to be confronted therevvith as he seeth cause For the continuation thereof I vsed the like order in suche copies and notes as Maister VVolfe in his life time procured me sauing that in these laste yeares I haue inserted some notes as concerned matters of vvarre betvvixte vs and the Scottes bicause I gotte them not till that parte of the English Historie vvas paste the presse For Irelande I haue shevved in mine Epistle Dedicatorie in vvhat sorte and by vvhat helpes I haue proceeded therein onely this I forgotte to signifie that Giraldus Cambrensis and Flatsbury I had not till that parte of the Booke vvas vnder the presse and so being constreyned to make poste haste coulde not exemplifie out of them all that I vvished neither yet dispose it so orderly as had bene conuenient nor penne it vvith so apte vvordes as might satisfie either my selfe or those to vvhose vevve it is novv like to come And by reason of the like haste made in the Impression vvhere I vvas determined to haue transposed the moste parte of that vvhiche in the Englishe Historie I had noted concerning the Conqueste of Irelande by Henry the seconde out of Houeden and others I had not time thereto and so haue lefte it there remayning vvhere I firste noted it before I determined to make any particular collection of the Irishe Histories bicause the same commeth there vvell inough in place as to those that shall vouchsafe to turne the Booke it may appeare For the computation of the yeares of the vvorlde I hadde by Maister VVoulfes aduise follovved Functius but after his deceasse Maister VVilliam Harison made mee partaker of a Chronologie vvhiche hee had gathered and compiled vvith moste exquisite diligence follovvyng Gerardus Mercator and other late Chronologers and his ovvne obseruations according to the vvhiche I haue reformed the same As for the yeares of our Lorde and the Kings I haue sette them dovvne accordyng to suche Authours as seeme to bee of beste credite in that behalfe as I doubte not but to the learned and skilfull in Histories it shal appeare ▪ Moreouer this the Reader hath to consider that I do beginne the yeare at the natiuitie of our Lorde vvhiche is the surest order in my fantasie that can bee follovved For the names of persons tovvnes and places as I haue bene diligent to reforme the errours of other vvhich are to be ascribed more to the imperfect copies thā to the Authours so may it be that I haue somevvhere committed the like faultes either by negligence or vvant of skill to restore them to their full integritie as I vvished but vvhat I haue performed asvvell in that behalfe as others the skilful Reader shall easily perceyue and vvithal cōsider I trust vvhat trauel I haue bestovved to his behofe in these tvvo volumes crauing onely that in recompence thereof he vvill iudge the best and to make a frendly cōstruction of my meanings vvhere ought may seeme to haue escaped either my penne or the Printers presse othervvise than vve could haue vvished for his better satisfaction Many things being taken out as they lie in Authours may be thought to giue offence in time present vvhiche referred to the time past vvhen the Authour vvritte are not onely tollerable but also allovvable Therefore good Reader I beseech thee to vvay the causes and circumstances of such faultes and imperfections and consider that the like may creepe into a far lesse volume than this and shevv me so much fauour as hath bene shevved to others in like causes and sithēce I haue done my good vvil accept the same as I vvith a free and thākful minde do offer it thee so shall I thinke my labour vvell bestovved For the other Histories vvhiche are already collected if it please God to giue abilitie shall in time come to light vvith some such briefe descriptions of the forreyn regions vvhereof they treate as may the better suffise to the Readers contentation and vnderstanding of the maters conteyned in the same Histories reduced into abridgements out of their great volumes And thus I ceasse further to trouble thy pacience vvishing to thee gentle Reader so much profite as by reading may be had and as great cōfort as Goddes holy spirite may endue thee vvith FINIS ¶ The names of the Authours from whome this Historie of England is collected A. AElius Spartianus Aelius Lampridius Asserius Meneuensis Alfridus Beuerlacensis Aeneas Siluius Senensis Auentinus Adam Merimowth with additions Antoninus Archiepiscopus Florentinus Albertus Crantz Alexander Neuill Arnoldus Ferronius Annius Viterbiensis Amianus Marcellinus Alliances genealogiques des Roys Princes de France Annales D Aquitaine per Iean Bouchet Annales de Bourgoigne per Guilaume Paradin Annales de France per Nicol Giles Annales rerum Flandricarū per Iacobum Meir Antonius Sabellicus Antonius Nebricensis Aurea Historia B. BIblia Sacra Beda venerabilis Berosus Brian Tuke knight Blondus Forliuiensis Berdmondsey a Regester booke belonging to that house C. CAesars Commentaries Cornelius Tacitus Chronica Chronicarum Chronica de Dunstable a booke of Annales belōging to the Abbey there Chronicon Io. Tilij Chronica de Eyton an historie belonging to that colledge although compiled by some Northern-man as some suppose named Otherborne Chronicles of S. Albon Chronica de Abingdon a booke of Annales belongyng to that house Chronica de Teukesbury Claudianus Chronicon Genebrard Chroniques de Normandie Chroniques de Britaine Chronique de Flandres published by Denis Sauage Continuation de Historie Chronique de Flandres by the same Sauage Couper Cuspinianus Chronica Sancti Albani Caxtons Chronicles Carion with additions Crockesden a register booke belonging to a house of that name in Staffordshire D. DIodorus Siculus Dion Cassius Dominicus Marius Niger E. EDmerus Eusebius Eutropius Encomium Emmae an old Pamphlet written to hir conteyning much good matter for the vnderstanding of the state of this realme in hir time wherein hir prayse is not pretermitted and so hath obteyned by reason thereof that title Enguerant de Monstrellet Eulogium Edmond Campion F. FAbian Froissart Franciscus Tarapha Franciscus Petrarcha Flauius Vopiscus Siracusanus Floriacensis Vigorinensis G. GViciardini Francisco Guiciardini Ludouico Gildas Sapiens Galfridus Monemutensis aliàs Geffrey of Monmouth Giraldus Cambrensis Guilielmus Malmesburiensis Galfridus Vinsauf Guilielmus Nouoburgensis Guilielmus Thorne Gualterus Hemmingford aliàs Gisburnensis Geruasius Dorobernensis Geruasius Tilberiensis Guilielmus Gemeticensis de ducibus Normaniae Guilielmus Rishanger Guilielmus Lambert Georgius Lillie Guilamme Paradin H. HIginus Henricus Huntingtonensis Humfrey Lhuyd Henricus Leicestrensis Hector Boece Historie Daniou Histoira Ecclesiastica Magdeburgensis Henricus Mutius Historia quadripartita seu quadrilogium Hardings Chronicle Halles Chronicles Henricus Bradshaw Henricus Marleburgensis Herodianus I. IOhannes Bale Iohannes Leland Iacobus Philippus Bergomas Iulius Capitolinus Iulius Solinus Iohannes Pike with additions Iohannes Functius Iohn Price knight Iohannes Textor Iohannes Bodinus Iohannes Sleidan Iohannes Euersden a Monke of Bury Iohannes or rather Giouan villani a Florentine Iohannes Baptista
emptie their chanelles betwixte which two the pontificall sea of Bangor is scituate verye pleasantly and not farre of from the point Alode Into Elwy runneth the Alode descending from Lhin Alode eyght myles from Denbighe and goyng by Lhan Sannan it falleth into the Elwy in Lhan Heueth parish which is sixe myles aboue Saint Asaph LelaÌ„d calleth it Aleth Clue doch Into Clude also runneth Clue Doch foure miles lower by water then Ruthine towne on the West side likewyse the Vstrate Vstrate that commeth within halfe a myle by south of Denbighe and goeth into Clude almost against Denbighe towne FroÌ„ hence to my remembraunce and before we come to Aber Dée or the mouth of the Dée I finde no Riuer of any countenaunce Dea. wherefore I will hast forth to the description of that streame It ryseth of sundy-heades southwest from Lintegy or Lin Tegnis in the countie of Penthlin wherevnto within a while they resort and direct their courses and there ioyning in one Channell it commeth almost by Bala a poore market towne Then going stil by the side of Yale it passeth to Berwin where it méeteth with a rill afterwardes to Corwen a little by Southwest wherof it receaueth the Alwijn a noble streame which commeth from the Northwest out of a Lyn lying on the other syde of y e same hilles wherin the Alode riseth Alwijn and not onely taketh sundery ryuerets and rilles withall as it goeth but also runneth with great swiftnesse tyll it be ioyned with the same From Corwen it goeth to Gellon and a fewe myles beneath Gellon it méeteth with the Kyriog then the Wrerham rill Kyriog Alin. and finally the Alyn whose crinkeling streames discende from a Lin in the Stradlin hilles and goyng first North east vnto Mold or Gwidgruc theÌ„ southward vnto Cargurle and finally againe into the Northeast it stayeth not tyll it come at the Dée where it méeteth about halfe a myle or more froÌ„ the Holit with the aforesaide riuer Hauing therfore receiued this water it continueth the course vnto Chester it selfe and froÌ„ thence into the Irysh sea as experience hath coÌ„firmed What other ryuers do fal into this streame it shal be shewed in the second booke In y e meane time hauing a good gale of wind blowing from the South west we came to Lyr poole whether the Wyuer on the southe about Frodsham the Mersey on the north doe fall in thunburdening of their channels Wiuer water runneth among the Wiches and Marsey departeth Chester and Lancashyre in sunder From hence also we go by Wegam or Dugeles and nexte of all vnto the Ribell which almost doth enuyronne Preston in Andernesse It ryseth in Rybbes dale about Salley Aabbye and from thence goeth to Salley and a lyttle beneath Salley it receiueth the Calder that coÌ„meth by Whaley and then the Oder After thys we come to the Wire which ryseth eyght or tenne miles from Garston out of the Hylles on the ryght hande and commeth by gréene Hawghe a pretye Castell belonging to the Earles of Darby and more then halfe a myle of to Garston in Andernesse It ebbeth and floweth also thrée myles beneath Garstone and at the Chappell of Alhallowes tenne myles froÌ„ Garston it goeth into the Sea After thys we come to Coker that maketh no great course ere we come to the Sandes by Cockerham Vyllage where they make Salt out of the Sandes by often wetting and dreauing the water from thence into a Pyt they séeth it as at the Wiche c. Then to Cowder ryll so to the Lane or Lune that giueth name to Lancaster where much Romaine money is founde Of thys ryuer you shall reade more in the seconde Booke Next vnto it also is the Kery halfe a mile beyond Warton where the rich Kitson was borne It ryseth out of the hylles not farre of and falleth into the salte water at Lunesandes From thence we come to Bythe water which ryseth not farre from Bytham Towne and Parke in the Hilles whereabout are great numbers of goates It is a prettye ryuer and by all lykelyhoode resorteth vnto Ken sands Ken ryseth at Ken more in a Poole of a myle compasse verye well stored wyth fyshe the head whereof as all the Barromy of Kendal is in Westmerlande It is also eyght myles from Kendall in the waye to Perith and the course thereof is to Newbridge Barley Staueley hamlet Bowstone Burne syde bridges to Kendall Leuen bridge c. into the sea receiuing the Sprout ryuer into it a myle aboue Fremegate bridge Next vnto this is y e Charte whether a freshe water commeth as doth another to Conny heade sandes Then come wée to Dudden or Doden hauen whether a freshe brooke also resorteth foure myles from hence was Furnesse Abbay vp into the mountaines Then sayled we to the Eske whereunto commeth a brooke from Crosmets then to the Caldes serued also wyth a backe freshe water then going about by S. Bées to the Wy or Ferne to to Deruent the Lug or Luy and finallye to Soluey which parteth England Scotland Hauing thus gone thorowe the ryuers of Englande nowe it resteth that wée procéede with those which are to bée founde vppon the Scettyshe shoore in such order as we best maye vntill we haue fetched a compasse about the same and come vnto Barwijcke whence afterwarde it shall be easye for vs to make repaire vnto the Thames from which we did set forwarde in the beginning of oure voiage The fyrste ryuer that I mette wythall on the Scottish coast 〈◊〉 is the Eske after I came paâ—â—t the Soluey which hath his heade in the Cheuiote Hylles runneth by Kirkinton and falleth into the Sea at Borow on the sands Thys Eske hauing receiued the Ewys falleth into the Soluey fyrst at Atterith After thys I passed ouer â—… lyttle créeke from Kyrthell and so to Anand whereof the valleye Anandale doth séeme to take y e name There is also the Nyde wheref commeth Nidsdale the Ken the Dée the Craie and the Bladnecke and al these besides dyuers other smal rylles of lesse name doe lye vpon the south coast of Galloway On the north side also we haue the Ruan the Arde the Eassile Dune the Burwin the Cluide whereupon sometyme stoode the famous citie of Alcluyde and whereinto runneth the Carath the Hamell the Dourglesse and the Lame From hence in lyke manner wée came vnto the Leuind mouth wherunto the Blake on the southwest and the Lomundelake with his fleting Isles and fish without finnes yet very holesome doth séeme to make hys issue Thys lake of Lomund in calme wheather ryseth sometimes so high and swelleth with such terrible Billowes that it causeth the best Marriners of Scotlande to abyde the leysure of this water before they haue aduenture to hoyss vp sayles on hie The like is séene in windye weather but much more perillous There are certeine Isles also in the same which mooue and remooue oftentymes
at y e least doe kéepe yearly two visitations or Sinodes as the Byshop doth in euery thirde yeare wherin they make diligeÌ„t inquisition serch aswel for y e doctrine behauiour of the Ministers as the orderly dealing of the Parishioners in resorting to their parish churches conformity vnto religioÌ„ They punish also w t great seuerity al such trespassers as are presented vnto them or if the cause be of y e more weight as in cases of Heresie pertinacie coÌ„tempt such lyke they refer them eyther to y e Bishop of the Diocesse or his chauncellour or else to sundrie graue persons set in authoritye by vertue of an high coÌ„mission directed vnto them froÌ„ the Prince to that end Highe Commisâ—…ioners who in very courteous maner doe sée the offenders geÌ„tly reformed or else seuerly punished if necessitie so inforce A proâ—…hesye or conference Beside this in many of our Archedeaconries we haue an exercise lately begunne which for the most part is called a prophecie or conference and erected only for the examination or triall of the diligence of the cleargie in their study of holy scriptures Howbeit such is the thirstie desire of the people in these dayes to heare the worde of God y t they also haue as it were with zealous violence intruded themselues among them but as hearers only to come by more knowledg thorowe their presence at the same Herein also for the most part two of the yonger sorte of Ministers doe expounde eache after other some péece of the scriptures ordinarily appointed vnto them in their courses wherein they orderly go thorow with some one of the Euangelistes or of the Epistles as it pleaseth theÌ„ to choose at the first in euery of these conferences and when they haue spent an houre or a little more betwéene them then commeth one of the better learned sort who supplyeth the rowme of a moderator making first a briefe rehearsall of their discourses and then adding what him thinketh good of his owne knowledge wherby two houres are thus coÌ„monly spent at this most profitable méeting WheÌ„ al is done if the first speakers haue shewed any péece of diligence they are commended for their trauaile and encouraged to go forward If they haue béene fouÌ„d to be slacke their negligence is openly reproued before all their brethren who go aside of purpose from the laitie after the exercise ended to iudge of these matters and consulte of the next speakers quantie of the text to be handled in that place The laytie neuer spake but are onely hearers as it is vsed in some places wéekely in other once in fouretéene dayes in dyuers monethly and elsewhere twise in a yere so is it a notable spurre vnto all the ministers therby to apply their bookes which otherwyse as in tymes past dyd giue themselues to hawking hunting tables cardes dyce typling at the Alehouse shooting and other like vanities nothing commendable in such as shoulde be godly and zealous stewards of the good gifts of GOD faithful distributers of his worde vnto the people and diligent pastours according to their calling Ministers Deacons Our Elders or Ministers and Deacons for subdeacons and the other inferiour orders sometime vsed in the Popish church we haue not are made according to a certaine forme of consecration concluded vpon in the time of king Edwarde the sixt by the clergy of Englande and soone after confirmed by the thrée estates of the realme in the high court of ParliameÌ„t And out of the first sort that is to saye of such as are called to the ministery are Bishops Deanes Archedeacons such as haue the higher places in the Hierarchy of the church elected these also as al y e rest at the first coÌ„ming vnto any spirituall promotion doe yéeld vnto y e Prince the entire taxe of their liuings for one whole yeare if it amount in value vnto ten pounde and vpwardes and this vnder the name of first fruites They paye the tenthes yearely also of theyr sayde liuynges First fruites and tenthes accordyng to such valuations as haue béene made latelye of the same for the receyt of which two paymentes an especial office or court is erected which beareth name of first fruits and tenthes wherevnto if the party to be preferred doe not make his duetifull repayre by an appointed tyme after possession taken there to compounde for the payment of his fruites he incurreth the daunger of a great penalty lymited by a certayne estatute prouided in that behalfe against such as doe intrude into the ecclesiasticall functioÌ„ They pay likewise subsides wyth the temporaltie but in suche sort that if these paye after foure shillinges for lande Subsidies the cleargye paye commonly after sixe shilings of the pounde so that of a benefice of twentye pounde by the yeare the incumbent thinketh himselfe well acquited if all thinges being discharged he may reserue fiftéene pounde towarde his owne sustentation and maintenance of his family Seldom also are they without the compasse of a subsidye for if they be one yeare cleare from this payment they are lyke in the next to here of another graunt so that I saye agayne they are seldome wythout the limite of a subsidie The laity maye at euery taxation also helpe themselues and so they doe thorowe consideration had of their decaye and hinderaunce and yet their impouerishmeÌ„t cannot but touch also the Parson or Vicar as is daily to be séene in their accounpts and tythings The other paimeÌ„tes due vnto the Archbishop and Bishop at their seuerall visitatioÌ„s of which the first is double to the latter and suche also as the Archedeacon receyueth at hys Synodes c. remaine still as they dyd wythout any alteration onely thys I thynke be added within memory of man that at the comming of euery prince hys appointed officers doe commonly visite the whole realme vnder the forme of an ecclesiasticall inquisition in which the cleargy doe paye double fées as vnto the Archbishop Hereby theÌ„ by those already remembred it is founde that the Church of Englande is no lesse commodious to the Princes coffers then the laitye if it doe not farre excéede the same since their paimentes are certayne continuall and seldome abated howesoeuer they gather vppe their owne dueties or haue their lyuinges otherwise hardly valued vnto the vttermost fardings or shrewdely canceled by the couetousnesse of the patrones * The very cause why weauers pedlers glouers haue béene made Ministers for y e learned refuse such matches so that yf the Bishops in times past hadde not made such by ouersight friendship I wote not howe such men shold haue done wyth their aduousons as for a glouer or a tayleâ—… 〈◊〉 â—…e 〈…〉 or 10. 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 and 〈…〉 shalt 〈…〉 all the 〈◊〉 so he 〈◊〉 be 〈…〉 of whom some do bestowe aduousons of benefices vpon theyr Bakers Butlers Cokes and horsekéepers in stéede of other recompeÌ„ce for their long
to resist the Kings proceedings this Sir Raufe Evre beyng then within Scarborrough Castel He is besieged in Scarborrough Castell accoÌ„paned onely with his friends seruants and tenants whiche of very good will were contented to serue vnder him was besieged in the same Castell and kept from all reliefe succours that might come or be brought vnto him from any parte during the terme of sixe weekes or there about so that for the space of xx dayes after theyr prouision was spent they liued onely with bread and water hauing little or no other sustenance whiche extremitie not withstanding he kept the fortresse in safetie to the Kings vse vnto the ende of that dangerous rebellion and then to his high prayse and commendation deliuered it like a faithful GentlemaÌ„ into the Kings hands This I should haue set downe in place where mencion is made of that rebellion but the note came not to my hand till that parte of the booke was paste the presse and so rather here than not at all I haue thought good to imparte it to the Reader But now to returne to the purpose for the doings in Scotlande About the same time that the victory before mencioned chanced to the Scottes Robert Carncorfe bishop of Rosse departed this life Death of Byshops to whome succeeded Dauid Pantane Secretary to the gouernour an Priour of S. Mary I le In Aprill William Steward bishop of Aberden likewise deceased and master William Gordon ChaÌ„cellor of Murray vncle to George Erle of Huntley was by the Cardinals suyte promoted to that see greatly to the displeasure of the Erle of Angus that laboured to haue preferred an other thereto For this other causes the Cardinal was greatly in hatred of y e Dowglasses This yeere also Montgomery otherwise called Monsier de Lorges Monsieur de Lorges sent into Scotland knight of the order of S. Michael was sent by the French king with iiij thousand Frenchmen into Scotlande to assist the Scottes against England he landed at Dunbertayne and came in good order to Edenburgh the xiij of May he brought with him from the French king the order of S. Michaell to inuest therewith the Lord gouernour Knights of Michaels â—…der the Erles of Angus Huntley and Argile Herwith also was an army of Scottes reysed and ioyning with the Frenchmen they approched y e bordures where they lay for a season An army of Scots lieth the bordure but the Erle of Hertford Lieutenant generall of the North partes comming downe tooke such direction for the safe keeping of the English bordures that after the Scottes had layne there in campe a certayne space without atchieuing any great enterprice though some notable exploit was looked for to haue bene attempted by them at that present they brake vp theyr armie and returned home The .xvj. of September about three or foure hundred Scottes and Frenchmen attempted to enter into England on the east bordures French meâ—… and Scotâ—…â—…uerthrowen but the Englishmen perceyuing where they were aboute to passe by a certayne streyt they set vpoÌ„ them with their Archers discomfited them sleying and taking to the number of seuen score of them Amongst other that were taken one of the Sonnes to the Lord Hume with a French capitayne and George Elphinston Archer of the corps to the French king were accompted â—…f Also on the West bordures Robert Maxwell eldest sonne to the Lord Maxwels The Lorde Maxwelles sonne taken prysoner was taken in a roade made by him others into the English confines on that side although at an other time certaine Englishmen making a roade into Scotlande were distressed the more parte of them beyng taken or slayne At a ParliameÌ„t holden at Linluchque begonne there the .xxviij. of September and continued til the first of October Matthew Erle of Lennox and Thomas bishop of _____ were forfalted al their laÌ„ds and goodes giuen away and annexed to the Crowne In this meane time the king of England desirous to haue the seruice of the Iles of Scotland for sundry great causes and respects moued the Erle LeÌ„nox to deale with them to y e ende whiche hee did and his trauell tooke suche effect that the Iland men were coÌ„tented to rest at the king of Englande his deuotion The Erle of Lennox pâ—…cureth theâ—… of the Iles serue the king of England partely for that they were in a maner sworne enimies to the Erle of Argyle and his family and partly for that they doubted the king of Englands puyssance if he shoulde attempt to inuade those parties and againe bearing an olde speciall fauor to the Earle of Lennox and his house hauing an auntient bonde of alliance and amitie with the same they were the more ready to satisfie his motion 〈◊〉 lorde of â—…les eleâ—… being 〈◊〉 of the Maâ—…es Herevpon they elected amoÌ„gst them a Lorde of the Isles nexte of the bloud a title long sithence righte odious to the state of Scotland and by the inducement of the Earle of Lennox hee was contented as the Kyng of Englands pentioner to receyue two thousand Crownes of him yeerely with certayne riche apparel of cloth of golde and siluer from the said Earle The first proofe he attempted to shew of hys seruice in the King of Englands behalfe was this hauing instructions thereto from the Erle of Lennox vnder colour of a conference for matters touching the estate of the Countrey he had suborned one of his aliance and seruantes called y e Clane Reignald 〈◊〉 Rey 〈◊〉 slayeth 〈◊〉 Lorde 〈◊〉 to entrappe the Erles of Arguile and Huntley and although they escaped very narrowly the Lord Louet an auntient Baron and greate friende to those two Earles was slayne by the sayd Clane togyther with seauen hundred of his kinsmen and frieÌ„ds in so muche that there remayned not but one yong boy of that lignage to succeede in that Lords lands After this the L. of the Iles with sixe M. meÌ„ embarqued in certayne vessels passed ouer into Carrike The Lord of 〈◊〉 Isles inâ—… Carike harried and brent the lands of the Erle of Cassels then a great enimie to the Kyng of England In this voyage he got great spoiles and flew many of the enimies after which enterprise so atchieued he came with his power by Sea 〈◊〉 commeth 〈◊〉 Ireland and landed in Irelande where the Earles of Lennox and Ormonde were with twelue hundred Irishmenne appoynted to ioyne with him that with their whole power they myghte inuade the Earle of Argulles Countreys and consequently the mayne lande of Scotlande at the brode syde But before the preparation could be made ready for that iourney the newe Lord of the Iles deceassed 〈◊〉 departeth 〈◊〉 â—…e whose buriall in Irelande to honor the Earle of Lennox stoode the Kyng of England in foure hundred pounds sterling But now to returne vnto y e doings on the bordures betwixt England and Scotland in thys season Ye shall vnderstand that after the
1577. THE Firste volume of the Chronicles of England Scotlande and Irelande CONTEYNING The description and Chronicles of England from the first inhabiting vpon the conquest The description and Chronicles of Scotland from the first origiâ—… of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 tes 〈◊〉 till the yeare of our Lorde 1571. The descriptâ—â—◠〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—nicles of Yrelande likewise from the firâ—◠〈…〉 of that Nation vntill the yeare 1547. Faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed AT LONDON Imprinted for Iohn Hunne God saue the Queene ⧠TO THE RIGHT Honorable and his singular good Lorde Sir VVilliam Cecill Baron of Burghleygh Knight of the most noble order of the Garter Lord high Treasourer of England Maister of the Courtes of Wardes and Lyueries and one of the Queenes Maiesties priuie Counsell COnsidering with my selfe right Honorable and my singular good Lorde how ready no doubt many wil be to accuse me of vayne presumptioÌ„ for enterprising to deale in this so weighty a worke and so farre aboue my reache to accomplish I haue thought good to aduertise your Honour by what occasion I was first induced to vndertake the same although the cause that moued mee thereto hath in parte ere this bene signified vnto your good Lordshippe Where as therfore that worthie Citizen Reginald VVolfe late Printer to the Queenes Maiestie a man well knowen and beholden to your Honour meant in his life time to publish an vniuersall Cosmographie of the whole worlde and therewith also certaine perticular Histories of euery knowen nation amongst other whome he purposed to vse for performance of his entent in that behalfe he procured me to take in hande the collection of those Histories and hauing proceeded so far in the same as little wanted to the accomplishment of that long promised worke it pleased God to call him to his mercie after .xxv. yeares trauell spent therein so that by his vntimely deceasse no hope remayned to see that performed whiche we had so long trauayled aboute those yet whome be left in trust to dispose his things after his departure hence wishing to the benefite of others that some fruite might follow of that whereabout he had imployed so long time willed me to continue mine endeuour for their furtherance in the same whiche although I was ready to do so farre as mine abilitie would reach and the rather to answere that trust which the deceassed reposed in me to see it brought to some perfection yet when the volume grewe so great as they that were to defray the charges for the Impression were not willing to go through with the whole they resolued first to publishe the Histories of Englande Scotlande and Irelande with their descriptions whiche descriptions bycause they were not in such readinesse as those of forreyn countreys William Harison and Richard Staâ—…yburst they were enforced to vse the helpe of other better able to do it than I. Moreouer the Chartes wherein Maister VVolfe spent a greate parte of his time were not founde so complete as wee wished and againe vnderstanding of the great charges and notable enterprice of that worthie Gentleman maister Thomas Sackeforde in procuring the Chartes of the seuerall prouinces of this Realme to be sette forth wee are in hope that in tyme he will deliniate this whole lande so perfectly as shal be comparable or beyonde any deliniation heretofore made of any other region and therefore leaue that to his well deserued prayse If any well willer will imitate him in so prayse worthie a worke for the two other regions we will be gladde to further his endeuour with all the helpes we may The Histories I haue gathered according to my skill and conferred the greatest parte with Maister VVolfe in his life time to his liking who procured me so many helpes to the furtherance thereof that I was lothe to omit any thing that might encreace the Readers knowledge whiche causeth the booke to grow so great But receyuing them by partes and at seuerall times as I might get them it may be that hauing had more regard to the mater than to the apt penning J haue not so orderly disposed them as otherwise I ought choosing rather to want order than to defraude the Reader of that whiche for his further vnderstanding might seeme to satisfie his expectation I therefore moste humbly beseeche your Honour to accept these Chronicles of Englande vnder your protection and according to your wisedome and accustomed benignitie to beare with my faultes the rather bicause you were euer so especiall good Lord to Maister VVolfe to whome I was singularly beholden and in whose name I humbly presente this rude worke vnto you beseeching God that as he hath made you an instrument to aduaunce his truth so it may please him to increace his good giftes in you to his glorie the furtheraunce of the Queenes Maiesties seruice and comforte of all hir faithfull and louing subiectes Your honours most humble to commaunde RAPHAEL HOLINSHED THE PREFACE to the Reader IT is dangerous geÌ„tle Reader to range in so large a fielde as I haue here vndertaken vvhile so many sundry men in diuers things may be able to controll mee and many excellent vvittes of our countrey as vvell or better occupied I hope are able herein to surpasse me but seing the beste able do seeme to neglect it let me though least able craue pardon to put theÌ„ in minde not to forget their natiue couÌ„treis praise vvhich is theyr dutie the encouragement of theyr vvorthie countrie men by elders aduauncements and the dauntyng of the vicious by foure penall examples to vvhiche ende I take Chronicles and Histories ought chiefly to be vvritten My labour may shevv mine vttermost good vvill of the more learned I require their further enlargement and of faultfinders dispensatioÌ„ till they be more fully enfourmed It is too commoÌ„ that the least able are readiest to finde fault in maters of least vveight and therfore I esteeme the lesse of their carping but humbly beseech the skilfull to supplie my vvant and to haue care of their dutie and eyther to amend that vvherin I haue fayled or be content vvith this mine endeuour For it may please them to consider that no one can be eye vvitnesse to all that is vvritten vvithin our time much lesse to those things vvhiche happened in former times and therefore must be content vvith reportes of others Therein I haue bene so careful that I haue spared no paynes or helpe of frendes to search out either vvritten or printed auncient Authours or to enquire of moderne eye vvitnesses for the true setting dovvne of that vvhiche I haue here deliuered but I finde such vvant in vvriters for the necessary knovvledge of things done in times past and lacke of meane to obtayne sufficient instructions by reporters of the time present and herevvith the vvorthie exploytes of our countrey men so many that it greeueth me I coulde not leaue the same to posteritie as I vvished to their vvel deserued praise But I haue here
manner of this whole Islande called the same after the name of his Countrie from whence his originall came neyther Hengist neyther any Quéene named Angla neyther whatsoeuer deriuation ab angulo as from a corner of the worlde bearing swaye or hauing ought to doe at all in that behalfe What sundry Nations haue inhabited in this Islande Cap. 3. AS fewe or no Nations can iustly boaste themselues to haue continued sithence their countrie was first replenished No Nation voide of myxture more or lesse wythout any myxture more or lesse wyth other people no more can this our Islande whose manifolde commodities haue oft allured sundry Princes and famous captaynes of the world to conquere and subdue the same vnto theyr owne subiection Many sorts of people therefore haue comen hither and settled theÌ„selues here in thys Isle and first of all other a percell of the image and posteritie of Iapheth brought in by Samothes in the 1910. Samotheans after the creation of Adam Howbeit in processe of tyme and after they had indifferently replenyshed and furnyshed this Islande with people which was done in the space of 335. yeares Albion the Gyaunt afore mencioned repayred hither with a companye of his owne race procéeding from Cham Chemminites and not onely subued the same to his owne dominion but brought all such in lyke sort as he found here of the lyne of Iaphet into miserable seruitude and thraldome After hym also and wythin lesse than sixe hundred yeares came Brute with a great traine of the posteritie of the dispersed Troianes in 324. Britaines shyppes who rendring the lyke curtesie vnto the Chemminites as they had done before vnto the séede of Iaphet brought them also wholye vnder his rule and gouernaunce and diuided the whole lande among such Princes and Captaynes as he in his arriuall here had led out of Grecia with him Romaines From henceforth I doe not finde any sound report of other natioÌ„ whatsoeuer that shuld aduenture hither to dwell vntill the Romane Emperours subdued it to their dominion sauing of a fewe Galles and those peraduenture of Belgie who first comming ouer to robbe and pilfer vpon the coastes did afterwarde plant themselues for altogither neare vnto the sea and there buylded sundry cities and townes which they named after those of the maine from whence they came vnto vs. But after the comming of the Romaynes it is harde to say with how many sortes of people we were dayly pestered almost in euery stéede For as they planted their forworne Legions in the most fertile places of the Realme and where they might best lye for the safegarde of their conquestes so their armies did commonly consist of many sorts of people and were as I may call them a confused mixture of all other couÌ„tries Howbeit I thinke it best bicause they did all beare the tytle of Romaynes to retayne onely that name for them all albeit they were wofull guestes to this our Islande sith that wyth them came in all maner of vice and vicious liuing all ryot and excesse of behauior which their Legions brought hyther from eche corner of their dominions for there was no prouince vnder them from whence they had not seruitours Scottes Pictes How and when the Scottes should arriue here out of Irelande and from whence the Pictes shoulde come vnto vs as yet it is vncertaine For although their histories doe carie great countenance of their antiquitie and continuance in this Islande yet to say fréely what I thinke I iudge them rather to haue stolleÌ„ in hither not much before the Saxons than that they should haue bene so long here as from the one hundreth yeare after Christ Reynulph Higden is of the opinion that the Pictes did come into this Island in the days of Seuerus and that Fulgentius their captayne was brother to Martia the mother of Bassianus He addeth furthermore howe the Pictes forsooke Bassianus Li. 4. ca. â—… and held with Carausius who gaue theÌ„ a portion of Scotlande to inhabite and thus wryteth he But if Herodian be well reade you shal find that y e Pictes were settled in thys Isle before the time of Seuerus yet not so soone as that Tacicus can make any mention of theÌ„ in the coÌ„quest that Agricola his father in law made of y e North parts of this Island Neyther doe I reade of the Scots or Pictes before the time of Antoninus Verus in the begynning of whose thirde yere which concurred with the xvij of Lucius king of Britaine they inuaded thys South part of the Isle and were reduced to obedience by Trebellius the Legate Certes the tyme of Samothes and Albion haue some likely limitation and so we maye gather of the coÌ„ming in of Brute The voyage that Caesar made likewyse is certainely knowne to fall out in the 54. before the birth of Christ In lyke sort that the Saxons arryued here in the 449. The Danes and with them the Gothes Vandales Norwegians c. in the 791. Finally the Normans in 1066. And Flemminges in the tyme of Henry the first although they came not in by conquest but vppon their humble sute had a place in Wales assigned them to inhabite in by king Henry then reigning after the drowning of their countrie it is easie to be prooued But when the Pictes and Scottes should enter neither doe our hystories make any report neyther their owne agrée among theÌ„selues by manye hundreth yeares Wherefore as the tyme of their arriuall here is not to be founde out so it shall suffice to gyue notice that they are but strangers and such as by obscure inuasion haue nestled in thys Islande The Saxons became first acquainted with thys Isle Saxons by meanes of the pyracie which they daily practised vpon our coastes after they had once begunne to aduenture themselues also vpon the seas thereby to séeke out more wealth then was nowe to begotten in these west partes of the mayne which they their neighbors had alreadie spoyled in most lamentable and barbarous maner howbeit they neuer durst presume to inhabite in this Island vntill they were sent for by Vortiger to serue him in his warres agaynst y e Pictes Scottes after that the Romaines had giuen vs ouer left vs wholy to our owne defence regiment Being therefore comen in thrée bottomes or kéeles in short time espiing the ydle negligent behauiour of y e Brytons and fertilitie of our soyle they were not a little inflamed to make a full conquest of such as they came to ayde and succour Herevpon also they fell by little and little to the winding in of greater nuÌ„bers of their countrymen with their wyues and children into this region so that within a whyle they began to molest the homelings for so I finde y e word Indigena to be englished in an old booke that I haue wherin Aduena is translated also an homeling and ceased not from time to time to
