But I was pleased to see many Turks to salute Seignior Gabriel the Emperour's Courier in our Company and to take his hand and put it to their foreheads Dr. Edw. Brown 's Travels Persians A Mile nearer Spahawn the Visier the Sultan of Spahawn Meloyembeg and Hodgenazar the Armenian Prince in a Cavalcade of about 4000 Horse and innumerable Foot came out to meet us the High-way for two Miles full of Men Women Children and Banyans who all saluted us with Hoshomody Soflowardy the better sort with Hosh-galdom Sottogaldom i.e. Welcom welcom Heartily welcom Sir Tho. Herb. Mogul's Countrey Indolstan 1. The Meaner sort to their Superiors put their right hand to the Earth 2. Their Familiars in intimate Salutation take one another by the Chin and cry Father or Brother using good Wishes as God give you health Ans The same health God give you I wish you the Prayers of the Poor I wish one good after another to come to you every quarter of an Hour 3. The Better sort when they entertain you rise up to you bow their Bodies and then entreat you to sit with them The Goeghy a Sect of Banyans never speak to such as pass by them nor give them the time of the day nay they will not answer those that speak to them out of a Perswasion that being consecrated to their God Bruin they should defile themselves by speaking to other Men. Mandelslo's Travels into the Indies p. 56. Chinese Above all the Chinese exceed in this Point The first thing they teach their Youth is Salutation and have whole Books writ upon it If a Man hath but once seen a Person he is obliged to salute him and this is not done with the Hat but closing the left hand and putting it into the right and both to the Breast with a low inclination of the Head with Protestations to confirm what is expressed by Gestures c. Idem Tunquin Among the Tunquinese it is not the Custom to ask one another How they do but How many Measures of Rice he ate far his Dinner and whether he ate with an Appetite This is a general Custom among all the Idolatrous Indians unless in the Dominions of the Great Mogul where they â—at not Rice only but Bread and there they ask in Civility How much Rice they boiled and How much Meal they baked for Bread Tavernier 's Collect. of Relat. Fidelity Treachery Jews THE Treachery of the Jews hath been one great Reason of the unkind Usage they have met with from Christians and their frequent Expulsions from Country to Country as at Trent for crucifying a Child and poisoning Wells so likewise in Hungary c. for the like Misdemeanours In Curland for a Murrain as was suspected raised by Jewish Exorcisms among the Cattle but intended as was said a Plague to the People c. Christians The Christian Principle and the Practice of good Christians is well known in this respect Yet sometimes we have instances of gross Perfidiousness as in the case of Vladislaus K. of Hungary who by instigation of the Pope's Legate had broken League with Amurath the Turkish Emperour who upon his crying out Are these O Christ the Leagues which thy Servants have Sworn to by thy Name If thou art a God Avenge the Injury got the Victory over him and carried the King's Head on a Spear c. Alsted Papists Henry 7th Emperour was so Devout that he would pray and weep whole Nights before a Crucifix which he carried with him and received the Sacrament daily upon which occasion he died by a Minorite of Florence that gave him the Host Poisoned Alsted Hist. John Husse and Jerome of Prague were burnt alive after a Promise of Safe-Conduct granted by the Emperour and the Axiom enacted That Faith is not to be kept with Hereticks Russians The Muscovites are generally false and perfidious not regarding their words but studying to over-reach or cozen all they can insomuch that being in other Countries they strive to dissemble their own S. Clark Romans I love Treachery but hate Traytors said Augustus Emperour to one that boasted of his Merits Rhymitacles King of Thrace who had revolted from Antony to him Camerar Heathens Brennus King of France over-whelmed a Maid that had betrayed Ephesus to him with Bracelets and Necklaces the Reward of her Treachery Idem The Julian Law assigned the same Punishment to Sacrilege and Treachery placing the one the very next step to the other Vlpian l. 7. de Offic. Procons Mohometans Solyman The Turkish Emperour contrary to his Promise commanded the Betrayers of Buda to be slain Camerar The same Solyman promised his Daughter for a Reward to him that would betray the Isle of Rhodes but when the Christian Traitor challenged his Promise with a large Portion for Matrimony the King brought his Daughter out in very costly Attire with a Vides me stetisse promissis you see I am as good as my word but withal commanded him to be flead and put on a Bed of Salt or his Daughter would not be a fit Match except for a Mussulman whose Skin was Circumcised and clean from Baptism Idem One of the Dervises pretending to ask an Alms of Bajazet the Second desperately assailed him with a short Scimiter hid under his hypocritical habit Knolles p. 463. The like they had attempted against his Father in his Youth c. and in our days Mahomet the Great Vizier Passa was murthered by one of these Dervises Idem The Mahometans but especially the Hindoes are very faithful to all their Engagements insomuch that if they be assaulted at any time they will rather die in defence of their Trust than forsake it and those that intrust them in time of their need Marriage and Divorce Jews THE manner of proceeding in Marriage is set down Methodically in the first Book what was omitted there is to be related here After the Dowry made by the Bridegroom upon the Bride of which but half the Sum is usually given to Widows as to Virgins follows Affiancing in these words Behold take her after the Law of Moses The Man replies Be thou unto me a Wife according to the Law of Moses and Israel Their Dowry-bill according to the usage of the Jews in Barbary is thus Upon the Sixth of the Week the Fourth of the Month in the Year of the Creation of the World according to the Computation which we use here at Arzila a Town scituate on the Sea-shore of Barbary the Bridegroom Rabbi the Son of R. said unto the Bride-wife Daugter of R. Merchant in Alcazar Be unto me a Wife according to the Law of Moses and Israel and I according to the Word of God will worship honour maintain and govern thee according to the manner of Husbands among the Jews who do faithfully worship honour maintain and govern their Wives I also bestow upon thee the Dowry of thy Virginity amounting to 50 Shekels which belong unto thee by the Law and moreover thy food raiment and
of the death of Imam Hussia a mournful Festival and lasting 10 days in which time they wear black no Man shaves go not to the Bagnio's debauch not abstain from their Wives during these 10 days the Gates of Paradise are open for Mahometans who die then M. de Thev The People black all their Bodies go naked about the Streets crying Hussein Hocen Hocen Hussein 'till they foam at the Mouths c. Tavernier Turkish First Month Muharrem ai Thirty Days The Ramjam of the Mahometans or Lent begins the first New Moon of September and continues that whole Moon viz. 30 days The last day of their Lent they consecrate to a day of mourning for their deceased Friends See in the Month Remezan before The next day after Lent they go to the Mosquits to hear some part of the Alcoran Vide Fasting Ancient Heathen Aug. 17. Portunalia 18. Consualia 20. Vinalia secunda 21. Vinal Rustica Mysteria Magn. 23. Vulcanalia in Circ Flam. 25. Opiconsivae 27. Volturnalia sive Vortumnalia v. Oct. 28. Harpocratis Fest. 29. Volcanalia Sept. 15. Ludi V. KL qui Romani Magni Modern Heathen Medearum a Feast of the persees kept on the 16th of Deh or August 7. In Tisri or Ethanim September October Jewish TIsri 1. The Feast of Trumpets Lev. 23.23 Numb 29.1 2 3. in Civil Account New-Years-day 1. This was New Moon and Feast of Trumpets 2. They offered Sacrifices for the Feast for the New Moon and the daily Sacrifices 3. They blew Trumpets from Morning 'till Night Psal 81.3 Either 1. To make New-Years-Day more remarkable or in remembrance 2. Of the Ram Sacrificed for Isaac or 3. The giving the Law on M. Sinai or 4. The Resurrection 10. The Day of Atonement Lev. 23.27 Jejunium Kipparim the Jews long day On this day the High-Priest enter'd into the Holy of Holies and 1. Offered for himself a young Bullock for a Sin-Offering and a Ram for a Burnt-Offering washing himself with Water See Book the 2d Confession 2. Took of the Congregation two He-Goats letting one of them escape into the Wilderness disburthening the Sins of the People on him Sacrificing the other together with a Ram. 15. The Feast of Tabernacles Schenopegia which lasted seven days Leviticus 23.48 On these Days 1. They made Booths and lived in them in Streets or the tops of Houses with Citron Palm Myrtle Willow 2. Every Man carried a load of Boughs in the Morning which load was called Hosanna 3. On the next day they compassed the Altar 7 times with Palm-Boughs in their hands in remembrance of the overthrow of Jericho crying out Hosanna Hence Dies Palmarum 4. They Offered 70 Bullocks of these 7 Days 13 on the Ist c. to signifie the diminution of the 70. 12 on the 2d c. to signifie the diminution of the 70. 11 on the 3d. c. to signifie the diminution of the 70. Nations 'till the Messiah subdued them 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Dies Palmarum or Hosanna Rabba was the seventh day of the Feast on which 1. They read the last Section of the Law and began the first left they should seem glad that it was ended 2. They brought store of Water from the River Shiloah to the Priest who with Wine poured it on the Altar and sang Isa 12.3 With Joy shall ye draw Water out of the Wells of Salvation Vid. John 7.38 23. Gaudium Legis or Festivitas Legalis a Feast in remembrance of the Law when the last Section is read and at the same time the Law is begun again that the Devil say they may not tell GOD That Israel is weary of the Law Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Sep. 14. Vzemirna wozdui senja Chresta or the Exaltation of the Cross a Festival of the Muscovites Bishop Latimer in a Sermon of his to the Clergy delivers himself in this manner Do ye see nothing in our Holy-days of the which very few were made at first and they to set forth Goodness Vertue and Honesty But sithence there is neither mean nor measure in making new Holy-days As who say This one thing is serving GOD to make this Law that no Man may work But what do the People on these Holy-days See you nothing Brethren If you see not GOD seeth GOD seeth all the whole Holy-days to be spent miserably in Drunkenness Glossing Strife Envy Dancing Diceing Idleness and Gluttony Thus Men serve the Devil for GOD is not thus served albeit ye say ye serve GOD. The Devil hath more Service done unto him in one Holy-day than on many Working-days Rich Men flow in delicates the Poor may not work unless they will be cited and brought before our Officials Were it not the Office of good Prelates to consult upon these Matters Ye shall see my Brethren you shall see once what will come of this winking Mahometan Persian Eiloul 30 Days Some time after the Feast of Hussein and Hocen the Persians celebrate the Feast of the Camel in remembrance of Abraham's Sacrifice for they say it was a Camel and not a Ram which was sent to reprieve Ishamel not Isaac Tavernier Turkish Sepher ai 29 Days Sept. 20. i. e. Forty Days after Aaschour in a Feast called Serten i. e. dead body because say they the Head of Hussia being cut off was of it self-joined to the body 40 days after kept with great rejoycing Alms not shaving the head from the first of Aaschour by some till this of Serte M. de Theu Ancient Heathen Sept. 30. Epulum Minervae Meditrinalia On this day they tasted the first New Wine Octob. 1. Pyanepsia seu Panopsia Apoll 10. Oschophoria i. e. Ramalia Feasts at Athens instituted by Theseus when he returned Mourning from Creet upon Intelligence of the decease of his Father Aegeus in which the Noblest Youths carried Vine-branches into Minerva's Temple Jewish 8. In Marchesuan October November 7. A Fast They plucked out the Eyes of Zedekiah c. Ancient Christian I came my self saith the aforesaid Bishop to a place sending word over night to the Town the I would preach next day a Holy-day When I came the door was fast locked I tarried there half an hour or more at last the Key was found and one told me Sir this is a busie day with us we cannot hear you 't is Robin Hood's Day the Parish are gone abroad to gather for Robin Hood My Rochet was fain to give place to Robin Hood's men a Traitor and Thief Bp. Latimer's Serm. Cardinal Pool in his Platform of Reformation A. 1555. here in England requires the Bishops to preach every Sunday or Holyday Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation The Council of Trent requires Arch-Presbyters Parish-Ministers and all that had Cure of Souls either by themselves or if hindered by any lawful impediment by others fit persons to feed the people committed to their charge with wholsom words according to their own and their Capacity upon Holy-days and Solemn Festivals c. Decr. Sess
Yet their Dervices do undergo voluntary Penances far exceeding the Romanists herein putting such massy Fetters of Iron upon their Legs as that they could scarce stir with them and then covered with blew Mantles the Colour of Mourners going as fast as they are able bare-foot many miles together upon the hot parching ground in Pilgrimage to visit the Sepulchers of their Saints suffering and waiting for their Recompence in that better life to come Once in their lives they are obliged by their Law to go one Pilgrimage to Mecha Which is thus All the way they sing Verses of the Alcoran bestow Charity c. Two days before they arrive at Mecha they strip naked and continue so 8 days and go round the Kiaabe 7 times Praying with an Imam before them Ancient Heathen Corn. Cethegus and Qu. Sulpitius Roman Priests were put out of Office the one because he let fall the Apex which the Priests carried in Sacrificing from his Head the others because he did not place the Entrals of the Victim aright The Druids if any person private or publick engaged in Controversy will not stand to their determination they forbid them the Sacrifices Caesar de Bell. Gall. They sit in a Consecrated place whither all come for the hearing of Controversies The persons thus suspended were accounted impious and execrable All men shun'd their company The Unclean were driven away from Sacrifices by the Herald crying Procul este profani Vestal Virgins becoming incontinent were bound alive carried on a Bier through the Forum with great silence and horrour set on a Ladder by which she descended into a Cave where was prepared a Bed a burning Light a little Bread Water and Milk the Ladder drawn up the Cave's Mouth was filled up with earth either that such an offender might not be honour'd with burning or that being a Consecrate Virgin she might dye as it were of her own accord saith Plutar. Modern Heathen In the East-Indies when a Man or Woman hath committed a sin that makes them be expelled the Caste as if a Woman had lain with a Mahometan she must in order to be re-admitted live upon no nothing else for a certain time but the grain that is found amongst Cow-dung M. de Thev 10. Marriage and Divorce Jewish 1. MArriage Concerning the Marriage of the Ancient Jews I refer my Reader to Sacred Scripture The Barbary-Jews admit not any unmarried Sect among them Concerning their Marriages observe 1. Whom they marry One of their own Tribe 2. When. Their Daughters often are betrothed at ten Years of Age and if Rich married when young 3. How 1. The first visit is short to prevent disparagement if it succeed not 2. In case of liking Presents are sent 3. Articles are drawn up particularly even 'till it come to the Night-dress 4. A Dowry is made by the Man 5. The Woman is affianced i. e. given to the Man by some near Relation 6. For eight Days the Woman useth Bathing 7. On the Marriage-Eve she is put by two Matrons into Tabila a Cistern of cold Water not a Hair above Water when she comes out her Hair is neatly dressed up 8. On the Marriage-Day they put on their Wedding-Robes retire to their private Devotions and then to the Synagogue-Service 9. Then returns he to his Bride sitting in a Chair having a Virgin on each hand puts the Kedusim or Wedding-Ring on her Thumb or any Finger of her right Hand calling Witnesses 10. The Rabbi saith a Prayer 11. After Prayer having blessed and tasted a Glass of Wine he gives it to the Bridegroom who breaks it in remembrance of the destruction of the Temple 12. The Bridegroom takes off the Bride's Veil gives her the right hand sits down by her discourses a while retire into the Lodging-Room wherein are two Beds on the Floor to one of which the Bridegroom betakes himself after the Tokens received Deut. 22. and a certain short Mystical Prayer used 13. For eight days they Feast Neighbours come and pray with the Man the Woman being allowed these eight Days for Purification the Man sees her not but at meal-times 14. At a woman's first meeting her husband she walks thrice about him and the man once about the woman 2. Divorce concerning which and more concerning Marriage see in the Second Book Ancient Christian None could lawfully Marry till they had first advised with the Bishop and Clergy and obtained their leave probably to secure them from Marrying with Gentiles v. Tertull. de Monog c. 11. c ad Vx l. 2. c. 2.9 Pope Calixtus first Prohibited Matrimony between those that were near a-kin consanguineos of the same Blood such as the Laws of God of the Emperors Greek and Roman admitted to the Inherirance Carrauz in Decr. Calixti Pa. Christians were forbid to Marry with Infidels Idem Sum. Elibert Conc. c. 15.16 17. S. Jerome speaks of sponsalitius annulus upon Job c. 8. and on Isa 3. and Beda calls it sincera fidei signaculum on Luk. c. 5. Hom. 40. Pope Euristus in his first Epistle to the African Bishops shews in what manner Christian Matrimony ought to be Celebrated Viz. 1. Let a Wife be sought and betrothed by the Parents that are next to her a Parentibns Propinquioribus i. e. I suppose Father Grand-father c. 2. Let her be blessed in a Priestly manner as the custom is with Prayers and Orations by the Priest 3. Let her be kept and attended by the Brideman and Bride-maid and for two or three days let them be at leisure for Prayers and preserve their Chastity that good Children may be generated and they may please the Lord in their Actions otherwise saith he account them rather Adulteries Lewdness or Fornication than Wedlock Carrauz in Decr. Eucaristi Pa. Mahometan The Turks may have three sorts of Wives lawful Wives Wives of Kebin and Slaves 1. The first are thus Married 1. The Man agrees with the Maid's Parents for her Dowry 2. The Cady with two Witnesses writs down the agreement 3. Before the Celebration the Imam blesses the Marriage 4. On the day the Bride muffled up is led to the Bride-groom's House to Feasting and Musick c. They may have four Wives For Wives of Kebin less ceremony serves Divorces are thus The Husband goes before a Cady and saith I part with her for three times allowing her a Dowry if he Divorce her wrongfully nor may she Marry again till after four Months Ancient Heathen A Soothsayer and Witnesses were present at Marriages the one to give token of good luck e. g. a Crow because one dying the other lives without a Mate the others Signatores to Seal the form of the Contract They gave the Bride Golden Coin in a Charger which some think was stampt with the Resemblance of the Bride-groom or Bride or both Dr. Holy-day on Juv. p 114. They betrothed with a Ring Et digito pignus fortasse dedisti Juv. Pliny saith the Ring was of Iron Tertullian and Marcell Donatus of
Gold They gave the Guests VVine cakes at their Departure Dr. Holyday The new Bride and Bride-groom sacrificed a white Hog perhaps to signify the fruitfulness of Marriage Divorces allowed among the Romans to one person 8 times beyond that number was accounted Adultery v. Mart. l. 6. Aut minus aut certe non plus tricesima lux est Et nubit decimo jam Telesina viro Quae nubit toties non nubit Adultera lege est Modern Heathen In the East-Indies they Marry their Children very young and in the Province of Baglana Celebrate the Marriage and bed the Children much sooner than in many places of the Indies viz. at 8 or 10 years old A Gentile Marries at any age and cannot have several VVives at a time provided he Marries a Maid and one of his own Caste Many Ceremonies are to be seen at their VVeddings At certain times in great Towns 500 or 600 are Celebrated in a day and nothing to be seen in the Streets but enclosures at the front of the Husband's House made with Poles or Canes covered with Tapestry c. Before the Wedding they make a Cavalcade through the Town with Musick and much Pomp then a Bramen having said some Prayers over both puts a Cloth betwixt the Husband and the VVife and orders the Husband with his naked Foot to touch the naked Foot of his Wife and that compleats the Marriage M. de Thev In Negapatan in the East-Indies the Priest with a Cow and Man and VVoman together go to the River-side where the Bramen mutters over a short Prayer links their Hands about the Cows Tail forces the Beast into the River having first poured upon them his Holy Oyl where they go as far as they can with the Beast and then returning to shore their hands are united and they Married Diabolical In Amboyna they who worship the Devil at Marriage use no Ceremonies for the parties being agreed the Bridegroom's Father carries a Present of some Toys to the Bride and the Bride's Father makes a Feast at which they have Musick of Tabors and Lologo or Dances in the Honour of Nito and so consummate the Marriage which they break with the same facility they contracted it for the VVives leve their Husbands upon the least discontent and the next day they Marry another Mandelsto Funerals Jewish ABraham buried Sarah in a Cave Gen. 23. Saul was buried in a Grove or under an Oak 1 Cor. 10. They used also burning of thir Dead 1 Sam. 31.12 Amos 6.10 Their common Epitaph is Let his Soul be in the bundle of Life with the Rest of the Just Rosse They used to Mourn for the Dead c. At present among the Jews in Barbary the way is thus 1. A Jew being sick a Rabbi is sent for who 1. Draws up an Envoy of his Estate 2. Takes account of his Debts 3. Provides for the Payment 4. The remainder is disposed 1. In a double Dowry to the Wife to what was promised 2. In Alms to Orphans 3. In Alms to Widows 4. In a Legacy to the Synagogue and Holy House i. e. the Temple expected at the coming of the Messiah 2. When like to Die he confesseth his Faith and in the short Oration is recommended to mercy 3. Is Buried within the Natural day after departure the Corps being washed and if rich in Rose-water Orange-flowers c. put in a clean shirt drawers and a strip of Linnen and after all in a very white sheet and Cossin 4. The Relations stir not abread for seven days after interrment 5. The Corps is carried by four persons to the place of Burial 6. At the Grave some certain parcels of Divine Service are said Dr. Addison See more in the Second Book Mr. Rosse relates other usages as covering the face tearing a piece of thier Garments Bowing the Thumb Stretching out the other Fingers Casting a shell after the Corps Casting grass over their Heads Changing their Seat 7 times in the Synagogue Going bare-foot 7 days Burning Candles 7 days c. Ancient Christian In the Funerals of the Ancient Christians I Observe 1. That one of the nearest Relations shut the Eyes of the person Deceased So S. Augustine saith concerning his Mother Premebam Oculos ejus 2. Sometimes to comfort themselves in the Affliction they Sung Psalms together as in the forecited instance of Monica's Funeral S. Austine tells us Euodius took a Psalter and begun to sing to whom all the House answered I will sing of Mercy and Judgment c. Upon which many Brethren and Devout Women gathered together and joyned with them See also Dr. Cave 3. When the Corps was brought to the Grave or Sepulcher and there laid down Prayers were said vide Aug. Confess l. 9. c. 12. 4. Orations were often made in commendation of the Party Deceased with Exhortations to the People to imitate so good an Example 5. They were not always careful for costly Funerals or embalming of their Corps or choice Monuments as S. Austine saith in these respects his Mother took no thought Nec mortuos coronamus Min. Faelix 6. They also carried Lighs burning before the Corps signifying they were as Champions c. Dr. Cave out of S. Chrysost Note 1. Eutychianus Papa statuit ut Martyres cuni Dalmatica aut Colobio Sepelirentur 2. Cerei in Coemeteriis non incendantur Conc. Eliber c. 34. 3. Ne Foeminae in Coemeteriis pervigilent ne sub obtentu Orationis Scelera committantur Ibid. Mahometan 1. After Death of any the People fall a howling loud 2. Friends come in and weep in singing doleful tones with them praising the Deceased thus He loved me so well gave me plenty of every thing c. and the rest say the same Sometimes they hire Mourning women 3. They wash the Corps shave off the Hair burn Incense about him to scare away ill Spirits wrap him up in a Sheet 4. Pray to God to be merciful to him 5. Put him into a Coffin or Bier cover'd with a Pall which is Green for a Scherif Red for a Soldier c. with a Turbant overthwart it c. 6. Carry it to the Burying place the Priests going before saying Prayers then the Friends Women crying like mad 7. Put it in the Grave and leave the Women to make lamentation The Persians place the Body Westward Burying-places always without the Town They use Tombs of Marble-stones erected Epitaphs as we M. de Thev Mahomet the Third lies buried in the midst of a Chappel at C. P. about fifty foot square with four high small round Towers about which are small round Galleries of Stone from which the Priests call to service His Tomb a great Cossin of Marble about five foot high at the end covered with a Hearse-cloath of Gold his Turbant standing at his Head and two great Candles of Wax three or four yards long in guilded Candlesticks the one at his Head the other at his Feet never burning but standing for shew Round about his Tomb
