves_o that_o be_v to_o say_v neither_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o genoa_n against_o itself_o nor_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o portugal_n against_o itself_o for_o there_o ought_v ever_o to_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n much_o less_o can_v they_o prescribe_v aught_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o nation_n because_o the_o law_n of_o prescription_n be_v pure_o civil_a therefore_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o decide_v controversy_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o prince_n or_o people_n that_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a for_o the_o peculiar_a civil_a law_n of_o every_o country_n be_v of_o no_o more_o value_n as_o to_o foreign_a country_n and_o nation_n or_o their_o people_n then_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v not_o in_o be_v or_o never_o have_v be_v â—nd_v therefore_o in_o controversy_n of_o that_o nature_n recours_fw-fr must_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n original_a or_o secondary_a which_o law_n certain_o do_v never_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o prescription_n or_o usurpation_n of_o title_n over_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n he_o have_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v a_o very_a confident_a opposer_n of_o any_o peculiar_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o year_n md_o cix_o it_o be_v the_o year_n after_o that_o large_a treaty_n hold_v at_o the_o hage_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o hollander_n about_o freedom_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n to_o the_o east-indies_n there_o be_v publish_v that_o book_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n entitle_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n concern_v that_o right_n which_o the_o hollander_n have_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o indies_n wherein_o he_o endeavor_n first_o to_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n for_o all_o man_n whatsoëver_o which_o way_n they_o plea_n so_o that_o they_o can_v without_o injury_n be_v molest_v at_o sea_n next_o that_o the_o atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n or_o the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n be_v not_o nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o peculiar_a of_o the_o portugall_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o jubet_fw-la law_n and_o reason_n already_o mention_v can_v in_o no_o wise_n become_v the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o because_o nature_n not_o only_a permit_n but_o require_n it_n shall_v be_v common_a several_a other_o passage_n he_o have_v about_o this_o matter_n in_o his_o excellent_a book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o thus_o much_o in_o brief_a concern_v those_o argument_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o be_v to_o explain_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o the_o question_n and_o its_o term_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n chap._n iii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o present_a question_n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n we_o take_v the_o word_n capable_a in_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o emperor_n traian_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o his_o belove_a pliny_n 59_o solum_fw-la peregrinae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la capax_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dedicationis_fw-la quae_fw-la fit_a jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la the_o soil_n of_o a_o strange_a city_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o such_o a_o dedication_n as_o be_v make_v by_o our_o law_n moreover_o we_o shall_v explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o those_o term_n of_o law_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o sea_n we_o understand_v the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o the_o main_a ocean_n or_o out-land_n sea_n as_o those_o which_o be_v within-land_n such_o as_o the_o mediterranean_a adriatic_a aegean_a or_o levant_n british_n and_o baltic_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o differ_v not_o otherwise_o from_o the_o main_a then_o as_o homogeneous_a or_o similary_n part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n do_v from_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v the_o rule_n measure_n and_o point_v out_o of_o thing_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a fall_v under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n fither_o as_o it_o be_v obligatorie_n which_o be_v call_v also_o preceptive_a or_o as_o it_o be_v permissive_a
which_o be_v also_o by_o writer_n common_o term_v concessive_a as_o obligatorie_n it_o be_v know_v by_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v command_v or_o forbid_v as_o to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_a not_o to_o forswear_v and_o the_o like_a as_o permissive_a it_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o thing_n who_o use_n be_v neither_o command_v nor_o forbid_v but_o permit_v as_o in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o buy_v sell_v enfranchisement_n frame_v condition_n of_o contract_n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o contractor_n and_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o both_o these_o kind_n of_o law_n concern_v either_o mankind_n in_o general_n that_o be_v all_o nation_n or_o not_o all_o that_o which_o relate_n to_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n or_o all_o nation_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o divine_a that_o be_v either_o manifest_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v elegant_o describe_v by_o tertullian_n to_o be_v the_o militis_fw-la common_a law_n write_v throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o the_o very_a book_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o grecian_n call_v alij_fw-la the_o law_n of_o mankind_n and_o by_o the_o civilian_n the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o else_o it_o isâ—_n declare_v and_o set_v down_o in_o those_o divine_a oracle_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o writing_n both_o which_o may_v proper_o be_v term_v the_o universal_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o mankind_n and_o whatëver_o be_v obligatorie_n in_o either_o of_o these_o either_o out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o rather_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n of_o nature_n be_v repute_v by_o man_n to_o be_v unchangeable_a according_a to_o that_o say_n so_o often_o use_v by_o 8._o philosopher_n etc._n divine_n and_o naturalia_fw-la lawyer_n that_o the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o permissive_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o divine_a 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league_n nor_o lawful_a compact_n bind_v nor_o law_n that_o rule_n and_o pacify_v man_n mind_n as_o he_o say_v 4._o of_o the_o bebrycian_o that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o such_o nation_n be_v express_o record_v also_o by_o 6._o aristotle_n and_o sallust_n out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o jugurthino_n hiempsal_n say_v concern_v the_o getuli_n and_o libian_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o africa_n neque_fw-la moribus_fw-la neque_fw-la lege_fw-la neque_fw-la imperio_fw-la cujusquam_fw-la regebantur_fw-la they_o be_v rule_v neither_o by_o custom_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o command_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n concern_v the_o catilinar_a aborigines_n genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la a_o rude_a sort_n of_o man_n without_o law_n without_o government_n free_a and_o dissolute_a therefore_o we_o must_v have_v recours_fw-fr hear_v unto_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o 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to_o neptune_n but_o omit_v