a little diminished by mixture of the Latine Saxon speaches howbeit many poesies and writings in making whereof that nation hath euermore excelled are yet extant in my time whereby some difference betwéene the auncieÌ„t present language may easily be discerned notwithstanding that amoÌ„g all these there is nothing to be founde which can set downe any sounde testimonie of their owne originall in remembraunce whereof their Bardes cunning men haue bene most slacke and negligent It is a speache in mine opinioÌ„ much sauouring of that which was sometime vsed in Grecia and learned by the reliques of the Troyanes whylest they were captiue there but how soeuer the matter standeth after it came once ouer into this Islande sure it is that it could neuer be extinguished for all the atteÌ„pts that the Romains Saxons Normans and Englishmen coulde make against that nation in any maner of wyse The Briâ—…ons deliâ—…ent in peâ—…grées Petigrées genealogies also the Welche Brytons haue plentie in their owne tongue insomuch that many of them can readily deriue the same eyther from Brute or some of his bande euen vnto Aeneas and other of the Troyanes and so forth vnto Noah without any maner of stoppe but as I know not what credite is to be giuen vnto them in this behalfe so I dare not absolutely impugne their assertions sith that in times past all nations learning it no dout of the Hebrues did very solemnely preserue the Cataloges of their discent thereby eyther to shew themselues of auncient and noble race or else to be discended from some one of the goddes â—…atine Next vnto the Brittishe speache the latine tongue was brought in by the Romaines whereof I will not say much bycause there are few which be not skilfull in y e same Howbeit as the speache it selfe is easie and delectable so hath it peruerted the names of the auncient ryuers regions and cities of Britayne in such wyse that in these our dayes their olde Brittish denominations are quite growen out of memorie and those of the new latine left as most incertayne This remayneth also vnto my tyme borowed from the Romaynes that all our déedes euidences charters and writinges of recorde are set downe in the latine tongue and therevnto the copies and courtrolles and processes of courtes and leetes registred in the same The Saâ—…on tong The thirde language apparauntly knowen is the Scythian or highe Dutche brought in at the first by the Saxons an hard and rough kinde of speach god wotte when our nation was brought first into acquaintance withall but now chaunged with vs into a farre more fine and easie kind of vtteraunce and so polished and helped with new and milder wordes that it is to be aduouched howe there is no one speache vnder the sonne spoken in our time that hath or can haue more varietie of words copie of phrases or figures or floures of eloquence theÌ„ hath our Englishe tongue although some haue affirmed vs rather to barke as dogs then talke like men because the most of our wordes as they doe in déede incline vnto one syllable After the Saxon tongue came the NormaÌ„ or Frenche language The FreÌ„che tong ouer into our countrey and therein were our lawes written for a loÌ„g tyme our children also were by an especiall decrée taught first to speake the same and all to exile the Englishe and Brittishe speaches out of the couÌ„try but in vaine for in the time of king Edwarde the first and towarde the latter ende of his reigne the Frenche it selfe ceased to be spoken generally and then beganne the Englishe to recouer and growe in more estimation then before notwithstaÌ„ding that amoÌ„g our artificers y e most part of their implements tooles reteine stil their French denominatioÌ„s to these our daies as the language it self is vsed likewise in suÌ„dry courts bookes and matters of law wherof here is no place to make any farder rehearsall Afterward also by the diligent trauelle of Geffray Chauser and Iohn Gowre in the time of Richard the second after theÌ„ of Iohn ScogaÌ„ Iohn Lydgate monke of Berry our tong was brought to an excellent passe notwithstanding that it neuer came vnto the typpe of perfection vntill the time of Quéene Elizabeth wherein many excellent writers haue fully accomplished the ornature of the same to their great prayse and immortall commeÌ„dation But as this excellencie of the English tongue is founde in one and the south part of this Islande so in Wales the greatest noÌ„ber as I sayde retayne still their owne auncient language that of the North part of the sayd countrey being lesse corrupted then the other and therefore reputed for the better in their owne estimation and iudgement The Cornish and Deuonshire men The Cornish toÌ„gue haue a speach in like sorte of their owne and such as hath in déede more affinity with the Armoricane tongue then I can well discusse of yet in mine opinioÌ„ they are both but a corrupted kinde of Brittish albeit so farre degenerating in these dayes that if eyther of them do méete wyth a Welch man they are not able at the first to vnderstand one another except here and therein some odde wordes without the helpe of interpretours And no marueile in mine opinion that the Brittish of Cornewall is thus corrupted sith the Welch tong that is spoken in the north and south part of Wales doth differ so much in it selfe as the English vsed in Scotlande doth from that which is spoken among vs here in this side of the Islande as I haue saide already Scottishe english The Scottish englishe is much broader and lesse pleasaunt in vtterance then ours because that nation hath not hitherto indeuoured to bring the same to any perfit order and yet it is such in maner as Englishmen themselues doe speake for the most part beyonde the Trent whether the aforesayde amendement of our language hath not as yet very much extended it selfe Thus we sée how that vnder the dominion of the kinge of Englande and in the south partes of the realme we haue thrée seuerall tongues that is to say English Bryttish Cornish and euen so many are in Scotland if you accompt the Englishe speach for one notwithstanding that for bredth and quantitie of the Region it be somewhat lesse to sée to then the other For in the North part of the Region The wilde Scottes where the wilde Scottes otherwyse called the Redshankes or Rough footed Scottes bycause they go bare footed clad in mantels ouer their saffron shirtes after the Irishe maner doe inhabite RedshaÌ„ks Rough footed Scots they speake good Irishe Irish speche whereby they shew their originall to haue in times past bene fetched out of Irelande In the Isles of the Orcades or Orkeney as they now call them and such coastes of Britaine as doe abutte vpon the same the Gottish or Dainsh speach is altogither in vse by reason as I take it that the
from Lanchester Coue. which is sixe myles higher then Chester in the Streate and then goeth to Chester it selfe whereabout it méeteth with the Hedley Hedley Gaundlesse Finally the Gawndelesse that ryseth sixe myles by west of Akelande castell and running by the south side thereof passeth by west Akeland S. Helenes Akelande s Andrewes Akeland Bishops Akeland and eare long into the Were and thus much of waters omitted in y e Tine Were These Lelande writing of the These repeateth the names of sundry riuerets whereof in the former Treatize I haue made no mencion at all notwithstanding y e some of their courses may perhaps be touched in the same as the Thurisgill whose heade is not farre froÌ„ the Spittle that I do reade of in Stanmoore Thuresgil The Grettey commeth by Barningham Mortham and falleth into the These aboue Croftes bridge Gretty The Dare or Dere runneth by Darlington Dare. likewise into the These aboue the aforesayd bridge Wiske As for the Wiske it commeth thereinto from by south vnder Wiske bridge Danby Northalberton and eare long also into a greater streame which going a little lower vnder an other bridge doth runne by one chanell into the aforesayd ryuer before it come at the These And these are the brookes that I haue obserued sith the impression of my first booke in Leland those that followe I referred hither of purpose Thorpe alias Leuend The Thorpe riseth of sundry heads wherof one is aboue Pinching Thorpe from whence it goeth to Nonnethorpe and so to Stokesley The seconde hath two braunches and so placed that Kildale standeth betwéene them both finally méeting beneath Easby they go by Eaton and likewise vnto Stokesley The last hath also two braunches wherof one commeth from Inglesby and méeteth with the seconde beneath Broughton going from theÌ„ce to Stokesley they mete with the Thorpe aboue the towne as the other fal into it somewhat beneath the same From hence it goeth to Ridley and there taketh in another rill comming from Potto thence to Crawthorne brooke Crawthorne Leuanton MiltoÌ„ Hilton Inglesby so into the These betwéene Yarne and Barwijc whereof I made mention before although I neither named it nor shewed y e descriptioÌ„ Some cal it not Thorpe but the Leuend brooke or Leuen water and thus much of some of the waters eyther omitted or not fullye touched in the former Treatize Of such streames as fall into the maine riuers betweene Humber and the Thames Cap. 3. THe course of the Ouze is alreadie set forth in the first booke of this description so exactely as I hope that I shall not néede to adde any more thereunto at this time Ouze Wherefore I will deale onely with such as fall into the same ymagining a voyage froÌ„ the Rauenspurne vntill I come néere to the heade of These and so southwardes about againe by the bottome of the hilly soyle vntill I get to Buxston Sheffelde Scroby and the very south point of Humber mouth wherby I shall crosse them all that are to be found in this walke and leaue I doubt not some especiall notice of their seuerall heads courses The course of the Hul is already described Hul 〈◊〉 yet here I will not let to insert Lelandes description of the same and that more for those odde notes which he hath set down in the processe of his matter then that I thincke his dealing herein to be more exacte then myne if so much may be sayde without all cause of offence The Hulne saieth he riseth of thrée seuerall heads whereof the greatest is not farre from Dryfielde nowe a small village sixtéene myles froÌ„ Hull Certes it hath béene a goodly towne and therein was the pallace of Egbright king of the Northumbers and place of Sepulture of a noble Saxon king whose name I now remember not although his ToÌ„be remaine for ought that I do know to the contrarie with an inscription vpon the same written in Latine letters Neare vnto this towne also is the Danefielde wherein great numbers of Danes were slaine and buried in those hils which yet remaine there to be séene ouer their bones and carkasses The second head saith he is at Estburne and the thirde at Emmeswell and méeting altogither not farre from Dryfielde the water there beginneth to be called Hulne as I haue sayde alreadie From hence also it goeth thorowe Beuerley medowes and comming at the last not farre from an arme led from the Hulne by mans hande and able to beare great vessels almost to Beuerley towne Cottâ—â—â—ham méeting thereabout also with the CottinghaÌ„ becke comming froÌ„ Westwood by the way it hasteth to Kingston vpon Hulne and so into the Humber without any maner impechement â—â—wlney The Fowlney riseth about Godmanham from whence it goeth by Wighton Hareswell Seton Williams bridge and soone after spreading it selfe one arme called Skelflete â—â—elflete goeth by Cane Cawsey to Browneflete and so into the Ouze The other passeth by Sandholme Gilbertes dike Scalby chappell Blacketoft and so into the aforesayde Ouze leauing a very pretie Islande which is a percel as I here of Walding fen more though otherwyse obscure to vs that dwell here in the south â—â—rwent The Darwent ryseth in the hilles that lye west of Robin Whodes baie or two myles aboue Ayton bridge west of Scarborow as Lelande sayth and eare it hath runne farre from the head it receyueth two rilles in one bottome from by west which ioyne withall about Langdale ende Thence they go togyther to Broxey and at Hacknesse take in an other water comming from about Silsey Afterwarde it commeth to Ayton then to Haybridge â—â—nford and there crosseth the Kenforde that descendeth from Roberteston After this also it goeth on to Pottersbrumton where it taketh in one rill as it doth another beneath running from Shirburne and the thirde yet lower on the fader bancke that descendeth from Brumpton From these confluences it runneth to Fowlbridge Axbridge Yeldingham bridge and so to Cotehouse receyuing by the way many waters Lelande reconing vp the names of the seuerall brookes numbreth them confusedly after his accustomed order The Darwent saith he receyueth diuers streames as the Shyrihutton â—…hirihutâ—â—n â—…rambeck The seconde is the Crambecke descending from Hunderskell castell â—…rambeck so called tanquaÌ„ a centum fontibus or multitude of Springes that ryse about the same and goeth to Rie which comming out of the Blacke moores passeth by Riuers abbay taking in the Ricoll on the left hande 〈◊〉 â—â—coll â—…euen â—…ostey â—â—ckering then the Seuen the Costey and Pickering brooke The Seuen also sayeth he riseth in the side of Blackmoore and thence goeth by Sinnington foure myles froÌ„ Pickering and about a myle aboue a certayne bridge ouer Rie goeth into y e Streame The Costey in like sorte springeth in y e very edge of Pickering towne at a place called Keld head and goeth into the Rie
brynge out none but rather buy vppe that which the poore bring vnder pretence of séede corne because one wheat often sowen without chaunge of séede will soone decay and be conuerted into darnell For this cause therefore they must néedes buy in the markettes though they be twentye myles of and where they be 〈◊〉 knowne promising there to send so much to theyr next market to performe I wote not when If thys shyft serue not neither doth the foxe vse alwayes one tracke for feare of a snare they wil compound w t some one of the towne where the market is holden who for a pot of hufcappe or mery go downe wyll not let to buy it for them that in his owne name Or else they wage one poore man or other to become a bodger thereto get him a lycence vpon some forged surmize which being done they will féede him with money to buy for them till he hath filled theyr losses and then if he can doe any good for himselfe so it is if not they wyll gyue him somewhat for his paines at this â—…yâ—…le and reserue him for another yeare How many of these prâ—…ders stumble vppon blynde créekes at the sea cost I wote not well but that some haue so done vnder other mens winges the cause is to playne But who dare finde faulte with theÌ„ when they haue once a lycence though it be but so serue a meane Gentlemans house with corne who hath cast vp at his talage because he bâ—…astreth how he can buy his graine in y e market better cheape theÌ„ he can sâ—…w his laÌ„d as the 〈◊〉 grasier often doth also vpon y e like deuise If any man come to buy a bushel or two for his expences vnto y e market crosse aunswere is made forsooth here was one euen nowe that badde me money for it and I hope he will haue it And to saye the truth these bodgers are faire 〈◊〉 for there are no more words with them but let me sée it what shall I giue you knitiâ—… it vp I will haue it go câ—…ry it to such a chamber But to 〈◊〉 by this â—…yâ—…ke this poore occupieâ—… hath all 〈◊〉 his croppe for 〈◊〉 of money beyng 〈…〉 againe 〈◊〉 longe And 〈…〉 the whole sale of corne in the great 〈◊〉 handes â–ª who hytherto 〈…〉 lyttle 〈◊〉 of their own 〈…〉 men so much as they 〈…〉 Hencefoorth also they begin to 〈…〉 by the quarter or made at the first For maring of the market but by the 〈◊〉 or two or an 〈…〉 the most therby to be 〈◊〉 â—…o kéepe the market eyther for a shewe or to made men â—…geâ—… to buy and so as they maye haue it for money not to regarde what they pay And thus corne 〈◊〉 deare but it will be dearer the next 〈…〉 day It is possible also that they myslyke the pryce in the begynnyng for whole yeare 〈◊〉 as mâ—…n 〈◊〉 that corne 〈…〉 of better price in the next 〈…〉 wyll they threshe out thrée partes of 〈…〉 corne toward the 〈…〉 when newe commeth a 〈◊〉 to hande and cast the same into the fourth vnthreshed where it shall lye vntyll the next Spryng or peraduenture tyll it must 〈…〉 Or else they â—â—ill gyrde their 〈◊〉 of by the hand and stâ—…cke it vp of newe in 〈…〉 to th ende it may not onely appeare lesse in quantity but also gyue place to the corne that is yet to come into the â—…arne or growing the field If there happen to be such plentye in the market vpon any 〈◊〉 day that they can not â—…ell at their owne 〈…〉 they set it vp in some friendes house against an other or the thirde day and not bringe it foorth vntyll they lyke of the 〈◊〉 If they â—…ell any at home beside harder measure it shal be dearer to the poore man by two pence or a groate in a bushell then they maye 〈…〉 in the market But as there things are worthy redresse so I wyshe that God woulde once open their eyes that 〈◊〉 thus to sée there owne errours for as yet some of them lyttle care howe many poore men suffer extreâ—â—â—ie so that they may 〈◊〉 their 〈◊〉 and carye aldaye the gaine I coulde saye more but this is euen ynough and more peraduenture then I shall be well thanked for yet true it is though some 〈◊〉 it no 〈◊〉 This moreouer is to be lamented that one generall measure is not in vse thorowout all Englande but euery 〈◊〉 towne hath in a maner a seuerall measure and the lesser it be the 〈◊〉 sellers it draweth 〈…〉 vnto the same It is oft â—…ounde likewise that diuers 〈…〉 haue one measure to 〈◊〉 by and another to buy withall the lyke is also in weightes Wherfore it were verye good that these two were reduced vnto one standerd that is one bushell one pound one quarter one huÌ„dred one tale one number so should things in time fal into better order fewer causes of contention be mooued in this land But more of this herafter in the next booke where I haue inserted a litle treatize which I sometimes collected of our weights measures and their comparison with those of the auncient Gréekes and Romaines To coÌ„clude therfore in our markets all things are to be solde necessarie for mans vse and there is our prouision made commonly for all the wéeke insuing Therefore as there are no great townes without one wéekely market at the least so there are very fewe of them that haue not one or twoo fayres or more within the compasse of the yeare assigned vnto them by the prince And albeit that some of them are not much better then the common kirkemesses beyonde the sea yet there are diuers not inferiour vnto the greatest martes in Europe as Sturbridge Faire neare to Cambridge Bartholomewe fayre at London Linne mart Cold fayre at Newport pond for cattell and diuers other all which or at the leastwyse the greatest part of them to the end I may with the more ease to the reader lesse trauayle to my self fulfill my taske in their recitall I haue set down according to y e names of the monethes wherin they are holden at y e end of this booke where you shall finde them at large as I borowed the same froÌ„ Stow. Of Armour and Munition Cap. 12. HOw well or how strongly our countrey hath béene furnished in tymes past with armor and artillery it lyeth not in me as of my selfe to make rehearsall Yet that it lacked both in the late tyme of Quéene Mary not onely thexperience of myne elders but also the talke of certaine Spaniards not yet forgotten dyd leaue some manifest notice Vpon the first I néede not stand for few wil denye it For the seconde I haue hearde that when one of the greatest péeres of Spaine espyed our nakednesse in this behalfe and did solemnely vtter in no obscure place that it shoulde be an easie matter in shorte tyme to coÌ„quere England bycause it wanted armor his words were
farre as I can deale with the same ¶ Of the Antiquities or auncient Coines found in England Cap. 17. HAuing take some occasion to speak here and there in thys treatize of Antiquities it shall not be amysse to deale yet more in this chapter with some of them apart by themselues whereby the secure authoririe of the Romaines ouer thys Island maye in some cases more manifestly appéere For such was theyr possession of this Islande on this side of the Tynethat they helde not one or two or a fewe places onely vnder there subiection but all the whole countrey from the east to west from the Tyne to the British Sea so that there was no region voyd of theyr gouernaunce notwythstanding that vntil the death of Lucius extinction of his issue they did permit y e successors of Lud Cimbaelyne to reigne rule amongst theÌ„ though vnder a certeine tribute as else where I haue declared The chief cause that vrgeth me to speake of Antiquities is the paines that I haue taken to gather great numbers of them togither entending if euer my Chronology shal happeÌ„ to come abroad to set downe the liuely protraitures of euery Emperour ingraued in the same also the faces of Pompey Crassus the seauen kinges of the romaines Cicero and diuers other which I haue prouided ready for the purpose beside the monuments liuely Images of sundrye Philosophers and Kinges of thys Islande sithens the time of Edwarde the confessor whereof although presently I want a fewe yet I doe not doubt but to obtaine them all if eyther friendeship or money shall be able to preuaile But as it hath done hetherto so the charges to be employed vpon these brasen or coper Images will hereafter put by the impression of my booke whereby it maye come to passe that long trauaile shall soone prooue to be spent in vaine and much cost come to very small successe whereof yet I force not greatly sith by this meanes I haue reaped some commoditie vnto my selfe by searching of the histories which often mynister store of examples ready to be vsed as occasion shall compell me But to procéede with my purpose Before the comming of the Romains ther was a kind of copper money currant herein bryteine as Caesar confesseth in y e sith booke of his comentaries whervnto he addeth a report of certeine rings of a proportionate weight which they vsed in his time in stéed likewise of money But as hetherto it hath not béene my lucke to haue the certeine viewe of any of these so after the coÌ„ming of y e Romaines they inforced vs to abandon our owne and receiue such imperiall coine as for the payment of y e Legions was daily brought ouer vnto vs. What coynes y e romaines had it is easie to be knowne froÌ„ time to time much of it is founde in manye places of this Islande aswell of Golde and Siluer as of copper brasse and other mettall much lyke stéele almost of euery Emperour so that I account it no rare thyng to haue of the Romaine coyne albeit that it stil represent an ymage of our captiuity maye be a good admonition for vs to take heede howe we yéelde our selues to the regiment of straungers Of the store of these monies found vpon the Kentishe coast I haue already made mencion in the description of Richborowe and chapiter of Isles Adiacent vnto the Brittish Albion and there shewed also howe simple fisher men haue had plentye of them and that the very conyes in makyng profers and holes to bréede in haue scraped them out of the grounde in very great abundance In speaking also af S. Albanes in the chapter of townes and villages I haue not omitted to tell what plenty of these coynes haue béene gathered there wherfore I shall not néede here to repeate the same againe Howbeit this is certaine that the most part of all these Antiquities to be founde with in the lande distant from the shore are to be gotten eyther in the ruines of auncient Cities Townes decayed or in inclosed borowes where their legions acustomed sometime to winter as by experience is dailye confirmed What store hath béene séene of them in the citie of London which they called Augusta of the Legion that soiourned there likewise in Yorke named also Victrix of the Legion Victoria or Altera Roma because of beautie and fine buylding of the same I my selfe can partely witnesse that haue séene and often had of them if better testimony were waÌ„ting The like I may affirme of Colchester where those of Claudius Hadriane Traiane Vespasian and other are oftentymes plowed vp or founde by other meanes also of Cantorbury Andreschester now decayed Rochester then called Durobreuum Winchester and diuers other beyonde the Thames which for breuities sake I doe passe ouer in silence onely the chiefe of all where most are founde in deede is néere vnto Carleon Cairgwent in Southwales about Kenchester thrée myles aboue Hereforde Aldborow Ancaster Bramdon Dodington Cirnechester Binchester Camalet Lacock vpoÌ„ Auon Lincolne Dorchester Warwick Chester where they are often had in verye great abundaunce It séemeth that Ancaster hath béen a great thing for many square coloured pauemeÌ„ts vaults and arches are yet found ofâ—… layde open by such as digge and plowe in the fieldes about the same amongst these one Vresby or Roseby a plowmaÌ„ did ere vp not loÌ„g since a stone lyke a troughe couered wyth an other stone wherein was great abundaunce of the aforesayde coynes the lyke also was seene not yet fourtie yeare agone about Grantham but in kyng Henryes the eyght hys dayes an husbandman had far better lucke at Hariestone two miles from the aforesaid place where he founde not only great store of this coyne but also an huge brasse pot and therein a large helmet of pure golde rychely fretted wyth pearle set with all kindes of costly stones he tooke vppe also cheanes much lyke vnto beades of siluer all which as being if a man might gesse any certaintie by their beautie not likely to be long hidden he presented to Quéene Catherine then lying at Peterborow and therewithall a few auncient rowles of Parchment written long agone though so defaced with mouldinesse and rotten for age that no man coulde well holde them in hys hand without falling into péeces much lesse reade them by reason of their blindnesse In the beginning of the same kinges dayes also at Killey a man fouÌ„d as he eared an arming girdle harnised wyth pure golde a great massy pomell with a crosse hilt for a sworde of the same mettalle beside studdes and harnesse for spurres and the huge long spurres also of lyke stuffe wherof doctor Ruthall got part into his handes The borowghes or buries whereof I spake before were certaine plots of ground wherein the Romaine souldiours dyd vse to lye when they kept in the open fieldes as chosen places from whence they might haue easie accesse vnto their
other mens occasioÌ„ or throwgh their own default 〈…〉 By other mens occasion as one way for example when some couetous man espying a further commoditie in theyr commons holdes and tenures doth find such meanes as therby to wipe many out of their occupyings turne the same vnto their priuate gaynes Herevpon it followeth that although the wise better minded At 〈…〉 these 〈…〉 do so behaue themselues that they are worthyly to be accompted among the second sort yet the greater part commoÌ„ly hauing nothing to stay vpon are wilfull and thervpoÌ„ doe eyther prooue idle beggers or else continue starke théeues till the gallowes doe eate them vp Such as are ydle beggers thorow theyr owne default are of two sortes and coÌ„tinue theyr estates either by casual or â—…ere voloÌ„tary meanes Those that are such by casuall meanes are iustly to be referred either to the first or second sort of poore but degenerating into the thriftlesse sort they doe what they can to coÌ„tinue their miserie with such impediments as they haue to stray and wader about as creatures abhorring all labour and euery honest exercise Certes I call these casuall meanes not in respect of the originall of their pouertie but of the continuance of the same from whence they will not be deliuered thorow their owne vngracious lewdnesse and froward disposition The voluÌ„tary meanes procede froÌ„ outwarde causes as by making of corrosiues and applying the same to y e more fleshie parts of their bodies and also laying of Ratsbane Sperewoort Crowfoote and such like vnto theyr whole meÌ„bers thereby to raise piteous and odious sores and mooue the goers by such places where they lie to lament their miserie and bestowe large almes vppon them Vnto this neast is another sort to be referred more sturdie then the rest which hauing sound and perfite lymmes doe yet notwithstanding sometime counterfâ—…ict the possession of al sortes of diseases Diuers times in their apparell they will be like seruing men or labourers Often tymes they can play the mariners and séeke for ships which they neuer lost But in fine they are all théeues and Caterpillers in the common wealth and by the word of God not permitted to eate sith they doe but licke the sweate from the true laborers browes and bereue y e godly of that which is due vnto theÌ„ to mainteine their excesse consuming the charitie of well disposed people bestowed vpon them after a most wicked horrible and detestable maner It is not yet .50 yeares sith this trade began but how it hath prospered sithens that tyme it is easye to iudge for they are nowe supposed of one sexe and another to amount vnto aboue .10000 persons as I haue harde reported Moreouer in counterfaiting the Egyptian roges they haue deuised a laÌ„guage among themselues which they name Gaâ—…ting but other pedlars Frenche A speache compact 30. yeares since of English a great nomber of odde words of their owne diuising without all order or reason and yet such is it as none but themselues are able to vnderstand The first deuiser thereof was hanged by the necke a iust reward no doubt for his desartes and a common ende to all of that profession â—…homas â—â—rman A Gentleman also of late hath tâ—…ken great paines to search out the secrete practizes of this vngracious rable And among other things he setteth downe and describeth .22 sortes of them whose names it shal not be amisse to remeÌ„ber whereby each one may gather what wicked people they are and what villany remaineth in them The seueral disorders and degrees amongst our idle vagabonds 1. Rufflers 2. Vprightmen 3. Hookers or Anglers 4. Roges 5. Wilde Roges 6. Priggers of prauÌ„cers 7. Palliardes 8. Fraters 9. Abrams 10. Freshwater mariners or whipiackes 11. Dummerers 12. Dronken Tinkars 13 Swadders or pedlers 14 Iackemen or patricoes Of vvomen kinde 1. Demaunders for glimmar or fire 2. Bawdie baskets 3. Mortes 4. Autem Mortâ—â— 5. Waâ—…king Mortâ—â— 6. Dores 7. Delles 8. Kinching Mortes 9. Kinching Cooes The punishment that is ordained for this kind of people is very sharpe and yet it can not restraine them froÌ„ their gadding wherfore the ende must néedes be Martiall lawe to be exercised vpon them as vpon théeues robbers despisers of all lawes and enemies to the commoÌ„ wealth and welfare of y e land What notable roberies pâ—â—feries 〈…〉 rapes and stealings of children they doe vse which they disfigure to begg withal I nede not to rehearse but for their idle râ—…ging about the countrie the law ordeineth this maner of correction The Roge being appreheÌ„ded committed to prison and tried in y e next assizes whether they be of Gâ—…ole deliuerie or seâ—â—ions of the pear if he happen to be conuicted for a vagabond either by inquest of office or the testimonie of two honest and credible witnesses vpon theyr other he is then immediatly adiudged to be gréeuously whipped burned thorow the gristell of the right eare w t an hot iron of the compasse of an inch about as a manifestation of his wicked life and due punishment receyued for the same And this iudgement is to be executed vpon him except sâ—…me honest person worth fiue poundeâ—◠〈◊〉 the Quéenes bookes in goods or twentie shillings in lands or some rich â—…ousholder to be aâ—â—owed by the Iustices wil be bouÌ„d in a recognisance to retaine him in his seruice for one whole yeare If he be takeÌ„ the seconde time and proued to haue forsaken his sayd seruice he shall then be whipped againe bored likewise thorowe the other eare and sette to seruice from whence if he depotte before a yeare be expired and happen afterward to be attached againe he is condemned to suffer paines of death as a fellâ—â— except before excepted without benefite of clergie or sanctuarie as by the statute doth appere Among roges and idle persons finally we finde to be comprised al Proctors that go vp and downe with counterfeit licences Cosiuers and suche as go about the countrey vsing vnlawfull games practizers of Phisâ—…ognomie and Palmestrie teâ—â—ers of fortunes â—…enâ—…ers bearwards players minstrelâ—…s iugglers pedlers tinkers schollers shipmen prisoners gathering for fées and others so oft as they be taken without sufficient licence Each one also that harboroweth or aideth them with meat or money is tared and compelled to fine with the Quéenes maiestie for euery time that he shall so succoure them as it shall please the Iustices of peace to assigne so that the taxation excéede not xx shillings as I haue bene informed And thus much of the poore and such prouision as to appoynted for them within the Realme of England Of sundrie punishments appoynted for malefactors Cap. 6. THe greatest and most gréeuous punishment vsed in EnglaÌ„d for such as offend against the state is drawne from the prisone to the place of execution vpon an hardle or Sled where they are hanged til they be half dead and then taken downe and quartered after that their meÌ„bers and
bowels are cut from their bodies and throwne into a fire prouided neare hand and within sight euen for the same purpose Sometimes if the trespasse be not the more hainous they are suffred to hang til they be quite dead and when so euer any of the Nobilitie are conuicted of high treason this maner of their death is coÌ„uerted into the losse of their heads onely notwithstanding that the sentence doe runne after the former order In triall of cases coÌ„cerning treason fellonie or any other gréeuous cryme the partie accused doth yelde yf he be a noble man to be tryed by his Péeres if a gentleman by gentlemen and an inferiour by God and by the countrie and being condemned of fellonie manslaughter c. he is eftsoones hanged by the necke til he be dead and then cut downe and buryed But yf he be conuicted of wilfull murder he is eyther hanged aliue in chaynes néere the place where the facte was commytted or else first strangeled with a rope and so continueth till his bones consume to nothing We haue vse neither of the whéele nor of y e barre as in other countries but when wilfull manslaughter is perpetrated beside hanging the Offendour hath his right hande commonly stricken of at the place where the acte was done after which he is led foorth to the place of execution there put to death according to the law Vnder the worde fellonie are manie grieuous crimes contained as breche of pryson An. 1. of Edward the second Disfigurers of y e Princes lege people An. 5. of Henry the fourth Hunting by nyght wyth painted faces and Visours An. 1. of Henry the seuenth Rape or stealing of women and maydens An. 3. of Henry the eight Conspiracy against the person of the Prince An. 3. of Henry the seauenth Embefilling of goodes committed by the maister to the seruaunt aboue the value of fourtie shillings An. 17. of Henry the eyght Carying of horses or mares into Scotland An. 23. of Henry the eyght Sodomy and Buggery An 25. of Henrye the eyght Stealing of Hawkes egges An. 31. of Henry the eyght CoÌ„suring sorcerie Witchcrafte and digging vp of Crosses An. 33. of Henry the eyght Prophecying vpoÌ„ armes cognisaunces names and badges An. 33. of Henry y e eyght Casting of slanderous billes An. 37. of Henry y e eyght Wilfull killing by poyson An. 1. of Edward y e sixt Departure of a soldier froÌ„ the field An. 2. of Edward y e sixt Diminution of câ—…yâ—… al offences within casâ—… premunire embeseling of recordes goodes taken froÌ„ dead men by their seruaunts stealing of whatsoeuer cattell robbing by the high way vpon the sea or of dwelling houses letting out of pondes cutting of purses stealing of Déere by night counterfectous 〈◊〉 coyne â–ª euidences charters and writings diuers other néedlesse to be remembred Periury is punished by the pillorie burning in the forehead w t the letter P. and losse of all y e mooueables Many trespasses also are punished by y e cutting of one or both eares from the heade of the offendour as the vtteraunce of sedicious words against the maiestrates fraymakers pettie robbers c. Roges are burned thorow the eares caryers of shéepe out of the land by the losse of their haÌ„ds such as kill by poyson are eyther skalded to death in lead or séething water Heretiks are burned quicke harlottes their mates by carting ducking and dooing of open pennaunce are often put to rebuke Such as kill theÌ„selues are buryed in the fielde with a stake driuen thorow their bodies Witches are hanged or sometymes burned but théeues are haÌ„ged euery where generally sauing in Halifax where they are beheaded after a straÌ„ge maner wherof I find this report There is hath ben of ancient tyme a law or rather a custome at Halifax that whosoeuer doth coÌ„mit any fellony and is taken with the same or confesse the facte vpon examination yf it by valued by fower counstables to amount to the somme of thirtéene pence halfe peny he is forthw t beheaded vpon the next market day which fall vsually vppon the tuesdayes thursdayes and saterdayes or else vpon the same day y t he is so conuicted yf market be then holdeÌ„ The engine wherw t the execution is done is a square blocke of wood of the length of foure foote and an halfe which doeth ryde vp and downe in a slot rabet or regall betwéene twoo péeces of timber that are framed and set vpright of fiue yards in height In the neather ende of the slyding blocke is an Axe keyed or fastened wyth Iron into the wood which being drawne vp to the top of the frame is there fastned with a woodden pinne the one ende set on a péece of woodde which goeth crosse ouer y e two rabets the other ende being let into the blocke holding the Axe with a notche made into the same after the maner of a Sampsons post vnto the middest of which pinne there is a long rope fastened that commeth downe among the people so that when the offendour hath made his confession and hath layde his neck ouer the neathermost blocke euery man there present doth eyther take hold of y e rope or putteth foorth his arme so néere to y e same as he can get in token that he is willing to sée true iustice executed and pulling out the pinne in this maner y e head blocke wherin the axe is fastened doth fall downe wyth such a violence that yf the necke of the transgressour were so bigge as that of a bull it should be cut in sunder at a strocke and roll from the bodie by an huge distaunce If it be so that the offendour be apprehended for an oxe or oxeÌ„ shéepe kine horse or any such cattell the selfe Beast or other of the same kinde haue the ende of the rope tyed somewhere vnto them so that they drawe out the pin whereby the offendour is executed And thus much of Halifax law which I set down onely to shew the custome of that country in this behalfe Roges and vagabondes are often stocked and whipped scoldes are ducked vpon cuckingstooles in the water Such fellons as stand mute and speake not at their arraynement are pressed to death by huge weightes and these commonly holde theyr peace thereby to saue their goodes vnto their wyues and children which yf they were condemned shoulde be confiscated to the prince Théeues that are saued by their bookes and cleargie are burned in the left hande vppon the brawne of the thombe with an hote IroÌ„ so that yf they be apprehended agayne that marke bewrayeth them to haue béene arrayned of fellonie before whereby they are sure at that time to haue no mercy I do not read that this custome of sauing by the booke is vsed any where else then in Englande neyther doe I finde after much diligent inquiry what Saxon Prince ordayned that lawe Howbeit this I generally gather therof that it was deuised at the first to traine the inhabiters
