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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13348	A very necessarie and profitable booke concerning nauigation, compiled in Latin by Ioannes Taisnierus, a publice professor in Rome, Ferraria, & other uniuersities in Italie of the mathematicalles, named a treatise of continuall motions. Translated into Englishe, by Richard Eden. The contents of this booke you shall finde on the next page folowyng	Taisnier, Jean, 1508-ca. 1562.; Eden, Richard, 1521?-1576.	1575 (1575)	STC 23659; ESTC S101247	53,484	76

further then the inuentions of our predecessors we had had nothyng in the Poets aboue Andronicus and nothyng in histories aboue the Annales or Cronicles of Byshoppes and had yet haue sayled in troughes or in boates Other haue ascribed this inuention to diuers other nations and persons as to the Troians and Mysians in Hellesponto and also that the ancient Britanes made boates of leather or hydes and sayled with them in the Ocean sea Plinie wryteth that Danaus was the fyrst that brought a Shyppe out of Grece into Egypt Some also geue the same to Minerua But most ryghtfully the inuention both of the Shyp and Art of Nauigation is ascribed to Noe who as wryteth Eusebius was long before Neptune or Danaus For doubtelesse sayth he the Arke of Noe was none other then a Shyp and the fyrste and onely exemplar of the buyldyng of all other Shyppes or vesselles of saylyng Also the moste ancient wryter Berosus the Chaldean as wryteth Iosephus calleth the Arke of Noe a Shyp The same Iosephus also sayth that the Nephues of Noe departyng to inhabite diuers partes of the worlde vsed many Shyppes c. Long after Noe the Tyrians were counted most expert in the Art of Nauigation and after them diuers other nations For wheras no Art is so perfect but may receyue encrease hereof doth it folowe that this Art also hath been greatly augmented and brought to further perfection by witty inuentions of the posteritie euen vnto our age wherof who so lysteth to knowe further more particulerly who inuented all other partes and instrumentes parteynyng to al sortes of Shyppes Art of Nauigation may reade the thyrde booke of Polidor Virgil Cap. xv De Inuentorib Rer. and Bayfius de re nauali Thus gentle Maister Wynter beseechyng your woorshyp to take in good part this testimonie of my thankfull hart suche as it is I beseeche the immortall God to prosper all your dooinges to his honor and the benefite of your Countrey ¶ To the right Reuerende father in Christe and honorable Prince Lorde Iohn Gebhard of the Earles of Mansfelt c. Archbishop of Colen Prince elector duke of Angaria and VVestphalia hygh Chaunceler of the Romayne Empire c. THE thing which to this day in maner from the beginning of the world great Philosophers with perpetual studie and great labour haue endeuoured to bring to effect and desired ende most gratious Prince hath neuerthelesse hitherto remayned eyther vnknowen or hydde not without great damage and hynderance of moste expert Mathematicians and Architecteurs and al other men of lyke practicall faculties And yf any there haue been whiche haue attayned to the experience of this continuall motion I suppose the same to haue been vexed and noted with the va●ne glorye of the incomparable paynter and grauer Michael Angelo who euen at the extreme rendryng of the spirit of lyfe dyd not vouchsafe to disclose vnto his owne sonne the secrets of his arte esteeming it greatly to the reputation of his fame and glory by this ingrate hydyng of his science falsely to obteyne a perpetual memorie with suche as shoulde succeede hym Or els truely he doubted as is commonly seene in all maner of doctrine and science that there shoulde still ryse vp certayne malitious and enuious quarrelers and troublous wits instigate by an euyl spirite to deface and suppresse trueth with slaunderous tongues especially agaynst artes Mathematikes of whiche kinde are Grauyng Payntyng and suche lyke whiche in al ages haue euer been subiect to this inconuenience of ignorant detractours except they be defended by the protection and title of fauourable princes And whereas suche sciences vnto the ignorant seeme ridiculus and suspicious neuerthelesse in the frame and experience of this continuall motion ought no suspicion to be bad And forasmuche as the same is very necessarie and profitable for the common wealth I was the bolder through confidence in your hyghnes clemencie vnder the grace and title of the same to put foorth this litle booke of continuall motion The whiche howe great profite and exercise it may bryng to excellent men of what so euer facultie experience it selfe shal easily declare Most humbly desiring your highnesse gratiously to accept this ray trauaile with such as are consecrate to the Muses and employ theyr labours to the profite of mankinde Your hyghnesse moste humble seruant and Oratour Iohn Taisnier Hannonius ▪ ¶ Of the nature and effectes of the Lode stone called in Latine Magues IT is a common prouerbe that in stones woodes and hearbes consysteth great vertue which saying is doubtlesse most manifest by the dayly experience of this stone beyng founde in sundry places of India it is sayde also that