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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

of them vse to haue and weare a coyfe made of a thicke Beares skin for the defence of their heades ye shall note that the elders in times past vsed as the wilde men doe to fight with their fistes spurne with their fete to bite with their téeth to pull one another by the hayre with such like And since they vsed stones in their fight the which they threw one at another as it appeareth in the holy Byble Furthermore Heroditus in his firste booke speaking of certayne people that fought with Staues and Clubs saith that the Virgins of that countrey had a custome to fight euery yeare with stones and Staues one agaynst the other in honor of the Goddesse Minerua on that day that was celebrated to hir Also Diodorus in his firste booke sayeth that clubs and Lyōs skins were good for Hercules to fight with for before that tyme other Armors was not vsed Who so euer will reade Plutarchus Iustinus and other Authors shall finde that the Ancient Romaynes did fight naked the men of Thebes and the Lacedemonians did reuenge themselues of their enimies with Staues clubs of woode And ye shall note that the people were then as hardy as they are at this day and yet they were naked hauing no more clothing thā the Canadians haue of their skins and they are also destitute and know not the feats policies of warre with the which these Canadians can shifte and helpe themselues Wel these people of Canada do not with their enimies as the Americans do the which eate them but that which is much more tolerable but if that they take any of their enimies or otherwise remayn victors they pull the skin quite ouer their eares and then drie it and so they carrie it into their countrey shewing it with greate glorie to their wiues friends and olde people which for age cannot go to the warres in signe of victorie To conclude they are not so prone to make warre as those people of Perou and Bressill peraduēture bicause of the difficultie that the frost and snow causeth with inconueniences that they haue in those partes Of Mynes precious Stones and other secretes that are founde in Canada Cap. 80. THe land and countrey of Canada is faire and vnder a good clymate and very good of it self excepting the vntemperatnesse of the ayre the whiche doeth hurte it as ye may easily coniecture it beareth many trées and fruites the which we knowe not with vs. Among the which there is one trée of the greatnesse and lyke to one of our greate nut trées that we haue the whiche hath remayned a greate tyme vnprofitable and not knowne vntill such tyme that one by chaunce cutte hym and then there ranne forth a Iuyce the whiche was founde to haue so good taste and as pleasant as the beste wine in Fraunce also it was so iudged by our men that then tasted thereof euen the Captayne with certayne Gentlemen of his company and at that tyme they gathered of the sayd Iuice aboue fiue or sixe pots ful Therfore iudge you if that the Canadians since that tyme haue not made great store thereof séeing that it is so good and excellent to drinke This trée in their language is called Cotton Also there is another almoste vncredible to those that haue not sene it There is founde in Canada many places and countreys that beare very good vynes euen of their owne nature growing out of the earth without mans labor bearing great quantitie of Grapes faire great and good for to eate but yet I know not whether that the wine be good or no. It is not to be doubted but that those that first did discouer this land foūd these things very strange In this countrey is goodly hils and valeys and in these hye hills and mountaynes be founde certayne stones being in weight and colour like a golde mine but whē it was tried it was found good for it brake turned into ashes It is not vnpossible but that in those places may be founde mynes as good and as perfect as those of Perou if that the grounde were vndermyned As touching mynes of Iron and Brasse there are store Moreouer there are stones made and fashioned lyke to a Diamond whereof there are some in the valleys and others in the hills They whiche firste founde them thought to haue bene made rich for euer thinking that they were perfect Diamonds wherof they brought home a greate number And from thence came this prouerbe or common worde it is a Dyamond of Canada it is lyke to the Diamonds of Calicut and of the Easte Indies Some say that these Diamonds are a kind of fine Cristall of the which I can giue no other conclusion but to say as Plinie sayeth that Cristall procedeth of Snow and water that is excedingly frosen therefore in those places that are subiect to frost and snow it may be made that some parte thereof by processe of tyme conuerteth and turneth lyke to Cristall Solon thinketh this opinion to be false that Cristall shoulde not engender of snowe for if it were so it shoulde be founde onely in colde places as in Canada and in other colde countreys but the experience sheweth the contrarie as appereth in the Iland of Cypris Rhodes and in many places of Egypt and of Graecia as I my self haue sene when I was there that there was founde and is founde at this present great plenty of Cristall by the whiche argument we may