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and_o prudent_a and_o consequent_o excellent_a in_o manner_n law_n art_n and_o workemanship_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o singularity_n and_o prerogative_n they_o get_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o great_a empire_n that_o ever_o be_v and_o yet_o not_o of_o such_o largeness_n that_o it_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a world_n which_o never_o happen_v hitherto_o neither_o be_v ever_o possible_a to_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o on_o the_o north_n side_n they_o never_o rule_v over_o all_o germany_n and_o great_a britain_n neither_o over_o norway_n sweveland_n moscovia_n lituania_n and_o scythia_n neither_o towards_o the_o south_n over_o ethiopia_n and_o the_o high_a africa_n where_o the_o blackmore_n inhabit_v neither_o in_o the_o east_n over_o india_n china_n catay_n giapan_n and_o taprobana_n which_o easterly_a part_n have_v the_o river_n tigris_n for_o a_o fatal_a bind_v without_o speak_v of_o the_o land_n late_o discover_v in_o the_o west_n in_o so_o much_o that_o look_v considerate_o
abundance_n of_o olive_n that_o be_v to_o come_v wherein_o he_o may_v have_v gain_v much_o show_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o philosopher_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o if_o they_o will_v but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o study_n and_o profession_n and_o plato_n in_o his_o theaetetus_n tell_v that_o as_o he_o behold_v the_o star_n and_o look_v upward_o he_o fall_v into_o a_o diche_a whereof_o he_o be_v reprehend_v by_o his_o maid_n who_o be_v pleasant_a and_o witty_a that_o he_o will_v endeavour_n to_o know_v what_o be_v in_o heaven_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o earth_n and_o before_o his_o foot_n democritus_fw-la be_v call_v by_o seneca_n in_o the_o seven_o of_o his_o natural_a question_n the_o most_o subtle_a of_o the_o ancient_n and_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o shortness_n of_o life_n he_o reckon_v he_o among_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o excellent_a master_n of_o the_o science_n cicero_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o end_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a call_v he_o a_o man_n learned_a and_o perfect_a in_o geometry_n and_o recommend_v his_o stile_n or_o manner_n of_o writing_n unto_o brutus_n in_o his_o orator_n say_v that_o albeit_o it_o be_v estrange_v from_o verse_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v elevate_v and_o enrich_v with_o most_o clear_a light_n of_o word_n that_o it_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poem_n than_o the_o verse_n of_o comic_a poet_n pliny_n tell_v how_o that_o he_o and_o pythagoras_n travail_v into_o persia_n arabia_n egypt_n and_o ethiopia_n to_o the_o end_n to_o learn_v magic_a and_o that_o they_o two_o be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v celebrate_v it_o in_o these_o part_n and_o in_o a_o other_o place_n it_o be_v manifest_a say_v he_o that_o democritus_fw-la a_o wise_a man_n otherwise_o &_o profitable_a unto_o life_n have_v err_v through_o too_o much_o desire_n which_o he_o have_v to_o be_v helpful_a unto_o man_n and_o in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o promise_v say_v he_o to_o revive_v other_o which_o have_v not_o raise_v up_o 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somewhat_o he_o do_v public_o declare_v his_o fault_n for_o fear_v lest_o other_o may_v fall_v into_o the_o like_a error_n saint_n augustin_n after_o he_o have_v be_v the_o only_a man_n that_o have_v public_o correct_v himself_o by_o set_v forth_o his_o retractation_n other_o be_v common_o so_o overgon_v with_o glory_n and_o so_o opinative_a that_o they_o have_v rather_o die_v then_o yield_v in_o any_o thing_n empedocles_n the_o agrigentine_a a_o famous_a natural_a philosopher_n write_v in_o verse_n uj_o book_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n whereof_o aristotle_n make_v often_o mention_n especial_o in_o his_o poetry_n where_o he_o say_v that_o homer_n &_o empedocles_n have_v nothing_o one_o like_o other_o but_o their_o verse_n and_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o right_a poet_n and_o other_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v a_o natural_a philosopher_n than_o a_o poet._n and_o in_o his_o metaphysic_n speak_v of_o he_o and_o of_o anaxagoras_n he_o witness_v that_o anaxagoras_n be_v superior_a in_o age_n to_o empedocles_n but_o inferior_a to_o he_o in_o work_n and_o he_o say_v in_o his_o problem_n that_o he_o be_v of_o melancholic_a complexion_n pliny_n say_v that_o he_o travail_v far_o to_o learn_v magic_a as_o do_v pythagoras_n &_o democritus_n and_o horace_n in_o his_o art_n of_o poetry_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o leave_v a_o opinion_n of_o himself_o that_o he_o be_v a_o god_n and_o be_v vanish_v secret_o out_o of_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n he_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o burn_a and_o smoke_a hole_n of_o the_o hill_n aetna_n and_o that_o this_o deed_n be_v afterwards_o discover_v by_o one_o of_o his_o slipper_n which_o be_v make_v of_o bras_fw-fr be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o wind_n anaxagoras_n a_o clazomenian_a gentleman_n become_v a_o very_a excellent_a philosopher_n and_o be_v call_v by_o those_o of_o his_o time_n nous_fw-fr which_o signify_v the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n be_v it_o for_o admiration_n which_o they_o 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tree_n and_o stone_n to_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o river_n and_o to_o tame_v the_o fierceness_n of_o wild_a beast_n orpheus_n first_o institute_v in_o greece_n the_o initiation_n of_o the_o god_n the_o purgation_n of_o sin_n remedy_n of_o disease_n by_o charm_n and_o inchauntmente_n and_o mean_n to_o appease_v the_o wrath_n of_o the_o go_n they_o say_v that_o of_o he_o and_o of_o zoroaster_n as_o father_n and_o author_n come_v all_o the_o ancient_a wisdom_n jamblicus_n affirm_v that_o pythagoras_n follow_v orpheus_n his_o divinity_n as_o a_o pattern_n on_o the_o which_o he_o frame_v &_o form_v his_o philosophy_n &_o which_o be_v more_o that_o the_o word_n of_o pythagoras_n have_v not_o be_v esteem_v holy_a or_o sacred_a but_o for_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o precept_n of_o orpheus_n that_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o secret_a doctrine_n
in_o old_a time_n contend_v with_o the_o greek_n in_o matter_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o learning_n who_o surmount_v the_o elegancy_n of_o the_o greek_a tongue_n by_o subtle_a brevity_n of_o speech_n be_v most_o ingenious_a to_o understand_v all_o subtlety_n and_o conveyance_n of_o talk_n and_o ready_a to_o answer_v to_o argument_n propose_v unto_o they_o in_o discourse_v convenient_o of_o great_a affair_n whereof_o they_o give_v pertinent_a resolution_n without_o difficulty_n or_o delay_v they_o use_v also_o wise_a proverb_n and_o profound_a riddle_n not_o that_o they_o understand_v the_o subtlety_n of_o chrysippus_n or_o of_o aristotle_n or_o that_o they_o have_v learn_v this_o knowledge_n of_o socrates_n or_o plato_n or_o demosthenes_n for_o they_o neither_o study_v philosophy_n nor_o rhetoric_n but_o they_o do_v it_o by_o the_o natural_a goodness_n of_o their_o mother_n wit_n and_o sharp_a understanding_n wherein_o the_o indian_n be_v take_v to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o persian_n 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namely_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o corinthian_n account_v the_o artisan_n base_a as_o we_o have_v say_v heretofore_o and_o only_o those_o noble_a which_o exercise_v arm_n herodotus_n doubt_v whether_o they_o take_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n see_v the_o thracian_n scythian_n persian_n lydian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o barbarian_n use_v the_o same_o the_o egyptian_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o athenian_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o colony_n of_o scytes_n a_o people_n of_o the_o country_n of_o egypt_n as_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o timaeus_n of_o plato_n and_o rehearse_v by_o diodorus_n the_o sicilian_a because_o that_o in_o the_o town_n of_o greece_n the_o people_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o egypt_n for_o the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o city_n be_v of_o the_o noble_n who_o be_v give_v above_o all_o other_o to_o the_o science_n be_v the_o more_o esteem_v be_v therein_o like_a to_o the_o priest_n of_o egypt_n the_o second_o be_v of_o those_o to_o who_o land_n have_v be_v divide_v and_o assign_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v the_o better_o give_v themselves_o to_o arm_n for_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n like_v unto_o those_o of_o egypt_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o fee_n and_o which_o do_v wage_v the_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n at_o their_o charge_n the_o three_o order_n be_v of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o of_o artisan_n who_o be_v give_v altogether_o to_o mechanical_a art_n furnish_v many_o necessary_a work_n for_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n the_o artisan_n and_o work_v of_o the_o grecian_n the_o artisan_n of_o greece_n be_v no_o less_o excellent_a in_o their_o work_n than_o the_o learned_a in_o their_o profession_n and_o many_o of_o they_o do_v write_v of_o their_o mystery_n of_o who_o the_o most_o famous_a in_o diverse_a art_n have_v be_v before_o recite_v nevertheless_o herodotus_n in_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o egypt_n and_o of_o the_o pyramid_n say_v that_o if_o any_o one_o will_v make_v comparison_n of_o the_o building_n fortress_n &_o work_n which_o be_v then_o in_o greece_n he_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o be_v all_o of_o less_o labour_n and_o expense_n than_o this_o labyrinth_n and_o albeit_o the_o temple_n of_o ephesus_n and_o that_o of_o samos_n deserve_v to_o be_v reckon_v of_o yet_o the_o pyramid_n exceed_v tongue_n and_o pen_n consider_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o all_o the_o building_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o labyrinth_n surmount_v the_o pyramid_n but_o that_o the_o artificial_a pool_n of_o meris_fw-la near_o unto_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v yield_v yet_o great_a meruail_n moreover_o diodorus_n the_o sicilian_a affirm_v that_o the_o best_a cutter_n &_o carver_n of_o image_n that_o be_v in_o greece_n learn_v their_o measure_n and_o dimension_n of_o the_o egyptian_n who_o among_o all_o other_o nation_n do_v not_o measure_v the_o composition_n of_o statue_n by_o the_o 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which_o be_v hide_v from_o we_o high_a and_o the_o east_n whence_o the_o first_o motion_n proceed_v be_v the_o right_a side_n the_o west_n be_v the_o left_a whence_o come_v a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o former_a then_o the_o astrologer_n and_o philosopher_n affirm_v that_o from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o world_n there_o descend_v a_o certain_a virtue_n accompany_v with_o light_n and_o heat_n which_o some_o of_o they_o do_v call_v the_o spirit_n or_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n other_o say_v it_o be_v nature_n which_o mingle_v itself_o with_o the_o mass_n of_o this_o great_a body_n penetrate_v quicken_a nourish_a and_o moderate_v all_o these_o variable_a thing_n under_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v of_o such_o efficacy_n begin_v first_o with_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o air_n which_o be_v move_v by_o the_o celestial_a move_n do_v afterwards_o move_v the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o the_o nature_n compound_v of_o these_o four_o element_n as_o well_o man_n 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that_o they_o may_v be_v avoid_v by_o wisdom_n or_o turn_v from_o we_o by_o divine_a prayer_n or_o augment_v or_o diminish_v or_o moderate_v by_o nurture_n custom_n and_o instruction_n first_o that_o the_o sun_n lightning_n all_o thing_n with_o his_o beam_n do_v give_v evident_a proof_n thereof_o who_o rise_v and_o set_v make_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n by_o come_v towards_o we_o and_o go_v from_o we_o cause_v the_o year_n continual_o to_o be_v renew_v and_o by_o the_o obliquity_n or_o crookedness_n of_o the_o zodiac_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o twelve_o sign_n which_o be_v in_o it_o do_v distinguishe_v by_o his_o solstice_n and_o equinox_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o harvest_n in_o the_o which_o consist_v the_o vicissitude_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o the_o change_n of_o all_o thing_n