it was founde in Spayne by one named Heracleon as witnesseth Nicander whyle in keepyng of cattell the iron nayles of his showes and pyke of his staffe cleft fast to the stone Of the which Magnes are fiue kinds as Sotacus wryteth That is to wyt one of Ethiopia An other of Macedonia The thyrde is founde in Echio of Beotia The fourth about Troades of Alexandria The fyfth of Magnesia Asiae The difference of the stone is whether it be male or female The next difference is in coloure for that which is founde in Macedonia and Magnesia is ruddishe and blacke That of Beotia is more ruddish thē blacke That of Troades is blacke and of female kinde and therefore without vertue The worst of Magnesia Asiae is whyte and draweth not iron and is lyke vnto a punice stone They are proued the best which are most of blewe or heauenly colour That of Ethiope is most praysed and as Plinie sayth is solde for the weight of siluer This is found in Zimri a sandie region of Ethiope where is also founde Haematites Magnes of blooddy colour appearyng lyke blood yf it be grounde and also lyke saffron whiche in drawyng of iron is not of like vertue to the Hematites Magnes of Ethiopia whiche draweth vnto it another Magnes All these be profitable for medicines of the eyes eche of them accordyng to their portion and do specially stay Epiphoras that is droppyng of the eyes And also beyng brunt or made in powder they heale burninges And not farre from the same place of Ethiopia is a mountayne whiche bryngeth forth the stone called Theamedes which putteth from it and refuseth iron I haue often prooued the vertue and power of the stone Magnes by the needle whiche is in some Dialles by the attraction thereof moouyng it selfe from syde to syde and rounde about Although the stone were vnder a table yet doeth the needle being aboue the table naturally folow the moouyng of the stone It is therfore no marueyle yf there be great vertue in stones woodes and herbes It hath also been prooued that Shyppes compact with iron nayles saylyng by the sea of Ethiope and by tempest dryuen to lande to certayne capes or landes endes haue by these stones been eyther drawen to the bottome of the

with iniuries to hynder our proceedinges and sometimes to make an ende of our disputations with quarrels and strokes It chaunced in the meane tyme that mention was made of the lecture of Aristotel And whereas from the purpose one enuious person moued the question of the Proportions of Locall Motions I refused to dispute with hym affirming that he euyll vnderstoode the intention of Aristotel whom he so esteemed as a heauenly God that it seemed to hym sacrilege if any shoulde dissent from his doctrine But he malitiously and furiously affirmed that I dyd rashly condemne Aristotel I was therefore enforced by the request of my reuerende Cardinal of Adulphis Florentine openly to repeate the same especially for that the reporte of these contentions was nowe come to the Popes eares whose request also I tooke for commaundement And thereupon whiche I had not doone before I declared the errours of Aristotle in the presence of the reuerende Cardinal Crescentius and the Bishop of Ponset men most expert in all kinde of learnyng and in maner infinite other Auditours before whom in maner as foloweth I shewed the errours of Aristotle by wordes and demonstrations You therefore gentle and indifferent readers accept this our Demonstration with fauourable myndes I repute Aristotle for the chiefe of all Philosophers Yet forasmuche as it is humane to erre he also myght sometymes fayle Demonstration of the Proportions of Motions Locall agaynst Aristotle and all Philosophers I wyll nowe make Demonstration howe bodyes of the selfe same or one kinde and figure equall or vnequal one to the other in the same middest or meane by equall space be moued in one or selfe same time the which is agaynst Aristotel and all other philosophers that haue not yet seene this proposition Aristotel first in the .4 of his phisickes Cap. De Vacuo where he intendeth to shewe that yf Vacuum or voyde be graunted mouyng or motion is taken away c. he there sayth thus We see those bodyes whiche haue more heauynesse or lyghtnesse so that they be of one figure to be more swyftly moued by equal space and by such proportion as they haue the one to the other And therefore they are so moued per Vacuum c. which is proued to be false Furthermore what S. Thomas sayth touchyng this any man that wil may reade for no man euer better vnderstood the minde of Aristotle But for the examples which Simplicius and Auerroes geue to the vnderstandyng of this by two sphericall bodyes of equal quantitie but of diuers kindes as one of gold the other of syluer we must not therfore say that they vnderstood this proposition as I wyll demonstrate For they shoulde haue sayde somewhat of the equalitie of the quantitie of those bodyes forasmuche as the motion of bodyes equall or vnequall is all one so that they be all of one figure as for example yf there be three spherical bodyes of the which two be of gold and the thyrd of syluer and they of golde be vnequall and the other of syluer equal to one of the golden bodyes then in the same proportion of tyme shal be moued