read twice in the week a Divinity Lecture Was hospitable sober humble suffered none to abide in his House who could not give account of his Faith and lived not accordingly Clark In Q. Mary's Days he was by K. Christian of Denmark's means dismissed out of Prison went into Germany Preached at Burghsaber upon the Queen's Death return'd but tho much sued to would not accept of his Bishoprick again but continued in London Preaching the Gospel as a private Minister whilst strength would permit and Died Anno. aetat 88. Mr. R. Greenham Preached twice on the Lord's Days and Catechised Preached on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday on Thursday he Catechized on Friday he Preached on the week-days in the Morning as soon as he could well see drenching his Shift with Sweating twice a day he Prayed in his Family after Sermon he took account of his Servants rising at 4. a Clock Winter and Summer to his Studies Disliked Martin-mar-Prelate a Book as tending to make Sin Ridiculous not Odious laid the charge of the Schism between Conformists and Nonconformists on either or neither side c. died at 60. Clark That Saint of ours so called by Jos Hall Bishop of Norwich Tunquin The Bonzes in Tunquin Beg for their Living and are not like the Bonzes in other Kingdoms who beg Alms as it were their due These on the contrary use all the modesty and humility that may be never taking more than is needful for them And if they have any thing to spare they give it to the Poor Widows and Orphans that cannot get their Living Tavernier's Collect. Zurich The Clergy of Zurich if they subsist plentifully they labour hard for they have generally two or three Sermons a day and at least one the first begins at 5 a Clock in the morning At Geneva and all Switzerland over there are daily Sermons which were Substituted upon the Reformation from the Mass but the Sermons are generally too long c. Dr. Burnet's Letters Pegu. The Talapoi in Pegu give the People a Sermon when they come to Church and by their exemplary Lives preserve to themselves a good reputation Paquet broke open vol. 2. They Condemn and Preach against the Offerings the Commonalty make to the Devil they go barefoot live in Woods and Desarts eat but once a day they meddle not with Points of Doctrine but insist on points of Morality and good Works the Piety of their Lives gives them great Honours after their Deaths Ibid. Siam The Clergy of Siam are regular and exemplary in their Lives they Preach to the People on Festivals 't is burning alive to have to do with Women in every Temple there is a Convent of Priests to say daily Prayers morning and evening Ibid. Cambodia It is thought here a horrid Sacriledge for the Clergy to intermeddle with temporal Affairs Ibid. Mexico The Priests exercise daily 4 times at midnight morn noon and Sun-set lashing themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with Bodkins Preaching to the People at some Feasts Purchas Good Parishoners or People to their Priests Jews I Have already in the former Part signified the Allowances made to the Priest and Levite under the Law by Divine Ordinance and have not much more to add here save that first of all the People were generally very Just in paying their Tithes and some of them proceeded so far as to make a Decimation of their least things their Mint and Cummin lest they should not reach the Exactness of the Law Secondly That when they made any Address to the Prophets they commonly brought their Presents along with them as Saul to Samuel 1 Sam. 9.7 and Naaman to Elisha 2 Kings 5.5 Christians Alsted as I remember cites the Ancient Chronicles for it when he tells us That about the same time that Constantine the Great ordered Tithes to be paid to the Clergy a Voice was heard as it were from Heaven Nunc venenum infusum est Ecclesiae which I relate not as if I were of that Opinion that Tithes are not due but I fear the Payment in kind hath ill Effects The Clergy were so well maintained in the Primitive Times by the frequent Contributions of the People that Ammianus Marcell saith they lived like Pritices Ammian Marcell l. 27. St. Chrysostom was forced to make a whole Sermon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i. e. against them that envied the Clergy Dr. Cave Also He describes at length the sad State of Bishops and other Church-men since the Church enjoy'd fix'd Revenues because they forsook their Employments to sell their Corn and Wine and to look after their Glebes and Farms besides much of their time was spent in Law-suits He wishes that he might see the Church in the State that it was in in the Times of the Apostles when it enjoy'd only the Charity and Oblation of Believers F. Simon Hist of Eccl. Rev. out of Chrys Hom. 86. in Mat. St. Augustin was of the same Mind Ibid. In the Universities of Bern and Lausanne are maintained Professors the one for the German Territory which is the Ancient Canton and the other for the New Conquest which is the French in the former are about 300 Parishes in the latter about 150. But in the Benefices on the German side the ancient Rights are preserved so that some Benefices are worth 1000 Crowns whereas in the Pais de Vaud the Provisions are set off as Sallaries and are generally from 100 to 200 Crowns Dr. Burnet's Letters Heathens In Siam the Estaites of Persons of Quality are ordinarily divided into three parts one to the King one to the Ecclesiasticks they defraying the Charges of the Funerals and the third to the Children Mandelslo's Trav p. 104. In Pegu their Preachers are still Preaching and Begging their Alms are brought to them in the Pulpits whilst they are Preaching Rosse The People drink the Water wherein the Preachers wash themselves accounting it Holy Rosse In Mexico the Revenues of the Priests were great Rosse The Southern Americans have their Priests in great Esteem making use of them as their Physicians and therefore they are very Rich for they have all the Goods of him whom they cure Idem In Siam the Bonzes or Priests are highly reverenced as well at Court as among the People The King himself hath such a Value for some of them as to humble himself before them Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 18. Some of them live by Alms others have Houses with good Revenues Protestants At Zurich the Dean and Chapter are still continued as a Corporation and enjoy the Revenues which they had before the Reformation Dr. Burnet 's Letters The Bishop of Coire hath yet reserved a Revenue of about 1000 l. Sterling a year Ibid. 50 or 60 l. is the common Sallary of a Geneva Minister Papists One that knew the State of this Kingdom well assured me that if it viz. Naples were divided into five parts upon a strict Survey it
the New-Testament I first met with St. John's First Chapter In the beginning was the word c. I read part of it and was presently convinced that the Divinity and Authority of the Author did excel all humane Writings my Body trembled my Mind was astonished and I was so affected all that day that I knew not what I was Thou wast mindful of me O my God according to the multitude of thy Mercies and calledst home thy lost Sheep into thy Fold and from that day he wholly beat himself to pious Practices Anonym Bishop Vergerius was converted by occasion of seeing Fr. Spira in his misery or as some say by reading a Protestant Book with an intention to confute it S. Augustine gives us the Story at large of his own Conversion in his Book of Confessions and imputes it partly to the reading of Cicero's Hortensius to the Prayers of his Mother Monica and her continal Admonitions the Preaching of S. Ambrose but especially to the Discourse of Pontilian and his relation of the Life of S. Anthony which so stirr'd up his Passions that immediately he burst out into Tears retired into the Garden open'd his Testament at the direction of an Angel as he thought crying Take up and read and hit presently upon that Text Rom. 13.12 13 14. Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 7 8. Justin Martyr was converted by seeing of the Martyrs Maronites Sometimes before was arrived there at Suratte a Merchant of Aleppo who had run himself out at heels and of a Maronite Christian was become a Roman Catholick in hopes to patch up his fortune being in truth a meer Counterfeit and Hypocrite for these Levantine Christians seldom change their Religion but upon some Motive of Interest and when they have got a good Sum together they presently whip back again into their own Country and for a small piece of Money obtain Absolution of their Patriarch among many others I will only mention one Franciscan called Paulus Stella coming with 400 Crowns or thereabouts in his Pocket for his Subsistance a Maronite smelt him out and under the pretence of giving him the honour of his Conversion to the Catholick Religion never left him till he had suckt him dry and turn'd the Chanel of his Money This Maronite Merchant whose Name was Chelebi shewed himself very zealous for the Capuchins and he had reason enough for the Capuchins of Aleppo had been very serviceable to him and had helped him in his Affairs when they were at the lowest ebb They were overjoyed at his Arrival at Suratte and gave out immediately that it was he that had given them Money for the building their House and Church but when I came to look over my Accompts I found that the Money that had paid for the Ground and a good share of the building came out of my Purse Father Ambrose having promised that I should be reimbursed at my Return to Paris but I never heard more of my Money nor indeed did I ever look after it Tavernier's Collect. of several Relations c. p. 37. Papists Bruno Born in Collen and Professor of Philosophy in Paris about the year of Christ 1080 being present at the Singing of the Office for his Fellow-Professor now Dead a man highly reputed for his Holy Life the Dead Corps suddainly sits up in the Bier and cries out I am in God's just Judgments eondemned These words were uttered three several days at which Bruno was so affrighted that a man held so pious was Damned began to think what would become of himself and many more Therefore concluding there was no safety for him but by forsaking the World betook himself with six of his Scholars to a hideous place for dark Woods high Hills Rocks and wild Beasts in the Province of Dauphiny near Grenoble and there built a Monastery having obtained the ground of Hugo Bishop of Grenoble the place called Carthusia whence his Monks took their Name Rosse's view of all Relig. Jews R. Hakkunas Ben Nehunia was converted by occasion of the Miracles which he saw I am Hakkunas one of them that believe and have washed my self with the Holy Waters and walk in those right ways being induced thereunto by Miracles Hortinger out of Suidas c. Elias Levita before his Death became a Christian and with thirty more Jews received Baptism but upon what occasions or inducements I cannot learn A.C. 1547. Alsted Diverse kinds of Testimonies Miraculous to Christianity Jews 1. PRomises and Prophecies and Types in Sacred Scripture 2. Satan in Possess'd Persons and Daemoniacks What have we to do with thee Jesus thou Son of God c. The Devil answering the Sons of Scevi in the Acts Acts 19. c. 3. The Jewish Nation as it is at this day dispersed through all the World and dissolved in all the most material parts of its Oeconomy without a Legal Succession of Priesthood without Genealogies without Temple without Sacrifices Holy Land Holy City Holy Altar Holy Oyl and in a word without any Government in Church or State 4. All their Attempts to regain their own Land and rebuild their own City wonderfully frustrated especially in the times of Julian the Emperor Ammian Marcell l. 23. 5. All their pretended Prophets and Saviours discovered in a most shameful manner and convicted of Imposture and Deceit especially the ignominious Delusion of Barcocab which the Jews lament to this day 6. To which may be added the Abstinence and Preaching of John Baptist and the Miracles of our Blessed Saviour As also those mentioned by Josephus relating to the Destruction of Jerusalem e.g. in the Feast of Weeks before Vespasian came against Jerusalem the Priests heard a Man walking in the Temple and saying with a wonderful Terrible Voice Come let us go away out of this Temple let us make haste away from hence c. Josephus Roman The Image of a Virgin with a Child in her Arms about the Sun seen at Rome Three Suns seen Augustus forbidding himself to be called Lord his releasing 30000 fugitive Slaves a Comet a Fountain of Oyl running all day Oracles silenced Alsted Christian 1. The Miracles done by the Apostles and Primitive Christians c. which continued in the Church for two or three hundred years after our Saviour amongst the last Recorded this is one mentioned by S. Augustine at the Aque Tibilitanae Projectus the Bishop bringing the Remains of the Martyr Stephen in a vast Multitude of People a Blind Woman desiring to be brought to the Bishop and some Flowers which she brought being laid on those Relicks and after applied to her Eyes to the wonder of all she received Sight As also when the Bodies of S. Gervasius and Protasius were dug up and Translated to Ambrose's Church at Milan not only such as were vexed with unclean Spirits were healed but also a certain noted Citizen that had been blind many years enquiring into the Reason of so much Tumult and Rejoycing among the People and being told the Cause leaped for joy
among the Jews is evident from the example of David who us'd it in the Divine Worship being girded with a Linen Ephod and dancing before the Ark. 2 Sam. 6.14 Christians Christians must not go to Weddings and balare vel saltare bleat or dance but sup or dine chastly as becomes Christians Conc. Laod. c. 52. habit A. C. 364. The Universal Council of Constantinople c. forbid Dancing especially at Weddings Alsted Concilia Choreas damnant ut Basiliense Câ—rthaginense quartum Agathense c. Docreta prohibent lege institutum Zachariae caus 26. q. 7. can Siquis c. De Conciliis lege distinct 34. can Presbyteri de consecratione dist 1. can Qui die do Cons dist 5. can Non Oportet Steph. Tzeged Loc. commun p. 438. who quotes also S. Augustine contra Petilianum c. 6. in Psal 32. and S. Chrystom Hom. 56. sup Genes and in Matth. 14. c. Marlorat in Matth. c. 14. Calvin in Matth. 14. c. In another Table Tzegedine cites against Dancing the Councils of Laodic Agath Ilerdian Altisiodore Besides Canons de quibus caus 26. q. 7. can Siquis Also lib. 3. Decr. Gregorii can Cum decorem c. Libr. 3. Clementinarum Tit. 14. c. 1. as also Philosophers Plato in Protagor l. 17. Cicero pro Murenâ Aemilii Probi in vit Epaminondae and in another Table Pet. Martyr Erasmus Pellican Calvin Aristotle Seneca Macrobius Sallustius Plautus Pollux c. Pope Clement the 5. Innocent the 3. c. Waldenses or Vaudois The ancient Vaudois made mixt Dancing to be a Breach of all the Ten Commandments Papists Cardinal Bellarmine inveighs very bitterly against it and cites the Authorities both of Greek and Latin Fathers as on his side Conc. 6.3.19 20 21. Angel de Clavasio is full upon the point Quem vide p. 55. where here he makes common-Dancing to be a mortal Sin The Titular Bishop of Geneva S. Fr. Sales is very biting but at last concludes that they are like Mushrooms the best are bad and dangerous at least nothing worth Sale 's Introd Protestants Dr. Tully speaking of pulick Dances and Stage-Plays adviseth every Christian to forbear them till such time as they are purged by some happy hand from their Faults and Corruptions Enchir. c. 18. Before I came into Hungary I abserved no Shadow or Shew of the Old Pyrrhical Saltation or Warlike way of Dancing which the Heydukes practise in this Country They dance with naked Swords in their Hands advancing brandishing and clashing the same turning winding and elevating and depressing their Bodies with strong and active motions singing withal unto their measures after the manner of the Greeks Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 10. Mahometans That the Mahometans use Dancing even in their Religious Worship is observed in this Book afterwards under the Title of Saints Ancient Heathens The same is observed of them likewise in the former part of this Book so likewise of the Modern Heathens Ancient Christians Sometimes they had Dances in their Churches and Chapels of the Martyrs Theodor. l. 3. c. 22. Modern Christians By way of Appendix Cardinal Borromeus saith when he was a young Man at the University he and his Companions prevailed with one of their Professors a grave and prudent young Man to go with them to a Ball who having observed c told them It was an invention of the Devil to destroy Souls Author of the Educ of young Gentlemen Nothing doth more dissipate the Spirits than the ravishing harmony dancing and charms of Ladies M. de Rhodez Dancing and Cards are conniv'd at in Strangers not permitted to the Citizens of Geneva themselves Anonym The Abissines in their Festival Solemnities use Musick and Dancing and some of the Latin Church celebrate Corpus christi-Christi-day with a Harp and Dancing See concerning the Feasts of the Greek Church in the former part of this Book Modern Heathens 'T is common with the Idolaters of several Nations to celebrate their Festivals with Dances c. as with the Mexicans Games Christians TVrnaments in Germany were first used at Magdeburg A. 635. by the Emperor Henry Sir-named the Fowler who coming from the War of Hungary exceedingly satisfied with the Nobility would oblige them to exercise themselves in handling their Arms and managing their Horses and therefore instituted these Sports No new Nobility none Guilty of High-Treason no Oppressor of Widows and Orphans none Born of Parents whereof one was of base Extraction no Heretick Murderer Traitor no Coward that had run away from the Battel nor indiscreet Person that had given offence to Ladies by word or deed were admitted to this Honour nor above one of the same Family at a time Princes came into the Lists with four Squires apiece Counts and Barons with three a Knight with two a Gentleman with one At the Hour and Place appointed he that had a desire to break a Lance came to the President 's Lodgings to have his Name written down which was done in the presence of three Heralds to whom the Champion delivered his Helmet and Sword and after he had been at Confession presented himself in the Lists with one or more Squires c. The Horses were to be without fault So also the Caparisons and Furniture such as gave no Offence Their Saddles equal c. And after the Justs were ended every Man repaired to the President of his Nation to wait for the Sentence of the Judges And he that deserved the Prize received it either from the hand of some Lady or from the Prince that gave it These Pastimes were afterwards disused either for the Emulation they begot between Princes and Nobles or by reason of Wars or perhaps because many brave Men lost their Lives in these Encounters as Henry 2d King of France and at Darmstadt A. 1403. at the 23d Turnament that was held in Germay the Gentlemen of Franconia and those of Hesse drew so much Blood one upon another that there remained dead upon the place 17. of the former and 9 of the latter Dr. Brown 's Travels p. 175. Ancient Greeks and Romans Concerning the Olympick Games of Greece at which they met from all Parts of the Countrey and the Pastimes of Rome take this short Scheme and for further Information See Godwine 's Antiqu. and Galtruchus 's History of the Heathen Gods with Mar. D'Assigny 's Notes Plays were 1 Publick 1. To oblige the People As 1. Gymnic Fights 2. Horse-Races 3. Chariot-Races 4. The Butchery of Gladiators 5. The Naumachias or fight of Ships 6. Hunting of Bleasts 2. In honour of the Gods As 1. The Olympic Games 2. The Pythian 3. The Isthmian 4. The Nemaean 5. The Gymnic may be here added also Here also may be considered all those which are taken notice of in the former part of this Book As Ludi Megalenses Ludi Apollinares Cereales Capitolini Seculares Taurii Florales Votivi c. 2. Private As Latrunculi the Play at Chesse Tali and Tessarae Dice Pila
Survey of Christendom and try what they can to comprize within their Creed and Litany and Charitable Communications and Communion all the Subdivisions of the Greek Church and do what in them lies to enlarge the pale and promote the Gospel amongst Jews and Mahometans and Pagans and accomplish the Number of that Holy and Blessed Society that our Saviour Jesus is making provision for in the other World and then Come Lord Jesus Come quickly But especially that they would hasten to Unite among themselves and to that end lay aside their deep Prejudices and Passions and ambitious Emulations to make room for the reception and entertainment of the Gospel of Peace and not suffer those opprobrious Distinctions of Sects and â—chisms which have been now a long time despitefully hit in our Teeth any longer to feed upon Christianity in the Substance It will not surely be very long but the Trumpet will Sound and the World ring of our Master's Coming methinks some of the bright Rays of his Last Advent are darted into our Hemisphere already the World begins to shake and stagger with a variety of Commotions in several material parts of it but how unready are we to meet him when he Appears Reader You will pardon me if you find that I have not in every common place kept close and regular to my Primitive Design and Intention Sometimes my Information fail'd me sometimes my Memory and sometimes my Care and Leisure and to confessing enuously in some cases I could not perswade my self to account the Pagan Superstitions worthy a solid and industrious Remark there is so much Chaos and ridiculous Intermixtures and Nonsense that I thought it would rather Affront than Oblige an Ingenious Reader to present him with much such unprofitable Stuff But I have not willingly passed over any thing without Observation which I thought might serve to any good purpose either of â—â—easure or Profit And let no body object to me the uselesness or easiness of writing Collections 't is much more difficult than Spinning out our own Notions upon the slock of our meer Natural Reason or Mother-Wit but and if this Argument satisfy not I will offer a very fair Proposal to my Adversarys let them candidly pardon me for doing no worse or shew publickly to the World that themselves can do better by either of which ways they shall oblige me but in doing neither they will hardly escape the guilt of becoming obnoxious themselves To conclude I value not the Opinions of those Men whose either Intellectuals are faulty or Minds corrupted and yet which is the mischief and misery of it there is ever and every where the greatest plenty of these I dread only the Censure of Wise and Good Men but yet there are so few of them that I think upon that score also I am pretty safe and the more because they are Men of the greatest Candour and Ingenuity the slowest to pronounce a Censure the easiest to excuse and the readiest to forgive Into the hands of these men I willingly commit my self in the company of these men I am most delighted I wish my Readers may be all such either Antecedently or Consequently which is the hearty desire and prayer of the unworthy Author Your Christian Friend And Humble Servant W. T. Postscript SInce I first engaged in this little Work I made use of one Notion which my Observations in it furnish'd me with as an Argument to Attack the Anabaptists with viz. The general Consent and almost Universal Practice not only of all Christendom but all the World Jews Gentiles Mahometans Christians of all Sects Protestants Papists Greeks Armenians Muscovites Mengrelians Indians of S. Thomas Abissines c. in using time out if mind for hundreds of years in places distant thousands of Miles some solemn initiating Ceremony at the first Admission of Children not yet Adult into the Society and Communion of their Religion I first objected this to several private Members of the Anabaptists Congregation every one of which confessed ingenuously they could not Answer it but referr'd it to one of their Teachers about 20 Miles distance from me To whom at last I wrote very plainly and briefly desiring in humble Terms a Solution of the Argument if it were possible His Answer which was prolix enough was yet very unsatisfactory he offered no reason to solve the Difficulty tho I had urged it with some briskness and backed it with the Authority of Vincentius Lirinensis Quod semper quod ab omnibus quod ubique c. But told me that many other usages were as Universal as that which I would not yet allow to be derived from any Divine Institution to which I Answered in short That if he would name but one and prove it I would retract my Opinion This I wrote and sent to him and have frequently called upon his friends for an answer but have not received one Line from him to this day and tho he hath since that time passed by very near my House yet he did not so much as call upon me This in short by way of Advertisment to shew the usefulness of this Book An INDEX Note That under Each of the following Heads is inserted in distinct Paragraphs the TENENTS of every Religion PART I. 1. OBject of Divine Worship Page 1 2. Places of Divine Worship Page 6 3. Respect to the places Page 12 4. Dedication of the places Page 16 5. Priests and Church-Officers Page 19 6. Qualiflcation of Ch. Officers Page 29 7. Ordination of Ch. Officers Page 33 8. Sacred Vestments Page 37 9. Holiness of Church-Officers Page 42 10. Maintenance and Privileges of Ch. Officers Page 47 11. Persons making up the body of the Assembly Page 52 12. Times of publick Worship Page 56 to 100 1. Weekly or Monthly 2. Vncertain and unfix'd contingent 3. Annual or Yearly 1. In March 2. In April 3. In May 4. In June 5. In July 6. In August 7. In September 8. In October 9. In November 10. In December 11. In January 12. In February 4. More than Annual 13. Peoples Reverence in Divine Service Page 100 14. Rule of Worship Page 103 15. Parts and Order of Divine Worship in general Page 111 to 131 1. Secret and Private 2. Publick 16. Particular parts of Divine Worship Page 131 1. Prayer Page 131 2. Praises Psalms c. Page 136 3. Sacrifices Page 141 4. Washings Purifications Page 146 5. Teaching Instruction Page 150 6. Sacraments Vows Page 154 7. Fasting Mortification Page 163 8. Feasting page 168 17. Church-Discipline Excommunication Page 171 18. Marriage Divorce Page 176 19. Funerals Page 181 20. Courts Ecclesiastical Page 187 21. Sects and Schisms Page 192 to 196 1. In general 2. In particular 22. Jewish 1. Sadduces Page 196 2. Pharisees Page 199 3. Samaritans Page 203 23. Christian 1. Eastern Greeks Page 207 Muscovites Page 210 225 Melchites c. Page 243 2. Western Papists Page 254 Protestants c. Page 273 24. Mahometan 1. Turks c.