above_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o six_o other_o underneath_o again_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n compare_v one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v call_v periecians_n antecians_n and_o antipode_n periecians_n may_v be_v call_v collateral_a and_o be_v they_o which_o dwell_v under_o the_o self_n same_o climate_n paralelle_n and_o meridian_n draw_v through_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v this_o common_a with_o we_o first_o that_o they_o inhabit_v the_o same_o temperate_a zone_n second_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o have_v winter_n and_o summer_n and_o the_o other_o season_n &_o the_o increase_n of_o day_n and_o night_n but_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o same_o east_n and_o west_n and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v high_a noon_n with_o we_o it_o be_v midnight_n with_o they_o such_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o canary_n with_o the_o people_n of_o china_n antecians_n be_v they_o which_o inhabit_v other_o temperate_a zone_n towards_o the_o south_n turn_v 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they_o hurt_v every_o thing_n and_o make_v it_o worse_o the_o ethiopian_n be_v near_o unto_o the_o sun_n which_o burn_v they_o with_o his_o beam_n be_v black_a have_v their_o hair_n and_o beard_n frizzle_a or_o curl_a on_o the_o contrary_n they_o which_o inhabit_v the_o cold_a and_o icy_a country_n have_v their_o skin_n white_a and_o soft_a their_z hear_v yellow_a and_o unite_a both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v natural_o cruel_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o excessive_a cold_a and_o heat_n they_o be_v in_o both_o country_n of_o high_a stature_n which_o proceed_v of_o the_o abundance_n of_o heat_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o ethiopian_n and_o of_o the_o abundant_a moisture_n in_o regard_n of_o those_o which_o inhabit_v the_o cold_a country_n but_o the_o region_n of_o the_o mean_a temperature_n be_v very_o good_a and_o fertile_a the_o people_n which_o inhabit_v there_o of_o mean_a stature_n quick_a witted_a and_o well_o temper_v of_o colour_n they_o be_v delicate_a in_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o have_v a_o good_a sharp_a and_o quick_a wit_n ready_a to_o comprehend_v any_o thing_n and_o common_o the_o great_a empire_n and_o famous_a monarchy_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n which_o be_v not_o find_v among_o people_n remove_v from_o this_o temperature_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o beastly_a savagenes_n and_o brutish_a immanity_n likewise_o the_o beast_n which_o be_v breed_v in_o the_o cold_a country_n be_v lumpish_a and_o heavy_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o be_v light_n that_o be_v in_o the_o hot_a region_n the_o one_o sort_n very_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o both_o in_o form_n shape_n colour_n and_o property_n the_o fish_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n &_o the_o bird_n from_o country_n to_o country_n do_v differ_v much_o one_o from_o other_o as_o may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o sight_n of_o they_o &_o understand_v by_o the_o book_n which_o be_v write_v of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o less_o difference_n among_o herb_n &_o tree_n according_a to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v bring_v forth_o for_o they_o which_o grow_v in_o the_o hang_n of_o hill_n cold_a dry_a &_o expose_v to_o the_o wind_n be_v of_o great_a virtue_n they_o the_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a such_o as_o grow_v on_o plain_n and_o shadow_a place_n and_o watery_a be_v hide_v from_o the_o wind_n be_v not_o of_o such_o efficacy_n also_o the_o soil_n and_o season_n make_v they_o oft_o time_n to_o shoot_v forward_o or_o to_o be_v backward_o we_o see_v better_a tree_n full_a of_o leaf_n and_o better_o store_v with_o fruit_n in_o one_o territory_n then_o in_o another_o because_o they_o like_v the_o place_n better_o those_o tree_n which_o love_v the_o hill_n be_v very_o great_a and_o fair_a as_o cedar_n fir_n tree_n pynetree_n boxetree_n and_o plaintree_n in_o the_o forest_n the_o oak_n beech_n corketree_n lotetree_n elm_n ash_n and_o haseltree_n do_v grow_v the_o alder_n poplar_n willow_n and_o reed_n on_o the_o river_n side_n and_o in_o watery_a place_n some_o come_v not_o any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o south_n country_n as_o the_o orange_n tree_n the_o citron_n or_o lemon_n tree_n palm_n or_o date_n tree_n and_o the_o sicamore_n other_o in_o the_o cold_a country_n as_o appletree_n and_o pearetree_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v find_v both_o in_o herb_n and_o lesser_a plant_n the_o one_o not_o grow_v but_o in_o hot_a country_n the_o other_o in_o cold_a other_o in_o those_o that_o be_v mean_o temperate_a some_o grow_v in_o marsh_n other_o in_o stand_v water_n there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v find_v ordinary_o in_o moist_a place_n and_o some_o in_o dry_a other_o love_v the_o field_n other_o the_o vine_n and_o other_o the_o meadow_n some_o do_v better_o in_o the_o valley_n then_o on_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n other_o love_v the_o high_a place_n expose_v to_o the_o wind_n there_o be_v that_o find_v norishment_n along_o the_o wall_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n and_o betwixt_o the_o closure_n and_o ruin_n of_o house_n corn_n come_v better_a in_o one_o place_n the_o vine_n in_o another_o and_o cattle_n in_o a_o other_o the_o air_n be_v so_o temperate_a in_o calcutta_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o plague_n but_o continual_a greenenes_n in_o the_o herb_n and_o tree_n and_o there_o be_v every_o month_n new_a fruit_n differ_v altogether_o from_o we_o yet_o good_a nevertheless_o and_o marvellous_a pleasant_a the_o country_n of_o syria_n chief_o about_o damascus_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n flesh_n and_o fruit_n especial_o with_o new_a grape_n all_o the_o year_n long_o also_o pomgranat_n quince_n almond_n olive_n and_o rose_n of_o diverse_a colour_n very_o fair_a and_o odoriferous_a but_o their_o apple_n pear_n and_o peach_n be_v of_o a_o evil_a taste_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n as_o well_o throughout_o the_o island_n as_o in_o the_o main_n there_o be_v wild_a vine_n that_o bear_v good_a grape_n without_o industry_n or_o care_n of_o man_n but_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o peach_n plum_n &_o cherry_n sow_v in_o diverse_a place_n there_o do_v take_v no_o root_n olive_n tree_n be_v plant_v there_o bring_v nothing_o but_o leaf_n without_o fruit_n the_o country_n of_o babylon_n be_v most_o fertile_a in_o corn_n but_o the_o vine_n and_o figtree_n will_v not_o grow_v there_o in_o moscovia_n there_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o honey_n and_o wax_n scotfree_a skin_n and_o exquisite_a fur_n but_o not_o any_o fruit_n worth_a the_o reckon_n the_o tartarian_n and_o arabian_n have_v nothing_o but_o cattle_n the_o moluccae_n yield_v the_o aromatical_a drug_n of_o spicery_n and_o in_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v barren_a in_o one_o place_n be_v the_o emeraud_n ruby_n turkoise_n and_o pearl_n in_o another_o be_v coral_n ambor_n and_o crystal_n in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v gold_n find_v in_o another_o lead_n tin_n and_o silver_n pliny_n esteem_v the_o wheat_n of_o
cement_n and_o rub_v over_o with_o fine_a plaster_n which_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a they_o write_v what_o they_o will_v on_o they_o there_o book_n be_v not_o make_v by_o leaf_n but_o they_o stretch_v they_o forth_o many_o cubit_n in_o length_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o square_a piece_n join_v in_o such_o sort_n with_o cement_n or_o solder_v that_o they_o be_v easy_a to_o turn_v and_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v of_o board_n or_o table_n of_o wood_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o be_v open_v there_o appear_v twoside_n write_v in_o manner_n of_o two_o page_n as_o much_o there_o be_v underneath_o if_o they_o be_v not_o stretch_v out_o in_o length_n because_o that_o under_o one_o leaf_n be_v many_o leave_v write_v the_o letter_n and_o character_n be_v like_a unto_o hook_n begin_v file_n star_n and_o other_o such_o form_n where_o with_o they_o write_v in_o line_n after_o our_o fashion_n represent_v in_o some_o sort_n the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o egyptian_n and_o ethiopian_n and_o they_o 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the_o marble_n of_o his_o press_n then_o beat_v they_o with_o ball_n of_o wood_n fill_v with_o will_v cover_v with_o white_a leather_n and_o soak_v or_o rub_v with_o ink_n well_o mix_v and_o distribute_v place_v the_o leaf_n that_o be_v to_o be_v print_v on_o a_o double_a tympan_n or_o parchmin_n have_v a_o woollen_a cloth_n betwixt_o they_o and_o a_o moist_a linen_n cloth_n to_o keep_v the_o leaf_n from_o mackle_v and_o put_v down_o the_o frisquet_n of_o parchmin_n which_o cover_v the_o white_a or_o margin_n of_o the_o leaf_n he_o make_v the_o train_n of_o the_o press_n to_o roll_n which_o rest_v on_o the_o carriage_n till_o it_o come_v under_o the_o vice_n or_o spindle_n unto_o which_o the_o plattin_n be_v fasten_v and_o
take_v the_o bar_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o pull_v as_o hard_a as_o he_o can_v until_o the_o leaf_n be_v imprint_v on_o one_o side_n on_o which_o they_o bestow_v half_o the_o day_n and_o the_o other_o half_a on_o the_o other_o side_n yield_v in_o a_o day_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o sheet_n or_o thirteen_o hundred_o imprint_v but_o before_o they_o do_v this_o they_o make_v two_o or_o three_o proof_n which_o be_v reulew_v and_o on_o this_o correction_n continue_v the_o rest_n two_o man_n be_v requisite_a about_o the_o press_n one_o to_o take_v to_o gather_v and_o order_v the_o sheet_n oâ—_n leave_v other_o to_o beat_v on_o the_o form_n which_o be_v on_o the_o press_n and_o to_o distribute_v or_o bray_v the_o ink_n on_o the_o stone_n or_o block_n which_o can_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a travail_n require_v therein_o if_o they_o do_v not_o draw_v the_o press_n one_o after_o the_o other_o and_o by_o turn_n two_o press_n also_o be_v needful_a the_o one_o 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letter_n at_o all_o but_o they_o have_v among_o they_o some_o matter_n touch_v their_o antiquity_n not_o write_v nor_o represent_v by_o note_n which_o they_o give_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n successive_o the_o one_o to_o other_o as_o the_o jew_n keep_v a_o long_a time_n the_o memory_n of_o the_o antiquity_n which_o moses_n afterward_o set_v down_o in_o writing_n continue_v by_o the_o successor_n of_o adam_n and_o of_o noah_n even_o to_o his_o time_n and_o the_o verse_n of_o homer_n before_o they_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o form_n which_o we_o see_v by_o aristarchus_n be_v learned_a and_o sing_v only_o by_o hart_n and_o so_o use_v at_o the_o first_o the_o egyptian_n chaldee_n babylonian_n greek_n latin_n and_o other_o nation_n we_o have_v say_v enough_o of_o the_o imposition_n of_o name_n the_o invention_n diversity_n and_o antiquity_n of_o letter_n the_o manner_n of_o writing_n and_o matter_n which_o be_v write_v on_o and_o with_o what_o instrument_n and_o of_o the_o art_n of_o imprint_v now_o come_v again_o to_o our_o speech_n of_o tongue_n i_o say_v that_o they_o get_v reputation_n by_o their_o property_n elegancy_n and_o sweetness_n by_o the_o science_n which_o be_v write_v in_o they_o by_o power_n and_o greatness_n of_o empire_n and_o by_o the_o religion_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v enlarge_v in_o many_o country_n and_o endure_v long_o as_o also_o they_o be_v soon_o lose_v and_o decay_a by_o their_o contrary_n the_o greek_a tongue_n come_v in_o estimation_n by_o the_o elegancy_n sweetness_n and_o richnes_n thereof_o by_o philosophy_n which_o have_v be_v handle_v therein_o and_o all_o art_n and_o science_n it_o have_v be_v propagate_v by_o the_o navigation_n and_o colony_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o macedonian_n which_o rule_v far_o in_o asia_n and_o namely_o in_o syria_n and_o egypt_n make_v their_o language_n to_o be_v understand_v in_o many_o country_n in_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o say_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v in_o his_o time_n red_a almost_o in_o all_o nation_n also_o the_o new_a testament_n first_o write_v in_o greek_a have_v make_v it_o know_v in_o many_o place_n the_o roman_n no_o less_o ambitious_a in_o amplify_a their_o tongue_n then_o their_o empire_n constrain_v the_o people_n which_o they_o have_v overcome_v to_o speak_v latin_a and_o do_v not_o negociate_v with_o stranger_n in_o any_o tongue_n but_o their_o own_o to_o the_o end_n to_o spread_v it_o over_o all_o with_o more_o veneration_n as_o valerius_n say_v in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o ancient_a institution_n they_o make_v their_o provincial_n to_o change_v not_o only_o their_o language_n but_o also_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n to_o make_v they_o more_o tractable_a afterward_o the_o christian_a religion_n pass_v into_o the_o west_n and_o use_v latin_a in_o the_o church_n and_o school_n and_o consequent_o in_o public_a instrument_n and_o sentence_n of_o sovereign_a judge_n have_v preserve_v it_o throughout_o italy_n france_n spain_n england_n scotland_n germany_n poland_n prussia_n sweden_n hungary_n bohemia_n and_o part_n of_o slavonia_n the_o christian_n in_o the_o east_n and_o south_n country_n as_o the_o nestorian_n jacobite_n and_o maronites_n use_v the_o syrian_a tongue_n as_o we_o do_v the_o latin_a the_o abyssin_n or_o ethiopian_n use_v the_o chaldaic_a in_o the_o which_o they_o have_v all_o the_o holy_a scripture_n not_o give_v credit_n to_o any_o other_o language_n whatsoever_o the_o jew_n wheresoever_o they_o be_v throughout_o the_o world_n will_v never_o consent_v that_o the_o old_a testament_n which_o they_o use_v shall_v be_v translate_v but_o do_v read_v and_o singe_v it_o in_o hebrew_n practise_v in_o their_o contract_n the_o tongue_n of_o those_o country_n where_o they_o dwell_v likewise_o the_o mahometist_n have_v not_o suffer_v their_o alcoran_n to_o be_v red_a or_o understand_v in_o any_o tongue_n but_o the_o arabian_a in_o which_o it_o be_v write_v which_o resemble_v the_o hebrew_n chaldaicke_n and_o syriack_n be_v at_o this_o day_n large_o spread_v abroad_o for_o although_o the_o tartarian_n corasmians_n persian_n and_o turk_n have_v a_o diverse_a language_n from_o the_o arabian_a the_o syrian_n modern_a arabian_n and_o moor_n a_o tongue_n somewhat_o like_o it_o yet_o so_o be_v it_o that_o the_o arabian-grammer_n tongue_n in_o religion_n and_o science_n among_o the_o learned_a the_o judge_n and_o priest_n be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n almost_o of_o asia_n africa_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o europe_n among_o all_o the_o language_n of_o europe_n there_o be_v not_o any_o more_o ample_a and_o large_a than_o the_o slavonian_a understand_v and_o speak_v by_o the_o seruian_o mysian_n bosnian_o dalmatian_n croatian_o slavons_a carnian_o bohemian_o moravians_n slesite_n polaques_n mazovite_n pomerans_n cassubite_n sarbians_n ruthenians_n and_o moscovite_n moreover_o the_o lythuanians_n nugardians_n