ouer with that nauie which was rigged on the coasts of Flanders or with some other I will not presume to affirme eyther to or froÌ„ bicause in deed Mamertinus 〈…〉 expresse mention either of Alectus or Asclepiodotus but notwithstanding it is euident by that which is coÌ„teined in his oration that 〈◊〉 Maximian but some other of his caâ—…itâ—…ng gouerned y e armie whiche slewe Alecâ—…us 〈…〉 we may suppose that Asclepiodotus was 〈◊〉 â—…ain ouer some number of ships directed to Maximinians appointment to passe ouer into this yle against the same Alectus and so may this which Maâ—…rtinus writeth agree with the truth of that whiche we fynd in Eutropius Here is to be remeÌ„bred Eutropius y t after Maximianus had thus recouered Britain out of ther 〈…〉 rule therof froÌ„ the Romans it shuld seem y t not only great numbers of artificers other people were conueyed ouer into Gallia there to inhabite and furnish such cities as were run into decay but also a power of warlike youthes was transported thither to defend the countrey from the inuasion of barbarous nations For we fynd that in the dayes of this Maximian the Britons expulsing the NeruiaÌ„s out of the citie of Mons in Henand held a castell there whiche was called Bretaiâ—â—ns after them wherevpon the citie was afterwarde called Mons reteyning the last sillable only as in such cases it hath ofteÌ„ hapned Moreouer this is not to be forgotten y t as Homf Llhuyd hath very wel noted in his book intitled Fragmentae historiae Britannicae Mamertinus in this parcell of his panegerike oration doth make first meÌ„tion of the nation of Picts of al other the ancient Roman writers so that not one before his tyme once nameth eyther Picts or Scots But now to returne wher we left After that Britain was thus recouered by the Romains Diocletian MaximiaÌ„ caling the Empire the I le tasted of the crueltie that Diorclesian exercised agaynste the Christians in persecutyng them wyth all extremityes continually for the space of ten yeeres Moreouer a great nuÌ„ber of Christians which were assembled togither to heare the word of lyfe preached by that vertuous manne Amphibalus were slayn by the wicked Pagans at Lychfield wherof that towne toke name as you wold say The field of dead corpses To be briefe this persecution was so greate greuous Gildas and therto so vniuersall that in maner the ChristiaÌ„ religion was therby destroyed The faithfull people were slayne their bookes brâ—â—t 〈…〉 churches ouerthrown It is recorded that 〈◊〉 in one monethes space in dyuers places of the worlde there were .xvij. M. godlye menne and women put to death for professing the christian faith in the dayes of that tyrant Dioclesian and his fellowe Maximian Coellus COellus Coellâ—… Earle of Colchester began hys dominion ouer the Brytons in the yeare of our Lord .262 262. 〈◊〉 This Coellus or Coell ruled the lande for a certayne tyme so as the Brytons were well contentented with his gouernement and lyued the longer in rest from inuasion of the Romains bicause they were occupied in other places but finally they findyng tyme for their purpose apointed one Constantius to passe ouer into this Isle with an armie the which Constantius put Coelus in suche dread that immediatly vpon his arriuall Coellus sent to him an ambassade and coÌ„cluded a peace with him couenaÌ„ting to pay y e accustomed tribute Caâ—… Galfrid and gaue to Constantius his daughter in mariage called Helene a noble Lady and a lerned Shortly after king Coell dyed after he had reigned as some write .27 yeares 〈◊〉 Caâ—â—â— or as other haue but 13. yeares Of the regiment of thys Prince Harrison maketh no mention in his Chronologie But verily if I shall speake what I thinke I will not denye but assuredly suche a Prince there was howbeit that he had a daughter named Helene whome hee maried vnto Constantius the Romain lieutenant that was after Emperour I leaue that to be decided of the learned For if the whole course of the lyues as well of the father and sonne Constantius and Constantine as lykewyse of the mother Helena bee considerately marked from tyme to tyme and yeare to yeare as out of authors both Greeke and latine y e same may be gathered I feare least such doubt may ryse in this matter that it wil be harder to proue Helene a Britayne than Constantine to be borne in Bithynia as Nicephorus auoncheth but for somuche as I meane not to steppe from the course of oure countreye writers in suche poynts Lib. 7. cap. 1. where the receyued opinion maye seeme to warrant the credite of the historie Iâ—â— with other admit bothe the mother and sonne to be Britons in the whole discourse of the historie following as thoughe I hadde forgot what iâ—… this place I haue sayd Constantius But as touching his reigne ouer the Britons wee haue not to saye further than as we fynde in our owne writers recorded but for his gouernment in the empire it is to be considered that first he was admitted to rule as an assistaÌ„t to Maximian vnder y e title of Cesar so from that time if you shall accompt his reigne it may comprehend xj xij or .xiij. yeares yea more or lesse according to the diuersitie founde in writers But if we shal recken his reign from the time onely that Diocletian and Maximian resigned their title to the Empire VVil. Haris we shall fynde that he reigned not fully .iij. yeares For where as betweene the slaughter of Alectus and the comming of Constantius are accompted .8 yeeres and odde monethes not only those .8 yeeres but also some space of tyme before maye be asended vnto Constantius for although before his comming ouer into Britayn now this last tyme for he had bin here afore as it well appeareth Asclepâ—…odetus gouerned as Legate albeit vnder Constantius who had a greate portion of the west partâ—…es of the empire vnder his regiment by the title as I haue sayd of Cesar although he was not sayde to reigne absolutelye till Diocletian and Maximian resigned wherof it is not amisse to giue this briefe aduertisement accordyng as in William Harrisons Chronologie is sufficiently proued But now to coÌ„clude with the doings of ConstaÌ„tius at leÌ„gth he fel sick at Yorke and there dyed about the yeare of our Lord .306 306. This is not to be forgotten that whylest hee lay on his death bed somewhat before he departed this life hearing that his sonne Constantine was come escaped from the emperours Diocletian Maximianus with whome he remained as a pledge as after shall be partly touched â–ª he receyued him with all ioye and raising himselfe vp in his bed in presence of his other sonnes and counsellours with a greate number of other people and strangers that wer come to visit him he sit the crowne vpon his sonnes head and adorned him with other imperiall roabes and garmentes executing as it were
and brought to ConstaÌ„tinople where it was eftsoones enterred Hir son the Emperour Constantine lyued tyll about the yeare of Christe .340 and then deceassed at Nicomedia in Asia 〈…〉 after he had ruled the Empire xxxj yeares and odde monethes We fynde not in the Romain writers of any greate sturre here in Britayne during his reigne more than that whiche the Britishe and Scottishe writers haue recorded so that after Traherne had reduced this land to quietnesse it may be supposed that the Brytons liued in reste vnder his gouernement and lykewyse after vnder his sonnes that succeeded him in the Empire till about the yeare .360 360. Harâ—… at what tyme the Picts and Scottes inuaded the south partes of the land as hereafter in place shall further appeare Also there is mencion made by writers of certaine godlie learned men whiche liued in offices in the Churche in these dayes as Restitutus bishop of London whiche wente ouer to the Synode holdeÌ„ at Arles in France and also one Kybius Corinnius that was son to Salomon duke of Cornewall and bishop of Anglesey and instructed the people whiche inhabited in the partes now called Northwales and them of Anglesey aforesayd verie diligently But now to speake somwhat of things chancing in Britain about this season as we find recorded by y e Romain writers some trouble was likely to haue grown vnto the Britons by receiuing certain men of warre that fled out of Italie into Britayn Marcelliâ—… lib. 1â—… Paâ—…â—…rie whom the Emperor Constantius would haue punished bycause they had takeÌ„ part with Maxentius his aduersarie Paulus a Spaniard and Notarie was sente ouer by him with coÌ„mission to make enquirie of them and to see them brought to light to answer their transgressions which Paulus began to deale roughly in the matter wherof he was called Caâ—…era and to rage against the Britons and partakers with the fugitiues in that they had receiued maynteyned them as he alledged Martinus liâ—…tenant but in the end being certified by Martinus the lieutenant of their innocencie and fearing least his extreme rigours mighte alienate the heartes of the inhabitauntes altogither and didde cause them to withdrawe their obedience from the Romaine Empire hee tourned the execution of hys furie from them vnto the Romaines and made hauocke of those whiche he suspected till the said Martinus fell at square with him and thinking on a tyme to kill him he drew his sword smote at him but such was his age weakenes y t he was not able to kil or giue him any deadly wound wherfore he turned y e point of his sword against himself so ended his life being conteÌ„ted rather to die than see his countreymen subiects of the empire so to be abused After this the said Paulus returned backe again into Italy froÌ„ wheÌ„ce he came after whose departure it was not long ere he also was slain and then al the Scots Picts sore disquieted the Romain subiects for the suppressing of whose attempts Lupicinus was sent ouer out of Gallia by Iulianus as shal be declared out of Amianus Marcellinus after wee haue firste shewed what we find written in our owne writers concerning the Scots Pictes who nowe began to robbe spoile the British inhabitants within the Romain prouinces here in this yle that euen in most outragious maner Maximianus or rather Maximus Betwixte him and the abouenamed Conan Meridoc duke of Cornwall chaunced strife and debate so that Conan got him into Scotlande and there purchasing ayde returned and coming ouer Humber wasted the countrey on eche side Maximianus therof hauing aduertisement reysed his power and went against him and so fighting with him diuers batayles sometime departed away with victorie and somtime with losse At length through mediation of frends a peace was accorded betwixt theÌ„ Finally this Maximianus or as the Romaine histories haue Maximus was by the souldioures chosen and proclaimed Emperour here in Britayne although some write that this was done in Spayn After he had taken vpon him the imperial dignitie vpon desire to haue enlarged his dominion Galfr. Mon. Fabian Caxton Mat. VVest The Britishe youth led forth of the realme by Maximianus hee assembled togyther all the chosen youthe of thys lande meete to doe seruice in the warres with the whiche hee passed ouer into Fraunce and there as our writers recorde he first subdued the countrey aunciently called Armorica slew in bataile the king therof called Imball This done he gaue y e country vnto Conan Meridock Britayne in France the whiche was there with hym to hold the same of him of the kings of great Britayne for euer He also commaunded that the sayde countrey from thenceforth should be called Little Britaine and so was the name changed What people so euer inhabited there before the ancient name argueth that they were rather Britons than anye other for Armorica in the Britishe tong signifieth as muche as a countrey lying vpon the sea Conan then placing himself and his Britons in y t quarter of Gallia auoyded all the old inhabitaÌ„ts peopling y e couÌ„try only w t BritoÌ„s which abhorring to ioyn themselues with women born in Gallia Conan was counsailed to sende into Britayn for maydes to be coupled with his people in mariage Dionethus duke of Cornvvall Herevpon a messenger was dispatched vnto Dionethus at that tyme Duke of Cornewal gouernor of Britayn vnder Maximianus Maydes sente foorth requiring him to sende ouer into little Britaine .xj. thousand maydes that is to witte viij M. to be bestowed vpon the meaner forte of Conans people and .iij. thousand to be ioyned in mariage with the nobles and Gentlemen Dronethus to satisfie the Conans request assembled the appoynted number of maydes and amongst them he also appointed his daughter Vrsula a lady of excelleÌ„t beautie to go ouer to be giuen in mariage vnto the foresayd Conan Meridock as he had earnestly requested These number of maydes were shipped in Thames and passing forewarde toward Britayne were by force of wether and rage of winde scattered abrode and part of them drowned Vrsula the daughter of Dionethus the residue amongst whom was the forsayd Vrsula were slayn by Guanius king of the Hunnes and Melga king of the Picts into whose hands they fell the which Guanius and Melga were sent by the emperor Gratian to the sea coasts of Germanye to oppresse subdue all such as were frendes maynteyners of the part of Maximus We fynde in some bookes that there were sent ouer at that tyme .lj. M. maydes that is to say xj M. of Gentlewomen and .xl. M. of others After that Guanius and Melga had murthered the foresayd Virgins Guanius and Melga they entred into the north partes of Britayn where the Scots now inhabite and beganne to make sore warre on the Britons whereof when Maximus was aduertised hee sente into Britayne one Gratianus with three Legions of Souldiours the whiche bare
deathe for eyther are wee slayne or drowned and agaynste such euils haue we no remedie nor help at all Therefore in respect of your clemencie succoure youre owne wee most instantly require you c. But notwithstanding that the Britaine 's thus sought for ayde at the handes of Aetius The Britayne could get no ayde from thâ—… Romaynes as then the Emperours Lieutenaunte yet coulde they none get either for that Actius woulde not as he that passed little howe things wente bicause he bare displeasure in his mind against Valentinianus as the Emperour or else for that he could not being otherwise constreyned to employ al his forces in other places against such barbarous nations as then inuaded the Romane Empire And so by y e meanes was Britayne lost the tribute whiche the Britaynes were accustomed to paye vnto the Romaynes ceassed iust a fiue hundred yeares after that Iulius Cesar firste entred the Isle The Britaynes being thus put to their shifts many of them as hunger staruen were constreyned to yeeld themselues into the haÌ„ds of their enimies where other yet keeping within the Mountaynes wooddes and caues brake out as occasion serued vpon their aduersaries and then first saith Gildas did the Britaynes not putting their trust in man but in God according to the saying of Philo where mans help faileth it is needeful that Gods help be present make slaughter of their enimies that hadde bin accustomed many yeares to robbe and spoyle them in manner as before is recited Punishment ceasteth but sin encreaseâ—… and so the bolde attemptes of the enemies ceassed for a time but the wickednesse of the Brittishe people ceassed not at all The enimies departed out of the lande but the inhabitantes departed not from their naughtye doings beeyng not so ready to putte backe the common enimies as to exercise ciuill warre and discord amongst themselues The wicked Irishe people departed home to make returne againe within a while after 〈…〉 But the Pictes 〈◊〉 themselues firste in that season in the vttermost boundes of the Isle and there continued making reyses oftentimes vppon theyr neyghbours and spoyling them of their goodes This with more also hath Gildas and lykewise Beda written of this great desolation of the Brittish people Galfridus Gildas his â—…ords are to â—…e considered wherein if the wordes of Gildas be well wayed and consydered of it may leade vs to thinke that the Scottes hadde no habitacions heere in Britayne but only in Irelande till after this season and that at this presente time the Pictes whiche before inhabited within the Isles of Orkney now placed themselues in the North partes of Scotland and after by processe of time came and nestled themselues in Louthian in the Mers and other couÌ„treys more neere to our bordures But to procede The Brittish histories affirme that whilest the Britaynes were thus persecuted by those two most cruell and fierce nations the Scottes and Pictes the noble and chiefest men amongst them consulted togither and concluded to sende an honorable Ambassade vnto Aldroenus as then King of little Brittayne in Gallia An ambassade â—…ent from the Britaynes vnto Aldroenus King of Britaine in FraÌ„ce which Aldroenus was the fourth from Conam Meridoc the first King there of the British nation Of this Ambassade the Archbishop of London named Guetheline or Gosseleyne was appoynted for chiefe and principall the whiche passing ouer into little Britaine and comming before the presence of Aldroenus so declared the effect of hys message that his suite was graunted For Aldroenus agreed to send his brother CoÌ„stantine ouer into great Britayne with a conuenient power Constantine the brother of Aldroenus vppon condition that the victory beeing obteyned againste the enimies the Brittaynes should make hym Kyng of greate Brittayne Thus it is apparant that this lande of Brittayne was withoute any certayne gouernoure A digâ—… after that Gracian the vsurper was dispatched certaine yeares togither but how many yeares writers in their accompt varry Fabian gathereth by sundry coniectures Fabian that the space betwixte the deathe of Gracian and the beginning of the raigne of the sayd Constantine brother of Aldroenus continued nine and thirtie yeares during whiche time the Britaynes were sore and miserably afflicted by the inuasions of the Scottes and Pictes as before ye haue hearde by testimonies taken out of Beda Gildas Geffrey of Monmouth and other writers of the Brittishe and English histories But nowe sith no mention is made of the Scottes in oure histories till the dayes of Maximus the vsurper or Tyrante as some call him Maximus whyche beganne hys raigne here in Britaine about the yeare of oure Lorde .383 383 and that tyll after hee had bereft the lande of the chiefest forces thereof in taking the most parte of the youth ouer with him wee fynde not in the same histories of any troubles wroughte to the Britaynes by that nation Therefore we haue thought good herre to come backe to the former tymes that wee maye shewe what is found mentioned in the Romaine histories both before that time and after as well concerning the Scottes and Pictes Ammianus Marcellinus lib. 20. The Empeâ—… Iulianus as also the Saxons and especially in Ammianus Marcellinus where in the beginning of his twentith booke entreating of the doyngs of the Emperoure Iulianus hee hathe these wordes in effect as followe In this state stoode thyngs in Illirâ—… or Slauonia and in the East partes at what tyme CoÌ„stantius bare the office of Consull the tenth time and Iulianus the thirde tyme that is to witte in the yeare of our Lord 360 360. when in Britaine quietnesse beeing disturbed by roades made by the Scottes and Pictes which are wilde and sauage people â—…ottes and â—…ictes trouâ—…e the state 〈◊〉 this Isle the frountiers of the contrey were wasted and feare oppressed the prouinces awearied with the heape of passed losses The Emperour hee meaneth Iulianus as then remayning at Paris and hauing his minde troubled with many cares doubted to goe to the ayde of them beyond the Sea as we haue shewed that Constantius dyd least hee shoulde leaue them in Gallia withoute a Ruler the Almaynes beeyng euen then prouoked and stirred vp to crueltie and warre Lupicinus sent into Britayne Hee thoughte good therefore to sende Lupicinus vnto these places to bring things into frame and order whiche Lupicinus was at that time master of the armory a warlike person and skilfull in all poyntes of chiualrie but proude and high minded beyonde measure and such one as it was doubted long whether he was more couetous or cruell Heerevppon the sayde Lupicinus setting forwarde the lighte armed menne of the Heruli and Bataui Bataui nowe Hollanders with diuers companies also of the people of Mesia now called Bulgarie When winter was well entred and come on hee came himselfe to Bulleigne and there prouiding Shippes and embarquing his men when the winde serued hys purpose
required to haue one Ciuilis by name sent to hym to haue the rule of the prouinces in Britayne in steede of the other gouernours Theodos◅ required to haue Ciuilis sent to him a man of sharpe witte and an earnest maynteyner of iustice Hee likewise required that one Dulcitius a Captayne renoumed in knowledge of warlike affayres Dulcitius mighte bee sente ouer to him for his better assistance These things were done in Britayne Agayne in hys eyght and twentie booke the same Marcellinus reciting further what the same Theodosius dyd atchieue in Britaine hath in effect these wordes Theodosius verily a Captayne of worthy fame taking a valiant courage to hym and departing from Augusta London cal◅ Augusta whyche men of olde tyme called London with Souldiers assembled by greate diligence did succoure and releeue greatly the decayed and troubled state of the Britaynes preuenting euery conuenient place where the barbarous people myghte lye in wayte to doe mischiefe and nothing hee commanded the mean Souldiers to doe but that which he with a cheerefull mind would firste take in hand to shew them an example By this meanes accomplishing the roomth of a valiant Souldier and fulfilling the charge of a noble Captayne hee discomfyted and putte to flight sundry nations whome presumption nourished by securitie emboldned to inuade the Romayne prouinces And so the Cities and Castels that had bin sore endomaged by manyfolde losses and displeasures were restored to their former state of welth y e foundation of rest and quietnesse being layde for a long season after to ensue But as these things were a doing a wicked practise was in hande lyke to haue burst forth to the grieuous daunger of setting things in broyle if it had not beene stayed euen in the beginning of the first attempt Valentinus Valeria now ◅tiermarke There was one Valentinus borne in the parties of Valeria adioyning to Pannonia now called Stiermarke a man of a prowde and loftie stomacke brother to the wyfe of Maximinus which Valentinus for some notable offence had beene banished into Brytayne where the naughtie man that coulde not rest in quiet deuised how by some commotion hee might destroy Theodosius who as he sawe was onely able to resist his wicked purposes And going about many things both priuily and apertly the force of his vnmeasurable desire to mischief stil encreasing he sought to procure aswell other that were in semblable wise banished men and inclined to mischiefe lyke to him selfe as also diuerse of the souldiers alluring them as the time serued with large promises of great wealth if they would ioyne with hym in that enterpryse But euen now in the verie nicke when they should haue gone in hande with their vngracious exployt Theodosius warned of theyr intent boldly aduaunced himselfe to see due punishmēt executed of the offenders that were forthwith taken and knowne to be guiltie in that conspiracie Dulcitius is ◅ppointed to ◅ut Valentinus to death Theodosius committed Valentine with a few other of his trustie complices vnto the Captaine Dulcitius commaunding him to see them put to death but coniecturing by his warlike skill wherin he passed all other in those dayes what might follow he woulde not in any wise haue any further enquirie made of the other conspirators least through feare that might be spread abrode in many the troubles of the Prouinces now well quieted should be againe reuiued After this Theodosius disposing himselfe to redresse many things as neede requyred all danger was quite remoued so that it was moste apparant that fortune fauoured him in suche wise that she left him not destitute of hir furtheraunce in any one of all his attempts he therefore restored the Cities and Castels that were appoynted to be kept with garisons and the borders he caused to be defended and garded with sufficient nūbers to keepe watch and warde in places necessarie And hauing recouered the Prouince whiche the enimies had gotten into their possession hee so restored it to the former state that vpon his motion to haue it so a lawfull gouernour was assigned to rule it and the name was chaunged so A part of Brytayne called Valentia as from thenceforth it should be called Valentia for the Princes pleasure The Areani a kinde of men ordeyned in tymes past by our elders of whom somwhat we haue spoken in the actes of the Emperour Constance being now by little little fallen into vices he remoued from theyr places of abyding being openly conuicted that allured wyth brybes and fayre promyses they had oftentymes bewrayed vnto the barbarous Nations what was done among the Romaines for this was theyr charge to runne vp and downe by long iourneys and to giue warning to oure Captaines what sturre the people of the next confines were about to make Theodosius therfore hauing ordred these and other like things most worthily to his high fame The prayse of Theodosius was called home to the Emperours Court who leauing the Prouinces in most triumphant state was highly renowmed for his often and moste profitable victories as if he had bene an other Camillus or Cursor Papyrius and with the fauor and loue of all men was conueyed vnto the Sea side and passing ouer with a gentle winde came to the Court where he was receyued wyth great gladnesse and commendation being immediately appoynted to succeed in rowmth of Valence Iouinus that was master of the horses Finally he was called by the Emperor Gratianus to be associate with him in the Imperiall estate after the death of Valence in the yeare after the incarnation of our sauiour .379 and raigned Emperor surnamed Theodosius the great about xvj yeares and two dayes VVil. Har. But now to our former matter Hereto also may that be applyed which the foresayd Marcellinus wryteth after in the same booke touching the inuasion of the Saxons VVolf Lazi the which as Wolf Lazius taketh it entred then first into great Britaine but were repulsed of the Emperour Valentinianus the fyrst by the conduct of Seuerus Seuerus The same yeare sayth he that the Emperours were the thirde tyme Consuls there brake forth a multitude of Saxons and passing the seas entred strongly into the Romain confines a natiō fed oftentimes with y e slaughter of our people the brunt of whose first inuasion Nonneus Comes Erle Nanneus susteyned y e which was appointed to defend those partyes an approued captain with continuall trauaile in warres verie expert but then encountring with desperate and forlorne people when he perceyued some of his souldiers to be ouerthrowne and beaten downe and himself woūded not able to abyde the often assaults of his enimies he obteyned this by enforming the Emperour what was necessarie and ought to be done Seuerus Coronell of the footemen insomuch that Seuerus maister or as I may cal him Coronell of the footemen was sent to helpe and relieue things that stoode in daunger the which bringing a sufficient power with him for
twentith yeare after his comming into this land he obteyned the title of the West partes thereof and gouerned there as King so that the Kingdome of West Saxons began vnder the sayde 〈…〉 icus in the .519 519 of Christ as 〈…〉 shall be shewed Thus may yee see that if Aurelius Ambrosius did succeede after Vortigerne and raigned in the tyme supposed by the Brittish histories 〈◊〉 before is alledged the lande euen in his dayes was full of trouble and the olde inhabitauntes the Britaynes sore vexed by the Saxons that 〈…〉 ed the same so that the Britaynes dayly were hampered and brought vndersubiection to the valiante Saxons or else driuen to remoue further off and to giue place to the victorers But nowe to proceede with the succession of the Brittishe Kings as in their Histories wee fynde them registred whiche I delyuer suche as I fynde but not suche as I do wishe being written with no suche couloure of credite as we may safely put foorthe the same for an vndoubted truth Vter Pendragon AFter that Aurelius Ambrosius was dead his brother Vter Pendragon whome Harrison calleth Math. West noteth Aurelius Vterius Ambrosianus was made King in the yeare of our Lorde 500 500. in the seuenth yeare of the Emperour Anastasius and in the sixteene yeare of Clodoueus King of the Frenchmen The cause why hee was surnamed Pendragon was for that Merlyne the greate Prophete likened him to a Dragons head that at the tyme of his natiuitie maruellously appeared in the firmamente at the corner of a blasing Starre as is reported But Harrison supposeth that hee was so called of his wisedome and serpeÌ„tine subtiltie or for that he gaue the Dragons head in his Banner About the same time Vter departed out of this life saith Polydore so that his accompte agreeth nothing with the coÌ„mon accompte of those authors whom FabiaÌ„ and other haue folowed For either must we presuppose that Vter reigned before the time apointed to him by the said authors either else that the siege of Badon hill was before he began to reigne as it should seeme in deede by that which Wil. Malmsbury writeth therof as hereafter shal be also shewed Finally according to the agreemente of the Englishe writers Vter Pendragon died of poyson when he had gouerned this land by the ful terme of .16 yeres The deceasse of Vter Pendragon Stonchenge chorea gigantn was after buried dy his brother Aurelius at StonheÌ„g otherwyse called Chorea GigantuÌ„ leauing his son Arthur to succede him Here must ye not that the scottish chronicles declare that in al the warres for the more parte wherein the Britons obteyned victorie against the Saxons the Scots ayded them in the same warres and so likewyse did the Picts but the same chronicles do not only varie from the Brytish writers in accompt of yeres but also in the order of things done as in the same Chronicles more playnly may appere and namely in the discourse of the incideÌ„ts which chanced during the reign of this Vter For wher as the British histories as ye haue heard attribute great praise vnto the same Vter for his victories atchieued against the Saxons and theyr king Occa whom he slew in battaile and obteined a greate victorie the Scottishe writers make other report affirming in deed that by the preseÌ„ce of bishop Germane hee obteyned victorie in one battaile against them but shortly after the Britons fought again with the Saxons were discomfited although Occa in following the chase ouer rashly chaunced to be slaine after whose deceasse the Saxons ordeyned his sonnâ—… named also Occa to succeede in his place who to make himselfe strong against all his enimies sent into Germanie for one Colgerne the whiche with a greate power of Tentshmen came ouer into this our Britayne and conquered by Oâ—…s appointment the countrey of Northumberland situate betwene Tyne Tweede as in the Scottish chronicles it may further appeare Also this is to be remembred that the victorie which was got against the Saxons by the Brytons at what time Germane bishop of Aurerre was presente Hector Boetius affirmeth by the authoritie of Veremond that wrote y e Scottishe chronicles to haue chanced the secoÌ„d time of his coÌ„ming ouer into this lande where Beda anoncheth it to be at his first bring here Againe the same Boetius writeth that y e same victory chaÌ„ced in the dayes of Vter Pendragon whiche can not be if it be true that Beda writeth touchyng the tyme of y e death of y e sayd German for where he departed this life before the yere of oure Lorde 459. as aboue is noted Vter Pendragon began not his reigne till the yere of our Lord .500 475. sayth â—â— arison or as the same Hector Boetius hath .503 so that bishop Germane was dead long before that Vter began to reign In deede some writers haue noted that the third bataile which Vortimer sought against the Saxons was the same wherin S. Germane was present and procured the victorie with the crie of Alleluya as before ye haue heard whiche seemeth to be more agreeable to a truthe and to stand also with that which holie Bede hath writen touching the time of the beeing heere of the sayd German than the opinion of other whiche affirme that it was in the tyme of the reigne of Vter The like is to bee founde in the residue of Hector Boetius his booke touching the tyme specially of the reignes of the Brytish kings that gouerned Brytaine aboute that season For as he affirmeth Aurelius Ambrosius beganne his reigne in the yeare of our Lorde .498 and ruled but seuen yeres and then suceeded Vter whiche reigned .xviij. yeres and departed this life in the yeare of our Lorde .521 BVt here is to be remeÌ„bred that whatsoeuer the British writers haue recorded touching the victories of this Vter had against y e Saxos and how that Osca the sonne of Hengist should be slaine in battayle by him and his power In those olde writers whiche haue registred the Acts of the Englishe saxon kyngs wee fynde no suche matter but wee fynde that after the deceasse of Hengist hys sonne Osca or Occa reygned in Kente .24 yeares Osca 34. hath Henry Hnnt. in corrupted copies defendyng hys kyngdome onely and not seekyng to enlarge it as before is touched After whose death his sonne Oth and Irâ—…rike sonne to the same Oth succeeded more resemblyng their father than their grandfather or greate grandfather To their reignes are assigned fiftie and three yeares by the Chronicles but whether they reigned ioyntely together or seuerally a parte eyther after other it is not certaynly perceyued King Nazaleod perceiuing that the wing which Certicus ledde was of more strength than the other whiche Kenrike gouerned he set fyrst vpon Certicus thinking that if he might distresse that part of the enimies armie he should easily ouercome the other Mat. VVest Hen. Hunt Stuff and VVightgar Math. VVest noteth the yere of
out of his kingdome by the brother nephew of Hengist of whome in the firste booke we haue made mention firste requiting his banishemente with greate detrimente and losse to those his enimies wherein he was partaker by iust deserte of his vncles worthy praise for that he stayed for a great many yeres the destruction of his countrey which was now running hedlong into vtter ruine and decay But Arthurs graue no wâ—…ere appeareth but the others tombe as I haue sayde was founde in the dayes of William the Conqueror king of England vpon the seaside and conteyned in length fourtene foote where he was as some say wounded by his enimies and cast vp by shipwrack But other write that he was slayne at a publike feaste or banket by his owne countreymen Thus hathe William Malmesburye But here you muste consider that the sayde Malmesburie departed this lyfe about the beginnyng of the reigne of kyng Henry the seconde certayne yeres before the boanes of Arthur were found as before ye haue hearde But now to speak somwhat of queene â—â—hera or Gâ—â—vee Io. Leland so â—…he iudge that 〈◊〉 â—…he name of hir excellent beautie by 〈…〉 or Gâ—…nâ—… in the Welch toâ—…ng 〈…〉 Quene Guryhere so that she was named 〈◊〉 or rather â—â—â—â—…lean euen as you 〈◊〉 say the faire or beautyfull Leonore or Helene She was brought vpon the house of Cador Earle of Cornewall 〈◊〉 Arthur maryed hiâ—… and as it appeareth by writers she was â—…aill reported 〈…〉 and breache of land to hiâ—… husbande in sorte as for the more paiâ—…e women of excellente beautie hardly escape the venimous blast of will to 〈◊〉 and the sharpe assaultes of the followeâ—… of â—…enus The Brâ—… historie affirmeth that should not onely 〈…〉 paâ—…yâ—…ng wyth â—…ordred 〈◊〉 that 〈…〉 thâ—â— absence she consented to take him to husbande It is lykewyse founde recorded by an olde wâ—…yter that Arthure besieged on a tyme theÌ„ marishes neere to Glastenburye for displeasurâ—… that he bare vnto a certayne Lorde that hyghte Melâ—… whiche hadde rauished Gumnere and ledde hâ—â— into those Marshes and there dyddâ—… keepe hir Hir corps notwithstandyng as before is recited was enterred togyther wyth Arthurs so that it is thought she liued not long after his deceasse Arthur had two wynes as Giralouâ—… Cambrensis affirmeth of whiche the latter sayth hee was buryed wyth hyde and hiâ—… boanes founde with his mone Sepulchre so deuided yet that two partes of the Tombe towardes the heade were appoynted to receyue the bones of the man and the thyrde parte towardes the feete conteyned the womans boanes a parte by them selues Here is to bee remembred that Hector Boetius wryteth otherwyse of the death of Arthure than before in thys booke is mencioned and also that Guenâ—…ere beeyng taken prysonâ—… by the Pictes was conueyed into Scotlande where fynally shee dyed and was there buryed in Aâ—…gus as in the Scottishe Chronicle further appeareth And thys may be true if he hadde three sundrye wyues eche of them bearing the name of Guenhere as sir Iohn Price doth auouche that hee had Bycause of the contrarieâ—…ie in wryters touchyng the greate actes atchieued by this Arthur and also for that some difference there is amongest them aboute the tyme in whyche he should reigne many haue doubted of the truthe of the whole historie whyche of hym is written as before ye haue hearde The Britishe histories and also the Scottishe Chronicles doe agree that he lyued in the days of the Emperour Iustinian about the fifteenth yeare of whose reigne hee dyed whiche was in the yeare of our Lorde 542. 542. as Harrison also confirmeth Howbeit some write farther from all lykely 〈◊〉 that he was aboute the tyme of the Emperor â—…eno who began his reign about the yeare of our Lord. 47â—… The 〈◊〉 of the booke 〈◊〉 Aurea historia affirmeth Aurea historia Leland that in the 〈…〉 of Cerdicus king of Weast Saxons Arthur the warriour râ—…fe amongest the Brytâ—…ns Also Diâ—â—neuâ—… writeth that 〈◊〉 fyghtyng oftentymes with Arthur if he were ouercome in one 〈◊〉 he â—…ose 〈◊〉 an other 〈◊〉 more tâ—â—rce had 〈◊〉 to giue battayle that before At lengthe Arthure 〈…〉 VVestsexon after the â—…elfth yeare 〈…〉 〈◊〉 gaue vnto 〈…〉 his homâ—… 〈◊〉 and â—â—aplâ—◠〈◊〉 the shyres of 〈…〉 and Somerset the whiche 〈…〉 â—…erdiems named West 〈◊〉 This Ceâ—…icius or 〈◊〉 came into Britayne aboute the yeare of our Lorde 491. and 〈◊〉 yere after his 〈◊〉 hither that is to witte about the yeare of our Lorde â—… he beganne gaâ—â— his raigne 〈◊〉 the West Saxons and gouerâ—â—â— the 〈◊〉 kyng by the space of the yeares as before ye haue heard But to followe the course of oure Chronicles accordingly as we haue begunne we muste allowe of their accompte herein as in other places and so proceede Constantine After the death of Arthur his cousin CoÌ„stantine the son of CadoÌ„r duke or earle of Cornwall beganne his reigne ouer the Brytayns in yeare of our Lorde .542 whiche was aboute the .xv. yeare of the Emperour Iustinianus almost ended the .29 of Childebert K. of Fraunce 54â—… and the first yeare welnere complete of the reigne of Totiles kyng of the Gothes in Italy Arthur when he perceyued that he should dye Galfriâ—… Mat. VVâ—… ordeyned this Constantine to succeede him and so by the consent of the more parte of the Brytons he was crowned kyng but the sonnes of Mordred sore repined thereat as they that claymed the rule of the land by iuste title and clayme of inheritaunce to them from theyr father descended Ciuill warre Herevpon followed ciuill warre so that dyners batayles were stricken betwene them and in the ende the two brethren were constrayned to withdrawe for refuge the one to London and the other to Winchester but Constantine parsriving them firste came to Wynchester and by force entred the Citie and slewe the one brother that was fledde thyther within the churche of Saincte Amphibalus And after commyng to London entred that Citie also and findyng the other brother within a Churche there slewe hym in lyke maner as he had done the other And so hauing dispatched his aduersaries he thoughte to haue purchased to himselfe safetie but shortly after Aurelius Conanus his own kinsman one Aurelius Conanus arreared warre agaynst him who ioyning with him in battaile Constantine slayne slew him in the field after he had reigned foure yeares His body was conueyed to Stonehenge and there duryed besyde his auncestour Vter Pendragon Of this Constantine that seemeth to be ment whiche Gildas writeth in his booke entitled De excidio Brytannia Gildas where inueying agaynste the rulers of the Brytons in his tyme hee writeth thus Britayn hath kings but the same be tyrants Iudges it hath but they be wicked oftentymes pilling and harmyng the innocent people reuenging and defending but whome suche as bee giltie persons and robbers Hauing many wyues but yet breakyng wedlocke Oftentymes swearyng and yet forswearing