in aliud opus destinato Hence their Encaenia solemn Feasts at their Devoting of their Temples to the Worship of some Idol God Modern Heathen I confess I have not yet met with any thing in my reading to fill up this Section but am willing to leave a void space for the Reader to fill up at his leisure for his own Use for I cannot be induced to think but they generally use some Ceremony for this purpose tho perhaps our Travellers finding the Structures erected and peradventure long before their Arrival into the Countries might see nothing of it nor make enquiry about it Diabolical Delrius tells us out of a French Book of Florimund Raimunds a Senator of the King 's in the Court of Burdeaux that an old Woman Tried in that Court A. 1594. for Witch-craft confessed of her own accord That being a Girl she was enticed by an Italian Man on the Eve of S. John Baptist at Midnight to go with him into a certain Feild where the Italian mark'd out a Circle on the ground with a Beech Wand and muttered certain words over which he read out of a black Book and presently upon it a great black Goat stood by them with great Horns attended with two Females and by and by a Man came in Priests Habit c. Mag. Disq l. 6. 5. Priests and Church Officers their Distinction and Office Jewish 1. The High Priest whose Office was 1. Peculiar to himself as to enter into the Holy of Holies once a year upon the Propitiation day 2. Common with other Priests He had his Suffragan or Sagan 2. Inferior Priests whose Office was 1. To burn Incense and Offer Sacrifice 2. To sound the Trumpets for War and Assemblies 3. To slay the Sacrifices 4. To instruct the People 5. To Judg of the Leprosy David divided the Company of Priests into 24 Orders who were to serve in their turns by lot 1 Chro. 24. the chief of every Rank was called Summus Sacerdos 3. Levites in David's time divided 1. Into Treasurers some Gershonites 2. Judges and Overseers some Cohathites 3. Porters some Merarites 4. Singers In Moses time they bore the Tabernacle and Vessels c. 4. Prophets 1. Extraordinary Seers 2. Ordinary Expositors of the Law which no later times were 1. Wise men Pharisees wise above the Text of the Law taught Traditions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Scribes not the Writing-Masters but Doctors of the Law who were to Write Read and Expound the Law of Moses 3. Disputers who taught Allegories and the Mystical Senses of the Text call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Darshanim and their Homily Midrasch Note the First-born of all the Tribes were to manage Religious Affairs 'till the Levites were chosen in their room Exod. 13.2.15 Christian I. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecrated to the more proper and immediate acts of Worship These were I. Bishops usually chosen out of the Presbyters distinct from and Superiour to Presbyters as Blondid and Salmasius confess about the latter end of the Second Century Consider 1. Their Office viz. To Teach and Instruct the People to administer the Sacraments Excommunicate Absolve to preside in the Assemblies of the Clergy to ordain inferiour Officers to call them to Account to Suspend c. to urge the observance of Ecclesiastical Laws to appoint indifferent Rites to inspect and provide for those of their Charge 2. Order 1. Chorepiscopi Suffragan or County Bishops Vicarii Episcopi where the Diocess was large in imitation of the Seventy Disciples for so many they were at first 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Visitors Rural Presbyters who were to go up and down the Countrey to correct what was amiss 3. Arch-Bishops Metropolitans in every great City who were to Ordain or to Ratifie Elections of Bishops once a Year to Summon the Bishops under them to a Synod to enquire direct admonish suspend determine c. 4. Metropolitans Honorary or Titular without any real power yet taking place of other Bishops 5. Patriarchs Primates 2. Presbyters who were to Preach Baptize Consecrate the Eucharist assist the Bishop in publick Administrations These were 1. Clerici Superioris loci Antistites in ordine secunde Presbytens of every great City who were a kind of Ecclesiastical Senate Counsellors and Assistants to the Bishops in their Government and had Seats of Eminency in the Churches next the Bishop's Throne 2. Ordinary Presbyters N. B. They did not usually exercise the Power conferred by Ordination upon them in any Diocess without leave from the Bishop 3. Deacons who were to attend at the Lord's Table where the People met every Lord's Day to offer for the Poor Hence they have used to deliver the Sacramental Elements to the People also to Preach and Baptize Assistants to the Priest as he to the Bishop the number in any one place not above Seven 1. Arch-Deacon the Eye of the Bishop chosen out of the Deacons to inspect all parts of the Diocess 2. Sub-Deacon who assisted the Deacons waited at the Church Doors usher'd in and brought out the several Orders Catechumens c. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vid. Pag. 25. Mahometan 1. Musti i. e. Interpreter of the Alcoran who is as High-Priest attending only Matters of Faith and Religion He is Head of the Church and decides all Questions in their Law 2. Cadilesquiri Talismani i. e. Doctors of the Law resident at C. P. or where the Prince pleaseth These are as it were Patriarchs They examine the Cadis of divers Provinces These also call the People to Prayers among the Turks 3. Mulli qu. Bishops who place and displace Church-men at pleasure 4. Nuderisi qu. Suffragans who are to inspect the Cadis 5. Cadis Judges to punish Offenders there is one in every City 6. Naipi Young Judges or Candidates for the Office 7. Hogi who write Books and teach Sciences 8. Calfi who read unto them that Write 9. Sosti Young Students or Novices in the Law Some add Sophi Singers of Psalms c. Ancient Heathen 1. Pontifex Maximus the highest of the Chief Priests who was to appoint the Ceremonies belonging to the Worship of the Gods 2. Flamen or High Priest who was named according to the Gods whom they served as Hamen Martialis Hamen Dialis Humen Quirinalis c. 3. Priests 1. Of Cybele Curetes Corybantes Galli 2. Of Ceres and Bacchus Fratres Arvales who offered Sacrifices Ambarvales Hostias and Judged about the bounds of Fields 3. Of Mars Salii who were to keep the Ancile 4. Of Pan Lupercales c. 5. Of Jupiter Druids in use amongst the Gauls Curiones were Parish-Priests or Curates Two for a Curia Fifty Curiae in Rome over these was Curio Maximus 4. Priestesses of Vesta Vestal Virgins Six or Four in number who were to attend the Sacrifices of Ops or Bona Dea and to keep a Fire continually burning for the safety of the Empire as God hath set Stars in the Firmament for the good of the World Modern Heathen 1. The
Book of the Law put his Statue in the Temple Cessat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Scaliger This Fast of Moses's breaking the two Tables the loss of their daily Sacrifice Setting up Idolatry in the Temple The second Siege of the City on the 17th of Thamuz our June lasts till the 10th of Ab and is kept with a strict Idleness Dr. Addison See more on the fifth day of Ab. They avoid all great Business on these days and School-masters will not beat their Scholars Rosse Ancient Christian Because the Ancient Christians observed so few Holy-days rather than leave this Section quite vacant I shall set down some Remarks and Censures of Eminent Persons made upon the Abuses of Festivals in these latter Ages The Sixth General Council of Constantinople ordained That the whole Week after the Day of our Saviour's Resurrection should be thus Celebrated Christians must go constantly to Church rejoycing in CHRIST with Psalms and Hymns and Spiritual Songs and give their minds to the reading of Divine Scriptures and chearfully enjoy the Holy Mysteries For so saith the Canon we shall rejoyce and rise together with CHRIST But by no means let there be any Horse-Races or Publick Shews on the aforesaid days Conc. Con. 6. Gen. Can. 66. Card. Bellarmine in one of his Sermons delivers himself to this purpose I cannot verily good Hearers explain by Words with how great grief of mind I behold in how perverse and diabolical manner Holy-days are celebrated in this our Age how far perverse Men have obscured and defiled their Picus Institution with their corrupt manners may be understood by this That to Strangers and those who are ignorant what manner of Festivals these are from those things which they may see every where done they may seem to be not the Feasts of God but of the Devil and even the Bacchenalian Revels themselves Yea verily when I Pray are more Sins committed than on Holy-days When are there more Sumptuous Feasts kept When more Lascivious Songs heard When Bowling-Allies and Taverns more frequented When are there more execrable kinds of Plays Scurrilities and Fooleries When are there more Dances in most places to the Sound of the Harp and Lute than on these Days Mahometan Persian-Harizon 30 Days On the Feast of St. John Baptist in Fez they make Bone-fires Rosse July 16. A. C. 622. was the time of Mahomet's Flight and the Hagyra or Epoche of the Mahometans Ancient Heathen Jun. 20. Summani Sact. ad Circ max. 25. Crowned Ships carried Banquets over Tyber Jul. 1. Migrationes ex adibus in alienns aedes Jul. 9. Ancillarum festum Jul. 11. Ludi Apollinares 5. In Ali July and August Jewish 1. A Fast Aaron the High-Priest died Scaliger 5. On the fifth of Ab the Jews sit on the ground read Jeremiah's Lamentations bewail the loss of Jerusalem and for ten days live severely abstaining from all Delights Dr. Addison Ninth day of the fifth Month was a Fast held in respect of the City and Temple burnt first by Nebuchadnezzar secondly by Titus on the same day which the Jews do yet observe with a strict Penance going bare-foot sitting naked on the ground reading some sad History of the Bible and the Lamentations of Jeremiah three times over Sam. Purchas Also it was decreed That the Fathers should not enter into the Land of Judea The same Author out of Scaliger From the first to the tenth Day they abstain from Flesh Wine Shaving Bathing Marrying Pleading and all Delights Ross 18. A Fast The Evening Light was put out in the Days of Ahaz Scal. Ancient Christian The same Cardinal in the procedure of his Discourse goes on Who knows not that Holy-days are after the same manner as Churches Chalices and Priest's Garments Consecrated and Dedicated to GOD and to be spent in no other than Holy Works Which of you if you should see any one enter into the Church with incredible boldness and use the Consecrated Garments instead of Prophane the Temple for a Tavern the Altar for a Table the Corporals or Altar-Clothes for a Table-Cloth or Napkins eating in the Sacred Patines and drinking in the Chailces which of us would not tremble Who would not cry out And now we behold the most Solemn the most Famous the most Sacred Holy-days which should be spent in Prayers Meditations reading holy Things in Hymns and Psalms c. to be prophaned with Sacrilegious Dances Morises Caperings Feastings Drinking Matches Uncleanness Scurrilities and yet no Body trembles no Man is moved no Man wonders O Immortal GOD What part hath Righteousness with Unrighteousness What Fellowship hath Light with Darkness GOD with Belial What hath the merriment of the Flesh to do with the gladness of the Spirit What the Solemnities of GOD with the Feasts of Bacchus and his Crew What! Those Days wherein we ought to please GOD most shall we on them more provoke Him to anger with our wickedness On those days in which the Spirit is to be fed and recreated shall we in them more overwhelm him with Wine and Uncleanness c. What a madness is this What infernal Furies affright us out of our wits Bellarm. Conc. 6.3.19 Mahometan Persian Temouze Thirty one Days Zoulidge 10. Bairam Adgi or little Easter for the Pilgrims of Mecha Ancient Heathen Jul. 25. In this Month red Dogs were Sacrificed to the Canicula Jul. 28. Neptunalia Aug. 1. Boedromia Aug. 13. Dianae Sacr. The Servants Men and Maids Holiday In Elul August September Jewish 17. A Fast The Spies that brought an ill Report upon the Land died 22. Xylophoria On this Day it was the custom for every one to carry Wood to the Temple to maintain the Fire at the Altar Purchas out of Josephus de Bell. Jud. l. 2. c. 17. Ancient Christian Sept. 1. The Muscovites celebrate the first Day of their New-Year deriving their Epoche from the Creation of the World which they believe to be in Autumn accounting it to the Year 1692. of CHRIST 7200. Years from the Creation according to the Opinion of the Greek and Eastern Church Voyages and Trav. of the D. of Holst Amb. p. 14. Their Procession on this Day consisted of above 20000 Persons viz. the Patriarch 400 Priests all in pontifical Habit carrying many Banners Images and old Books open coming out of one Church and the Great Duke his Chancellors Knez and Bojares out of another place The Patriarch with a Mitre on his head and a golden Cross in his hand beset with Diamonds gives it the Great Duke to kiss which done the Patriarch Blesses him and all the People wishing them all Prosperity in the New Year Idem Sep. 8. The Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Mother of GOD kept by the Muscovites Sept. 6. The Manifestation of CHRIST on the Mount Sept. 13. The Assumption of the Mother of GOD. Both Feasts of the Muscovites Mahometan Persian Ab. Thirty One Days Maharrim the first day which my Author makes to answer to July 15th is Aaschoor or the Feast
wine c. Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 152. Mahometan Persian Ranon el-avel 31 days On Christmas-Eve in Fez they eat Sallads of green Herbs Rosse Turkish-Dgiamazil ewel 30 days Ancient Heathen Dec. 17. Saturnalia proper to men lasting 3 days To which were added Sigillaria to make up 7 days At this Festival they had Feasts Dancing filthy Sonsg New-years-gifts Strenas The Heads of Slaves were covered with a Pileus as a Symbol of Liberty and attended by their Masters Dec. 19. Opalia Saturnalia The Druids at the End of the Year Offered Oke-branches to Jupiter crying Come to the Oke-branches the New Year Dec. 21. Angeronalia Angeronae Deae Macrob. Herculi Cereri de Mulso Idem 22. Feriae Laribus dicatae Compitalia Ludi Laribus 23. Feriae Jovis Larentinalia Plut. Var. Ovid. 24. Juvenalis dies Octavus Saturn additus Suet. unde Juvenales ludi Jan. 1. Jani Junonis Gamelia Junoni 8. Sacrificium Jani 9. Agonalia 11. Carmentalia a Feast dedicated to Evander's Mother Solemnized with the recital of Prophetic Verses 12. Compitalia Solemnized in Streets and High-ways where the Heads of Poppies and Onions were Offered up to the Lares instead of Infants which had been Offered before till prohibited by Junius Brutus Modern Heathen The Saxons called December Giuli from the Conversion of the Sun and encrease of the Days from Giul a Wheel in Gothic And in the old Runic Fasti their Feast was signified by a wheel which lasted 12 days whereon they Feasted and sent Presents one to another and offered Sacrifice to the Sun to express their Joy for the Return of the Sun Dr. Stillingfleet 11. In Sebat January February Jewish 5. A Fast The Elders dye that were the Equals of Joshua the Son of Nun. Scal. 23. A Fast All the Israelites gathered together against Benjamin because of the Harlot and Idol of Micha Scal. Ancient Christian Sr. Matthew Hale had for many years a particular Devotion for Christmas day and after he had received the Sacrament and been in the performance of the publick worship of that day he commonly wrote a Copy of verses on the honour of his Saviour as a fit expression of the joy he felt in his Soul at the return of that glorious Anniversary There are seventeen of those Copies printed which he writ on several Christmas days Dr. Burnet in his life Feb. 1. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr A Popish Festival Feb. 2. Stratenia Gospoda Boga Candlemas-Day a Feast of the Muscovites Papists Protestants c. With the Papists upon this day is a Procession in memory of that procession which Joseph and Mary made to the Temple This Feast was instituted in the time of Justinian upon a great mortality which then happen'd and Candles this day are carried with great solemnity to shew that our light should shine before men that Christ who was this day presented in the Temple is the true light of the world and that like wise Virgins whereof Mary was the chief we should have our lamps ready Feb. 10. William Confessor Mahometan Persian Kanon elsahi 31. Feb. Turkish Dgiamazil ahhir 29 Days Ancient Heathen Jan. 13. Tibicines habitu muliebri Vrbemlustrabant Plut. Jan. 15. Carmentalia relata et Porrime et Postverte Jan. 24. Circa hoo tempus Sementinae Feriae non state quidem sed indictae 29. Equiria in Campo Martio 31. Sacra deis Penat qui Patrii et Vrbani dicti sunt Feb. 1. Lucaria Elaphobolia Diane sacra a cervis dicta Feb. 13. Fauni festum et Jovis 15. Lupercalia the solemnities of Pan wherein 1. A dog and two goats were offered 2. Two Noblemen's Sons were to have their foreheads dipped in milk and dried up with wool 3. The youths must laugh and cutting thongs out of the goat-skins must run naked through the streets their privities only covered and strike all they meet especially young wives to help concepcion and safe Travel 12. In Adar Febuary March Jewish 7. A Fast Moses our master died who rests in peace Scal. 9. A Fast The School of Sammai and the School of Hillel began to contend amongst themselves Idem 13. A Festival Nicanor is slain Scal. Adar 14 and 15. Purim or the Feast of Lots Esth 9.21 Instituted by Mordecai in remembrance of the Jews deliverance from Haman before whom lots were cast daily for destruction of them On these two days they read the book of Hesther and at the mention of Haman beat with fists and hammers upon the benches and boards Otherwise they spend the time in Bacchanal riots and excess for as Dr. Addison tells us they have a rule that at this time they should drink till they cannot distinguish between Cursed be Haman and Blessed be Mordecai which are expressions in the service of the day Ancient Christian Mar. 1. S. David's Feast is celebrated especially by the Inhabitants of Wales whose Tutelar Saint he is reputed to be and accordingly is put in the Popish Kalendar Mar. 7. Tho. Aquinas a St. of the Roman Catholics Mar. 12. S. Gregory the Great Pa. Rom. Mar. 17. S. Patric Bishop celebrated in the Popish Church Mahometans Persian Chaabat 28. or 29. 4th Day of this Moon they have prayers in their Mosches till mid-night and then return home and feast This Festival is because of the Lent which comes two months after Turkish Redgeb ai 30. d. Mar. 1. Called by the Persians Scheual the Persians solemnize a feast which they call Chummehater in memory of Haly's taking possession of the estate of his Cousin and Father in-law Mahomet Mar. 3. Another called Tzar Schembesur i. e. the 4th sad Sabbath because say the Persians 't is an unlucky day on this day they shut their shops work not put away no money lest they should do nothing else all the year after swear not nor make any debauches Ancient Heathens Feb. 18. Quirinaliorum Stultorum Feriae Fornacalia indicta deae Fornacali Sacra Feralia diis Manibus 19. Deae Mutae 20. Charistia i. e. Sacra Cognatorum when Relations met and bestowed gifts mutually 21. Terminalia 27. Equiria in Campo Mart. Mar. 1. Matronalia or the Womens Saturnals foemineae Calendae The day on which anciently the Sabine Dames decided the Battle between their parents and husbands On this day the more dainty women sat at home in great chairs richly adorned receiving gifts c. In Romulus's time the year began on Mar. 1. 14. Equiria altera apud Tyberim vel si aquis increverit in Caelio Monte. Annae Perennae Parricidium viz. Jul. Caesaris Modern Heathens Houly a Feast at full Moon in February kept in the E. Indies in Caboul with great devotion the Pagods filled with people who come to pray and make their oblations there cloathed in red visiting their friends in Masquerade dancing by companies in the streets to the sound of Trumpets those of the same tribe eat together and at night make bonefires ended with a child shooting arrows to the figure of a Giant to