against_o those_o pirate_n as_o enemy_n of_o humane_a society_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v commission_n daily_o grant_v against_o pirate_n that_o rob_v and_o spoil_v in_o any_o sea_n not_o yet_o possess_v but_o that_o very_a sea-territorie_n which_o the_o cilician_o have_v invade_v be_v recover_v by_o arms._n from_o whence_o 4._o manilius_n break_v his_o forth_o in_o a_o poetical_a rapture_n quis_fw-la te_fw-la niliaco_n peritarum_fw-la littore_fw-la magne_n post_fw-la victas_fw-la mithridatis_n open_v pelagúsque_fw-la receptum_fw-la crederet_fw-la who_o will_v have_v think_v great_a pompey_n when_o for_o rome_n thou_o mithridates_n force_n have_v o'recom_v and_o do_v from_o pirate_n hand_n the_o sea_n restore_v thou_o shall_v have_v perish'ton_a the_o egyptian_a shore_n therefore_o lactantius_n ought_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v resemble_v neptune_n to_o pompey_n as_o to_z the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n there_o be_v in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o god_n may_v seem_v to_o show_v what_o opinion_n the_o ancient_n be_v of_o touch_v the_o right_a and_o custom_n of_o man_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o when_o they_o clothe_v their_o god_n with_o the_o person_n of_o man_n they_o common_o speak_v such_o thing_n of_o they_o as_o belong_v unto_o man_n from_o whence_o hâ—siod_n say_v jupiter_n grant_v unto_o hecate_n that_o she_o shall_v possess_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o of_o oppianus_n concern_v 1._o amphitrite_n be_v make_v queen_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o neptune_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o constitute_v her_o queen_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o nonnus_n 34._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d beroë_n have_v the_o empire_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n instance_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o therefore_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o fabulous_a time_n the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a chap._n ix_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o historical_a time_n or_o that_o which_o comprehend'_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o expire_v some_o age_n since_o we_o begin_v from_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o cretan_n at_o sea_n afterward_o we_o trace_v a_o catalogue_n not_o only_o of_o very_o many_o people_n of_o old_a greece_n and_o other_o nation_n famous_a heretofore_o in_o the_o east_n of_o like_a command_n and_o dominion_n in_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphilian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o several_a change_n thereof_o but_o also_o we_o show_v that_o the_o dominion_n both_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n in_o their_o adjoin_a sea_n as_o the_o upper_a the_o low_a the_o more_o easterly_a sea_n also_o and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o west_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o custom_n as_o a_o thing_n very_o usual_a and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n i._o minos_n the_o son_n of_o lycastus_n say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n king_n of_o candia_n crete_n possess_v the_o cretan_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o levant_n aegean_a as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n so_o say_v thucydides_n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d minos_n hold_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o greek_a sea_n as_o lord_n thereof_o so_o true_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o be_v construe_v both_o here_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a instance_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o to_o have_v command_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o signifie'_v can_v be_v otherwise_o mean_v than_o very_o plain_o thus_o that_o any_o one_o who_o be_v lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v act_n as_o deputy_n or_o by_o permission_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n may_v prescribe_v rule_n and_o law_n to_o the_o number_n of_o other_o man_n ship_n and_o passage_n toll_v or_o tribute_n throughout_o the_o several_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o he_o withold_n or_o permit_n the_o use_n of_o his_o land_n to_o husbandman_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v all_o one_o howsoêver_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o signifie'_v only_o 209._o to_o be_v strong_a and_o powerful_a in_o ship_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o diodorus_n siculus_n 42._o nicolaus_n damascenus_n 10._o strabo_n 11._o cedrenus_n minoe_n suidas_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o and_o phaedra_n likewise_o in_o seneca_n 1._o o_o magna_fw-la vasti_fw-la creta_n dominatrix_fw-la freti_fw-la cujus_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la littus_fw-la innumerae_fw-la rate_n tenuere_fw-la pontum_fw-la quicquid_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la tenus_fw-la tellure_n nereus_n pervium_fw-la rostris_fw-la secat_fw-la o_o mighty_a crect_n thou_o mistress_n of_o the_o main_a 765._o who_o many_o ship_n have_v fill_v both_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o far_o as_o nereus_n do_v to_o ashur_n land_n plough_v out_o a_o passage_n with_o his_o stemm_n and_o oar_n and_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v the_o first_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o possess_v but_o remain_v vacant_a from_o whence_o this_o kind_n of_o dominion_n do_v arise_v they_o attribute_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unto_o minos_n but_o there_o be_v a_o error_n touch_v this_o matter_n in_o jerom_n traslation_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o unless_o we_o will_v careless_o neglect_v that_o which_o in_o plain_a term_n may_v seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o most_o eminent_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o grecian_n the_o translation_n run_v thus_o minos_n mare_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la &_o cretensibus_fw-la leges_fw-la dedit_fw-la ut_fw-la paradius_fw-la memorat_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la