esteemed of which contains under ANTONINUS AUGUSTUS his Name the waies and Iourneys of all the Provinces of the Roman Empire which yeildeth to us an income of so wonderfull Profit that it affords most clear light to Strabo Pomponius Mela Pliny most excellent Authors in the explication of the whole World as it were in great darkness So far Robert Talbot Out of the Preface of the famous man Andrew Schot set before Antoninu's Edition of Surita at Coleyn M. DC IX Rutilius Numatianus afforded us his Itinerary in Elegiack Verses but Antonius or whether he is Antoninus Augustus in bare name which in a Land Journey and military way and march the Roman Captains made use of of which kind we see some in Italy and fewer in Spain used by Passengers where at this day they are carried on horses which are appointed for speed But for Itinerary Tables which are very usefull in matter of War Fl. Vegetius is to be seen lib. III. De re Militari cap. VI. Of what kind of Military Tables the famous man Mark Velfâ—…r one of the seven Magistrates of the Common-Wealth of Auspurg very well deserving of all Antiquity lately found out in the Library of Conrade Peutinger a noble man there and also adorned with Scholia's or Notes But Ortelius our friend the Prince of Geographers set forth all of it also cut into Brass by the Printing of Iohn Moret in which kind I think nothing of ancient Monuments to be extant either to be preferred or comparable to it I can bring nothing of certainty concerning the Writer Onely thus much That this Itinerary may seem to be written by some learned Measurer of Land well acquainted with the places but afterwards who by the command of some Emperour it is likely after Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius for good lucks sake retained the Sirname and publickly took the name and authority of Antoninus Augustus although most old Books have Antonii perhaps by the usuall fault of the Transcribers whereby they often confound Constantius and Constantinus Ierome Surita a very learned Spaniard prefers this Work to Antoninus the Son of Severus by reason of the mention of certain places of BRITAIN but Critiques contend and the strife is still before the Judge Now it appears that such an Itinerary was composed for the Captains and Souldiers with the Proconsulls and Pretors marching into the Provinces least they should mistake their way and fall into ambushes mistaking the right way How necessary these Itineraries were Fl. Vegetius is the Author and St. Ambrose in his Sermon upon the CXVIII Psalm Now the way did not alwaies lead strait as at this day but wheeling about yet more beaten and safe which are called by Ammianus the Kings High-way and the Souldiers way and wonted Journeys Concerning High-waies Galen the Prince of Physicians is to be seen lib. IX cap. VIII Methodius Procopius in the beginning of the second Book de bello Persico He writes I believe that the City Strata was so called by the Romans from the Military way which they called Strata It remains that the account of my undertaking may appear for this was principally intended while I searchd forth the Notes of Ierome Surita a learned man upon the Itinerary of Augustus which lay hidden in the dark Out of John Annius of Viterbium Antoninus Pius Caesar Augustus wrote an Itinerary Now the Itineraties which we have now are not Antoninus's but collected perhaps out of some fragments of some former to which many things added many things diminished more things changed an argument whereof you have two Fragments for the first Fragment it belongs to the Preface but to this which we have in our hands belongs no Preface besides the common ones use no miles which the Italians alone do use Again the common ones make use of the succession of Townes because you have described all the Journeys of the World in all Nations which succession of Townes is without miles whence it appears that Florence was not in the time of Antoninus by which it appears that these vulgar Books are not all of Antoninus but that there is a great corruption of the Book by men in after times through addition and diminution procured by private mens doings Out of John Leland Antiquary under Henry the eighth Antoninus lived in the times of Constantine the Great for he mentions Constantinopolis Dioclesianopolis Maximinopolis so unlikely it is that Antoninus the Emperour wrote the Itinerary which goes about commonly in his name Out of the excellent Doctor Usher in his learned Book which he hath Intituled De Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis pag. 78. Hence also in the Itinerary to which the ordinary Books give the title of Antoninus Flodoardus