a Whore The Saying of R. Ase Ancient Christian The Christians in Aegypt continued all the six days in Devotion so earnestly that they forgot to take their Food from Morning 'till Night Sozom. l. 6. c 18. ex Phil. Jud. The People of Edessa would not be terrified from their often Meetings through the fear of Death threatned to them Ruffin l. 2. c. 5. 1. At rising they met together and betook themselves to Prayer Chrysost Hom. 1. de Precat This was done by the Master of the House unless some Minister of Religion were present Certainly they read some portion of Scripture c. Dr. Cave They had set Hours for Prayer V. Cypr. Clem. Alex. de Orat. Dom. viz. the First Third and Sixth 2. About Noon before Dinner some part of the S. Scripture was read and the Meat being set on the Table a Blessing was solemnly begged of GOD. Dr. Cave Theodosius Junior Empèror would not taste any Meat or eat a Fig before he had first given Thanks and set it apart with the sign of the Cross Idem 3. When at Dinner they sung Hymns and Psalms a custom which Clem. Alex. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. p. 165. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. 4. Every time they took the Cup to drink they made the sign of the Cross and called upon Christ Nazianz. 5. Dinner ended they prayed Basil Ep. ad Greg. Tom. 3. p. 46. 6. Before going to bed they prayed again the whole family 7. At midnight they rose to pray and sing Hymns Clem. Alex. paed l. 2. c. 9. This was very ancient proceeding from their Nocturnal Assemblies in persecution Afterward left off as inconvenient yet it continues in Monasteries 8. Concerning Catechising vide alibi They read Scripture diligently prayed frequently and sung Psalms alone Vide Sub. Tit. particul Mahometan The Mahometans are obliged by their Religion to pray five times every day Most of them are careful to pray at least 3 times and in the Mogul's Countrey generally 5 times and they make a conscience of it from the Mogul himself upon the Throne to the poor Shepherd that attends upon his flock abroad But they endeavour commonly to say their Prayers in Church and if not there they do it in their houses or fields Ancient Heathen In every family there were so many little statues of Wood c. placed about their Lares as were Sons in the House and when any one was out of his childhood at 16 he hang'd the Bulla which he then left off about the Neck of the child's statue Servants also had statues of Wool or Hay The Romans had Laâ—es or Houshold Gods and Faci or Chimneys for them and the ordinary people observed the Ludi Compitalitii Plays and Dances in the streets in honour of them The Romans gave their Tables great Reverence accounting them sacred by laying on of the Salt-sellers and the Images of the Gods Arnob. 2. adv Gent. p. 87. The Druids procure publick and private Sacrifices Caes de Bell. Gal. Alexander Severus had in his private Chappel the Image of Jesus Christ amongst other Deities and Heroes to whom he paid adoration every morning particularly for that Precept Quod tibi non viâ— sieâ—i alteri ne feceris Modern Heathen The Chingulaes in Ceilon besides their publick Temples have private Chappels little Houses like Closets in their Yards not above 2 or 3 foot big sometimes but built upon a Pillar 2 or 3 foot from the ground wherein they place certain Images of the Buddou or Saviour God that they may have him near them and do testifie their Love and Service to him by lighting up Candles and Lamps in his House and laying flowers every morning before him Capt. Knox Relat. of Ceil In Guinea and the East Indies they daub with a kind of Chalky Earth for their Morning Devotions View of the Engl. Acq. in Guinea c. The Tunquinese adore 3 things in their Houses the Hearth of their Chimney made of 3 stones an Idol called Tiensa Patroness of Handicrafts and Buabin which they implore when they I go to build an House Tavernier Diabolical 1. Acts of Unbelief Distrust Despair Dishonour to God c. 2. Injustice Uncharimbleness Wrath Evil Speech Adultery Uncleanness Lying profane Swearing Cursing Covetousness Pride Discontent Curiosity c. 3. Idleness Intemperance Gluttony Drunlaenness And in a word all neglect and remissness in governing the Heart and Tongue and Actions in subduing the Lusts and Passâ—â—ns Yet in the Indies they use certain Ceremonies and Sacrifices as do also Magicians Spells and Invocations c. 19. Ecclesiastical Worship Jewish 1. THey sounded the Trumpers every morning at the opening of the Court-Gates particularly of the Gate of Nicanor to call the Levites and Stationary Men to their Desks and Service and the people of Jerusalem to the Temple Also they rung the Great Bell Migrepha 2. They offered Sacrifice in the Temple-Service twice a day 3. They read the Law twice The Master of the Synagogue called out one of the Seven Readers appointed for the Service of the Synagogue Gave him a Book to read He read standing in honour of the Law 4. The expounded the Law and made Discourses to the people Teaching and Instruction was always performed fitting Dr. Lightfoot 5. They had Prayers 4 times a day 6. Stationary men were appointed by course to be always attending the Service of the Temple lest they should want a Congregation as Deputies of the people for the Daily Sacrifice was the Sacrifice of all Israel And therefore it being impossible that all Israel should be present these were chosen Representatives Christian 1. The Roman Service for 400 years thus out of stilling Orig. Brit. 1. The Epistle out of St. Paul only Walasrid and the Pontifical Book Strabo 2. The Gospel 3. The Sacrifice In Celestine's Time 1. The Epistle 2. The Gospels 3. The Psalms or Antiphonae made out of them the whole Choir singing each Verse alternatim Walaf Strabo Microlog 4. Responsoria or proper Hymns Anthems i. e. one singing and the whole Choir answering 5. The Sacrifice No Creed No Sermon till Leo's Time 2. The Gallican Service Ibid. Morning 1. Lessons 2. Hymns 3. Psalms of St. Hierom's Translation with Gloria Patri at the end in Latin 4. Between the Psalms 1. The Deacon did silentium indicere 2. The people privately on their knees fell to their private Devotions 5. A concluding Collect Collecta Oratia the Lord's Prayer commonly 1. The Creed appointed by the 3 Council of Toledo 2. Prophetical Lessons Three Books being laid on the Altar viz. of the Prophets Epistles and Gospels Greg. Turon 3. The Sermon immediately after the Gospel 4. The Sacrifice in which Service were 1. Confession of sins Apdogia a particular Enumeration of sins Suscipe confessionem meam Domine 2. Prefaces and Collects Contestatio
to suck them in the Poll or elsewhere to suck their Blood once in 24 hours 10. The Devil promising to them to live gallantly having pleasure of the World for so many years that they shall want nothing Clothes Victuals nor Money 11. Giving Six Pence and vanishing with the paper 12. At their solemn Meetings upon the way saying Thout Tout a Tout Throughout and about 13. After Meeting and due courtesy done and other service they have a cloth laid on the ground c. 14. Wine Cakes Rost-meat Drink c. 15. The Devil sits at the upper end of the Table 16. Useth some words before meat 17. Bidding the Guests welcome 18. Plays upon a Pipe or Cittern 19. The Name of God or Jesus not mention'd at their Meetings 20. Giving them power to bewitch persons either by 1. Baptizing a Picture of Wax c. The Devil saying I Baptize thee with this Oyl The Witches saying A Pox on thee Ill spite thee c. The Devil himself being Godfather Or 2. Giving an Apple Dish Spoon c. Or 3. By a Touch or Curse c. 21. Sometimes they have Carnal Copulation together at such Meetings 22. The Devil leaves an ugly smell at parting 23. They use such words as these at parting A Boy merry meâ—t merry part 24. As they return homewards Rentum Tormentum In short the Devil keeps to no order is no where constant to himself In Popish Countries can be Papist in Turky Mahometan and adapt himself to the Humour of his Disciples The Order of the Jewish Service in Barbary out of Dr. Addison Jewish 1. THey spend some time in the Meditation of the Divine Attributes 2. They repeat to themselves Numb 24.5 How goodly are thy Tents c. And Psal 26.8 O Lord I have loved the habitation of thine house c. 3. They lay the right hand on the heart and bowing their Bodies toward the Chest wherein the law is kept they begin the publick Service 1. With Psal 5.7 As for me I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercies c. 2. After the appointed course of the Psalms they have Two Lessons the first out of the Law the second out of the Prophets 3. They Pray 1. Standing 2. Girt 3. With the Head bowed 4. Their Face toward Jerusalem 5. Their hands on their heart 6. Uttering their Prayers in a sort of plain Song 7. Without Spitting or Belching c. 8. At Confession of Sins using Prostration and shewing a great sense of their own vileness 9. At pronopuncing of Holy Holy Holy Lord God c. they jump up three times Ancient Christian The Order of the Divine Service amongst the Primitive Christians out of Dr. Cave The manner various commonly thus 1. They began with Prayers probably v. Tertul Apol. c. 39. 2. Read the Scriptures The Quantum arbitrary The Apost Constitut appoint two Lessons S. Clemens Epistle to the Corinth Hermas's Pastor The Writings of S. Ephrem Read in some places after Holy Service 3. They sung Hymns and Psalms vid. post 4. The Presbyters and President of the Assembly preach'd and made Exhortations one after another 5. Prayers were made for Catechumens Penitents Possessed c. according to their respective Capacities the Persons in every rank departing as soon as the Prayer that particularly concerned them was done 1. The Catechumens departed 2. The Penitents The Deacons crying aloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Lat. Ite missa est 6. The Faithful only the Catechumens gone and the Doors shut proceeded to the Lord's Supper wherein they 1. Prayed for all states of Men c. 2. Gave the kiss of Charity 3. Prayed for the Consecration of the Eucharist 4. Received the Elements 5. Made their Offerings 7. They Admonished Censured Absolved c. 8. They concluded with a Blessing Afternoon Note They had publick Prayers and Sermon to the People in the Afternoon Chrysost Basil Augustine make sufficient evidence of it 9. The People stretched out their right-hand the left-hand being put under it Cyril 10. During the Administration they sung Psalms Psal 33. constit Apost and Hymns 11. Concluding with Prayer and Thanks-giving 12. Saluting each other with a Kiss of Peace Signacula Orationis Tertull. Ancient Heathen The Order of their Service out of other Authors D'Assigny c. 1. The Priest washes hands in pure Water 2. He leads the Sacrifice to the Altar 3. Before they offered to Jupiter they offered Praoedancae Hostia some preparatory things to the Daemones or Angels that they might intercede for them to the God 4. If these appeared unlucky they offered others succedancae Hostiae 5. The Priest offered a set Form of Prayer to Janus and Vesta 6. He mark'd the Beast with his Knife from head to tail and if he appeared unruly they let him go and took another 7. Laid upon his head and back the mola salsa mixt with Frankincense 8. Tasted a Cup of Wine 9. Caused the Assistants to do the like 10. Poured the remainder of the Wine between the Horns of the Beast 11. Took from that place a few Hairs called prima libamina and cast them into the Fire 12. Commanded an Officer to kill the Beast 13. The Assistants flead him lighted the Wood c. 14. The Sooth-sayer with a long Knife turned the Bowels up and down to observe them and tell his Judgment upon them for they might not touch them with their hands 15. The Priest cast some Frankincense in the Fire with some Wine 16. The Priest taking that part of every Member which the Officers had cut out into a Blatter called Lanx or Discus did litare i. e. cast them into the Flames to appease the God 17. While this was doing the Priest and the Person that gave the Victim did jointly make their Prayers to the God with their hands upon the Altar 18. Then they with the Assistants went to Feast upon the Remainder of the Sacrifice singing the Praises of their God 19. After the Banquet they returned to the Altar and cast into the Flames the Morsells of Meat that were left with the Tongue and some Wine 20. They returned Thanks to the God for the Honour of sharing with him in the Victim 21. At Rome they concluded with Prayers to Janus and Vesta the Tutelary Gods of the Empire N. B. At the beginning the Herald called to the People Favete linguis Afterwards to the Priest Age quod Agis Jewish Their Order of Service in Rome Venice Worms Mentz Frankfort c. at this day out of Mr. Rosse 1. THey wash and scrape their Shoes 2. They enter the Synagogue with great Reverence bowing towards the Ark. 3. Are tied to a set Form of Prayer by Book 4. The People answer Amen Though their Liturgy be in the old Hebrew which the People genearlly understand not 5. They utter divers brief Benedictions and after them some short Prayers 6. Instead of Sacrifices because banished from Jerusalem they read the Law concerning
world hate one another more than they do on the account of Religion they look on one another as Hereticks 1. The Persians hold that Aboubeker Omar and Osman were but so many Usurpers of Aly that Aly was the Lawful Successor of Mahomet and actually succeeded him that Aly was the first of the Twelve Imams whom they much honour and who succeeded one another of whom the last called Mahomet-Nekedy-Sahabzemon i. e. Mr. of the times was snatched out of the hands of those who would have killed him and translated as Enoch and Elias and that he will also come at the Day of Judgment to force the world to embrace the Faith of Mahomet that Jesus Christ shall be his Leutenant and that he will marry This is the great point of difference between the Turks and them M. de Thev 2. They have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an Interlineal Translation word for word for Turks and Persians both believe that that book cannot be explained in any other Language but Arabick 3. They think it enough to follow the commands of their Law and therefore call themselves Schiai tho the Persians sometime follow some of the Counsels Idem 4. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrasses not Towers viz. at Morn Noon and Sun-set and no oftener on Friday 5. The Schiai hold not their Hands on their Stomachs at Prayer but lay down a little gray stone before them which they always carry about them and every time they Prostrate lay their Fore-heads on that Stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the Second Son of Aly. was killed 6. Persians will not eat what a Christian hath touch'd nor suffer a Christian to come into their Coffee-houses or Bagnioes accounting them Megdis i. e. impure They break a Pot wherein a Christian hath Drunk They hate Turks no less but dare not tell them so M. de Thev 7. They will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Faith Eastern Christians Greeks Present State 1. THey are Poor 2. Ignorant 3. Oppressed by the Turk to whom they pay every Man 4 Lyon-Dollars i. e. 16 Shillings per Annum Brierwood saith Their Tribute is a fourth part of their Increase and a Sultany 7 s. 6 d. for every Poll and also they are obliged to speak no thing against Mahometanism Formerly their children were decimated and made Janizaries Order of the Patriarchs 1. Patriarch of C. P. 2. of Alexandria 3. of Antioch 4. of Jerusalem When they all meet they kiss each other's hand 1. The Patriarch of Alexandria is over Aegypt Aethiopia Arabia The Indies 2. The Patriarch of Jerusalem is over Palestine 3. The Patriarch of Antioch is over Cilicia Mesopotomia Syria Phoenicia Cyprus The Patriarch of Constantinople is over 73 several Churches according to Mr. Smith Heraclea Thessalonica Athens Lacedemonia Larissa Adrianople Tornobou Johanna Monenbasia Methynna Phanarion Patrus Proconesus And all confirmed by the Grand Seignior Georgians or Iberians 1. Most of them so ignorant they hardly know the Principles of their Religion 2. The Clergy much oppressed by the Nobles Bishops and Priests used as Servants by the Prince and Nobility The Prince's Will is their Law no Judges nor admission of Witnesses The Estates and Persons of the Subjects are at the disposal of the Prince c. The Prince of the Georgians in a Letter to Pope Vrban VIII 1629. saith The Faith hath been kept pure among them since Constantine the Great Also That he allowed a Chapel to the Missionaries of Rome that they might pray for him The Patriarch of Constantinople sends Kaloyrs often into Iberia to encourage them in their Enmity against the Pope F. Avitabolis in a Letter from Goris in Iberia or Georgia 1631. From whence my Author F. Simon hath the following Account c. Sir Tho. Herbert saith No fewer than 40000 of Georgians and Sarcashes inhabited about Spahawn and Schyraz but little better than Captives being forcibly ttansplanted thither Poor Souls saith he hearing that we were Christians they flocked about us and wept to see us Mengrelians 1. They are accounted by Galanus of the same Belief mostly with the Georgians only 2. They live on the Mountains and in the Woods and therefore 3. Are a wilder and wickeder sort of People than the Georgians 4. They inhabit Colchis or Mengrelia which is part of Armenia and therefore much difference is not to be expected between the Mengrelians and Armenians or Georgians Muscovites They agree mostly with the Greeks in Faith Rites and Ceremonies Every House hath its Saint pictured and hung up on the Wall with a little Wax-Candle before it which they light when they say their Prayers The Picture of the V. Mary and S. Nicholas their Patron are in great Veneration amongst them The sign of the Cross is the ordinary Preface to all their Civil Actions They have a Patriarch at Mosco Three Arch-Bishops at Rosthon Sudal and Grand Novograde Bishops at Wologda Resan Sudal T wer Toboleska Astracan Casan Plescou Columna c. All chosen out of the Body of their Monks They force no Man's Conscience hate the Papists Nestorians 1. They are a Sect of the Chaldeans or Syrians 2. They Reverence Nestorius as their Great Patriarch and Invocate him in their Prayers 3. Their present Patriarch to whom they are subject is called the Patriarch of Babylon who hath Jurisdiction over 300000 Families Pet. Stroza de dogm Chald. 1617. 4. Under Pope Julius III. they chose one Simon Jusacha Patriarch who resided at Caramit in Mesopotamia next Abdiesu Metropolitan of Saba who at Rome recanted some Books which he had writ in favour of Nestorianism He was at the Council of Trent Ahacballa a Monk of St. Pachome Denha Simon who left Caramit to reside in Zeinalbech in the uttermost bounds of Persia submitting to the Patriarch of Babylon Simon Elias who sent a flattering submissive Letter to Pope Paul V. upon his request wherein he represents the differences between the Nestorians and Romans only Ceremonial But since they have broken Faith c. Indians of St. Thomas 1. One Sect with the Nestorians 2. Subject to the same Patriarch whose Jurisdiction reacheth as far as India 3. The Chaldeans who live at Goa Cochim Angamala c. all Nestorians 4. The Pope of Rome hath sent many Emissaries to them much violence and many arts have been used especially by Alexis de Meneses made afterward Arch-Bishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East A College was set up at Cangranor 1546. for instructing children in the Ceremonies of the Latines another for the Chaldean Language c. In fine they became Subject to Rome and continue so to this day for ought I can learn Sabeans or Christians of St. John M. de Thevenot giveth account of them about Bassora in the East-Indies but saith They are more Gentiles than Christians One of them who turned Roman Catholick confessing They were partly Jews part Turks part Christians and part Gentiles
business without demanding a Reason 6. Oratorians founded by Ph. Nerio all priests who were to preach diligently the lives of the Saints and other heads of practical and moral Duties 7. Anchorets the severest of the Recluse kept in a close place are to dig their Graves with their Nails ill clad and worse dieted 22. Orders of Nuns Nonnae Moniales 1. Of S. Clare called also Minorites or Minores who vow Poverty and Virginity go barefoot feed meanly c. 2. Gf S. Briget who was Qu. of Swedeland These cohabit under the same Roof with Friers yet are prohibited coming to one another but upon spiritual occasions The Confessor shrieves them thro' an Iron Grate by which his Lodging is parted from the Lady Abbess's Dr. Heylin See more of these Religious Orders in Alex. Rosse as also of all the Christian Orders of Knight-hood for I love not Actum agere Dominicans Franciscans Dr. Burnet speaking of Beru saith Those two famous Orders that had possessed themselves of the esteem of those Dark Ages about 20 years before the Reformation were engaged in a mighty Rivalry The Dominicans were the more Learned they were the eminentest Preachers of those times and had the Conduct of the Courts of Inquisition and the other chief Offices in the Church in their hands But on the other hand the Franciscans had an outward appearance of more severity a ruder habit stricter Rules and greater Poverty all which gave them such advantages in the eyes of the simple multitude as were able to ballance the other honours of the Dominican Order In short the two Orders were engaged in an high Rivalry but the Devotion towards the Virgin being the prevailing Passion of those times the Franciscans upon this had great advantages The Dominicans that are all engaged in the deence of Thomas Aquinas's Opinions were thereby obliged to assert that she was born in Original Sin this was proposed to the People by the Franciscans as no less than Blasphemy and by this the Dominicans began to lose ground extreamly in the minds of the People who were strongly prepossessed in favour of the immaculate Conception Dr. Burnet's Letters p. 31. edit 1680. Dr. Stillingfleet distributes his Discourse upon the Divisions of the Roman Church into Considerations 1. Of the Pope's Vsurpations under pretence of Universal Pastor whereby he may depose Kings c. 2. Of the Effects doubting not to prove that the Pope's Usurpation hath caused more Wars Bloodshed Confusion c. in Christendom than all other causes put together have done since the time it was first changed e. g. Constantine the first opposed Philippics Emperor Gregory the 2d taking away the small remainder of the Roman Empire from the Emperor Leo the 2d in Italy c. 3. Of the Schisms c. Sometimes 2 sometimes 3 several Heads at one time Bellermine in his Chronol confessing 26 several Schisms Onaphrius 30 whereof some lasted 10 some 20 one 50 years I need not insist saith he on the more antient between Cornelius and Novatianus Tiberius and Falix Damasus and Vrsinius Bonifacius and Eulalis Symachus and Laurentius Bonifacius and Dioscorus Sylverius and Vigilius c. Those of most continuance were A. D. 821. between Formosus and Sergius Benedict 9 and Sylvester 3. Regulars Seculars 4. Of the Differences in matters of Government e. g. between the Regulars and Seculars as to matters of Episcopal Jurisdiction even here in England the Mendicant Friers or Monks being exempted by the Pope the Jesuits difference with the Secular Priests in Q. Elizabeth's Reign proceeded to a Separation each from other about the Authority of Arch-Priests and they continually charged each other with the guilt of Horrible Schism The Jesuits opposition to Bishops Authority e.g. between Palafox Bishop of Angelopolis in America and the Jesuits Differences of Papists Lastly Of Matters of Doctrine between the Dominicans and Jesuits the Thomists and Scotists the Jansenists and Molinists Their Differences adds the aforecited Author are not confined to their Schools no not about the immaculate Conception the Thomists being against it the Scotists Occam and Franciscans for it John de Montesovo was convened first before the Faculty of Sorbon and his Doctrine against the immaculate Conception condemned and he forced to appeal to Rome and then to fly into Spain c. Dr. Stillingfleet 's Idolatry of the Church of Rome Jesuits and Molinists There being a great Indifferency in Italy as to Learning and Religion both and the Country being much improverished by the Ascendency of the Clergy and the People being Sick with the Observation of these things the Proposal of a new Remedy was easily received Michael de Molinos a Spaniard of an opulent Family who had entered into Priests Orders but not beneficed of an exact course of Life addicted to Mystical Divinity a Mysterious way of Devotion first set out by Cassian afterwards by St. Bernard Denys the Areop Thauler Rasbrachius Harphius Suso Tho. Ã Kempis S. Teresa Walter Hilton F. Cressy out of F. Baker's Papers considering a Man in a three-fold State 1. Animal or Imaginative where the Devotion is weak and variable 2. Rational where the Reason forces the Will and the Acts of Religion are dry 3. Contemplative in which the Will is so united to God and overcome by that Union that in one single Act it loves adores and is resigned up to God without any weariness or multiplicity of Acts upon which follows a secret Joy and Acquiescence in the Will of God Contemplation being nothing else but the silent and humble Adoration of God that ariseth out of a pure and quiet Mind All the common methods of Devotion being but steps to this State of Perfection To this end the Rosary Breviary c. are generally laid aside Molinos wrote a Book called Il Guida Spiritualâ— because Men may be deceived herein without a Guide This Book writ in Italy gave offence to the Regulars but especially the Jesuits This Book was published first A. 1675. with Approbation of the Arch-bishop of Rheggio General of the Franciscans F. Martin de Sparsa the Jesuit c. Molinos was hereupon received into Acquaintance and Favour with Cardinal Coloredi Ceceri Petrucci Cassanata Azolivi Carpegna and Cardinal d'Estrees the last was the most Zealous to advance his Design The Pope himself lodged him in an Apartment of his Palace many Priests came to consult him and all the Nuns except those which had Jesuits for their Confessors began to lay aside their Rosaries c. and gave themselves to Mental Prayer Upon this the Jesuits and Dominicans began to be alarmed at the Progress of Quietism Molinos and his Followers are given out to be Hereticks and Quietists Books writ against them Molinos and two hundred of his Friends clapt up by the Inquisition among whom were Count Vespiniani and his Lady Don Paulo Rocchi Confessor to Prince Borghese Cardinal Petrucci c. and the Pope himself in the single Quality of Benedict Odeschalci was secretly examined