iudge that Crystall commeth not of frosen water considering that in those countreys of whiche we speake the heate is more vehement yea without comparison than in Canada whiche countrey as afflicted with continuall colde Diodorus sayth that Crystall is engendred of pure water and not frosen together by colde but rather dryed by vehement heate Notwithstanding the Cristall of Canada is more resplendent and more finer than that of Cypris and other places In times past the Emperours of Rome did greatly esteme fine Crystall and therewith caused their vessels to be made wherein they did eate Others made therewith similitudes the whiche they kept closed in their closets and treasuries Lykewise the Kings of Egypte in those dares when the great Citie of Thebes flourished dyd beautifie their sepulters with fine Crystall the which was brought from Armenia the greate and from the coaste of Siria and of Crystal was the pictures and images of Kings made to their lykenesse for to remayne as they thought and to be in perpetuall memorie By this ye may sée how much Cristall hath ben estemed and to what vse it was employed And now a dayes it is bestowed to make cups vessels a thing greatly estemed if that it were not so weake To conclude in Canada is founde great store of Iasper stone and Cassidonies Of Earthquakes and hayles to the which this countrey of Canada is very subiect Cap. 81. THis Region of Canada

hir giftes by particular properties truely worthy to be maruelled at the which she hath giuen to euery liuing beast There is not one found that excéedeth this birde commonly séene in America named of the wilde men Carinde decked with so pleasant and faire fethers that it is not possible for no man but to wonder at the like worke This birde excéedeth not the greatnesse of a Crowe and his fethers from the belly to the throte is as yellow as fine gold y e wings and the taile which are very long are of the coloure of fine Azure To the likenesse of this bird there is another founde of his greatnesse but differing in coloure for in stead of hauing the brest fethers yellow this hathe them as red as pure scarlet coloure and the rest Azure These birds are a kinde of Parats and of like forme as well in head and bil as in féete The wilde men of the Countrey sell them déere for that thrée or foure times a yeare they plucke their fethers for to make hats garnishe bucklers swordes of woodde and other things requisite the which they doe commonly The saide birdes are so priuie that all the day they will sit vpon the trées rounde about the wilde mennes lodgings And when the night commeth these birdes withdrawe them some into the houses and some into the Woodes but they faile not to retourne the next morowe euen as our priuie or tame Doues or Pigeons that will neastle in houses They haue diuers other kindes of Popengayes differing in Fethers the one from the other There is one kinde more gréener than those that are brought into oure Countrey the which they name Aiouroub others hauing on their heades blewe fethers others all gréene the which the wilde men doe name Marganas there are none found gray as in Ginney and in high Affrica The Americanes kéepe all these birdes in their lodgings but they are not taught to speake as they are with vs I meane being made priuie when they are yong according to the custome of our elders as Plinie sheweth in the tenth booke of his naturall Historie speaking of birds where he affirmeth that Strabo was the first that put birds into Cages the which before had libertie to goe and come The women in like maner nourishe some the which they sette suche store by that they call them their friends Furthermore our Americanes doe learne these birdes in their language to aske for meale made of rootes But they teache them most commonly to say and profer that they must goe a warfare against their enimies for to take them and for to eate them and other things They will for no good giue them fruite to eate neither great nor little for they say that it engendreth a worme that pierceth their heart There is a multitude of other Popengayes that are in the wooddes of the which they kill a great many with their arowes for to eate and they make their nests in the toppes of trées for feare of stinging beastes The time hathe bene that these birdes were not knowne to the auncient Romaines and other Countreis of Europe but euen since as some doe witnesse that Alexander the great sent his lieuetenaunt Onesecriteus into the Iland of Tabroba who brought from thence a certaine number and since they multiplied so wel as well in the East countrey as in Italie and chiefly at Rome as Columella sayeth in his thirde booke of the sayings of the elders that Marcus Portius Cato of whome the life and Doctrine was an example to all Rome as he felte him selfe slaundered sayd on a day to the Senate O Fathers ouerseene O vvicked Rome I knovv not I to vvhat dayes vve are falne seing that I see in Rome such dissolute liuing that is for men to beare Popengayes on their handes and to see the vvomen norishe in their deliciousnesse little dogges Well let vs returne to our birdes that are founde there of an other kinde and more straunger as that birde named Toucan of the which we haue before spoken all differing from