that I write to be understood of all and so bent my country-stile to the capacities of those I supposed would chiefly put the contents of it in practise My Second request is to the honest countrey farmer or whosoever he be who intends to mete his ground by my chain that he would go through with it and make it his own as he goes for by so doing he may finde benefit assuredly My last request is to both joyntly Not to reject the grounds of it without good reason nor without a pair of spectacles to convince experience 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the mother of Arts as the Philosopher calls her I might put this into the ballance to weigh down the censure of both 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but I forbear lest I should tire the Reader 's patience with too tedious a Prologue letting truth stand on its own bottom and commend it in general to the well-improvers of it and rest thy friend to serve thee GEORGE ATWELL The Author to his Book GO little book and travel through the land None will refuse to take thee in their hand Fear neither Momus mouth nor Zoilus quill Assuredly there 's none can do thee ill Both simple gentle Barons Lords and Knights Will take thee for the chiefest of delights Thou teachest them to measure all their ground Which certainly will save them many a pound Plain-Table and Pandoron with its sight Circumferentor and Theodelite Quadrat Quadrant and Chain alone with these Thou 'lt teach them for to measure with great ease Some give a penny to a fire that 's past But thou giv'st pounds for to prevent the wast Thou cleansest water flow'st and drain'st their grounds And bringest water plenty to their Towns Thou teachest also to enrich their mold And i th' mean while to fill their chests with gold Thus doing thou shalt never be forgotten But thou shalt live when I am dead and rotten G. A. Upon his wolthy Friend Mr. George Atwell and this his exact Method of Surveying So nâ—w the Press ha's a new labour past Which shee 'l her bâ—st acknowledge if not last Ne're did her letters such a posture show So advantageous since they first did know T' instruct the world how they their Acres should Cast-up and measure by the perch or rood 'T was but of late since which applause we view'd Some labours in this kinde and thought them good But they themselves will now no more aspire To further praise but all consent t' admire Content since thou art come So when we spie A curious piece that entertains our eye With livelyness w' approve 't yet when we part Forget it in a livelyer pieces art Me thinks I see how with a glance men lay Others aside and by their longer stay Speak their contentment of thy book and stand Surveying that as thou of late their land With such exactness Here thine art 's by thee So rais'd that truth meets with facility Before we did by Sines and Tangents go Theodelete Circumferentor too Wayes that I sigh to think of which at th' sight Of th' marshall'd figures able were t' affright An unassured eye who without fear ' Gainst such a rallied number dar'd appear Armies of figures in the field then stood Fore-sight it was though without fear of bloud To reach an herb a sign we could not know T' or'â—come that bed where lately it did grow This by thy chain alone thou do'st and we Admire thine art admire thy brevity Men of thy temper and that own a mind As thine so searching we may seek not find At thoughts of it we can securely crie Th' acutest mind still ha's the piercing'st eye John Hutchinson Trin. Coll. To his honoured friend Mr. George Atwell on his Faithfull Surveyour SEe the stile alters Poets did but feign Counter Pandora with her box again Sals-bury-stones that pos'd the baker's loaves Might here have set themselves in these thy groves Thy hand hath meted and be sure to try There 's nothing in 't but squar'd by Geometry But sound thy Art and teach us how to get Some lands as thou hast taught to measure it For while we other 's mete our spirits rise And in their acres we but Tantalize Yet 't is too true estates take no degree I' th Confines of our University He who was ask'd Where our possessions lay Might well have thus resolv'd In Terr' Incognita Or In the Isles that well may bear the date From their unlucky seat Infortunate Help out invention and assist ye hands 'T is Scholars fate you see to have no lands If any they appropriate will have They must Ben-Syra-like mete out their grave Or else if all plots fail may try their skill To take the angles of Parnassus hill But wee 'le suspend our judgment and not dare To question till we see thy Finis there The Welsh-mans sentence was content to stay The Apostles leasure till the Judgement-day And shall not we with patience wait to see The true Effigies of thy Art and thee Till then wee 'le try our skill no spirit raise Without a Charm t' encircle thee with bays I. Charles T. C. Philomath To the praise of the Ingenuous Book of his honoured friend Mr. George Atwell call'd his Faithfull Surveyour On the Authors name GEORGIVS ATWELL Anagram AGROS E VVLTV LEGI THis book 's thine own none need to fear Each leaf thy picture in 't doth bear It 's the Idea of thy mind And face to both are here conjoyn'd On his Book I Do not wonder that Medusa's head At sight could render living mortals dead Since the perusal of this book whose vein The richest gems of wisedome doth contein I seeing wondred wondring dead I fell To view so much lockt in so small a shell On the Author WHat splendour can or Jove or Saturn add Who borrow all to Sol most richly clad In golden vestiments to Sol whose rays Each morn foretells to all their Halcyon days Muse T'averre he wants no praise WHat glory then dear Muse I prethee tell To him whose name subscrib'd shows all 's done well Ought we to give to him whose pregnant wit Shall live while others may in silence sit Muse On earth there 's none that 's fit ON earth there 's none that 's fit then soar the skies Brave George whose fame beyond the clouds doth rise In spight of envies Clog and does aspire Heavens Canopie beset around with fire Thither thy self retire D. Jenner A. B. Trin. Coll. To his much respected Friend Mr George Atwell upon his Book Of Surveying c. TO dress my lines in praise of Thee my quill I 'de wish to dip where Poets once did fill Their versing pens whose thoughts when they 'd rehearse Like metall in a mould would run to verse I 'de shew my self then gratefuller to Thee Then these detracting times could spitefull bee Here you the Curtain draw and let us see The now-known worth of conceal'd mysterie 'T was Nature form'd the