lately an account of greater Divisions some of them being charged by others with damnable Heresies and Doctrines of Devils c. in a Book intituled The Plea of the Innocent c. I take them for a Branch of the Old Anabaptists which sprung up in Germany upon the Reformation though they made no appearance in England 'till the time of our Civil Wars about the Year 1644. and then were assisted at least by some Priests of the Popish Seminaries in disguise as were also several other Sects which then sprung up amongst us See Du Moulin's Philan. Angl. c. Mahometans 1. Creed The first Chapter of the Alcoran is as it were the Mahometan's Creed and 't is called the Mother of the Book containing the Words of Mahomet for the rest are all deliver'd as the Word of God he being induced as Speaker Which first Chapter is this Sense In the Name of God gracious and merciful Thanks be unto God the Lord of the World merciful pitiful Judge at the Day of Judgment We pray unto thee we trust in thee Lead us into the right way the way of them whom thou hast chosen not of them with whom Thou art angry and of the Infidels Out of the Alcoran may be collected more of their Faith as thus 1. God is One necessary to all incorporeal neither begetting nor begotten the Creator long-suffering searcher of the Heart true that he hath no Son needs nothing 2. That Christ is the Son of Mary the best of Women the Prophet of God begotten by the Spirit of her in the shape of a Man Christ was not slain by the Jews but one like him 3. Their Law is to be propagated by the Sword Of the twelve Months four are to be consecrated to this warfare they that refuse it lose their Souls The Unbelievers taken in War that will not turn must be killed or made Slaves 'T is not lawful to dispute about the Law 4. God made the World and disposed the seven Heavens and afterwards Man like unto himself and breathed into him his own Soul a portion of it That the Angels being commanded to do reverence to Adam Beelzebub refused and was therefore damned 5. There is a Paradise and Hell but of sensual Pleasures and Torments 6. Mahomet is the Seal and last of the Prophets to whom it was lawful to lie with all Women even Aunts and Kindred c. 7. There shall be a Resurrection proved by the story of the 7 Sleepers who slept 360 Years 2. Moral and Judicial Precepts and Prohibitions 1. Prohibitions 1. Abstain from Swines-flesh Blood that which dies alone and that which hath the Neck cut off 2. From Wine and Women more than their own Wives or Women 3. Working on Friday at Prayer-time 4. Games of Chesse Scails and Tables 5. Marrying with Men or Women of another Law 6. Marrying with Mother Daughter Sister Aunt Niece Nurse c. 7. Swearing rashly and For-swearing 8. Usury Lying Injustice c. 2. Precepts Affirmative 1. Pilgrimage to Mecha 2. Belief in GOD and Mahomet 3. Marry and Fight for the encrease of Religion 4. Giving wealth to the Poor Men Slaves Birds Dogs 5. Praying five times a Day 6. Keeping Lent one Month in the Year 7. Obedience to Parents 8. Keeping Friday Sabbath cum multis aliis Mahometan Sects 1. Turks or Arabians 1. THE Turks pretendc that Abouleker was the Successor of Mahomet making his Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Abouleker 1 Omar 1 Osman 1 Aly. 2. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the Commands of their Law M. de Thev 3. They call to Prayers from the tops of Towers 4. In Praying the Turks hold their hands one over another upon their Stomach 5. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them is a Crime punishable by Death 6. The Turks make God the Author both of Good and Evil. 7. The Turks say the Law is Eternal 8. The Turks teach that God shall be visible to blessed Souls in his Essence 9. The Turks say Mahomet when he received his Alcoran was carried by the Angel Gabriel Body and Soul into God's presence 10. The Arabians pray five times a day 2. Persians 1. The Persians leave out of Mahomet's Succession the names of Abouleker Omar and Osman affirming them to be Usurpers only and no rightful Successors to Mahomet that Aly lawfully and actually succeeded him making the Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Aly. which Aly say they succeeded Mahomet both in his Doctrine and Empire and married also Mahomet's Daughter who was also the first of the twelve Imams and whose Interpretation of the Law they embrace as the Truest and whose Sepulchre they visit as the Turks the other three 2. The Persians call themselves Schiai because they think it enough to follow the Precepts of their Law though sometimes they follow some of the Counsels too 3. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrases not Towers 4. The Schiai in Praying hold not their hands on their Stomach but laying down a little gray stone which they always carry about them every time they prostrate lay their Foreheads on that stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the second Son of Aly was killed M. de Thev 5. The Persians will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Religion 6. The Persians make God Author of Good only 7. The Persians say only God is Eternal 8. The Persians say he is visible only in his Effects and Attributes 9. The Persians that he was carried only in Soul 10. The Persians pray but three times a day Morning Noon and Night no not upon Fridays The Persians have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an interlineal Translation word for word for Turk and Persian both believe that that Book cannot be explainted in any other Language but Arabick Subordinate Sects Dervises THey go about begging Alms in the name of Aly. They wear two Sheep-skins dried in the Sun the one hanging on their Back the other on their Breast the rest of their Body naked their whole body shaved Head bare Temples burnt with a hot Iron Rings with precious Stones in their Ears and a knotty Club in their Hand They are desperate Assassinates Robbing and Murdering on occasion They eat of an Herb called Asserad or Matslach which makes them Mad cutting and slashing themselves which makes them more reverenced On Friday after their Devotion they drink of Asserad and Sing and Dance about a Fire like mad c. See more in the sequel of this Book Imailer The Imailers or Religious Brothers of Love have for their Habit a long Coat of a Violet colour without Seam girt about with a golden Girdle at which hang silver Cymbals which jingle as they go These with a Book in their Hand of Love-Songs go about Singing and receive Money for their Songs and are always bare-headed wearing long Hair which they curl They are worse than Beasts
Embassies and Arts Threats and Promises of the Church of Rome their Pastors were prevailed with to make Retractations and submit themselves for a while to the Papal Yoke But they soon started back again and the whole body of the people were never entirely reduced to this day Yet bitterly reproached and spitefully represented to the World and confounded with the Manichees Cathari and the worst of Hereticks on purpose to derive the greater Odium and stroke of Persecution upon them 2. Their Names At first they were called Patarines from a place called Patria or Pataria where upon a difference with their Neighbours they were feign to say Mass by themselves afterwards Subalpini from the Countrey Waldenses from Valles Waldenses from Waldo being an Eminent Man and one that had translated the Scriptures into a Known Tongue and probably many of his disciples joyning themselves to this Church Lions the place of their abode gave them the Name of Poor People of Lions c. Albigenses 3. Their Countrey First Italy and the Countrey of Piedmont Lombardy France and Bohemia whither they fled for shelter in the times of persecution about A. C. 1200. England c. 4. Their Doctrines 1. The Church of Rome is an Assembly of ungodly men not the Church of Christ but the Whore in the Revelation 2. All sins reign in that Church 3. That themselves are the true poor in Spirit who suffer for the Faith c. The True Church of Christ 4. That the Eastern Church doth not value the Church of Rome 5. They despise all Ordinances and Statutes of the Church as being too many and burdensom 6. The Prelates are the Scribes and Pharisees 7. None in the Church ought to be greater than other 8. None ought to kneel to a Priest See thou do it not Rev. 9. Tythes are not to be given to Priests nor the Clergy ought not to enjoy any Temporal Possessions Prebends Regalia c. 10. Neither Land nor People ought to be divided into Parishes 11. They condemn Monasteries all the Sacraments of the Church of Rome 12. They were against Swearing c. But these are accounted to us by Authors of the Roman Church with so much malice and confusion that 't is not easie to believe any of their Reports They had indeed a mixture of Error with their substantial Truths which is capable of Apology 5. Their Conduct of Life They were orderly and modest in their manners and behaviour avoiding all Pride in their Habits wearing neither very rich Cloaths nor over mean and ragged ones they kept up no Trade to avoid Lies Swearing and Deceit but only lived by the Labour of their hands as Handy-crafts men and Day-labourers and their Teachers were Weavers and Tailors they did not heap up Riches but were content with Necessaries they were also very Chast sparing and very temperate in Eating and Drinking not frequenting Taverns or Ale-houses nor going to Balls or other Vanities abstaining from Anger when they workt they either Learned or Taught and therefore Prayed but little They Hypocritically went to Church Offered Confessed Communicated and heard Sermons to catch the Preacher in his Words Observe this Character is given them by an Adversary an Inquisitor who wrote in the 14th Century In like manner their Women were very modest avoiding Back-biting Foolish Jesting and levity of Words and abstaining especially from lies and swearing not so much as making use of the common Asseverations In truth for certain c. 6. Their Worship and Behaviour from the afore-said Anthor They kneel down upon the ground before a bench or the like and continue thus in all their Prayers in silence as long as one might repeat a Pater-Noster 30 or 40 times and conclude their Prayers by repeating the word Amen several times and this they do every day very Reverently amongst those of their own Perswasion without the company of any Strangers before noon after noon and at night when they go to bed besides some other times as well in the day morning and at night they say teach nor have any other Prayer besides Our Father They do not look on the Salutation of the Angel to be a Prayer nor the Apostle's Creed and say that these were introduced by the Church of Rome not by Christ However they have drawn up a short draught of the seven Articles concerning the Godhead and as many concerning the Human Nature the Ten Commandmants and the seven Works of Mercy which they say and teach and boast much of them and readily offer themselves to Answer to any one that demands of them a reason of their Faith Before they set themselves down to Table they bless it saying Bless the Lord. Lord have mercy upon us Christ have mercy upon us Lord have mercy upon us Our Father c. After which the Eldest of the Company saith in the Vulgar Tongue God who blessed the 5 barley Loaves and 2 Fishes in the Desart before his Disciples bless this Table and that which is upon it and then make the sign of the Cross in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost Amen And when they rise from Table after Dinner or Supper they give Thanks thus the Eldest in the Vulgar Tongue repeating the Doxology set down in the Revelation Blessing and Glory and Wisdom and Thanksgiving Honour Power and Might be ascribed to God alone for ever and ever Amen And then adds God render a good reward and a plentiful return to all those who are our Benefactors and the God who hath given us Corporal food vouchsafe us also the Life of his Spirit and God be with us and we with him always Amen Also when they bless the Table and when they return Thanks they fold their Hands together and lift them up towards Heaven And after Dinner and they have returned Thanks and Prayed as before they Preach Teach and Exhort according to their way and Doctrine They who would know more may read Archbishop Vsher Morland Dr. Allix out of whom I have in great hast Extracted this short Account rather to give an edg than satisfy the Appetite of my Readers Place these Two Leaves before the 2d Part. THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World c. PART II. 1. Knowledge of God Jewish MAimonides acknowledges God to be incorporeal and incomprehensible Dr. Tenison Esdras appointed the People to meet three times a week to be taught the Law because in the desart of Sur they wandered three days without water i. e. the Law Ross Christians S. Augustine was inflamed with a desire of Wisdom by reading Ciccro's Hortensius That Book saith he changed my Affections and turned my Prayers to thy self O Lord and made an alteration in my wishes and desires All vain hope grew low in my esteem on a suddain and I long'd for the Immortality of Wisdom with an incredible heat of mind How did I burn my God how did I burn with a desire to fly from Earthly things to thee and I knew
not far off for He did not make them and go away Sed ex illo in illo sunt Ibid. l. 4. c. 12. Do not hide from me thy Face Let me dye truly let me dye that I may see it Moriar ne moriar ut eam videam l. 1. c. 5. What art thou to me Have Mercy on me that I may speak What am I to thee that thou shouldest command me to love Thee and if I do it not shouldst be angry with me and threaten me with great miserys Is it not a small thing if I should not love thee Alas for me tell me by thy Mercies O Lord my God what Thou art to me Say unto my Soul I am thy Salvation Speak so that I may hear c. Ibid. Galeacius Caracciola Marquess of Vicum the Pope's Nephew upon his parting with his Friends and Family his Lady and Children weeping and crying and himself going to Geneva as an Exile had these words Let them be accursed that prefer all the pleasures of this World to one Hours Communion with Jesus Christ Anonym Joachimus Curaeus a German Physician in the close of his Life spake thus Come Lord Jesus and let all that love thee say Come and he that loves thee not let him be Anathema Maâ—anatha Thou knowest I love thee with thee I shall be the beginning of this New-year Mel. Adam Affiance in GOD. Jews THE Jews still pray for the re-edifying of the Temple with a still Voice that none can hear in these words Let thy will be before thy Face O God our Lord Lord of our Fathers that the holy House of thy Temple may be restored to our Days and grant us thy Will in thy Law And afterwards rising with great Joy and Clamour they sing a Prayer of Praise in hope thereof and sitting down again they read a long Prayer gathered here and there out of the Psalms and some whole Psalms and part of 1 Chron. 30. And lastly the last words of Obadiah v. 21. The Saviours shall ascend into Mount Zion to judge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdom shall be the Lord's Which they speak in hope of the Destruction of the Christians and their own Restitution they proceed singing And God shall be King over all the Earth in that day God shall be One and his Name One as 't is written in thy Law O God hear Israel God our God is One God And this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One in the next Prayer they repeat and resound for half an hour together One One One c. Looking up to Heaven and turning to the four corners of the World Purchas Christians Luther in great spiritual trouble having writ about the Walls and Tables in his Study in great Letters VIVIT He is alive to a Friend dedemanding of him the Reason replied Christ is alive and if he were not I would not desire to live one Hour longer Dr. Bolton in his Serm. Mahometans They look upon themselves as obliged to perform the inward acts of Faith and account all Actions without Faith as sins without any Merit F. Simon They commend nothing so much as Trust in God owning him for their only support Idem Heathens M. Antonius gave God thanks for his Assistance in the Government of his Will The Southern Americans when they go to Wars carry their Gods along with them and ask Counsel of them for all Affairs Rosse Obedience to His Laws Jews IN every Synagogue the Book of the Law is kept within a Chest written on Parchment in great Characters and carried to and fro on two Staves fastened to each end of the Parchment The Book which is the Pentateuch is wrapt in Linnen and covered with Silk Velvet or Tissue The two Staves are called the Trees of Life When the Praecentor brings forth the Book they all sing Num. 10.35 Let God arise and let his Enemies be scattered c. After some Anthems are sung one comes and kisses the Cloaths in which it is wrapt and with a loud Voice blesseth God who hath chosen them before all others and given them a Law Then the chief Singer reads a Chapter and the Book is kissed again after that elevated on high the whole Congregation shouting This is the Law that Moses gave to Israel When the Book is wrapt up again all both Young and Old kiss it touching it only with their two Fingers And while it is carried back again they all sing again Return Lord to the many Thousands of Israel Numb 10.36 Mr. Rosse Obedience to the Divine Laws Muscovites SOme Lutheran Divines in Sweden and Livonia have made it a Problematical Question Whether the Muscovites were Christians or not The Danish Gentleman who published the Embassie he was sent upon into Muscovy from Frederick the Second gives the Muscovites a very true Character in two Lines when he says They are subtile over-reaching humourous self-willed obstinate insolent and impudent regulating their Reason according to their Power that they have shaken hands with all Vertues to run themselves into all manner of Vice D. of H. Ambass Trav. Ceylan A witty Man of Ceylan and a good natural Philosopher called Alegamma Motiar having conversed with the Jesuits and desiring to be a Christian desired to know what Jesus Christ had done and left in Writing and having read over the New Testament with that heed and study that in less than six Months there was hardly a Passage which he could not repeat after which he desired to turn Christian because he found their Religion such as Jesus Christ had taught but only he wondred That they themselves did not follow his Example for that he never yet could find by his reading that Jesus Christ ever took any Mony of any body but that they took all they could get and never Baptized or Buried unless they were well paid but tho he started the Question he was Baptized and became a Sedulous Converter of others Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 3 Love and Reverence to his Name Word c. Jews THe Jews to shew their Zeal for the Law of God wear the Zizith or Fringe which is a square piece of Linnen-cloth or Silk c. with Fringes worn next the Shirt hanging down on the breast or Shoulders c. and account the right wearing of it a keeping of the whole Law and ascribe as many miracles to it as the Papists to the Cowl of S. Francis Women never wear it Dr. Addison They have also scrowls of Parchment Phylacteries Tephillim written with several sentences of the Law and tied on the fore-head and left-arms Idem They have a great veneration for the Law viz. the five Books of Moses never reading it or taking it out of the Chest but on Monday Thursday and Sabbath-day After the Elevation of it and its return from Procession and being put in its coverings all the Males in the Synagogue kiss it in order as the Papists do the Pax. Idem When they kiss it they bless God