the coloure of those of oure Himisperie as may be knowne by these before rehearsed and of many others of which I haue brought home the bodyes garnished with fethers some yellow red gréene purple Azure and of many other colours the which wer presented to the king as singular things that was neuer séene with vs in our realme There resteth now to describe and set forthe certaine other kinde of birdes being rare and straunge Among the which there is found one kind of the like greatnesse and colour as litle crowes sauing that before their breast they haue a spot as red as bloud they are named Panon his bil colored like ashes which bird liueth with no other thing then w c a kinde of Palme named Ierahuua there are another kinde found like to oure Merlions as redde as Dragons bloud the which in their language they name Quiapian there are another kinde of the greatnesse of a litle Munkey a birde so named the which is all blacke liuing after a straunge maner When he is ful with Ants and another little worme that he eateth he wil flie to some little trée and there wil flutter from one braunch to another without ceasing the wilde men name it Annon Among al the rest of the birdes that are there to be séene there is found another kinde that the wilde men will not by no meanes kill nor hurt this birde hath hir voyce very pitifull and these poore men say that hir song causeth them to remēber their friends that be dead thinking that this birde is sent by them bringing to them good happe and fortune and naughty lucke to their enimies This bird is no bigger than a stocke Doue being coloured like to ashes and liuing with a kinde of fruit of a trée that they name Hiuourahe I will not yet forget another birde named Gouanbuch the which is no bigger than a great Flie the which for all that it is little is so faire to sée too that it is vnpossible to sée a fairer his bill is somewhat long and slender and his coloure grayishe and althoughe to my iudgement it is the least birde liuing vnder the skye neuerthelesse it singeth very well and pleasant to heare I omit héere the water birdes as well of the freshe water as of the salte which are all variable to those that are in our Countrey as well in proportion of body as diuersitie of fethers I doubt not Reader but those that haue written of the kindes and properties of Birdes will finde these things very straunge that I haue rehearsed but without shame it may be reputed to their ignorance being ignorant of these Weast partes and also the small knowledge that they had of strange things This therefore shal suffice thée which I haue truely gathered of the strange birdes that are in America or Fraunce Antartike for the tyme that we dyd there

and others but Ptolome did since inuente degrées for to measure bothe the Sea and the land which before was not a lyke measured and this is much more easy It is then Ptolome that hath compassed the whole worlde by Degrées as wel in length as in bredth finding 360. Leagues and in euery degrée .17 Leagues a half as I vnderstande of our Pilots that are expert in Nauigation So that the whole world hauing the Firmament and the Elementes in his conference contayneth .360 degrées equally by twelue signes whereof euery one hath 30. degrées for .12 tymes .30 make iust .360 A degrée contayneth .60 minutes a minut .60 thirdes a thirde .60 fourthes a fourth .60 fifthes vnto .60 tenthes For the proportions of the firmament may be parted in so many partes as we haue sayde Then by the degrées we find the longitude latitude and distance of places the latitude from the line to our Pole whereas there is .90 degrées and so much beyonde the longitude is taken from the fortunate Ilands to the Easte Wherefore I saye to conclude that the Pilot that woulde sayle ought to consider thre things the firste in what hight of degrées he findeth himselfe and in what hight the place is that he will goe to secondly the place where he findeth himselfe and the place whether he hopeth to goe that is to know what distance and length there is from one coaste to another Thirdly to knowe what winde or windes wil serue for Nauigation all the whiche he may knowe and sée by his compasse and other Instrumentes of the Sea Folowing alwayes our course sixe degrées at this side our lyne kéeping the Caape on the North of vs vntill the .15 day of Aprill at which tyme we knewe the Sunne to be directly vnder our Zenith the which was not without enduring great heat as ye may wel thinke if ye consider the heat y t is hetherwarde the Sunne being in Cancer whiche is far from our Zenith to vs that inhabit in Europe Nowe afore going any farther I wil speake of certayne flying fishes that I left out when I spake of fishes vnder the lyne It is therefore to be noted that vnder the lyne ten degrées on this side and beyonde there is founde aboundance of flying fish that flyeth hye in the ayre being folowed of another fish that woulde deuoure him So that by the quantitie of him that flyeth ye may easily coniecture the quantitie of the other lyuing by praye Among the which the Dorade of whom we haue before shewed doeth folowe hym aboue all others for that his flesh is very delicate and tender of the which also there are two kinds the one is lyke a herring the which is that which