you must looke to your eies for they are hurtfull In Latine it is called Cucumis Anguinus Syluestris and Erraticus The Apopothecaries and common people call it a wilde Cucumber His iuice is Elaterium it is made as well of the rootes as of the leaues but it is not so forcible as that which is made of the fruite Of all medicines there is none that continueth longer good than the same for Theophrastus writeth that it hath bene found good and forcible 200. yeares it ought not be vsed vntill it be three yeares old it is hot and dry by nature for which cause Dioscorides doth place it amongst poisons It is so vehement that when a woman vseth it in pessaries it killeth the fruite But we haue written of it also in the Introduction Fleawort The Gréekes do cal the séed of this herb Psyllium the Latinists Pulicariam by reason that the séed is like to Fleas or that it hindereth the bréeding of such vermin The Apothecaries do kéepe both the Latin Greeke names It is as some say cold in the second degrée is measurably drie and moist Others do ascribe great cold vnto it wherewith this following doth agree Albeit this séed be commodiously vsed as many places of this booke may witnesse yet hath it neuertheles his venom to wit when one vseth too much therof for that it maketh the whole body cold sluggish féeble and vnapt Against this may be vsed that which is prescribed for Coriander Crowfoote the Gréekes do call Batrachion the Latinists Ranunculum that is Frogwort either because it willingly groweth as Frogs do in moist places or for that the Frogs gladly hide themselues vnder it Some call this herbe Flammulam by reason of his burning nature for being applied gréene it doth not onely excoriate the place with paine but also if the flowers lie long thereon it maketh a hard escarre The beggars haue learned this so wel that therwith they open their legs and make them sore that they are lothsome to behold to the end that thereby they may get the greater almes As much as appertaineth to the venome of this herbe it is by nature hot and drie so that it burneth not only the outward parts but also the inward parts when it is taken inward The roote dried prouoketh néesing if one hold it a good while at a tooth it drieth so much that it falleth to peeces Apiâ—strum which the Apothecaries do call Apium risus is also of the same nature We call it water Crowfoote it is with vs very sharpe but much sharper and more venemous in the Iland Sardinia Al that eate therof are depriued of their vnderstanding the sinewes of their mouth and lips are so mightily conuulsed that the patient séemeth alwayes to laugh when neuertheles he dieth whereof that vulgar prouerbe is sproong Sardinius risus which is Sardinians laughing that is as much as when one laugheth where he had more néede to wéepe Now to cure this venome you are to giue to the harmed abundance of hony water and milk to drinke and annoint the body with some warming salue or to put the patient into a bath of warme water among which oyle is tempered and in fine to vse all things for this purpose that is to be vsed for the crampe and conuulsion of the sinewes Nightshade do the Greekes call Strichinos or Trichnos and the Latinists Solanum the which name the Apothecaries haue turned into Solatrum Hereof are foure kinds described by the learned whereof the first is garden Nightshade which may be eaten amongst other pot herbs The second sort are the winter Cherries whereof we will not write any thing The third sort prouoketh sléepe The fourth sort maketh men mad and out of their wits wherefore it is called in low Dutch Dulcryut that is Maddingwort The Nightshade that prouoketh sléepe is colde in the third degree like to Opium whereof we will speake shortly but it is not altogether so colde and albeit that sometimes the root of this herb is taken for the dropsie yet notwithstanding shal the same be forborne for it hath often hapned that when one hath taken too many of the berries that he thereby is become raging and mad yea so stiffe ouer al his body as though al his ioynts were dislocated This stifnesse accustometh commonly to endure thrée dayes so that some deceiuers accustome to vse the same to bring men into a misbeléefe as Plinie writeth If one take the waight of a dragme of this roote it maketh a man lusty friendly and causeth wonderful fantasies so that they séeme to be foolish and to haue forgot all shamefastnes And such as take two dragmes thereof they wil be wholy mad raging and if one take half an ounce then wil death follow for the said Pliny writeth that the Gréeks with such like meriments haue plaid the fooles whereby may easily be noted that these two species of Nightshade ought not to be vsed for any medicine inwardly And this foresaid making mad is none other than that the Gréekes cal Doryonion which was vsed in old time for the poisoning of arrowes The taste of this herbe is like milke it prouoketh hoarsnesse it hurteth the toong by his moisture it expelleth blood by vomit driueth out matter and filth by stoole euen as they that haue the red or bloody flixe Thus before those and such like accidents do appeare you may vse these remedies following to wit that the patient take much Hony water wherein Violets are sodden and then vomit it out againe In like maner are you to vse the milke of an Asse Goates milke or new warme wine wherein Annis seed is tempered or wherewith bitter Almonds are mingled The water wherein Mussels Crabs and such like are sodden is very commodious to be drunken for it yea Mussels themselues eaten raw and likewise clisters and in fine al that may draw the venom out of the body Nesingwort is of two sorts to wit white and blacke Néeseworts the Gréekes call it Elleborus and the Latinists veratrum nigrum whereof we haue at large discoursed in the Introduction We take this herbes name of the operation because it vrgeth néesing The auncient Phisitions make much a do with it and committed many follies by it Both these rootes are in vse yet it is with them as with other things that whosoeuer taketh thereof too much it is poison and bringeth him into the perill of death These rootes are hereby knowne to be venemous when as they are digged vp that the vapor of them riseth into the face of the digger that thereby he hath great paine in the head swelleth much wherefore it must be digged vp spéedily and the digger ought to stand with his back to the wind to eate some Garlick before and then drinke a good draught of wine after it Black Néesingwort killeth horses oxen and swine and purgeth downewards White Néesingwort is not so hurtfull for cattell and purgeth vpwards The
earth and he that is wise will not abhorre them Was not the water made sweet with wood that men might know the vertue thereof So he hath giuen men knowledge that he might be glorified in his wondrous workes And giueth thereupon a good lesson well to be noted and kept as that we should leaue off from sinne and not faile in our sicknesse that we should pray vnto God that he would heale vs and afterwards giue place to the Phisition What greater praise also can we haue of phisicke than that onely example of Christ our Lord and Sauiour what else was his whole life whilest he was amongst vs here vpon earth but first as it were a spirituall curing and healing of the soule and afterward also of the body shewing thereby that he was the true Phisition the onely healer and helper both of bodie and soule of man He made the blind to sée the deafe to heare the dumbe to speake the lame to go he cleansed the lepers stayed the bloudie flixe which all Phisitions could not do draue the diuels out of the possessed and to conclude he raised the dead Such expert and cunning Phisitions after him were his Apostles who oftentimes haue expounded this healing of the sicke to be a shadow of our saluation mysterie of his holy word and a rule or pathway for the whole life of a Christian Is not this a sufficient praise and commendation of this Art The heathen and wise men heretofore haue so estéemed of this great gift of God that they haue not onely ascribed the Art it selfe vnto the gods but also haue reuerenced all those that were skilfull in it with such honour as was due vnto their gods as we may reade of Apollo Aesculapius Chiron Machaon Paeon and also Hippocrates Phisicke is a sure pawne If thou regard riches