the golden body equall to that of syluer with the syluer body in the whiche proportion the syluer body with the go●den vnequall as shal be declared hereafter Furthermore 6. Phisicorum Cap. 1. in the ende and in maner through al the .2 Chapter of the same booke he confirmeth the same but in the fourth he sayth thus Whereas euery thyng that moueth moueth in some other in some time and that moueable is motion of the whole the same or all one shal be the diuisions of the tyme and the mouyng and of to be moued and of that which is moued and also of that in the whiche is mouyng Afterward he geueth demonstration after his maner but cap. 7. he wylleth the same where he intendeth that in finite tyme nothyng may passe into infinite greatnesse c. Furthermore Aristotle in his fyrst booke De Coelo confirmeth the same saying simply that the reason or consyderation of tymes is contrary to the reason of weyghtes as yf halfe a weight be moued in this time the double is moued in the halfe of this c. And this cap. 6. Furthermore cap. 8. of the same booke he sayth The fire in as muche as it is greater then the earth so muche the sooner and swyftlyer it commeth to his restyng place c. Also in his seconde booke De Coelo Cap. 8. he sayth thus As in other things the greater body is more swyftly moued by his proper course or motion euen so also in the heauenly circles c. Agayne Cap. 13. he affirmeth the same in two places saying that the greater earth is euer swyftlyer moued Item lib. De Coelo cap. 2. he sayth thus If accordyng to the proportion whiche hath the space C D. the body of B. shalb diuided all B. in the same tyme shal be moued by C E. in th whiche tyme parte of B. by C D. of necessitie wherefore it foloweth that B. be moued with swyfter motion then parte of B. Afterwarde he maketh lyke Demonstration saying thus The swyftnesse of the lesse to the swyftnesse of the greater hath suche proportion as the greater bodye to the lesse c. Agayne in the thyrde De Coelo Cap. 5. in the ende he sayth lykewyse that so muche the more euery thyng is moued as it is the greater as also the fire the greater it is is so muche of swyfter motion c. He confirmeth the same also Cap. 2. and 4. of the same booke where yet speakyng more clearely he sayth that the greater fire ryseth vpwarde swyfter then a lesse and a greater peece of gold or leade doth swyfter moue downewarde and the lyke of other heauy bodyes and more clearely can no man geather the meanyng of Aristotle Vitel io in his seconde booke of Perspectiue in the seconde proposition hath fallen into the same errour I pretermit his ignorance in that proposition where he thynketh that there is no quantitie insensible but let this passe with other errours the whiche at any other tyme shal be shewed in theyr place He that wyll reade all other Philosophers shall see that they all accorde with the mynde and sentence of Aristotle who also in diuers other places confirmeth the same but to haue rehearsed these principall places may suffise and therefore we wyll nowe come to the Demonstration This propounded Demonstration I wyll shew apparently that it may the better be vnderstoode And forasmuche as Archimedes in his woorke De insidentibus aquae hath spoken nothyng of the proportion of motion of Elementes it is manifest that he had not yet searched this proposition for there was the proper place of this matter But it is not graunted to any one man to knowe all thynges and therefore it was very difficult to many to imagine the supposition whiche I openly expounded in Rome whereas

¶ A very necessarie and profitable Booke concerning Nauigation compiled in Latin by Ioannes Taisnierus a publike professor in Rome Ferraria other Vniuersities in Italie of the Mathematicalles named a treatise of continuall Motions Translated into Englishe by Richarde Eden The contentes of this booke you shall finde on the next page folowyng ¶ Imprinted at London by Richarde Iugge Cum priuilegio OMNIA DESVPER R. I. ❧ The Table 1 OF the marueylous nature and vertue of the Lode stone called in Latin Magnes where they be found and howe to knowe the best 2 Of continual motion by the sayd stone Magnes 3 Of the due proportion of whatsoeuer Ship and the disclosyng of certayne Mathematicall secretes 4 Of ebbyng and flowyng with their diuersities and the causes thereof 5 Demonstrations of proportion of motions local confutyng the opinion of Aristotle therein ❧ To the ryght woorshipfull Syr Wylliam Wynter Knyght Maister of the Ordinaunce of the Queenes Maiesties Shippes and Surueyor of the sayd Shippes Richarde Eden wysheth health and prosperitie IT is nowe about twelue yeeres paste gentle Maister Wynter since the curtesie and fauour which long before I founde at your hande mooued me no lesse for the good wyll that I haue euer borne you and your vertues to excogitate or deuise somethyng within the compasse of my poore abilitie that myght be a witnesse as it were a seale to testifie both that I haue not forgotten your gentlenesse also howe desyrous I am to pay the debtes of freendshyp which then I promised you also attempted to perfourme But beyng at that tyme preuented by meanes of my sodayne departyng out of Englande with my good Lorde