minos_n possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n as_o paradius_fw-la record_v which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o what_o then_o do_v plato_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v false_o that_o minos_n give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n and_o hold_v the_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o either_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o place_n be_v plain_o fall_v and_o very_a much_o corrupt_v both_o in_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o paradius_fw-la a_o author_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o place_n as_o also_o in_o the_o very_a translation_n of_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n paradius_fw-la i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o negligence_n for_o i_o will_v not_o believ_n it_o of_o jerom_n a_o pious_a and_o most_o learned_a man_n but_o perhaps_o of_o some_o smatterer_n in_o learning_n who_o presume_v to_o enlarge_v those_o brief_a summarie_a discourse_n of_o his_o in_o that_o chronicle_n do_v arise_v even_o from_o para_n dios_n that_o be_v ex_fw-la jove_n from_o jupiter_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n for_o there_o eusebius_n say_v temporum_fw-la minos_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n unto_o the_o cretan_n which_o he_o bring_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o jupiter_n out_o of_o the_o cave_n where_o he_o have_v retire_v himself_o for_o nine_o year_n touch_v those_o law_n receive_v from_o minos_n which_o 6._o expire_v not_o before_o crete_n be_v subdue_v by_o caecilius_n metellus_n also_o concern_v his_o cave_n in_o mount_n ida_n and_o the_o nine_o year_n the_o matter_n appear_v very_o plain_a out_o of_o homer_n plato_n porphyry_n and_o other_o but_o in_o the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o certain_o here_o signifie'_v id_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n in_o legibus_fw-la adprobat_fw-la seu_fw-la confirmat_fw-la that_o which_o plato_n in_o his_o law_n approve'_v or_o confirm_n for_o minos_n his_o receive_n of_o of_o such_o law_n be_v the_o very_a 1._o foundation_n of_o plato_n book_n concern_v law_n so_o little_a reason_n be_v there_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v translate_v quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la aut_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n refellit_fw-la which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o which_o plato_n disprove'_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o eminent_a man_n joseph_n scaliger_n use_v far_o less_o diligence_n here_o then_o be_v meet_v or_o then_o he_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o do_v will_v have_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n for_o howsoêver_o according_a to_o the_o meaning_n and_o more_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v seem_v right_o translate_v yet_o the_o matter_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n do_v manifest_o prove_v our_o trans-action_n to_o be_v true_a but_o we_o read_v the_o very_a same_o too_o according_a to_o jerom_n translation_n as_o copy_v out_o by_o marianus_n scotus_n 2944._o and_o florentius_n of_o
of_o so_o many_o famous_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a whereto_o we_o shall_v add_v many_o other_o also_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o the_o next_o book_n nothing_o now_o i_o suppose_v hinder_v why_o we_o may_v not_o determine_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n natural-permissive_a but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o common_a of_o divers_a nation_n and_o in_o many_o place_n almost_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n which_o in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o sure_a demonstration_n of_o the_o natural-permissive_a unless_o there_o remain_v any_o impediment_n in_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v next_o to_o be_v handle_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n chap._n xx._n the_o usual_a objection_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n be_v derive_v some_o from_o the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n travel_n and_o passage_n pretend_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o some_o also_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o out_o of_o the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o first_o sort_n the_o office_n of_o humanity_n require_v that_o entertainment_n be_v give_v to_o stranger_n and_o that_o inoffensive_a passage_n be_v not_o deny_v they_o so_o 13._o gratian_n out_o of_o 41._o augustin_n say_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v how_o the_o war_n of_o the_o israêlites_n become_v just_a against_o the_o amorites_n for_o they_o be_v deny_v a_o inoffensive_a passage_n which_o ought_v in_o all_o equity_n to_o lie_v open_a by_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o 3._o cicero_n say_v it_o be_v a_o inhuman_a thing_n to_o deny_v stranger_n the_o use_n of_o a_o city_n very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v of_o that_o sort_n which_o seem_v to_o strengthen_v the_o objection_n to_o wit_n as_o it_o relate_n unto_o the_o office_n of_o humanity_n not_o disturb_v by_o war_n fear_v jealousy_n enmity_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o thing_n through_o which_o both_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n be_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o passage_n will_v no_o more_o derogate_v from_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v without_o question_n free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n than_o the_o allow_v of_o a_o open_a way_n for_o the_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n or_o pass_v through_o upon_o a_o journey_n or_o any_o other_o service_n of_o that_o nature_n through_o another_o man_n field_n can_v prejudice_v the_o ownership_n thereof_o suppose_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o free_a passage_n over_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n into_o france_n the_o french_a over_o the_o alps_o into_o italy_n the_o italian_n into_o germany_n what_o do_v this_o concern_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o pyreny_v or_o the_o alps_o and_o for_o any_o man_n to_o allege_v here_o what_o be_v common_o talk_v of_o the_o light_n of_o one_o candle_n by_o another_o of_o the_o not_o deny_v a_o common_a use_n of_o water_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o disquisition_n of_o law_n and_o right_n to_o insist_v upon_o that_o of_o charity_n at_o the_o request_n indeed_o of_o asclepiades_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chersonesus_n under_o the_o emperor_n 25._o arcadius_n and_o honorius_n certain_a person_n who_o have_v teach_v the_o barbarous_a people_n the_o art_n of_o build_v ship_n whereof_o they_o be_v ignorant_a before_o be_v for_o charity_n be_v sake_n free_v from_o the_o pain_n of_o prison_n and_o punishment_n and_o though_o the_o art_n of_o those_o that_o teach_v they_o be_v no_o whit_n the_o less_o because_o of_o that_o skill_n which_o the_o barbarian_n have_v gain_v yet_o by_o the_o law_n it_o