Gold Coins Pictures and Statues to be represented as a Person Praying with Hands spread abroad and Eyes lift up to Heaven Dr. Cave Mr. Ignatius Jurdaine Merchant was wont for many years even to old Age Winter and Summer to rise between two and three a clock to his private Devotions continuing there till six and then proceeded to Family-Duties Clark Myconius sending in a Letter to Luther that he was Sick not unto Death but unto Life Luther wrote to him again that he prayed that he and others his Friends might survive him and that he might not be left alone with his dry exhausted and wearied Body to combat with Devils here below Hoc peto hoc volo fiat voluntas mea Amen which accordingly came to pass for Myconius recovered of his Consumption and lived six years after Insomuch that Justus Jonas saith of Luther Potuit quod voluit Fuller 's Lives Persians The Persians never undertake any thing but they pronounce the Bismilla in the name of God and sometimes say Behnam ohuki namesch herez Tzanehafr i. e. in his Name who is the Refuge and Protection of Souls They express a great Attention and Devotion in their Prayers I have seen them in their Metschid at Ispahan when they had their Eyes so fastened on the Ground or lift up to Heaven that they would not take any notice of one D. of Holst Emb. Trav. p. 279. Mahometans The Mahometans or Infidels of Indostan or East-India whatever Impediments they have at home or abroad they constantly Pray five times every day viz. at six nine and twelve in the Morning and three and six in the Afternoon The Mogul the Prince himself does so and the meanest Shepherd that waits on his Flock in the Field and if they can they perform their Devotions in their Moschits or Churches Most go to Prayers every day at least to those of Noon Quindy and Akscham A Mahometan told a Reverend Divine of England Resident of the Great Mogul's Court There was said he a most Devout Mussel-man who had his Habitation in a great City where Mahomet was zealously professed who for many years together spent his whole days in the Mosquit not minding the World at all so that this Family was become very Poor ready to Famish He leaves them one morning in this low Condition takes a solemn Leave of his Wife and Children resolving for his part to go and Pray and Dye in the Mosquit if no Relief came and leaving his Family to Famish at home But that very day there came to his House a beautiful young Man as he appeared who gave to his Wife a considerable quantity of Gold bound up in a white Napkin telling her that God had now remembred her Husband and sent him his Pay for his Constant Pains in Devotions c. Her Husband at his return at night brought nothing but a little Grit or Sand which he opened to shew and it was all turned into precious Stones c. the seventh part of which he gave to the Poor for said he a Musselman is very Charitable Adding If we do not forget God he will not forget us This Story seems Incredible but 't is related by the nameless Author of Indost and E. Ind. The Moors about Fesse in the beginning of any Labour or Journey looking up to Heaven with a low Voice say Bismillah i. e. in the Name of God Morden In passing by one another they say Salem alleque Peace be with thee at the hearing of one Sneeze God be your Keeper Idem The Moors Pray five times a day first about Noon second about three a clock third at Sun-set fourth a little within Night fifth a little before day in Winter Idem When the Mahometans mount on Horse-back Play or Eat they say Bismillah M. de Thev In some parts of Cathay the Monks Pray on strings full of Nut-shells Rosse Chinese Papists Persians and Muscovites in Praying use Beads though not all nor always The more Puritanical sort of Turks have a Tesbuch a kind of Chaplet or String of Beads consisting of 99 Beads upon each of which they repeat certain words out of the Alcoran Tavern In Ceylon also they pray on Beads Rosse Gaurs The Gaurs when they pray tye a Handkerchief about their Mouths as if they were afraid their words should mix with the Air and receive any impurity M. Tavern l. 4. c. 8. Persians The Persians cannot say their Prayers when they have any Gold about them Idem l. 5. c. 10. and therefore they never wear Jewel or Ring of Gold because it would be troublesome to pull 'em off and lay them up so many times a day Muscovites They in their Prayers consider the Virgin Mary the Evangelists Apostles and an infinite number of other Saints not only as simple Intercessors as the most intelligent affirm but also as Causes and Co-operators of their Salvation There is no Muscovite but gives his Saints and their Images the honour due only to God D. of Holst Ambass Trav. Abyssines They pray for the dead e. g. Remember Lord the Souls of thy Servants and our Father Abba Matthew and the rest of our Fathers Abba Salama and Abba Jacob c. And again Remember Lord the Kings of Ethiopia Abreha Atzbeha Caleb and Gebrak Meschah c. Release O Lord our Fathers Abba Antony and Abba Macarius c. From whence it may be fairly Justified That they admit Purgatory which yet in words they constantly deny But through Simplicity and Ignorance they are not constant to themselves for at another time they implore the Intercession of the same Souls Job Ludolph Armenians The Armenians pray not for the dead imagining that 'till the general Day of Doom they are without either Joy or Torment Sir Tho. Herb. So soon as the Armenians discover the Mountain Ararat they kiss the Earth and lifting up their Eyes to Heaven say their Prayers M. Taver Book 1. c. 4. Calvinists Corderius taught his Scholars to pray twice or thrice every day besides their Prayers at rising in the Morning and lying down at Night and also constantly at Meat And moreover advised them sometime to retire by themselves to secret Prayer Corder Collo Papists Margaret of Valois not long since Queen of France built her a Chapel provided her Chaplains and large Endowments for them that so perpetually day and night every hour successively without intermission by some one or other there might intercession be made to God for her unto the World's end a thing which her self had little thought of in her life-time as having other business to think on Mr. John Hales Formosa After the Priesttesses Juibs have fed heartily on the Offerings they proceed to Prayer which is long joyned with several distracted motions of the Eyes 'till falling to the ground they make dreadful cries and shrieks then lye immoveable on the ground extended saying in this posture the Gods communicate their mind to them then they get up to the top of the
for the Master's Offence alone but for his own Rosse Self-denial Jews IN nothing scarce did the Pedagogy of the Mosaick Law approve it self to be an excellent Institution more than in this that the whole drift and tendency of it was to break the Jewish Nation off from their own Wills and bring them to an humble dependency upon the will of God And accordingly we find the Devout Persons that were among them deny themselves mightily in the Observations of the Mosaick Rites in the distinction of Meats of Days of Garments in their Solemnities of the Ordinances of Circumcision Passover Purifications Sacrifices c. And to this day they are superstitiously Zealous and Obstinate in bearing the reproach of an accursed People and adhereing still to their old Religion in despite of all the Evidences that are produced in the World to prove all the Shadowy part of it null and void Papists At the Inauguration of the Roman Popes the Master of the Ceremonies leads the way into S. Gregory's Chappel and burns some straws over a Candle repeating 3 times Sic transit gloria mundi Camerar Daniel Arch-bishop and Elector of Mentz in a little peculiar Book of Prayers which he had wrote Life is short Beauty deceitful Mony fluent Government hateful War destructive Victory doubtful friendship deceitful Old Age miserable Death happiness the fame of wisdom Eternal Idem Mahometans When they pray to God for any thing they are to resign themselves to his will and say O my God I beg of thee not to grant what I ask if it be not for my Good F. Simon Calvinists He that hath learned to displease himself much hath made a good proficiency in Christianity Calvin The Marquess of Vicum in Italy that for his Religion relinquished his Native Soyl the Wife of his Bosom his dear Children his great Riches and took upon him a voluntary Exile at Geneva to serve his God according to his Faith and Conscience that he might die in Peace and save his Soul was a very remarkable instance of Self-denial Indians Some of the Indian Faquirs live in little pitiful Huts near their Pagods where they have once in 24 hours Victuals bestowed upon them for God's sake Some will retire into Huts near their Pagods where there is but one hole to let in the light and will stay there according to the height of their Devotion sometimes 9 or 10 days together without either eating or drinking a thing which I could not have believed had I not seen it My Curiosity carried me to see one of them with the president of the Dutch Company who sent a Spy to watch night and day whether any body brought him any Victuals but he could not discover any relief the Faquir had all the while sitting upon his Bum like our Tailors never changing his posture above 7 days together not being able to hold out any longer by reason that the Heat and stench of the Lamp was ready to stifle him There are other sorts of Penance out-doing this which might be thought incredible were there not so many thousand witnesses thereof e.g. One over whose head several years have passed yet he never slept day nor night When he finds himself sleepy he hangs the weight of the upper part of his Body upon a double Rope fastened to the Bough of a Tree and by the continuance of this posture which is very strange and painful there falls a humor into their Legs which swells them very much Another night and day Summer and Winter carries his Arms above his Head which causes certain Carnosities to breed in his Joynts that he can never bring them down again His hair grows down to his waste his Nails are as long as his Fingers his nakedness is all the year long exposed to heat and rain and stinging of Flies For he hath no use of his hands to rid himself Another stands on one foot for several hours in a day with a Chafing-Dish in his hand offering Incense to his God and all the while fixing his Eyes upon the Sun Another sleeps without ever resting his Arms a great torment certainly Others have their arms flagging down upon their Shoulders through weakness being dried up for want of Nourishment Some in a posture quite contrary to the motion and frame of Nature keep their Eyes always turned toward the Sun Others fix their Eyes perpetually on the ground never so much as speaking one word or looking any person in the Face c. There is an infinite variety of them In City and Countrey they go all as naked as they came out of their Mothers Womb And tho the Women approach them to take them by the Fingers ends and to kiss those parts which modesty forbids to name yet shall you not observe in them any motion to Sensuality at all rather quite contrary seeing them never to look upon any person but rowling their Eyes in a most frightful manner you would believe them in an Ecstasy Tavernier Par. 2. l. 2. c. 6. Justice and Honesty See Care of the Bodies of others Jews THE Jews in case of Meum and Tuum have a cheap and compendious way of proceeding and determining what is Right and Wrong by a Juncto of Sabios or Masters Dr. Addison Ancient Christians Nazianzen reports of his Father That though he went through great Offices of State yet he made not one Farthing's addition to his own Revenue though he saw some before his Eyes that with Briarius laid hold on the publick Treasures and therewith filled their own Coffers St. Austine saith He knew a Man probably himself who having a Book offered him to be sold by one that understood not the Price of it at a very small Under-rate took the Book but gave him the full price according to its just rate a great deal more than the Seller asked De Trin. l. 13. It was Pliny's Testimony to Trajan l. 10. Ep. 97. The greatest Fault that they the Christians are guilty of is that they use harmlesly to meet to worship Christ and at those Meetings to bind themselves by a Sacrament or Oath that they would not do any Wickedness that they might be firmlier obliged not to commit Theft Robberies Adulteries not to falsifie their words or to deny any thing wherewith they are entrusted when it was required of them A Woman that industriously made her self to Miscarry was adjudged to ten years Pennance Infant-killing by a Law of Valentinian Emperor was made subject to the same Penalty with killing an adult Person The Punishment of Willful Murder by St. Basil's Rule was twenty years Pennance In Tertullian's time perpetual Pennance not to be absolved by Death Dr. Cave 's Prim. Christian. Georgians In Georgia a Thief is acquitted paying Seven-fold what he hath stole two parts to the Party robbed one to the Judges and four to the King If he hath not wherewith to satisfie he is sold if the Product do not yet equal the Sum his Wife is sold
Study but among the Magistrates and Citizens And if there are not many Men of the first Form of Learning among them yet every one almost here hath a good Tincture of a learned Education insomuch that they are Masters of the Latin Tongue they know the Controversies of Religion and History and are generally Men of good Sense Dr. Burnet's Letters Muscovites A Muscovite may sell his Son and alienate him for his own Advantage but they seldom come to such Extremities and had rather see their Children Starve at home than suffer them to go out any where to Service Sometimes for Debt they make over their Children to their Creditors D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels The first thing the Muscovites teach their Children is to make their Reverences and Inclinations to the Images At Ladoga I lodg'd at a Womans House who would not give his Breakfast to a Child she had who could hardly either stand or speak till he had first made nine Inclinations or Bows to the Saint and as often as well as he could pronounce it said his Gospodi Lord have Mercy upon me Idem Persians The Persians put their Children very young either to Work or to School to learn to Write Read and Cast Account Their Metzid or Mosquits where they say their Prayers serve also for Schools No City but hath as many Metzids as Streets every Street being obliged to maintain a Metzid with a Molla or Professor or Principal and Calife which is the Regent belonging to it Idem They have also Universities Medressa and Professors Mederis at Ispahan Sohiras Ardebil Meschid Tabris Caswin Kom Jescht Schamachie c. with Revenues from such Provinces as pay no Taxes to the King for the teaching of Mathematicks Eloquence Poetry Natural and Moral Philosophy Law and Medicine Idem Chinese The first Lectures they make to Youth are those of Compliments whereof there are whole Books Mandelslo Indians The Bannians accustom their Children betimes to fly Idleness and instead of permitting them to play in the Streets as we generally do they teach them Arithmetick which they are so perfect at that without making use of either Pen and Ink or Counters but only of their Memories they will in a moment cast up the most difficult Account that can be imagined Tavernier Part 2. l. 2. c. 3. Turks The Turks are not much given to Contemplation Learning yet are careful to breed up their Children and to be Instructed for the which there are many Schools where they read their Laws to the end they may serve in their Mosques or be able to Govern the Common-weal Knolles Persians The Persians seldom see their Infants 'till past four Years of Age from which or Twenty they learn to Ride and Shoot also to fair meanly lodge hard watch till the ground and be content with small things Sir Tho. Herbert Heathens Japan In Japan they bring up their Children with extraordinary Indulgence and Mildness never beating and very seldom chiding them considering that they are not yet come to the use of Reason and for this reason their Children at 7 8 or 9 Years of Age have more piercing Wits and are more Searching and Inquisitive and Brisk than our Youth at Seventeen or Eighteen Mandelslo's Trav. p. 157. Siam In Siam the Inheritance is divided equally to the Children except the Eldest who hath some advantage at five or six Years of Age they are put to the Ecclesiasticks to Write and Read and be Instructed in Religion the Parents in the mean time very seldom seeing them afterwards to a Trade or if Ingenious continued in their Studies to fit them for the Priestly Function or some other Employments which among them are bestowed according to Merit not Money Idem p. 104. Tunquin In Tunquin when they put forth a Child to learn Sculpture Painting Goldsmith's Work c. before they let him Work they set him upon an Altar and Sacrifice to the Idol Tiensa which is the Patroness of Handicrafts to the end she may infuse into the Lad Wit and Aptness to learn Tavern Coll. Good Children Jews KIng Josiah Timothy c. Hopeful from their Youth At Five Years old the Children go to School are Five Years learning the Pentateuch at Ten are put to learn the Mischna and some choice Parcels of the Talmud at Thirteen they receive the Passeover and are purified and now are answerable for their own Faults And at this Age by way of Question and Answer there are no Youth under Heaven can give so good account of their Religion as the Jewish Dr. Addison They are usually girt as soon as their Bodies will endure it and never go ungirt to the Synagogue ungirt unblest Idem Christians Origen when a Child was mightily inquisitive into the recondite meaning of the Scriptures even tiring his Parents with asking Religious Questions comforting his Father in Prison with Letters and hardly forbearing to offer himself to Martyrdom Dr. Cave Mr. Tho. Cartwright in his younger Years hath risen many times in the Night to seek out places to pray in Clark's Lives Mr. Arthur Hildersam of Papist-Parents was converted by Mr. Desborow his School-Master and fitted for Cambridge by thirteen Years of Age. Idem Mr. Rich. Sedgwick when a School-boy living with an Uncle when the rest of the Family were at their Games and Dancings he would be in a Corner mourning his Uncle at first imputed it to Bookishness and rebuked him for it but at last perceiving the Truth of the thing began to hate him cast him out of his Family saying A Puritan should never inherit his Land Idem Mr. Julines Hering born in Montgomery educated first in Shropshire next removed to Coventry when at School was noted for his diligence in reading the Scriptures On Play-days he with two or three more School-Fellows would pray together repeat the Heads of their Catechism with the Sermons which they heard last Lord's Day Idem Mr. Herbert Palmer esteem'd Sanctified even from the Womb at the Age of four or five Years he would cry to go to his Lady-Mother Sir Tho. Palmer being his Father that he might hear somewhat of GOD. When a Child little more than five Years old he wept in reading the Story of Joseph and took much pleasure in learning Chapters by heart He learned the French-Tongue almost so soon as he could speak He often affirmed That he never remembred the Learning of it By his Discourse he could hardly be distinguish'd from a Native French-man When at the Latine-School at vacant hours when others were at play he was constantly observed to be reading studiously by himself Dr. W. Gouge at School continually studious even at Play-hours was even then conscionable in secret Prayer and Sanctifying the Sabbath much grieved at the Sports and Pastimes used too licenciously on that day Mr. Tho. Gattaker often chid by his Father from his Book Mr. Jer. Whitaker when a School-Boy would frequently go in company 8 or 10 Miles to hear a Warming-Sermon and took Sermon-Notes
