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A54288 New instructions to the guardian shewing that the last remedy to prevent the ruin, advance the interest, and recover the honour of this nation is I. a more serious and strict education of the nobility and gentry, II. to breed up all their younger sons to some calling and employment, III. more of them to holy orders, with a method of institution from three years of age to twenty one. Penton, Stephen, 1639-1706. 1694 (1694) Wing P1440; ESTC R5509 42,499 186

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is not this a much more reputable disposition in a Nation than to feed an heedless humour of Wasting And instead of true and solid Honour which nothing but Wisdom and Vertue hath any Title to vain-gloriously to aim at Popularity and sacrifice an Estate to purchase the Admiration of the Rabble but the Hatred of all who are Good and Contempt of all who are Wise Care therefore in time should be taken in the Education of Youth to prevent this Temper 1. It seldom goes alone it is seen in very had Company most times and the Vices which attend it are none of the cheapest 2. It brings the Honour and Credit of a Family into great suspicion of Danger and leaves Younger Children too much at the Mercy of the Eldest Brother's Vertue 3. It makes the Man despised by those who feed most upon his Looseness He that Cheats you though he be Damn'd for it laughs at you When a Person of Quality lands at Calice and the People flock about and cry out Here comes Money it seems a greater Complement to the plenty of our Nation than to the wisdom of the Travellers 4. A Prodigal Temper makes a Man less able to bear any Calamitous Change of his Condition which by Providence or secular Casualties may befall him He hath been too Free of the Money which should have been laid up to prevent Necessity and of the Wisdom which should support it Therefore when a Child is carefully taught good sentiments of Justice and Charity which is the greatest piece of Justice in the World let him be taught to live as savingly as may comport with Decency and the circumstances of his Condition Prudence will go a great way in keeping a Man from being Base or Mad. And now least the Reader should think I am setting up for Vsury I must declare that I am no greater friend to the sin of Covetousness than I am to Idolatry the Root of all Evil and E●●●ity with God 〈◊〉 and where 〈…〉 Prodigality meet for such a Monster now and then to Born When a Man shall spend a Thousand Pound for Vain-Glory and at the same time break the Laws of God and Man to get one Groat I am so far from favouring him that I think in the worst sence of the word Reprobate without fear of mistake he may put himself down for one There are a great many more Cautions in the Education of young Gentlemen as to Morality which might come in here but I mention this in particular as being big with most inconveniencies and being very catching as soon as a Child thinks himself something Now to prevent the other many ill Habits in Youth was the subject of a late Book called the Guardian 's Instruction the design of which appears in the Preface before it and the Index in the end The Vsefulness of which to that end is Explained and Improved in the Second Part of this Book which is a Method to teach a Child from three years of age to twenty one c. For the use of Gentlemen who have Wit enough to be Advised and know how to be Civil to their own Interest that is who are wise enough to consider that there is an Arch-Bishoprick a Lord-Chancellorship and a Lord-Chief-Justice-ship in the Kingdom worth studying for of which more in another place And I must here rid my self of some Thoughts which have often run in mine Head that whatever be the Occasion certainly Foolish is the conceit That Law Physick or Divinity is beneath the Son of a Person of Quality though the Fourth Fifth or Sixth Son It were worth the while to shew the reasons of it I cannot be so hard-hearted to the Gentry and Nobility as to think that this Humour always proceeds from Pride But I rather imagine that it proceeds from an Aversion to the confinement of a Profession in the Children themselves occasioned by an Vnwary promiscuous way of their Education which I have touched upon in the forementioned Book Pag. 35. Guardian 's Instructions I will exemplify this in a Case A Person of Quality worth several Thousands a year hath four or five Sons but the Eldest is to carry the Estate and Title upon the decease of the Father nay perhaps beforehand is to be Master of a good share and the Younger Children to depend on the Father's Prudence for a moderate Provision In the mean time they are all bred up in one Common manner enjoy the same Fondness wear the same Clothes go to the same School Hunt and Hawk at the same Idle rate This must needs plump up the sensual Soul of the Youth make him reckon himself as good as his eldest Brother and of as good parts too never considering that the other is to be Wiser by Five Thousand Pounds a year How will such a Child be able to bear the Vngrateful Distinction which must shortly be made The eldest Son must be taken from School Treated like a Man Habited for Quality and have a Man and an half to wait upon him and a brace of Geldings and after he hath slam'd for a year or two in the University retire to be setled in the Country and share the Greatness of his Father Now in the sight of all this who shall undertake to perswade the other Children to go up to Oxford and live thriftily there and study hard to make out their Fortunes by some Calling The Quality of their Birth and Gaity of their Brother will still be running in their Minds this will breed Discontent Discontent will make them Idle and Idleness will make them even what they please It may perhaps be objected that this distinction in Education of Elder and Younger Sons may be apt to beget Pride in the one and to discourage the other As for the first a Sober and Pious education may prevent that and as for the second the younger Children ought to be discouraged from thinking too well of themselves They must be told and be taught the difference of their Relation to the Patrimony and that more knowledge and learning will vie with what they Envy in their elder Brother and that Industry in an honourable Profession may entitle them to as comfortable if not as great a Fortune And having mentioned the undertaking a Profession I cannot think but the study of Divinity a very Genteel and Agreeable employment to exercise the Talent of a young Person of Quality There is one Melancholy Objection which I am afraid makes so few of them undertake it They see the dignified Clergy Envied and the inferior Clergy treated with Contempt and Hardships in many places by the great Enemies of Religion and the Church I have not room here to give an Answer but the Function shall have Justice done it and the Clergy be Vindicated from its Enemies whom Malice Atheism or Pride Avarice or Dissension make so In the mean time because it is not impossible but some Gentleman or other of Parts and Learning may be