be_v death_n to_o communicate_v that_o art_n unto_o they_o and_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v other_o instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n so_o that_o it_o in_o no_o wise_a diminish_v from_o any_o man_n right_a or_o power_n to_o permit_v another_o to_o participate_v of_o what_o be_v his_o when_o he_o himself_o lose_v nothing_o thereof_o and_o that_o we_o may_v determine_v this_o point_n in_o brief_a it_o be_v most_o evident_a from_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o time_n that_o free_a passage_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v wont_v ever_o to_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o prince_n in_o their_o territory_n that_o it_o be_v permit_v or_o prohibit_v according_a to_o the_o various_a concernment_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o not_o otherwise_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la upon_o that_o passage_n concern_v the_o amorites_n say_v 19_o i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o augustine_n in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o hurt_n and_o a_o assurance_n that_o no_o hurt_n may_v be_v do_v prince_n be_v concern_v to_o be_v wary_a and_o careful_a that_o they_o admit_v no_o such_o stranger_n or_o commerce_n where_o pro_fw-la re_fw-la natâ_fw-la the_o common-weal_n may_v receiv_v any_o damage_n thereby_o upon_o which_o ground_n also_o it_o be_v often_o provide_v in_o league_n etc._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o either_o party_n to_o sail_v unto_o each_o other_o port_n coast_n or_o harbour_n and_o this_o when_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o right_n to_o the_o way_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v with_o such_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n or_o man_n of_o war_n as_o may_v give_v a_o just_a occasion_n of_o any_o fear_n or_o jealousy_n that_o force_n be_v intend_v except_o leave_v be_v first_o have_v of_o that_o party_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n those_o place_n be_v or_o unless_o they_o be_v drive_v thither_o by_o tempest_n or_o some_o other_o necessity_n to_o avoid_v a_o great_a force_n or_o the_o danger_n of_o shipwreck_n according_a to_o the_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o possession_n and_o at_o his_o discretion_n all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o foreigner_n whatsoëver_o may_v be_v prohibit_v unless_o some_o other_o special_a right_n or_o custom_n do_v intervene_v and_o 6._o aristotle_n say_v plain_o provision_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v by_o law_n with_o who_o subject_n may_v or_o may_v not_o convers_a moluccas_n bodin_n also_o say_v well_o that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o add'_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forbid_v a_o foreigner_n from_o enter_v the_o border_n and_o also_o to_o force_v he_o out_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v the_o border_n not_o only_o if_o a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n but_o also_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v by_o conver_n with_o stranger_n but_o that_o war_n have_v be_v lawful_o undertake_v for_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n unless_o the_o denial_n be_v give_v contrary_a to_o some_o ancient_a league_n or_o unless_o that_o freedom_n depend_v upon_o some_o special_a title_n to_o commerce_n we_o do_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o any_o other_o man_n can_v affirm_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o indis_fw-fr franciscus_n victoria_n who_o also_o be_v follow_v chief_o by_o 55._o joannes_n solorzanus_n i._n v._o d._n it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o lawful_a right_o to_o subdue_v the_o indian_n because_o they_o deny_v commerce_n and_o entertainment_n yet_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n oppose_v by_o 105._o ludovicus_n molina_n who_o will_v have_v no_o nation_n or_o common_a weal_n bind_v either_o with_o or_o without_o danger_n to_o itself_o to_o admit_v commerce_n or_o foreigner_n but_o in_o case_n of_o great_a and_o imminent_a necessity_n or_o unless_o any_o league_n agreement_n or_o some_o other_o special_a privilege_n do_v intervene_v but_o there_o be_v other_o pretence_n not_o a_o few_o which_o the_o spaniard_n allege_v for_o the_o con._n quest_n of_o the_o indies_n for_o they_o pretend_v also_o a_o right_n of_o discovery_n primarie_a occupation_n conversion_n to_o the_o faith_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n beside_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o all_o which_o solorzanus_n treat'_v at_o large_a and_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o the_o spaniard_n shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o acquire_v the_o indies_n upon_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n since_o it_o be_v subnexum_fw-la very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o they_o and_o the_o portugal_n do_v open_o profess_v that_o they_o may_v lawful_o prohibit_v commerce_n in_o both_o the_o indies_n nor_o do_v it_o prejudice_v the_o point_n at_o all_o that_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n no_o prince_n nor_o any_o other_o hold_v royalty_n by_o his_o grant_n can_v etc._n
refute_v as_o well_o by_o their_o own_o indiscretion_n as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o touch_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n his_o answer_n that_o himself_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o translate_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o l._n deprecatio_fw-la ff_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a answer_n and_o a_o new_a but_o genuine_a exposition_n of_o it_o also_o that_o it_o comprehend'_v nothing_o which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xxv_o but_o see_v that_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v usual_o draw_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o answer_v of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n to_o eudaemon_n several_a time_n beforementioned_a be_v of_o so_o principal_a a_o account_n therefore_o it_o seem_v meet_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o apart_o by_o itself_o and_o search_v into_o the_o genuine_a sens_fw-fr thereof_o concern_v which_o whosoëver_o shall_v look_v into_o the_o whole_a matter_n with_o a_o little_a more_o care_n then_o ordinary_a will_v i_o suppose_v be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v not_o only_o that_o most_o interpreter_n have_v hitherto_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a thereof_o but_o also_o that_o it_o in_o no_o wise_a contradict'_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n eudaemon_n have_v be_v shipwreck_v at_o sea_n have_v petition_v the_o emperor_n for_o a_o restitution_n of_o those_o wrack_v good_n that_o have_v be_v seize_v by_o the_o receiver_n of_o his_o custom_n the_o word_n according_a to_o rhodiâ_fw-la volusius_n maetianus_fw-la who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o emperor_n be_v privy_a councillor_n be_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d o_o emperor_n antoninus_n our_o lord_n we_o have_v make_v