what expert Phisition euer lacked wealth as Galen testifieth that respecteth and careth for it Most true it is that Phisicke is a most firme and sure pawne that defendeth the possessor from extreme pouertie An approued Phisition may go whither he wil euery where findeth he store of sicke and diseased people and if peraduenture some speake not well of him yet others will so that neuer he can want where euer he be Neither is there any vocation vnder the Sunne that is lesse hated and enuied then the estate of a Phisition for the greatest tyrant in the world if he fall into an extremitie of sicknesse and knowe a renowmed Phisition whom he hath euer hated and greatly iniuried his counsell will he séeke in the time of his infirmitie forgetting all rancor and euill will laying aside all the iniuries that passed betwéene them yea he will commit both life and death into his hands and afterward reward him honorably A godly Phisition also may saue the soule of an vngodly and vicious man for although he were neuer so wicked that neuer had once thought on God or his iudgement to come and falling into a great sicknesse of bodie very seldome séeketh for God but sendeth only for the phisition of the bodie who comming may very conueniently mixe spirituall phisicke with his corporall medicines admonish the diseased to repentance to sorow for his sinnes and to leade a more righteous life hereafter The sicke taketh his counsell kindly assuring himselfe that it procéedeth from a good mind and spoken by him that séeketh not onely to saue and prolong his life but also by Gods helpe to cure him of his present infirmitie And indéed we finde by daily experience that in such a case a godly Phisition more effecteth than a good Diuine or Preacher It is also an euen pathway for the Phisition to obtaine the blessing of God when he saith Come ye blessed inherit the kingdome of my Father which hath bene prepared for you euen from the beginning of the world for I haue bene sicke and you haue visited and comforted me c. Phisicke is thus defined or described Phisicke is an art which doth no lesse maintaine health The definition of Phisicke then cure and take away sicknesse Phisicke is a supplying of that which is wanting and a diminishing of that which aboundeth If any one list to heare a longer and larger discourse of this let him reade Galen in his booke De Arte medendi And albeit that there haue bene some learned men heretofore and peraduenture yet are that do séeme to scoffe and mocke at phisicke and Phisitions as Cato Plinie and the rest yet let them say what they list the art of phisicke shall to the end of the world well and worthily be estéemed and accounted Neither néedeth any one to be offended for that there are many that falsly vse and abuse the name and title of the Phisition thrusting themselues into phisicke that neuer learned the art neither studied or made any one thing in it deceiuing all men vnder a colour of faire spéeches and flatterie with costly apparell with chaines of gold and iewels so bedeckt and so adorned with euery costly thing that many are induced to wonder at them In Egypt were all Phisitions very gallantly and well maintained although they had but one particular remedie for one onely disease A Phisition as Homer saith is a man that is to be estéemed as a great number of men and Seneca speaking in the commendation of phisicke saith we buy of the Phisition an inestimable treasure namely life and health of bodie and we do daily find by experience both in Court and countrie that there is not a more ample vocation than that of phisicke for certainely we see that euery one striueth to be a Phisition and no sooner can any one either be pricked with a pin or stung with a Bee yea scant bitten with a flea but euery one straight waies giueth his counsell and as it were presenteth himselfe to be Phisition for the aggrieued patient The fourth Chapter The diuision of this present worke THe causes that haue induced me to compile and make this present booke The diuision of the whole worke I haue partly shewed before partly also intreated and very earnestly requested by such persons whom I could not and willingly would not denie a greater matter then this was as that I would comprehend in writing not onely such things as by long experience my selfe haue approued but also whatsoeuer I had either seene read heard or duly and truly obserued and noted amongst the most expert and learned Phisitions of all nations as well the auncient as later writers And that I would not onely write according to the cōmon custome Fiat secundum artem but as much as is possible and as neede shall require adde also the preparation of euery remedie for in this if a little error be once committed a great displeasure and fault might easily ensue the operation of the medicine weakened and oftentimes altogether lost and perished In fine this whole worke was made to the intent that euery good housholder in the time
in Sommer also increaseth choler which procéedeth from the liuer and gall that both lie on the right side In haruest groweth melancholy blood and then must the veine of the spléene be opened on the left side and in winter also In like sort it is ordained to be let blood for diseases of the heart in the spring of the liuer in sommer of the féete in haruest and of the head in winter And to the end it might more cléerely appeare at what speciall times phlebotomie may be vsed it shall now be shewed from moneth to moneth which times are most conuenient and which are not In Ianuary shalt thou by no meanes be let blood except necessitie constraine thée Ianuarie and that in diseases of the head In February if necessitie require mayest thou vse it Februarie In March it is altogether forbidden March In Aprill it is alwayes conuenient to open a veine but not the median Aprill In May it is very good and conuenient but not in legs nor féete May. In Iune if néed require thou mayest sometimes phlebotomize Iune In Iuly it is hurtfull by reason of the heate Iuly In August likewise vnlesse it be towards the latter end of the moneth August In September it is as conuenient as it was in Aprill or May. September October Noâ—ember In October and Nouember mayest thou also phlebotomize December In December is phlebotomie prohibited partly by reason of the extreme cold partly also because at such time there is small store of blood in the body of man There is a great abuse among the common people committed to looke for the signe in the Almanacke and so where the Moone resteth They make also great difference betwéene the height and lownesse drith and moistnesse of the signes also whether the Moone be new or full increasing or decreasing and diuers things more which of some very superstitiously are obserued Furthermore if the Moone be in Aries then it is forbidden to let blood in the head veine and vnder the tongue And if the Moone be in Taurus it is thought vnmeet to open any veines in the necke or to boxe or cup about the necke or shoulders When the Moone is in Gemini which rule the armes and is supposed to be a hote and moist signe the places gouerned are not to be touched Cancer is cold and moist where if the Moon be neither the hand nor the left arme ought to be touched Because Leo is hote and drie no phlebotomie is permitted concerning the heart Virgo is thought to be a very bad signe and to be cold and drie and to rule the guttes at which time ought neither phlebotomie nor any purgation to be vsed but all kind of Phisicke to be abandoned But I take it to be a great deale more méet that euery Phisition examine well the estate and maner of the diseased patient and to iudge wisely thereof and first to féele the pulses and seeke out the infallible signes of the infirmitie before he runne vp to heauen to see the celestial signes for in sharpe and very hote diseases there is no leisure to expect a good signe celestiall but immediatly to open a veine and that so often reiterated as néed shall require But in such like infirmitie must be the counsell of an expert Phisition be alwayes vsed for if phlebotomy in the like extremities be not in time adhibited life it selfe might oftentimes be indangered An admonition to those that let others blood §. 