that we may be sure you can stick at nothing we will lead you through one line and then turn you foot-loose First therefore if you have not yet done in the field and the weather serves your helpers are ready then take your plot off your Table and cover it with a new sheet of paper and away into the field lose no time there especially if you are far from home for you may plot cast at all times at home but you cannot always measure in the field But if otherwise then take your Table from his foot the socket from the Table your plot still upon it lay your field-book before you and take your scale and compasses in your hand and begining at A both of your book and plot seeing 5 which signifies 5 linkes in breadth is right against A on the right-side of the line and that you go contra Solem which gives the hedge you go by to B on the right hand therefore take those 5 with your compasses from off the same scale you laid down your station-line by and set them from A to the right hand which although you work by a scale of 8 or 10 in the inch you cannot take with your compasses therefore ghuess at them and then make a prick Next take with your compasses your next length on your left hand which is 200 that set in the station-line from A that is set one foot in A as you must doe likewise with all the other lengths and the other where it falls in the said station-line toward B but because there is no crooke of the hedge either inward or outward save only the path which shewes that there you cross'd the path therefore onely draw a stroke or two if it be broad cross the station-line Then take your next length 435 and set it likewise in the station-line from A towards B and for that right against it you have 60 breadth therefore take 60 and set on the right hand of your station-line and because I see also hedge it tells me that a parting hedge of two closes shot right against that 60 therefore I give a little touch with my pen till I come to set out the rest of it in the other closes My next length being my station 900 B is set out already Lastly because my last length is 907 that is 7 beyond 900 and that the breadth against it is 7 also therefore take 7 with your compasses and set it both forward and on the right-side and thus have you pricked out the hedges against this station-line Now you must draw lines with your scale and compasses from pricke to pricke and then with ink so these parcells between the line and the hedge must be additions to that within the station-lines to this first close but subtractions from the other where one station-line serves to two closes as that part of AB from A to 435 doth both for this and the next CHAP. V. Of calculation or casting up The figures or parts to be measured are either squares oblongs triangles or trapezias such as are compounded of an oblong and a triangle For the square and the oblong one rule may serve both viz. multiply the breadth in the length Triangles are of divers sorts we make use onely of two the rectangle and the scalenum the rectangle without the station-lines the scalenum within For the rectangle and trapezium one rule will serve both at least those trapezas which have two right angles at the station-line Add the breath at both ends together take half for the common breadth multiply it by the length these breadths and lenghts our book will give us For scalenums within the station-lines the way is thus Look how many angles your station-lines do make so many triangles will there be save two by drawing diagonall lines from corner to corner these diagonalls are fittest for your bases unless if it be a single triangle then commonly the longest side Take the length of your base therefore with your compasses and apply it to your scale and what it gives set it down take also the shortest distance between the angle opposite to that base and the base it self apply it also to the scale and what it gives set down also now take half the base and all the perpendicular or half the perpendicular and all the base and multiply one by the other so have you the content of that triangle But commonly where there are more angles then three one base will serve two triangles and add both perpendiculars together and take half of both and the whole base or half the base both them and multiply so have you the contents of both triangles And thus shall you cast up all your out-borders just as you found them by the chain many times the bases of your triangles also So that by this way it is impossible to fail much if any heed be taken whereas by the common way of plotting without a field-field-book it is almost impossible to come near the truth especially working by so small a scale as I have known some do mixing those crooks without with the triangles within so that they lose wholy the benefit of their measuring by the chain not taking one line as they measured it they trust rather to taking up their out-side lines by the scale and compasses then to their chain yet they will confess that with the scale of 32 in the inch which I have known a famous Artist use in no great ground that they cannot distinguish a quarter of a pole So a quarter miss'd at laying down and a quarter at taking up there is half a pole miss'd in the length of each perpendicular and as much in each base and these multiplyed I see not but a man may pase a ground as near the truth as they And thus in general We will now come to the particular parts and first of the outsides We shewed even now how an oblong must be measured by multiplying the breadth by the length and likewise the rectangle triangle and trapezia by adding both ends together and taking the half for the mean breadth Now therefore in the first close begining at A subtract the first length 0 out of the next against which you find a breadth viz. 435 there remains the length of that rectangled trapezium 435 and for the breadth of it add the first breadth 5 10 the next 60 it makes 65 the half whereof is 32 1 2 which multiplied by 435 gives 14137 the content of that trapezium to be set against the latter of the two numbers or breadths 60. Where note by the way that you shall never have any other fraction to multiply by but ½ and for that you must work from the left hand to the right saying Half 4 is 2 half 3 is 1 half 15 is 7 as here you see Then again take your last length 435 out of 907 for you have no breadth at 900 rests 472 the