is so chased of others this fish hath foure wings two great ones lyke vnto the wings of a bat and two other little ones néere to the tayle the other is made lyke a Lampron of the which kindes there are fewe found but onely .15 degrées on this side and beyonde the lyne the which to my iudgement is the cause that those that haue set out bookes of fishes haue left them out beside many others The Americans name this fish Pirauena he flieth lyke a Partrige and the little one flyeth much better and higher than the other and sometymes they are so néere chased and folowed specially by night that many tymes they strike againste the ship sayles by heapes and there remayne There is another fish which is called by them Albacore much more greater than the Porpas the which is also a deuourer of the flying fish as wel as the Dorade and he is very good and excellent to eate aboue all other fishes in the sea as well of the Weast as of the Easte He is vneasy to be gotten and therefore they make a counterfet fish of white linnen the which they make to spring aboue water as doeth the flying fish and by this meanes he is most commonly taken Of Perou and of the principal places contayned in the same Cap. 70. NOw kéeping our course hauing the wind very faire we coasted the lande of Perou and the Ilandes being on the coaste of the Weast Sea called the Ilandes of Perou euen to the heigth of the Spanish Ilande of the which we will speake hereafter particularly This countrey as we haue deuided it is one of the thrée partes of the Weaste Indies hauing in length .700 Leagues taking from the North to the South and in bredth .100 Leagues from the Easte to the Weaste being a firme lande from Themestitan passing the straight of Daryen betwene the West and the sea which they name pacifik and it was so named of a Riuer called Perou which is in bredth about a little league as many other prouinces in Africa Asia and Europe haue takē their names of their most famous Riuers as also we haue shewed of Senega This Region is then inclosed with the Weast and the South Sea garnished with thicke forestes and mountaynes the which make the countrey in many places vnaccessible so that we cannot there driue our Cartes and Horses loden there as we do héere In this countrey of Perou there is many faire prouinces among the which the most chiefest towardes the North is Quito the which extendeth in length from the Easte to the Weast aboute 60. Leagues and in bredth .30 Next to Quito is the prouince of the Canaries hauing towardes the Easte the Riuer of Amazones with many mountaynes and hills and inhabited with a Barbarous and wilde people not yet conuerted besides this there is the prouince that the Spaniards haue named S. Iames of olde port beginning within a degrée beyond ▪ the lyne Equinoctiall The fourth which they call in their language Taxamilca extendeth to the greate Citie of Tongilla the which after that their King Atabalyba was poysoned Pizare seing the fruitfull commodities of the countrey caused there to be edified a Town and a Castel There is yet another named Cuzco in the which the Iugies haue long tyme raygned being a people so named whiche haue bene in tymes past mighty Lords And this worde Iugies is as much to say as Kings And in their time their Kingdome limits was so greate and large that it contayned aboue a .1000 Leagues from one end to another Also this countrey beareth the name of the chiefest Citie as doeth Rhodes Metelin Candia other countreys taking their names of the most renomed Townes and Cities as I haue shewed Furthermore being on a tyme at Caape Finistra in Spayne a Spaniarde shewed me that in this countrey of Cuzco there is founde a people that haue their eares hanging downe to their shoulders hauing hanging on their eares greate pieces of fine and pure shining Golde well pollished and better than any other Golde in Perou to whose wordes I will sooner giue credit than to many Historiographers in these daies that writ by heare say reporting to vs

aire and so letteth it fall and breaketh it for to get the fishe out this Egle maketh hir nest in great hie trées by the sea side Also in this Countrey there is many faire riuers and a multitude of good fishe This people prepareth for nothing but that which is néedefull to sustaine nature so that they are not curious in meates for they goe not to séeke any thing in farre Countreys and yet their nourishment is healthsome and therefore they know not what sicknesse meanes but they liue in peace and in continuall health so that they haue no occasion to conceiue enuie one against an other bicause of their goods and patrimonie for they are in a maner all equall in goodes and riches being in one mutuall contentation and equalnesse in pouerty Also they haue no place ordained for to minister iustice for bicause that among them they do nothing worthy of reprehension They haue no lawes no more than the worthy Americanes other people but only the law of nature The people that dwell toward the sea as I haue shewed liue with fish and others that are farre from the sea are content with fruits of the earth that commeth forth the most part without labour of mannes hands and after this sorte liued the people in the first age as Plinie witnesseth also we sée in our