Colleges Schools c. Jews THE Jews have had many Colleges not go speak of those mentioned in Scripture Naioth and Gibeah Bethel and Jericho since the destruction of Jerusalem their most famous have been Jabne or Jafne three Miles from Joppa Tiberias or Tzephorias Soran and Pumbedith Hottinger Persians There are many Mandresaes Colleges all over Persia D. of Holstein's Embass Trav. into Musc Tartary c. p. 159. The Persians in their Colleges observe this way the Student Reads two or three lines and the Doctor Expounds them then another Reads two or three more and rises up till the Doctor hath expounded them and bids him sit down again Their Books are mostly the Works of Kadgia Nesir some of Aristotle the Almagestes of Ptolomy which they call Magesti some of Euclide some of Archimedes the Opticks of Ebne Heister Galen Galenous they call him Averroes Abonalt or great Father Hermes Trismegistus Ormous Their chief Historian is Ronze el Zapha who wrote a Chronology from the Creation very Fabulously saying the World was Inhabited by Devils before the Creation c. Taver l. 5. c. 11. The Persians call their Colleges Medrese where there are a great number of Schollars bred up at little Charge out of the Legacies left to the Foundations They allow them a Chamber without Furniture themselves providing a Coverlet and Mattress for themselves They have no certain Masters but sometimes learn of one sometime of another seldom of the Monderes Principal who is generally the greatest Block-head of them all But there are several others in every good Town that Teach the Sciences to purchase Honour to themselves who are therefore liberal to get many Schollars to publish the Wisdom of their Akroom or Doctor Tavern l. 5. Mahometans There are two stately Colleges in Fez for Professors in Diverse Sciences Rosse Also 200 Grammar Schools About the Walls of their Mosquits are diverse Pulpits for their Readers who begin their Lectures shortly after break of day in the Summer They read after Sun-set Mahomet's Law and Moral Philosophy are read To the winter Lectures large Revenues are allowed Books and Candles Rosse Heathens In New Spain they had Schools and Seminaries Idem and Purchas c. Mahometans Near Belgrade the Grand Visier hath Built a Metreseck or College for Students I saw a Student Habited in Green and wearing a Turbant with four Corners which is a peculiar distinction Dr. Brown's Travels Idolatrous Indians The Bramins have a kind of University in a City which is called Benarez where they make all their Exercises in Astrology and where they have Doctors that Expound their Law which they very strictly observe But in regard they are so great a Number and cannot all come to Study at that University they are all very ignorant and consequently very Superstitious Those that go for the most refined Wits being the greatest Sorcerers Tavernier l. 3. c. 3. Tunquin The Tunquinese have a very great inclination for Learning and apply themselves to their Studies with diligence and success for that they cannot be advanced without it to the Offices and Dignities in the Kingdom by Learning I mean the Knowledg of the Laws of their Countrey Mathematicks Astronomy to which all the Orientials have a great Inclination Musick and Poetry Comedy and Tragedy To obtain Nobility in your Youth by Learning you must pass through three degrees of the Syude by close studying eight years and a rigorous Examination and this qualifies for the Office of a Notary Proctor c. The Doucan by studying Musick Astrology and Poesy five years The Tansi by spending four years more in Learning the Chinese Character to such a number of Words The last Examination is made in the great place within the enclosure of the Palace of Tunquin which is a stately Marble structure There the King is present Princes and great Lords of the Court the Manderim for Learning and all the Tansies and many also from distant Provinces come to the Solemnity Some have asserted extravagantly that sometimes there are 30 or 40000 Students present at this Examination but I cannot learn that the number ever exceeds 3000. Eight days are spent in Examination which is performed upon nine Scaffolds built like an Amphitheatre The eight days being passed they all appear again upon the same Scaffolds where in the View of all the World they who faultered in their Examinations are dismissed as unworthy of any Employment the rest are honoured with a Vest of Violet Satin which they presently put on and then take upon them the name of Tansies Then they have given them a list of the Towns and Villages where they are to receive the Rents which the King allows them some more some less To which places when they come the Inhabitants meet them with all sorts of Musick and a guilded Branquar carried by eight men where they divert themselves for three Months and then return to Court to Instruct themselves in the Affairs of the Kingdom and King's House and fit themselves for the Dâ—â—â—nity of a Mandarin Tavernier 's Collect of several Relat. Saracens About the year 1000 the Saracens had a famous Academy at Babylon wherein the Sorences especially Astrology and Physick were I aught Hotting Christians Under Valentinian the Emperor Students were not permitted to stay after 20 years of age lest the Splendor and Vanities of the City should tempt them to forsake the Service of their Countrey Five or six years time was allowed them there and no more Antiq. of the Brittish Churches Cardinal Pool Arch bishop Granmer and since them Dr. Marshal of Lincoln College in Oxon. were of Opinion that they who are designed for the Clergy should be Educated from their Infancy in the Cathedrals or with some Pious and Learned Divines and so inured to a good Life I wish our Universities were not detective in that point of Education which Ladies call Breeding and Accomplishment a Fault incident to all Schools of I earning yea Athens it self Plutarcho Taste the longer they stayed there the greater Clowns they proved Auth. of the Educ of Young Gentlemen Halor and Schalholt Bishops Sees with Petty Schools in Iseland Dr. Heylin Premonitions of Death Jews THE most remarkable Instances of this kind among the Jews we find in sacred Scripture first in the case of Aaron's Death which is foretold to Moses Numb 20.24 Next in the case of Moses which was revealed by God to himself Num. 27.12 13. and thirdly of Elijah's discovered before-hand to the Prophets both of Bethel and Jericho 2 Kin. 3.3 5. c. I say nothing of the Communication of God made of his recret Purposes concerning the Judgments he had decreed against Offenders as the drowning of the old World the Destruction of Sodom c. the drownning of the Egyptians the punishment of the Israelites by War Plague Famine the Earth swallowing up Corah Dathan and Abiram c. nor lastly the Death of our blessed Saviour presignified by Types Prophecy and Christ's own
Trees in great Veneration and consult with them as with Oracles Rosse In Angola and Congo they are much addicted to Divination by Birds Rosse In Jucatan they caused Boys in hollow Images to answer the Peoples Petitions as if God had spoke to them Idem The Priests in South-America learn Physick and Magick when young being shut up two Years in Woods all which time they keeep their Cells see no Women nor eat Flesh they are taught by their Masters in the Night Idem Some West Indians at this day by fuming their Heads over the smoak of Tobacco will fall into a Trance for four or five Hours and fore-see what Ships are making to their Ports tho' several days of and report where the Vessels then are when they awake Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. In Gilolo and Amboina they bring their Daemon or Nito to conference with a Tabor VVax-Candles and words of Conjuration he appears to them in the shape of a Man all their actions are preceded by consulting the Devil Ibid. Rewards and Punishments future according to the Jews Jews I Need not here declare what the Sentiments of the ancient Jews before our Saviour's time were it shall suâ—fice to tell what their Opinion is in the present Age as Dr. Addison hath informed us in his Present State of the Jews in Barbary 1. They say that all Souls were created together and placed in a certain Region whence the several Bodies in their proper times are furnished as they are ready to receive them and if the Souls offend in this State they are sent into infirm Bodies for a Punishment and this Pre-existence they found on Eccles 4.3 2. Souls are conjoyned with Bodies which is an Imprisonment like Birds in Cages 3. Afterwards they are separated from the Body to a Temporal State of Happiness or Unhappiness wherein they continue till the final Sentence 4. At last they are disposed of into a State of Eternal Duration yet 5. They hold a Purgatory to be in Hell from whence they can never be delivered but by the vertue of the Kaddish a Prayer repeated once a day for the space of a year by some surviving Relation 6. They generally hold that none stays there above a Twelve-month 7. If any one's Sins are too great or many to be purged the Soul by Transmigration is to finish its Penance in another Body and so on in a Third Fourth Fifth Sixth till it come to a Seventh where it finds rest Heaven eternal 1. The State of Pre-existent Souls 2. Of Souls conjoyned with Bodies 3. The Temporal State of Souls Separated from Bodies by death till the day of Judgment 4. A years Purgatory 5. The Soul not purged in transmigration to other Bodâ—â—â— 1. Body 2 Body 3 Body 4 Body 5 Body 6 Body 7 Body Rest. They hold That they which are not of their Religion if found disobedient to the Law of Nature I suppose my Author means shall suffer a total Perdition of their Being themselves are liable only to a lesser Happiness Both Jews and Moors are of Opinion That the Infernal Torments shall have an end and that the fallen Angels shall be then restored to Mercy They place the Consummation of the World in a Restoration of it to that Beauty and Order it was at first designed They say the Resurrection shall be only out of the Holy Land whither all that are buried in other Countries must uncessantly rowl thro' the dark Caverns of the Earth and to avoid this trouble they endeavour when old to return to Palestine Four Privileges of the Jews 1. The Land of Canaan 2. The Law of Moses 3. The Gift of Prophecy 4. And the Resurrection Mahometans An Account of them as communicated to us By F. Simon out of a Book of Mahometanism written by a Modern Doctor of that Religion according to the Doctrine generally received and approved by most good Men in and about Constantinople 1. After Death and Burial two of the greatest Angels Munzir and Nekir come and ask the Person what Belief he hath concerning God and the Prophet and the Law and the Kible what side one is to turn to in praying to God The Just are to answer Our God is he that hath created all things Our Faith is the Mussulman and Orthodox Faith and the true direction of our Prayers is the Kible Unbelievers not knowing what to answer are condemned to suffer great Pains 2. At the general Resurrection the Good before their entring into Paradise shall drink of certain Fountains so that they shall never thirst again Mahomet's Fountain for him and his Sect shall contain as much space of Ground as one can travel in a Month On the brinks of this Fountain shall be as many lavers as Stars in the Firmament the Water sweeter than Honey and whiter than Milk 3. Their Paradise is thus described 1. 'T is all full of Musk. 2. The Buildings of Gold and Silver Bricks 3. All sorts of Delicious Meats are there 4. Their Cloaths never wear out 5. What any one desires comes ready dress'd to their Hand 6. None subject there to sleep or other Necessities of the Body 7. Divine and Celestial Women and Virgins free from all Incommodities 8. They who once enter never come out again 4. Their Hell-thus 1. Unbelievers shall be Eternally with Devils 2. They shall be Tormented with Serpents bigger than Camels and Scorpions bigger then Mules With Fire also and scalding water 3. When burnt and turn'd to a Coal God shall raise them again for fresh Torments and so never to end 5. Believers dying without Repentance are to be disposed of by God according to his good pleasure some of them are pardon'd others to expiate by their sufferings till released and admitted to Paradise Mahomets Paradise A River of Water Honey Wine Milk God appearing on Fridays Fruits Delicious Dgennet Zlar i.e. Virgins of Paradise with black Eyes white Bodies always young never exceeding 15 red Cheeks Young Boyes to attend with Vials of Liquors Fruits and Fowles Cloaths of Green or Scarlet Silk and Gold Araf i.e. A Place for them who have done neither good nor evil The 6th Gate thro' which they that fear shall enter Paradise 5. Gate 6. Gate 7. Gate Gate of Hell 2. Gate Selzaboul a River of which when they have drunk after their sins are consumed they go to Heaven Zacon a Tree of whose frut they eat which shal burn in their Bellies like fire Chains of 70 〈◊〉 A Well of scalding water of which they drink * Purchas tells out of Bellonius That there is in Paradise a Tree which shadows it all over and spreads her Boughs upon the Walls the Leaves of pure Gold and Silver the Name of God and Mohomet writ on each Leaf That if one of those Virgins of Paradise should come forth at Midnight she would enlighten the World as much as the Sun If she should spit into the Sea all the Water would become sweet That Gabriel keeps the Keys of
Glanvil tells us from the Confession of some Witches that at their Night-Meetings when the Cloth is laid and the Devil set down at the upper end of the Table he useth some words before Meat Jews The Jews spreading their Hands over the Bread say Blessed art thou O Lord God King of the World who bringest Bread out of the Earth then over a Cup of Wine Blessed c. who hast made the Fruit of the Vine over Water no Blessing the 23d Psalm is set before them at Meal time and they have Multitudes of new Graces if any better Dainties be set before them Purchas Forms of Excommunication Jews The Degrees or Kinds of Excommunication are 1. THE Niddui the lowest sort as some think a separation or casting out of the Synagogue for about thirty Days during which time the Party was not to come within four Cubits either of Man or Woman nor to dress or trim himself as at other times yet admitted to instruction and divine Service Might be more severely punished his Son might be denied Circumcision his Dead not buried according to the Contumacy of the Person Excommunicated The Form was this N. Let him be excommunicated 2. The Shammatha the same with Maranatha as some think Mr. Selden thinks 't is the same with Niddui This was a total Exclusion from the Church a blotting them out of the Book of Life and not permitting them the least Communion in things of publick Religion and the word Shammatha they interpret the Coming of the Lord to take Vengeance on the Excommunicate It was never pronounced but when the Offender became desperate 3. The Cherem when the Offender within 30 days gave no sign of Amendment This was so dreadful and direful in our Saviour's time that many principal Jews who believed on Christ durst not confess him for fear of it See the Form By the Decrees of Cities and Command of the Holy we Anathematize adjure exterminate excommunicate curse and execrate God being willing and his Church by the Book of the Law by the 600 Precepts therein written by the Anathema with which Joshua anathematized Jericho by the Curse wherewith Elisha cursed the Young Man by the Curse wherewith Gehezi cursed his Boy and by the Excommunication with which Baruch excommunicated Merozi and by the Excommunication which R. Jehuda Son of Jehezkiel used in this matter and by all the Anathemata Imprecations Curses Excommunications and Exterminations which have been made from the time of our Master Moses and since by the name of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts Michael the great Prince by the name of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master by the name of Sandalipon who ties the bands of the Lord by the name of the 42 Letters by his name who appeared to Moses in the Bush by the name with which Moses divided the Sea by the name I am what I am by the mystery of the name Tetragrammaton by the Scripture that was written upon the Tables by the name of the Lord of Armies Sabath the God of Israel sitting upon the Cherubim By the name of the Spheres and Circles and Living Creatures Saints and Ministring Angels By the name of all the Angels which wait on the most High God Every Israelite and Israelitess who willingly and knowingly violates any of those laws which are now denounced to be observed Let him be Cursed of the God of Israel who sits upon Cherubim Let him be Cursed by the Bright and Glorious name which the High Priest in the day of expiation expresseth with his mouth Let him be Cursed by Heaven and Earth Cursed from Almighty God Cursed of Michael the great Prince Cursed of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master Cursed of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts of the Seraphim and of the Orbs of the Holy Animals and Angels who wait before the most High God of Israel in Holiness and Purity If he was born in the month Nisan which the Angel Vriel as the Prince of the Classes under which it is governs Let him be Cursed of him and all his Order and if in the month Ijar which the Angel Tzephaniel governs let him be Cursed of him and all his order c. Let him be Cursed of the 7 Angels set over the 7 weeks and of all their order and helping power Let him be Cursed of the 4 Angels which govern the 4 Seasons of the year Cursed of the 7 Palaces Cursed of the Princes of the Law by the name of the Crown and the name of the Seal Let him be Cursed of the great God strong and Bright Let him receive Confusion for his embraces Let him fall with swift Ruin Let God the God of Spirits put him under all Flesh Let God the God of Spirits lay him prostrate to all flesh Let the wrath of the Lord and Violent whirlwind fall upon the head of the wicked Let the Destroying Angels run upon him Let him be Cursed in every thing that he puts his hand to Let his Soul depart in Terrour Let him dye of the Quinsey Let not his breath come or go Let him be smitten with a feaver Dryness the Sword Rottenness the Jaundise Neither Let him be deliver'd from them before Destruction Let his sword enter into his own heart And let his Bows be broken Let him be as the dust before the wind and the Angel of the Lord scattering them Upon him shall rest all the Maledictions written in the Book of this Law and the Lord shall blot out his name from under Heaven Also the Lord shall separate him for mischeif out of all the Tribes of Israel to all the Curses of the Covenant written in the book of this Law But you who adhere to the Lord your God are all alive this day He that blessed Abraham Isaac Jacob and Moses and Aaron David and Solomon and the Prophets of Israel and those who are Pious among the Nations let him bless all this Holy Congregation except the man that hath violated this Anathema and so let it be his will and Decree Amen Dr. Addison Prsent state of the Jews in Barbary N. B. Samaritans were Excommunicated by sound of Trumpet and Singing of the Levites Ross Christians Greek A Form of the Greek Excommunication If they restore not to him that which is his own and possess him peaceably of it but suffer him to remain injured and damnifyed Let him be separated from the Lord God Creator and be Accursed and Unpardoned and Undissolvable after Death in this World and in the World to come Let Wood stones and iron be dissolved but not They. May they inherit the Leprosy of Gehazi and the Confusion of Judas may the Earth be divided and devour them like Dathan and Abiram may they Sigh and Tremble on Earth like Cain and the wrath of God be upon their Countenances may they see nothing of that for which they labour and beg their bread all their days may their works possessions and
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his
Womb 70 years without losing her Virginity he exhorted the Grandees to build Hospitals in all Cities Agreeing much with Chacabout in Doctrine Taver Mahometans I Believe 1. That there is but one God and that there is no number in him 2. That Mahomet is the Messenger of God the most excellent and last of all the Prophets That the Christian Religion was to Cease at his Appearance 3. That Jesus Christ was a great Prophet Inspired by the Spirit of God 4. That God is a Being of great Perfection 5. Angels are Executioners of God's Commands without Sex different in Dignity and appointed to several Offices as well in Heaven as Earth 6. Good and Evil only happen because God hath Fore-ordain'd them having writ on a Table from all Eternity things that are and are to be 7. There shall be a general Resurrection of the Dead But before that 1. Anti Mahomet must come 2. Jesus shall come from Heaven to Kill him and Establish Mahometanism 3. Gog and Magog c. 4. A Beast is to come out of Meccha 5. All Living Creatures shall Die Hills fly into the Air the Heavens melt and drop upon the Earth Then shall God renew the Earth and raise the Dead naked but Saints and Prophets clothed and carried by Angels to the Empyrean Heavens 8. The Bad shall suffer Hunger Thirst painful Sweating c. 9. The Pains of the Wicked shall be proportioned to their Merits but shall not last above 50000 years 10. That at the day of Judgment S. Michael with be a Ballance shall weigh the good and bad Actions of Men. 11. They whose good Deeds out-weigh their Bad shall go to Paradise 12. There is a particular Judgment at Death to distinguish the Mussulman from Unbelievers F. Simon out of a Mahometan Dr. Ancient Heathen I Believe in one Supreme God who presides over all the rest who seeth and Governs all things in all places And in as many more Inferior Gods as our Magistrates and Laws shall require us to believe in That the Law of Nature and Reason is the ordinary Rule of our Manners And the Laws of the Nation Of our Religigious Worship That our Souls are Immortal and shall survive our Bodies That they who have defiled themselves with Vice their Souls at Death shall be secluded from the Society of the Gods and be tossed about the Earth but they who have lived well and honestly and have imitated the Lives of the Gods the Souls of these Men shall go to the Stars or Gods from whence at first they came This is extracted especially out of Cicero and Somn. Scip. Diabolical Their Creed is nothing but a Reverse of the Orthodox Faith an open Profession or secret Practice contrary to the Truth which must needs be so pregnant with Blasphemy that it will not be safe to exhibit a Copy of it to common View The Bannyans I Believe that a God of Immense Power Eternal and Provident in the beginning Created the whole World that he made the first Man by Name Pourous and for his Society Created the first Woman Parconty both so innocent that they would not cut any thing that had a Sensitive Life but fed upon Herbs and Fruits that from them sprung two couple of Boys Bramon Cuttery Shuddery and Wise the first a Priest the second a Warrior the third a Merchant the forth a Peasant which Peopled the four Parts of the World but upon their Impiety the World was Destroyed by a Deluge That afterwards upon Mount Meropurbatea God gave the Shaster to Bremaw in Clouds and Lightning for a rule of Living Mr. Hobbes's I Believe that God is Almighty matter that in him are three Persons he having been thrice represented on Earth that it is to be decided by the Civil Power whether he Created All things else That Angels are not Incorporeal Substances but preternatural Impressions on the Brain of Man that the Soul of Man is the Temperament of his Body that the very Liberty of Will in that Soul is Physically necessary that the Prime Law of Nature in the Soul of Man is Self-Love that the Law of the Civil Soveraign is the only obliging Rule of Just and Unjust that the Books of the Old and New Testament are not made Canon and Law but by the Civil Powers that what is written in these Books may be denied upon Oath in times of Persecution That Hell is a tolerable condition of Life for a few years upon Earth to begin at the general Resurrection and that Heaven is a blessed Estate of good Men like that of Adam before his Fall beginning at the general Resurrection to be from thence-forth Eternal upon Earth in the Holy Land Dr. Tenison Precepts or Commands Mahometan THeir Law is divided into eight Precepts or Commandments 1. There is but one God and his Prophet Mahomet 2. Children must be Dutiful to their Parents 3. Neighbours must Love each other 4. They must Pray five times every day 5. A Lent of thirty days is to be kept every year 6. They must be Charitable and give Alms to the Poor 7. Every one must Marry by twenty five years of Age. 8. They must abstain from Murder Pacquet broke open vol. 2. F. Simon makes Five Articles thus 1. There is one God 2. Mahomet is his Messenger 3. They must be exact in Prayers and Alms-deeds 4. And in the Fast of Ramazan 5. And in their Pilgrimage to Mecha Bannyans Their Moral Law hath eight Commandments most of which agree with the Seven which R. Solomon saith Noah taught the World in his time called Noah-Cady 1. Thou shalt not destroy any living Creature for thou and it are both my Creatures 2. Thou shalt not sin in thy five Senses Eyes not beholding Vanity Ears stopt in hearing Evil Tongue uttering no Filthiness Pallat hating Wine Flesh and all live things Hands abhoring all things defiled 3. Thou shalt duly observe set times of Devotion as Praying Washing Elevation Prostration c. 4. Thou shalt not Lie nor Dissemble 5. Thou shalt not be hard-hearted but helpful to others 6. Thou shalt not Oppress nor Tyrannize 7. Thou shalt observe certain Festivals and Fasting days 8. Thou shalt not Steal Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia out of their Shaster Persees 1. For Behedens or Lay-men 1. Cherish Modesty 2. Cherish Fear 3. Premeditate what you are to do if bad reject it if good c. 4. Let every day's object move to thankfulness 5. Pray daily to the Sun and nightly to the Moon 2. For the Herboods Daroos or Priests Besides those of the Beheden which they are to observe 1. Be constant to the form of Worship in the Zundavastaw 2. Covet not what is another man's 3. Abhor Lies 4. Be not worldly minded 5. Learn the Zundavastaw by rote 6. Keep your selves free from Pollution 7. Teach the Laity how to Comport themselves in Adoration 8. License Matrimony 9. Be frequent at Church 10. Forgive Injuries 11. Upon pain of Life Eternal