us a better CHAP. XXV Of Instruments for conveying of water and their use IF your distance be not above an 100 poles or thereabouts you may hang your Pandoron or Quadrant on the pin of the neck and then set up a staff or rather let one hold it upright with his face toward you at the head of the water moving a sheet of paper up or down as you standing 8 or 10 pole off in the water-way shall direct him by the signe of your hand till you having there set up your Instrument and plumb'd it truly level you see either through the sights or over side of the Quadrant the nether edge of the paper having first screwed the ruler fast and placed the thin edge thereof precisely upon the upper Horizontal line of the Instrument now take not your stations above 10 pole at the most from your standings both in regard of the refractions of the air which will deceive your sight as also for that though your Instruments be never so true yet if you fail either in your plumbing it or in laying your ruler but one tenth part of an inch false which is easily done you will fail so many tenths as are Tables lengths between your Table your staff which if your Table be 18 inches Radius and your station ten pole will come to eleven inches in that distance enough to marr your whole work Now he having placed his paper let him bring it staff and all to you without stirring it and then you having a two-foot rule and a stick in your hand about four foot and an half long measure first the height of your sights above the ground also from the bottom of his staff to the nether edge of the paper if both be alike then those two places are level if not then see which is most and how many inches there are odds if his be more then yours then your ground is risen more then his so many inches as the difference is but if you are more then he then you are lower and then the water will run or else not For it will never run higher naturally upward unless your former falls do countervail your rise Having thus found the difference you must in a note-book make two Tables one for the risings and another for the falls at each station with their titles of rising and falling over them and the number of inches at each station and the number of the stations on the left hand and you may do well also to measure the distance with a chain and set down on the right side the distance from the spring-head and at each station to observe some mark And having all done you must cast up the Tables each by it self the inches of the falls by themselves and the ascents by themselves then subtract the lesser total from the greater if the descents be most it will run so that there be no station in the way that is higher then the spring-head which if you suspect cast up both your Tables onely so far and you may easily know Yet if it should that will not cut you off altogether for though you cannot help your self by digging deep yet it is hard if you cannot by going about Having thus measured and found the difference you may for triall-sake exchange places and let him stand where you stood and do you stand at the fountain If there you finde the descent to be the same as you did before all is right and that you will hardly do unless your Instrument be both very large and very exact But now you must know that there is a difference between your being between the spring-head and him and his being between it and you for now if he be most he is lowest for always he that is most is lowest Now if you will you may either your self go on forward and let your assistant stand or rather your self stand there still if you remove not to prove as I said and so you may take two distances at one station especially if you have two assistants and all you three are in one direct line so if you keep your work in a streight line if two assistants stand in the water-way if you stand in the middle in a right-line if you see to one of them you see to the other without stirring the Instrument any ways Again so far as you go in a direct line if you have once set two marks level you may easily by them set up a third and fourth as far as it goeth in a streight line and when it turns then use your Instrument as afore Also it so falls out that water is to be brought out of some pond or level water if you bore holes in two boards like trenchers and sharpen sticks of equal height with white papers on them if the boards lying in the water two assistants hold the sticks that you may set up a third in a streight line with them with a mark upon it agreeing level with the other marks if they are too high remove them lower but both alike or your own higher contrá onely take just notice how high the two are above the water and then go on with a fourth and fifth so long as you go in a streight line and then use the Instrument as afore Also it may happen that you desire to bring water from some spring or head but you have neither level nor level water nor streight water-way but you suppose it will run and the way is not long and you would willingly try First then begin at the head and make a little trench of three or four pole long towards the way that it will run streight whether this be streight or crooked it matters not then let run so much water as may onely fill this trench if you finde it dry or shallower of water at the head then at the other end it shews the ground to be falling then do the like with three or four poles more still making the water to follow you till you be gone three or four pole in your streight line then having fill'd it that the water may stand level at both ends stick up two sticks one at one end the other at the other of equal length about four foot above the water then go on 10 or 12 pole in the same line where set up a mark so that you standing behinde it and looking to the middle mark either all the tops or all the bottoms according to which you measured your equal heights may agree then if that stick be longer beneath the mark then the other two it shews descent if any rising places be in the midst you may easily finde their rise by setting up a stick and measuring it as before CHAP. XXVI Of flowing of grounds MIne intent is not here to describe the manner of making engines sluces Cochleas mills c. to mount the water withall as being too great a charge for a small piece of