4. ALl those that let others blood must take great heed they enter not too déepe with their launcet for feare of pricking an artery or sinew because they are placed very neare vnderneath and about the veines And if a sinew be wounded or hurt great danger is like to ensue as Spasmus great tumors and swellings or other more grieuous accidents and at the last a terrible and hard death or at the least a resolution or lamenesse of the whole member so grieued for a wounded sinew is counted incurable as at another time and place at large shall be shewed Also if an Artery be touched then either gusheth forth that excellent blood of the heart in which the soule of man resteth or else Sinouia which very hardly will be stinted because rest and quietnesse in all consolidations and healings are required where indéede all arteries are in continuall motion But to stay the running of the Sinouia thou shalt haue very good and expert remedies in the fift part of this booke Notwithstanding it is sometime permitted to open an artery but only when the greatest need requireth that may be because as is already said it can by no meanes be done without great danger But because there is no such peril in the opening of some veines as is in others let this instruction that followeth he diligently obserued Head veine â—ate Median somwhat dangerous Liuer veine dangerous The spleene veine The Cephalicall or head veine is without danger for that there is neither artery nor sinew neare it The Median is somewhat perillous for there lieth a sinew iust vnder it which is to be regarded Basilica or liuer veine is not without danger for vnder it is placed both an artery and a sinew The Spléene veine hath no other danger but that it is small and hard to be pricked and therefore shall the hand first be laid in warme water But whatsoeuer is more to be said of these and the like other veines shall immediatly hereafter be declared Incision great or small In this point all Phisitions do agrée that wheresoeuer is great store and very thicke and grosse blood there must the incision be made the larger that the vapors and bad blood might the better issue forth for if it be not large inough then commeth forth the thinne and subtile blood and that which is grosse and bad remaineth behind But if the patients be very weake then of necessitie must the issue be made the lesse that their little strength be not ouerthrowne and their vitall spirits let out What is to be done before in and after the letting of bloud §. 5. WHensoeuer thou doest purpose to be let blood vse some foure dayes before meats that are subtile light and easie of digesture especially if thy blood be grosse thicke and heauy that thereby it be made thinner more flued and subtile and so much the easier issue forth neither is it amisse to bathe thy selfe two or thrée dayes before but not on the day appointed for letting of blood It is also good in the precedent dayes to vse the sirupes of vineger Note also that thou be not phlebotomised presently after awaking out of thy sléepe but rather two or thrée houres after it and when thou hast walked before All the learned Phisitions also do counsell although it be against the common custome not to open any veine the patient being fasting or not hauing eaten a new laid egge and drunke
ceasing of paine diminishing of flegme dissipation of windines to prouoke hunger to withdraw and to stay rheumes and to stanch bleeding He aduiseth also to vse it in a great paine of the belly procéeding of wind as the most true and present remedie namely to fasten a great box or cup on the place pained and often to renew it for thereby is the wind maruellously drawne forth and dissipated and not only for this but for the hardnes and other accidents of the spleene but without picking or opening of the skin But note that this boxing or cupping ought not to be vsed except the patient haue first of all throughly bene purged otherwise it doth draw the superfluous humiditie which lieth deepe vnderneath outward to the skin These boxes also are not to be set iust vpon the place affected but hard by it thereabout that by them the matter might be dissipated and withdrawne As for example if a woman had too many of her flowers continuing the cups or boxes shall be set vpon her brests In too much bléeding at the nose vpon the nauell and so in more places contrary still to the course of the blood or else vpon the veines whence the cause procéedeth likewise to prouoke or moue the termes in women the cups shall be fixed vpon the thighes in sore eyes behind the necke as in many places in this booke shall be shewed Thus much for the cupping without opening the skin .. But if thou wilt open the skinne also as commonly is vsed in diuers parts of the bodie and especially in any hard tumor or Schyrrhus or other swellings with a great distention and paine In like manner when thou wilt draw the peccant matter from the infected place to another as to remoue head-ach the cups are fixed on the caues of the legs with opening of the skin which also is done if the termes or flowers in women be stayed and in such like other accidents as hereafter in this booke at large shall appeare The tenth Chapter Of the diminishing of the bloud by Horsleaches THe third meanes whereby the blood is drawne forth of the body is that blood sucking water worme which the auncient Phisitions by their experience for the helpe of man haue found out These Horsleaches are of diuers and sundrie colours some blacke some red some gréenish and of many other colous They are all of them somewhat venemous but especially those that be partie coloured with greene stripes big and liue in stinking pooles which altogether are to be auoided Others that appeare in May and most of all about noone abide in other pooles and waters where also they are taken how to prepare them for to vse hath bene shewed in the sixt Chapter Before they be fastened the place must first be well chafed with water moistened and well scratched with the nailes then take they the better hold When they are fast annoint the place with warme oyle that it coole not and if they be fixed to either hands or féete then put that part into luke-warme water whereon they be fastened but if they draw or sucke not strong inough câ—â— off a litle peece of their tailes that the bloud may passe through them for they will not leaue sucking for all that vnlesse a little salt or a few ashes be cast vpon their heads or that they be stricken on the head with a little wand or rod or that they be burnt with a waxe candle After they be falne off thou shalt fasten a boxe or cup vpon the same place to draw out the remaining bloud and venome or else moisten it with a warme sponge and if it continue bléeding cast some meale on it and lay shéepes wooll dipped in oile vpon that or some other thing as in the fift part of this booke is taught how to stanch blood Here is also to be obserued that these horsléeches do not draw the blood out of the inward parts of the bodie but onely that which lieth in the flesh thereabout so that they can onely be vsed in place of boxes and especially in blacke melancholy blood which by nature they only suck forth And this is all the difference betwéene the vse of them and of cups In the application or fastening of Horsleaches they must be put into a quill réede or cane that they take hold of no other place but where they should It is furthermore well knowne that great store of superfluous humidities are expelled by baths sweat rubbing vomiting and such like but because these things must be altered augmented and diminished according to the estate of the person great héede ought to be giuen what here and there in this booke is spoken of them The eleuenth Chapter Of the sixe things not naturall called of the Phisitions Res non naturales THe cause why we make no mention of these sixe things is for that by them a generall rule of the life is to be obserued but most of all in the time of sicknesse when euery one according as necessitie requireth is taught what order is to be kept in euery of them The first is aire to wit what aire ought to be elected what to be refused and if neither of these may be by what meanes to correct it The second is mouing or motion which is not a litle to be regarded because some diseases require much mouing others litle and some none at all The third is sléepe and watching which is of no lesse account than motion The fourth is