plescovians_n smolnians_n and_o ohalicians_n begin_v to_o speak_v slavonian_a it_o be_v also_o familiar_a among_o the_o mammeluc_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o present_a in_o the_o turkish_a court._n in_o asia_n the_o tartarian_a be_v understand_v throughout_o the_o northe_a and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o east_n the_o moorish_a throughout_o africa_n and_o the_o brasilian_n in_o the_o new_a find_v land_n yet_o have_v not_o tongue_n any_o better_a estate_n than_o other_o humane_a thing_n but_o even_o as_o building_n habit_n manner_n custom_n law_n magistrate_n manner_n of_o live_v both_o public_a and_o private_a arm_n engine_n and_o instrument_n be_v change_v so_o be_v word_n and_o language_n which_o perish_v at_o length_n not_o leave_v by_o succession_n of_o time_n any_o appearance_n of_o their_o manner_n of_o writing_n we_o have_v now_o no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o the_o oscian_n and_o hetrurian_a tongue_n the_o provencal_n in_o time_n pass_v so_o much_o celebrate_v among_o famous_a writer_n be_v not_o understand_v of_o the_o provencal_n at_o this_o day_n the_o ancient_a gaulish_n spanish_a persian_a and_o punic_a language_n be_v lose_v the_o hebrew_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o his_o integrity_n by_o the_o calamitous_a exile_n and_o often_o mutation_n happen_v to_o the_o jew_n under_o diverse_a lord_n for_o the_o assyrian_n egyptian_n greek_n and_o roman_n reign_v over_o the_o jew_n assay_v for_o the_o hatred_n they_o bear_v to_o their_o religion_n to_o destroy_v the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n which_o they_o cause_v all_o to_o be_v burn_v as_o many_o as_o they_o can_v get_v into_o their_o hand_n &_o namely_o the_o assyrian_n but_o they_o be_v miraculous_o restore_v again_o by_o esdras_n or_o jesus_n his_o son_n the_o high_a priest_n which_o know_v then_o by_o hart_n and_o change_v the_o hebrew_n letter_n to_o hinder_v the_o jew_n from_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o samaritan_o which_o come_v of_o the_o gentile_n in_o jury_n as_o eusebius_n report_v these_o letter_n which_o the_o jew_n have_v sithence_o use_v differ_v only_o by_o figure_n and_o point_n from_o those_o of_o the_o samaritan_o which_o be_v those_o that_o be_v give_v asore_a time_n by_o moses_n but_o be_v so_o many_o time_n disperse_v hither_o and_o thither_o into_o diverse_a country_n and_o mingle_v with_o stranger_n who_o captive_n and_o tributary_n they_o be_v as_o they_o be_v yet_o at_o this_o present_a in_o what_o part_n soever_o they_o dwell_v they_o have_v keep_v few_o word_n pure_a among_o which_o be_v find_v some_o ambiguous_a signify_v contrary_a thing_n not_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o by_o continuance_n of_o the_o speech_n or_o by_o the_o addition_n detraction_n or_o inversion_n of_o the_o point_n hold_v the_o place_n of_o vowel_n their_o phrase_n be_v obscure_a and_o full_a of_o metaphor_n parable_n and_o riddle_n to_o be_v construe_v diverse_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v profitable_a for_o christian_n and_o especial_o for_o divine_n to_o know_v this_o tongue_n as_o well_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o scripture_n as_o to_o refute_v more_o certain_o the_o jew_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o dispute_v against_o they_o as_o also_o the_o arabian_a be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conversion_n of_o mahometiste_n by_o reason_n whereof_o it_o be_v ordain_v at_o the_o counsel_n of_o vienna_n that_o these_o two_o tongue_n shall_v be_v public_o teach_v in_o the_o chiese_n university_n of_o christendom_n the_o saracen_n spread_v abroad_o by_o arm_n with_o their_o religion_n &_o lordship_n the_o arabian_a tongue_n first_o they_o destroy_v the_o persian_a with_o the_o letter_n and_o learn_v thereof_o and_o by_o the_o commandment_n of_o their_o caliphes_n they_o cause_v the_o book_n write_v therein_o to_o be_v burn_v imagine_v that_o while_o the_o persian_n contend_v before_o with_o the_o greek_n in_o arm_n and_o learning_n shall_v have_v these_o book_n contain_v natural_a science_n law_n of_o the_o country_n and_o 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celebrate_v and_o speak_v off_o so_o do_v the_o turk_n at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o christian_n they_o rule_v over_o and_o so_o do_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o goth_n alan_o hun_n vandal_n seruiens_fw-la turule_v and_o lombard_n who_o diverse_a time_n conquer_a country_n who_o language_n they_o disdain_v neither_o understand_v they_o nor_o know_v how_o to_o read_v they_o corrupt_v they_o in_o make_v new_a by_o mixtion_n of_o their_o own_o with_o those_o which_o they_o find_v insomuch_o as_o the_o poor_a people_n remain_v after_o such_o transmigration_n do_v learn_v the_o language_n of_o the_o cruel_a and_o inhuman_a usurper_n to_o use_v in_o speech_n unto_o they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v think_v the_o fit_a subject_n moreover_o these_o barbarous_a people_n refer_v all_o unto_o war_n and_o contemn_v all_o other_o discipline_n burn_v the_o library_n and_o all_o the_o book_n in_o they_o unto_o which_o the_o learned_a have_v recommend_v all_o their_o memorial_n in_o so_o much_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tongue_n there_o ensue_v also_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o science_n which_o be_v write_v in_o they_o from_o whence_o there_o arise_v great_a ignorance_n in_o the_o world_n which_o last_v a_o long_a time_n in_o this_o manner_n of_o the_o grammatical_a greek_a proceed_v the_o vulgar_a of_o the_o latin_a the_o italian_a french_a and_o spanish_a in_o which_o be_v find_v many_o arabian_a word_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o saracen_n hold_v spain_n a_o long_a time_n of_o the_o grammatical_a arabian_a the_o vulgar_a and_o moorish_a use_v from_o syria_n unto_o the_o strait_n of_o morocco_n and_o come_v as_o near_o unto_o it_o as_o the_o italian_a do_v to_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o almaygne_n and_o french_a the_o english_a the_o moor_n which_o come_v of_o the_o arabian_a and_o the_o turk_n of_o the_o tartarian_a understand_v on_o a_o other_o as_o the_o italian_a and_o spanyarde_n and_o so_o of_o those_o which_o be_v now_o in_o use_n be_v other_o make_v and_o of_o they_o other_o will_v be_v make_v in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o howbeit_o they_o change_v incessant_o and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o country_n and_o language_n there_o appear_v in_o short_a time_n a_o difference_n both_o in_o speak_v and_o pronounce_v yet_o every_o where_o there_o be_v somethat_o speak_v fine_a and_o pure_a than_o the_o rest_n such_o as_o be_v the_o athenian_n in_o greece_n the_o roman_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o tuscan_n there_o at_o this_o day_n the_o castilian_n in_o spain_n the_o saxon_n in_o germany_n the_o persian_n in_o asia_n the_o noble_n and_o courtier_n in_o france_n whereby_o the_o question_n be_v decide_v which_o have_v be_v debate_v between_o some_o learned_a man_n namely_o whether_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n have_v two_o language_n and_o whether_o plato_n aristotle_n and_o demosthenes_n in_o greek_a and_o cicero_n sallust_n and_o cesar_n in_o latin_a do_v write_v in_o their_o mother-tongue_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o athens_n there_o be_v but_o one_o language_n and_o in_o rome_n one_o other_o yet_o the_o speech_n of_o the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o so_o pure_a as_o that_o of_o man_n of_o calling_n and_o the_o civil_a sort_n as_o one_o may_v see_v by_o the_o latin_a of_o vitrwius_fw-la who_o be_v a_o chief_a mason_n and_o cicero_n who_o be_v consul_n which_o elegancy_n and_o purity_n of_o speech_n be_v preserve_v long_o among_o woman_n which_o converse_v not_o so_o much_o with_o stranger_n as_o the_o man_n and_o common_o be_v more_o curious_a to_o speak_v well_o tully_n in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o orator_n write_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o learning_n of_o the_o athenian_n be_v lose_v in_o athens_n only_o remain_v in_o that_o town_n the_o school_n or_o house_n of_o study_n which_o be_v not_o care_v for_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o the_o stranger_n enjoy_v it_o which_o be_v draw_v thither_o in_o some_o sort_n by_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o
the_o city_n notwithstanding_o that_o a_o unlearned_a athenian_a excel_v the_o most_o learned_a of_o asia_n not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o sound_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o not_o so_o much_o in_o speak_v well_o as_o in_o pronounce_v sweet_o likewise_o say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a voice_n or_o accent_n peculiar_a and_o proper_a to_o the_o roman_a kind_n &_o to_o the_o city_n in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o offend_v or_o displease_v the_o ear_n or_o savour_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o peregrinity_n &_o strangeness_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o roman_n with_o less_a study_n than_o the_o latin_n do_v excel_v the_o most_o learned_a among_o they_o by_o sweetness_n of_o voice_n the_o greek_n dwell_v in_o true_a greece_n in_o italy_n asia_n in_o sicily_n and_o other_o island_n have_v four_o tongue_n or_o speech_n the_o attic_a doric_a eolike_a and_o ionian_a and_o in_o choose_v out_o of_o every_o of_o they_o throughout_o the_o poet_n word_n and_o figure_n as_o come_v fit_a to_o their_o purpose_n they_o make_v another_o tongue_n which_o they_o call_v the_o common_a and_o after_o under_o one_o name_n only_o call_v they_o all_o five_o the_o greeketongue_n and_o although_o the_o athenian_a be_v fine_a and_o more_o fruitful_a than_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o learned_a which_o be_v not_o athenian_n by_o nation_n do_v write_v only_o after_o their_o natural_a manner_n fear_v peradventure_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o attain_v to_o the_o attic_a purity_n unto_o which_o but_o seldom_o and_o by_o leisure_n attain_v those_o which_o be_v bear_v elsewhere_o for_o theophrastus_n who_o have_v long_a abode_n in_o athens_n be_v repute_v most_o eloquent_a be_v know_v by_o a_o old_a woman_n of_o athens_n to_o be_v a_o stranger_n by_o his_o speech_n pollio_n object_v paduanisme_n unto_o livy_n and_o unto_o virgil_n who_o be_v a_o mantuan_a it_o be_v reproach_v that_o he_o speak_v not_o romain_n so_o every_o tongue_n by_o how_o much_o the_o far_o it_o be_v from_o his_o natural_a spring_n be_v the_o less_o pure_a as_o in_o old_a time_n the_o syrian_n and_o egyptian_n speak_v greeke_n do_v not_o speak_v it_o so_o pure_o as_o the_o athenian_n nor_o the_o gaul_n spaniard_n or_o african_n latin_a as_o the_o roman_n for_o although_o their_o word_n be_v greek_a or_o latin_a yet_o they_o retain_v the_o phrase_n of_o their_o own_o country_n insomuch_o that_o speak_v greek_n or_o latin_a they_o be_v always_o know_v for_o stranger_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a &_o scots_a fleming_n almain_n italian_n and_o spaniard_n when_o they_o speak_v french_a if_o they_o have_v not_o learn_v it_o very_o young_a but_o the_o tongue_n as_o all_o other_o human_a thing_n have_v their_o beginning_n progress_n perfection_n corruption_n and_o end_n and_o be_v rude_a at_o first_o do_v afterward_o polish_v themselves_o with_o civility_n of_o manner_n and_o knowledge_n and_o when_o they_o have_v endure_v a_o time_n in_o purity_n and_o elegancy_n they_o be_v corrupt_v and_o do_v final_o perish_v