of Aethicus but the old MS. of Scotus Roma Romani Hence came those words Russian Rumney used by the old Britains and others Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas Great alterations grow by length of Time Out of William Harrisons second Edition in the same place A LIMITE ID EST A VALlo praetorio usque M. P. CLVI sic ABramenio Corstopitum M. P. XX. Vindomora M P. IX 5. Viconia M. P. XIX Vinovia Vinovium Cataractoni M. P. XXII Isurium M. P. XXIV 8. Eburacum legio VI. Victrix M. P. XVII Derventione M. P. VII Delgovitia M. P. XIII Praetorio M. P. XXV ITEM A VALLO AD PORtum Ritupis M. P. CCCC LXXXI 491. sic Ablato Bulgio castra exploratorum M. P. X. 15. alias a Blato Lugu-vallo M. P. XII alias a Lugu-valio Cairletl Voreda M. P. XIV Wrderad Brovonacis M. P. XIII Bravoniacis Burgham Verteris M. P. XX. 13. Wharton Lavatris M. P. XIV Lowthier Cataractone M. P. XVI Caturractonium Grynton Gritobrioge Isuriam M. P. XXIV Isoriam Eburacum M. P. XVIII Eboracum Calcaria M. P. IX Cacaria Helcaster Camboduno M. P. XX. Camborough Mammuncio M. P. XVIII Manucio Standish Condate M. P. XVIII 39. Deva legio XXIII CI. M. P. XX. Bovio M. P. X. 44. Bonio Mediolano M. P. XX. Rutunio M. P. XII Urio Conio M. P. XI Viroconium Uxacona M. P. XI Penno-Crucio M. P. XII Etoceto M. P. XII Utoxeter Utceter Touceter Mandues Sedo M P. XVI Mansfield Venonis M. P. XII Colewestford Bever Wansford Benna venta M. P. XVII Banna venta Lactorodo M. P. XII Lactodoro Maginto M. P. XVII 12. Magiovintum Stonystratford Duro-Cobrivis M. P. XII Dunstable Vero-Lamio M P. XII S. Albans Sullomacis M. P. IX Barnet Shelney between S. Stephens and Ilshe Longidinio M. P. XII Londini London Noviomago M. P. X. Leusham Vagniacis M. P. XVIII Maidston Durobrovis M. P. IX Duroprovis Rochester Durolevo M. P. XVI 13. Sittingborne Talb. Duror-Verno M P. XII Droverno Duroverno Durarvenno Darverno Ad portum Ritupis M. P. XII ITEM A LONDINIO AD portum Dubris M. P. LVI 66. sic Dubobrus M. P. XXVII Durobrovis Durobrius Durarvenno M. P. XV. 25. Ad portum Dubris M. P. XIV Dover haven ITEM A LONDINIO AD
palatio fecit diaetas nominis Mammaae quas imperitum vulgus Ad Mammam vocant Servius the Enarrator of Virgil Porticum Augustus fecerat in qua simulacra omnium gentium conlocaverat quae porticus appellatur Ad Nationes Certainly before the age Suetonius lived in we observe not any such Notations of the names of places Robert Talbot Prebend of Norwich who in our Fore-fathers dayes writ Annotations upon this Itinerary thought this AD ANSAM to be Catwad-Bridge in the Borders of Suffolk where Stour the River dividing Essex making a little Island which yet we know onely by the Testimony of William Fulk whose later Interpreta ions of the old Cities of Eritain we owe to the singular humanity of that incomparable man Iames Usher sometime Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland for in two Copies which I have my selfe hapned to see of Talbots Book no such matter appears to be seen Then there is a greater diverticulum and farther distance from Camulodunum then that the Compendium of this Journey can any way suffer it In William Camden in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his great Work we see Ithamcester put for this place yet after second cares he thinks it was some place neer about Cogges-hall out of whose ruines it might seem to have had birth and increase Truly the distance may seem to perswade it for that the Romans sometimes possessed these parts an Hypogaeum or Grot with arched work opened not long since by the Roadside is sufficient argument There was a Lamp yet burning still in a glasse Viall covered with a Roman Tile whose Diameter was fourteen inches There were also some Urnes or Crocks which contained in them ashes and bones Amongst them there was one of a polite and most fine substance resembling rather Corall then red earth and had the Cover thereof inscribed COCCILLIM Perhaps for COCCILLI M. That is Coccilli Manibus Iohn Weever indeed no unlearned Antiquary saith That his conjecture was that this was the monument of some Governour who in Antoninus Pius his dayes held these places under his command that he writes the more confidently because there were found many of his coynes advising us moreover more seriously to observe the great affinity or neernesse of both these names Coccilli and Cogges-hall as which had in them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to borrow Strabo's words no small force of perswasion so that from this Coccilus the old Town may seem to have received its name remainders of which seem visibly to continue yet in the present one even at this day Meric Casaubon Is. F. in