fulnesse and emptinesse which teacheth what order is to be followed in meate and drinke as also in hunger and abstinence the meanes also to restore that which either is wanting in the one or in the other The fift the accidents or motions of the mind as anger feare gladnesse sorrow loue hatred c. which oftentimes cause great chaunge and alteration both in sicknesse and in health The sixt is meate and drinke which is méete for euery disease which vnméete Of the which in euery particular disease seuerall instructions shall be giuen this generall rule presupposed that no man diseased shall ouerlade his stomacke with meate or drinke except it were to vomit it vp againe It is also better to eate thrice a day and a little at once than but twise aboundantly If of all these things thou wilt haue a more iust explication looke in the second part of the wheesing and stopping of the breath by the which thou mayest also rule thy selfe in other infirmities Furthermore whatsoeuer might be said of the foure complexions or humors of mans body as bloud choler flegme and melancholy with their incompassed mixtures called Intemperies which are eight fold and what else doth appertaine vnto them shall sufficiently as oportunitie serueth hereafter be declared The twelfth Chapter An explication of all the weights and measures which commonly are vsed in Phisicke THere be two sorts of pounds the common pound containeth sixtéene ounces but the phisicall pound hath but twelue ounces It
another as long as an egge may be sod and let it coole you may take thereof the bignes of a Walnut and annoint your selfe twice a day therewith on the hands and side and elswhere if it be néedfull It is also to be noted that there is another sort of Consumption called Febris Hectica which procéedeth also of this contagion of the Lights but we will speake further thereof in the sixt part where we do treate of all other sorts of Agues as also of other witherings of the members of lamenesse and the Poxe in the fourth Chapter of this booke Of the stinking breath in Phthisis or the Consumption §. 24. OF all the former diseases and putrifactions of the Lights it is easily to be vnderstood from whence the breath hath his beginning and whence it stinketh and that it cannot be amended if the disease whereby it is corrupted be not taken away and cured whereof is spoken more at large in the first part the 13. Chapter and § 3. therefore we will speake more briefly of it for which Master Tristrams water is very good Likewise the iuice of Wormwood tempered with Vineger and the mouth washt therewith Confected Calmus Elecampane and Citron pils are also very good with their sirupes In the first part the twelfth Chapter and 1. § is a powder set downe which beginneth thus Take Sene c. Annis and Fennell séedes confected and such like do also take away the stinking breath the which also do swéet and bitter Almonds be they confected or no. But héede must be taken for the consumption that no laske or fluxe happen with it and if such do happen then is this powder following to be vsed Take Gum of Araby burnt Iuory fine Bolus and Myrtle séede of each a like much make therof a powder and minister thereof euery day as long as is very néedfull thrée dragmes at a time with sirupe of Poppie heads and Myrtles For to conclude this Chapter of the Lights we will adde hereunto certaine néedfull and necessarie things to wit the medicines which by nature voluntarily ease the Lights as Ireos Hyssope Licorice Raisins Venus haire Squils Saunders Pingles Foxelights Horehound Hony Sugar Dragagant Fenegréeke Barley Saffron Ameos Colewoort broth the broth of an old stued Cock Cherries Lignum Aloes Hasell nuts Opopanacum Serapinum Myrrha Radishes Daffodill rootes Lilly rootes Frankinsence These things following do cleanse the Lights and the Breast as Agaricus Hyssope Woodbind Sarcocolla Cassia Ireos Coloquint the confection of Diasena and the pils Cochiae These things following do strengthen and warme the breast and the Lights as Hyssope Horehound Ireos Elecampane rootes Cammomill Hollihocke rootes Currans Squils Balsam wood Myrrha Serapinum Lilly rootes Venus haire Licorice Indy Spica and amongst the compounded things are Diacalaminthum Diaprassium Diahyssopum Ireos tabulates the confection of Pingles and Looch de Pino For the cooling of the breast these things Iuiubes Sebestes Dragagant Gum of Araby Starch and white Poppy séede swéet Almonds Violets Sugar candy Mulberries Saunders Sugar c. Of the compounded things the confection Diapapauere cold Dragagant Sallads Sugar pennets and other things more that with many more are described before We must note further that although the disease of children which is called the infection of the heart be a malady of the Lights and a kind of Consumption yet for some causes it is described in this Chapter following The sixt Chapter Of the Hart the most precious part of mans body ALl they that are expert in naturall things or in Philosophie do write that the Hart is the first member that is found in all liuing bodies and in like maner the last that dieth of all other parts of a liuing body the which is very well to be beléeued for that it is a perfect fountain ofspring of life of all naturall heat and is also it selfe hoter than any other member therefore in all beasts it is set in the middest of their bodies that it might warme the bloud spread the same abroade ouer all the whole body and thereby preserue life right in the middle of the breast which is contained in this second Part of this booke The Hart hath his place in mens bodies but with his picked end tendeth towards the left side and left nipple therefore do the common people suppose that the hart lyeth in the left side Out of this springeth first the vitall spirits Spiritus vitales which with a continuall stirring and mouing preserue it and that with such force that the same being out of the body yet it forcibly stirreth and goeth vp and downe euen as one may specially see by the harts of the Salmon and Sturgeon Through which continuall stirring from this place it doth communicate his motion through all the Arteries and also the life it selfe vnto the whole body the which is to be knowen by this that when the same is infected with any impostume or with any weapon neuer so little pierced that forthwith the vitall spirits yea life it selfe must depart out of the body like as is dailie séene by the like experience of the harts of all beasts which are killed whereas the hart being found sound so soone as the same is neuer so little touched or stirred that then all warmth and helpe is taken from all other members whereupon immediatly death ensueth and is none otherwise but as if ones hart be not before harmed Item this hart is also the dwelling place of all inclinations of the mind as mirth vexation sorrow feare care hope loue hate anger malice mercie sufferance or forbearance and such like Fourthly appeare in the Hart such diuersities of affections with such a force and vertue that if the one do raigne aboue the other the same draweth such an humor vnto it as is most acceptable for it As anger draweth vnto it Cholera mirth discusseth the blood ouer the whole body and through feare and fright hasteneth it towards the hart in great sorrow and vexation it draweth the melancholicke blood vnto it c. How were it then possible to expresse all the causes of these and of other more wonderfull passions of the hart yet haue many renowmed and learned men written very amply thereof whose bookes may be read and perused Also it is certaine that all bodies which haue great harts are fearefull and faint harted for that they haue not so much heate as is néedfull for them Contrariwise all small harts which draw the heate the better togither are stout and valiant This may well be vnderstood of great and spongeous harts which are not so wide nor filled with so many vitall spirits like as are other great and compacted harts that be hot and filled with vitall spirits then can they not otherwise but shew themselues manly and couragious like as the common prouerbe saith he hath a great Hart. The Hart hath some fatnesse on the top yet in leane bodies very little but in fat bodies somewhat more the