Chilperike king of Fraunce 586. This Careticus was a norisher of ciuill reacte and discention amongst his own people the Britons so that he was hated doth of god and man as writers testifye The Saxons vnderstanding that the Britons were not of one mind but deuided in partakings so as one was ready to deuore an other they thought it good time for them to aduaunce theyr conquests and seased not to parâ—â—e the Britons by force and continuall warre till they had constrained them for refuge to withdraw into Wales And as some haue written Galf. Mon. See more of this Gurmundâ—…s in Ireland the Saxons meanyng to make a full conquest of the lande sent ouer into Ireland requiring one Gurmundus a kyng of the Aâ—…ticanes to come ouer into Britayne to healpe them agaynste the Brytaynes Ranulf Cest. Gourmonde tooke Cirencester or Chichester and destroyed it in moste cruell manner Some write that he tooke this citie by a policie of war in bynding to the feet of Sparrowes whiche his people had caught certaine clewes of threede or matches finely wrought and tempred with matter readie to take fire so that the Sparrowes being suffered to goe out of hande â–ª flewe into the towne to lodge them selues within their nestes whiche they had made in stackes of corne and eues of houses so that the towne was thereby set on fyre and then the Brytons issuing foorth foughte with their enimies and were ouercome and discomfited But whylest the battayle continued Careticus stale away and got him into Wales After this the foresayd Gurmonde destroyed thys lande throughout in pitifull wyse and then deliuered it in possession to the Saxons the whiche thankfully receiued it and bicause they were descended of those that firste came ouer with Hengul they chaunged the name of the lande and called it Hengistlande accordingly as the same Hengist had in tymes past ordeined the whiche name after for shortnesse of speeche was somewhat altered and so lastly called Englande and the people Englishmen But rather it may be thought that sith a great part of those people whiche came ouer into thys lande out of Germanie with the sayde Engiste and other captaines were of these English men whiche inhabited Germanie about the parties of Thoringhen they called this land England after their name Mat. VVâ—â— when they had first got habitatioÌ„ within it and so both the iande and people tooke name of them beeing called Angli long tyme before they entered into this Isle as before is shewed out of Cornelius Tacitus and others But nowe to returne where we lefte Of this Gurmounde the olde English wryters make no mention nor also any aunciente authors of foreyn parties and yet sayth the British booke that after he had conquered this land giueÌ„ it to the Saxons he passed ouer into FraÌ„ce and there destroyed muche of that lande as an enemy to the faith of Christe For whiche consideration he was the more ready to come to the ayde of the Saxons who as yet hadde not receyued the Christian fayth but warred against the Brytaynes as well for so destroy the faith of Chryste within this lande as to establyshe to them selues contynuall habitations in the same There bee It should 〈◊〉 that this â—â—rie of Gâ—â—â— is hâ—â— some â—â—ned â—…aâ—…e 〈◊〉 it may be 〈◊〉 he vvaâ—… 〈◊〉 Dane Norvvegiâ—â— of Germaine that omittyng to make mention of Gurmounde write thus of the expulsing of the Brytaynes oute of this lande at that tyme when wyth their king Careticus they got them into Wales IN the yeare of grace 586. 586. Kareticus a loner of ciuil war succeded Malgo an enimie to God and to the Britons whose inconstancie when the Englishe and Saxon kinges perceiued with one consent they rose againste him Mat. VVeâ—â— and after many battails chased him from citie to citie till at lengthe encountring wyth him in a pight field they droue him beyond Seuerne into Wales Herevpon clerks and priestes were dryuen oute of theyr places with brighte swoorâ—â— branâ—…ishing in all partes and fire crackling in Churches wherewith the same were consumed The remnante of the Britaynes therefore withdrew into the West partes of the land that is to witte into Cornewale and into Wales out of which countreys they oftentimes brake out and made reyses vppon the Saxons the whyche in manner aforesayde goâ—…e possession of the chiefest partes of the lande leauing to the Britaynes only three prouinces that is to witte Cornewale Southwales and Northwales which couâ—â—eâ—â— were not easie to be wonne by reason of the thick wooddes enuiâ—…oned with deepe marishes and waters full of high craggy rockes Mountaines The English and Saxon Kings hauing thus remooued the Britaynes enlarged the boundes of their dominions There raigned in that season within this land beside the Britaine Kings right Kings of the Englishe and Saxon nations as Ethelbert in Kent Cissa in Sussex Crauâ—…iue in Westsex Credda or Crida in Mercia Erkenwine in Essex Titila in Esfangle Elle in Deira and Alfrid in Bernicia In this sort the Britaynes lost the possession of the more part of theyr auntiente seates and the faithe of Christ thereby was greatly decayed for the Churches were destroyed the Archbishops of Caerleon Arwske London and Yorke withdrewe togither with their Cleargie into the Mountaynes and woods within Wales taking with them the relikes of Saintes for doubt the same shoulde be destroyed by the enimies and theÌ„selues put to deathe if they should abide in their olde habitations Many also fled into Britaine Armorike with a greate fleete of Shippes so that the whole Church or congregation as yee may call it of the two prouinces Loegria and Northumberland was left desolate in that season to the great hinderance and decay of the Christian Religion Careticus was driueÌ„ into Wales as before is rehearsed about the second or third yeare of his raigne and there continued with his Britaines the which ceassed not to endomage the Saxons from time to time as occasioÌ„ serued But heere is to be noted that y e Britanes being thus remoued into Wales Cornewall were gouerned afterwardes by three kings or rather Tirants the which ceassed not with ciuill warre to seeke eache others destruction till finally as sayth the Brittish booke they became all subiect vnto Cadwallo whome Bede nameth Cedwallo VVil. Mal. In y e mean time Ciaulinus or Cheuling King of the West Saxons through hys owne misgouernance and tyrannie whiche towardes his latter dayes hee practised did procure not only the Britaines but also his own subiects to conspire his deathe so that ioyning in battell with his aduersaries at Wodenesdic in the 3â—… yere of his raigne his army was discomfited and he himselfe constreyned to departe into exile and shortly after ended his life before he coulde fynde meanes to be restored Beda VV. Mal. It is recorded by diuers writers that the firste occasion whereby Gregory was moued thus to send Augustine into this
take to their wiues Marriages women that touched them in the third and fourth degree without reprehension and if any vnlawfull marriages were founde amongst the EnglishmeÌ„ as if the sonne had married the fathers wife or the brother the brothers wife they ought to be warned in any wise to absteyne and vnderstand it to be a greeuous sinne yet shoulde they not for that thing be depriued of the CommunioÌ„ of the body bloud of our Lord least those things mighte seeme to be punished in them wherein they had offended before their conuersion to the Christian fayth by ignorance Discipline of â—…he Church for at this season y e Church sayth he correcteth some things of a feruente earnestnesse suffereth some things of a geÌ„tle mildnesse and dissimuleth some things of a prudent consideration and so beareth and dissimuleth the same that oftentimes the euill which she abhorreth by such bearing and dissimuling is restreyned and reformed Moreouer touching the ordeyning of Bishops hee woulde they should be so placed that the distance of place mighte not bee a lette Ordeyning of â—…ishops but that when a Bishoppe shoulde bee consecrated there mighte bee three or foure presente Also touching the Bishoppes of Fraunce hee willed Augustine in â—…o wise 〈…〉 with them o th 〈◊〉 than â—…by 〈◊〉 on and good admonitions to be giuen but 〈◊〉 to presume any thing by authority 〈◊〉 Archbishop of Arles had receyued the Pallâ—… 〈…〉 past whose authoritie hee mighte not 〈…〉 least he should seeme to put his â—â—ele â—…nto 〈◊〉 mans haruest But as for the Bishops of Britayne he committed them vnto him that the vnlearned might be taught the wealâ—… with wholesome perswasions strengthned Women with childe and the â—â—â—arde by authoritie reformed Moreouer thâ—… a womaÌ„ with childe myghte bee Baptised and shee 〈◊〉 was deliuered after â—â— dayes of a man childe and after .46 days of a woman childe should be purified but yet myghte shee enter the Church before if she woulde The residue of Augustines demaundes â—â—â—…uâ—…isâ—…ed in these poynts Matters in question about trifles vâ—… within what spaâ—… 〈…〉 should be Christened after it was borne for doubt to be preueÌ„ted by death â–ª also within what 〈◊〉 a man might company with his wife after she was brought to bedde whether a woman hauing the floures mighte enter the Churche or receyue the Communion also whether a man hauing companyed with hys Wife might enter the Churche or receyue the Communion before he was washed with water And whether after polution by night in dreames a man mighte receyue the CoÌ„munion or if he were a Priest whether he might say Masse To these questions Gregory maketh aunswere at full in the Booke and place before citâ—…d which for breefenesse we passe ouer He sent also at that tyme with the messengers aforesayde at their returne into Englande dyuers learned men to help Augustine in the haruest of y e Lorde The names of the cheefest were these Assistance to Augustine The Pall. Mellitus Iustus Paulinus and Rufinianus He sente also the Palle whyche is the ornament of an Archbishop with vessels and appartell whiche shoulde be vsed in Churches by the Archbishop and other ministers He also sente with the Pall other letters vnto Augustine to lette hym vnderstande what number of Bishops hee woulde haue hym to ordeyne within this lande Also after that Mellitus and the other before mentioned persons were departed from Rome hee sent a letter vnto the same Mellitus beeyng yet on his way towardes Britayne touching further matter concerning the Churches of England wherein he confesseth that many thinges are permitted to bee vsed of the people lately broughte from the errors of gentilitie in keeping feastes on the dedication dayes whiche haue resemblaunce with their olde superstitious rytes of the Pagane Religion for to hard and obstinate mindes sayth he it is not possible to cutte away all things at once Bearing with them that had newly receyued the fayth whereof superstition grewe and increased for hee that coueteth to the highest place goeth vp by steppes and not by leapes Also the same time Gregory did sende letters vnto Augustine touching the miracles whych by reporte he vnderstoode were shewed by the same Augustine Miracles counselling him in no wise to glory in the same but rather in reioycing to feare and consider that God gaue him the gifte to worke suche signes for the welth of them to whome hee was sente to preach the Gospell he aduised hym therefore to beware of vayne glory and presumption for the Disciples of the trueth sayth he haue no ioy but onely that which is common with all men of whyche there is no end for not euery one that is elect worketh miracles but euery of the elect haue their names written in heauen These letters with the other whiche Gregory sent at this time vnto Augustine were dated the tenth day of the Calendes of Iuly in the yeare of oure Lord .602 602 whiche was the nineteenth yeare of the Emperour Mauritius Moreouer he sente most curteous letters by these messengers vnto King Ethelberte 〈◊〉 whyche hee greatly commendeth him in that he had receyued the Christian fayth and exhorteth him to continue in that most holy state of life whereby hee myghte worthyly looke for rewarde at the handes of almighty God But nowe to the doings of Augustine We fynd Beda that after he was established Archbishop and had his See appoynted to him at Canterbury he restored in that Citie another Church whiche had bin erected there in times past by certayne of the Romaynes 〈◊〉 were Christians and did dedicate the 〈…〉 in honor of Christ our Sauioure He also began the foundation of a Monastery without that Citie staÌ„ding towarde the East in the whiche by his exhortation King Ethelberte built a Churche euen from the grounde whiche was dedicated vnto the holy Apostles Peeter and Paule in the whiche the body of the sayde Augustine was buried and likewise the bodies of all the Archbishops of Canterbury and Kings of Kentâ—… of long time after This Abbey was called Saint Austines after his name One Peeter was the first Abbot one Peeter being the first Abbot therof The Churche there was not consecrated by Augustine but by his successor LaureÌ„ce after that he was dead Moreouer King Ethelbert at the motion of Augustine builded a Church in the Citie of LoÌ„don whiche he lately had conquered and dedicated it vnto Saint Paule but whether he buylded or restored this Church of Saint Paule it maye bee doubted for there bee dyuers opinions of the building thereof Ran. Cestren Some haue written that it was firste buylded by King Lud as before is mentioned Other agayne write that it was builded afterwarde by Sigeberte King of the East Saxons Beda Also Kyng Ethelberte buylded the Churche of Saint Andrew in Rochester Iâ—… is likewise remembred by writers Ran Cest Westminster Church 〈◊〉 that the same King Ethelberte procured a
vnto Duke Edelred who left a notable example behinde hir of despising fleshely pleasure for bearing hir husbande one chylde and fore handeled before she coulde be delyuered she euer after forbare to companie with hir husbande saying that it was 〈…〉 such plesure which therwith would bring so great 〈◊〉 The notable saying of Elfleda To speake sufficiently of the worthie prayse due to so noble â—… prince as Alured was might require eloquence learning and a large voliant He was of 〈…〉 and beautifull 〈◊〉 beloued of his father and mother than his other brethren And although he was as before is â—â—uched VV. Malms greatly 〈◊〉 with the inuasion of foreyn enimies yet did he both 〈◊〉 from time to tyme indeuour himselfe 〈◊〉 repulse them and also atteÌ„pted to see his subiectes gouerned in good and vpright iustice King Alured his â—…avves And 〈◊〉 that good lawes amongest the clinking 〈◊〉 of armour are oftentymes put to silence yet he perceiuing how his people were greued with theeues and robbers whiche in tyme of warre grew and increased deuised good statutes and holsome ordinantes for punyshing of 〈◊〉 offenders Amongest other thinges he ordeyned that the countreys should be deuided into hundreds and tythings that is to wit quarters conteyning a certayne number of towneships adioyning togither so that euery Englisheman liuing vnder prescripte of lawes should haue both his hundred and tithing that if any man were accused of any offence he shoulde fynde suretie for his good demeanour and if he coulde not fynde suche as woulde answere for him then shoulde hee taste extremitie of the lawes And if any manne that was guiltie fled before hee founde suretie or after all the inhabitants of the hundred or tithing where he dwelte shoulde be put to their fyne By this deuise 〈◊〉 brought his countrey into good tranquillitie so that he caused bracelets of golâ—â— to be hanged vp alofte on hilles where any common 〈◊〉 to see if any durst be so 〈◊〉 to take them away by stealth He was a liberale Prince namely 〈◊〉 relâ—…euing of the poore To churches 〈…〉 suche priuiledges as his father had 〈◊〉 â—â—fore him and he also sent 〈…〉 by waye of deuotion vnto Rome and to the bodie of Saint Thomas in Indiâ—… Sigâ—…elmus the bishop of Shirborne 〈◊〉 the same brought 〈…〉 richest ones and swete or 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 From Rome also he broughte 〈◊〉 of the holy crosse whiche Pope Mariâ—â—s did send for a present vnto king Alured Moreouer king Allured founded three 〈◊〉 Monasteries 〈◊〉 at Edlingsey Foundationâ—… of monasteries where he liued sometyme when the 〈◊〉 had bereaued hym 〈◊〉 of all his kyngdome whiche was after called Athelney distant from Taunâ—â—n in Somersetshire about fiue myles the seconde he builded at Winchester called the 〈…〉 and the thirde at Shaftsbury whiche man aâ—… house of Nunnes where he made his daughter Ethelgâ—…ra or Elgiua Abbesse But the foundation of the vniuersitie of Oxford passed all the residue of his buyldings whiche he began by the good exhortation and aduise of Neotus aâ—… Abbotie in those days highly estemed for his vertue and lerning with Alured King Alured was learned himselfe and giuen muche to studie in so muche that beside dyuers good lawes whiche he translated into the english â—…oung gathered togither and published he also translated diuers other bookes out of Latin into english as Orosius Pastorale Gregorij Beda de gestis AngloruÌ„ Boetius de consolatione Philosophiae and the booke of Psalms but this he finished not being preuented by death So this worthie Prince minding wel toward the common wealth of his people in that season when learning was little esteemed amongest the Weast nations dyd studie by all meanes possible The vertuous â—…ele of Alured to bring his people to an honest trade of lyfe to instructe his subiectes in the trade of leadyng an honest lyfe and to encourage them generally to imbrace learnyng He woulde not suffer any to be are office in the Courte excepte hee were learned and yet hee hymselfe was twelue yeares of age before hee coulde reade a worde on the booke He is persvvaded by his mother to applye himself to lerning and was then trayned by his mothers perswasion to applye hymselfe to study promising to gyue hym a goodly fayre booke whyche she had in hir handes if he wold shortly lerne to reade it Herevpon going to his booke in sporte he so earnestly sette his mynd thereto that within a small tyme hee profited maruellously and became suche a fauourer of learned men that he delyghted most in their companie to haue confâ—…rence wyth them and allured dyuers to come vnto hym out of other countreyes Asserius Meneuens VVerefridus as Asserius Meneuens bishop of Shirborne and Werefridus the byshop of Worcester who by his commaundemente translated the Bookes of Gregories Dialogues into Englishe Iohn Scot. Also Iohn Scot whyche whyles hee was in Fraunce translated the booke of Dionysius Artopagita entituled Hierarchiâ—… out of Greeke into Latin and after was Scholemaister in the Abbey of Malmesburye and there murthered by his Schollers with penkniues hee had dyuers other aboute him bothe Englishmenne and straungers as Pleymonde whyche afterwarde was made Archebishoppe of Canterbury Grimbalde Grimbalde whome he appointed gouernour of the newe Monasterie at Winchester with other But to conclude with this noble Prince king Alvred Alured deuided the tyme for his necessarie vses hee was so carefull in his office that hee deuided the .xxiiij. houres which contayn the day and night in three partes so that eight houres he spent in writing reding and making his praiers other eight hee employed in relieuing his bodye with meate drinke and slepe and the other .viij. he bestowed in dispatching of businesse coÌ„cerning the gouernment of the realme He had in his chapell a candell of .24 partes whereof euery one lasted an houre So that the Sexton to whome that charge was committed by burning of that candell warned the king euer how the time passed away A little before his death hee ordeined his last wil and testament His last vvyll and testament bequeathing halfe the portion of all his goodes iustly gotten vnto such Monasteries as he had founded All his rents and reuenues he deuided into two equall partes and the first part he deuided into three bestowing the first vpon his seruants of housholde the seconde to suche laborers and workmen as he kept in his workes of sundrie newe buyldings the thyrde part he gaue to strangers The second whole part of his reuenues was so diuided that the first portion thereof was bestowed amongest the poore people of his countrey the seconde to Monasteries the thirde to the findyng of poore schollers and the .iiij. part to Churches beyonde the sea he was diligent in the enquirie how the Iudges of his land behaued themselues in their iudgemeÌ„ts and was a sharpe correcter of them which transgressed in that behalfe To be brief he liued
with fire vnder them in hope to catche the fattest suche as by reason of theyr weight do oftenest leape shorte Certes y e tast of these is reputed to be most delicate and therfore their price is cōmonly greater than of the rest It is inhibited in Scotland to take any Salmon from the eight of September vntill the xv of Nouember Finally there is no mā that knoweth readily whereon this fishe liueth for neuer was any thing yet found in their bellies other than a thicke slymy humour Of the sundry kindes of Muskles and Cockles in Scotland and pearles gotten in the same of the vncouth and strange fish there to be seene and of the nature of the herbe Cythisus commonly called Hadder Chap. 9. HEre it resteth that I shewe the nature of Muskles Cockles wherof we haue many sundry kindes amongst vs of these also so◅e are small and yet if they be eaten fresh are not without a naturall delicacy in tast Others are greater not vnlike in forme quātitie to those that haue the purple albeit that they are vtterly voyde thereof yet is their meate and substance right pleasant in the eating There are of an other sorte whiche are longer greater than either of these called horse Muskles to be had in the Dee the Done in these are the pearles ingendred Certes they loue to be resident in the deepest and cleerest waters that are voyde of mudde filth such is their estimation among the deintiest kindes of foode that they were not vnworthely called of old time widowes lustes Their shelles also are as it were wrought euen from the very toppes and thereto ful of spottes ▪ wherein as in yeld of gaine they farre exceede al other These early in the morning Cardane denieth this lib. 7. de Subtilitate in the gētle cleere calme ayre lift vp their vpper shel◅s mouthes a litle aboue the water and there receiue of the fine pleasant breath or dew of heauen afterwardes according to the measure quantitie of this vitall force receyued they firste conceyue ▪ then swell and finally product the pearle They are so sensible quicke of hearing y t although you standing on the bray or banke aboue them do speake neuer so softly or throw neuer so small a stone into the water yet they wil descrie yo◅ and settle againe to the botome without returne for that time Doubtlesse they haue as it were a naturall carefulnesse of their owne commodity as not ignorant how great estimation wee mortall men make of the same amongst vs and therefore so soone as the fisher men do catche them they binde their shelles togither for otherwise they would open and shea◅ theyr pearles of purpose for whiche they know themselues to be taken and pursued Their maner of apprehension is this first foure or fiue persons go into the riuer togither vp vnto the shoulders and there stand in a compasse one by another with poles in their handes wherby they rest more surely sith they fixe thē in the ground stay with one hand vpon them Then casting their eyes downe to the botome of the water they espie where they lie by their shinyng and cleerenesse and with their toes take them vp for the deapth of the water will not suffer them to stoupe for them giue thē to such as stand next them The perles that are so gotten in Scotlād are not of small value they are very orient and bright light round somtimes of the quantitie of y e nayle of ones litle finger as I haue had seene by mine own experiēce Almost such another muskle found on the coast of Spaine the shels whereof are gathered by such as go in pilgrimage to S. Iames brought into Scotlād but they are w tout perles bicause thei liue in salt water which is an enimy to y e Margarite but Cardane also denieth it In all the sea coastes also of Scotlād are Cockles M◅skles of the same forme but without this commodity Many vncouth and strange shapes of fish likewise are seene there whereof some are armed with shelles some with harde skales and diuers round as a ball skinned like an Ircheon or Hedgehogge hauing but one conduct bothe for purgation of their excrements and reception of their sustenaūce To shew euery kinde of fish that is in Scotlād it were but a vaine trauaile sith the same are knowē almost in euery region In like sorte we haue such plenty of fishe vpon our seuerall coastes that although Millions infinite numbers of them be taken on the one day yet on the next their losse wil so be supplied with new store that nothing shal be missing by reason of the yesterfang so bountifull is God in these his benefites vnto vs. Furthermore there is another gift bestowed vpon vs by the singular prouidence of God For the greater dearth and penury of flesh and corne is seene in Scotland the greater store of fishe is taken vpon our shores In like sorte in the desertes and wilde places of this realme there groweth an hearbe of it self called Hadder or Hather very delicate Galen lib. 1. de An◅ lo◅is saith that Cytisus is no hearbe but a shrubbe and so dothe Pliny lib. 12. cap 3 lib. 13. cap 24 lib 16. cap 38 And Columella in the end of his 5. boke where he accompteth it amōg trees as Columella lib. 9. cap. 4. sayth for Goates and all kinde of cattell to feede vpon and likewise for diuers Foules but Bees especially This herbe in Iune yeeldeth a purple floure sweete as bony whereof the Pictes in time paste did make a pleasaunt drinke and very wholesome for the body but for asmuche as the maner of making hereof is perished in the hauocke made of the Pictes when the Scottes subdued their countrey it lieth not in me to set downe the order of it neyther shewed they euer the learning hereof to any but to their owne nation Finally there is no parte of Scotland so barren and vnprofitable but it produceth eyther yron or some other kinde of mettall as may be proued easely thorow out all the Iles that are annexed to the same Of the Iles of Scotland and such notable things as are to be found in them Chap. 10. BEing fallen at the laste into mention of our Iles I wil addresse my self to describe the same in maner and forme as followeth In the Irishe sea betwixt Ireland and Scotlande are forty and three Iles whereof some are xxx myles long diuers xij and others more or lesse These are called by some writers Euboniae and by other Hebrides But the principall of them all is that of Man whiche lieth ouer against Galloway and was sometime the principall seate of the Driuydes as Cornelius Tacitus Cesar in his Cōmentaries and other R◅mayne writers do testifie at large North from the I le of Man lieth Arran otherwise named Botha after S. Brandons time who dwelled
nation if they suffered themselues to bee vanquished in that iustauâ—…t With these woordes or other muche what of the semblable effect Galde so moued the handes of his people that they desired nothing 〈◊〉 ioyne with theyr enimies and to trie it with them by dinte of swoorde which they vniuersally signified according to theyr accustomed vse with a great noyse shoute and clamour On the other parte Agricola though he pâ—â—ceyued a greate desire amongst his souldiers to fight yet hee was not negligent on his owne behalfe to encourage them with moste cheerefull woordes and countenaunce so that bothe the armies being thus bente to haue battayle the generals on bothe partes beganne to sette them in array Agricola to the ende his armie being the lesser number shoulde not bee assayled both afront and on the sides prouided by disposing them in a certaine order a remedie against that disaduantage On the other side king Galde Galde by reason of his multitude this lieth to endde his enimies by reason of the aduauntage whiche hee had in his greate multitude and number ordered his battaylâ—…s thereafter with a long and large fronte placing the fame vppon the higher grounde of purpose to compasse in the enimies on eche side At the firste approche of the one armie towardes the other The armies approch togither to fight the battayle was begonne righte fiercely with shotte of arrowes and hurling of dartes whiche being once paste They ioyne they ioyned togither to trie the matter by hande strokes wherein the Scottes and Pictes had one disaduauntage for those that were archers or as I may call them kernes comming once to fight at hande blowes had nothing but broade swordes and certaine sorie light bucklers to defend themselues with suche as serue to better purpose for menne to ryde with abroade at home The Scottish mens disaduaÌ„tage by reason of their vnfit weapons than to bee caried foorth into the warres thought the same haue bene so vsed amongst the Scottish men euen till these our dayes The Romains therefore being well appointed with armure and broade Tergettes slewe downe right a greate number of these Scottes and Pictes thus slenderly furnished without receiuing any great domage againe at their haÌ„ds till king Galde appoynted his speare menne to steppe foorth before those archers and kernes to succour them and therewith also the bill menne came forewarde and stroke on so freshly that the Romains were beaten downe on heapes in such wise that they were neare at poynt to haue bene discomfited A cohort of Germains restored the Romaine side neare at poynt to haue had the worse had not a bande of Germains whiche serued amongst the Romains rushed foorth with greate violence vppon the Scottishe men where moste daunger appeared and so restored againe the faynting stomakes of the Romains whereby the battayle renewed on bothe sides againe right fierce and cruell that greate ruthe it was to beholde that blouddie fight and moste vnmercyfull murder betwixte them whiche continued with more violence on the Scottishe side than any warlyke skill The night severeth the armies in sunder and parteth the fray till finally the night comming on tooke the dayes light from them bothe and so parted the fray The Romains withdraw to their caÌ„pe the Scottes to the mouÌ„tains The Romains withdrewe to theyr campe and the Scottes and Pictes with theyr confederates the Danes Norwegians and Irish men suche as were left aliue got them into the nexte mountaynes hauing loste in this cruell conflict the moste parte of theyr whole numbers Cornelius Tacitus agreeth not in al points with the Scottishe Chronicles in a booke which he wrote of the lyfe of Iulius Agricola where hee intreateth of this battayle For hee speaketh but of .xxx. See more hereof in the historie of England thousande men which he comprehendeth vnder the generall name of Brytains to be assembled at that time agaynst the Romains making no mention of any Scottes Pictes Irish men Norwegians or Danes that should be there in their ayde The number of them that were slayne of the Brytains side as the same Tacitus recounteth amounted to aboute .x. M. men The number of them that were slayne at this battayle of Romains not passing .iij. C. and .xl. Amongst whom was one Aulus Atticus a captaine of one of the cohortes But as the Scottish writers affirme there died that day of Scottes Pictes and other their confederates at the poynt of .xx. M. and of the Romains and suche as serued on their side as good as .xij. M. Moreouer the night following when Galdus with the residue of his people which were left aliue was withdrawen to the mountains that the huge losse was vnderstoode by the wiues kinneswomen of the dead there began a pitiful nayse amongst them lameÌ„ting and bewailing theyr miserable case losses But Galde doubting least the same shoulde come to the eares of some espialles Women bewayle their friendes that mighte lurke neare to the place where hee was withdrawen caused an huge shoute and noyse to be raysed by his people as though it had bene in token of some reioysing till the women bewayling thus the death of theyr friendes might be remoued out of the way This done they fell to take counsel what was best to do in this case in the end al things considered it was determined that somewhat before the dawning of y e next morow euery man should dislodge withdraw himselfe into suche place as he thought moste meetest for his safegard The Scottish men and Picts breake vp their campe saue only such as were appointed to attend Galde Garnard into Atholle whether they minded with al speede to go Thus leauing a gret nuÌ„ber of fires to dissimule their departure they dislodged made away with al speede possible In the morning when their departure was once discouered a great nuÌ„ber of y e Romains followed as it had bene in the chase but some of the vnaduisedly aduenturing to farre forward The Romains in pursuyng vnaduisedly are distressed were enclosed by theyr enimies and slayne Those that wrought this feat gotte them to the nexte hilles and so escaped At length when all the fieldes and countreys adioyning were discouered and the same appearing to be quite deliuered of all ambushmentes of the enimies Agricola caused the spoyle to be gathered and after marched foorth into Angus where for so muche as sommer was paste he appointed to winter Agricola subdueth Angus and wintreth there and so comming thyther and subduing the countrey he tooke pledges of the best amongst the inhabitants and lodged his people about him in places most conuenient Aboute the same time Agricola heard newes from his nauie as theÌ„ riding at auere in Argile what mishap had chaunced to the same in Pictland Frith Agricola is certified of the mischaunce of his nauie But herewith being not greatly discouraged he gaue order that the shippes whiche had escaped
able to followe anye greate waye in the chase The third bataile of the englishmen vanqu◅hed at Roslyn 1302. Thys victorie fell to the Scottes in manner as before is rehersed vppon Sainct Mathewes daye in the yeare after the byrthe of oure Sauiour .1302 The glorye of thys victorie was greate consydering that thirtie thousand Englishemen well furnyshed and thoroughly appoynted for warre The matter is amplified by the Scottes to the vttermost shoulde be thus in one daye vanquished wyth an handfull of Scottishmen For as theyr Hystories make mention they passed not eyghte thousande at the moste and therefore all menne supposed that it came to passe by the singular fauoure and grace of almyghtie GOD. But yet the Scottes dydde not long enioye the benefytes of so notable a victorie The gret preparation of K. Edward to reade the Scottes For kyng Edwarde hearyng of thys discomfiture of his people at Roslyng gathered a myghtie armye of Englishemenne Gascoynes Irishemen and suche Scottes as tooke hys parte and hauyng all hys furniture and purueyaunce readye bothe by sea and lande he set forwarde with the same to inuade the Scots on eche side The Scottes perceyuyng they were not of puissaunce able to resist his inuasion The Scottes withdraw to their holdes withdrew to their strengthes by meanes wherof the Englishe armie passed through all Scotland The englishe armie passed through Scotland from the South parts to the North. euen from the South partes to the North and found fewe or none to make resistance excepte Wallace and suche as followed his opinion whyche were fledde to the mountaynes and wooddes to eschewe the malice of the Englishmen It is sayde that king Edwarde requyred by a messenger sente vnto thys Wallace King Edward sendeth vnto Wallace that if he woulde come in and be sworne his liege man and true subiecte he shoulde haue at his handes greate Lordshippes and possessions within Englande to mayntayne his porte as was requisite to a manne of righte honourable estate Wallace refuseth the offers of K. Edward But Wallace refused these offers saying that he preferred libertie wyth small reuenues in Scotlande before any possession of landes in Englande were the same neuer so greate consideryng he myght not enioye them but vnder the yoke of bondage The Castell of Sterlyng at the same tyme was in the kepyng of one sir William Vthred knighte who woulde not render it to king Edwarde by any summonaunce or other meanes tyll after three moneths siege he was constrayned to gyue it ouer vnder these conditions The castell of Sterling rendred that all persons being within the castell shoulde departe by safe conduyt with bagge and baggage at their pleasure Neuerthelesse K. Edward caused the said six Williā Vthred to be conueyd to London This Vthred the Scottishe bookes name Olifer wher he remained as prisoner many yeares after Sundry other Castelles were taken by force the same tyme by king Edwarde and all suche as resisted beyng founde within anye of them slayne without mercie or raunsome The castell of Vrquhard taken by force Amongest other the castell of Vrquhard in Murraylande was taken by force and not one lefte alyue that was founde in the same one Gentlewoman only excepted who beyng great with chylde was in that respecte preserued She was the wyfe of Alexander Boyis lord of that house though by reason she was got into poore apparell the Englishmen tooke hir but for some other woman of meaner estate She therefore with hir lyfe saued being suffered to depart got hir ouer into Ireland where she was delyuered of a sonne that was named at the Font stone Alexander the whiche when Scotlād was recouered out of the Englishmēs hands came to king Robert le Bruce requiring him to be restored vnto his fathers heritage being as then in the occupation of other possessors King Robert doubtfull what to doe heerein for he thought it neyther cōuenient that a prince shoulde take landes or possessions from noble menne whyche hadde bene gyuen to them in rewarde of theyr manhoode shewed in defence of the realme neyther iudged hee it reason to keepe hym from his rightfull inheritaunce that hadde loste hys father his friendes and all his whole substaunce in the lyke cause and quarell by iniurie of the common enimies Wherefore to qualifie the matter hee deuysed thys meane he gaue vnto thys Alexander Boyis certayne other landes in Mar nothyng lesse in value consideryng the largenesse and fertilitie than the other of Vrquharde were and willed hym to content hym selfe with those in recompence of suche as belonged to his father to the intent that all parties myght bee satisfied and no man shoulde seeme to haue wrong in being depriued of his rightfull possessions This Alexander Boyis hadde afterwardes hys name chaunged and was called Forbes for that he slewe a Beare in those parties by greate and singular manhoode The beginning of the name of the Forbesses And so the surname of the Forbesses had begynning as descended from hym Scotlande beyng subdewed by the mightye puissaunce of kyng Edwarde he wente aboute to abolyshe all the olde Statutes and aunciente constitutions of the Realme trustyng by that meanes that Scottes lyuyng togyther wyth Englyshemen vnder one vniforme maner of Lawes they shoulde fynally sort themselues to bee of one mynde and opinion as wel touchyng the supreme gouernemente of theyr publyque weale as also in all other thyngs touchyng the frendly societie of lyfe Hee brente all the Chronicles of the Scottyshe Nation with all manner of Bookes Chronicles other bookes brent as well those conteynyng diuine seruice as any other Treatyses of prophane matters to the ende that the memorye of the Scottes shoulde perishe and thereto appoynted greeuous punnishementes for them that shoulde disobeye hys commaundementes herein in keeping any of the sayde bookes vndefaced And he ordeyned also that the Scots shuld occupie church bookes after the vse of Sarum and none other Moreouer he cōpelled al such scottishmen as wer of any singular knowledge in lerning or literature to be resident in Oxford Scottishmen learned commaunded to be resident in Oxforde doubting lest the Scottish nobilitie encreasing in politik prudence by their instructions should seeke to throw off the yoke of bondage Thus king Edward going about as the Scottish writers do report to extinguish the name of Scots together with their rule empire passed through the most part of all the boundes of Scotlande and vppon verye hate whyche he hadde to the Scottishe antiquities at his comming to Camelon he commaūded the round temple standing ouer against the same to be throwne downe which was builded as before is shewed in the honour of Claudius the Emperor The temple of Claudius was at Colchester not in Scotland what soeuer Hector Boetius or ouer dreame thereof and the goddesse Victoria But for that his cōmandemēt was not immediatly put in execution he chaunged his purpose and apointed only