his most learned Notes upon Marcus Antoninus the Emperor his Books that Sireno-Phoenix of better Phylosophy procured it to be set forth in this manner Sometimes it was my conjecture that for Ad Ansam we were to read Ad Arcam Now this Arca was a Monument also such as they set up in the borders of fields and observed them for Termini or Limets These Arcae finales were ut plurimum sepulchrales and served to interr the dead sometime they were only placed ad siniendos Agros that is to limit mens ground Hence it is that we read in an old Glossarii Arcae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 More may be seen in Frontinus and the other Agrimensores or Surveyors of Land That Ara were antiently in Varro called â—…nsae quod esset necessarium à sacrificantibus eas teneri might perhaps have been let alone unobserved here CAMULODUNUM M. P. VI. before fifteen hundred years this was a noble Town of Britain among the Trinobantes There make mention of it besides an antient stone whose Inscription Onuphrius first published antient Coyns and Authors too Plinie Tacitus Dio Cassius Antoninus and Ptolem us But there is no small difference about the writing of the name while some will have the second syllable written by the first vowel by A. following especially the stone and sometime too the Coyns and yet he seems willing to deduct the name from a peculiar Deity or Indigena among them which Camden saies he durst not suspect But if as he saith Mars were worshipped by them under the name of Camulus then may the deduction hold good and Camulodunum be interpreted The hill of Mars so that there will be the same reason of name which was of the Areopagus at Athens The Inscription runs thus CAMULO SANC FOR TISS. SAC and the habit thereof is martial the name remaining in Caesar in that of the famous and antient Gaul Camulogenus Aulercus Ptolemy hath its name much corrupted by the strange transposition of Letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Camudolanum among the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for so he calls the Trinobantes in Tacitus This need seem strange to no body seing that not only in him but in many other antient Authors the like â—…jections do frequently happen For I could produce many such luxations of whole verses and periods out of Virgil Manilius Tibullus Proper sins and others observed by learned men if I had a minde to it However we will not say that Ptolemy writ it so though we find it in his most antient Copies I and in the Palatine too and yet Lhuyd seems to think so while he conjectures that the last syllables of this name come from Lan which with the Britains was as much as Fanum or a Temple For saith he Loca quae à Latinis in Lan desinunt vel incipiunt olim à Fanis Brittannice dicta fuisse credo Which although it may be true in other names yet here it seems to have no place Therefore after so many Testimonies of the Antients concerning the name of this place we will leave out all fond and futile conjectures it being neither the part of a knowing man to devise them nor of a wise man to admit of them CVNO CAMV CVNO CAMV CLAVD·CAES·AVG·GER·PM·â—â—â—IMP 〈…〉 COL CAMALODON AUG On the one part you have the Effigies of Claudius Caesar The other Servius will best of all explain Romani saith he condituri civitates taurum in dextra vaccam intrinsecus jungebant cincti ritu Gabiuo i. e. togae parte caput velati parte succincti tenebant stivam incurvam ut glebae omnes intrinsecus caderent Et ita sulco ducto loca murorum designabant aratrum suspendentes cira loca portarum But in an antient stone it is called Colonia Victricensis quae in Britannia Camu'oduni and in the very same Cives Romani of this place are mentioned The whole Inscription according as Gruter published it out of Onuphrius is thus CN MUNATIUS M. F. PAL AURELIUS BASSUS PROC AUG PRAEF FABR. PRAEF COH III. SAGITTARIOR PRAEF COH II ASTURUM CENSITOR CIVIUM ROMANORUM COLONIAE VICTRICENSIS QUAE EST IN BRITANNIA CAMALODUNI CURATOR VIAE NOMENTANAE PATRONUS EJUSDEM MUNICIPI FLAMEN PERPETUUS DUUMVIRALI POTESTATE AEDILIS DEDICATOR IIII. Camden thinks that it was called Colonia Victricensis because of the old Souldiers of the