some sinople or mine of the quicksiluer Sandaraca Auripigmentum which is Orpiment they are for the most part al of one nature that they torment the intrailes with an intolerable paine and in case that there be no remedy had for the same in time then doth it kill him We will also adde to the former the yellow red and white Ratsbane or Arsenicum For this is commodious all that expelleth venome abateth his sharpnesse and looketh the belly whereof there is much written before The iuice of Hollihockes and of Mallowes is speciall good for it by reason that they are both of them mollifying For this also you are to giue him a potion wherein Linséed and Rice are sodden or Milke tempered with Hony water must he drinke vnmeasurably In like maner also all fat flesh broth Quicksiluer is called in Gréeke Hydrargyron which is Water siluer and in Latine Argentum viuum we call it in this country Quicksiluer and is of Plinie called a venome excéeding all other venomes It doth also manifest the same in mans bodie not onely taken inwardly but also annointed ouer the outside That it is such a poison not only of the blood but also of the venemous pocks and of other maladies moe as you may see and reade before in diuers places of this booke Some do say if one drinke it it presently runneth though the body but if any such thing happen yet notwithstanding there remaineth somewhat thereof behind in the body that doth hurt the same and the intrailes For the remedie of this poison one must drinke much milk and then vomit it vp againe or in stéed thereof Wormwood wine or water wherein Smallage the seeds of Clary and Marierom or Isop are sodden For this is also very requisite small filed gold which doth draw the Quicksiluer vnto it in a wonderful maner as by experience may daily be séene at the goldsmiths and other how quickly it cleaueth to the gold and when it is warme it mingleth it selfe with the gold where neuertheles al other things that are cast vpon it are expelled from it and swim on the top of it and letteth them not fall to the bottome There may also be well vsed against the venom of Quicksiluer al that standeth written against the litharge of gold Further it is wel knowne to all the world that there is no stronger venom than the Mercurius sublimatus like as all Chirurgians and Pockmasters do find by experience when as they do vse the same in any vlcer How one shal prepare the litharge of siluer Plinie doth teach the same diuersly we wil here admonish of his poison when the same is drunken then doth it make in the body in al the intrailes not only an anguish but also an extreme pricking paine it pierceth the inward parts by his waight it stayeth vrine it swelleth the body and procureth a leaden colour When as the patient hath vomited exceedingly then are you to giue him wine to drink with the séeds of Clary sodden in it Myrrh wormwood Isop seeds of smallage pepper Ligustrum or dried pigeons dung The fourth Chapter Of the venomes that come of Beasts WHat great commodities Almightie God hath giuen vnto vs in Beasts is sufficiently knowne vnto all the world and the same is to be séene in the foresaid parts of this booke and in diuers medicines For behold what is more base and lesse estéemed than the Earthwormes that bréede in the stinking dunghils and also liue therein neuertheles they are vsed in grieuous sicknesses both inwardly and outwardly with great good The venemous Scorpions and Vipers are wholsome medicines against venom and other diseases and yet moe such like whereof one might write whole bookes as the books of all Phisitions and Philosophers do testifie yea it hath bene found oftentimes that the ordure of some beasts hath holpen in deadly sicknesses But to the contrary there are foure little beasts not fearefull but hurtfull against which hurts and harmes there are here very good remedies taught to defend preserue one from them For what is a more friendlier beast towards men than the Dog What beast is more obedient and can be lesse without the companie of men Yet it is not vnknowne to all men how hurtfull and perilous the biting of a mad dog is for if there be not presently very good remedies vsed against it then will the same man be mad also and all other men that shall be bitten by the sayd mad man Wherefore we will in this fourth Chapter speake of certaine venemous beasts and wormes whereof we by the grace of God in regard of the South countries haue but a few in Germanie Wherefore we will omit Basiliscus Amphisibaena Cerastes Dipsades and such like venemous beasts moe which are to be found onely in Africa and admonish of those that are knowne of vs and adde vnto them the remedies that are requisite against their venome The first are the Ants or Pismires which truly are prouident and laborious little beasts whereof we will not here describe the nature but will discourse so much as serueth to our purpose Then it is found that men through their pissing feele in their skinne the which is more greater than is the stinging of Nettles for the place thereof swelleth They annoy also thereby all herbes and trées And for to driue away the same from thence you are to take Cowdung and temper it with vineger and therewith annoint the body of the trée or take Pitch or Rosin for it They shunne also the smoake of Brimstone and the fume of Marierom in such sort that thereby they forsake their holes Some affirme the same also of Cicorie or that is better to be beleeued of Esula which herbes and the smoke of the sulphur doth not only hunt them away but also killeth them These Ants and their egs are also vsed in phisicke When as any man is stung of Bees Waspes or Hornets then doth he not onely complaine of great paine and heate but also of great swelling of the place where he is stoong whereto you may vse this following most commodiously Make a plaister of Linseede meale and salt tempered with vineger or stampe Hollihocke leaues and lay them moist thereon You may also do the same with the flowers of Baulme The same doth wild and tame Rue the milke of new Figs salt fish and the pickle of the same Item sea water when the place is often moistened therewith Take Treacle or Mithridate as big as a hempe séede and annoint it thereon or if you haue nothing else then take the moist earth out of the garden and annoint it therewith It is said that if one be once bitten of a scorpion that then neuer afterwards neither Bée nor Waspe will bite him The same is also written of the wormes that grow on Coleworts when they are tempered with oyle and annointed therewith This is also worthy to be thought vpon that when one beareth any odoriferous things that
Phisicke This Confection should be very necessarie and helping women vnto fruitfulnes like as is also prescribed in this booke for the same Electuarium de Gallia §. 16. THis for the profitablenes and commoditie that it hath in the paine of the guts and in Phlegma and for that it is easie to be made is described in the third part the 15. Chapter and 6. § for it is not knowne at the Apothecaries Confectio Hamech §. 17. THis Confection is of two sorts and is compounded of many things and is very common at all Apothecaries wherwith the humors of the Gall especially the salt humors which cause scabbines the Leprosie the Canker and all other diseases which excoriate and inflame the skin by their sharpnesse are holpen The lesser Confection Hamech purgeth Melancholy and is also good against all frenzie giddinesse forgetfulnesse and all infections of the skin Hiera Picra simplex §. 18. THis Confection is at all Apothecaries euery where prepared and is not onely very well knowne to the Phisitions but also to the common people Take Cinnamom Balsam wood Asarabacca Spica Indica Saffron and Masticke of each one dragme and a halfe Aloe 25. drag clarified and scummed Honie thirtéene ounces make a Confection thereof But if you will haue it to strengthen rather than to purge then take washed Aloes in stead of other This Confection is very good against all rotting and stinking humors which do kéepe themselues in the mouth of the stomacke and in the bowels In like manner it is also good for all them that haue lost their naturall colour and against all inward diseases of the sight it looseth very mildly and her operation penetrateth no further but into the Liuer it strengtheneth the stomacke neuertheles that it is partly hurtfull for them that haue a hote Liuer but because of her great vertue it is much vsed Hieralogodion §. 