the Vidame with whom I remayned for the space of ten yeeres vntyll the calamities of that miserable countrey with losse of goods and danger of lyfe hath dryuen me home agayne into my natiue countrey Where fyndyng my selfe at some leysure and desyrous to passe foorth parte of my tyme in some honest exercise which myght be profytable to many domagable to none and a meanes to geat me newe freendes the olde in my so long absence in maner vtterly wasted I chaunced in the meane tyme to meete with my olde acquayntance and freend Richard Iugge Printer to the Queenes Maiestie who had many yeeres before printed the Booke of Matten Curtes of the Art of Nauigation by me translated out of the Spanyshe tongue Whereof hauyng with him some conference he declared that he woulde prynt that booke agayne yf I woulde take the paynes to deuise some addition touchyng the same matter that myght be ioyned thereto At whiche tyme hauyng with me in the Latine tongue these bookes here folowyng printed whiche I brought with me out of Fraunce I soone agreed to his honest request to translate them into Englyshe Whiche beyng accomplyshed this onely remayned accordyng to the common custome to consecrate and dedicate the same to some worthie personage whose fame auchoritie and dignitie myght defende them from the euyll tongues of such as are more redie rather to reprooue other mens dooynges then to doo any good them selues And therfore gentle Maister Wynter knowing your aucthoritie and fame in well deseruyng and honorable seruice vnto your Prince and Countrey to be suche as all men thynke so well of and so greatlye esteeme to whom rather then vnto you may I dedicate this booke of Nauigation In consyderation whereof and the hope that I haue in your approoued curtesie fauourably to accept this dedication as proceeyng from one that desyreth nothyng more then to doo you seruice and remayne in your grace I shall thynke my trauayle wel bestowed and sufficiently recompenced yf it shall please you to accept the same as thankfully as I wyllyngly offer it vnto you For yf there be any thyng in me wherein I maye by good reason please my selfe it is cheefely this that I haue euer loued and honoured men of singuler vertue or qualitie in what so euer laudable Art or Science euen of those whereof I mee selfe haue litle knowledge as are Geometrie Astronomie Architecture Musicke Payntyng feates of Armes inuentions of Ingens and suche lyke Of the whiche this our age maye seeme not onely to contende with the Auncientes but also in many goodly inuentions of Art and wyt farre to exceede them For not to speake agaynst all the marueylous inuentions of our tyme what of theirs is to be compared to the Artes of Printyng makyng of Gunnes Fyre woorkes of sundry kyndes of artificial Fyres of suche marueylous force that mountaynes of moste harde rockes and stones are not able to resyst their violence but art by them broken in peeces and throwen into the ayre with suche violence that neyther the spirite of Demogorgon or the thunderboltes of infernal Pluto can doo the lyke What shoulde I here speake of the woonderfull inuentions of Fartalio in his booke De Arte maiori or of many other wherof Vannucius Beringocius wryteth in his booke entituled Pytotechnia As touchyng which terrible inuentions and the lyke although some men be of opinion that they were inuented by the instigation of the deuyll for the destruction of mankynde yet other weyghyng the matter more indifferently thynke that the inuention of Gunnes hath been the sauyng of many mens lyues because before the vse of them men were not woont so long tyme to lye batteryng in the besiegyng of Townes or Fortresses but in short space to come to hande strokes and to soughten feeldes to the great slaughter of great multitudes And seeyng that nowe our enimies the Turkes and other Infidels haue the vse of these deuylyshe inuentions as they name them it may be thought requisite for vs agaynst suche deuylles to vse also the lyke deuylyshe inuentions lest refusyng the same and geuyng place to euyl we shoulde wyllyngly suffer the kyngdome of the deuyll to triumphe ouer vs not otherwyse able to resyst and much lesse to ouercome so puissant and horrible enimies except besyde al hope myght aryse in our defence some newe Moyses or Elias or the Priestes of Iericho whiche onely with the noyse and sounde of Hornes or Trumpettes ouerthrewe the walles of the towne Neyther wyl the example of Dauid and Goliath or of Samson and the Philistines serue our turne at this tyme although I beleeue that the arme of the Lorde is not weakened yf there lacked not a Moyses with his rodde and woorthie Assystentes which myght helpe to holde vp his weerye arme But to returne to speake of ingens and ingenious inuentions whiche inuented and vsed to the glorie of God and defence of his people against the furie and tyrannie of Infidelles they may as woorthyly be called the gyftes of God as were the inuentions and Art of them that buylded eyther the Temple of Hierusalem or the Arke of God And yet is it there wrytten of those Artificers that God gaue them the spirite of knowledge and cunnyng in suche Artes. And therefore I thynke it may also be sayde without offence