shipwreck_n have_v be_v spoil_v of_o all_o by_o those_o receiver_n of_o the_o custom_n that_o inhabit_v the_o archipelagic_n cyclades_n island_n he_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o emperor_n point_v for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o print_a book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v usual_o thus_o translate_v i_o indeed_o be_o sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v it_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n which_o be_v prescribe_v for_o the_o regulation_n of_o sea-affair_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o oppose_v by_o any_o of_o our_o law_n for_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n also_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n there_o never_o be_v any_o controversy_n about_o the_o read_n or_o translation_n of_o this_o answer_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whereto_o answer_v but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o period_n or_o full_a point_n after_o it_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v and_o as_o we_o have_v according_a to_o the_o receive_a translation_n relate_v it_o â—_o already_o in_o the_o objection_n of_o those_o that_o will_v have_v it_o so_o render_v there_o have_v be_v not_o a_o few_o who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o from_o the_o adversative_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d autem_fw-la be_v imply_v that_o the_o emperor_n answer_v that_o himself_o indeed_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n but_o not_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o law_n only_o not_o any_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o andraeas_n 5._o alciatus_fw-la say_v whereas_o it_o be_v say_v i_o indeed_o be_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n some_o french_a doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n because_o of_o that_o adversative_a that_o a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o the_o emperor_n but_o he_o add'_v which_o true_o be_v very_o ridiculous_a although_o divis._n baldus_n and_o justitiâ_fw-la jason_n conceive_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o venetian_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o the_o since_o of_o this_o law_n be_v this_o to_o wit_n that_o sea-affair_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n as_o he_o declare'_v a_o little_a before_o for_o see_v the_o emperor_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n sure_o not_o the_o land_n only_o but_o the_o sea_n also_o aught_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o law_n and_o he_o to_o appoint_v law_n therein_o though_o notwithstanding_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v matter_n by_o his_o own_o law_n in_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n which_o be_v by_o he_o approve_v understand_v therefore_o when_o it_o be_v say_v i_o be_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n because_o i_o govern_v the_o world_n according_a to_o my_o own_o law_n but_o the_o law_n suppose_v the_o rhodian_a law_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o by_o it_o justice_n be_v administer_v upon_o the_o sea_n add_v hereunto_o that_o this_o particle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v autem_fw-la be_v not_o so_o oppose_v that_o it_o always_o exclude_n what_o go_v before_o and_o therefore_o alciatus_fw-la also_o render_v it_o thus_o but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o concern_v navigation_n let_v it_o be_v determine_v etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o true_o it_o be_v upon_o exceed_v good_a ground_n that_o he_o call_v their_o opinion_n very_o ridiculous_a who_o will_v have_v it_o hence_o conclude_v that_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o belong_v unto_o the_o emperor_n for_o suppose_v the_o emperor_n do_v answer_v so_o as_o it_o be_v common_o render_v do_v he_o therefore_o deny_v himself_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o he_o affirm_n the_o law_n to_o have_v dominion_n at_o sea_n be_v he_o not_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n sovereign_a lord_n and_o arbitrator_n of_o the_o world_n as_o he_o imply_v indeed_o by_o his_o answer_n and_o so_o also_o of_o the_o law_n whatsoëver_o he_o please_v be_v principum_fw-la law_n therefore_o to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n have_v dominion_n over_o be_v not_o also_o under_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n to_o who_o the_o law_n itself_o be_v subject_a be_v so_o absurd_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o other_o there_o be_v that_o render_v the_o since_o of_o the_o word_n after_o this_o manner_n although_o i_o myself_o be_v lord_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o free_a from_o all_o law_n nor_o bind_v by_o any_o rule_n to_o give_v any_o account_n to_o my_o subject_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v empress_n and_o queen_n at_o sea_n that_o be_v it_o shall_v bear_v sway_n by_o sea_n in_o such_o case_n as_o have_v fall_v out_o at_o sea_n since_o it_o concern_v sea_n affair_n nor_o shall_v my_o exchequer_n be_v advance_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o my_o subject_n but_o justice_n ought_v to_o be_v equal_o administer_v between_o the_o exchequer_n and_o private_a person_n and_o therefore_o the_o exchequer_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n so_o say_v franciscus_n de_fw-fr 〈…〉_o amaya_n advocate_n in_o the_o king_n court_n of_o exchequer_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n so_o you_o see_v here_o be_v not_o the_o least_o track_n admit_v of_o a_o denial_n of_o sea-dominion_n some_o also_o there_o be_v who_o will_v have_v the_o meaning_n be_v that_o antoninus_n shall_v express_o say_v that_o he_o himself_o be_v as_o well_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n i_o indeed_o be_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o be_o also_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o joannes_n igneus_fw-la and_o some_o 〈…〉_o other_o there_o be_v that_o incline_v this_o way_n with_o who_o opinion_n if_o we_o shall_v concur_v we_o must_v needs_o confess_v also_o that_o the_o emperor_n do_v sufficient_o attribute_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o himself_o but_o 1â—_n samuel_n petit_n a_o very_a learned_a frenchman_n say_v antoninus_n do_v not_o deny_v himself_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o he_o can_v give_v law_n and_o do_v justice_n to_o those_o which_o deal_v upon_o the_o sea_n for_o you_o see_v his_o meaning_n be_v that_o right_o shall_v be_v do_v betwixt_o eudaemon_n and_o the_o customer_n which_o dwell_v in_o the_o cyclades_n island_n according_a to_o the_o rhodian_a law_n nor_o do_v he_o say_v also_o that_o he_o be_v so_o tie_v by_o this_o rhodian_a law_n that_o he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n reliev_n eudaemon_n against_o this_o law_n if_o any_o injury_n be_v do_v he_o but_o his_o meaning_n be_v that_o eudaemon_n shall_v have_v right_o do_v he_o according_a to_o this_o law_n but_o yet_o so_o that_o this_o do_v not_o thwart_v any_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n thus_o he_o interpret_n it_n though_o the_o vulgar_a read_n be_v retain_v which_o he_o will_v rather_o have_v to_o be_v reject_v and_o the_o name_n of_o law_n to_o be_v put_v out_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n