19. THis Confection is also found at all Apothecaries the which is made out of many sundry things wherefore we will not describe the same here it is good against all old madnesse against all Melancholy against all Falling sicknesse and all other ragings or madnesse against the giddinesse and all paine of the head Item it is very good against all Palseys against all shaking and against all heart beating It is also good in the Pleurisie in all sicknesses of the Liuer and of the Spléene it prouoketh womens termes and is also good against all Gouts against all poyson Leprosie and scurfe Of this Confection may one take a dragme at once with Wine if there be tempered a little salt with it Hiera Pachij Ruffini §. 20. THe first Hiera is now of late come againe in vse amongst the Phisitions it is maruellous good for many kinds of things not vnlike to the aforementioned In this our booke of Phisicke is otherwhiles mention made of it Electuarium Indum §. 21. OF this Confection there be two sorts a greater and a lesser yet both do expell bad humors especially such as bréede wind in the stomacke and other nutritiue parts they amend also the bad accidents which arise thereby as swelling vp of the stomacke the griping of the belly paine of the kidneys and such like Electuarium Lenitiuum §. 22. THis is a laxatiue Confection which expelleth gently without any paine the phlegmatick cholericke and melancholick humors It is also good against all Agues and it is found readie at all Apothecaries howbeit that it is very seldome vsed in this our booke of Phisicke Electuarium de Lepore combusto §. 23. THere is also a Confection prepared of the burnt Hares head which is maruellous good against grauell and is described in the third part the twelfth Chapter and 4. § Laetificans Almansoris §. 24. THis pleasant Confection is now adaies made rather in Losinges than in forme of a Confection but how the Species be made that do you find described in the first part the twelfth Chapter and 8. § Electuarium de Manna §. 25. THis Electuarie of Manna is a very noble Confection wherein come many easie laxatiue things it cleanseth the bloud withstandeth Cholera and Melancholia it is very good for a hote liuer and cleanseth also the body Electuarium ad Melancholiam §. 26. THis Confection is not made if it were not that it is especially ordained and it is also but once vsed in this booke Michleta §. 27. THis Confection Michleta is prepared at all furnished Apothecaries it is especiall good against all superfluous bléeding of the Piles and against the griping of the belly and it is exceeding good in all laskes as in Lyenteria and Dysenteria It is also vsed in Diarrhaea Mithridatium §. 28. THis high renowned and very wel knowne confection hath next to Treacle the highest commendation and price aboue all other confections and compounded medicines the which of very many and diuers simples is composed together wherefore we wil pretermit her description here It is also older than the Treaâ—le was found out by Mithridates king of Pontus thrée hundred yeares before Christs birth and so named after him This foresaid Confection did the King vse against all venime and with such commoditie that when he was in greatest extremitie and had taken poyson he could not die of it Wherefore and because that the same is oftentimes ordained in this booke therefore we will briefly rehearse her vertue and vigor First it hath almost in al things the same power of the Treacle but that only the Treacle is somwhat hotter more forcible against all venim of snakes otherwise it is good against all paine of the head which proceedeth out of cold and chiefly against all melancholicke diseases and also for them that liue in great heauines without cause It is also good against all heauie fansies and madnesse and further it is also good against the Falling sicknes against the giddinesse and all old paine of the head Likewise it is a very good medicine against all running and diseased eyes it sharpeneth the sight and it is good against all sissing of the eares and against all paine and falling of the gums if the same be laid vpon it Besides that it is much commended for the squinancie it cleanseth and healeth all vlcers of the throat It is a speciall medicine for al them that be taken with the palsey and them that haue a disease in the lights as it is also for all them that cough much spet bloud and complaine of pursiuenes It is also especiall good for all cold and moist stomackes it maketh appetite it strengtheneth the digestiue vertue and maketh a good colour It asswageth all gripings all scourings and the bloudie flixe it openeth the obstruction of the liuer and the milt and it is a medicine for all inward parts it driueth also the crampe away and all conuulsions of the sinewes it expelleth the grauell and the stone of the bladder it swageth all paine and vlcers of the same it expelleth water and moneth
It is very good for them that cannot rest and for the paine of the kidneys of heate also it is passing good against all veneriall lusts if the priuities be annointed with it It is also vsed for diuers other matters as may appeare in diuers places of this Booke Oyle of Mustard seed §. 62. THis oyle is very seldome vsed for that it is so hote Oyle of Spikenard §. 63. VNder the name of Oleum Nardinum be there two sorts described we will commend the greater to the Apothecaries because it containeth diuers doubtfull things but the smallest is thus prepared Take good Spikenard thrée ounces Wine and Water of each two ounces and a half oyle of white Sesamum eightéene ounces seeth them together in hote water vntill that all the moisture be consumed then straine it This oyle doth heate digesteth and refineth all that is thicke and grosse and is somwhat astringent it is good for all cold diseases of the braines of the stomacke of the liuer of the spléene of the kidneys and of the bladder it cleanseth the head if it be annointed in the nose it maketh a good colour and also a good sauour It is brought now adaies méetly good and reasonable cheape out of Fraunce Oyle of Antimonie §. 64. THis oyle is thus prepared Take a pound of Antimonie powne it â—â—osse and set it in the fire in a melting crust when it beginneth to smoake then cast halfe a dragme of Boreas vnto it when it is molten then powre it vpon a flat stone and let it be cold then stampe and melt it againe like as before and so do thrée times afterwards powne it to fine powder and powre vineger vpon it which is distilled two or thrée times then put it into a glasse being stopped very tight and close yet stirre it often about and that so long vntill the vineger begin to be red which is wont to happen in the space of a moneth or twaine This being done put all together into an helme luted very close and distill it with a mild fire so long vntill the rednesse be discerned and as soone as that is perceiued then augment your fire and fasten another receiuer to it make a good fire as long as one drop of oyle comes out of it Out of a pound of Antimonie you cannot haue aboue one dragme or twaine according to the goodnesse of it or the oyle is well made This oyle hath a red browne colour it is also vsed for healing of wounds of old vlcers like as also for all Fistulaes Leprosie and for the Pockes yet neuertheles according to the importance of each sicknesse if there be a drop or twaine taken tempered with any thing else The vlcers are washed with the water but it is very sharpe Another Take one pound of Antimonie pown it small and put vnto it one quarter of an ounce Mercurium Sublimatum put it then into a glasse retort and giue it presently a good fire there doth come no water out of it but onely fiue or sixe howers after cleare oyle Oyle of Steele or oyle of Iron §. 65. TAke small filed stéele or iron and white Flint powned very small of each halfe a pound put it in a glasen helme and distill it in sand first with a mild fire and afterwards alwaies greater it giueth first water and afterwards red oyle which hath a very pleasant smell euen like to Balsam Now for to distill this oyle then are you to make an ouen after the fashion of a Retort as the Alchimists do know These things are rather searching out of the secrets of nature than necessarie for Phisicke Rocke or Peteroyle §. 