Earle of Kyldares Rosse Ibarcan There is the thyrde Rosse on the othersyde of the water called Rosse Ibarcanne so named for that it standeth in the couÌ„trey of Kylkenny which is deuyded into thrée partes into Ibarcanne Ida and Idouth Weisforde Weisford an hauen towne not farre from Rosse I finde no great matters therof recorded but only that it is to be had in great price of all the Englishe posteritie planted in Ireland as a towne that was the first fostresse harboresse of the English conquerors Kylkenme Kilkenny the best vplandish towne or as they terme it y e proprest dry towne in IrelaÌ„d It is parted into the high towne the Irishe towne The Irish towne claymeth a corporation apart from the high town wherby great factioÌ„s growe daily betwene the inhabitants True it is that the Irish towne is the auncienter and was called the olde Kilkenny beyng vnder the bishop his becke as they are or ought to be at this present The high town was builded by the Englishe after the conquest and had a parcell of the Irishe towne therto vnited by the bishop his graunt made vnto the founders vpon their earnest request In the yere 1400. 1400. Robert Talbot a worthy gentleman Robert Talbot enclosed with walles the better part of this towne by which it was greatly fortified This gentleman deceased in y e yeare 1415. In this towne in the chore of the Frier preachers William Marshall William Marshal Erle Marshal and Erle of Penbroke was buried who departed this lyfe in the yere 1231. Richard brother to William to whome the inheritaunce descended within thrée yeres after deceased at Kilkenny beyng wounded to death in a field giuen in the heath of Kyldare in the yere 1234. the xv of Aprill 1234. was entumbed wyth hys brother according to the olde epitaph Hic comes est positus Richardê° vulnere fossus Cuius sub fossa Kilkenia continet ossa This town hath thre churches S. The churches of Kylkenny Kennies church our Ladies churche aliâs S. Maries church and S. Patrikes church with the abbey of S. Iohn S. Kennies churche is theyr chiefe and cathedrall church a worthy foundation as well for gorgeous buildinges as for notable liuyngs The GraÌ„mer schoole In the West ende of the churchyard of late haue bene founded a GraÌ„mer schoole by the right honourable Pierce or Peter Butler Erle of Ormond and Ossory Pierce Butler Margarete Fitz Girald and by his wife the countesse of Ormond the lady Margarete fitz Girald sister to Girald fitz Girald the Erle of Kyldare that last was Out of which schoole haue sprouted such proper ympes through the painefull diligeÌ„ce and the laboursame industry of a famous lettered man M. Peter White sometyme fellow of Oriall colledge in Oxford Peter whyte and schoole-maister in Kilkenny as generally the whole weale publike of Ireland and especially the southerne partes of that Island are greatly therby furthered This gentlemans methode in trayning vp youth was rare and singuler framyng the education according to the scholers vaine If he found him free he would bridle hym like a wyse Ilocrates froÌ„ his booke if he perceiued hym to be dull he would spur hym forwarde if he vnderstoode that he were y e woorse for beating he woulde win him with rewardes finally by interlacing study wyth recreation sorrow with mirth payne with pleasure sowernesse with swéetenesse roughnesse with myldenesse he had so good successe in schooling his pupils as in good sooth I may boldly byde by it that in the realme of IrelaÌ„d was no GraÌ„mer schoole so good in Englande I am well assured none better And because it was my happy happe God my parentes be thanked to haue bene one of his crewe I take it to stand with my duety sith I may not stretch myne habilitie in requiting hys good turnes yet to manifest my goodwill in remeÌ„bryng his paines And certes I acknowledge my selfe so much bound and beholding to him and his as for his sake I reuerence the meanest stone cemented in the walles of that famous schoole This town is named Kilkenny of an holy and learned Abbot called Kanicus Kylkenny why so called The lyfe of Kanicus borne in the countie of Kilkenny or as it is in some bookes recorded in Connaght This prelate beyng in his suckling yeres fostered through the prouidence of God with the 〈◊〉 of a 〈◊〉 and baptized and bishoppes by 〈◊〉 Lurâ—… thereto by Gods especiall appoyntment deputed grew into 〈◊〉 as tyme to such deuosâ—…e learnylng as he was deputed of all men to be as well a mirraâ—… of the 〈◊〉 as a pâ—…ragâ—… of the other wherof he gaue sufficient 〈◊〉 â—…re in hys mindâ—…tie For beyng 〈◊〉 to the keepyng of â—…éepe and 〈◊〉 follow shâ—…pheards wholy puâ—…ing themselues iâ—…e huskish vngaâ—… to â—…th and â—…nesse yet would he if all 〈◊〉 himselfe â—…ysed in â—…ing with Osiars and tâ—…gâ—… little woodden churches and in fashioning the furnitures thereto appertaining Beyng stepte further in yeares he made his repayre into England where cloystering himselfe in an abbey wherof one named Doctus was abbot he was wholy wedded to his books and to deuotion wherin he continued so painefull and diligent as being on a certaine time perâ—…ing a serious matter and hauing not fully drawne the fourth â—…all the abbey bell tingâ—…e to assemble the couent to some spirituall exercise To which he so hastened as he left the letter in semieâ—…clewyse vnfinished vntill he returned backe to his booke Soone after being promoted to ecclesiasticall orders he trauailed by the consent of his fellowmonkes to 〈◊〉 and in Italy he gaue such manifest profe of his pietie as to this day in some partes therof he is highly renowmed Thomas-towne Thomas fitz Antonie Thomas towne a proper town builded in the countie of Kilkenny by one Thomas fitz Antony in English man The Ieâ—… thereof name it Bally macke Andan that is y e town of fitz Antony This gentleman had issue two daughters the one of them was esâ—…ed to Denne the other maried to Archdeacon or Mackedâ—… whose heyres haue at this day the towne betweene them in cooparcenary But bicause the reader may sée in what part of the countrey the cities chiefe townes stand I take not farre amisse to place them in order as ensueth The names of the chiefe townes in Vlster Drogheda Carregfergus Downe Armach Arglash Cloagher Muneighan Doonnâ—…gaule Karreg mack Rosse Newry Carlingford Ardy Doondalke Louth The names of the chiefe townes in Leinster Dublin Balrudey Lâ—…e Swordes Tashâ—…ggard Lyâ—… Newcastle Râ—…mle Oughter arde Naas Clane Maynooth Kylcocke Rathayangan Kyldare Luianne Castletowne Philliâ—… towne Maryâ—…câ—…gh Kylcullen Castle marten Thystlederâ—… Kyles Athâ—… Catherlangh â—…helen â—…ouranne Tâ—…s â—…ne Encstyocle Cashelle Câ—…llanâ—…e Kylkenny Knocktofer Rosse Clonmelle Weiseforth Fernes Fydderd Enescorty Tathmon Wyckloe Ackloa The names of the chiefe townes in Mounster VVaterford Lismore Doongaman Yoghill Corcke Lymmerick Kylmallock
conuenient speede Encouraged with this persuasion they toke their course towards the north parts of Britain now called Scotland Marius othervvise called Aruiragus king of Britons where contrarie to their expectation Marius king of Britayne was readye to awayte their comming and with sharp batayle vanquishing them in fielde slewe Roderike with a greate number of his retinues Those that escaped with lyfe and soughte to him for grace he licenced to inhabite the vttermost end of Scotland This Marius HuÌ„frey Lluyd taketh to bee the same whome the Romain writers name Aruiragus and reigned about the yere of our Lord .70 a Prince of a noble courage and of no small estimation in his dayes as should seeme by that which is written of him His right name as the sayde Humfrey Lluyd auoucheth was Meurig But now concerning the Pights whether that those that escaped with lyfe got seates by king Meurigs graunte as aboue is specified or that getting to their shippes they withdrew into the Iles of Orkeney and there remayned Wyues they wanted also to increase their issue Picts mariyng vvith the Irish â—â— couenaunte the succession of their kings and bycause the Britons thoughte skorne to matche their daughters with such an vnknown and new comen nation the Pictes continued theyr firste acquaintaunce with the Irishe and by entreatie obteyned wyues from them with condition that if the crowne should happe to fall in contention they shoulde yelde thus muche to the prerogatiue of the woman that the Prince shoulde be elected rather of the bloud royall of the female kind than of the male Which order sayth Beda the Picts were well knowne to keepe vnto his tyme. But howe soeuer wee shall giue credit to this historie of the first comming of Pictes into this lande if we grant that to be true which Geâ—â—rey of Monmouth reporteth of this victorie obteyned by Marius agaynst the Pictes yet haue I thought good to aduertise the Reader that the Brytons of this I le were disquieted by y e nation long before the supposed tyme of the sayde king Marius For Mamertinus in his Oration entitled Panaegiricus Max. Dictus hathe these woordes speakyng of the conquest whiche Iulius Cesar had heere agaynst the Brytons but in that age sayeth he Brytayn was neyther furnished with anye shippes of warre for battayle on the Sea and the Romaynes after the warres of Affrike and Asia were well practised wyth the late warres agaynste Pyrates and after that agaynste Mithridates in whiche they were exercised as well by sea as lande Moreouer the Brytishe Nation was then vnskilfull and not trayned to feates of warre for the Brytons then beeyng onely vsed to the Pictes and Irishe enimyes people halfe naked throughe lacke of skill easily gaue place to the Romayns force so that Cesar myght onely as it were glorie in this to haue passed in that iourney ouer the Ocean sea See Diodotus Siculus lib. 6. cap. 9. vvho sayeth they should inhabite a portion of Britayne Heereby it shoulde seeme that the Pictes and Irishe did disquyet the Brytons before the commyng of Iulius Cesar into thys I le of Brytaine But whether they inhabited at that tyme in some parte of Irelande or in some of the out Iles by Scotlande eyther in any parte of Germanye or Scandinauia or else whether they were already settled in the farthest partes of Scotlande as in Cathnesse towardes Dungesbie heade wee haue not to affirme other than that whyche in Scotlande wee haue written Hector Boetius in followyng Hector Boetius whose opynion howe farre it is to bee suspected in matters of antiquitie I leaue to the consideration of others But for the fyrste comming as well of the Pictes as Scottes whome hee maketh inhabitauntes within thys Isle so long before eyther the name of the one nation or the other is remembred to haue had any gouernement hâ—â—re by any auncient or approued writer I cannot perswade my selfe that eyther Scottes or Pictes hadde any settled seates within the boundes of this I le of Britayne till after the birthe of oure Sauiour but that rather the Scottes as yet inhabiting in Irelande and in the westerne Isles called by the Romayne writers Hebrides and the Pights in the Isles of Orkneye called in Latin Orchades dyd vse to make often inuasions vppon the Britons dwelling vpon the coastes that flye neere to the sea syde ouer againste those Isles From whence they comming ouer in suche vessells or boates as the Fishermenne yet vse at length the Pights first aboute the yeare of our Lord .290 as Humf. Llhuyd hath noted See more hereof in England entred nerally into Cathnesse and other the north partes of Britaine where they settled them selues The Pictes vvhen they first inhabited Britayn and remoued the Britons that there inhabited before that time and shortely the Scottes likewise came ouer and got seates in the west partes ouer againste the Northe of Irelande The Scottes in Britayne and in those Western Iles which Iles they first got into their possession And in this sorte those nations Pightes and Scottes came first to inhabite here in this our Isle of Britayn HuÌ„frey Llhuyd as the sayd Humfrey Llhuyd not without aduised coniectures grounded vpon good reason and sufficient authoritie to leade him so to esteeme hath written in his short commentaries of the description of Britayn And verily I thinke we maye more safely beleue that whiche he anoucheth in this behalf than that which Hector Boetius setteth down sith for any thing I can perceiue his authorities beyng no suche warrant with them but wee may with good reason suspecte them But for the man himselfe euen as he hath verie orderly and with no lesse cunning than eloquence set downe dyuers thinges incredible and reported some other contrarie to the truth of the historie for the glorie of his nation as we may take it so in his excuse it may be alledged Geffrey Monmouth the traÌ„slater not the authour of the British history that hee was not the Authour of those matters but wrote what hee founde in Cambell Veremounde Cornelius Hiberâ—â—sis and suche other in lyke case as Geffreye of Monmouth wrote what hee founde in olde aunciente Britishe monumentes and was not the deuyser him selfe as some haue suspected of suche thinges as in hys Booke are by hym expressed But now to returne to the Pictes The doubt of the tyme of the coÌ„ming of Picts Scots into Britayne It may be that they came at seuerall tymes in like manner as the Scottes didde out of Irelande of whome the fyrste is remembred to be Ferguse the sonne of Ferquhard Ferguse kyng of Scots a man right skilful in blason of armorie hee himselfe bare a Lion gules in a field of gold The marble stone The marble stone wherof in the Scottishe historie is mencioned brought into Ireland by Symon Brechus and kepte tyll those dayes as a precious iewell this Ferguse obteyned towardes the prospering of his
iourney for that it was thoughte who so had the same in possession coulde not but obteyne souerayntie and rule ouer others as a king namely those of the Scottishe nation This stone Ferguse brynging into Scotland left it there But although that Ferguse be put in ranke among those Scottishe kings that shuld reigne in Britayn yet he bare smal rule there and was diuers tymes beaten back into Irelande where finally he was drowned by mysfortune within the creeke of Knockfergus Knockfergus That hee encountred with Coilus king of Britons as the Scots write is not possible as oure author hathe verie well noted excepte they mystake the name of Coilus for Cailus with whome the age of Ferguse mighte well meete the rather for that in the firste yeare of Cailus reigne the Pictes entred Ferguse immediately after them .330 yeeres ere Christe was borne where Coilus reigned in the yeare after the incarnation .124 124. about whiche tyme befell the second arriuall of the Pictes in Britayne And thus it maye bee they mistake by errour of the name Coilus for Cailus and the second arriuall of the Picts for the first But now to the course of the historie Whilest the Picts were seated in the north of Britaine and grew to a great multitude the Irish made sundry errandes ouer to visite theyr daughters nephues and kinsfolk and by their often comming and going they were aware of certayn waste corners and small Ilandes voyd of inhabitants as that which seemed rather neglected and suffred to lye waste Hereof they aduertised their princes Reuther or Reuda namely Reuther or Reuda who beeing descended of Ferguse determined to inuest himself in certaine portions of lande beside the Pictes He therfore wel appointed passed ouer and partly by composition partely by force got possession of those quarters whiche were desolate and began to erecte a kingdome there by little and little encreasing his limites and finally got betwixte the Pictes and Britayns possessing that countrey which tooke the name of him called Rheudersdahal and now Riddesdale as you would say Rhendas part for dahal in y e old Scottish tong signifieth a part In these quarters he coulde not settle hymselfe but that he was oftentymes assayled by the Britons that bordered next vnto him and at length his chaunce was to be slayne but the kingdome continued still in the handes of his successours The amitie betvvixt Scottes and Picts and the Pictes and Scottes grew in frendship togither permitting eche other to lyue in quyet The Scots nestled them selues in the Iles and coasts alongst the sea side The Picts held the middle part But shortely after the peace began to hang doubtfull betwixt them for the diuersitie of people place custom language Their fallyng out together with the memorie of olde grudges moued such iealosy and inward hate betwixte those nations that it seemed they were redy to breake out into open dissention vpon the firste occasion And as in suche cases there neuer wanteth one deuise or other to rayse tumults it chaunced that certaine of the Scottish nobilitie had got out of Greece as some write a Molossian hound which both in swiftnesse of foot and pleasantnesse of mouth was accompted peerlesse This hounde being stollen by a Picte was cause of the breache of peace Stryfe about a dogge so that cruell warres therof ensued as in the Scottish historie more at large appeareth But where some write that Eugenius shoulde reigne ouer the Scottes when this quarell fell out for stealing of this hound Hector Boetius sayeth it was in king Crathlinths dayes Moreouer it should seme by that which the same Boetius writeth that the hound or greihound for the which this trouble rose was not fetched so far as out of Grecia but rather bred in Scotland notwithstāding bicause the Latinists call such kinde of dogs Molossi for that the first generation of them or the like came from a citie of Gretia called Molosse it may be that some haue thoughte that this greyhounde came from thence for that he was so called after the name of that place frō whence the breed of him first came But to returne to the historie After the Scottes and Pictes had tugged togither a whyle Carausius agreeth them Anno Christ◅ 288. at lengthe one Carausius a Bryton labored a frendship betwixt them and bringing his purpose to passe perswaded them to lend him their help to expulse the Romaines out of Britayne but his happe was shortly after to be slayne by the Romaine capitayne Alectus And so newe sturres were in hand betwixt the Britons and Romaines the Scottes and Pictes for the most parte taking parte with the Britons till at length Maximus the Romayne lieutenant founde meanes to set the Scots and Picts at variance ioyning with the Picts in league vsed their ayde against the Scots whome he so earneslly pursued with all the power he might make that in the end they were vtterly expulsed out of all the coastes of Britayne The Scots expulsed See more of this matter in Scotlande 326. so that they fledde some into one parte somme into an other but the moste number gotte them ouer into Irelande and the Iles wher they remained for the space of .43 yeares and then at length returned thither vnder the leading of their prince Ferguse being the second of that name The Picts rooted foorth by the scots as they accompt him From thencefoorth the Scots kepte suche foote in Britayn that they encroched vpon their neighbors in suche wyse as they waxed stronger than the Pictes whom in the end they quite rooted foorth and nestled themselues in their seates althoughe nowe at their firste retourne they concluded a firme amitie with the same Pictes that ioygning theyr forces together they might the better make head agaynst bothe Romayns and Brytayns whome they reputed as common enimies to them bothe Thus the Scots a liuely cruell vnquiet ancient and victorious people got place within this Isle of Britayne mixed first with Britons secondly with Pictes thirdly and chiefly with the Irishe whiche after this tyme lefte their name of Scots vnto those in Britayne and chose rather to be called Irishe and then came vp the distinction of the name as Scotia maior for Irelande Scotia minor for the countreye inhabited by the Scots within Britayne But Cambrensis sayth Giraldus Cambrensis that the Scots chiefly preuailed vnder the leading of .6 valiant gentlemen sonnes to Murious king of Vlster who in the time of Neale surnamed the greate that enioyed the Monarchie of Ireland passing ouer into Scotlād to succour their coūtreymen there at length tooke vp for themselues certain parcels of ground which their posteritie were owners of in the time that Cambrensis liued to wit about the yeare of our Lord .1200 who treateth hereof more largely in his Booke intitled Topographia Britanniae Sith which time they haue bene euer taken reputed and named Scots the Pictish nation
Calendes of September After whose death Fitz Aldelme tooke from his sonnes the Castelles of Guikinlo by a craft assigning to them as it were by exchaunge the towne of Ferue where although it stoode in the myddest of the enimies Countrey they had buylded a strong Castell Walter Almaine Walter Almain also Aldelmes nephew tooke from Reymond such lands as he was seysed of in Dublin dale and aboute Wexford Moreouer where Aldelme had in commaundement from the king to restore vnto Fitz Stephans the Canthred of Ophelan being brybed to the contrarie he did not as he was commaunded but still remoued those captaines y t were knowne to be of any approued valiancie into places farre within the Countrey and where most daunger was suspected specially he sought by all wayes meanes to keepe vnder those of the lynage of Fitz Gerald deuising how to bring them out of credit and to depriue them of such liuings rowmthes and offices as they helde and had bene gyuen to them in recompence of their good seruice But whilest Fitz Aldelme went about only to establish himselfe and his friendes in the best and most quiet partes of Irelande his associate that valiant knight Iohn de Curcy victoriously conquered the countrey of Vlster which hitherto had not bene subiect to the king of England We reade in Giraldus Cambrensis that he fought fiue times with the enimies before he could establish his conquest there in any suretie twise at Doune as first shortly after Candlemasse secondly about Mydsommer where with a small power of men he discomfited .xv. thousand of his enimies The third conflict chaunced at Ferly in taking a bootie where by reason of the straytes narrow passages his people were put to the worse some slaine and some scattered and dispersed here and there among the Wooddes so that he had vneth xj knightes left with him and yet through hys high valiancie and manhood with those few he retyred stll in keeping off the enimies passing by the space of .xxx. myles a foote for they had lost theyr horses and at length got home to his castell after he had bene pursued by his enimies for the space of two dayes and two nightes not once suffred to rest nor to take any refection in all that time A thing straunge and worthy to be had in memory The fourth battayle which he fought wyth his aduersaryes was at Vrcell where also hee lost many of his men and the residue were put to flight The fifth encounter was at the bridge of Iuory vpon his returne forth of England in which place he went away with the victorie And thus in three battayles he had the vpper hande and in two tasted the chaungeable fortune of warre although with no lesse domage redounding to the enimie than to him selfe at both those times when he was so foyled at their handes To establish the conquest of Vlster Iohn de Curcy conquereth Vlster and other the parties of Irelande before enioyed Alexander the thirde of that name Bishop of Rome sent a Cardinall named Viuianus to signifie the tytle that king Henrie had to the soueraigne gouernement of that lande with a reseruation of Peter pens to be payde to the Church of Rome Peter pens and beside to denounce them accursed that woulde not yeeld and submit themselues vnto the sayd king but shew themselues rebels contrarie to their dutifull allegiance who bring as they were despisers and breakers of the ecclesiasticall Canons yet for a colour to mainteine their vnruly misdemeanors they had deuised to make Churches their barnes Churches made Barnes filling the same full of their corne graynes that the vitaylers and ◅urueyours of the kings campe should not in any wise meddle with the same for feare to run into the offence of sacrilege Therfore he licenced the kings officers in this behalf in curteous wise discretly to cōmune with such persōs as made the Church a sanctuarie for their graine and in time of neede to take thereof at reasonable pryces Little good did Fitz Aldelme and lesse was he like to do bycause he went about to crosse his Peeres and was therewith crossed agayne in his course of gouernment Hugh Lacie made lieutenant of Ireland wherevpon Hugh Lacie was made generall lieutenant ouer the whole I le vnder whō Miles Cogan Philip de Brewse Fitz Stephans Power and diuers other were appointed to the rule of diuerse countreys seuerally apart by themselues He buyldeth fortresses Lacy builded diuerse castels and fortresses through the coūtreys of Leynister Meth. The same yeare Miles Cogan his sonne in law Rauf Fitz Stephans the sonne of Robert Fitz Stephans were slaine betwixt Waterforde and Lismore by a traytor named Machtire as they sa◅ abrode in the fieldes togither staying for the men of Waterforde with whom they shoulde haue talked but the traytor with other in his cōpanie came behinde them with their Axes slue them out of hand They were appoynted to haue lodged with the sayde Machtire the night following as with him whome they tooke to be theyr assured friend And immediately hereupon al the countreys of Desmond and other there about beganne to reuolte from the Englishe obedience after that the same had continued in meetely good quiet vnder the gouernment of Robert Fitz Stephans Miles Cogan and Raufe Fitz Stephans slayne and Miles Cogan for the space of .v. yeres but togither nowe the rebels starting vp in euery corner set all in a broyle and droue Fitz Stephans to that extremitie that he was glad to kepe him within the Citie of Corg beset on eche side by his enimies that lay rounde about him till hys cousin Reymond came by water from Wexford with .xx. knightes and diuers other men of armes and archers to his ayde by whose assystance the enimies were in sundrie conflictes ouerthrowne and partly driuen out of the Countrey and partly reduced to their former obedience and so that tempestuous storme within a while was well calmed and all things brought into quiet Richard Cogā for shortly after Richard Cogan brother to Miles Cogan was sent from the king of Englande to succeede in rule of the Countrey in his brothers place And shortly after there arriued Philip de Barre the nephew of Fitz Stephans Philip de Barre aswell to ayde his vncle as to defende his possessions of Olethan giuen to him by Fitz Stephans and after iniuriously taken frō Raufe the son of Fitz Stephans The same time Giraldus Cambrensis brother to the same Philip de Barre Giraldus cambrensis goeth into Ireland and Nephewe likewyse to Fitz Stephan came ouer in companie with his brother to suruey the Countrey the description whereof with the Historie he afterwardes wrote out of whom we haue gathered the most part of that whiche we haue written here in the beginning of this Irishe historie the whiche for want of getting sight of his booke in time we haue bene constrayned to insert consusedly for
Quincie he that maryed hys syster Hauise had the Earledome of Lyncolne and so of a Baron became an Earle who had issue by hys wife Margerie Countesse of Lyncolne that was maryed to Edmonde Lacie Earle of Lyncolne William Earle Ferrers and of Darbie that had maryed Agnes syster to the sayde Ranulfe had the Castell and Manour of Chartley togyther wyth other landes for hys pourpartie Here is also to be remembred that the afore mentioned Erle Ranulf or Randulf whether ye list to call him atchieued many high enterprises in his time as partly in this booke ye haue alredie heard he held sore warres agaynst the Welchmen till at length an agreement was concluded betwixt him Llewellin prince of Wales I remember I haue read in an olde record that vpon a time as this Earle passed into Wales with an army his chance was to be ouerset by the Welch men so that he was driuen to retire into a castell wherin the Welchmen did besiege him ◅ir Roger ◅y is surna◅d Helle. And as it fortuned at that time Roger Lacy y e Conestable of Chester was not thē with him but left behind at Chester to see the Citie kept in order for as it should seem their solemne playes which cōmonly are vsed at Whitsuntide were then in hande or else their Faire which is kept at Midsommer The Erle therfore sent a messenger in all possible hast vnto his Conestable praying him with speed to come to his succors in that extreme poynt of necessitie Lacy made no delay but assembling all the foreyners players musitians others which he could find within that citie fit to wear armor went forth with them and in most speedy maner marched toward the castell where the Welchmē kept the Erle besieged who now perceyuing such a multitude of mē cōming towards them incontinently left the siege and fled away The Earle then being thus deliuered out of that present danger came forth of the Castell returned with hys Conestable vnto Chester and in recompence of that seruice he gaue vnto his sayde Conestable Roger Lacie the rule order and authoritie ouer all the foreyners players musitians and other strangers resorting to Chester at the time when such publike playes or else fayre shoulde be kept and holden Iohn Lacie the son of the sayd Roger maried Alice the daughter of Gylbert de Aquila and after hir deceasse he maried the Ladie Margaret the daughter of Robert Quincy Erle of Lyncolne of whom he begat Edmonde Lacie Conestable of Chester which Edmond after the deceasse of hys father maried Alice the daughter of the marques of Saluces in Italy which Lady was surnamed the Queene of whom he begat Henrie Lacy erle of Lincoln which Henry maried the Lady Margaret daughter to William Long espee Earle of Salisbury by whom he had two sonnes Edmōd and Iohn and two daughters Alice and Ioan which Alice Thomas Erle of Lancaster maried who claymed had the same rights and priuiledges which aunciently belonged to the sayde Roger Lacy and others the Conestables of Chester concerning the fines of foreyners and of other And this haue I the more willingly declared that it may appeare in what estimation credite the Lacies Constables of Chester by inheritance liued in their time of whose high valiancie and likewise of other of that familie highly commended for theyr noble chiualrie in martiall enterprises ye may reade in sundrie hystories at large But now to returne and speake of other doings which chaunced aboute the tyme in whiche the sayd Ranulfe Erle of Chester departed thys life The king in the meane while seazed into his handes a great portion of the treasure which Hubert de Burgh Earle of Kent had committed to the keping of the Templers but where as there were that trauailed to haue had him put to death the king in respect of the seruice which he had done to him and to his predecessors king Richard and king Iohn graunted him life with those landes which hee had eyther by purchase The Erle of Kent kept in prison within the castell of Vees or by gyft of king Iohn but neuerthelesse he caused him to be kept in free prison at the castell of the Vees vnder the custodie of foure knightes belonging to the Erles of Cornwall Warren Pembroke Ferrers whiche foure Earles were become sureties for him This yeare also about the same time to wit Mat. Par. A great thunder the morow after S. Martyns day chaunced great thunder and lightning which continued for the space of .xv. dayes togither to the great terror and feare of the people and namely of the Londoners which haue that kinde of weather so familiar to them that if there bee any abroade in the lande they haue their part thereof 1233 A wet sōmer Moreouer on the .xxiij. of March was heard an other great and terrible tempest of thunder after folowed a maruellous wette Sommer with many flouds Also on the .viij. day of April in the parties about Hereford Foure Sunnes beside the accustomed Sun and Worcester there appeared four Sunnes in the Element beside the naturall Sunne of red colour and a great circle of christaline colour the which cōpassed with his largenesse as it had bene the whole circuit almost of the whole realme of Englande Mat. Paris from the sides wherof went forth certaine halfe circles in whose sections appeared the sayd foure sunnes The naturall sonne was at the same tyme in the East part of the firmament for it was about the fyrst houre of the day or betwixt six and seuen in the morning the aire being the same time very bright and cleare The Bishop of Hereford sir Iohn Monmouth knight and many others beheld this wonderfull sight testified the same to bee moste true Mat. Par. And after this there followed the same yeare in those parties cruell warre slaughter terrible bloudshed and a generall trouble through England Wales and Irelande A straunge wonder About the same time to wit in Iune in the south parts of Englād neare to the sea coast two huge dragons appeared fighting in the aire and after a long fight the one ouercame the other and followed him fleeing into the depth of the Sea and so they were seene no more Moreuer in this yeare great variance strife rose betwixt the king and his barons for the king tooke great displeasure towards all other his officers Polidor and so muche the more he mistrusted them for that he found himselfe deceyued in the Erle of Kent to whom he had cōmitted a further credite than to any other and had made him high iustice of Englande onely for the good will that he alwayes bare vnto him The king beginneth to fauor strangers Therfore perceyuing this he was doubtfull now whom he should trust he discharged the most part of those Englishmē that bare any office about him in their roumes placed straungers as Poictouins and Brytaines of y
aswell in diuinitie as philosophie and humanitie bothe in verse and prose Also Steephen Langton that for his singuler knowledge was made high chancelor of the Vniuersitie of Paris and at length was admitted archebishop of Canterbury againste the will of Kyng Iohn in whiche quarell so greate trouble ensued as before ye haue partly heard Ralfe Coggeshall also liued in kyng Henryes dayes that wrote the appendix vnto the chronicle of Raufe Niger he was abbot of Coggeshall abbey in Essex wherof he tooke his surname William Lanthonie Peter of saint Sauiour a Chanon of the house called S. Sauior or of the trinitie by London Alexander Hales a frier of the order of the minors who wrote many treatises in diuinitie Richard surnamed Medicus a moste lerned phisition and no lesse expâ—… Philosophie the Maâ—…tals Ther is also remembred by maâ—…ter Bâ—…e the Earle of Chester Randulf the thâ—… and laste of that name who hauing greate knowledge and vnderstanding in the lawes of this lande compiled a booke of the same lawes as a witnesse of his greate skill therin Alexander Wendock Bishop of Chester Iohn Bâ—…e Edmund Riche Robert Riche â–ª Henry Bratton that is excellent lawyer who wrote the booke commonly called Bracton after his name entituled de consuâ—… inibus Anglicanis Richard surnamed Theologus Walter de Euesham Raufe Fresborne Laurence Somerâ—…oâ—… brother as is thought to Roberte Somerâ—…oâ—… at that time a cardinall of the Romaine Churche Nicholas Fernham a phisition Robert Bacon a notable diuine Simon Langton brother to the Archebishoppe of Canterbury Stephen Langton Richarde Fisaker Simon Stokes Iohn of Kent or Kantianus William Shirwoode Michaell Blaunpaine Iohn Godarde Vincent of Couentrye Albeâ—…e Vâ—…er Richarde Wiche Iohn Basing alias de Basing Stoke Roger Waltham Wylliam Seningham Robert Grosted that lerned byshop of Lincolne whose memorie amongst the lerned will remayn whilest the world lasteth Edward the fyrste 1272. An. reg 1. EDVVARDE the firste of that name after the Conquest beganne hys reigne ouer the Realme of of Englande â—…Vil Harison 〈◊〉 his chronoâ—…gie the xvj daye of NoueÌ„ber in the yere of the world 5239. of our Lorde .1272 of the Saxons â—…4 after the conquest 206. the vacation of the Empire after the deceasse of Frederike the the seconde as yet enduring though shortly after in the yere next following Radulf of Habspurge was elected Emperor in the third yeare of Philippe the third as then reigning in Fraunce and Alexander the thirde as yet lyuyng in gouernemente of the Scottishe Kyngdome Thys Edwarde the first when his father dyed beyng aboute the age of .xxxv. yeares olde was as then in the holy lande or rather in his iourney homewards but wheresoeuer he was at that present the nobles of the â—…aÌ„d after his father was departed this life 〈◊〉 VVest â—…vve Seale â—…de assembled at the new TeÌ„ple in London and causing a new scale to be made they ordeyned faithfull ministers and officers which shuld haue the treasure in keeping and the administration of iustice for the mayntenaunce of peace and tranquilitie wythin the lande and on the .xxij. daye of Nouember hee was proclaymed Kyng 〈◊〉 Dunst who after he had remained a time in the holy laÌ„d and perceyued himselfe destitute of suche ayde as hee looked for at the handes bothe of the Christians and Tartarians â—…at VVâ—… he left in the Citie of Acon certayn stipendarie souldiers and taking the sea sailed homewards 1273. arriuing first in Sicill where of Charles Kyng of that lande hee was honorably receiued and conueyed til he came vnto Caâ—…ta Vecchia in Italy where Pope Gregorye as then laye with his Courte of whome as of his olde friende that had bene wyth hym in the holy land he obteined that Erle Aldebrandino Roffo and Guy of Mountfort that had murthered the Lord Henry eldest sonne to Richarde Kyng of Almain might be sent for Earle Aldebrandino purged hymselfe â—…y de Montâ—… excoâ—…e but Guye de Mountfort was excommunicate as a violatour of the churche a murderer and a Traytour so as he was disenherited turn vnto the fourth generation til he had reconciled hymselfe to the church After this it is wonderfull to remember with what great honor kyng Edward was receyued of the Cities as he passed throughe the countreys of Tuskayne and Luâ—…ldy At his comming ouer the mountains at Ehâ—…n in Burgundy he was at a Iustes and tourny which then was there holden by the french men against the Englishmen the honor wherof remained with the Englishmen In this Torney the fight of the footmen was greate for the Englishemenne beeyng sore prouoked slewe manye of the Frenche footemenne but bycause they were but raskalles no greate accompte was made of them for they were vnarmed gaping for the spoyle of them that were ouerthrowen King Edward passing foorth came to the Frenche court where of his cousin germayn king Phillippe he was ioyfully receyued Here King Edwarde doing homage to the Frenche Kyng for the landes whiche he ought to holde of hym in Fraunce passed into Guyenne An. Reg. 2. Mat. VVest A disme graunted to the king and his brother A Tenthe of of the Clergye was graunted this yeare to the Kyng and to his brother Edmund Erle of Leycester and Lancaster by the Popes appointment for two yeares a chaplein of the Pope a Eascoin borne named Reymond being sent into EnglaÌ„d for that purpose who gaue parte vnto them and parte thereof he kept to himselfe 1274 towardes hys charges but the moste parte was reserued to the Popes disposing Whilest the Kyng remained in Gascoigne he had somewhat to doe againste certaine rebelles as Gaston de Bierne and other that were reuolted from hym The Castelles belongyng to the saide Gaston he subdued but his person he coulde not meete with Finally after he had set order in things aswell in Guyenne as in other places in the partes of beyonde the seas he hasted homewards Nic. Triuet K. Edvvard his returne home and came to London the seconde daye of August where he was receyued wyth all ioye that might be deuised The streetes were hanged wyth riche cloths of silke arras and tapestrie Mat. VVest the Aldermen and Burgesses of the citie threwe out of theyr wyndows handfulles of golde and siluer to signifye the greate gladnesse which they had conceyued of his safe returne the Cundits ran plentifully wyth white wine red that eche treature myght drink his fill Vpon the xix day of Auguste in this seconde yeare of hys raygne he was crowned at Westminster togyther with his wife Quene Elianor by the hands of Robert Kilwarby Archbishop of Canterbury At this coronation were present Alexander Kyng of Scottes and Iohn Earle of Britayn with their wiues that were sisters to Kyng Edward The Kyng of Scots did homage vnto Kyng Edward for the Realme of Scotlande in like maner as other the kyngs of Scotlande before hym had done to other Kyngs of England auncetours to this Kyng