the_o right_n of_o the_o customer_n that_o be_v of_o the_o exchequer_n who_o right_a be_v transferr_v do_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v assert_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v in_o force_n at_o that_o time_n which_o interpreter_n be_v not_o wont_a here_o to_o grant_v it_o be_v indeed_o certain_a enough_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n as_o we_o have_v it_o now_o compile_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n that_o naufragiis_fw-la wreck_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o so_o that_o both_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o customer_n be_v thence_o exclude_v yea_o and_o that_o the_o custom_n whereby_o they_o be_v confiscate_v be_v condemn_v by_o the_o receive_a determination_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n as_o well_o as_o the_o canon_n law_n as_o we_o hint_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n but_o it_o be_v collect_v by_o manifest_a evidence_n that_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n for_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o emperor_n antoninus_n i_o mean_v antoninus_n pius_fw-la who_o as_o julius_n capitolinus_n write_v do_v in_o the_o establish_n of_o this_o law_n make_v use_n of_o volusius_n metianus_n the_o lawyer_n out_o of_o who_o book_n the_o petition_n and_o answer_v here_o speak_v of_o be_v transcribe_v into_o the_o digest_v citatis_fw-la it_o be_v clear_a that_o almost_o all_o those_o passage_n that_o we_o find_v in_o the_o digest_v for_o reserve_v they_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n be_v take_v out_o of_o paulus_n callistratus_n and_o ulpian_n who_o live_v many_o year_n after_o this_o antoninus_n there_o be_v somewhat_o also_o to_o this_o purpose_n out_o of_o 1._o priscus_n javolenus_n who_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o antoninus_n but_o this_o emperor_n reign_v xxii_o year_n and_o as_o appear_v out_o of_o javolenus_n he_o do_v by_o decree_n mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n from_o which_o it_o may_v easy_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o under_o the_o same_o emperor_n such_o a_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v may_v be_v in_o force_n and_o under_o the_o same_o it_o may_v either_o be_v abrogate_a or_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o abate_v the_o principal_a constitution_n which_o according_a to_o the_o naufragiis_fw-la book_n of_o justinian_n will_v not_o have_v the_o exchequer_n to_o interpose_v in_o this_o case_n be_v by_o antonius_n contius_n a_o very_a eminent_a lawyer_n attribute_v to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o ancient_a book_n in_o manuscript_n although_o the_o name_n of_o constantine_n be_v put_v before_o those_o that_o be_v publish_v the_o word_n be_v these_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o vessel_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n by_o shipwreck_n or_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o run_v aground_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o owner_n my_o exchequer_n shall_v not_o interpose_v itself_o for_o what_o right_o have_v the_o exchequer_n by_o another_o man_n misfortune_n that_o it_o shall_v seek_v after_o profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n yea_o and_o ulpian_n shew_v that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o constitution_n there_o be_v also_o under_o adrian_n who_o be_v this_o man_n father_n by_o adoption_n it_o be_v decree_v so_o say_v incendio_fw-la ulpian_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n to_o recover_v his_o loss_n by_o shipwreck_n free_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n with_o the_o emperor_n his_o father_n there_o be_v in_o these_o very_a clear_a evidence_n that_o about_o that_o time_n there_o be_v such_o a_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v which_o we_o know_v very_o well_o be_v wont_a to_o take_v place_n often_o even_o contrary_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a decree_n for_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v from_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o valgius_n or_o victor_n relate_v by_o micarium_n paulinus_n that_o it_o be_v in_o some_o use_n even_o under_o theodosius_n the_o elder_a there_o be_v the_o like_a example_n upon_o the_o 1443._o shore_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n and_o other_o may_v be_v bring_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o some_o law_n be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_n moreover_o also_o the_o ancient_a orator_n both_o greek_a and_o latin_a whilst_o they_o allege_v example_n about_o the_o state_v of_o question_n in_o plead_v do_v mingle_v this_o very_a law_n or_o custom_n about_o shipwreck_n with_o other_o usual_a and_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a empire_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v very_o frequent_o receive_v sopater_n and_o 1509._o syrianus_n in_o hermogenem_fw-la say_v the_o law_n be_v that_o spoil_n which_o be_v find_v do_v belong_v to_o he_o that_o be_v general_n of_o the_o army_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o law_n be_v that_o wreck_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o customer_n in_o a_o tempestuous_a sea_n spoil_n be_v bring_v into_o port._n hereupon_o arise_v a_o controversy_n about_o they_o between_o the_o commander_n and_o the_o customer_n of_o the_o custom_n in_o this_o case_n it_o beâ—ove's_v we_o not_o to_o vex_v our_o selus_fw-la in_o vain_a with_o read_v of_o law_n but_o to_o look_v into_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o thing_n for_o in_o truth_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o good_n be_v now_o to_o be_v call_v spoil_n or_o wreck_n in_o like_a manner_n say_v 1599_o curius_n fortunatianus_n what_o be_v a_o simple_a definition_n when_o we_o define_v a_o particular_a thing_n simple_o put_v case_n that_o wreck_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o publican_n or_o customer_n the_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a man_n that_o be_v lose_v by_o shipwreck_n clothes_n and_o all_o be_v drive_v ashore_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o sand_n the_o customer_n come_v and_o draw_v it_o out_o therefore_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o violation_n of_o sepulchre_n for_o here_o the_o question_n be_v simple_o what_o it_o be_v to_o violate_v a_o sepulchre_n moreover_o that_o volusius_n metianus_n write_v that_o petition_n and_o the_o answer_n appear_v in_o libris_fw-la publicorum_fw-la ex_fw-la lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la that_o be_v in_o his_o summarie_n of_o those_o law_n which_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o the_o customer_n wherein_o also_o be_v contain_v either_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n it_o suit_n be_v very_a well_o with_o these_o particular_n that_o in_o that_o