and_o by_o process_n of_o time_n no_o appearance_n of_o their_o writing_n remain_v the_o greek_n at_o the_o first_o be_v but_o rude_a and_o gross_a as_o thucydides_n plato_n and_z aristotle_n affirm_v and_o the_o first_o which_o become_v civil_a among_o they_o be_v the_o athenian_n who_o polish_v their_o language_n which_o they_o also_o bring_v unto_o perfection_n where_o it_o remain_v not_o long_o but_o be_v corrupt_v and_o lose_v together_o with_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o country_n be_v supplant_v by_o the_o macedonian_n roman_n and_o other_o stranger_n which_o have_v rule_v there_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o never_o sithence_o can_v be_v restore_v the_o true_a propriety_n and_o natural_a elegancy_n of_o the_o greek_a which_o be_v speak_v by_o plato_n aristotle_n isocrates_n demosthenes_n and_o eschines_n but_o in_o steed_n of_o that_o tongue_n which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o best_a in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v at_o length_n come_v a_o other_o use_v at_o this_o present_a in_o greece_n and_o in_o the_o isle_n adjoin_v mingle_v of_o many_o other_o language_n which_o be_v every_o day_n fall_v to_o decay_v under_o the_o turkish_a empire_n wherewith_o the_o country_n have_v be_v already_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o year_n most_o miserable_o oppress_v if_o the_o first_o romain_n writing_n have_v endure_v till_o this_o present_a we_o shall_v see_v that_o euander_n and_o turnus_n and_o the_o other_o latin_n of_o that_o time_n speak_v otherwise_o then_o do_v afterward_o the_o last_o roman_a king_n and_o the_o first_o consul_n the_o verse_n which_o be_v song_n by_o the_o salian_a priest_n be_v scarce_o understand_v but_o because_o they_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o the_o first_o founder_n they_o be_v not_o change_v for_o reverence_n of_o the_o religion_n polybius_n write_v that_o the_o language_n be_v so_o much_o change_v from_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o second_o that_o with_o great_a difficulty_n be_v understand_v the_o treaty_n make_v before_o between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n and_o it_o remain_v rude_a about_o five_o hundred_o year_n have_v no_o writer_n in_o it_o worthy_a of_o memory_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o people_n give_v themselves_o to_o learning_n and_o some_o become_v learn_v yet_o hard_o in_o their_o speech_n commend_v only_o for_o have_v be_v the_o inventour_n and_o first_o teacher_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n which_o be_v after_o make_v most_o pure_a and_o perfect_a by_o cicero_n caesar_n and_o other_o eloquent_a man_n which_o flourish_v then_o in_o great_a number_n in_o who_o indeed_o the_o purity_n there_o of_o be_v to_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o afterward_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v change_v into_o a_o monarchy_n and_o the_o manner_n corrupt_v the_o speech_n be_v also_o change_v and_o corrupt_v lose_v his_o natural_a grace_n &_o goodness_n under_o the_o emperor_n then_o the_o empire_n be_v translate_v from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n many_o strange_a nation_n come_v into_o italy_n alter_v the_o tongue_n so_o that_o man_n leave_v speak_v it_o &_o it_o remain_v in_o book_n only_o which_o be_v not_o red_a nor_o understand_v by_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hundred_o year_n some_o of_o they_o lose_v other_o eat_v by_o worm_n and_o devour_v by_o age_n till_o such_o time_n as_o some_o greek_n and_o italian_n do_v by_o study_n make_v these_o two_o ancient_a tongue_n to_o revive_v when_o they_o be_v almost_o dead_a by_o copy_v out_o publish_v and_o correct_v the_o book_n that_o remain_v in_o some_o library_n such_o as_o have_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o rage_n of_o those_o barbarous_a nation_n which_o have_v so_o happy_o succeed_v that_o the_o say_v tongue_n have_v recover_v great_a light_n with_o the_o art_n write_v in_o they_o which_o we_o see_v restore_v with_o they_o and_o many_o invention_n add_v to_o antiquity_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o then_o the_o roman_a empire_n decline_v to_o the_o west_n as_o the_o ostrogoth_n and_o lombard_n have_v possess_v italy_n the_o visigoth_n and_o saracen_n the_o country_n of_o provence_n languedoc_n aquitaine_n and_o spain_n the_o burguignon_n and_o frenchman_n the_o gaul_n belgic_a and_o celtic_a the_o vandal_n bethick_n &_o africa_n by_o their_o conversation_n the_o latin_a be_v corrupt_v of_o which_o corruption_n come_v the_o italian_a french_a and_o spanish_a the_o italian_a remain_v long_a time_n unpolished_a because_o there_o be_v none_o that_o take_v care_n thereof_o or_o endeavour_v to_o give_v it_o any_o polishment_n until_o dante_n petrarch_n and_o boccace_n who_o have_v much_o embellish_v it_o by_o their_o conceit_n ingenious_o express_v and_o elegant_o couch_v in_o prose_n and_o verse_n where_o in_o they_o have_v be_v second_v by_o other_o no_o less_o learned_a and_o eloquent_a who_o have_v likewise_o enrich_v this_o language_n with_o many_o fair_a work_n and_o translation_n as_o much_o be_v there_o happen_v to_o the_o spanish_a &_o french_a which_o have_v be_v make_v within_o these_o fifty_o year_n more_o elegant_a than_o they_o be_v before_o by_o the_o diligence_n of_o some_o excellent_a man_n which_o have_v translate_v a_o great_a number_n of_o book_n not_o only_a greek_a and_o latin_a but_o italian_a also_o into_o they_o show_v that_o all_o science_n may_v convenient_o be_v handle_v in_o they_o certain_o it_o be_v a_o great_a comfort_n and_o ease_v find_v out_o in_o this_o variety_n of_o language_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v nor_o learned_a of_o all_o to_o translate_v out_o of_o one_o into_o another_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o old_a testament_n have_v be_v translate_v out_o of_o hebrew_n into_o greek_a and_o into_o latin_a the_o new_a testament_n out_o of_o greek_a into_o latin_a and_o consequent_o both_o testament_n into_o syriack_n chaldaick_n egyptian_a persian_a indian_a armenian_a scythian_a sclavonian_a german_a english_a french_a italian_a and_o into_o all_o language_n use_v by_o
man_n without_o which_o benefit_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v remain_v in_o perpetual_a ignorance_n of_o god_n and_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o some_o divine_a work_n it_o appear_v then_o when_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n desire_v to_o put_v into_o his_o excellent_a library_n the_o holy_a book_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n and_o of_o the_o prophet_n translate_v into_o greek_a and_o have_v procure_v out_o of_o jury_n 72._o interpreter_n skilful_a in_o both_o language_n to_o make_v proof_n of_o their_o fidelity_n he_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o work_v apart_o several_o and_o yet_o nevertheless_o find_v in_o they_o such_o consent_n and_o agreement_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o scripture_n have_v receive_v this_o so_o marvellous_a a_o gift_n of_o god_n to_o send_v the_o scripture_n may_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v divine_a as_o it_o be_v and_o that_o the_o translation_n may_v be_v of_o more_o authority_n as_o be_v do_v not_o by_o the_o diligence_n of_o man_n serve_v but_o for_o the_o word_n but_o by_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n guide_v and_o govern_v the_o understanding_n of_o the_o translator_n moreover_o by_o such_o mean_v philosophy_n physics_n and_o the_o mathematic_a be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o greek_a into_o arabian_a and_o out_o of_o greek_a and_o arabian_a into_o latin_a many_o art_n infinite_a history_n communicate_v by_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o varro_z and_o columella_n say_v that_o the_o roman_n understand_v the_o profit_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o book_n of_o husbandry_n make_v by_o mago_n the_o carthaginian_a in_o the_o punic_a tongue_n ordain_v by_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v translate_v into_o latin_a whence_o may_v manifest_o be_v know_v the_o profit_n of_o translation_n favour_v by_o god_n in_o the_o exposition_n of_o his_o word_n and_o holy_a scripture_n confirm_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o communicate_v of_o art_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o sage_a senate_n of_o the_o triumphant_a seignory_n of_o rome_n yet_o can_v i_o not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v more_o painful_a than_o praiseworthy_a where_o diligence_n assist_v with_o judgement_n be_v more_o requisite_a than_o any_o excellent_a knowledge_n which_o appear_v more_o in_o invent_v of_o itself_o then_o in_o translate_n that_o be_v to_o say_v write_v out_o of_o one_o book_n into_o another_o observe_v the_o propriety_n of_o both_o tongue_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o own_o or_o take_v aught_o from_o the_o author_n who_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o translate_v so_o faithful_o &_o elegant_o but_o there_o will_v be_v always_o more_o grace_n in_o the_o original_n than_o the_o translation_n where_o the_o word_n be_v always_o tie_v to_o the_o phrase_n savour_v more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o tongue_n out_o of_o which_o one_o translate_v in_o diverse_a strange_a word_n belong_v unto_o the_o religion_n state_n of_o government_n law_n magistrate_n or_o science_n which_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o change_v and_o hard_a or_o uncouth_a to_o make_v new_a in_o their_o place_n and_o again_o in_o the_o metaphor_n allegory_n comparison_n similitude_n and_o other_o figure_n and_o ornament_n of_o speech_n each_o several_a tongue_n have_v i_o know_v not_o what_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o itself_o not_o to_o be_v express_v in_o a_o other_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o bring_v a_o tongue_n to_o perfection_n by_o translation_n and_o there_o be_v never_o translator_n how_o sufficient_a soever_o that_o deserve_v the_o like_a praise_n as_o his_o author_n whatsoever_o theodorus_n gaza_n listen_v to_o say_v the_o most_o excellent_a that_o be_v know_v in_o this_o quality_n cicero_n father_n of_o the_o roman_a eloquence_n translate_v into_o latin_a xenophon_n his_o oeconomick_a the_o contrary_a oration_n of_o eschines_n and_o demosthenes_n the_o 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that_o have_v propose_v to_o his_o nation_n the_o light_n or_o lamp_n of_o learning_n namely_o isocrates_n xenophon_n demosthenes_n aristotle_n plato_n and_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o mankind_n as_o they_o be_v term_v by_o seneca_n which_o have_v long_a time_n lyen_fw-we hide_v in_o school_n or_o bury_v in_o library_n without_o be_v put_v in_o ure_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v reject_v especial_o travail_v in_o a_o tongue_n not_o yet_o polish_v nor_o accustom_v unto_o art_n which_o will_v be_v much_o amend_v by_o travail_v therein_o even_o as_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a come_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o their_o perfection_n by_o handle_v of_o good_a matter_n in_o they_o as_o philosophy_n matter_n of_o state_n or_o public_a government_n deed_n of_o arm_n and_o other_o honest_a &_o profitable_a science_n not_o by_o write_v of_o fabulous_a romance_n or_o amorous_a sonnet_n or_o such_o kind_n of_o stuff_n wherewith_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n be_v all_o pester_v but_o there_o be_v need_n of_o learned_a and_o eloquent_a man_n such_o as_o hardly_o and_o rare_o be_v find_v in_o many_o hundred_o and_o thousand_o of_o year_n worthy_a of_o admiration_n of_o who_o we_o have_v always_o have_v no_o less_o want_n than_o other_o country_n or_o if_o some_o such_o have_v at_o any_o time_n be_v find_v here_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v delight_v instrangetongue_n more_o than_o in_o their_o own_o but_o it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o the_o learned_a shall_v exact_o know_v their_o own_o tongue_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v write_v in_o it_o sometime_o to_o make_v it_o better_o and_o do_v good_a to_o their_o own_o countryman_n rather_o than_o to_o stranger_n so_o that_o the_o greek_a latin_a hebrew_n chaldaick_n and_o arabian_a which_o be_v common_a to_o many_o nation_n be_v not_o thereby_o forget_v or_o lay_v aside_o wherehence_a will_v arise_v great_a obscurity_n to_o those_o discipline_n which_o be_v write_v in_o they_o confusion_n to_o the_o world_n and_o ignorance_n unto_o man_n deprive_v of_o the_o communication_n which_o they_o have_v by_o mean_n of_o they_o not_o understand_v one_o another_o afterward_o nor_o confer_v together_o notwithstanding_o i_o will_v never_o counsel_n to_o employ_v so_o many_o year_n on_o these_o learned_a tongue_n as_o man_n have_v accustom_v to_o do_v and_o to_o consume_v the_o time_n inlern_v of_o word_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v bestow_v in_o knowledge_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o have_v not_o afterward_o the_o mean_n nor_o leisure_n to_o intend_v which_o error_n bring_v great_a backwardness_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o science_n but_o let_v it_o suffice_v hitherto_o to_o have_v speak_v of_o language_n and_o let_v we_o come_v now_o follow_v the_o order_n set_v down_o by_o we_o to_o the_o invention_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o arts._n the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o vicissitude_n and_o invention_n of_o art_n and_o how_o man_n from_o their_o first_o simplicity_n and_o rudeness_n have_v come_v to_o the_o present_a commodity_n magnificence_n and_o excellency_n the_o three_o book_n plato_n a_o most_o renown_a philosopher_n amongst_o all_o that_o ever_o be_v celebrate_v for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o learning_n represent_v under_o a_o fable_n the_o first_o estate_n of_o mankind_n sayn_v that_o at_o the_o beginning_n the_o god_n be_v alone_o afore_o there_o be_v any_o mortal_a creature_n but_o that_o the_o fatal_a destiny_n of_o generation_n be_v come_v they_o frame_v they_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v they_o of_o fire_n and_o of_o earth_n with_o other_o thing_n mingle_v with_o they_o and_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o bring_v they_o into_o light_n they_o give_v the_o charge_n to_o prometheus_n and_o epimetheus_n to_o distribute_v to_o every_o one_o his_o force_n and_o propriety_n then_o epimetheus_n pray_v prometheus_n to_o let_v he_o make_v the_o distribution_n in_o his_o presence_n and_o so_o go_v about_o it_o alone_o