of armed men and lykewise the Earle of Northumberlande with no lesse company came likewise to London and was lodged within the Citie hauing great friendship shewed towardes hym of the Citizens The Londoners frends to the Earle of Northumberlande who promised to assist hym at all tymes when necessitie required so that hys parte seemed to bee ouerstrong for the Duke if they shoulde haue come to any triall of their forces at that time The Duke laye with his people in the suburbes The Lords siâ—… in armour in the parliameÌ„â—… house and euery day when they went to the Parliament house at Westminster both partes went thither in armour to the great terror of those that were wise and graue personages fearing some mischiefe to fall foorth of that vnaccustomed maner of theyr goyng armed to the Parliamente house contrary to the auntient vsage of y e realme At length to quiet the parties The K. maketh an agreemeÌ„t betweene the duke of Lancaster anâ—… the Earle of Northumberland and to auoyde suche inconuenientes as mighte haue growen of theyr dissention the Kyng tooke the matter into hys handes and so they were made friendes to the ende that some good myghte bee done in that Parliamente for reformation of things touching the state of the Realme for whiche cause it was especially called but nowe after it had continued a long tyme and fewe things at all concluded newes came that the Lady Anne sister to the Emperoure Wenslaus and fyanced wife to the Kyng of England was come to Caleis wherevppon the Parliamente was proroged till after Christmas that in the meane time the marriage myght bee solemnised whyche was appoynted after the Epiphanie and foorthwith greaâ—… preparation was made to receyue the Bryde that shee myghte bee conueyed with all honor vnto the Kyngs presence Suche as shoulde receyue hir at Douer The Emperours sister aâ—…fyâ—…â—…o kyng Richard is receyued at Douer A watershakâ—… repayred thither where at hir landing a maruellous and righte straunge wonder happened for shee was no sooner out of hir Shippe and gâ—… to lande in safetie with all hir company â—…t that forthwith the water was so troubled and shaken as the like thing had not to any mans remembraunce euer bin hearde of so that the Shippe in which the appoynted Queene came ouer was terribly rent into peeces and the residue so beaten one againste an other that they were scattered heere and there after a wonderfull manner Before hir comming to the Citie of London shee was met on Blackheath by the Maior and Citizens of London 1382 in most honorable wise and so with greate triumph conueyd to Westminster where at the time appoynted all the Nobilitie of the Realme being assembled The Kings marriage with the Emperors sister shee was ioyned in marriage to the King and Crownes Queene by the Archbyshop of Caunterbury with all the glory and honor that might be deuised There were also holden for the more honor of the same marriage solemne Iustes for certayne dayes togither in which as well the Englishmen as y e new Queenes Countreymen shewed proofe of their manhoode and valiancie whereby prayse and commendation of Knightly prowes was atchieued not withoute domage of both the parties After that the solemnitie of the marriage was finished the Parliamente eftsoones beganne in the whiche many things were enacted for the behoofe of the common wealthe And amongst other things it was ordeyned that all maner manumissions obligations releasses and other bondes made by compulsion dures and menace in time of this last tumulte and ryot agaynste the lawes of the lande and good fayth should bee vtterly voyde and adnihillate And further that if the Kynges faythfull liege people did perceyue any gathering of the Commons in suspect wise to the number of sixe or seauen holding conuenticles togither they shoulde not stay for y e Kings writte in that behalfe for theyr warrante but forthwith it shoulde bee lawfull for them to apprehende suche people assembling togither and to lay them in prison till they mighte aunswere their doings These and many other things were established in this Parliamente of the whiche the most part are set foorthe in the Printed Booke of Statutes where yee maye reade the same more at large In tyme of thys Parliamente the Earle of Suffolke William Vfforde beeyng chosen by the Knyghtes of the Shires to pronounce in behalfe of the common wealthe certayne matters concerning the same The very day and houre in whyche hee shoulde haue serued that turne as hee wente vp the staires The suddayne â—…eath of the Earle of Suffolke towardes the vpper house he suddaynely fell downe and dyed in the handes of hys seruauntes busie about to take hym vp whereas hee felte no griefe of sicknesse when hee came into Westminster beeyng then and before merrie and pleasante ynough to all mens sights Of hys suddayne death many were greaâ—… abasshed for that in hys lyfe tyme hee 〈◊〉 shewed hymselfe courteous and amiable to all men The Parliamente shortly therevppon tooke ende after that the Merchauntes had graunted to the Kyng for a subsedie certayne customes of theyr woolles whiche they bought and solde called a Maletot to endure for four yeares The Lord Richard Scrope was made Lord Chancellor and the Lorde Hugh Segraue Lord Treasorer About the same time The Earle of Marche his good seruice whilâ—…st he 〈◊〉 depâ—…ie of Irelande the Lorde Edmonde Mortimer Earle of Marche the Kings Lieutenaunt in Irelande departed this life after hee had brought in manner all that lande to peace and quiete by his noble and prudente gouernemente In this season Wiclifâ—… doctrine Wiclife set foorthe dyuers Articles and conclusions of hys doctrine whiche the newe Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury William Courtney lately remoued from the Sea of London vnto the higher dignitie dyd what hee coulde by all shiftes to suppresse and to force suche as were the setters foorthe and maynteyners thereof to recante and vtterly to renounce What hee brought to passe in the Booke of Actes and monumentes set foorthe by maister Foxe ye may finde at large The Twesday next after the feast of Sainâ—…t Iohn Port latine an other Parliament began in whiche at the earnest sute and request of the Knyghtes of the shires Iohn Wrawe Priest Iohn Wrawe â–ª that was the chiefe doer among the commons in Suffolke at Bury and Mildenhale was adiudged to be drawen and hanged although many beleeued that hys lyfe should haue bin redeemed for some great portion of money A lewde fellowe that tooke vppon hym to bee skilfull in Phisicke and Astronomy caused it to bee published thorough the Citie of London that vppon the Ascention euen there would rise suche a pestilente Planet that all those whyche came abroade foorthe of theyr chambers before they hadde sayde fyue tymes the Lordes prayer then coÌ„monly called the Pater noster dyd not eate somewhat that morning before theyr going foorthe shoulde bee taken with sicknesse and
was borne first a Carmelite Frier professed in Norwiche and after going to Cambridge hee there proceeded Doctor hee was also confessor to the Duke of Lancaster and to his wife the Duches Constance a greate setter forthe of Pope Vrbanes cause againste the other Popes that were by him and those of his faction named the Antipapes Thomas Maldon so called of y e towne of that name in Essex where hee was borne Iohn Edoe discended out of Wales by lignage and borne in Herefordshire a Franciscane Frier Nicholas Fakinham borne in Northfolke a grey Frier proceeded Doctor in Oxford a great Diuine and an excellent Philosopher prouinciall of his order here in Englande Laurence Holbecke a Monke of Ramsey well seene in the Hebrewe tong and wrote thereof a Dictionarie Iohn Colton Archbyshop of Ardmach Iohn Marrey so called of a village in Yorkeshire where he was borne a Carmelite of Doucaster Richarde Chefer borne in Northfolke a diuine and an Augustine Frier in Norwiche Iohn Lathburie a Franciscane Frier of Reading Nicholas Poutz Richard Scrope brother to William Scrope Lord Treasorer of England studyed in Cambridge and proceeded there Doctor of both the lawes became an aduocate in the Court of Rome and afterwardes was aduanced to the gouernemente of the Sea of Couentrie and Litchfield and at length was remoued from thence and made Archbyshoppe of Yorke he wrote an inuectiue againste Kyng Henry and at length lost his head as before yee haue heard Iohn Wrotham a Carmelite Frier of London and after made Warden of an house of his order in Calays Iohn Colby a Carmelite Frier of Norwich William Thorp a Northerne man borne and studente in Oxford an excellent diuine and an earnest follower of that famous Clearke Iohn Wicklife a notable preacher of the word Actes and monuments page 631. c. and expressing his doctrine no lesse in trade of life than in speeche he was at length apprehended by commaundement of the Archbyshop of Caunterburie Thomas Arundell and committed to prison in Saltwood Castell where at length hee dyed Stephen Patrington borne in Yorkeshire a Frier Carmelite prouinciall of his order thorough England of whiche broode there were at that season .1500 within this land he was Byshop of Sainte Dauids and confessor to Kyng Henry the fifth about the fifth yeare of whose raigne he deceassed Robert Mascall a Carmelite Frier of Ludlowe confessor also to the sayde King who made him Byshop of Hereford Reginald Langham a Frier Minor of Norwiche Actonus Dominicanus Thomas Palmer warden of the blacke Friers within the Citie of London Boston of Burie a Monke of the Abbey of Burie in Suffolke wrote a Cataloge of all the writers of the Churche and other treatises Thomas Peuerell a Frier Carmelite borne in Suffolke hee was aduanced to the Sea of Ossorie in Irelande by Richarde the seconde and after by Pope Boniface the ninth remoued to Landaue in Wales and from thence called by Henrye the fourth with consente of Pope Gregorie the twelfth to gouerne the Sea of Worcester and so continued Byshoppe of that Citie till hee ended his life in the yeare of oure Lord .1418 whiche was about the sixth yeare of the reigne of King Henry the fifth Iohn Puruey an excellente Diuine proceeded master of arte in Oxforde hee was apprehended for suche doctrine as hee taught contrarie to the ordinaunces of the Churche of Rome See master Foâ—…e in his booke of 〈◊〉 and moâ—…rmeÌ„ is 〈◊〉 and was at length compelled by Thomas Arundell Archbyshoppe of Caunterburie to recante at Poules Crosse seauen speciall articles hee wrote diuers treatises and was the second time committed to prison in Henry y e fifth his dayes by Henry Chichley that succeeded Arundell in gouernement of the Church of Canterburie William Holme a grey Frier and a good Phisition for curing diseases of the body whatsoeuer his phisick was for the soule he liued til HeÌ„ry the fifth his daies and deceassed about y e fourth yeare of his raigne Nicholas Bayard a blacke Frier a Doctor of Diuinitie professed at Oxforde Thomas Rudburne Archdeacon of Sudburie and Byshop of Saint Dauids in Wales succeding after Stephen Patrington hee wrote a Chronicle and certaine Epistles as Iohn Bale noteth Nicholas Riston who being sore greeued in mind as diuers other in those dayes to consider what inconuenience redounded to the Church by reason of the strife and brawling among the Prelates for the acknowledging of a lawfull Pope two or three still contending for that dignitie wrote a booke entituled de tollende Sersmate Iohn Walter an excellent mathemeticien being fyrste broughte vp of a Scholer in the Colledge of Winchester and after studyed at Oxford Thomas of Newmarket taking that surname of the Towne in Cambridgeshire where hee was borne hee for his worthinesse as was thoughte was made Byshoppe of Careleill well seene both in other sciences and also in diuinitie William Anger a Franciscane Frier of an house of that order in Brigewater Peter Russell a grey Frier and of his order the prouinciall heere in England Iohn Langton a Carmelite Roberte Wantham a Monke of Cerneley in Dorsetshire wrote a Booke in verse of the originall and signification of wordes William Norton a Franciscane Fâ—… of Couentrie Hugh Sueth a blacke Frier and a great preacher Richard Folsham a Monke of Norwiche Robert Wimbeldon a singular diuine and an excellent Preacher as appeareth by the Sermon whiche hee made vpon this texte Actes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 page 653. Redde rationem villicationis tua King Henrie the fifth An. reg 1. Henry the .5 HENRY Prince of Wales son and heire to Kyng Henrye the fourth borne at Monmouth in wales on the ryuer of Wye after his father was departed this life tooke vpon him the regimente of thys Realme of Englande the twentith of Marche being proclaymed King by the name of Henry the fifth in the yeare of the worlde .5375 after the birth of one sauior 1413. the third or theraboutes 1413 of the Emperor Sigismond the three and thirtie of Charles the sixt king of Fraunce and about the fifth of Iames the first K. of Scotland Suche greate hope and good expectation was hadde of thys mans fortunate successe to followe that within three dayes after hys fathers deceasse diuers noble men and honourable personages did to him homage Homage done to king Henry before his coronation and swâ—…re to him due obedieÌ„ce which had not bin sene done to any of his predecessors kings of this Realm till they hadde bin possessed of the Crowne and receyued their oth well and truely to gouerne He was Crowned the ninth of Aprill The day of K. Henryes coronation a very tempestuous daye beeyng Passion Sonday which was a sore ruggie and vntemperate daye with wind snow and fleete that men greatly maruelled thereat making diuers interpretations what the same mighte signifie But what so euer mens fancies hereof might coniecture this King was the man that according to the olde prouerbe
they hadde shewed good proofe of their manhoode and valiant courages After that the Towne was thus wonne the Lord Montainie Captain of the Castell would not yeelde but made semblance as though hee meant to defend the place to the vtterance but after that hee was sharply called vpoÌ„ by Kyng Henry eyther to yeld it or else that he shoulde â—…e assured to haue all mercie and fauour sequeâ—…tred from him he tooke better aduice and therevppon being in despaire of reliefe made this composition that if he were not rescued by the French power by a certaine day he shoulde render the fortresse into the Kings handes with condition that he and his souldiers should be suffered to depart with all their goodes the habilimentes of warre onely excepted herevpon twelue host agres were deliuered to the King and when the day came being the tweÌ„tith of September Tit. Luâ—… Caen Castell yelded they within rendred the Castel into the Kings haâ—… and thus both the Towne and Castell of Caen became English Tit. Lâ—… Whilest the king was 〈◊〉 occupied about his conquests in Normandy 〈◊〉 Scottes assembled themselues togither in greate number and entring EnglaÌ„d The Scots inuade the English boâ—… wasted the countrey with fire and sword whersoeuer they came The English Lords that were left in trust with the keeping of those parties of the Realme reysed the whole power of the Countreys so that there came togither the number of an hundred thousand men vpon Baw More Tit. Liâ—… A great armys to reâ—…t the Scottes where the generall assemble was made and as it chanced the Duke of Exeter vncle to the K. which had lately before mustred a certayne number of men to conuey theÌ„ ouer to the K. as a new supply to his army there was y e same time in y e North parts on pilgrimage at Bridlington Tho. VVâ—…lâ—… and hearing of this inuasion made by the Scottes tooke vppon him to be generall of the army prepared against them and to giue them battel Also the Archb. of Yorke although he was not able to sit on Horsbacke by reason of his great age caused himselfe to be caried forth in a charet in that iourney the better to encourage other but the Scottes hearing that the Englishmen approched towarde them with such a puissance withdrew backe into their countrey and durst not abide the â—…ickering The same time the Lord Cobâ—…am Sir Iohn Oâ—…dcasteâ—… sir Iohn Oldcastell whylest hee shifted from place to place to escape the hands of them that he knewe would be glad to lay hold on him The serâ—… of the Aâ—… of saint Aâ—… goe aboue 〈◊〉 catch the 〈◊〉 Caâ—… had conueyed hymselfe in secrete wise into an husbandmans house not farre from S. Albons within the precinct of a Lordshippe belonging to the Abbot of that Towne the Abbots seruauntes getting knowledge heereof came thither by night but they missed their purpose for hee was gone but they caughte diuers of his men whome they carried streighte to prison The Lord Cobham heerewith was fore dismaied for that some of them that were taken were suche as he trusted most being of counsell in all his deuises In the same place were found bookes writen in english some of those bokes in times past had bin trimly gilte limmed beautified with Images the heads wherof had bin scraped off in y e Leâ—…any they had blotted forthe the name of our Lady of other saincts til they came to y e verse Parâ—…e nobis Domine Diuers writings were founde there also in derogation of suche honour as then 〈◊〉 thought due to our Lady the Abbot of saint Albons sent the boke so disfigured with scrapings blotting out with other suche writings as them were found vnto the king who sent the boke againe to the Archb. to shewe the same in his serâ—…s at Poules crosse in LondoÌ„ to y e end that the citizens and other people of the realme might vnderstande the purposes of those that then were called Lollards to bring theÌ„ further in discredit with the people In this meane time that y e king of Englande was occupied about y e winning at Caen the frenchemen had neither any sufficient power to resist him nor were able to assemble an hoste togither in this miserable necessitie by reason of y e dissention amongst theÌ„selues For their K. was so simple y t he was spoiled both of treasuâ—… kingdome so y t euery â—…an spent wasted boâ—…ared not what Charles y e Dolphin being of y e 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 or â—…vij yeres only Commendation of the Dolphin of France lamented beâ—…iled y e ruine decay of his couÌ„try he only â—…diâ—… y e aduancemeÌ„t of y t commoÌ„welth deâ—… how to resist his enemies but hauing neither 〈◊〉 nor mony he was greatly troubled disquitâ—… in his minde In conclusion by y e aduise câ—…sâ—… of y e Erle of Arminak 〈◊〉 conâ—… of France hâ—…und a meane to get all y e treasure and riches wâ—… his mother O. Isabell had gotteÌ„ horâ—… indiuers secret places for y e coÌ„moÌ„ defence and profit of his couÌ„try he wisely bestowed it in waging souldiors preparing things necessary for y t warre The O. forgetting y e great perill 〈◊〉 the realme theÌ„ stoode in remeâ—…ing only y e displeasure to hir by this act done 〈◊〉 a womaâ—…ish malice set 〈◊〉 husbaÌ„d Io. duke of Burgâ—… 〈◊〉 y e highest auctoritie about y e K. giuing him the regiment 〈◊〉 direction of the king and his realme with al preheminence soueraigntie The duke of â—…agne â—…d â—…et 〈◊〉 Fraunce The duke of Burgoigne hauing the sworde in his hande in reuenge of olde iniuries began to make warre on the Dolphin determining that when hee hadde tamed this yong vnbrideled Gentleman then woulde hee go aboute to wythstande and beare backe 〈◊〉 common 〈◊〉 of the realme The like reason moued the Dolphin for hee mynded fyrste to represse the auctâ—…ours of ciuill discorde before he woulde set vpon foraigne enemies and therefore prepared to subdue and destroy the Duke of Burgoine as the chiefe head and leader of that wâ—…ked and cursed mischiefe whereby the realme was muche vnquâ—…ted and fore decayed and in maner brought to vtter ruine Thus was Fraunce inflamed and in euery parte troubled wyth warre and deuision and yet no man woulde eyther prouide remedy in so greate daunger once put foorthe hys finger to remoue so greate â—…ies King 〈◊〉 following the victory and hys good successe 〈◊〉 the Duke of Clarence to the Sea coaste whiche with greate difficultie Bayeux taken got the towne of Bayenx wherof the Lorde Matreuers was appoynted Capitaine The Duke of Gloucester 〈◊〉 finding small resistance tooke the Citie of Liâ—… of whiche Citie Lyseaux taken Sir Iohn Kirkeley was ordeined capitaine In the meane time Kyng Henry hymselfe tarried still at Eaen fortefying the Towne and Castell and put out fifteene hundreth women and impotente persons replenishing
time shall amongst vs englishmen eyther appall his honor or blot out his glory whiche in so few yeares and shorte dayes atchieued so high aduētures Of lerned men writers these I finde remembred by Baleand others to haue liued in the dais of this noble and valiant king Henry the fift Fyrst Alain de Linne borne in Lynne and professed a Carmelite Frier in that town and at length became Prior of that conuent but proceeded doctor of diuinity in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge and wrote manye treatises Thomas Otterborne that wrote an historie of Englande is thought to liue aboute this season he was a Franciscan or grey Frier as they called them and a greate student bothe in diuinitie and philosophy Iohn Seguarde and excellent Poet and a Rhetoritian he kepte a schoole and read to his schollers in Norwich as is supposed writing sundry treatises reprouing aswell the profaning of the Christian religion in Monkes and Priestes as the abuse of poetrie in those that tooke vppon them to write filthye Verses and rithmes Roberte Rose a Frier of the Carmelites order in Norwiche commonly called the white Friers both an excellent Philosopher and a diuine hee proceeded Doctor at Oxforde he was promoted to bee Priour of his house and wryting diuers treatises amongest all the Sophistes of his tyme as sayeth Bale he offended none of the Wicleuists which in that season set foorth purely the worde of God as maye appeare by hys workes Iohn Lucke a Doctor of diuinitie in Oxford a sore enimie to the Wicleuists Rich. Caister borne in Norffolke Vicar of S. Stephens in Norwiche a man of greate holynesse and puritie in lyfe fauoring though secretly the doctrine of Wicliffe and reprouing in his Sermons the vnchaste manners and filthie example that appeared in the Clergie Of Sir Iohn Oldcastell Lord Cobham ye haue heard before William Walleys a blacke Frier in Lyn and prouinciall of his order here in England Rich. Snetisham a student in Oxford where he profited so greatly in lerning and wisedome that he was accōpted for the chiefest in all that vniuersitie in respect wherof he was made chancellor of the saint he was chosen also to be one of the xij to examine and iudge vpon Wiclifes doctrine by the Archbi of Canterbury Iohn Langdene a monk of Christs church in Canterbury another of the .xij. that were chosen to iudge of Wiclifes opinions William Taylor a priest and a maister of arte in Oxford a stedfast follower of Wiclefes doctrine and was brente for the same in Smithfield at London the secōd day of March in the yeare of our Lord .1422 and last of Kyng Henry the fifths reigne Richard Grasdale studied in Oxforde and was one of those .xij. that were appointed to iudge of Wiclefs doctrine William Lyndwood a lawyer excellently learned as well in the Ciuill as Canon lawes hee was aduaunced to the seruice of this king Henry the fifth and made by hym keeper of the priuye Seal was sent in ambassade bothe to the kyng of Spayne and of Portingale aboute businesse of most weightie importance It is said that he was promoted to the Bishopryke of S. Dauid Bartholomew Florarius supposed as Bale saieth by Nicholas Brigham to be an englishmā wrote a treatise called Florarium wherof he took his surname and also an other treatise of abstinence in whiche he reproueth certaine corrupte maners in the clergie and the profession of Friers mendicants Adā Hemmelington a Carmelite Frier studied both in Oxford and in Paris William Batecon be is placed by Bale about the tyme of other learned men which liued in king Henry the fifthes tyme but in what season he liued he saith he knoweth not he was an excellent Mathematician as by the title of hys workes which he wrote it shoulde appeare Titus Liuius de Foro Luvisijs lyued also in these dayes and wrote the lyfe of this Henry the fifth an Italian borne but sith he was bothe refiant here and wrote the lyfe of this Kyng I haue thought good to place him among other of oure Englishe writers One there was that translated the sayd historie into Englishe adding as it were by waye of notes in manye places of that booke sundrye thinges for the more large vnderstanding of the historie a copie wherof I haue seene belonging to Iohn Stow citizen of London There was also aboute the same tyme an other writer who as I remember hath followed the sayd Liuius in the order of his booke as it were chapiter for chapiter onely chaunging a good familiar and easy stile which the said Liuius vsed into a certayn Poeticall kinde of writing a copie wherof I haue seene and in the life of this king partly followed belonging to maister Iohn Twine of Kent a lerned Antiquarie and no lesse furnished wyth olde and autentike monumentes than ripe iudgemente and skilfull knowledge for the perfect vnderstanding therof as by the fruites of his labors parte wherof as I am enfourmed he meaneth to leaue to posteritie it will no doubt ryght euidently appere Henry the sixte 1422 Henry the .6 AFter that Death had bereft the worlde of that noble Prince King Henry the fyfth his only sonne Prince Henry beyng of the age of nyne moneths or thereaboute wyth the sounde of Trumpettes Anno. reg 1. was openly proclaimed kyng of England and of Fraunce the thirtie daye of August by the name of Henrye the sixte in the yeare of the worlde Fyue thousande three hundred eightie and nyne after the birth of our Sauiour .1422 about the twelfth yeare of the emperour Fredericke the thirde the fortie and two and laste of Charles the sixte and the firste of Iames the thirde king of Scotlande The custodie of this young prince was appoynted to Thomas duke of Excester and to Henry Beauforde Bishoppe of Winchester the duke of Bedford was deputed Regent of France and the Duke of Gloucester was ordeyned protectour of Englande whiche takyng vpon him that office called to hym wyse and graue counsellours by whose aduice he prouided and tooke order as well for the good gouernemente of the Realme of Englande and the subiectes of the same at home as also for the mayntenaunce of the warres abroade and further conqueste to be made in Fraunce appoynting valyant and expert capitaynes whiche shoulde be ready when neede required Beside this he gathered great summes of money to maynteyne men of warre and left nothing forgotten that might aduance his purposed enterprises Whyle these things were a doing in Englande the duke of Bedforde Regent of France studyed moste earnestly not onely to keepe and well to order the countreys by king Henry late conquered but also determyned not to leaue off from dayly warre and continuall trauayle tyll the tyme that Charles the Dolphin which was nowe a flote bycause king Charles his father in the Moneth of October in thys presente yeare was departed to God shoulde eyther bee subdued or brought to due obeysance And surely the death of this
all bloudie at the gate of the Clink which after was buried in the Churche adioyning Then were diuerse persons apprehended and indyted of treason whereof some were pardoned some executed Tho. Thorpe Thomas Thorpe seconde Baron of the Eschequer was committed to the Tower where he remayned long after for that he was knowne to be great friend to the house of Lancaster An. reg 39. During this trouble a Parliament was summoned to begin at Westminster in the month of October next following In the meane time the Duke of Yorke aduertised of all these things VVhethaÌ„sted The Duke of Yorke commeth forth of Ireland sayled from Dubline towardes Englande and landed at the redde banke neare to the Citie of Chester with no smal companie and from Chester by long iourneys hee came to the Ciâ—… of London which he entred the Fryday before the feast of S. Edward the Confessor VVhethaÌ„sted with a sword borne naked befor him with trumpets also sounding and accompanied with a great traine of men of armes and other of hys friends seruants At his coÌ„ming to Westm he entred the palace passing forth directly through the great hall stayed not till he came to the chamber wher the King and Lordes vsed to sit in the Parliament time A strange demeanor of the D. of Yorke coÌ„monly called the vpper house or chamber of the Peeres and being there entred stept vp vnto the throne royall theyr laying his hande vppon the cloth of estate seemed as if hee ment to take possession of that whiche was hys ryght for hee helde his hande so vpon that cloth a good pretie while and after withdrawing hys hande turned hys face towardes the people beholding theyr preassing togither and marking what countenance they made Whilest he thus stoode and behelde the people supposing they reioyced to see his presence the Archbishop of Canterburie Thomas Bourcher came vnto him and after due salutations asked him if he would come and see the King Wyth which demaunde he seeming to take disdaine answered briefely and in fewe wordes thus His bold speeâ—… I remember not that I know any within this realm but that it beseemeth him rather to come and see my person than I to goe and to see his The Archbishop hearing his answere went backe to the King and declared what answere he hadde receyued of the Dukes owne mouth After the Archbishop was departed to the king that lay in the Queenes lodging the Duke also departed and wente to the moste principall lodging that the king hadde within all his Palace breaking vp the lockes and doores and so lodged himselfe therein more lyke to a King than a Duke continuing in the same lodging for a time to the great indignation of many that could not in any wise lyke of such presumptuous attempts made by the sayde Duke to thrust himselfe in possession of the Crowne and to depose King Henrie who had raigned ouer them so long a time Maister Edwarde Hall in his Chronicle maketh mention of an Oration which the Duke of Yorke vttered sitting in the regall seate there in the Chamber of the Peeres eyther at this hys first comming in amongst them or else at some one tyme after the which we haue thought good also to set downe although Iohn Whethamsted the Abbot of Saint Albones who liued in those dayes and by all likelyhoode was there present at the Parliament maketh no further recytall of any wordes which the Duke shoulde vtter at that time in that his booke of Recordes where hee entreateth of this matter But for the Oration as maister Hall hath written thereof wee finde as followeth During the time sayth he of this Parliament the Duke of Yorke with a bolde countenance entred into the chamber of the Peeres and sat down in the throne roial vnder the cloth of estate which is the kings peculiar seate and in the presence of the nobilitie as well spirituall as temporall after a pause made he began to declare his title to the Crowne in this forme and order as ensueth MY singular good Lordes The Duke of Yorkes 〈◊〉 made to the Lords of the Parliament maruayle not that I approche vnto this throne for I sit here as in the place to mee by very iustice lawfully belonging and here I rest as to whoÌ„ this chaire of right apperteineth not as hee which requyreth of you fauour parcialitie or bearing but egal right friendlye indifferencie and true administration of Iustice For I beeing the partie grieued and complaynant cannot minister to my self the medicine that should helpe me as expert Leches and chirurgiaÌ„s may except you be to me both faithful ayders and also true Counsaylers Nor yet this noble Realme and our naturall Countrey shall neuer be vnbuâ—…led from hir dayly Feuer except I as the principall Phisition and you as the true and trustie Apothecharies consult togither in making of the potion and trie out the cleane and pine stuffe froÌ„ the corrupt and putrifyed drugges For vndoubtedly the root and bottom of this long festured canker is not yet extyrpate nor the feeble foundation of this fallible buylding is not yet espied which hath been and is the daylie destructioÌ„ of the nobilitie and the continual confusion of the poore comunaltie of this realme kingdome For all you know or should know that the high and mightie prince K. Richarde the seconde was the true vndoubted heire to the valiant conqueror renowmed prince K. Edward the third as son beire to the hardie knight couragious captaine Edward prince of Wales duke of Aquitaine and Cornwal eldest sonne to the said K. Edward the third which king was not onely in deed but also of all men reputed taken for the true and infallible heire to the wise and politique prince king Henrie the third as son heire to king Edwarde the seconde sonne and heire to king Edwarde the first the verie heyre and first begotten sonne of the sayd noble and vertuous prince king Henrie the thirde Whiche king Richarde of that name the second was lawfully and iustly possessed of the Crown and Diademe of this realme and region till Henrie of Darbie Duke of Lancaster and Hereforde sonne to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster the fourth begotten sonne to the sayde king Edward the thirde yonger brother to my noble auncester Lionel duke of Clarence the third begotten sonne of the sayd king Edward by force and violence contrarie both to the dutie of his allegiance and also to his homage to him both done and sworne raysed warre and battayle at the castell of Flinte in Northwales agaynst the sayde king Richarde and him apprehended and imprisoned within the tower of London during whose life and captiuitie he wrongfully vsurped and intruded vpon the royall power and high estate of this realm and region taking vpon him the name stile and authoritie of king and gouernour of the same And not therewith satisfyed and contented coÌ„passed and
shoutes and clapping of hands The Lordes were shortly aduertised of the louing consente whiche the commons frankely and freely of their owne free willes had gyuen wherevpon incontinently they all with a conuenient number of the most substanciall commons repayred to Baynards Castell makyng iust and true reporte of their election and admission and the louing assent of the commons The Earle after long pausing first thanked God of his greate grace and benefite then towards him shewed and the Lords and coÌ„mons also for their hartie fauoure and assured fidelitie notwithstanding like a wise Prince he alledged his insufficiencie for so great a roomth weightie burthen as lacke of knowledge want of experience and diuers other qualities to a gouernour apperteining but yet in conclusion beyng perswaded by the Archbyshop of Caunterburie the Byshoppe of Exeter and other Lordes then presente The Earle of Marche taketh vpon 〈◊〉 as King hee agreed to their petition and tooke vpon him the charge of the Kingdome as forfeited to him by breache of couenauntes established in Parliamente on the behalfe of Kyng Henry But now before we proceede any further sith the raigne of King Henrye may seeme heere to take ende we will specifie some such learned meÌ„ as liued in his time Iohn Leland surnamed the rider in respect of the other Iohn Leland that paynefull antiquarie of our time wrote dyuers treatises for the instruction of Grammarians Iohn Haynton a Carmelite or white Friet as they called them of Lincolne Roberte Colman a Frantiscane Frier of Norwich and Chancellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxford WilliaÌ„ White a Priest of Kent professing y e doctrine of Wicklife and forsaking the order of the Romayne Churche married a wife but continued his office of Preaching till at length in the yeare 1428. he was apprehended and by William B. of Norwiche and the Doctors of the Friers Mendicantes charged with thirtie articles which he maynteyned contrarie to the doctrine of the Romane Church then in vse and in September the same yeare suffered death by fire Alexander Carpenter a learned man set forthe a Booke called Destructorium Vitiorum wherin he enueygheth against the Prelates of the Churche of that time for their crueltie vsed in persecuting the poore and godly Christians Richarde Kendale an excellente Gramarian Iohn Bate Warden of the white Friers in Yorke but borne in the bordures of Wales an excellent Philosopher and a diuine he was also seene in y e Greeke tong a thing rare in those dayes Peter Basset Esquier of the priuie chamber to King Henrye the fifth whose life he wrote Iohn Pole a priest that wrote the life of S. Walburgh daughter to one Richard a noble man of this Realme of Englande whiche Walburg as hee affirmeth builded our Lady Churche in Andwerp Thomas Ismaelite a Monke of Sion Walter Hilton a Chartreaux Monke also of Sheene eyther of these wrote certaine treatises full of superstition as Iohn Bale noteth Tho. Walden so called of the Towne where he was borne but his fathers surname was Netter a white Frier of London and the three and twentith prouinciall gouernour of his order a man vndoubtedly learned and throughly furnished with cunning of the Scholes but a sore enimie to them y t professed the doctrine of Wicklife writing sundrye greate volumes and treatises againste them hee dyed at Rouen in Normandie the seconde of Nouember in the yere .1430 Richard Vllerston borne in Lancashire wrote diuers treatises of Diuinitie Peter Clearke a student in Oxforde and a defender of Wicklifes doctrine wherevpoÌ„ when he feared persecution heere in England he fled into Bohenie but yet at length he was apprehended by the Imperialistes and dyed for it as some write Fabian and Caxton but in what order is not expressed Roberte Hownde slow a religious man of an house in Howndeslow beside London wherof he tooke his surname Thomas WalsinghaÌ„ borne in Northfolke in a Towne there of the same name but professed a Monke in the Abbey of Sainte Albons a diligente historiciâ—…ie Iohn Tilney a white Frier of Yermouths but a student in Cambridge and proued an excellent diuine Richarde Fleming a Doctor of diuinitie professed in Oxford and by the King aduanced to the gouernement of the Bishopricke of Lincolne he founded Lincolne colledge in Oxford in which Vniuersitie he had bin studente Iohn Lowe borne in Worcestershire an Augustine Frier a Doctor of diuinitie and prouinciall in England of his order and by King Henry the sixth made firste Bishop of Saint Assaph and after remoued from thence to Rochester Thomas Ringstede the yonger not the same y t was Byshop but a doctor of the lawe and Vicar of Mildenhall in Suffolke a notable preacher and wrote diuers treatises Iohn Felton a doctor of Diuinitie of Magdalene Colledge in Oxforde Nicholas Botlesham a Carmelite Frier borne in Cambridgeshire and student firste in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge and after in Paris where he proceeded Doctor of Diuinitie Thomas Rudburne a Monke of Winchester and an Historiographer Iohn Holbroke borne in Surrey a greate Philosopher and well seene in the Mathematikes Peter Paine an earnest professor of Wiclifes doctrine and fearing persecution heere in England fled into Boheme where he remained in great estimation for his greate learning and no lesse wisedome Nicholas Vpton a Ciuilian wrote of Heraldry of colours in armorie and of the duetie of chiualrie William Beckley a Carmelite Frier of Sandwich and warden of the house there a diuine and professed degree of Schole in Cambridge Iohn Torp a Carmelite Frier of Norwiche Iohn Capgraue borne in Kent an Augustine Frier proceeded Doctor of diuinitie in Oxforde was admitted prouinciall of his order and proued without controuersie the best learned of anye of that order of Friers heere in England as Iohn Bale affirmeth hee wrote manye notable volumes and finally departed this life at Lynne in Northfolke the twelfth of August in the yere 1464. which was in the fourth yeare of K. Edward the fourth Humfrey Duke of Gloucester Earle of Pembroke and Lorde Chamberlaine of Englande also protector of the Realme during the minoritie of his nephew King Henrye the sixth was both a greate fauourer of learned men and also very well learned himselfe namely in Astrologie whereof beside other things hee wrote a speciall treatise entituled Tabula directionum Iohn Whethamsted otherwise called Frumentarius was Abbot of Sainte Alboâ—…s and highly in fauoure with the good Duke of Gloucester last remeÌ„bred hee wrote diuers treatises and among other a booke as it were of records of things chancing whilest he was Abbot whiche booke I haue seene and partly in some parcell of this Kings time haue also followed Roger Onley borne in the West countrey as Bale thinketh was acensed of treason for practising with the Ladye Eleanor Cobham by sorcerie to make the King away and was therof condemned and dyed for it though he were innocent therof as some haue thought he wrote a treatise entituled Contra vulgi supersâ—…iones