qui sequuntur nec dextrà nec sinistrâ à praescripto itinere declinant meritoque non deficit qui imperatorem suum sequitur Moderatè enim ambulat quia imperator non quod sibi utile sed quod omnibus possibile considerat idâ—…o siativa ordinat triduò ambulat exercitus quarto requiescit die Eliguntur civitates in quibus triduum quatriduum plures interponantur dies si aquis abundant commerciis frequentantur ita sine labore consicitur iter donec ad eam urbem perveniatur quae quasi regalis eligitur in qua fâ—…ssis exercitibus requies ministratur I will not be farther troublesome by translating onely instead thereof observe that Itineraria among the ancient Latines are in Greek Writers called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. The Discriptions or Annotations of Mansions particularly in Strabo more then in one place Divers Grecians have set forth Books inscribed simply 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Eastern Countries As Amyntas mentioned by Athenaeus and Aelian with others Their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were the Roman Mansions the one borrowing the name from a word that signifies to stand the other from a word that signifies to stay manere which most anciently signified as much as Cubare to lye or rest all night Sometimes in long Journeys I mean they reckoned not so much by the number of miles between Mansion and Mansion as by the number of the Mansions themselves which we learn by this old Inscription Martina chara conjux quae venit de Gallia per Mansiones L. Ut commemoraret memoriam mariti sui Bene qu'eseas duleissime mi Marite They called them also Stationes The Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eustathius interprets by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which word the Greek Lawyers and later Historians do constantly render the Latine Mansio which contained in it usually some three or four Mutations although the ancient Hierosolymitane Itinerary hath not most and end for every Mansion above two Mutationes by which word the Writers after Constantines age signified as well the Post-horses themselves as the set places where they were kept and provided for the use of the Empire I may add here likewise that in the same age Itinerarium signified the charge given in token the Army was presently to march Itinerarium sonare lâ—…tuos jubet being in Ammianus l. 24. just as much as is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Pollux But to have spoken so much concerning Itineraries and Mansions by way of Preface to the whole will be thought sufficient if not more then enough BRITANNIARUM Britanniarum here in the plural number is not so to be understood as if thereby were meant all those British Islands which by one general name were called Britanniae according to that of Pliny Albion ipsi nomen fuit cùm Britanniae vocarentur omnes But by an Archivism or antick manner of speaking we must take it for the greatest among them containing in it at this day England Wales and Scotland and named as he saies to difference it from the others Albion that by Aristotle or Theophrastus or who ever was the Author of that Book Of the World Apulâ—…ius the Translator thereof Marcianus Heracleota and Eustathius following Ptolomie in his Geography for in his Mathematicall or Great Syntaxis which the Arabians call the Almagest it is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Great Britain to distinguish it from Ireland which there also he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 if at least the same Ptolemie be Author of both works which I see some have questioned but certainly without cause as Sir H. Savile thought There are examples enough for this manner of speaking to be found both in later and more ancient Writers but the names of Provinces were especially so expressed as well in Prose as Poets In Propertius Dic alias iterum navigat Illyrias Let him once more other Illyria's find Solinus of the best Edition Graecias cogitamus And the Grecians themselves seem to have used it to confirme which as Homer H' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And this Verse of Euripides is urged also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Ilanders and Europe afar of For certainly he means Europe which not onely in Holy Writ is described by the Isles of the Gentiles but in Plutarch also the Inhabitants there are called Insulares or Ilanders As for Britain in particular these places out of the learned Catullus may be sufficient Hunc Galliae timent timent Britanniae Let him the Gauls fear and the Britains too And again Mavult quam Syrias Britanniasque Rather then th' Syrians or the British Stem Neither may we possibly imagine that by this Plurall expression any division of Britain into smaller Provinces is meant in this place such as that Quadripartite in Sextus or rather Festus Rusus Camden in naming but three out him was deceived by a false Copy into Maxima Caesariensis Flavia Caesariensis Britannia prima and Britannia secunda of which division they make Constantine the Author Or into five Provinces afterward by Valentinian adding Valentia in