travayl_v in_o diverse_a exercise_n do_v obtain_v alike_o excellency_n and_o reputation_n they_o think_v that_o man_n wit_n be_v nourish_v by_o emulation_n and_o that_o sometime_o envy_n sometime_o admiration_n do_v stir_v they_o up_o and_o make_v they_o mount_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o high_a where_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o remain_v since_o every_o thing_n that_o can_v not_o go_v forward_o or_o upward_o do_v natural_o descend_v and_o retire_v yea_o common_o much_o fast_a than_o it_o ascend_v and_o as_o they_o be_v provoke_v to_o follow_v or_o imitate_v the_o first_o so_o after_o they_o despair_n of_o go_v beyond_o they_o or_o attain_v to_o they_o they_o lose_v their_o courage_n of_o travayl_v and_o labour_v with_o their_o hope_n leave_v the_o matter_n as_o already_o possess_v which_o fall_v after_o by_o negligence_n and_o come_v to_o contempt_n aristotle_n who_o affirm_v the_o world_n to_o be_v eternal_a and_o plato_n who_o say_v that_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v no_o end_n do_v both_o affirm_v that_o infinite_a thing_n have_v be_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o shall_v be_v infinite_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o who_o like_a have_v not_o be_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v nothing_o which_o have_v not_o be_v and_o that_o nothing_o have_v be_v but_o shall_v be_v again_o that_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o art_n and_o science_n and_o other_o human_a invention_n can_v be_v perpetual_a those_o nation_n be_v destroy_v where_o they_o flourish_v by_o reason_n of_o extreme_a heat_n and_o inundation_n which_o must_v needs_o happen_v at_o certain_a time_n by_o the_o move_a and_o progress_n of_o the_o star_n either_o by_o the_o fire_n and_o water_n descend_v from_o above_o in_o exceed_a quantity_n or_o fire_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o sea_n forcible_o overflow_a his_o bank_n or_o by_o the_o increase_n and_o swell_a of_o river_n which_o can_v not_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n tremble_v and_o quake_v open_a itself_o and_o violent_o cast_v forth_o the_o water_n before_o enclose_v in_o his_o entrails_n but_o howbeit_o the_o star_n have_v some_o power_n towards_o the_o dispose_n of_o inferior_a thing_n the_o situation_n of_o place_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v help_v concern_v understanding_n and_o manner_n the_o reward_n and_o honour_n propose_v unto_o man_n industry_n the_o learned_a age_n and_o liberal_a prince_n give_v great_a advancement_n unto_o art_n and_o emulation_n serve_v for_o a_o spur_n thereunto_o notwithstanding_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v that_o god_n be_v careful_a of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n do_v grant_v the_o excellency_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o learning_n sometime_o unto_o asia_n sometime_o unto_o africa_n sometime_o unto_o europe_n establish_v the_o sovereign_a empire_n of_o the_o world_n once_o in_o the_o east_n another_o time_n in_o the_o west_n another_o time_n in_o the_o south_n another_o in_o the_o north_n and_o suffer_v virtue_n and_o vice_n valiancy_n and_o cowardice_n sobriety_n and_o delicacy_n knowledge_n and_o ignorance_n to_o go_v from_o country_n to_o country_n honour_v and_o diffame_v the_o nation_n at_o diverse_a time_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o one_o in_o his_o turn_n may_v have_v part_n of_o good_a hap_n and_o ill_o and_o that_o none_o shall_v wax_v proud_a by_o overlong_o prosperity_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v fall_v out_o unto_o this_o present_a by_o particular_a recital_n of_o the_o nation_n account_v the_o first_o or_o chief_a of_o the_o world_n the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o letter_n concur_v in_o the_o conjunction_n of_o power_n and_o wisdom_n through_o the_o most_o renown_a nation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o who_o have_v be_v the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o that_o have_v excel_v in_o they_o both_o the_o four_o book_n intend_v to_o begin_v our_o 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such_o time_n as_o they_o plant_v root_n and_o other_o in_o summer_n when_o they_o sow_v rice_n sesame_n and_o millet_n whereof_o there_o come_v great_a abundance_n from_o thence_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o grain_n and_o fruit_n grow_v there_o without_o any_o help_n of_o man_n and_o that_o the_o root_n grow_v in_o the_o marsh_n of_o singular_a sweetness_n serve_v man_n in_o steed_n of_o other_o victual_n very_o sufficient_o and_o that_o the_o custom_n do_v help_v that_o fertility_n much_o which_o they_o observe_v in_o time_n of_o war_n not_o to_o hurt_v the_o husbandman_n nor_o endamage_v the_o laborer_n in_o any_o thing_n but_o to_o leave_v they_o in_o peace_n as_o minister_n of_o the_o common_a profit_n and_o not_o to_o burn_v the_o farm_n and_o village_n of_o their_o adversary_n themselves_o nor_o to_o cut_v their_o tree_n or_o corn_n which_o they_o have_v sow_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o indian_n appear_v then_o when_o they_o be_v assail_v by_o semiramis_n queen_n of_o assyria_n for_o be_v a_o woman_n exceed_v covetous_a of_o honour_n and_o of_o glory_n after_o she_o have_v conquer_v egypt_n and_o ethiopia_n she_o think_v yet_o to_o make_v one_o war_n more_o the_o memory_n whereof_o shall_v last_v forever_o understanding_n then_o that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o indies_n be_v the_o great_a of_o the_o world_n and_o their_o country_n above_o all_o other_o excellent_a in_o beauty_n and_o fertility_n where_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v say_v carry_v twice_o in_o a_o year_n fruit_n and_o seed_n and_o where_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n silver_n brass_n precious_a stone_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n both_o for_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n she_o employ_v all_o her_o force_n against_o the_o indian_n over_o who_o reign_v staurobates_n and_o assemble_v her_o army_n in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v three_o million_o of_o foot_n five_o hundred_o thousand_o horseman_n a_o hundred_o thousand_o chariot_n and_o as_o many_o fighter_n on_o camels-back_n with_o sword_n of_o six_o foot_n in_o length_n two_o thousand_o bark_n or_o ship_n and_o make_v or_o feign_a elephant_n in_o great_a number_n who_o counterfeit_n be_v carry_v on_o camel_n which_o military_a preparation_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o indian_n he_o assay_v to_o exceed_v her_o force_n and_o have_v ordain_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o readiness_n for_o the_o resist_n of_o she_o he_o send_v his_o ambassador_n before_o reprehend_v she_o of_o great_a ambition_n that_o without_o be_v provoke_v by_o any_o wrong_n or_o injury_n of_o they_o she_o make_v war_n against_o they_o blame_v she_o beside_o in_o many_o and_o diverse_a respect_n and_o call_v the_o god_n to_o witness_v he_o threaten_v she_o that_o if_o she_o be_v over_o come_v in_o battle_n he_o will_v cause_v she_o to_o be_v hang_v and_o crucify_v whereunto_o semiramis_n answer_v smile_v that_o they_o must_v fight_v with_o prowess_n and_o not_o with_o word_n the_o battle_n then_o approach_v one_o against_o the_o other_o 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other_o they_o have_v so_o little_o prevail_v that_o yet_o at_o this_o present_a they_o be_v not_o able_a there_o to_o till_o the_o land_n except_o the_o river_n nilus_n be_v hold_v in_o by_o causwais_o and_o bank_n and_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o this_o country_n do_v first_o of_o all_o bring_v forth_o man_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o bank_n and_o causy_n yet_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o mud_n and_o dregs_n which_o the_o river_n nilus_n bring_v in_o and_o leave_v there_o appear_v yet_o all_o watery_a by_o these_o reason_n both_o the_o one_o and_o other_o nation_n maintain_v their_o antiquity_n but_o as_o concern_v egypt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o part_n thereof_o be_v sometime_o cover_v with_o water_n all_o that_o which_o be_v above_o memphis_n towards_o the_o mountain_n of_o ethiopia_n have_v be_v sea_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o herodotus_n and_o strabo_n think_v all_o the_o land_n which_o be_v from_o sienna_n unto_o the_o sea_n water_v with_o the_o river_n nilus_n 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the_o chaldee_n very_o skilful_a in_o astrology_n hold_v opinion_n that_o the_o world_n have_v always_o be_v that_o it_o have_v no_o beginning_n nor_o shall_v have_v no_o end_n aristotle_n have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o that_o all_o live_a creature_n be_v sempiternal_a plato_n in_o his_o three_o and_o twelve_o book_n of_o law_n doubt_v of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o mankind_n whether_o they_o be_v from_o the_o beginning_n or_o no_o say_v that_o the_o generation_n of_o man_n either_o have_v no_o beginning_n or_o that_o it_o begin_v a_o inestimable_a length_n of_o time_n before_o us._n the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o timaeus_n critias_n menexemus_n and_o his_o politic_a be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n the_o vigour_n of_o man_n mind_n and_o fertility_n of_o their_o body_n diminish_v by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o such_o sort_n that_o our_o understanding_n find_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o divinity_n &_o the_o body_n void_a of_o their_o accustom_a fertility_n then_o god_n meaning_n to_o restore_v mankind_n into_o his_o former_a dignity_n drown_v or_o burn_v the_o earth_n temper_v in_o such_o sort_n the_o celestial_a motion_n by_o himself_o which_o be_v their_o mover_n that_o the_o heavenly_a destiny_n give_v place_n and_o concur_v always_o with_o his_o divine_a providence_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v abundant_o water_v with_o fresh_a humour_n and_o make_v fruitful_a by_o the_o heat_n ensue_v do_v bring_v forth_o or_o else_o that_o the_o rain_n fall_v more_o plentiful_o after_o excessive_a heat_n &_o drouth_n there_o be_v engender_v or_o regenerate_v not_o only_o little_a creature_n but_o great_a one_o also_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o of_o their_o mother_n of_o which_o opinion_n also_o be_v many_o egyptian_n greek_n and_o arabian_n namely_o algazel_n and_o avicen_n with_o who_o aristotle_n agree_v in_o his_o problem_n when_o he_o say_v that_o in_o little_a mutation_n of_o time_n 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of_o the_o race_n of_o charlemaigne_n and_o short_o upon_o the_o come_n of_o hugh_n capet_n then_o such_o lord_n as_o hold_v the_o great_a fee_n of_o the_o king_n they_o subdivide_v they_o to_o other_o person_n of_o who_o they_o expect_v service_n and_o both_o the_o one_o and_o other_o give_v their_o land_n to_o the_o peasant_n with_o duty_n of_o rent_n and_o with_o condition_n to_o receive_v justice_n of_o they_o wherehence_a be_v come_v the_o term_n of_o fee_n and_o underfee_n of_o vassal_n and_o undervassal_n for_o a_o difference_n from_o they_o which_o relieve_v direct_o and_o without_o any_o mean_a of_o the_o king_n consequent_o of_o ban_n &_o arriereban_n and_o of_o liege_n or_o bond_n man_n who_o without_o exception_n do_v promise_v all_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o of_o those_o which_o be_v not_o bond_n or_o liege_n which_o do_v only_o promise_v a_o duty_n by_o reason_n of_o superior_a estate_n or_o fee_n of_o which_o they_o which_o be_v inferior_a depend_v 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that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_a the_o end_n of_o the_o fowerth_o book_n of_o the_o learning_n poesy_n eloquence_n power_n and_o other_o excellency_n of_o the_o grecian_n the_o five_o book_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o