dayes how the earth bringeth forth fruit without labor Virgill sheweth that the Forest Dodana began to die bicause of his age or else for bicause that it could not satisfie the multitude of people that then did multiply and therefore they began to labor and till the earth for to receiue the fruits therof for the sustainmēt of their liues so that they began husbādry Moreouer these people make not warre vnlesse that their enimies come to séeke them then they put them al to defence like to the Canadians their instruments that giue men corage to fight are beastes skinnes spread in maner of a circle which serueth them in steade of drummes with fluites of bones of Déere like to the Canadians if that they perceiue their enimies a farre of they will prepare to fight with their armors and weapōs which are bowes and arrowes And before y t they enter into battell their principall guide the which they honour as a King shal goe the first being armed with faire skins and fethers sitting on the shoulders of two mighty men to the ende that euery one should sée him and know him also to be ready to obey him what so euer he shall commaund And when they obtaine victory he shall lacke no honor so they returne ioyfull to their houses with their banners displayed which are braunches of trées garnished with fethers of swannes wauering in the aire and bearing the skin of the face of their enimies spred in litle circles in token of victorie Of the Ilands of Essores Cap. 83. THere resteth now nothing of all our voyage but to speake of certain Ilands that they call Essores which we coasted on the right hand not without great dāger of shipwracke For .iij. or .iiij. degrées beyond and on this side there bloweth alwayes a winde so cold contagious that for this respect it is feared of the Pilots Nauigants as the most dangerous place that is in the voyage be it to goe either to the Indies or to America by this ye may know y t the Sea in those parts are neuer calme but alwayes rough growne as we sée many times the winde to blow vp the dust into the aire the which we cal a tempest or fowle weather which is as well vpon y e land as on the sea for in the one and the other it riseth like a poynt of fire that raiseth the water of a heigthe when it plaweth or boileth as I haue many times sene And therfore it séemeth that the wind hath a mouing vpward like a whirle wind of which I haue spoken in an other place For this cause these Ilands wer so named bicause of the great Essor that causeth this winde in the said Ilands for Essores is as much to say to dry or to wipe cleane These Ilands are distant from Fraunce about .x. degrées and a halfe and they are .ix. in nūber of which the best of them are inhabited with Christians Portingalles whether as they did send many slaues for to laboure the ground the which by their great paine and diligence they haue made fruitfull with all good fruits necessary for mannes sustenaunce chiefly with wheat the which groweth there so plentifully that therewith all the land of Portingall is furnished The which they transport in their ships with many good fruits as well naturally of the Countrey as other where but there is one amongst others named Hyrcy the plant wherof was brought from the Indies for there was none thereof found before euen as in the Canaries Likewise in our Europe before they began to labor the earth to plant and to sowe diuers kinds of fruits men were contented onely with that the earth brought forthe of his nature hauing then to drinke nothing but cléere water and for their clothing the barks and leaues of trées with certaine skins of beastes as we haue already shewed In the which we may cléerely sée a wonderful prouidence of our God the which hath placed in the sea great quantitie of Ilands bothe little and great which doeth abide and sustaine the brunt of the waues of the sea that goeth not beyonde their compasse or limits neither hurteth the inhabitaunts for the Lord as the Prophet sayth hath appoynted his limits the which he doeth not ouerpasse Of these Ilands some are inhabited that before were desert and many are forsaken that in times past were inhabited and peopled as we sée hath hapned to many Cities and Townes of the Empire of Greece Trapezande and Egipt such is the ordinance of God that things héere in earth shall not be perdurable but subiect to chaunging The which being considered of our Cosmographers in our dayes they haue added to the Tables of Ptolomeus newe matters of our time for since y e time and knowledge that he hath written there hath happened many newe things Now these Ilands of Essores were desert before that the Portingalls knew them Neuerthelesse they were full of woods of all sorts among the which is founde a kynd of Ceder named in their speach Orcantine with the which they make fyne karued works as tables cofers and many vessels for the Sea This wood hath a very good smel and wil not rot neither be worme eaten be it dry or wette as other wood wil. Of the which also Plinie speaketh that in his time was found at Rome in an old Sepulcher certaine bookes of Philosophy betwene two stones within a lyttle chest made of Ceader wood the which had ben vnder the grounde aboue fyue hundreth yeares Furthermore I remember that I haue read in times