honour of his Brother Valens namely Britannia I. Britannia II. Maxima Caesariensis Flavia Caesariensis For both these you see were of later time Neither may we understand that partion of it which we find in Dion Cassius into the Higher or neerer part of the Province and Lower or more remote and Northern called Britanniae pars interior in Caesars language except any one have a mind to read interior in that place which would not indeed so well answer to maritima by which he distinguishes the neerer part and known to the Romans but would better agree with Dio's expression according to whose division we read in Herodian also that Severus distributed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The administration of government in the Nation into two President-ships But least of all may we imagine that division which the Britain History onely is Author of into Lhoegria Cambria and Albania although Cambria seems to Ponticus Viâ—…ius to be well known to the Romans as mentioned by Juvenal in this Verse of his VII Satyr Occidit miseros Cambre repetita magistros Cambre did butcher her returned Lords But whether for this conjecture among others he may deserve the Title of eruditissimus both in Greek Latin literature from the Learned Gosner's hand I leave our Friends of Wales to be Judges And for the division of Britain in former time I shall have occasion elsewhere to discourse more at large If in the mean while any one shall be desirous to know more exactly the Chorography thereof about the time that this Itinerary was written if that be true which Ierom Surita a learned Spaniard goes about to perswade us namely that it was published by the command of
in COCCIUM in the X. Journey Industrious Camden tells us that with all his searching he could not find out what these Deae Matres were However he cites a place out of Plutarch very much for their antiquity which would not be omitted here There is saith he a City in Cicilie called Engyium it is no great thing but a very ancient City of name by reason of the traffick thither for that there are certain Goddesses to be seen whom they worship called the * Mothers Some say the Cretans were the first Builders and founders of the Temple there where you shall see Speares and Helmets of Copper and upon them are graven the name of Meriones He meanes the associate of Idomeneus the King of Creet in Homer Camden and his Translator also hath Metio but amisse I beleive by the Printers fault and upon others Ulysses name also which are consecrated to these Goddesses Varro also hath made mention of some such Deities as I find by a place of his urged by Augustine Dijs quibusdam patribus Deabus Matribus sicut hominibus ignobilitatem contigisse If it were worth my while to conjecture and without the offence of the severe ones I should easily guesse them to be the three famous Goddesses highly worshiped by the Romans yet deduced from ancient originall among the Grecians Vesta Matuta and Tellus among whose indigitamenta or severall names and appellations you shall frequently find Mater or Mother And therefore it is likely that they may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at least that is worshiped upon the same Altar and in some respects the very same Goddesses For Vesta Cicero is my Author Vestaeque Matris ceremonijs And Virgill Dij Patrij Indigites Romule vestaque Mater Our Countrys Gods Vesta and Romulus She is of that antiquity that the God of Poets makes her the Daughter of Saturne the Father of the Gods As for Matuta besides Livies testimony which were enough to prove her called Mother I might add out of Verrius Flaccus that her name is to be derived no way better then from Mater Matuta sayes he potius a Matre quae est originis Graecae He meanes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or as the Dorics pronounced it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And for Tellus Mater it were putid to heap Testimonies for it hither Who knows not Homers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Mother of Gods or Earth Mother of all or that Vesta and Mater Tellus were the same Deity as Plutarch Ovid and others say Now having thought thus much long ago meerly by way of conjecture and making farther enquiry whether Stata Mater whom I found mentioned by Festus Pompeius and whose Image he sayes was worshipped in Foro were not the same Deity with Mater Deum or Mater Tellus as most probably it is I luckily after some good space of time resuming into my hand the so much admired Syntagmata de diis Syriis of M. Selden that incomparable M. Selden I say who was to borrow Ennius his words Multarum veterum Legum Divumque Hominumque