persian_n sway_v by_o their_o arm_n in_o asia_n and_o that_o cyrus_n found_v the_o persian_a monarchy_n good_a letter_n and_o learning_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o greece_n and_o the_o country_n there_o about_o aswell_o in_o the_o isle_n as_o in_o the_o main_a land_n and_o by_o the_o learned_a and_o renown_a pythagoras_n begin_v philosophy_n first_o of_o all_o man_n consider_v the_o admirable_a ornament_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o continual_a and_o perdurable_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o variety_n and_o distinction_n of_o the_o star_n the_o intercourse_n of_o day_n and_o night_n of_o month_n and_o year_n continual_o succeed_v the_o vital_a power_n of_o fire_n diffuse_v through_o out_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o variable_a air_n sustain_v 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athens_n to_o spend_v there_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o life_n in_o learning_n and_o whereas_o in_o any_o one_o particular_a science_n one_o shall_v hardly_o attain_v to_o any_o excellency_n though_o he_o use_v no_o other_o exercise_n all_o his_o life_n he_o excel_v in_o whatsoever_o he_o will_v apply_v himself_o unto_o and_o never_o undertake_v to_o entreat_v of_o anything_o but_o he_o bring_v it_o almost_o to_o his_o sovereign_a perfection_n wherein_o he_o be_v much_o holpen_v by_o the_o quickness_n of_o his_o wit_n and_o sharpness_n of_o his_o understanding_n his_o inclination_n to_o learning_n and_o perseverance_n the_o excellent_a learning_n of_o his_o master_n plato_n who_o auditor_n he_o be_v by_o the_o space_n of_o xx_o year_n the_o happiness_n of_o that_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v full_a of_o good_a book_n and_o rich_a in_o all_o art_n and_o the_o liberality_n of_o his_o scholar_n alexander_n who_o supply_v he_o with_o good_n to_o come_v to_o his_o intention_n many_o 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discipline_n of_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o kingdom_n of_o his_o time_n and_o of_o such_o as_o flourish_v before_o he_o thone_n and_o other_o have_v show_v the_o change_n which_o happen_v in_o they_o and_o the_o mean_n how_o to_o remedy_v they_o as_o concern_v logic_n aristotle_n attribute_v to_o himself_o the_o invention_n and_o perfection_n thereof_o he_o have_v also_o speak_v of_o rhetoric_n and_o of_o poesy_n so_o exact_o that_o there_o be_v none_o find_v better_a in_o these_o profession_n moreover_o plato_n have_v write_v in_o dialogue_n in_o the_o which_o common_o he_o bring_v in_o socrates_n assure_v nothing_o but_o dispute_v much_o of_o thing_n both_o affirmative_o &_o negative_o inquire_v of_o all_o thing_n and_o ask_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o assistant_n or_o stander_n by_o without_o say_v his_o own_o or_o resolve_v of_o anything_o which_o manner_n of_o writing_n have_v great_a efficacy_n and_o make_v thing_n more_o intelligible_a as_o if_o they_o be_v then_o do_v and_o be_v not_o take_v from_o elsewhere_o observe_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n introduce_v &_o accommodate_v of_o apt_a speech_n unto_o every_o one_o according_a to_o the_o variety_n which_o cause_v a_o exceed_a pleasure_n in_o do_v whereof_o he_o have_v follow_v a_o elegant_a manner_n of_o writing_n magnificent_a full_a of_o majesty_n and_o gravity_n both_o in_o word_n and_o sentence_n enrich_v with_o translation_n allegory_n and_o other_o colour_n of_o rhetorik_n without_o observe_v any_o certain_a method_n of_o teach_v but_o aristotle_n have_v endeavour_v to_o write_v methodical_o he_o express_v himself_o according_a as_o the_o matter_n require_v proper_o &_o without_o any_o exquisite_a ornament_n of_o word_n that_o which_o he_o undertake_v to_o treat_v off_o he_o pursue_v it_o from_o the_o begin_n unto_o the_o end_n not_o digress_v any_o way_n &_o leave_v nothing_o undecyded_a many_o have_v blame_v he_o for_o have_v make_v himself_o purposely_o obscure_a and_o ambiguous_a in_o 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the_o greek_n reckon_v the_o one_o divine_a and_o his_o doctrine_n have_v be_v much_o honour_v both_o while_o he_o live_v and_o after_o his_o decease_n other_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o wonderful_a man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o incomparable_a knowledge_n singular_o respect_v and_o reverence_v of_o all_o that_o have_v sithence_o give_v themselves_o to_o learning_n in_o brief_a aristotle_n learn_v all_o the_o good_a which_o he_o know_v of_o plato_n and_o it_o be_v a_o marvellous_a great_a happiness_n unto_o he_o to_o have_v be_v both_o a_o scholar_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a philosopher_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v know_v and_o master_n of_o the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a here_o to_o omit_v demosthenes_n who_o be_v a_o diligent_a hearer_n of_o plato_n and_o a_o friend_n unto_o aristotle_n be_v so_o accomplish_v in_o eloquence_n that_o he_o be_v account_v the_o law_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o peror_v and_o speak_v well_o there_o be_v such_o force_n in_o his_o word_n and_o he_o have_v so_o well_o dispose_v they_o that_o one_o can_v well_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o or_o take_v aught_o from_o they_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a in_o those_o cause_n which_o he_o have_v handle_v and_o in_o the_o oration_n which_o he_o have_v write_v wise_o to_o invent_v or_o subtle_o to_o express_v any_o thing_n but_o he_o have_v well_o understand_v it_o neither_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o find_v any_o thing_n more_o stately_a more_o grave_a or_o more_o beautify_v then_o that_o which_o he_o have_v say_v and_o write_v for_o he_o be_v so_o studious_a and_o laborious_a that_o even_o till_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n there_o be_v never_o find_v any_o artisan_n in_o athens_n more_o diligent_a to_o rise_v early_o then_o he_o and_o although_o he_o have_v many_o imperfection_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o stammer_n in_o his_o speech_n short_a breathe_v and_o timorous_a he_o overcome_v by_o diligence_n and_o industry_n all_o his_o hindrance_n and_o use_v himself_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o there_o be_v no_o orator_n in_o his_o time_n albeit_o there_o be_v then_o many_o excellent_a that_o pronounce_v more_o cleanly_a and_o distinct_o or_o speak_v long_o and_o bold_a than_o he_o moreover_o he_o be_v no_o small_a personage_n but_o have_v while_o he_o live_v great_a authority_n throughout_o greece_n be_v fear_v and_o redoubt_a by_o the_o king_n of_o macedon_n honour_v by_o the_o great_a signior_n of_o persia_n who_o manage_v long_o the_o affair_n of_o athens_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v by_o reason_n whereof_o he_o well_o understand_v matter_n of_o state_n the_o mutation_n which_o happen_v in_o lordship_n and_o the_o cause_n wherehence_a they_o proceed_v and_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n necessary_a for_o public_a government_n but_o some_o appearance_n thereof_o be_v find_v in_o he_o his_o counsel_n tend_v not_o only_a unto_o profit_n but_o to_o honour_n and_o
tacitus_n write_v of_o famous_a orator_n say_v tell_v i_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o former_a eloquence_n since_o it_o be_v but_o six_o score_n year_n from_o the_o death_n of_o cicero_n to_o this_o present_a and_o a_o little_a after_o who_o know_v not_o that_o eloquence_n and_o the_o other_o art_n be_v fall_v from_o their_o ancient_a glory_n not_o for_o want_v of_o man_n but_o by_o the_o slothfulness_n of_o youth_n and_o negligence_n of_o parent_n and_o ignorance_n of_o teacher_n and_o forgetfulness_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n which_o evil_n be_v first_o begin_v in_o the_o city_n have_v be_v eft_o soon_o disperse_v through_o italy_n and_o all_o the_o province_n the_o eloquent_a man_n of_o this_o time_n commit_v foul_a and_o shameful_a fault_n in_o every_o word_n of_o their_o ordinary_a speech_n shut_v up_o eloquence_n into_o little_a sense_n and_o small_a sentence_n as_o if_o she_o be_v banish_v from_o her_o kingdom_n whereas_o in_o time_n past_a be_v rich_o deck_v with_o all_o art_n she_o fill_v the_o breast_n now_o be_v clip_v and_o curtail_v she_o remain_v without_o ornament_n without_o honour_n and_o as_o if_o she_o be_v without_o ingenuity_n and_o be_v learn_v but_o as_o some_o base_a discipline_n this_o we_o account_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a cause_n why_o we_o be_v so_o far_o go_v back_o from_o eloquence_n and_o the_o same_o author_n again_o in_o the_o xvij_o of_o his_o annal_n say_v before_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v write_v with_o like_a eloquence_n &_o liberty_n but_o since_o the_o battle_n of_o actium_n that_o the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n require_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o power_n of_o one_o then_o cease_v these_o great_a wit_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v utter_o lose_v first_o by_o ignorance_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n which_o be_v strange_a unto_o they_o then_o by_o flattery_n or_o hatred_n of_o those_o that_o rule_v pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n i_o marvel_v say_v he_o that_o the_o world_n disagree_v and_o be_v divide_v into_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v into_o part_n so_o many_o person_n have_v employ_v themselves_o to_o search_v out_o thing_n which_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o find_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o at_o this_o day_n every_o one_o in_o his_o country_n know_v some_o thing_n more_o true_o by_o the_o book_n of_o such_o as_o be_v never_o there_o then_o by_o advertisement_n of_o the_o originary_n and_o now_o that_o we_o enjoy_v so_o happy_a a_o peace_n and_o have_v a_o emperor_n that_o take_v so_o great_a pleasure_n in_o the_o science_n and_o in_o new_a invention_n man_n be_v so_o far_o off_o from_o invent_v any_o new_a thing_n that_o they_o scarce_o learn_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o reward_n be_v not_o then_o bestow_v in_o great_a abundance_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o fortune_n and_o yet_o more_o man_n employ_v themselves_o in_o search_v out_o of_o these_o thing_n not_o 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prevail_v by_o they_o think_v by_o they_o to_o obtain_v aid_n and_o immortality_n wherefore_o both_o the_o reward_n and_o work_v abound_v the_o inlargment_n of_o the_o world_n and_o plenty_n of_o thing_n have_v be_v hurtful_a to_o posterity_n since_o the_o senator_n begin_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o his_o revenue_n the_o judge_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o revenue_n and_o that_o nothing_o have_v so_o much_o commend_v the_o magistrate_n and_o captain_n as_o his_o revenue_n since_o that_o corrupt_a bribe_n be_v authorize_v &_o the_o purchase_n of_o office_n become_v very_o gainful_a &_o that_o the_o only_a pleasure_n be_v in_o possess_v much_o the_o prize_n of_o life_n be_v vanish_v and_o the_o art_n call_v liberal_a of_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o liberty_n have_v fall_v out_o to_o the_o contrary_a and_o man_n have_v begin_v to_o profit_v only_o by_o servitude_n and_o slavery_n some_o worship_v of_o it_o in_o one_o sort_n and_o some_o in_o a_o other_o yet_o all_o notwithstanding_o aspire_v to_o the_o same_o hope_n of_o profit_v the_o chief_a have_v rather_o respect_v the_o vice_n of_o another_o than_o their_o own_o virtue_n wherefore_o pleasure_n have_v begin_v to_o live_v and_o life_n be_v perish_v and_o the_o same_o in_o his_o twenty-five_o book_n i_o can_v not_o sufficient_o admire_v the_o diligence_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o have_v leave_v nothing_o unsearched_a and_o unexperiment_v not_o retain_v to_o themselves_o that_o which_o they_o know_v to_o be_v profitable_a to_o posterity_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o endeavour_n to_o hide_v and_o to_o suppress_v their_o labour_n &_o to_o deprive_v those_o good_a thing_n of_o life_n which_o be_v get_v by_o other_o so_o certain_o do_v they_o hide_v it_o which_o know_v any_o thing_n be_v envious_a of_o other_o and_o â—eaching_v it_o unto_o none_o do_v think_v thereby_o to_o authorise_v their_o knowledge_n so_o far_o be_v these_o manner_n from_o invent_v any_o new_a thing_n wherewith_o to_o be_v helpful_a to_o life_n the_o chief_a and_o sovereign_a labour_n of_o good_a wit_n be_v come_v unto_o this_o to_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o deed_n of_o other_o and_o to_o let_v they_o perish_v which_o be_v not_o to_o say_v that_o there_o have_v not_o be_v sithence_o any_o learned_a and_o eloquent_a man_n but_o that_o they_o be_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a in_o propriety_n purity_n facility_n and_o elegancy_n of_o speech_n not_o comparable_a to_o they_o in_o understanding_n judgement_n and_o knowledge_n as_o in_o italy_n seneca_n call_v by_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n sand_n without_o lime_n and_o a_o bosom_n unbind_v the_o two_o pliny_n the_o uncle_n account_v the_o most_o learned_a of_o his_o time_n and_o the_o nephew_n a_o famous_a orator_n who_o be_v man_n of_o great_a credit_n and_o authority_n tacitus_n and_o suetonius_n historiographer_n lucan_n persius_n sylius_n italicus_n who_o be_v consul_n the_o last_o year_n of_o nero_n statius_n iwenal_n and_o martial_a poet_n cornelius_n celsus_n exercise_v in_o all_o science_n quinctilian_n a_o rhetorician_n aulus_n gellius_n julius_n hyginus_n a_o astrologer_n polemon_n and_o scaurus_n grammarian_n aburnius_fw-la valens_n tuscianus_n vindius_n verus_n vlpius_n marcellus_n arrianus_n tertullianus_n saluius_n julianus_n l._n volusius_n mecianus_fw-la papinianus_n and_o his_o auditor_n vulpianus_fw-la tarnucius_fw-la palernus_fw-la macer_n terentius_n clementius_fw-la menander_n arcadius_n rufinus_n papyrius_n fronto_n anthius_n maximus_n hermogenianus_n africanus_n florentinus_n triphonius_n justus_n callistratus_n venuleius_n celsus_n alphenus_n sabinus_n aelius_n gordianus_n triphonius_n proculus_n modestinus_n pomponius_n and_o africanus_n all_o excellent_a lawyer_n in_o greece_n asia_n and_o alexandria_n of_o egypt_n plutarch_n and_o his_o nephew_n sextus_n musonius_n apollonius_n tyanaeus_n &_o of_o chalcedonia_n lucian_n galen_n the_o physician_n epictetus_n the_o stoic_a favorinus_n arrianus_n herodianus_n and_o
their_o confidence_n in_o they_o which_o turn_v they_o unto_o evil_n a_o comparison_n of_o the_o power_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a with_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v in_o his_o time_n and_o if_o have_v conquer_v asia_n he_o have_v turn_v his_o force_n into_o europe_n what_o may_v have_v happen_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o livy_n livy_n in_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o his_o first_o decade_n speak_v of_o papirius_n cursor_n say_v that_o in_o that_o time_n be_v as_o fertile_a of_o virtue_n as_o any_o other_o there_o be_v no_o man_n on_o who_o the_o state_n of_o rome_n do_v more_o depend_v then_o on_o he_o and_o which_o be_v more_o they_o account_v he_o matchable_a in_o courage_n with_o alexander_n the_o great_a if_o have_v subdue_v asia_n he_o have_v turn_v his_o arm_n into_o europe_n nothing_o less_o say_v he_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o work_n then_o that_o i_o shall_v wander_v far_o then_o appertain_v to_o the_o order_n of_o thing_n and_o that_o beautify_v the_o work_n with_o variety_n i_o shall_v recreate_v the_o reader_n with_o pleasant_a digression_n and_o give_v my_o mind_n some_o rest_n yet_o the_o mention_n of_o so_o great_a a_o king_n and_o capitaine_n make_v i_o set_v down_o here_o the_o secret_a thought_n which_o sometime_o have_v come_v into_o my_o head_n as_o to_o know_v what_o have_v happen_v to_o the_o roman_n if_o they_o have_v make_v war_n against_o alexander_n the_o great_a often_o time_o in_o war_n the_o multitude_n and_o valiancy_n of_o soldier_n may_v do_v much_o as_o also_o the_o wisdom_n of_o captain_n and_o fortune_n which_o be_v mighty_a in_o all_o human_a and_o especial_o in_o military_a affair_n consider_v these_o thing_n both_o several_o and_o together_o i_o find_v that_o they_o make_v the_o roman_a empire_n invincible_a against_o this_o king_n as_o against_o all_o other_o king_n and_o nation_n first_o beginning_n by_o the_o comparison_n of_o captain_n i_o deny_v not_o that_o alexander_n be_v a_o excellent_a capitaine_n but_o he_o be_v the_o more_o renown_a because_o he_o be_v alone_o and_o die_v young_a upon_o the_o augmentation_n of_o his_o affair_n have_v not_o yet_o taste_v of_o adverse_a fortune_n not_o speak_v of_o other_o king_n and_o famous_a captain_n that_o have_v â—in_v notable_a example_n of_o human_a accident_n what_o make_v cyrus_n so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o the_o grecians_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o adversity_n of_o contrary_a fortune_n but_o his_o long_a life_n as_o not_o long_o sithende_v it_o happen_v unto_o pompey_n the_o great_a i_o will_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_a captain_n which_o be_v at_o other_o season_n but_o of_o those_o with_o who_o as_o be_v consul_n or_o dictatour_n alexander_n have_v fight_v namely_o m._n valerius_n coruinus_fw-la â—_o marcus_n rutilius_n c._n sulpitius_n titus_n manlius_n torquatus_n qu._n publius_n philo_n lucius_n papirius_n cursor_n quintus_fw-la fabius_n maximus_n and_o the_o two_o decci_n lucius_n volumnius_n marcus_z lucius_z and_o other_o great_a personage_n follow_v if_o he_o have_v prefer_v the_o punic_a war_n before_o the_o roman_a and_o then_o be_v of_o more_o year_n have_v pass_v into_o italy_n in_o every_o of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o same_o vigour_n of_o spirit_n and_o mind_n that_o be_v in_o alexander_n and_o military_a discipline_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o city_n successive_o deliver_v from_o hand_n to_o hand_n and_o ordain_v in_o form_n of_o a_o art_n by_o the_o principal_a precept_n thereof_o thus_o do_v the_o king_n fight_n and_o thus_o they_o that_o drive_v they_o away_o namely_o the_o junij_fw-la and_o valerij_fw-la thus_o consequent_o the_o fabius_n quintij_fw-la and_o cornelij_fw-la thus_o furius_n camillus_n who_o be_v old_a see_v the_o two_o young_a one_o that_o shall_v have_v fight_v with_o alexander_n to_o who_o also_o manlius_n torquatus_n will_v not_o have_v give_v place_n if_o he_o have_v meet_v he_o equal_o in_o battle_n neither_o vaserius_fw-la coruinus_fw-la both_o of_o they_o notable_a soldier_n before_o they_o be_v captain_n neither_o will_v the_o two_o decci_n have_v yield_v any_o whit_n unto_o he_o who_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n disaduowed_a their_o body_n and_o bequeath_v they_o to_o death_n papirius_n cursor_n will_v not_o have_v yield_v to_o he_o with_o that_o strength_n of_o body_n and_o courage_n that_o be_v in_o he_o and_o that_o i_o may_v not_o stand_v to_o name_v every_o one_o this_o senate_n account_v to_o consist_v of_o king_n will_v not_o have_v suffer_v itself_o to_o be_v supplant_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o a_o young_a man_n and_o he_o that_o so_o esteem_v it_o comprehend_v the_o true_a form_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n but_o peradventure_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o he_o will_v have_v pitch_v his_o camp_n better_o than_o any_o of_o those_o who_o i_o have_v name_v convoy_v his_o victual_n conduct_v his_o carriage_n keep_v himself_o from_o ambush_n choose_v the_o time_n of_o fight_n arange_v the_o battle_n and_o assure_v himself_o of_o succour_n but_o he_o shall_v no_o more_o have_v say_v that_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o darius_n accompany_v with_o woman_n and_o eunuch_n arm_v between_o purple_a and_o gold_n effeminate_a and_o weaken_a by_o the_o pomp_n of_o his_o fortune_n rather_o a_o pray_v then_o a_o enemy_n who_o he_o overcome_v without_o bloodshed_n happy_a in_o this_o that_o he_o dare_v to_o so_o good_a purpose_n despise_v such_o vanity_n he_o shall_v have_v find_v italy_n much_o different_a from_o india_n through_o which_o he_o go_v banquet_v with_o his_o drunken_a army_n when_o he_o shall_v have_v here_o see_v the_o forest_n of_o apulia_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o leucania_n and_o the_o trace_n or_o footestepp_n of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o his_o ancestor_n where_o his_o uncle_n alexander_n late_o king_n of_o epirus_n have_v be_v overcome_v we_o speak_v of_o alexander_n not_o yet_o plonge_v in_o prosperity_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o as_o insolent_a as_o ever_o do_v any_o prince_n who_o if_o he_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o state_n of_o his_o new_a fortune_n and_o by_o that_o new_a mind_n which_o he_o carry_v after_o his_o victory_n he_o have_v come_fw-mi into_o italy_n more_o resemble_v darius_n than_o alexander_n and_o have_v bring_v thither_o his_o host_n not_o remember_v macedonia_n any_o long_o and_o already_o degenerate_v into_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o persian_n it_o be_v grievous_a to_o i_o to_o recite_v iâ—â—o_o great_a a_o king_n the_o proud_a change_n of_o his_o garment_n and_o the_o desire_a flattery_n of_o those_o which_o cast_v themselves_o prostrate_a on_o the_o ground_n before_o he_o be_v not_o only_o â—â—k_v some_o to_o the_o vanquish_a but_o also_o even_o to_o the_o victorious_a macedonian_n and_o the_o shameful_a punishment_n and_o murder_n of_o his_o friend_n among_o his_o cup_n and_o the_o vanity_n of_o his_o suppose_a and_o feign_a race_n and_o if_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o he_o have_v become_v a_o great_a drunkard_n more_o â—â—uâ—l_a and_o more_o sudden_a in_o his_o anger_n which_o be_v undoubted_a thing_n among_o those_o that_o have_v write_v of_o he_o will_v not_o these_o viâ—â—s_n have_v much_o endamage_v and_o hinder_v the_o imperial_a virtue_n be_v that_o to_o be_v fear_v which_o some_o light_a person_n among_o the_o greek_n namely_o favour_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o parthian_n against_o the_o roman_a name_n have_v accustom_v to_o say_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n can_v never_o have_v sustain_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o name_n of_o alexander_n who_o i_o think_v be_v never_o know_v to_o they_o not_o so_o much_o as_o by_o â—ame_n against_o who_o some_o in_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n while_o they_o yet_o behold_v before_o their_o eye_n the_o smoke_a ruin_n of_o thebes_n supplant_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o macedonian_n dare_v in_o full_a assembly_n to_o speak_v free_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o writing_n of_o their_o orator_n will_v none_o among_o so_o many_o roman_a lord_n have_v speak_v free_o let_v his_o greatness_n be_v of_o so_o great_a reckon_n yet_o shall_v it_o be_v but_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o man_n get_v by_o the_o felicity_n of_o little_a more_o than_o ten_o year_n and_o they_o which_o extol_v he_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v not_o be_v overcome_v in_o any_o war_n yet_o have_v have_v the_o worst_a in_o sundry_a battle_n and_o that_o alexander_n have_v the_o better_a in_o all_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o they_o compare_v the_o act_n of_o one_o man_n be_v yet_o young_a with_o those_o of_o a_o people_n which_o have_v already_o war_v for_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hundred_o year_n do_v we_o then_o marvel_v if_o on_o this_o side_n be_v more_o age_n than_o year_n on_o the_o other_o that_o fortune_n have_v be_v more_o variable_a in_o this_o long_a space_n then_o in_o
they_o hold_v in_o most_o straight_a subjection_n all_o the_o people_n of_o egypt_n and_o of_o suria_n forbid_v they_o to_o have_v any_o weapon_n or_o to_o ride_v on_o horseback_n they_o be_v not_o above_o sixteen_o thousand_o but_o they_o entertain_v many_o servant_n under_o they_o and_o be_v man_n of_o great_a force_n and_o hardynesse_n they_o have_v not_o only_o tame_v many_o border_a nation_n and_o beat_v the_o arabian_n but_o also_o make_v many_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n envy_v their_o prosperity_n of_o who_o they_o remain_v often_o victorious_a and_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o vanquish_v by_o they_o but_o when_o as_o they_o be_v divide_v and_o bandded_a in_o partality_n selim_n the_o turk_n defeat_v they_o in_o two_o battle_n kill_v in_o the_o first_o the_o souldan_n samson_n who_o be_v go_v into_o suria_n with_o a_o army_n to_o help_v the_o sophi_n then_o prosecute_a his_o victory_n he_o go_v into_o egypt_n against_o he_o that_o be_v choose_v souldan_n in_o steed_n of_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a who_o he_o take_v and_o make_v he_o ignominious_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o a_o poor_a camel_n with_o his_o face_n backward_o all_o along_o the_o great_a street_n of_o cair_n and_o to_o be_v hang_v at_o the_o gate_n of_o that_o city_n double_v his_o power_n by_o the_o conquest_n of_o such_o a_o state_n much_o reverence_v by_o those_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o mahomet_n and_o redoubt_v because_o of_o the_o valyance_n of_o the_o mammeluc_n who_o be_v massacre_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o there_o name_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v there_o remain_v yet_o other_o great_a kingdom_n of_o this_o time_n as_o of_o narsingve_n in_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o presbyter_n john_n in_o africa_n call_v lacâ—gue_n &_o negus_n of_o the_o abysin_n be_v baptize_v and_o circumcise_a christian_n and_o of_o the_o moscovite_n in_o the_o north_n a_o christian_a also_o but_o after_o the_o greek_a manner_n the_o king_n of_o narsingue_n which_o be_v of_o the_o ancient_a religion_n of_o the_o brahmin_n yield_v to_o no_o king_n of_o the_o world_n in_o riches_n power_n and_o magnificence_n entertain_v forty_o thousand_o horseman_n of_o ordinary_a and_o four_o hundred_o elephant_n fit_a for_o war_n with_o infinite_a dromedary_n touch_v presbyter_n john_n he_o command_v over_o innumerable_a nation_n different_a in_o colour_n and_o have_v under_o he_o forty_o king_n tributary_n his_o land_n and_o seignory_n extend_v towards_o the_o west_n more_o than_o twenty_o day_n journey_n and_o he_o have_v gold_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o cave_n enough_o to_o