66. SOme of these oyles be white some yellow and there are also some blacke which is called Naphta This Peteroyle doth runne in Italy and also in other places out of the rockes it doth heate drie and consume it is also good for the falling sicknesse for the Palsey for doting and for the enféebled memorie Oyle of Turpentine §. 67. THe manner to distill this oyle haue we shewed in the fift part the thirtéenth Chapter and fourth § Oyle of Violets §. 68. THis oyle is made of blew Violets and vnripe Sallad oyle it is somwhat colder than the oyle of Roses therefore it doth the more coole all heate especially the heate of the raines and of the kidneys in like manner it doth asswage the drie heated brest and is moreouer good for many other things The oyle of Wal flowers is prepared also of the flowers and of old oyle it is very good against the conuulsion of the sinewes it driueth away all diseases of the breast the kidneys and the bladder and it is also good against all paine of the sinewes and of the Matrix also it asswageth and melloweth all other diseases Oyle of Ireas THe oyle of Ireas is vtterly vnknowne vnto vs. Oyle of Vitrioll or of Copperas §. 69. THis oyle is very highly commended it getteth an especiall swéetnesse which is a miraculous worke of nature and is made thus Take foure pound of Hungarie Copperas stampe it very small and then put it in a great bodie then let it drie certaine daies afterwards powne it againe and so set it in a warme place couered with a fine cloth to the end that the sauour of Copper may therby auoid This being done powre foure pound of the best spirit of wine vpon it which is well rectified sute it well and so kéepe it fortie daies in a warme place or dunghill and afterwards distill it then shall you see the oyle swimme on the top of the wine There be yet mo longer and mo other meanes for to distill this oyle but this is the commonest manner Concerning the vertue of this oyle and her force it is very néedfull that it be prouidently dealt withall it must alwaies be mixed with somewhat else for that it is too sharpe that it will inflame the intrailes otherwise hath it the same force of the oyle of Sulphur but it is much stronger and penetrating It is very good against all filth and infection and against the Plague it is especiall good it hath also great power to cause the matter of the Pleurisie to auoid out of the breast it is good for all tough fleame and corruption of the breast to fetch it out it suffereth also no stone to grow in the bladder and healeth the brused or perished bladder There is no more but thrée or foure drops to be giuen with wine There may also losinges be made of it Also this oyle is vsed by some according to the importance of the cause like as is admonished in certaine places of this booke This oyle doth strengthen the cold stomacke it consumeth Phlegma it causeth all tough and slimie matter to auoid it is good for the griping of the guts and against all red fluxes it quencheth thirst it withstandeth all wambling and parbraking Because that these oyles must be driuen through strong fire it doth happen
others more They do call the séede Semen Sandonicum and Semen Sanctum by which they do vnderstand both the former seedes Selfeheale Prunella and Herba Diui Anthonij Sene leaues are called in Greeke Latine and in the Arabian tongue Sena and Senna Mesues called them with a Persian name Abalzemer There are two kinds of them the lesser groweth in Syria and Aegypt and are called to distinguish them from the others Sena Syriaca Sena Aegyptiaca and at the Apothecaries Sena Alexandrina and Sena Orientalis The greater Sene leaues doe grow in Italy and elsewhere these are called of the Simplicsts Sena Italica or Sena Prouincialis and at the Apothecaries Sena Florentina They are much weaker in operation and vertues than the lesser kinde and therefore more vnfit for physicall vses Some there are that affirme Sena to be a kinde of Colutea Others would haue the Colutea Theophrasti to be Sena or at the least a kinde of the same but both of them do erre Looke also in the Introduction of this booke for Sene leaues Seruice trée in gréeke Oa or Oe in latin Sorbus it is a wel knowne trée whereof the fruit is called in latin Sorbum and it is like to a litle peare Sebestes are little blacke berries called in Greeke Myxa or Myxaria of Actuarius in latine Sebestena and at the Apothecaries Sebesten They are blacke berries as bigge as hasell nuts or little small dried prunes they are well knowne at all Apothecaries Shéepe Ouis. Shepheards purse Bursa pastoris and Pera pastoris Silkewormes neastes Folliculus Bombycis they are called in latine Sericum crudum or Sera cruda at the Apothecaries Seta cruda Siluer in gréeke Argyros and Argyrion and in latine Argentum Siluermountaine in Gréeke and latine Seseli and of Plinie Seselis and Sili of the Herbarists Seselium at the Apothecaries Siselenos and Seselios indeclinabiliter There are fiue kindes of it the first hath leaues like Fennell but somewhat bigger with a smooth stalke the flowers are not vnlike to them of Dill and after them followeth a little sharpe seede the roote is long and odoriferous and it groweth on stonie hilles It is called in Gréeke Seseli Massilioticum and Platycyminum in Latine Seseli Massiliense The Herbarists doe call it Seselium Massiliense at the Apothecaries Siseleos Siler montanum in English Siluermountaine or Silermountaine The second kinde is called Siluermountaine of Aethiopia the stalke is of the thicknesse of a finger wooddie and of a darke red colour The leaues of it are very like to them of Honysuckles they are smoothe and pale greene in colour It hath vpon it foure or fiue goodly yellow toppes like Fennell but the seed is somewhat bigger than that of Fennell It is called in Gréeke and Latine Cynophrycon Seseli Aethiopicum and of the Simplicists Seseli Aethiopicum Fruticans The third kind is our common blacke Siluermountaine which of many is taken for Seseli Aethiopicum because it hath the same vertues and operations But the Herbarists do call it Seseli or Seselium Aethiopicum Herbaceum thereby to distinguish it from the aforenamed The fourth kind is our white Siluermountaine called in Gréeke and latine Seseli Peloponnesiacum Seseli Peloponnese and of the Herbarists Seselium Ceruinum Album The fift kind is the Tordylium of Dioscorides This herb as yet is not throughly knowne because the description of it is so briefly set downe by the auncient writers which do onely make mention of the seede of it This is called in gréeke Tordylion Tordylon of Plinie Syreon of Paulus Aegineta Gorgylon and in latine Seseli Creticum But when and wheresoeuer thou findest Siluermountaine or Siselios in any composition then and there shalt thou alwayes vnderstand and vse the first kinde of Siluermountaine Sinober or Sinople Vermillion in Gréeke Cinnabaris in Latine Cinnabrium There are two kindes of it the first is naturall and digged out of the Mine it is called in Greeke Miltos Ammion in latine of Dioscorides and Plinie Cinnabaris Fossilis Minium Natiuum in English Sinober of the Myne The other kinde is made by the Alchimistes of Quickesiluer and Brimstone and it is called of the Simplicists Cinnabaris Factitia Cinnabrium Artificiale and Minium Artificiale with vs Vermilion Siuet in Gréeke of Actuarius Zapetion in latine of the Simplicists Zibethum Zibettum Algâ—lia and at the Apothecaries Zibeta It is the fat or suet which is taken from the cods of the Siuet or muske Cat at the first it smelleth very badly but afterwards turneth to so fragrant an odour that it farre surpasseth the Muske and Ambergreece it is hote and moist by nature It is vsed for the increase of humane séede and for the infirmities of the Matrix Sloe tree or blacke Thorne in Gréeke Agriococcymelea and Coccymelea agria In Latine Pâ—unus syluestris and of Virgill Spinus Smallage in Gréeke and Latine Eleoselinum Hydroselinum Apium Palustre and Paludapium Here is to be noted that as often as any mention is made in this booke of Smallage séedes leaues iuice or rootes that the greater Pimpernell rootes are alwayes to be vnderstood for it for that is the right Apium of the auncient Phisitions Smaragde in Latine and Gréeke Smaragdus of Horatius lapis viridis it is a gréene precious stone Snake Serpens Anguis Snayle Cochlea terrestris a Snayle house and all The house of the