Prudens There many ancient Lawes of Gods and men Well understood If any one man ever were I found out of Apuleius that Deum Mater called also Tellus Mater was the same with Astarte or Dea Syria and withall satisfaction sufficient for any man concerning these Deae Matres from so learned a Pen that to what I have blotted the paper with thou maist favourable Reader use thy spongia deletilis if by chance thou so pleasest But let us heare himselfe who in all doubts is our Apollo Aperta In Britain also sayes he there is an inscription now shattered indeeed dedicated to the DEA SURIA or Syrian Goddesse by Licinius a Commander under Autoninus the Philosopher extant at this day in Sir Thomas Cottons Gardens at Conuington in Huntingtonshire I am not ignorant that the Mother of the Gods was called also Terra by the Ancients So Lucretius in his second Book explaines the matter And there is no body but knows that Heaven and Earth were wont to be confounded by the worshipers of Idolls Seing therefore Astarte or the Syrian Goddesse was the same who at first was the Mother of the Gods but afterwards called by many names from hence perhaps may conjecture be made who those Mother Goddesses were mentioned in old Altars never taken notice of untill this age For as many names as there were so many Goddesses were there accounted to be so many Mothers Then instancing in those two places brought before out of Plutarch and Pausanias and taking notice how this age inquisitive after the remainders of Antiquity hath found out in Europe many Altars so inscribed as also others to the Junones all to be seen in Gruter and Smetius and mentioning these two already spoken of at Riblechester and here at Pinnovia or Binchester he brings us a third taken up likewise in Britain and communicated unto him long since by M. Camden DEABUS MATRIBUS TRAMAI VEX CERMA c. It is to be seen at Louther in Cumberland What TRAMAI means sayes he I dare not once to guesse But now if Astartae were the Deum Mater it doth needs follow that the Astarte were the Deae Matres for so were they called in the Plurall number Astartae even as there were many Junos many Venus's many Syrian Goddesses by the reason of the multitude of their Images So also there were many 〈◊〉 which perhaps they meant who observing as well the Asiatick as their own Countrey Rites did dedicate Altars to the Mother Goddesses at least it is very likely so S. Austin indeed hath sayd almost as much in this that follows Juno without doubt is called by them the Paeni Astarte And bâ—… those Dialâ—…cts the Punic and Phaenicâ—…an do not much differ the Scriptuâ—…e is not amisse beleeved to speak this of the people of Israel that they served Baal Astartibus quia Jovi Junonibus Nâ—…ther ought it to mâ—…ve you that he sayd not Astarti that is 〈◊〉 but as if there were many Juno's he put this namâ—… in the Pluâ—…ll number For be would have the understanding refer'd to the â—…tuide of their Images because every Image of Juno was callâ—… Juno and hereby he would have so many Juno 's understood as â—…r wâ—…re Images of her So farr the all knowing Selden But of this more then too much For the wise men of the age will laugh broad at these nice and fruitlesse enquiries and I am loath to offend Things thiâ—…gs say they not words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The other Inscription taken up at Binchester is this but thus by time shattered and broken Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas So much doth time alter the state of things TRIB COHOR I. CARTOV MAR TI VICTORI GENIO LOCI ET BONO EVENTUI The name of the Tribune of the first Cohort of the Cartovii
much from me I onely add this that Diana indeed was worshipt here in the Roman time and had Temples here too this inscription will witness abundantly T. FLAVIUS POSTUMIUS VARUS V. C. LEG TEMPL DIANAE RESTITUIT But this Tradition for I may call it no better that St. Pauls Church was formerly a Temple of Diana was believed by many I by no means mean Mr. Selden among such yet he is pleased to sport for I have no reason to say he was in good earnest his wit which he had extraordinary and in most weighty matters surpassing other men in deriving the name of London and conjecture being free as he saith he could immagine it might be called at first Lhan Dien id est the Temple of Diana imitating the conceit of Humphrey Lhuid which you heard even now deriving Verulamium from Verlhan that is the Church upon the River Wer Now saith he that the antique course was to title their Cities ost times by the name of their power adored in them is plain by Beth-el among the Hebrews Heliopolis which in holy Writ is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegypt and the same in Greece Phoenicia elsewhere and by Athens named from Minerva But especially from this supposed Deity of Diana to whom in substance Homer no less gives the Epithet of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 then to Pallas have diverse had their titles as Artemisium in Italy and Eubaea and that Bubastis in Aegypt so called from the same word signifying in Aegyptian both a Cat and Diana The same may be said concerning the Temple of Apollo on the Ruines of which the report is St. Peters in Westminster was founded not very far off for though the houses be quite contiguous now yet heretofore in our Fore-fathers daies as I find it written it was accounted from London thither two miles but I find no sufficient authority in any remote Antiquity for the Temple of Apollo The main testimony worth speaking of alledged for it is out of a Monk and he too but of obscure name and credit And the learnedest man I have known this last age in England tells us plainly that in his turning over of Succardus his Book on purpose he could find no such thing as hath neither Ioannes Fleet who after him and by the inspection of his work wrote a book of the Foundation of the same Church I could cite unto you if I thought it had any better credit the book of the Bishop of S. Asaph Ieffrey of Monmouths Britain History for another Temple of Apollo against which King Bladud dasht out his Brains at Bath when he was in one of his flying humours forsooth And as the story of Bladud is antienter then Iulius Caesars or the Romans being here so doth Caesar himself say that Apollo was esteemed a God before his comming hither Golunt Apolinem saith he de eo eandem fere quam reliquae gentes habent opinionem â—…um morbos depellere Vide Plinium lib. XVI cap. 44. Caesar indeed speaks of the Gauls but we must understand that they and the Britains were the same for matter of their Sacra as well as their language their rites they came to learn here most an end if you hear Caesar Disciplina inquit Druidum illi rebus divinis intersunt sacrificia publica ac privata procurant religiones interpretantur in Britannia reperta atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimutur nunc qui diligentius eam rem cognoscere volunt plerumque illo discendi causa proficiscuntur And truly unquestionable testimonies out of the Monuments of the antients are yet extant which teach us that Apollo was worshipped in this Island by the name of Belatucadrus as of Abellio also in Gaul and Beleâ—…s or Beliâ—…us both among them and here too Hence it is that in Ausonius who himself was a Gaul the Sexton or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of this Deity being by a very suitable name called called Phaebitius and said to be stirpe satus Druidum it self is named Belenus Hence is it also that the Herba Apollinarea wherwith the antient Gauls are said to have tainted their arrows was also named Belenium In Tertullians Apologetic cap. XXIII Belinus is Nericorum Deus as Pierre Pithou reads it But where ever you find him he is still rendred by Apollo He was the Aquileians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Countrey-God saith Herodian in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. They call him Belis and worship him in extraordinary manner thinking him to be Apollo But by all means you must mend the Author and make it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iulius Capitolinus in the lives of the Maximini tells us that Menophilus and Crispinus two men of Consular dignity willing to have it so because they knew that the God Belenus had given assurance by the Southsayers that Maximinus should be overcome Whence also afterwards the Souldiers Maximinus being slain are said to have given it out that Apollo fought against him and that that victory was not Maximus's or the Senates but of the Gods themselves There are many Vota of the antients made to Apollo Belenus Augustus inscribed upon four-square Altars which are to be seen in the Hercules Prodicius of Stephanus Pighius and also Gruter The visible foot-steps of this name are to be found in Cassibelin and Cunobelin two Britain Kings mentioned in Caesar and Dio. And the very name whole in the British History in King Belinus the Brother as it is said of Brennus ' and from whom our Antiquaries will have Belins-gate in this great City so called Perhaps also thence was Beleus an antient King of the Cimbri or Gau's conquered by C. Marius for Lhuid saies that the name is familiar among his Countrey-men to this day Now whether Belinus be to be derived from the British word Belin which sounds