prosperitie in battayle agaynste his enimyes was maruellous hys dealing in tyme of perilles and daungers was colde and sober with great hardynesse If anye treason were conspired agaynste hâ—…m it came oute woonderfully Hys buyldings most goodly and after the newest east all of pleasure And so thys King lyuing all his tyme in fortunes fauour in high honour wealth and glorie for hys noble actes and prudent policies is woorthy to bee regystred in the Booke of fame least tyme the consumer of all worthie things shoulde blotte out the memorie of his name here in Earth whose foule wee truste lyueth in Heauen enioying the fruition of the Godhead and those pleasures prepared for the faythfull Of learned menne that lyued in hys dayes as Maister Bale noteth them these are recorded Firste George Rippeley a Carmelite Frier at Boston seene in the Mathematikes and wrote dyuerse Treatises and after hys decease was accounted a Nigromancien Iohn Erghom borne in Yorke a blacke Frier a doctour of Diuinitie professed in Oxforde studious of Prophesies as by the tytle of the workes whiche hee wrote it maye appeare Iohn Parceuall a Chartreux Monke Thomas Maillorie a Welchman borne wrote I wote not what of King Arthure and of the rounde Table Iohn Rousse borne in Warwikeshyre a diligent searcher of antiquities wherevpon few Libraries were any where to bee seene in Englande and Wales where he made not searche for the same and wrote sundrye Treatises of Hystoricall Argumentes He deceassed at Warwicke the fourtenth of Ianuarye in the yeare 1491. and was buryed in our Ladye Churche there Thomas Scrope otherwise surnamed Bradley descended of the noble familye of the Scropes professed sundrie kyndes of Religion as that of the order of Saint Benette and Saint Dominicke and likewyse hee became a Carmelite and last of all hee fell to and preached the Gospell in heare and sackecloth tyll hee vnderstoode hymselfe to bee in the displeasure of Walden and other that coulde not away with such singularitie in hym or other sounding as they tooke it to the daunger of bringing the doctrine of the Romishe Church in mislyking with the people for then hee withdrewe hymselfe to his house agayne and there remayned twentie yeares leading an Ankers lyfe but yet after that tyme hee came abroade and was aduaunced to bee a Bishoppe in Irelande Dromorensiâ—… Episcopus and wente to the Roades in Ambassade from whence being returned hee went barefooted vp and downe in Norffolke teaching in townes and in the countrey abroade the tenne commaundements Hee lyued tyll hee came to bee at the poynte of an hundred yeares olde and departed thys lyfe the fiftenth daye of Ianuarie in the yeare of oure Lorde 1491. and was buryed at Lessolfe in Suffolke Iohn Tonneys a Diuine and an Augustine Frier in Norwiche wrote certaine Rules of Grammer and other things printed by Richarde Pynson Geffrey surnamed the Grammarian Iohn Alcock Bishoppe of Elie chaunged a Nunâ—…ie at Cambridge into a Colledge named Iesus Colledge aboute the yeare of Chryst 1496. The chiefe cause of suppressing the Nunrie is noted to bee for that the Abbesse and other of the Conuent lyued dissolute lines Stephen Hawes a learned Gentleman and of suche reputation as hee was admitted to bee one of the priuie Chamber to King Henrie the seauenth William Byntre so called of a towne in Norffolke where he was borne by profession a Carmelite Frier in Burnham a great diuine William Gasâ—…on an Augustine Frier in Liâ—…ne and at length becaâ—…e prouinciall of his order Roâ—…e Faâ—…n a Citizen and Marchaunt of London an Hystoriographer hee was in his time in good estimation for his wysedome and wealthe in the Citie so that hee bare office and was â—…cesse in the yere 1494 William Celling borne beside Feuer hauâ—… in Kente a Monke of Canterburie Thomas Bouerchier discended 〈◊〉 the noble â—…ge of the Earles of Essex was first Byshoppe of Ely and after remooued from â—…nte to Canterburye succeeding Iohn Kempe in that Arbishoppes Sea at length created by Pope Paule the seconde a Cardinal Philippe Bronâ—…de a Dominicke Frier a deuine Iohn Myles a Doctor of both the lawes Ciuill and Canon he â—…yed in Oxforde in the Colledge of Brâ—…semose newly founded in the dayâ—… of this King Henrye the seuenth by William Smyth Bishoppe of Lyncolne Richarde Shiâ—… Bishop of Chichester and imployed in Ambassadâ—… to diuerse Princes as a manne moste meete thereto for his singular knowledge in learning and eloquence Robert Viduns Vicar of Thakesteede in Essex and a Prebendarie Canon of Wâ—…lles an excellent Poete Peter Kenighale a Carmelites Frier but borne of Worshipfull lygnage in Fraunce hauing an Englisheman to his father was student in Oxforde and became a notable Preacher Iohn Mortan fyrst Bishoppe of Elie and after Archbishoppe of Canterbury the .lxiij. in number that ruled that Sea he was aduaunced to the dignitie of a Cardinall and by King Hâ—…e the seuenth made Lorde Chauncellour a worthye Counsaylour and a modest hee was borne of worshipfull Parentes in Dorseâ—…shire and departed this life in the yeare of oure Lorde 1500. Henrye Medwall Chaplaine to the sayde Morton Edmunde Dudley borne of noble Parentage studyed the lawes of this lande and profited highly in knowledge of the same hee wrote a booke intituled Arbor Reipublicae the â—…ret of the common wealth of this man yet haue heard before in the life of this king and more God wylling shall be saide in the beginning of the nexte king as the occasion of the Historie leadeth Iohn Bâ—…kingham an excellent Schootman William Blackney a Carmelite Frier a doctor of diuinity and a Nigthmancâ—… Vâ—…n .iiij. King Henry the eyghte H. the eight NOwe after the death of this noble Prince Henrie the seuenth 1509. An. Reg. 1. his sonne Henrie the viij began his raigne the .xxij. day of April in the yeare of the worlde .5475 after y e byrth of our sauioure 1509. and in the xviij yere of his age in the .xvj. yeare of Maximilian then being Emperour in the .xj. yeare of Lewes the .xij. that then raigned in Fraunce and in the .xx. of king Iames the fourth as then â—…sing ouer the Scottes Whose style was proclaymed by the blasse of a trumpet in the Citie of London Henry the eight proclamed king the xxiij daye of the sayde Moneth with muche gladnesse and reioysing of the people And the same day he departed from his manour of Richmonde to the Tower of London where he remained closely and secretely wyth hys Counsayle till the funeralles of his father were finished Polidor Although this king nowe comming to the Crowne was but yong as before is sayde yet hauing beene in his firste yeres trained vp in lerning dyd for respect of hys owne suretye and good gouernement of his people prudently by aduice of his graundmother the Countesse of Richmonde and Darbie elect and choose forth diuers of the moste wise and graue personages to bee of his priuie Counsayle namely such as he knewe
desire of diuerse and of many sore despised and abhorred so that Proclamations were procured forth for the condemnation and prohibiting of his bookes as before you haue hearde Finally hee was apprehended at Andwarpe by meanes of one Philips an Englishman and then scholer at Louaine After hee had remayned in prison a long time and was almost forgotten the Lorde Cromwel wrote for his deliuerance but then in all haste bycause hee woulde not recant any part of hys doctrine hee was burned as before you haue heard On May day were solemne iustes kept at Greenwich An. reg â—… and sodainly from the iustes the king departed not hauing aboue six persons with him and in the Euening come to Westminster Of this sodaine departing many men mused but most chiefely the Queene who the next day was apprehended 〈◊〉 Anne â—…ued to Tower and brought from Grenewich to the Tower of London where shee was arraigned of high treason and condemned Also at the same tyme were apprehended the Lorde Rochford brother to the sayde Queene and Henrie Norrice Marke Smeton William Brereton and sir Francis Weston all beeing of the kings priuie Chamber These were likewise committed to the tower and after arraigned and condemned of high treason All the Gentlemen were beheaded on the skaffold at the Tower hill 〈◊〉 Anne beheaded but the Queene with in sworde was beheaded within the Tower And these were the wordes whiche shee spake at the houre of hir death the .xix. of May. 1536. Good christian people I am come hither to die for according to the law and by the lawe I am iudged to die and therefore I will speake nothing against it I am come hither to accuse no man nor to speake any thing of y t whereof I am accused condemned to die but I pray God saue the king and send him long to reigne ouer you for a gentler nor a more mercifull prince was there neuer and to me he was euer a good a gentle and a soueraigne Lorde And if any person will meddle of my cause I require them to iudge the best And thus I take my leaue of the worlde and of you all and I heartily desire you all to pray for me Oh Lorde haue mercie on me to God I coÌ„mende my soule Iesu receyue my soule diuerse tymes repeting those wordes till that hir heade was striken off with the sworde Bycause I might rather say much than sufficiently ynough in prayse of this noble Queene as well for hir singular witte and other excellent qualities of mynde as also for hir fauouring of learned men zeale of religion and liberalitie in distributing almes in reliefe of the poore I wyll referre the reader vnto that which master Foxe in his seconde volume of Actes and Monumentes doth write of hir where he speaketh of hir maryage Pag. 1198. and .1199 and also where hee maketh mention of hir death Pag. 1233. and .1234 of the impression .1570 Immediately after hir death in the weeke before Whitsuntide The king maryed Ladie Iane Seymer the King maryed the Ladie Iane Seymer daughter to sir Iohn Seymer knight whiche at Whitsuntide was openly shewed as Queene And on the Tuesday in Whitsunweeke hir brother sir Edwarde Seymer was created Vicont Beauchampe and sir Water Hungerforde Lorde Hungerford A Parliament The .viij. of Iune beganne the Parliament during the which the Lorde Thomas Howarde without the kings assent affled the Ladie Margaret Dowglas daughter to the Queene of Scottes and Nece to the King The Lord Th. Howard attainted of treason for which acte he was attainted of treason and an acte made for like offenders and so he dyed in the Tower and she remayned long there as prisoner In the time of this Parliament the Bishops and all the Cleargie of the Realme helde a solemne conuocation at Paules Church in London where after much disputation and debating of matters they published a booke of religion A booke published concerning religion by the king intituled Articles deuised by the kings highnesse c In this booke is speciallye mentioned but three Sacraments Also beside this booke certaine Iniunctions were giuen forth whereby a number of their holy dayes were abrogated and specially those that fell in haruest time Thomas Cromwel Secretarie to the king and maister of the Rolles was made Lorde keeper of the priuie Seale and the ninth of Iuly the Lorde Fitzwaren was created Earle of Bath and the morrow after the sayd Lorde priuie seale Thomas Cromwell was created Lorde Cromwell The .xviij. of Iuly he was made knight and Vicar generall vnder the King ouer the spiritualtie and sat dyuerse times in the conuocation amongest the Byshoppes as head ouer them The .xxij. of Iuly Henrie duke of Richmont and Somerset erle of Northampton base sonne to the King begot of the Ladie Tailebois departed this life at Saint Iames and was buryed at Thetford in Norffolke In September Thomas Cromwell Lorde priuie seale and Vicegerent sent abroade vnder the kings spirituall priuie Seale certayne Iniunctions commanding that the Parsons Eurates shoulde teach theyr Parishioners the Peter Noster the Aue and Creede with the ten Commaundements and Articles of the fayth in Englishe These Articles and Iniunctions being established by authoritie of Parliament and now to the people deliuered bred a greate mislyking in the heartes of the common people whiche had beene euer brought vp and trayned in contrary doctrine and herewith diuerse of the Cleargie as Monkes Priestes and other tooke occasion hereby to speake euill of the late proceedings of the King touching matters of Religion affyrming that if speedie remedie were not in tyme prouided the fayth would shortly be vtterly destroyed and all prayer and diuine seruice bee quite abolyshed and taken away Many sinister reportes slaunderous tales and feigned fables were blowne abroade and put into the peoples eares and diuerse of the Nobilitie did also what they could to styrre the commons to rebellion faythfully promising both ayde and succor agaynst the king The people thus prouoked to mischiefe and deceyued through ouer light credence incontinently as it were to mainteyne that Religion whiche hadde so manye yeares continued and beene esteemed they stiffely and stoutly conspired togither A trayterous conspiracie and in a part of Lincolnshyre they first assembled and shortly after ioyned into an armie being as it was supposed of men apt for the warres in number about twentie thousande Agaynst these rebels with all the hast that might be the king in proper person vppon intelligence thereof had marched towardes them being furnished with a warlike armie The Lincolnshire men in armes agaynst the king perfectly appoynted of all things that to suche a companie shoulde apperteyne The rebels hearing that his person was present with his power to come thus agaynst them began to feare what woulde follow of theyr doings and suche nobles and gentlemen as at the firste fauoured theyr cause fell from them and withdrew so that they beeing destitute
them was thought to be their tyraâ—…nous vow by them made which the English men certainly hearde of that when soeuer they fought and ouercame they woulde kill so many and spare so few a sure proufe wherof they plainly had shewed at the first onset gyuen where they killed all and saued not a man that came within their daunger An other respect was to reuenge their great and cruell tyrannie shewed at Paniar hough Paniar hough where they slue the Lorde Euers whome otherwise they might haue taken prisoner and saued and cruelly killed as many else of our men as came into their handes An other occasion also was their armor among them so little differing The apparel of the Scottes all clad alike in Iackes couered with white leather dublets of the same or of Fustian and most commonly all white hosen not one with eyther Cheyne brooch ring or garment of silke vnlesse cheynes of Laten drawne foure or fiue tymes along the vpper stockes or to vse maister Patrus wordes the thighes of their hosen and doublet sleeues for cutting This lacke for difference in apparell was the chiefest cause that so many of their great meÌ„ and Gentlemen were killed and so fewe saued The outwarde shewe the resemblance or signe wherby a straunger myght discerne a poore man from a gentleman was not among them to be seene as for wordes and goodly proffer of great raunsomes were as ryfe in the mouthes of the one as the other and it came hereby to passe that after at the examination and counting of the prisoners there were founde taken aboue twentie of their common Countrey people to one of theyr Gentlemen whom no man neede to doubt the Englishmen had rather haue spared than the other if they coulde haue seene any difference betweene them in taking And yet verily considering the case as it stande the Englishmen shewed more grace and tooke more to mercie than the respects afore mencioned might seeme to haue requyred For beside the Earle of Huntley who in good armor appoynted lykest a Gentleman of any among them The Earle of Huntley taken but coulde not then escape bycause he lacked his horse and happened to bee taken by sir Raufe a Vane and beside the Lorde of Yester Hubby Hambleton captaine of Dunbar Other prisoners taken the maister of Sanpoole the Larde of Wymmes taken by Iohn Bren a brother of the Earle of Cassels and besides one Montrel taken by Cornelius controller of the ordinaunce in the armie and one Camals an Irishe Gentleman and beside many other Scottish Gentlemen mo taken by diuerse other The number of the prisoners The prisoners reckened in the Marshalles booke were numbred to aboue fiftene hundred Touching the slaughter sure they killed not so many as for the tyme and oportunitie they might if they had mynded crueltie for the Lorde Protector moued with pitie of the sight of the dead bodyes The Lord Protector not desirous of slaughter and rather glad of victorie than desirous of slaughter soone after by gesse fiue of the clocke stayed his standart of his horsemen at the furthest part of these Campe westwarde and caused the Trumpets to sound are treate whereat also sir Raufe Sadler Treasurer whose great diligence at that tyme Syr Raufe Sadler and readie forwardnesse in the chiefest of the fray before did worthily merite no small commendation caused trauaile footmen to stay and then with muche trauaile and great payne made them to bee brought in some order againe which was a thing not easily done by reason they all as then were somewhat busie in applying theyr Market the spoile of the Scottish campe The spoyle of the Scottish campe where was founde good prouision of white breade ale Otencakes otemeale mutton butter in pottes â–ª chesse and in dyuerse rents good wine also and in some Tents among them was founde some siluer plate and Chalices whiche with good deuotion ye may be sure were plucked out of their colde clowtes and thrust into theyr warme bosomes The plot of theyr Campe called Edmonston edge nir Gilberton a place of the Lord of Brimstous halfe a mile beyonde Muskelbourgh and foure myles on this side Edenbourgh occupied in larginesse with diuerse Tentes and Tenticles that stoode in sundrie places out of square about a myles compasse wherein as the Englishmen vpon the sounde of the retreate were somewhat assembled they all with a lowde and entyre outcrie and hallowing A showte in signe of victorie in signe of gladnesse and victorie made an vniuersall noyse and showte the shrilnesse whereof as after was reported was heard vntill Edenbourgh It was a wonder to see but as they say many handes make lyght worke howe soone the deade bodyes were stripped out of theyr Garmentes stacke naked euen from as farre as the chase went vntill the place of the onset whereby the personages of the enimies myght by the way easily bee viewed and considered the which for the talnesse of theyr stature cleannesse of skinne The feature of the Scottish mens personages bignesse of bone with due proportion in all partes was suche as the beholders if they had not seene it woulde not haue beleeued that there had bene so many of that sort in all that Countrey Priestes or Kirkmen Among them lay many Priests Kirkemen as they call them of whom it was bruyted that there was a whole bande of three or foure thousande but it was founde afterwards not to be altogither so Among other baners standarts and pennoÌ„s a banner of white Sarcenet was founde A Baner of a Papists deuice vnder which it was sayd these Kirkemen came wherevpon was paynted a woman with hir heare about hir shoulders kneeling before a Crucifix and on hir ryght hande a Churche after that written in great Romaine letters Afflictae spousae ne obliuissaris It was sayde that this was the Abbot of 〈…〉 and whether it was 〈◊〉 or the Bishop of Dâ—â—â—els the 〈…〉 brother who as was sayde were both in the new his incaning was to signifie that the Churche made intercession to Christ hir husband 〈…〉 to forget hir his spouse being at that fyrst afflicted and persecuted by the Englishmen But whose deuise soeuer it was it maye seeme that thys Church comming thus to battaile full appoynted with weapon and garded with suche resort of Deacons to fight howsoeuer in painting he had set hir out a man might well thuâ—…e that in condition he had ruther framed 〈…〉 â—…pâ—â—anc that woulde placke hir husbande by the pace except shee had his will than lyke a meeke Spouse that went about humbly by submission and prayer to desire 〈◊〉 husbands 〈◊〉 for redresse of things amisse But now to leaue this Prelate wyth his afflictae and to make an ende with thâ—â— but â—…yâ—…e there was vpon this Fauxside bray a little Castell or pyle which was verie busie all the tyme of the battayle as any of the Englishmen came nic if to shootent theÌ„ with
which seconde session were confirmed and made diuerse and sundrie Statutes concerning religion whereof some were restored and other repealed At this time many were in trouble for religion and among other Sir Iames Hales Knight Sir Iames Hales in trouble for religion one of the Iustices of the Common place whiche Iustice being called among other by the Counsayle of King Edwarde to subscribe to a deuise made for the disinheriting of Queene Marie and the Ladie Elizabeth hir sister woulde in no wise assent to the same though most of the other did yet that notwithstanding for that he at a quarter Sessions holden in Kent gaue charge vpon the Statutes of King Henry the eyght and King Edwarde the sixth in derogation of the Primacie of the Church of Rome abolished by King Henrie the eight he was first committed prisoner to the Kings bench then to the Counter and last to the Fleete where whether it were through extreeme feare or else by reason of such talke as the warden of the Fleete vsed vnto him of more trouble like to insue if he persisted in his opinion or for what other cause God knoweth he was so moued troubled vexed that he sought to ryd himselfe out of this life whiche thing he first attempted in the Fleete by wounding himselfe with a Penknife well neare to death Neuerthelesse afterwarde being recouered of that hurt he seemed to be verye comformable to all the Queenes proceedings and was therevpon deliuered of his imprisonment and brought to the Queenes presence who gaue him words of great comfort neuerthelesse his mynde was not quiet as afterwarde well appeared for in the end he drowned himself in a riuer not half a mile from his dwelling house in Kent He drowneth himselfe the riuer being so shalow that he was faine to lye groueling before he coulde dispatche himselfe whose death was much lamented For beside that he was a man wise vertuous and learned in the lawes of the Realme he was also a good and true minister of Iustice whereby he gate him great fauor and estimation among all degrees A publike disputation During the aforesayde Parliament aboute the xviij daye of October there was kepte at Paules Church in London a publike disputation appoynted by the Queenes commaundement aboute the presence of Christ in the sacrament of the Aultar which disputation continued sixe dayes Doctor Weston then being Prolocutor of the Conuocation who vsed many vnseemely checkes and tauntes against the one part to the preiudice of their cause By reason whereof the disputers neuer resolued vpon the article proponed but grewe daily more and more into contention without any frute of their long conference and so ended this disputation with these wordes spoken by Doctor Weston Prolocutor It is not the Queenes pleasure that we shoulde herein spende anye longer time and ye are well ynough for you haue the word and we haue the sworde But of this matter ye may reade more in the booke of the Monuments of the Church At this time was Cardinall Poole sent for to Rome by the Queene Cardinall Pole sent for home who was very desirous of his comming as well for the causes afore declared as also for the great affection that shee had to him being hir neere kinseman and consenting with hir in religion This message was most thankfully receyued at Rome and order taken to sende the sayde Cardinal hither with great expedition but before his comming Queene Marie had maried Philip Prince of Spaine as after shall appeare But here to touche somewhat the comming of the sayde Cardinal When he was arriued at Caleys there was conference had amongst the Counsaylors of the Queene for the maner of his receyuing The Counsell deuided about the receyuing of the Cardinall some woulde haue had him very honorably met and intertayned as he was in all places where he had before passed not onelye for that he was a Cardinall and a Legate from the Pope but also for that he was the Queenes neare kinseman of the house of Clarence Neuerthelesse after much debating it was thought meetest first for that by the lawes of the realme which yet were not repealed he stoode attainted by Parliament also for that it was doubtfull how he being sent frō Rome should be accepted of the people who in xxv yeares before had not bene muche acquainted with the Pope or his Cardinals that therefore vntill all things might be put in order for that purpose he shoulde come without any great solemnitie vnto Lambeth where in the Archbishoppes house his lodging was prepared The thirde of Nouember nexte following Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury notwithstāding that he had once refused plainly to subscribe to King Edwardes will in the disinheriting of his sister Marie and alledging many reasons and arguments for the legittimation of both the Kings sisters was in the Guild-hall in London arreygned and attainted of treason namely for ayding the Duke of Northumberlande with horse and men against the Queene as aforesayde and the same time also the Ladie Iane of Suffolke who for a whyle was called Queene Iane and the Lorde Guilforde hir husbande the Lorde Ambrose and L. Henrie Dudley sonnes to the Duke of Northumberlande were likewise arreygned and attainted and therevpon led backe agayne to the Tower In the beginning of Ianuarie next following Ambassadors from the Emperour Charles the v. Emperor sent into Englande an honorable ambassade amongst whom was the Conte de Ayguemont Admirall of the low countries w t Charles Conte de la Laing Iohn de Montmorancie Lorde of Curriers and the Chauncellour Nigre with full Commission to conclude a mariage betwene Philip Prince of Spaine his sonne and heyre and Queene Marie as you haue hearde which ambassade tooke suche place that shortlye after all things were finished accordinglye But this mariage was not well thought off by the Commons nor much better lyked of many of the nobilitie who for this and for the cause of religion conspired to rayse warre rather than to see such chaunge of the state of the which conspiracie though there were many confederates yet the firste that shewed force therein was one Sir Thomas Wyat a knight in Kent who in very deede was driuen to preuent the time of the purposed enterprise by this happe Diuerse of the partakers in this conspiracie being withdrawne from London where they had deuised their drift home into their countries amongst whom the sayd Sir Thomas Wyat was one it fell out that whylest he was returned into Kēt where his lands and liuings chieflye laye a Gentleman of that shire one to the sayde Sir Thomas Wyat most deare was by the Counsell for other matters committed to the Fleete wherevpon he verily suspecting that his f◅r is were bewreyed had no other shift as he tooke it but to put on armour and to begin the attempt before the time appointed with his complices and herevpon giuing intelligence of his determination to his associates
skarfe to the executioner and therwith the executioner kneeled downe and asked the Duke forgiuenesse and the duke said God forgiue thee and I do and when thou dost thine office I pray ther do it quickely and God haue mercie to thee Then stood there a man and said my Lorde how shall I do for the money y t you do owe me And the D. said alas good fellow I pray thee trouble me not now but go thy way to my officers TheÌ„ he knit a kercher about his face and kneled down and said Our father which art in heauen c. vnto the ende and then he saide Christ haue mercie vpon me and layde down his head on the block and the executioner tooke the Axe The ende of the Duke of Suffolke and at the firste chop stroke off his head held it vp to the people Suche was the ende of this Duke of Suffolke a man of high nobilitie by byrthe and of nature to his friende gentle and courteous more easie in deede to be led than was thought expedient of stomacke neuerthelesse stoute and hardie hastye and soone kindled but pacified streight againe and sorte if in his heate oughte had passed him otherwise than reason might seeme to beare vpright and plaine in his priuate dealings no dissembler nor wel able to beare iniuries but yet forgiuing and forgetting the same if the partie woulde seeme but to acknowledge his faint and seke reconcilement Bountifull hee was and very liberall somewhat learned himselfe and a greate fauorer of those that were learned so that to many he shewed himself a very Mecoenas no lesse free oÌ„co uetousnesse than voide of pride disdainful hautinesse of mind more regarding plaine meaning men than claw back flatterers and this vertue hee had hee coulde patiently heare his faultes told him by those whom he had in credit for their wisedome faithful meanings towards him although somtime he had not y e hap to reforme himself therafter Concerning this last offence for the which he died it is to be supposed be rather toke in hand that vnlawfull enterprice through others perswasion than of his owne motion for anye malicious ambition in himselfe But nowe to let this duke reste with God we will proceed with the storie The same day or as some haue noted the day before a number of prisoners had their pardon and came throughe the Citie with their halters about their neckes They were in * The number of them that thus had their parponwere â—…40 number aboue two hundred Vppon the Saterday the .xxviij. of Februarie Sir William Sentlow was committed as prisoner to the master of the horse to be kept This Sir William was at this time one of the Lady Elizabeths Gentlemen Vpon the Sunday being the .xxv. of Februarie Sir Iohn Rogers was committed to the Tower Vpon the Tuesday in the same weeke being the .xxvij. of Februarie Gentlemen 〈◊〉 into Kent to be executed certaine Gentlemen of Kent were sente into Kent to bee executed there Their names were their the twoo Mantelles two Knenettes and Bret with these maister Rudston also and certaine other were condemned and shoulde haue bene executed but they had their pardon Sir Henrie Isley knight Thomas Isleye his brother and Walter Mantelle Execution suffred at Maydston where Wyat first displayed hys Baner Anthonie Kneuet and his brother William Kneuet with an other of the Mantelles were executed at Seuenocke Bret at Rochester was hanged in Chaines On Saterday the thirde of Marche Syr Gawen Carewe and Maister Gibbes were brought through London to the Tower wyth a companie of horsemen The fiftenth day of March next following Lady Elizabeth the Ladie Elizabeth the Queens sister and next beyre to the Crowne was apprehended at hir Manour of Ashridge for suspition of Wyats conspiracie and from thence beeyng that time verie sicke with great rigour broughte prysoner to London On the Sunday after beeing the .xvij. of March she was committed to the Tower where also the Lord Courtney Erle of Deuonshire of whoÌ„ before is made mention was for y e like suspition committed prisoner On Saterday next following being Easter euen and the .xxiiij. of Marche the Lorde Marques of Norhampton the Lorde Cobham sir William Cobham his son heire were deliuered out of the Tower where they had remained for a time being committed thither vppon some suspition about Wyats rebellion And not long after Queene Marie partly offended with the Londoners as fauorers of Wiats conspiracie and partly perceiuing the more part of them nothing well inclined towards hir proceedings in Religion which turned many of them to losse sommoned a Parliament to be holden at Oxforde as it were to gratifie that Citie which with the vniuersitie town and Countrey hadde shewed themselues verye forwarde in hir seruice A parliament sommoned aâ—… Oxford but not holden but speciallye in restoring of the Religion called Catholique for which appointed Parliement there to bee holden great prouision was made as well by the Queenes officers as by the Towne 〈◊〉 and inhabitauntes of the Countey 〈◊〉 But the Queenes mynde in thorte 〈…〉 and the sense Parliament was 〈…〉 Apryll nexte following wherein the Queene proponed two especiall matters the one for the maryage to bee hadde betweene hir and the Prince Philip of Spaine the other for the restoring agayne of the Popes power and iurisdiction in Englande As touching hir mariage it was with no greate difficultie agreed vppon but the other request coulde not bee easily obteyned The Bishops Craemer Laâ—â—â—er Ridâ—…ey sent to â—â—forde The tenth day of Aprill following Thomas Cranmax Archbishop of Canterburie Nicholas Ridley Bishop of London and Hugh Latimer once Bishop of Worcester who had beene long prisoner in the tower were nowe conuieyed from thence and caâ—â—ed to Wyndsort and afterwarde to the Vniuersitie of Oxforde there to dispute with the Diuines and learned men of the contrary opinion Two dayes after their comming to Oxford which was the .xij. day of the sayde moueth dyuerse learned men of both the vniuersities were sent in commission from the CoÌ„uocation which during this Parliament was kepte in Paules Churche in London to dispute wyth those prysoners Commissionâ—â—â— in certaine Articles of Religion The names of them that were in Commission were these following Of Oxforde Doctor Weston Prolocutor Cole Chedsey Pie Harpesâ—â—elde Smith Of Cambridge Yong Seton Watson Atkinson Theckuam Sedgewike The .xiij. day of Aprill these disputers assembled themselues in Saint Maries Churche to conuent the three persones aboue named vpon certaine Articles of Religion who being brought out of Prison before them were seuerally one after another examined of theyr opinions vpon the articles proponed vnto them whereof ye may read in the booke of Monuments of the Church more at large and there finde the whole proceeding in that matter Sir Thomas Wyat arraigned Sir Thomas Wyat of whome mention is made before was aboute this tyme brought from the Tower
Queene there is alledged my conference with Sir Thomas Wiat Sir Iames Croftes Sir Edwarde Rogers Sir Edwarde Warner Againste the marriage with Spaine and the comming of the Spanyardes hither whiche talke I doe not denie in sorte as I spake it and ment it and notwithstanding the malicious gathering this day of my conference proueth yet no leuying of warre There is also alledged for proofe of the same Article sir Iames Crofts cōfession which as you remember implieth no such thing but generall talk against the mariage with Spaine And of my departing Westwarde with the Earle of Deuon which the sayde Iames doth not auowe and therefore I praye you consider it as not spoken There is also for proofe of the sayde Article the Duke of Suffolkes confession with whom I neuer had conference and therefore he aduouched the tale of his brothers mouth who hath made my purgation in those matters and yet if the matter were proued they be not greatly materiall in lawe There is also alledged for the further proofe of the same Article and for deposing and depriuing the Queene of hir Royall estate and for my adhering to the Queenes enimes Cutbert Vaughans confession whose testimonie I haue sufficientlye disproued by sundrie authorities and circumstances and principally by your owne lawe which dothe require two lawfull and sufficient witnesses to be brought face to face Also for the taking of the tower of London there is alledged Winters depositions which vttereth my misliking when he vttered vnto mee Sir Thomas Wiats resolution and deuise for attempting of the sayde peece And last of all to enforce these matters mine owne confession is engrieued greatly against me wherein there doth appeare neyther treason neyther concelement of treason neyther whispering of treason nor procurement of treason And forasmuch as I am come hither to be tried by the lawe though my innocencie of all these pointes materiall obiected be apparant to acquite mee wherevnto I doe principallye cleaue yet I will for your better credit and satisfactions shewe you euidentlye that if you woulde beleeue all the depositions layde against me which I trust you will not doe I ought not to bee attainted of the treason comprised within my inditement considering the Statute of repeale the last parliament of all treasons other than suche as be declared in the xxv yeare of K. Edward the third both which statutes I praye you my Lordes may be redde here to the enquest Bromley No for there shall be no bookes brought at your desire we know the law sufficiently without booke Throckmor Do you bring me hither to trie mee by the lawe and will not shewe me the lawe what is your knowledge of the lawe to these mens satisfactions which haue my triall in hande I pray you my Lordes and my Lordes all let the statutes bee redde as well for the Queene as for mee Stanforde My Lord chiefe Iustice can shew the lawe and will if the Iurie doe doubt of any poynt Throckmor You knowe it were indifferent that I should knowe and heare the law whereby I am adiudged forasmuch as the statute is in Englyshe men of meaner learning than the Iustices can vnderstande it or else howe shoulde we knowe when we offend Hare You knowe not what belongeth to youre case and therefore we must teach you it appertaineth not to vs to prouide bookes for you neyther wee sit here to be taught of you you should haue taken better hede to the law before you had come hither Throckmor Bicause I am ignoraunt I woulde learne and therefore I haue more neede to see the law and partlye as well for the instructions of the Iurie as for my owne satisfaction which mee thinke were for the honor of this presence And now if it please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice I do direct my speach specially to you What time it pleased the Queenes maiestie to call you to this honourable office I did learne of a great personage of hir highnesse priuie counsayle that amongst other good instructions hir maiestie charged and enioyned you to minister the law iustice indifferently without respect of persons And notwithstanding the old error amōgst you whiche did not admit any witnesse to speake or any other matter to be hearde in the fauor of the aduersarie hir maiestie being partie hir highnes pleasure was that whatsoeuer could be brought in the fauor of the subiect shoulde be admitted to be heard And moreouer that you specially and likewise all other Iustices shoulde not persuade themselues to sit in iudgement otherwise for hir highnesse than for hir subiect Therefore this maner of indifferent proceeding being principally enioined by Gods commādement which I had thought partly to haue remembred you others here in Cōmission in the beginning if I might haue had leaue And the same also being commanded you by the Queenes owne mouth me think you ought of right to suffer me to haue the statutes red openly also to reiect nothing y t coulde be spoken in my defence and in thus doing you shal shew your selues worthy ministers and fit for so worthie a mistresse Bromley You mistake the matter the Queene spake those wordes to maister Morgan chiefe Iustice of the Common place but you haue no cause to complaine for you haue bene suffered to talke at your pleasure Ha◅e What woulde you doe with the Statute booke the Iurie doth not require it they haue hearde the euidence and they must vppon their conscience trie whether you bee guiltie or no so as the booke needeth not if they will not credite the euidence so apparant then they know what they haue to doe Cholmley You ought not to haue anye bookes red here at your appointment for where dothe aryse anye doubte in the lawe the Iudges sitte here to informe the Court and nowe you doe but spende time The attorney I pray you my Lorde chiefe Iustice repeate the euidence for the Queene and giue the Iurie their charge for the prisoner will keepe you here all day Bromley Howe say you haue you any more to saye for your selfe Throckmor You seeme to giue and offer mee the lawe but in very dede I haue only the forme image of the lawe neuerthelesse since I cannot be suffred to haue the statutes red openly in the booke I will by your pacience gesse at them as I may and I pray you to help me if I mistake for it is long since I did see them The statute of repeale made the last Parliament hath these wordes Be it enacted by the Queene that from henceforth none acte deede or offence being by acte of Parliament or statute made treason petit treason or misprision of treason by words writing printing ciphering deedes or otherwise whatsoeuer shall be taken had deemed or adiudged treason petit treason but only such as be declared or expressed to be treason in or by an acte of Parliament made in the xxv yeare of Edw. iij. touching and concerning treasons and the