answer_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v render_v but_o that_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o he_o mean_v shall_v be_v so_o examine_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o rhodian_a law_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n those_o rhodian_a law_n shall_v not_o be_v of_o force_n if_o any_o rescript_n or_o any_o roman_a law_n be_v against_o it_o and_o of_o what_o authority_n adrian_n decree_n be_v at_o that_o time_n whereof_o ulpian_n speak_v in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v perhaps_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v no_o not_o to_o the_o lawyer_n themselves_o without_o a_o more_o curious_a examination_n who_o assistance_n antoninus_n make_v use_v of_o in_o his_o answer_n but_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n dispatch_v this_o particular_a no_o man_n whatsoever_o whether_o he_o approve_v the_o common_a translation_n or_o i_o will_v i_o suppose_v unless_o he_o renounce_v his_o own_o reason_n conceiv_v upon_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n that_o any_o denial_n be_v make_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o answer_n or_o that_o the_o least_o tittle_n can_v be_v find_v in_o it_o against_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o modern_a lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la and_o hugo_n grotius_n chap._n xxvi_o have_v thus_o refuâ—ed_v or_o upon_o good_a ground_n remove_v some_o opinion_n of_o ancient_a lawyer_n which_o be_v usual_o allege_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n in_o like_a manner_n to_o wave_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o of_o late_a time_n that_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a number_n of_o those_o who_o whether_o they_o comment_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o justinian_n or_o treat_v apart_o of_o this_o particular_a will_v not_o have_v we_o to_o recede_v from_o that_o natural_a community_n we_o shall_v find_v plain_o that_o they_o deal_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o that_o have_v pin_v their_o faith_n more_o than_o be_v meet_v upon_o the_o sleev_v of_o ulpian_n or_o some_o other_o such_o ancient_a author_n unless_o we_o conceiv_v that_o some_o of_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o explain_v the_o law_n in_o this_o point_n as_o recite_v the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o have_v
divine_a natural_a or_o of_o nation_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v so_o oppose_v the_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v be_v admit_v by_o every_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o so_o that_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n whatsoëver_o may_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n touch_v the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n ii_o the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n chap._n i._n have_v make_v it_o evident_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n whether_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o divine_a or_o natural_a or_o any_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoëver_o it_o remain_n next_o that_o we_o discourse_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o sea_n encompass_v it_o about_o and_o of_o those_o large_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v wherein_o this_o method_n be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o premise_v both_o the_o distribution_n and_o various_a appellation_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v show_v from_o all_o antiquity_n down_o to_o our_o time_n without_o interruption_n that_o those_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o frequent_a alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n have_v reign_v here_o whether_o britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o so_o the_o follow_a king_n each_o one_o according_a to_o the_o various_a latitude_n of_o his_o empire_n have_v enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o perpetual_a occupation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o use_v and_o enjoy_v it_o as_o their_o own_o after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n as_o a_o undoubted_a portion_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n or_o of_o some_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o have_v rule_v it_o or_o as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o this_o land_n last_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v have_v a_o peculiar_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n over_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o as_o a_o bind_v not_o bound_v their_o empire_n but_o to_o borrow_v the_o term_n use_v by_o surveior_n of_o land_n as_o bound_v by_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o over_o the_o island_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n which_o they_o possess_v about_o it_o the_o sea_n encompass_v great_a britain_n which_o in_o general_a we_o term_v the_o british_a sea_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o vergivian_n sea_n which_o also_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o deucaledonian_n where_o it_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o this_o vergivian_n wherein_o ireland_n be_v situate_a the_o irish_a sea_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o part_n call_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o britannia_fw-la scythian_a vale_n but_o now_o the_o channel_n of_o s_o t_o george_n so_o that_o as_o well_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n as_o that_o which_o flowe'_v between_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n for_o not_o only_o this_o which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v great_a britain_n and_o sometime_o simple_o the_o aegyptiacà _fw-la great_a island_n but_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n be_v term_v britanniae_fw-la so_o that_o many_o time_n albion_n and_o ireland_n be_v equal_o call_v british_n isle_n and_o britannides_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o strabo_n ptolemy_n marcianus_n heracleötes_n pliny_n eustathius_n upon_o dionysius_n afer_n and_o other_o moreover_o ireland_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d little_a britain_n and_o say_v ethelward_o a_o ancient_a writer_n 4._o they_o go_v to_o ireland_n call_v heretofore_o britannides_n by_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar._n perhaps_o he_o have_v a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n of_o julius_n caesar_n book_n for_o in_o none_o of_o his_o commentary_n which_o we_o use_v be_v ireland_n call_v by_o that_o name_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o 7._o learned_a man_n that_o that_o book_n have_v be_v maim_v and_o alter_v by_o one_o julius_n celsus_n who_o name_n we_o find_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o manuscript_n copies_n towards_o the_o north_n this_o sea_n be_v name_v the_o northern_a caledonian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n wherein_o lie_v scatter_v the_o orcades_n island_n thule_n and_o other_o which_o be_v call_v the_o british_a or_o albionian_a isle_n yea_o