begin the first day the Moon appears which they watch for upon Hills at Night Upon notice Ramadan is proclaimed all the Town over by publick Proclamation and firing a Gun All the Minarets are set round with Lamps every Night Days are turned into Nights and Nights into Days for all day long they sleep and at Night walk the Streets to Coffee-houses and Revels In the Day they may not eat drink smoak Tobacco nor touch their Wives till the Moon appear again at Night which the Muezims calling to Prayers tell them from the tops of the Minarets The Ramadan falls back every year eleven days Some observe this very strictly some not at all The Punishment for drinking Wine in the Ramadan is to have scolding Lead poured down the Throat and it hath been sometimes done M. de Thevenot Turks-Romezan Thirty Days Ramazan the 21st is the feast of the death of Aly on which day they go in Procession through the Town with Standard Horses lead Trophies a black Coffin c. Prayers c. Idem The Priest in blew Habit the Persians Mourning reads for two hours and curses them that killed Haly and the People answer with Sobs and a doleful Voice c. D. of Holst Emb. Ancient Heathen Apr. 1. Veneris Sacrum with Flowers and Myrtle Thargelia to Apollo and Diana 5. Megalesia to the Mother of the Gods 9. Cerealia People run up and down with lighted Torches in their Hand in remembrance of Ceres running up and down the World to seek her Daughter Proserpina 15. Fordicidia vel Fordicalia de Forda Bove 18. Equiria in Circ Max. and the burning of Foxes 21. Palilia Agonia altera 23. Vinalia priora to Jove and Venus 25. Rubigalia lest the Corn should be smutted hiRogation Week 26. Latinae Feriae 27. Apaturia to Venus which lasted three days 28. Floralia which lasted three days The Rites used very obscene and infamous running naked c. The Whores called together by a Trumpet 30. Larentalia May 9. Lemuria three days kept by Night At this time they flung Beans about the Houses to drive away the Goblins Moderh Heathen Petusahan on the 26th of Sheruar or April a Festival of the Persees kept in Commemoration of some monthly Benefit Sir Th. Herb. In May the Feast of Vitzliputzli was observed in New Spain with carrying the Image of the Idol richly adorned in Procession with Musick and many Ceremonies and Sacrisicing of Men. Rosse In thie Month also in the same Country was kept the Feast of Penance and Pardon in which a Captive was sacrificed Rosse This is a kind of Lent celebrated thus The Priest came out with a Flute of Earth sounding it towards East West North and South putting his Finger in the Air then taking up the Earth and eating it all that were present doing the same weeping falling flat on the ground invocating the Darkness and Winds not to forsake them or else to take away their Lives Thieves Murderers and Adulterers being in great dread while the Flute sounded which lasted ten days attended with eating Earth praying every day to God the Creator the Sun c. with Sighs Groans and Tears Procession Offerings c. Purchas 3. In Sivan May and June Jewish 2. PEntecost or the Feast of Weeks Consider 1. The Time viz. the 50th day after the Passover their Harvest being bounded with these two Feasts Note The next Sabbath after the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the second day of the Passover was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the second 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. 2. The Celebration At this Feast they offered two Wave-loaves as an Eucharist for their Harvest finished 3. The Name The Hebrews call it Schebungoth Now they keep two Holy-days at Pentecost because they know not which is the true day They produce their Law twice and by five Men they read so much as concerns that Festivity They strow their Houses Streets Synagogues with green Boughs and wear green Garlands to shew that all Places about Mount Sinai were green when they received the Law they eat that day white Meats of Milk to shew the whiteness and sweetness of the Law They make a Cake or Pye having seven Cakes in one to signifie the seven Heavens into which GOD ascended from Mount Sinai Rosse 23. A Fast They left off to bring the First-born and First-fruits to Jerusalem in the days of Jeroboam the Son of Nebat Scalig. 25. A Fast. Rabban Simeon Son of Gamaliel R. Ismael R. Hanania the second is slain by the High-Priests Idem 27. A Fast. R. Hanina Son of Tardion is burnt together with the Book of the Law Ancient Christian Whitsunday Observe 1. The Occasion or End viz. The descent of the Holy Ghost 2. The Time Fifty days after Easter 3. The Antiquity V. Act. 2. 20. v. 16. 'T is mentioned by Irenaeus V. Just M. Qu. 115. by Tertullian de Idol c. 14. 4. The Name so called from the Light of the Holy Ghost c. Also from the white Garments given to the Baptized on this day this day and Easter being the stated times for Baptism in token of the purity of Life they engaged in worn till next Sunday the Octave called Dominica in Albis Note Pentecost signifies sometime the whole fifty days between Easter and Whitsunday all which time was allowed for Baptism 5. The Works and Offices Baptism Reading over the Acts of the Apostles Prayers standing Fasting forbidden all the fifty days Dr. Cave's Primitive Christianity Chiestuie Swetaga Ducha Pentecost or sending of the Holy Ghost a Feast of the Muscovites also who observe The Feast of the Trinity the next day after Mahometan Persian-Ajar Thirty one days Biram or Easter immediately succeeds the Ramadan viz. The great Bairam which lasts three days beginning with the first appearance of this Moon In it they forgive all their Enemies thinking they have made a bad Easter if they keep any Malice in their Heart It is the greatest Festival the Turks have celebrated with Swings in the Street to toss People in the Air with Vocal and Instrumental Musick When they meet any of their Acquaintance in the Streets they kiss and wish mutually a good Easter Ancient Heathen May 15. Mercatorum dies Festus 21. Agonia Now as some say 23. Vulcani feriae Vulcan's High-Priest performed divine Service to Maia Jun. 1. Marti Sacr. Jun. 3. Bellonae Sacr. Jun. 7. Piscatorii Ludi Modern Heathen From May 9. till May 19. in Acosta's time was kept the Feast of Tezcalipuca called Tozcolt in Mexico of which before Yatrum a Feast of the Persees kept on the 26th of Mahar or May. 4. In Tamuz June and July Jewish 17. A Fast The Tables of the Law broken This day the Jews account unlucky not only because of the Tables being broken but the Siege begun upon this day by Nebuchadnezzar The three whole Weeks following viz. in the dog-Dog-days the Jews abstain from Flesh and Wine and undertake no hard Work Alsted Epistemon burns the
or Sphara the Ball. Discus the Quoite Harpastum Halteres throwing the Bar c. Petaurum the Wheel Trochus the Top. Par Impar Even and Odd Children Plays Note That at such Games especially as were instituted in honour of the Gods they began and ended with Sacrificing to the respective Divinities Galtruch l. 3. c. 6. Christians Lyra out of Hostiensis reckons up Nine Circumstances all deadly Sins for which he Condemns the Game of Dice Lyra ad Praecep 7. Expos 3. Concerning which as also concerning Quoites Bowling Tennis Cards Tables Chesse consult Gattaker in his very learned Treatise of the Nature and Vse of Lots who cites many Testimonies of Authors Laws and Canons concerning them and determines very judiciously of the Use of them Concerning Hunting Vid. Concil Agathense Epaunense Decret Nicolai Papae Episcopi ab omnium bestiarum vel volucrum venatione penitus alieni c. D. 34. C. 1. De Spectaulis Theatri Vid. Augustini Confessiones Carruzae Sum. Concil Mahometans Alamin a Turkish Chalif mightily addicted to Drink and Gaming when Bagdad the Seat of the Empire was besieged by Taher his Brother Almamon's General was playing at Chesse Ludo Schachico and being admonished about it made answer Let me alone Jam enim apparuit mihi contra Cutherum famulum Schamat i. e. perplexum esse Regem and at last being worsted in the Siege made his escape by swimming over into a Garden wherein he ended his Life with a Stab Hottinger Mutazzus another Chalif given over to Drink and Chesse having first abdicated the Chalif-ship died afterward in a Cave where neither Meat nor Drink was allowed him for three days Idem Muhammed Abu Abdalla Muhtadis Billa forbid the use of Wine Singers and Jesters commanded Fortune-tellers to be banished and drove away Lions and Hunting-dogs Idem See more in the Chapter of Frugality Saints Jewish NOt to mention Abraham whom they boasted with a loud voice for their Father nor the rest of the Patriarchs and Prophets they have other Rabbies or Doctors of a later Date which they have a mighty Veneration for As 1. Simeon the Just or Hazzadik 312 Years before our Saviour 2. Sadoc his Successor who lived under Antigonus Sochaus and who gave Name as some think to the Sadducees 3. Baithos who was his Fellow-Scholar and gave Denomination to the Baithoseans 4. Hellel and Sammai Doctors of the Pharisees 5. Judas a Galilean from whom came the Galileans or Gaulonites whose Doctrine was That only God was to be accounted their Lord and Prince 6. Rechab 7. Elxai a Rabbi of the Ossens esteemed by his Followers a secret Virtue or Power c. 8. Marthus and Marthana two Women of the same Stock Successors of Elxai and Heirs of his Honour worshipped in Iturea and about the Dead Sea for Gods Purchas out of Epiphanius The Sampseans had Elxai and his Posterity in such honour that if they went abroad the People would gather up the Dust of their Feet for Cures as also their Spittle and used them for Amulets and Preservatives Idem 9. Simon of whom the Simonians 10. Cleobins of whom the Cleobians 11. Dositheus of whom the Dositheans a Sect of Samaritans 12. Gortheus Masbotheus c. of whom the Gortheans and Masbotheans c. To these may be added many others which they had in great esteem As 13. Rabbi Akkiba famous for his Wisdom for his 24000 Scholars and for his long Life 14. R. Schelomoh Jarchi a French-man 15. R. Nathan Baal Aruch who wrote the Talmud Lexicon 16. Rambam so called from the initial Letters of R. Mosche Barmaimon 17. Aben Ezra that wrote upon the whole Bible 18. R. David and Mosche Kimchi Brethren and learned Grammarians 19. R. Joseph Molchu Burnt at Mantua for endeavouring to perswade his Religion upon Charles the 5th and other Great Persons c. Papists Amongst the Papists are many Canonized for Saints and to give a List and History of them all would take up a Volume I shall therefore only give my Reader a short Scheme of some of them with the particular Vertues and Offices appropriated to them Places S. James for Spain S. Denys for France S. George for England and Germany S. David for Wales S. Patrick for Ireland S. Peter and Paul for Rome S. Ambrose for Milan S. Mark for Venice Three Kings for Colen Arts. S. Gregory and S. Catharine for Scholars S. Luke for Painters S. Cosmus and S. Damianus for Physicians S. Eulogius for Smiths S. Crispin and Crispianus for Shoe-makers S. Guiman for Taylors S. Guare for Potters S. Eustachius for Hunters S. Magdalen and S. Afra for Whores Diseases S. Sebastian and Roch for the Plague S. Flaccius for the French Pox. S. Petronella for the Feaver S. Wolfgang for Contractions S. Mark for Suddain Death S. Valentine for the Falling-Sickness S. Margaret for Child-birth S. Leonard for Captives S. John and Benet for Poyson S. Anastasius for the Head-ach S. Otilia for Sore Eyes S. Apollonia for the Tooth-ach S. Blase for the Neck S. Erasmus for the Belly S. Briccius for the Privities Cattle S. Wandline for Sheep S. Eulogius for Horses S. Pelagius for Kine S. Antony for Swine Fruits c. S. Judocus for Fruits S. Vrban for Wine Elements S. Agatha For the Fire S. Nicholas for the Sea S. Valesian and S. Theodore for Tempests Besides these they have innumerable others All the Apostles Martyrs Confessors Monks Hermits Nuns as many of them at least as were Eminent in their Generations for real or pretended Excellencies as S. Antony S. Giles S. Christopher S. Fabian S. Dominick S. Francis S. Ignatius Loyala c. S. Gertrude S. Bridget S. Clare S. Winifride c. As the Pantheon served the old Romans for all the Gods so the Papists have converted the same to the Service of all-Saints under the Name of S. Mary And because they are so many that there could not be allowed particular Churches and Days for them therefore in that Church on the First of November is celebrated the Memory of them all together When I was in Britain I saw S. Thomas Becket's Tomb laden with innumerable Jewels and of very great Value beside a great deal of Wealth Erasmus Muscovites 1. S. Nicolas is their Great Tutelar Saint which is the same I think with him they call Nicholas Sudatwiritz who hath writ certain spiritual Treatises for whose Memory the Muscovites had so great a Veneration that not long since they lighted Wax-Candles before his Picture for which they had built a particular Chappel in the great Street at Moscou which leads to Twere-gate but 't was destroyed lately by Fire D. of Holstein 's Emba Trav. 2. S. Anthony of whom they say that he came from Rome into those parts down the Tiber and cross the Sea upon a Milstone and so to Novogrod where they shew the Milstone to this day that by the way he bargained with certain Fisher-men for the first draught of Fishes which proved to be a
chest full of Priests Vestments to say Mass in Books and Money belonging to the Saints and that afterwards he built a Chappel there in which they say he lies interr'd and that his Body is there to be seen as intire as when he departed this world Travels of the D. of Holstein 's Embass p. 38. They have an infinite number of Saints besides The Priest at Baptism assigns every Child a particular Saint whose Image he delivers to the God-fathers and charges them to oblige the Child when he is come to years of discretion to have a particular Devotion for his Patron Idem Those who commit Sins deserving Excommunication are oblig'd to have their Saint taken away even out of their Churches as well as their Persons Great Persons and rich Merchants adorn their Images with Pearls and other precious Stones Idem All Muscovites look upon them as things so necessary that without Images they cannot say their Prayers which when-ever they do they always set Wax-Candles before their Saint and look stedfastly upon him Idem At first coming into a House the Guest always looks for the Saint with a Jest le Boch i. e. Where is the God And then he makes a very low reverence to it with a Gospodi Pommilui i. e. Lord have mercy upon me and then turns to the Guests Idem Armenians 1. S. Gregory 2. A Princess That came with 40 Virgins of Quality to visit S. Gregory whom afterwards an Armenian King caused to be thrown into a Well of Serpents where she lived 14 Years and received no harm and from that time to this they say that Serpents that breed thereabouts are not hurtful Monsieur Tavernier l. 1. c. 4. There is a Church dedicated to her in Egmiasin Idem Abissinians The Abissines reckon up nine Monks or Religious Persons more famous than others that came out of the Roman or Greek Empire probably out of the Neighbouring parts of Egypt who seated themselves in Tygra and there erected their Chappels but their Names were all changed except that of Pentaleontes they are number'd in this Order 1. Abba Aragawi otherwise called Michael of whom one of their Poets thus Peace be to Michael Aragawi nam'd Wisdom his Life his Death true Prudence fam'd With him was God the Holy Three in One To all those Saints an Everlasting Crown Why by their Prayers true Concord did enjoy That they might Arwe 's Kingdom quite destroy i.e. The Serpents for the Ethiopians worshipp'd a Serpent as supream 2. Abba Pantaleon 3. Abba Garima 4. Abba Alef 5. Abba Saham 6. Abba Afe 7. Abba Likanos 8. Abba Adimata 9. Abba or otherwise called Abba Guba There are to be seen still the Cells where these Holy Men sequestred themselves by the names of Beta Pentaleon Saint Pentaleon's House c. Besides these there are several other Great Doctors who have higly merited for propagating the Christian Religion as also many Martyrs frequently celebrated by the Ethiopians and Copticks in their relgious Panegyricks But as to their Saints they relate of them several things extraordinary and incredible as The removing Mountains Appeasing the rage of tempestuous Seas Raising the Dead Causing Water to spring out of Rocks Walking over Rivers Riding upon Dragons and Lyons as on Horses Giving their whole Raiment to the distressed Living three whole days on three little Dates or one little dry Bisket But none more Renowned for his Sanctity then Gabra-Menfus-Keddus or the Servant of the Holy Ghost in honour of whom they keep a Holy-day every Month. Next to him is Tecla Haimonot or the Plant of Faith who restored the Monastical way of living in Ethiopia about A. C. 600. Job Ludolph's Hist of Ethiopia Concerning this Man mention is made in their Church Registers thus Remember Lord the Soul of thy Servant Tecla Haimonot and all his Companions No less esteem'd is Eustathius another Abbot of theirs c. Idem Mahometans The Mahometans especially the Persians have many Religious or rather Superstitious Santoes amongst them 1. Some who go stark naked Vid. Sorrow for Sin 2. Some who eat Serpents 3. Some who wear great Turbans c. 4. Some who spend whole Nights in Praying and Singing v. Praise 5. The most noted are the Dervises who live in Common and have their Superiors as our Religious mean in their Apparel wearing on their Heads a Cap of white Felt like our Night-Caps Every Tuesday and Friday they make a Dance pretty pleasant to see in a great Hall which is their Mosque the middle whereof is railed in square leaving a space all round for them that are without within the Enclosure is the Keble where are two Pulpits joyned together on a Foot-stool into the one goes the Superiour turning his Back to the South and his Vicar into the other over against them at the other end of the Hall without the Rails are the other Dervises playing on Flutes and Drums after some Prayers sung together the Superior reads a little of the Alcoran explained in Turkish then the Vicar a few words of the Alcoran in Arabic which serve as a subject for the Superior to make a Discourse upon afterwards in Turkish after Sermon the Superior and Vicar and the rest of the Dervises take two turns about the Hall while one sings some Verses of the Alcoran in a pleasant tone after that all their Instruments play in consort and then the Dervises begin their Dance they pass before their Superior salute him humbly then making a Leap fall a turning round with their naked Feet their Left Foot serving for a spindle they turn without weariness tho' sometimes old Men this is done to the sound of Drums and Flutes The Author of this Dance was one Hezreti Mewlana a Derviso reckon'd a Saint among them M. de Thev Many other sorts of Santoes they have Enough in Egypt to man out several Gallies Idem Formerly a Turkish Basha sent several of these lazy Lubbards to the Gallies for the Turks have no such great Esteem for them Dead Santoes are interr'd upon the High-ways and on Bridges and when the Moors find any of their Sepulchres they ask leave of the Saints within to go that way The chief of the dead Santoes in Egypt is Sidi Ahmet el Bedoni buried at Meniteganir in the Isle of Delta in Egypt near Rosetto where People that come to the Fair on July one 9th pray at his Grave and perform his Devotion This Saint they say never knew Woman only lay with his own She-Ass They say also that a certain Basha offering to take away his Privileges the Saint entreated him but not prevailing he turn'd up his Cap a little that the point might encline to one side Thou wilt not then said he to the Basha let me enjoy my Priviledge the Basha answer'd No This was done three times his Cap and the Basha's Castle turning still side-ways till at last the Basha in a great fright assured him that he would preserve his Priviledges Idem At the Fair