Popes commissioner Thomas CraÌ„â—â—â— Archbyâ—â—op of Canâ—â—â—bury conâ—â—â—ned who neuerthelesse proceeded againste hym as Iudge and conuicted hym of Heresie According to the whiche sentence the one and twentith day of Marche next followyng hee was disgraded by Edmonde Bonner and Thomas Thirleby Byshoppes of London and Ely sente downe for that purpose and hee was burned in the same place where Ridley and Latimer before hadde suffered 〈◊〉 brent Before hys deathe by the perswasion of a Spanishe Frier named Frier Iohn a reader of Diuinitie in Oxforde and by the counsayle of certayne other that putte him in hope of life and pardon hee subscribed to a recantation wherein he submitted hymselfe wholly to the Churche of Rome and continued in the same mind to outwarde appearance vntill hee was broughte out of prison to goe to the fire Afore whose execution a Sermon was made by Doctor Cole Deane of Poules in Saint Maries Churche in Oxforde And in the ende of hys Sermon the sayde Doctor Cole prayed the people to encline their eares to suche things as the sayde Cranmer woulde declare vnto them by hys owne mouth for saith hee hee is a man verye repentaunte and will heere before you all reuoke hys errors Neuerthelesse hee dyd cleane contrarye and with manye teares protestedâ—… that hee had subscribed to the sayde recantation agaynste hys conscience onely for feare of deathe and hope of lyfe whyche seemed to bee true for when hee came to the stake and the fyre kyndled hee putte hys ryghte hande into the fyre and helde it there a good space saying that the same hande shoulde fyrste burne bycause it held the penne to subscribe agaynste hys Lorde God Immediately after the deathe of the sayde Byshoppe Cranmer Cardinall Poole made Archbyshop of Canterbury Cardinall Poole was made Archebyshoppe of Caunterburye who duryng the lyfe of the other woulde neuer be consecrated Archebyshoppe Who so desireth to see more of thys matter maye see the same at large in the Booke of the Monumentes of the Churche Persecution for religion where you shall also fynde that about thys tyme many were in trouble for Religion The eyght and twentith daye of the aforesayde moneth of Marche Newgate set on fire by the negligence of the keepers mayde of the gaole of Newgate in London who lefte a Candle where a greate deale of Strawe was the same was sette on fyre and brente all the tymber worke on the Northe syde of the sayd gate The Sommer nexte followyng was a newe conspiracie broughte to lyghte whyche was A conspiracy to haue raised warre in the Realme agaynst the Queene for mayntenaunce whereof theyr fyrste enterprise was to haue robbed the treasurie of the Queenes Exchequer at Westminster as it fell out afterwardes in proofe The vtterer of whyche conspiracie was one White who at the beginning was made priuie to the same wherevpon dyuers of the conspiracie namely Henrye Peckham Danyell Dethicke Vdall Throckmorton and Captayne Stanton were apprehended and dyuers other fled into Fraunce Moreouer Sir Anthony Kingston knight was accused and apprehended for the same Sir Anthony Kingston departeth thys lyfe Execution and dyed in the way comming to London The eyght and twentith of Aprill Throckmorton and Richarde Veale were drawen to Tiborne and there hanged and quartred The nintenth of May Stanton was likewise executed Ro. Greene. The eyght of Iune Rossey Dedike and Bedell suffered at Tiborne for the same offence Stow. The eyghtenth of Iune one Sands yonger son to the Lord Sands was executed at Saint Thomas Waterings for a robberie committed by him and others to the value of three M. pound The seuen and twentith of Iune eleuen men and two women were hadde out of Newgate and in three cartes conueyd to Stratford the bowe where for Religion they were brente to ashes An. reg 4. The eight of Iuly in the beginning of thys fourth yeare of y e Queenes raigne Henry Peckham and Iohn Danyell were executed Execution and after they were dead were headed on the Tower hill theyr bodyes were buryed in Barking Church This yeare the hote burning feuers and other straunge diseases which began the yeare before Great deathe consumed much people in all parts of Englande but namely of most auntient and graue men so that in London betwene the twentith of October and the last of December there dyed seauen Aldermen whose names were Henrye Heardson Sir Richard Dobbeslate Maior sir William Larston late Maior Sir Henrye Hoblethorne late Maior Sir Iohn Champneis late Maior Sir Iohn Aileph late Sheriffe and Sir Iohn Gressam late Maior Aboute this time came to London an Ambassador to the Queene from the Emperoure of Cathai Moscouia and Russelande An Ambassador out of Muscouia 1557 who was honorably receiued by the Merchants of London hauing trade in those Countreys who bare all hys costes and charges from the tyme of his entrie into Englande out of Scotlande for thither by tempest of weather he was driueÌ„ and there forced to land And after hys message and Ambassade done to the Queene hee departed agayne with three fayre Shyppes from Grauesende into hys Countrey when hee had remayned heere by the space of two monethes and more Also aboute thys tyme the Lorde Sturton for a verye shamefull and wretched murther committed by hym vppon two Gentlemen the father and the sonne of the surnames of Hargill beeyng hys neere neighbors was apprehended and committed to the Tower of London And although the Queene seemed to fauour hym muche as one professing the Catholyke Religion yet when shee vnderstoode the trueth of hys vile deede shee abhorred hym and commaunded that hee shoulde be vsed accordyng to Iustice wherefore shortly after he was brought to Westminster and there araigned and founde giltie and hadde iudgemente as a murtherer to be hanged And for the same fact were lykewise condemned foure of his seruantes and the seconde daye of Marche nexte following the sayde Lorde with hys sayde seruauntes were conueyde by the Queenes guarde from the Tower of London through the Citie hee hauyng hys armes pinioned at hys backe and hys legges bounde vnder the Horse bellie and so caryed to Salisbury where the sixth daye of Marche nexte hee was hanged in the market place The Lorde Stutton hanged and his foure seruauntes were hanged in the Countrey neere vnto the place where the murther was committed Thys yeare for the more parte A great deartâ—… and after great plentyâ—… there was in Englande a greate dearthe namely of corne for Wheate and Rye were commonly solde for fyue shillings and syxe shilings a busshell and in some places at hygher prices But in the later ende of the yeare toward Haruest the price fell so muche and specially after newe corne was come into the Barne that within lesse space than eyghte weekes from syxe Shyllyngs it fell to syxteene pence a busshell and lesse Thys presente moneth of Marche The returne of
to spare me to beholde this ioyfull day And I acknowledge that thou hast delt as wonderfully and as mercifully with me as thou diddest with thy true and faythfull seruant Daniell thy Prophete whom thou deliueredst out of the denne from the crueltie of the greedie and raging Lions euen so was I ouerwhelmed and onely by thee deliuered To thee therfore onely be thankes honor and praise foreuer Amen The second was the receyuing of the Bible at the little conduit in Cheape For when hir Grace had learned that the Byble in Englishe should there be offred she thanked the Citie therfore promised the reading thereof most diligently and incontinent commaunded that it shoulde be brought At the receyte whereof how reuerently did she with both hir handes take it kisse it and lay it vpon hir breast to the great comfort of the lookers on God will vndoubtedly preserue so worthie a Prince which at his honor so reuerently taketh hir beginning For this saying is true and written in the Booke of truth He that first seeketh the kingdome of god shal haue all other things cast vnto him Nowe therefore all Englishe heartes and hir naturall people muste needes prayse Gods mercie which hath sent theÌ„ so worthie a princâ—… and pray for hir graces long continuaunce amongst vs. Sunday the .xv. of Ianuarie Hir coronation hir Maiestie was with great solemnitie crowned at Westminster in the Abbey Church there by doctor Oglâ—…thorpe Bishop of Carleil Shee diâ—…ed in Westminster hall which was richly bâ—…ng and euerie thing ordered in suche royall maner as to suche a regall and most solemne feast apperteyned In the meane tyme whilest hir grace sat at dinner Sir Edwarde Dimmockeâ—… sir Edwarde Dimmocke knight hir Champion by office came ryding into the Hall in fayre complete armour mounted on a beautifull Courser richly trapped in clothe of Golde entred the Hall and in the middest thereof cast downe his gauntlet wyth offer to fight wyth hym in hir quarell that shoulde denye hir to bee the rightuous and lawfull Queene of this Realme The Queene taking a cuppe of Golde full of Wine dranke to hym thereof and sent it to hym for his see togither wyth the Couer And after thys The L. Maâ—… of London serueth the Queene of Ipocrasse at the seruing vp of the Wafers the Lorde Maior of London went to the Cupboord and fitting a cup of golde with Ipocrasse bare it to the Queene and kneeling afore hir tooke the assay and shee receyuing it of him and drinking of it gaue the Cuppe wyth the couer vnto the sayde Lorde Maior for his fee which Cuppe and couer weyed xvj dunzes Troy weight Finally this feast being celebrated with all royall ceremonies and high solemnities due and in like cases accustomed tooke ende wyth great ioy and contentation to all the beholders A Parliament Wednesday the .xxv. of Ianuarie the Parliament began the Queenes Maiestie ryding in hir Parliament Robes from hir Palaice of white Hall vnto the Abbey Churche of Westmynster with the Lordes spirituall and temporall attending hir likewise in theyr Parliament Robes Doctor Coxe sometime scholemaister to King Edwarde the sixt and nowe lately returned froÌ„ the parties of beyonde the seas 〈◊〉 Stow. where during the dayes of Queene Marie he had liued as a banished man preached nowe before the estates there assembled in the beginning of the sayd Parliament The first fruits and tenthes reâ—…ed to the â—â—â—ne In this Parliament the first fruits tenthes were restored to the crown and also the supreme gouernment ouer the state ecclesiasticall which Queene Mary had giuen to the Pope Likewise the booke of common prayer and administration of the Sacraments in our mother tongue was restored Moreouer in the time of this Parliament a motion was made by the common house A motioÌ„ made in the Parliament house that the Queenes Maiestie might be sued vnto to grauÌ„t hir graces licence to the speaker knights Citizens and Burgesses to haue accesse vnto hir graces presence to declare vnto hir matter of great importance concerning the state of thys hir graces realme The which petition being mooued to hir grace she most honourably agreed and consented therevnto and assigned a day of hearing When the day came the speaker and common house resorted vnto hir graces palaice at Westmynster called the white Hall And in the great Gallerie there hir grace most honourably shewed hir selfe readie to heare their motion and petition And when the speaker had solemnely and eloquently set forth the message the speciall matter whereof most specially was tomoue hir grace to mariage whereby to al our comforts wee might enioy as Gods pleasure should be the royall issue of hir bodie to raigne ouer vs. c. The Queenes Maiestie after a little pause made this answere folowing as nere as I could beare the same away Graft abr sayth Grafton The Queenes â—…re As I haue good cause so doe I giue to you my heartie thankes for the good zeale and care that you seeme to haue as well towarde mee as to the whole estate of your Countrey Your petition I gather to be grounded on three causes and mine answere to the same shall consist in two partes And for the first I say vnto you that from my yeares of vnderstanding knowing my selfe a seruitour of almightie God I chose this kind of life in which I doe yet liue as a life most acceptable vnto him wherein I thought I coulde best serue him and with most quietnesse doe my duetie vnto him From which my choise if either ambition of high estate offred vnto me by mariages whereof I haue recordes in this presence the displeasure of the Prince the eschewing the daunger of mine enimies or the auoyding the perill of death whose Messenger the Princesse indignation was no little tyme continually present before mine eyes by whose meanes if I knew or do iustly suspect I will not now vtter them or if the whole cause were my sister hirselfe I will not nowe charge the deade coulde haue drawne or disswaded me I had not nowe remayned in this Virgins estate wherein you see me But so constant haue I always continued in this my determination that although my wordes and youth may seeme to some hardly to agree togither yet it is true that to this day I stande free from any other meaning that eyther I haue had in tymes past or haue at this present In which state and trade of liuing wherwith I am so throughly acquainted God hath hitherto so preserued mee and hath so watchfull an eye vpon me and so hath guided me and ledde me by the hand as my full trust is he will not suffer me to go alone The maner of your petition I doe lyke and take in good part for it is simple and conteyneth no lymitation of place or person If it had bene otherwise I must haue mislyked it verie much and thought in you a verie great presumption being vnfitte
hym as then was supposed what the matters shoulde be And as for the tyme it was thought meete to bee as soone as possible myght bee agreed vpon And then after certaine dayes past it was signifyed by the sayde Archbishoppe that there was appoynted by suche of the Byshoppes to whome hee hadde imparted this matter eight persones that is to saye foure Byshoppes and foure Doctours who were content at the Queenes Maiesties commaundement to shewe theyr opinions and as he tearmed it render accounte of theyr fayth in those matters whiche were mentioned and that specially in wryting although he sayd they thought the same so determined as there was no cause to dispute vpon them It was herevppon fullye resolued by the Queenes Maiestie with the aduice aforesayde that according to theyr desyre it shoulde bee in wryting on both partes for auoyding of muche altercation in woordes and that the sayde Byshoppes shoulde bycause they were in authoritie of degree Superiours fyrste declare theyr myndes and opinions to the matter with theyr reasons in wryting and the other number beeing also eyght menne of good degree in Schooles and some hauing beene in dignitie in the Churche of Englande if they had any thing to say to the contrarie shoulde the same day declare theyr opinions in lyke manner And so eche of them shoulde delyuer theyr Wrytings to the other to be consydered what were to bee improoued therein and the same to declare agayne in wryting at some other conuenient daye and the lyke order to bee kept in all the rest of the matters all this was fully agreed vpon with the Archbishop of Yorke and so also signifyed to both partyes And immediately herevpon diuerse of the Nobilitie and States of the Realme vnderstanding that such a meeting and conference shoulde bee and that in certayne matters wherevpon the Courte of Parliament consequentlye following some lawes myght bee grounded they made earnest meanes to hir Maiestie that the partyes of thys conference myghte putte and reade theyr assertions in the Englishe tongue and that in the presence of them of the Nobilitie and others of the Parliament house for the better satisfaction and inhabling of theyr owne Iudgementes to treate and conclude of such lawes as myght depende herevpon Thys also beeing thought verie reasonable was signifyed to both partyes and so fully agreed vppon and the daye appoynted for the first meeting to bee the Fryday in the forenoone being the last of Marche at Westmynster Church where both for good order and for honour of the conference by the Queenes Maiesties commaundement the Lordes and others of the priuye Counsayle were present and a great part of the Nobilitie also and notwythstanding the former order appoynted and consented vnto by both partes yet the Bishoppe of Wynchester and his Colleges alleging they had mystaken that theyr assertions and reasons should be written and so onely recyted out of the Booke sayde theyr booke was not readie then written but they were readie to argue and dispute and therefore they woulde for that tyme repeate in speache that which they had to say to the fyrst proposition This variation from the order and specially from that whiche themselues had by the sayde Archbishoppe in wryting before requyred adding thereto the reason of the Apostle that to contende wyth wordes is profitable to nothing but to subuersion of the hearer seemed to the Queenes Maiesties Counsayle somewhat straunge and yet was it permytted wythoute any greate reprehension bycause they excused themselues with mistaking the order and agreed that they would not fayle but put it in writing according to the former order deliuer it to the other part and so the sayd Bishop of Wynchester and his Colleges appointed Doctor Cole Deane of Paules to be the vtterer of theyr myndes who partlye by speeche onely and partlye by reading of authorities written and at certayne tymes beeyng infourmed of hys Collegees what to saye made a declaration of theyr meanings and theyr reasons to theyr fyrst proposition which beeing ended they were asked by the priuie Counsaile if any of them had any more to be sayde and they sayde no. So as then the other parte was lycenced to shewe theyr myndes which they did according to the first order exhibiting all that whiche they mente to bee propounde in a Booke written which after a prayer and inuocation made most humbly to Almightie God for the enduing of them wyth hys holy spirite and a protestation also to stande to the Doctrine of the Catholike Church buylded vpon the Scriptures and the doctrine of the Prophetes and the Apostles was distinctly read by one Robert Horne Bachelour in Diuinitie late Deane of Duresme And the same beeing ended wyth some likelyhoode as it seemed that the same was muche allowable to the audience certaine of the Bishoppes began to saye contrarie to their former answere that they had nowe muche more to say to this matter wherein although they myght haue beene well reprehended for such manner of cauillation yet for auoyding of any mistaking of orders in thys colloquie or conference and for that they should vtter all that which they had to say It was both ordered and thus openlye agreed vppon of both partes in the full audience that vpon the Monday following the Bishops shoulde bring theyr myndes and reasons in wryting to the seconde assertion and the last also if they coulde and first reade the same and that done the other parte shoulde bring likewise theyrs to the same And being read eche of them shoulde deliuer to other the same wrytings And in the meane tyme the Bishops should put in writing not onely al that which Doctour Cole had that day vttered but all suche other matters as they anye otherwise coulde thinke of for the same and as soone as they might possible to sende the same booke touching that first assertion to the other part and they shoulde receyue of them that wryting which Maister Horne had there read that day and vpon Monday it shoulde be agreed what day they shoulde exhibite their aunswers touching the first proposition Thus both partes assented thereto and the assemblie quietly dismissed And therefore vpon Monday the like assembly beganne againe at the place and houre appoynted and there vpon what sinister or disordered meaning is not yet fully knowne though in some part it be vnderstanded the Bishop of Winchester and his Colleages and especially Lyncolne refused to exhibite or reade according to the former notorious order on Fryday that whiche they had prepared for the seconde assertion And therevppon by the Lorde keeper of the great Seale they being first gentlye and fauourably requyred to keepe the order appoynted and that taking no place bring secondly as it behoued pressed with more earnest request they neyther regarding the authoritie of that place nor theyr owne reputation nor the credite of the cause vtterly refused that to doe And finally being againe particularly euerie of them a parte distinctly by name requyred to vnderstande theyr
col 2. lin 10. for charges read Churches pa. 729. c. 1. li. 25. for arras read Artois page 733. col 2. line 15. for two s. of siluer read two s of siluer by the day pa. 761. col 2. l 52. for these read thence page 768. col 1. line 19. for Monthenisey read Montechensie pag. 770. col 2. li. 58. for to make against them read to make warre against theÌ„ pag. 773. co 1 li. 43. for Richard South well read Robert Southwell page 781 col 1. line 50. for the prince read that prince page 786 col 2. in the mergent ouer against the .27 line for Mountfort read Leycester Pag. 788. col 2. in the mergent ouer against the .42 line for Yorke reade Canterburie Pa 789. co 1. lin 2â—… and made knight put it out Page 790. col 2. line 31. the said Lord put out sayd Pa. 796. co 1. â—â— y e mergent ouer against the 24. line for Bristow faire reade Boston faire Pa. 808. c. 1. l 27. he there put out there Ead. col 1. line 36. for ceasse read seise Ea. c. 2. l. 9. for Turnim read Turmin Eadem col 2. line 15. for all read that Ead. col 2. line 33. for and other reade and the other Pa. 823. c. 1. in the mergeÌ„t oueragainst y e. 20. l. for K. Iohn read K. Edward Page 840. col 1. line 52. for contemptu read comitatu The same page and columne line 58. for mercariis read mercatis Pa. 843. c. 1. l. 5. for HeÌ„ry read HuÌ„frey Page 844. col 1. line 5. for accused read accursed Pa. 845 col 1. line 24. for might come read might not come Pa. 847. c. 2. li. 15. for lord chamberlain of the realme read Lord Chamberlaine of his house Pa. 858. c. 1. l. 14. for high chamberlein of Englande read high chamberleyn of the kings house P. 873. c. 1. li. 28. for HeÌ„ry read Herny Page 891. col 1. line 20. for Earle of Marche read Earle Marshall Page 895. co 2. li. 15. for Gleanor read Elizabeth P. 897. c. 2. l. 8. for scepter read charter Ead. col 1. lin 11. for kings read king Page 905. col 2. line 2. for Bethon read Bethuine Page 909. col 1. line 5. for Peter adde thereto or rather as some bookes haue Nichol Bahuchet Page 912. co 2. line 50. for the towne read the tower Page 917. for Countesse of Richmond read of MoÌ„tfort for as I take it she was not countesse til after that time Page 923. col 1. line 1. and so the diametre or compasse read thus and so the diametre that is the space ouerthwart the circle or compasse The same page col 2. line 58. for Henrie duke of Lancaster reade Henrie Earle of Lancaster for he was not created duke till the .27 yeare of king Edwarde the thirdes raigne as appeareth Page 937. col 2. line first for Earle of Norffolke read Earles of Norffolk and warwike for so hath one copie of Robert Auesbury although as I take it there was no Earle of Norffolke at that season Page 962. col 1 line 48. for Richmont read Montfort Page 967. col 2. line 13. and 14. for steward of England read stewarde of the kings house P. 969. co 1. li. 31. to the sea put out to Page 990. in the mergent for sir Simon Minsterworth read sir Iohn Minsterworth Page 1004. col 1. li 56. for Bond read Baude Pa. 1006. co 1. line 10. for benedicat de read benedicat to p. 1010. c. 1. l. 33. for abroad read abourd Pag. 1012. col 2. line 27. for partakers read partaker Pa. 1049. c. 2. line 1 for Hartelle read Hartecelle for so hath Froissart Pa. 1051. col 2. li. 11. for yoi read yuo Ea. co 2. li. 47. for Deberoux read Deueroux Pa. 1073. c. 2. li. 28. for erle read erles Ea. c. 2. li. 2. for returned read reformed Pag. 1097. co 2. lin 29. and .30 for earle of Marshal the duke read erle marshall duke Page 1098. col 1. lin 30. for Edmonde read Edward Pa. 1108. col 2. lin 55. Holt castell put in the mergent I take it not to bee Holt castell but rather Beeston as by the circumstances of the situation it should appeare Page 1110. col 2. line 10. for comming read communing Pa. 1117. col 1. li. 8. for his read theirs Page 1124. col 1. line 58. for following in this wise read in this wise following p. 1138. c. 2. l. 13. for Brone read Brone Page 1139. col 2. line 24. for sir Blunt read sir walter Blunt Page 1147. col 2. line 1. for townes read as of the townes Page 1150. col 1. line 17. for he should read they should Page 1153. col 1. line first vnder the picture for his kings read this kings Page 1156. col 2. li. 32. for Augus read Angus and so in other places where ye finde the u for the n. Page 1158. col 1. line 17. for casteau Chinou read chasteau Chinon Page 1174. co 2. li. 31. for nor read or Page 1180. co 2. line 27. for diuine persecution read permission Page 1187. col 2. line 13. for Kirkeley read Kikeley or Kighley Pa. 1205. c. 2. l. 27. for xl M. read lx M Page 1212. co 2 line 26. for which was read which were Page 1214. col 1. line 37 and 38. for la Marche read le Marche Page 1218. co 1. line 30. for 38. read 36 Page 1236. col 1. line 48. At the same time put out the period before at and make it a comma and the capitall A would be a small a. Page 1249. col 2. li. 18. for Motaigne read Mortaigne Page 12â—…4 col 2. line 1. for this indubitate read the indubitate The same page and columne lin 30. for Neures read Neuers Page 1262. col 2. liue 56. sent the Lord Fauconbridge read sent the Lorde Talbot with the L. Fauconbridge Page 1265 col 1 line 24. for Captain rede Captaines The same page col 2 liue 14 for taking rede takeÌ„ Page 1258 col 2 liue 19 for Frauncis Sureymes rede Francois de Surienne Page 1258 col 2 line 27 but steaderly manned adde tooke resolution â—â—â— attempt the gaming therof in this order Page 1268 although wrongly noted 1276 col 2 line 13 for by them rede by him Page 1275 co 2 line 37 for deuie rede deuice Page 1277 wrongly marked 1269 col 2 line 14 for aduancers reade aduancer Page 1280 col 1 line 18 put out and other places Page 1290 col 2 line 24 for Burstlier reade Burcheir Page 1295 col 1 line 27 of the Duke put out of Page 1297 col 1 line first all things adde to all things Page 1305 col 1 line 48 for prickes reade prickers Page 1310 col 2 line 31 for of the army reade of the same Page 1317 col 1 line 43 for King the seuenth rede King Henry the seuenth Page 1319 colum 1 line 3 for with hir person rede with
and from Amautre goeth to Yeresby Harby Brow and there taking in a rill on the left hande comming by Torpenny it goeth to Hatton castell Alwarby Byrthy Dereham so into the sea Thence we go about by the chappell at the point and come to a baie serued with two fresh waters whereof one rising westward goeth by Warton Raby Cotes so into the maine taking in a ril withall from by south Croco called Croco that coÌ„meth from Crochdale by Bromefield Vamus The second is named Wampole brooke and this riseth of two heades whereof one is about Cardew thence in lyke sorte it goeth to Thuresby Croston Owton Gamlesby Wampall the Larth and betwéene Whiteridge and Kyrby into the saltwater From hence we double the Bowlnesse and come to an Estuary whether thrée notable ryuers doe resorte and this is named the Soluey mouth but of all the first excéedeth which is called Eden and whose description doth followe here at hande The Eden descendeth as I heare from the hilles in Athelstane moore at the foote of Hussiat Moruell hill where Swale also riseth and southeast of Mallerstang forrest Eden FroÌ„ thence in like maner it goeth to MallerstaÌ„g towne Pendragon castell Wharton hall Netby Hartley castell Kyrkeby Stephen and eare it come at great Musgraue it receiueth thrée waters whereof one is called Helbecke Helbecke Bellow bycause it commeth from the derne and elinge mountaines by a towne of the same denomination the other is named Bellow and descendeth froÌ„ the east mountaines by Sowarsby and these two on the northeast the thirde falleth from Rauenstandale by Newbyggin Smardale Soulby Blaterne and so into Eden Orne that goeth from thence by Warcop and taking in the Orne about Burelles on the one side and the Moreton becke on the other it hasteth to Appleby Moreton thence to Cowlby where it crosseth the Driebecke Dribecke Trowt becke thence to Bolton and Kyrby and there méeting with the Trowt becke and beneath the same with the Liuenet Liuenet whereinto falleth an other water froÌ„ Thurenly méeting wyth all beneath Clebron it runneth finally into Eden After the confluences also the Eden passeth to Temple and soone after méeting with the Milburne and Blincorne waters Milburne Blincorne in one chanell it runneth to Winderwarth and Horneby where we will staie till I haue described y e water that méeteth withall néere the aforesayde place called the Vlse Vlse This water commeth out of a Lake which is fedde with sixe rilles wherof one is called the Marke Marke and neare the fall therof into the plash is a towne of the same name the seconde hight Hartesop Hartsop runneth froÌ„ Harteshop hall by Depedale the thirde is Paterdale rill the fourth Glent Roden Paterdale Roden the fift Glenkwent Glenkguin but the sixth runneth into the sayde lake south of Dowthwate Afterward when this lake coÌ„meth toward Pole towne it runneth into a small chanell and going by Barton Dalamaine it taketh in a rill by the waye from Daker castell Thence it goeth to Stockebridge Yoneworth and soone after méeteth wyth a prety brooke called Loder Loder comming from Thornethwate by Bauton and here a ril then by Helton and there another thence to Askham Clifton and so ioining with the other called Vlse they go to Brougham castel Nine churches Horneby and so into Eden taking in a ryll as it goeth that commeth downe from Pencath Beyng past Hornby our Eden runneth to Langunby and soone after receiuing a ryll that commeth from two heades and ioyning beneath Wingsel it hasteth to Lasenby then to kirke Oswalde on eche side whereof commeth in a ril from by east thence to Nonney there a ryl Anstable Cotehyll Corby castel Wetherall Neweby where I wyll staye till I haue described the Irding and such waters as fall into the same before I go to Carleill Irding The Irding ryseth in a Moore in the borders of Tindale néere vnto horse hed Crag where it is called Terne becke vntil it come to Spycrag hill Terne that deuideth northumberland and Gillesland in sunder from whence it is named Irding Beyng therefore come to Ouerhal it receiueth the Pultrose becke by east Pultrose and thence goeth on to Ouerdenton Netherdenton Leuercost and Castelsteade where it taketh in the Cambocke that runneth by Kyrke Cambocke Cambocke Askerton castel Walton and so into Irding which goeth from thence to Irdington Newby and so into Eden But a litle before it come there it crosseth with the Gilly that commeth by Tankin Gilly and soone after falleth into it After these confluences our Eden goeth to Linstocke castell and here it enterteyneth a brooke comming from Cote hill warde by Aglionby theÌ„ vnto Carleill which is almost enuironed wyth foure waters For beside y e Eden it receyueth the Peder Pedar alias Logus which Leland calleth Logus from south east This Peder ryseth in the hiles southwest of Penruddock from whence it goeth to Penruddocke then to Grastocke castell Cateley and Kendersidehall and then taking in a water from Vnthanke it goeth to Cathwade Pettrell way Newbiggin Carleton so into Eden northeast of Caerleill But on the north side the Bruferth brooke doth swiftely make hys entraunce running by Leuerdale Bruferth Scalby castell and Housedon as I am informed The thirde is named Candan if not Deua after Lelande which rysing about the Skidlow hilles runneth to Mosedale Caldbecke Warnell Saberham Rose Castell Dawston Brounston Harrington and west of Cairleill falleth into Eden which goyng from thence by Grimsdale Kyrke Andros Beaumont falleth into the sea beneath the Rowcliffe castell And thus much of the Eden which Lelande neuerthelesse describeth after another sort whose wordes I will not let to set downe here in this place as I finde them in his commentaries The Eden after it hath runne a prety space from his head Vlse after 〈◊〉 méeteth in time with the Vlse water which is a great brooke in Westmerlande and rysing aboue Maredale a myle west of Loder Loder it commeth by the late dissolued house of Shappe Priory thrée myles froÌ„ Shappe and by Brampton village into Loder or Lodon Certes thys streame within halfe a myle of the head becommeth a great lake for two myles course and afterwarde waxing narrow againe it runneth forth in a meane and indifferent botome The sayde Eden in lyke sort receyueth the Aymote about thrée myles beneath Brougham castell and into the same Aymote Aâ—…motâ—… falleth the Dacor becke already touched which riseth by north west in Materdale hilles foure myles aboue Dacor castell Dacor and then goyng thorowe Dacor Parke it runneth by east a good myle lower into Eymote a lyttle beneath Delamaine which standeth on the left side of Dacor In one of his bookes also he sayeth how Carleill standeth betwéene two streames Deua that is to saye the Deua which coÌ„meth thether from by southwest and also
the Logus that discendeth froÌ„ the south east He addeth moreouer howe the Deua in times past was named Vala or Bala Vala. and that of the names of these two Lugibalia for Caerleill hath béene deriued c â–ª And thus much out of Lelande but where it had the cause of this hys coniecture as yet I haue not reade Of thys am I certeine that I vse the names of most ryuers here and else where described accorcordingly as they are called in my time although I omitte not to speake here and there of such as are more auncient where iust occasion mooueth me to remember them for y e better vnderstaÌ„ding of our histories as they doe come to hande Blacke Leuen and white Leuen waters Leuen fall into the sea in one chanel and with them the Lamforde and the Eske Lamforde Eske the last confluence beyng not a full myle from the mayne sea The white black Leuen ioyning therefore aboue Bucknesse the confluence goeth to Bracken hill Kirkleuenton Tomunt at Tomunt water méeteth with the Eske In lyke sorte the Kyrsop ioyning with the Lydde out of Scotland at Kyrsop foote â—…irsop â—â—ydde running by Stangerdike side Harlow Hath water takyng in the Eske aboue the Mote it looseth the former name and is called Eske vntill it come to the sea Hauing in this maner finished the description of the courses of most of the ryuers lying vpon the west coast of our country now it resteth that wée cut ouer vnto the west side of the same and as it were call backe vnto mynde the most notable of such as wée erst omitted vntill we come at the Humber and from thence vnto the Thames â—…wede First of all therfore as touching y e Twede this I haue to note that the olde and auncient name of the Till that falleth into y e same is not Bromis Till from the heade as some doe nowe call it â—…romis and I following their assertions haue set downe but rather Brenniche â—…renniche beside that Lelande is of the same opinion I finde howe the kingdome of Brenicia tooke denomination of thys water and that only therof it was called Brenicia or Brennich and vpon none other occasion In my tractatioÌ„ also of y e Tine I reserued the courses of one or two waters vnto this booke of purpose but sithens the impressioÌ„ of the same I haue found the names courses of sundrye other which I will also deliuer in this place after I haue touched the Alen or Alon and one or two more which I appointed hether because that at the first I vnderstoode but little of them â—â—st Alen. The Alen or Alon hath two heades wherof one is called east Alen y e other west Alen. The first of them riseth south east of Sibton Sheles and going by Simdorp it taketh in a rill withall from by east After which confluence it runneth to Newshele Allington Caddon Olde towne and in hys waye to Stauertpele méeteth with the west Alen. The West Alen ryseth in the hilles aboue Wheteley shéeles â—…est Alen from whence it goeth to Spartwell Hawcopole Owston taking in a rill thereaboutes it procéedeth on to Permandby and crossing there another ril in lyke maner from by West it goeth to Whitefielde and ioyning soone after with y e east Alen they run as one to Stauert poole Plankforde and so into the Tine â—â—dde Into the north Tine likewise falleth the Ridde at Riddesmouth It riseth within thrée myles of the Scottishe marshe as Lelande saith commeth thorowe Riddesdale wherevnto it giueth the name Another writeth howe it ryseth in the rootes of the Carter Redsquire hylles â—â—elhop and ere it hath gone farre from the heade Cheslop it taketh in the Spelhop froÌ„ the north and the Cheslop on the south beside sundrye other wâ—…ld rylles namelesse and obscure and therfore not worthy to be remembred here After it hath passed Otterburne it goeth to the medow Howgh Woodburne Risingham Leame and so into the Tine a little lower then Belindgeham which standeth somewhat aloofe from north Tine and is as I take it ten myles at the least aboue the towne of Hexham Beneath y e confluence in like sort of both the Tines standeth Corbridge a towne sometime inhabited by the Romaines Corue and about twelue myles from Newcastell and hereby doth the Corue run that méeteth ere long with the Tine Not far of also is a place called Colchester wherby Lelande gesseth that the name of y e brooke should rather be Cole then Corue and in my iudgement his coniecture is very lykely for in the lyfe of S. Oswijn otherwise a féeble authoritie the worde Colbridge is alwaies vsed for Corbridg wherof I thought good to leaue this short aduertisement and hetherto of part of my former reseruatioÌ„s Now it resteth that I touch y e names of a few riuers beckes togither as Lelande hath left them whose order and courses may peraduenture hereafter be better knowne then they are to me at this present for lacke of sound instruction The Deuilles brooke Dill. he supposeth to be called Dill of a town not far of that is commonly called Dilstan Darwent wherby y e Tine doth runne As the Darwent also doth fall into y e Tine beneth Blaidon so doe sundry brookes into the Darwent in two chanels Blackeburne Horslop as Blackburne which goeth into Horslop burne as Horslop doth into Darwent on the east side and on the other banke the Hawkesburne Roueslop that ruÌ„neth into Roueslop as Roueslop doth finally into Darwent which is sayde to ryse of two heades whereof one is néere Knedon the other at Kidlamhope and after the confluence going to Hunsterworth alias Ridlamhope Blaunchelande Acton Aspersheles Blackehedley Pansheales Newlande Darwent cote by by north east whereof commeth in a ryll on the other side Spen Gibside Hollinside Swalwel and so into the Tine Hedley In like sorte Lelande speaketh of a water called Hedley that should fall into the Tine whose heade is at Skildrawe from whence it runneth to Vptthelde Lamsley Rauensworth towne Wickham Rauensworth castell Redhughe and so into Tine Southwest of Newcastel but he omitteth wickham brooke he sayth because it ryseth short of the towne and is but a little rill Finally y e Themis doth fal into Tine a mile or therabout aboue Getishead Themis not very far beneth Rauensworth castell rising ten miles by south into the land as Lelande hath likewise set downe Were Ptolomy wryting of the Were calleth it Vedra a ryuer well knowne vnto Beda the famous Priest who was brought vp in a monastery y t stood vpon his bankes It receiueth saith Lelande the Dernesse Dernesse Brome whereinto the Brome also doth emptie his chanell that ryseth aboue Repare parke as I haue béene informed In lyke sorte I fynde howe it admitteth lykewyse the Coue that commeth