and_o 218._o britannides_n give_v name_n to_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o indeed_o thule_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v island_n other_o and_o that_o with_o most_o reason_n do_v conceiv_o it_o to_o be_v the_o big_a of_o the_o 850._o shetland_n or_o zetland_n isle_n call_v â—hilensel_n by_o the_o dimensione_n seaman_n and_o some_o there_o be_v again_o that_o think_v otherwise_o be_v of_o old_a not_o only_o term_v a_o british_a isle_n but_o also_o by_o some_o express_o place_v in_o britain_n itself_o mahumedes_n acharranides_n a_o arabian_a call_v likewise_o aracensis_n and_o albategnius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n who_o live_v above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n ago_o say_v 6._o some_o observe_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n towards_o the_o north_n have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o isle_n thule_n which_o be_v in_o britain_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v xx_o â—ours_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ptolemy_n and_o his_o â—ollowers_n who_o by_o draw_v a_o line_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o thule_n or_o the_o shetland_n isle_n through_o 63_o degree_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o northern_a latitude_n have_v set_v it_o down_o for_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o habitable_a world_n yea_o and_o some_o have_v use_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n for_o britain_n itself_o or_o england_n in_o time_n past_a the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v trusty_a guard_n call_v barrangi_n constant_o attend_v his_o person_n who_o be_v take_v out_o of_o england_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o 2._o nicetas_n choniates_n and_o codinus_n also_o who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o palace_n constantinop_n write_v that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o salute_v the_o emperor_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o in_o the_o story_n of_o 2._o anna_n comnena_n the_o daughter_n of_o alexius_n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o island_n of_o thule_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o the_o island_n either_o know_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o this_o northern_a sea_n be_v at_o length_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o british_a the_o utmost_a bound_n whereof_o as_o also_o of_o thule_n itself_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v to_o reach_v unto_o 67_o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o albategnius_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o look_n towards_o spain_n say_v 6._o there_o be_v xii_o british_a isle_n in_o it_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o beyond_o these_o it_o be_v not_o habitable_a and_o how_o far_o it_o stretch_v be_v unknown_a have_v make_v this_o preparation_n than_o we_o treat_v first_o concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n next_o touch_v a_o dominion_n of_o that_o kind_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o rule_v here_o continual_o and_o necessary_o accompany_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n afterward_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o other_o who_o enjoy_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o britain_n before_o the_o norman_n invasion_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n last_o according_a to_o the_o fourfold_a division_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n we_o set_v forth_o the_o ancient_a occupation_n together_o with_o the_o long_a and_o continue_a possession_n of_o every_o sea_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o norman_n time_n whereby_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a dominion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n may_v be_v draw_v down_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o twine_a thread_n until_o our_o own_o time_n moreover_o see_v both_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n do_v stretch_v to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n this_o to_o america_n that_o not_o only_o to_o island_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n but_o to_o part_n utter_o unknown_a and_o
defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n govern_v and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n with_o prudence_n fortitude_n justice_n and_o temperance_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o have_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o fierce_a lion_n he_o keep_v all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o awe_n we_o read_v also_o in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n of_o king_n harold_n or_o herald_n that_o he_o so_o guard_v the_o sea_n with_o a_o force_n of_o soldierie_a and_o ship_n that_o none_o of_o his_o enemy_n can_v without_o a_o sore_a conflict_n invade_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceiv_v but_o that_o these_o naval_a force_n be_v at_o that_o time_n dispose_v and_o the_o sea-fights_a undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o english-saxon_a dominion_n in_o this_o island_n especial_o if_o we_o due_o compare_v these_o thing_n already_o manifest_a with_o those_o which_o be_v add_v by_o and_o by_o to_o this_o particular_a touch_v the_o same_o age_n the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xi_o here_o follow_v next_o the_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o vassal_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n or_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v evidence_n also_o of_o that_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a i_o call_v those_o tribute_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o reinforce_a of_o the_o navy_n and_o for_o provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o seaman_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v those_o that_o be_v levy_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o man_n estate_n in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n 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france_n or_o spain_n unless_o you_o take_v that_o decision_n as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o civil_a notion_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o situation_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v not_o situate_a beyond_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n but_o place_v therein_o and_o comprehend_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o supreme_a power_n with_o england_n and_o so_o that_o a_o excuse_v or_o essoin_fw-fr de_fw-fr ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v not_o in_o that_o kind_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o ancient_a 12b._o record_n also_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n we_o read_v it_o be_v a_o usual_a custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o die_v anno_fw-la dom._n mcxxxvi_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v by_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o 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