buy_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o quantity_n be_v every_o day_n increase_v and_o multiply_v without_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o it_o in_o the_o spacious_a kingdom_n of_o ethiopia_n be_v so_o large_a never_o do_v the_o king_n son_n or_o brother_n move_v any_o sedition_n for_o the_o state_n nor_o defile_v their_o hand_n in_o one_o another_o blood_n but_o the_o line_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a be_v always_o conserve_v by_o rare_a hap_n and_o never_o yet_o communicate_v to_o any_o other_o kingdom_n whatsoever_o christian_n hebrew_n sarazen_n or_o pagan_a they_o say_v it_o be_v once_o reveal_v to_o one_o of_o their_o king_n in_o a_o dream_n that_o if_o he_o desire_v to_o have_v his_o kingdom_n long_o maintain_v in_o peace_n and_o unity_n he_o must_v lock_v up_o all_o his_o child_n which_o be_v a_o great_a number_n on_o a_o mountain_n and_o that_o he_o must_v keep_v only_o he_o that_o he_o will_v have_v to_o succeed_v in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o this_o custom_n remain_v eternal_o to_o his_o posterity_n as_o a_o thing_n ordain_v of_o the_o heaven_n otherwise_o that_o one_o part_n of_o ethiopia_n which_o be_v so_o large_a will_v come_v to_o revolt_v against_o the_o heir_n and_o put_v he_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n and_o of_o his_o state_n the_o king_n be_v awake_v be_v meruailous_o astonish_v with_o this_o novelty_n not_o know_v where_o he_o may_v find_v this_o mountain_n wherefore_o he_o have_v another_o vision_n reveal_v unto_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v mark_v through_o out_o all_o his_o country_n where_o he_o shall_v see_v goat_n on_o the_o top_n of_o rock_n so_o high_a that_o they_o seem_v ready_a to_o fâ—ll_v and_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n where_o he_o shall_v shut_v in_o his_o child_n which_o the_o king_n have_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o mountain_n be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o a_o marvellous_a height_n and_o greatness_n wherein_o the_o child_n of_o presbyter_n john_n be_v lock_v up_o and_o careful_o keep_v for_o there_o be_v no_o less_o pain_n to_o they_o that_o come_v out_o therehence_a or_o which_o draw_v therehence_a any_o of_o those_o that_o be_v shut_v up_o than_o death_n he_o only_o remain_v free_a that_o aught_o to_o reign_v by_o his_o birthright_n or_o which_o seem_v the_o most_o capable_a to_o succeed_v in_o that_o dignity_n those_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o do_v never_o come_v forth_o except_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o presbyter_n john_n depart_v without_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n for_o than_o they_o take_v out_o he_o that_o be_v next_o it_o who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v the_o worthy_a also_o the_o great_a knes_n or_o king_n of_o moscovie_n be_v a_o great_a land_a man_n in_o the_o north_n who_o dominion_n be_v about_o three_o month_n journey_n in_o compass_n of_o ground_n and_o he_o possess_v innumerable_a people_n nation_n province_n duchy_n principality_n and_o seignory_n which_o the_o emperor_n of_o moscovia_n have_v get_v one_o after_o another_o by_o arm_n or_o by_o other_o mean_v offer_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o wolodimeria_n novingorod_n plescovia_n smolenk_n tuner_n jugaria_n permia_n viakia_n belgaria_n the_o low_a novogorodia_n ceruigenia_n rozar_n volokde_v rezomia_fw-la rostomi_n cazan_n ostrakan_n and_o other_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o recite_v because_o of_o the_o rudeness_n of_o their_o name_n they_o say_v that_o of_o all_o his_o lordship_n there_o be_v 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the_o form_n place_v of_o the_o press_n and_o manner_n of_o use_v they_o of_o wet_v the_o paper_n lay_v on_o take_v off_o and_o dry_v the_o leaf_n then_o reduce_v they_o into_o volume_n review_v and_o correct_v of_o the_o impression_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o and_o whereby_o there_o be_v more_o dispatch_v in_o one_o day_n than_o many_o diligent_a writer_n can_v do_v in_o one_o year_n by_o reason_n hereof_o the_o book_n which_o before_o be_v rare_a and_o dear_a be_v now_o become_v more_o common_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v have_v for_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v miraculous_o invent_v to_o make_v learning_n and_o good_a letter_n to_o live_v again_o which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n dead_a the_o invention_n thereof_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o german_n and_o begin_v at_o mentz_n therehence_a it_o be_v carry_v to_o venice_n and_o afterwards_o spread_v over_o all_o christiandome_n and_o so_o bring_v unto_o his_o perfection_n by_o nicholas_n genson_n aldus_fw-la the_o junte_n 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first_o it_o be_v invent_v in_o germany_n by_o a_o blower_n in_o alchemy_n wherhence_o it_o have_v be_v transport_v over_o all_o the_o world_n &_o seem_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v bring_v almost_o to_o his_o perfection_n since_o the_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o discharge_v by_o voly_n many_o piece_n together_o which_o batter_v and_o beat_v down_o all_o place_n how_o strong_a soever_o they_o be_v in_o situation_n height_n or_o thickness_n of_o wall_n &_o rampire_n the_o canon_n at_o the_o first_o be_v call_v a_o bombard_n for_o the_o noise_n which_o it_o make_v and_o mortar_n which_o be_v of_o iron_n bind_v with_o many_o piece_n heavy_a and_o unweldie_a shoot_v huge_a bullet_n of_o stone_n with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o powder_n make_v of_o salt-peter_n sulphur_n and_o willow_n coal_n proportion_v the_o invention_n whereof_o have_v be_v no_o less_o admirable_a then_o of_o the_o canon_n itself_o after_o in_o steed_n of_o iron_n succeed_v brass_n whereof_o at_o first_o be_v make_v 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tormenta_fw-mi
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manner_n and_o science_n to_o know_v wherein_o it_o be_v superior_a or_o inferior_a or_o equal_a unto_o they_o beginning_n with_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o warfare_n of_o these_o day_n with_o the_o ancient_a greek_a and_o roman_a it_o be_v say_v that_o cyaxares_n king_n of_o the_o median_n be_v the_o first_o that_o distribute_v the_o man_n of_o war_n of_o asia_n into_o band_n squadron_n and_o company_n and_o ordain_v that_o the_o horseman_n and_o footman_n shall_v have_v their_o quarter_n apart_o and_o shall_v no_o more_o march_v confuse_o as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o roman_n account_v more_o of_o their_o infantry_n then_o of_o their_o cavalerie_n and_o sound_v on_o it_o all_o the_o design_n of_o their_o power_n divide_v their_o footman_n into_o those_o that_o be_v heavy_o and_o such_o as_o be_v light_o arm_v who_o they_o call_v velites_n under_o which_o word_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o as_o use_v sling_n dart_n and_o bow_n the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o as_o polybius_n say_v be_v arm_v with_o a_o cask_n and_o to_o cover_v themselves_o have_v a_o shield_n or_o target_n on_o their_o arm_n and_o fight_v without_o keep_v any_o rank_n or_o order_n a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o heaule_n or_o main_a army_n the_o man_n that_o be_v heavy_o arm_v have_v a_o salade_n which_o cover_v their_o head_n and_o come_v down_o as_o far_o as_o their_o shoulder_n there_o body_n be_v arm_v with_o cuirass_n which_o with_o the_o tase_n cover_v their_o thigh_n as_o far_o as_o their_o knee_n they_o have_v moreover_o their_o leg_n and_o their_o arm_n cover_v with_o greve_n and_o vantbrass_n and_o carry_v also_o a_o shield_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a which_o have_v a_o circle_n or_o plate_n of_o iron_n above_o to_o sustain_v the_o blow_n the_o better_a and_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o cleave_v and_o a_o other_o plate_n of_o iron_n underneath_o which_o keep_v the_o shield_n from_o be_v waste_v and_o wear_v with_o lean_v it_o on_o the_o 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wherein_o the_o late_a have_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o former_a namely_o in_o those_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o seek_v out_o and_o will_v never_o be_v find_v if_o we_o content_v ourselves_o with_o that_o which_o be_v already_o invent_v without_o add_v any_o thing_n thereunto_o by_o occasion_n whereof_o i_o will_v answer_v they_o henceforward_o which_o object_n that_o there_o be_v too_o many_o book_n certain_o if_o all_o that_o have_v be_v write_v by_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n historiographer_n orator_n poet_n physician_n divine_n and_o lawyer_n have_v come_v to_o our_o hand_n all_o have_v be_v full_a of_o book_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v have_v no_o other_o moveable_n in_o our_o house_n but_o book_n we_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o go_v sit_z and_o lie_v upon_o book_n and_o yet_o there_o remain_v so_o many_o and_o be_v make_v from_o day_n to_o day_n that_o the_o age_n of_o man_n can_v not_o suffice_v to_o read_v not_o only_o the_o writing_n in_o many_o discipline_n but_o in_o 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and_o easy_o make_v so_o they_o be_v eftsoon_o and_o incontinent_o lose_v some_o be_v leave_v off_o for_o the_o obscurity_n and_o to_o affect_a subtlety_n and_o barbarousnes_n which_o be_v in_o they_o other_o despise_v or_o neglect_v as_o unprofitable_a or_o consume_v by_o length_n of_o time_n or_o destroy_v by_o war_n change_n of_o tongue_n and_o of_o religion_n or_o by_o be_v evil_a write_v and_o copy_v out_o or_o corrupt_v &_o deprave_a in_o other_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o tedious_a repetition_n by_o change_v the_o order_n and_o the_o word_n pliny_n a_o man_n of_o great_a read_n say_v that_o in_o confer_v and_o compare_v of_o author_n he_o have_v find_v the_o old_a write_v out_o word_n for_o word_n by_o those_o that_o be_v next_o after_o they_o conceal_v their_o name_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v in_o their_o theft_n then_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o debt_n those_o which_o be_v respect_v here_o as_o holy_a be_v burn_v elsewhere_o as_o abomination_n the_o affect_v to_o some_o certain_a sect_n religion_n or_o profession_n be_v red_a only_o by_o people_n of_o the_o same_o sect_n religion_n and_o profession_n the_o poem_n oration_n epistle_n chronicle_n history_n comedy_n and_o tragedy_n be_v not_o look_v on_o but_o by_o such_o as_o understand_v the_o tongue_n wherein_o they_o be_v write_v &_o out_o of_o it_o they_o common_o lose_v their_o grace_n there_o be_v not_o any_o which_o please_v and_o satisfy_v all_o people_n or_o which_o be_v receive_v in_o all_o place_n except_o they_o be_v advise_o make_v with_o great_a judgement_n &_o profound_a learning_n by_o a_o singular_a grace_n of_o god_n and_o a_o rare_a goodness_n of_o nature_n resist_v against_o envious_a old_a age_n &_o warrant_v themselves_o from_o the_o silence_n of_o oblivion_n such_o as_o seem_v to_o be_v those_o of_o plato_n aristotle_n hypocrates_n &_o ptolomey_n who_o not_o content_a with_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n and_o shadow_n of_o opinion_n have_v seek_v the_o truth_n direct_o &_o have_v therefore_o escape_v the_o injury_n of_o time_n of_o fire_n of_o water_n &_o of_o war_n among_o so_o many_o nation_n &_o contrary_a sect_n translate_v into_o diverse_a language_n yet_o keep_v still_o the_o same_o grace_n as_o when_o they_o be_v new_o make_v for_o as_o time_n abolish_v the_o opinion_n that_o be_v not_o well_o ground_v so_o it_o also_o confirm_v the_o infallible_a judgement_n of_o a_o wise_a &_o understand_a nature_n augment_v always_o the_o reputation_n of_o those_o writer_n which_o have_v best_a observe_v &_o understand_v it_o the_o judgement_n of_o time_n discover_v in_o the_o end_n the_o secret_a fault_n of_o all_o thing_n who_o be_v the_o father_n of_o truth_n and_o a_o judge_v void_a of_o passion_n have_v always_o accustom_v to_o give_v a_o just_a sentence_n of_o the_o life_n or_o death_n of_o writing_n but_o see_v that_o the_o art_n &_o
because_o it_o be_v needful_a for_o they_o to_o remove_v their_o cat-tail_n from_o place_n to_o place_n for_o pasture_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o follow_v exercise_v as_o it_o be_v a_o lively_a kind_n of_o husbandry_n some_o live_v on_o hunt_v in_o diverse_a sort_n as_o some_o on_o their_o prey_n other_o on_o fish_v as_o they_o which_o live_v near_o unto_o lake_n pond_n and_o river_n and_o such_o as_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n other_o on_o bird_n and_o wild_a beast_n which_o inhabit_v near_o unto_o the_o wood_n the_o poor_a throughout_o the_o wide_a forest_n and_o high_a mountain_n live_v on_o root_n acorn_n and_o wildfruit_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n live_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o such_o fruit_n as_o they_o find_v at_o home_n so_o that_o the_o manner_n of_o live_v use_v among_o they_o be_v pasturage_n tillage_n hunt_v hawk_v fish_v and_o foul_n other_o by_o mingle_v of_o these_o do_v live_v better_a at_o ease_n help_v their_o life_n which_o have_v 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