Snayle is called in Gâ—éeke by Dioscorides Celyphos of Galen Ostracon of Scammonicus Cochleae domus and of Plinie Calyx The vine Snayles and garden Snayles are called Cochlea opercularis The dew Snayles are called Limax and Cochlea nuda Solidago media Sengréene in latine Symphytum medium Solidago media Consolida media Consolidago media Soote of the chimney Fuligo caminorum Sophia in Gréeke and Latine Thalietrum and Thalictrum of the Chirurgions and Herbarists Sophia and Herba Sophiae Some authors would haue this herbe to be Absinthium Seriphium but they shall neuer approoue it to be true for although they were the greatest Alchimists in the world yet should they neuer transmute the one into the other This Sophia I will not denie to be very good for the Wormes of the belly yet doth it not thereby follow that it is Absinthium Seriphium for if all the herbes should be of Sinchia Scriphia that should expell wormes then should we haue an infinite companie of them Of this Absinthium Seriphium looke vnder the title of sea Wormewood Sope in Gréeke and Latine Smegma or Sapo of Martialis Mattiaca Pila Sope is prepared diuersly but amongst all others is the blacke Sope best for Phisicke Sorrell in Gréeke of Dioscorides Oxalis Anaxyris and Lapathon of Galen Oxylapathum Dioscorides doth otherwhiles call the Docke Oxylapathum because it hath picked leaues But Galen doth not call Sorrell by this name because it hath picked leaues but that it is amper and sower for Oxylapathum is Lapathum Acidum sower Docke the Apothecaries do call it Acetosa There are foure kindes of it The first is
back from his errors Dioscorides in his second booke de re Medica and the 74. chapt writeth after this maner of the Thunderbolt It hath bene thought that the water of the ayre which is called Lyncurium should congeale into a stone but it hath bene found false and all whatsoeuer else hath bene sayd of it for the Lyncurium is that which is called of some Electrum Pterigophoron Amber or white Amber and is brought vnto vs in great abundance from Prussia these are the very words of Dioscorides The like false opinion doth Plinie detect lib. 37. cap. 3. Here may you euidently perceiue that neither auncient writers haue held any thing of that false and fained opinion for they do all affirme that Electrum Succinum and Lyncurtâ—â— is one and the same thing which hath bene sufficiently seene by the words of Dioscorides It doth also appeare in the writings of Aetius and Nicolaus Myrepsus that they meant nothing else by their Thunderbolt Lyncurium or Lapis lyncis but onely Succinum that is the Amber Also that the Amber commeth not out of the aire but out of the sea that is sufficiently knowne to all the world But whether that vnskilful crue had sayd that it were engendred of a certaine water in the aire or that it is the vrin of a beast congealed into a stone that were a small error if they had vsed the right Amber in their compositions That Amber hath power to expell the stone vrine and grauell which vertues are ascribed to the Lyncurium that is sufficiently knowne to euery expert Phisition and that the white Amber is the right Lyncurius or Lyncurium that may be shewed by the words of Aetius who calleth it Electrum Lyncurium and Succinum and distinguisheth the yellow Amber from it calling it Chryselectrum that is Aureum Electrum And Dioscorides in the former chapter calleth the white Amber Elecâ—â—um Pterigophoron and in the first book de medica materia doth he call the yellow Amber Chrysophorum Hereby do we conclude that Lapis Lyncis Lyncurius or Lyncurium as the Grecians terme it is nought else but the white Amber wherefore héede must be taken that thou vse the white Amber in all compositions that haue the Lapis lyncis in them Of the vertues of the Thunderbolt looke for Amber Thyme in gâ—éeke and latine Thymum Thymus Serpilium Romanum or herba Thymiana at the Apothecaries Tymus There are two kinds of it and both of them are set in gardens but in hote countries do they grow euery where of themselues The first kind is white and hath long eares or heads like to Stechados it hath a very pleasant smell it is called in Gréeke and Latine Thymum capitatum Thymum candidum Thymum creticum Thymum Spicatum and Thymum aromaticum we call it white Thyme The second kind is rougher and of a darke gréene colour and it is common in all gardens and well knowne by the name of Thyme The first kind is much better for phisicke than the other if it may be gotten they are both of them hot and dry in the third degrée Tillet trée in greek Philyra in latin Tilia there are two kinds of it the common Tillet trée and the wild Tillet trée which groweth in the shadowy wood and hilles it is very like to the tame kind but that it is much lesse it bloweth also slower and at the last the blossomes fall off without any fruite It is called the wild Tillet trée or stone Tillet because the wood of it is harder and more compacted than the tame it is called in Latine Tilia syluestris and Tiliamas The blossomes and the fruites of it are vsed in phisicke Toade in gréeke Phrynus of Virgill Bufo and of Plinie Rubeta Some vnskilfull Phisitions do take Rubeta to be the leafe-frogge which is a great error for they are as like as an apple is like to an oyster because the Toade is hurtfull and venemous and the Leafe-frog without all hurt or harme Tormentil is called of Dioscorides Chrysogonon and of others Heptaphyllon of the Herbarists Septifolium Betularia at the Apothecaries Tormentilla Tortoyse in Gréeke Chelone or Emys of Hesichius and Aristoteles Mys in Latine Testudo the shell of it is called in Gréeke Chelonium and of Nicander Chelium in Latine Testudinis operimentum Treacle in Gréeke and Latine Theriaca at the Apothecaries Teriaca We haue mentioned in this booke of two kinds of Treacle to wit of Theriaca Andromachi or Theriaca magna and the common treacle called Theriaca Diatessaron but wheresoeuer Treacle is named without any addition there must the great Theriaca Andromachi be taken and vsed Turbith of Actuarius Turpetum in Latine of the Herbarists Turbetum of the Arabians Turbith and Turbeth There are foure kinds of it the first is the white Turbith very common at al Apothecaries this kind is called of Dioscorides in Gréeke Alpum of Actuarius Alypias and Turpetum album at the Apothecaries Turpetum Orientale or Turpetum Alexandrinum and in English white Turbith The second kind is called of Dioscorides and Actuarius Pityusa Clema Crabion and Canopicon of the Herbarists Turpetum nigrum and Esula maior also of the Arabians Alscebram maius or Scebram maius in english blacke Turbith The third kind is called in gréeke Thapsia HypopiuÌ„ and Pancranum in latine Ferulago and Ferula syluestris of the Herbarists Turpetum cineritium and Turpetum Mesuis and Mesues hath vnderstood by his Turbith nothing els but Thapsia The fourth kind is the Turpetum Serapionis who also hath his seuerall Turbith Dioscorides calleth it Tripolium Psyche Meris Stachyites of the Herbarists Turpetum Serapionis and Aster marinus but when thou findest Turbith in any composition with any addition then is the white Turbith to be vnderstood for it Turmericke Cyperus Indicus the Apothecaries call it Curcuma and Terra merita Rasis calleth it Vena citrina Turneps looke for Rapes in R. Turpentine is called Resina Terebinthi Terebinthina or Terminthina of the Arabians and Apothecaries Terbentina Terpentina Termentina It is not the coÌ„mon Turpentine that floweth from the Fir trée as the vnskilfull suppose but it is the true Turpentine of the Turpentine trée Turpentine trée in gréeke Terminthos of Nicander Trimithos in latine Terebinthus of Auicenna Arbor graniuirides Turtle Doue in Gréeke Trygon in Latine Turtur Tuttie at the Apothecaries Tutia factitia Cadmia botryitis or Cadmia Acinosa and Cadmia officinarum V. VAlerian in gréeke and latine Phu Valeriana Genicularis Herba benedicta and Marinella There are foure kindes of it and two of them only in vse the first is the common Valerian which onely ought to haue that name The second kind is planted in gardens although it be otherwhiles found in woods and on hils it hath much greater leaues than the common Valerian and also a bigger roote of the thicknes of a finger this is the true Phu of the auncient writers It is called Phu PonticuÌ„ in english great Valerian the