as much as flavus or yellow accordingly as Apollo is both by Latin and Greek Poets so called and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 frequently or else from some Asiatick original I will not stand now to determine Truly in Hesychius we read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and which I may by no means omit in Cynobelinus his Coyn Belinus is impressed playing on his harp that you may know that Apollo is meant And now when I have taken notice that the learned Peter Pithou would deduce the name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a frequent Epithet of this Deity in Homer but I know not with how great judgement as also acquainted the Reader with the much celebrated Inscription of Apollo Grannus found in the North of Britain I will have done this discourse Besides what hath been said hitherto concerning this famous City matters gallant and magnificent enough there remain many other great and glorious things concerning it which deservedly challenge as their due room also in this place but that I have formerly wherewith
the very midst and heart of the land as by all Writers and by the Topography thereof it doth appear and upon the great Rode-way called the Foss as Ranulph Higden affirmeth which goeth from the South into the North which begins at Totness in Devonshire and endeth at Catness in the utmost part of Scotland It is situated in a most rich delicate and pleasant soyl and a delicious air and whether you respect health or wealth pleasure or profit it is in this place afforded To parallel it with other Cities is not my purpose but had it a Navigable River whereby it might have trading and commerce it might compare with many of no mean rank For the antiquity thereof I shall speak what I have either read or found in the best and most approved Writers That this was a City in the Britains time before the comming of the Romans I should conjecture by the name thereof set down by Ninnius in his Catalogue of Cities viz. Caer Lerion that is the City upon Leir What the name was in the Romans time I must assent unto Master Camden Clarencâ—…ux his opinion who taketh it to be Ratae induced thereunto first by the situation thereof upon the said great Rode-way called the Foss the distance from Bennones and Vernomet agreeing so justly with the Emperour Antonine in his Itinerarium and a peice of the name yet remaining in that old long Ditch and rampier called Radikes That this his assertion should stand probable and true and that this was a great Roman Station these Roman Antiquities here found and affirmed will give strength and confirmation First the antient Temple here dedicated to Janus which had a Flamen or High Priest here resident in which place great store of bones of beasts which here have been sacrificed have been digged up and found and the place yet called thereof the Holy bones which all Histories do agree to have been here and surely was the foundation of the Romans as appeareth by their God Janus Bisrous to whose honour the first Temple was built in Rome by Romulus and Tatius or â—…s others say Numa Pompilius in a place called Argiletum and not founded by that feigned King Leir to the honour of Janus as Geffrey of Monmouth and of later daies John Harding and John Reut of Warwick will have it which how fabulous and improbable it is any ordinary capacity may conceive in that it is known to all that Janus was not adored or thought of ever of any but the Romans And this King Lier died at least three hundred years before Rome was built as by their own Chronology and Computation will appear But this and many such improbabilities and contradictions will easily convince this forged History of Brute and of his progeny Next the many Roman Antiquities here found their Medaglies and Coyns in great abundance both in silver and Copper of Vespasian Domitian Trajan Hadrian Antonine and others which I my self have seen and have of them And within these ten years neer unto the Town somewhat deep in the ground was found a piece of Work of stone arched over the stones very small about an inch long and half an inch broad and thick finely joined together with a thin morter It was in length about five or six yards in breadth about four the roof covered with a square kind of quarry with small Earthen Pipes therein This I guess to be a Stouphe or hot-house to bath in for as Vitrivius writeth the Romans growing to the excesse of riotousnesse and excesse through the abundance of their wealth used these kinde of Bathes in a wantonness to purge and clarifie themselves All this hitherto hath been transcribed out of the exact Description of Lestershire so far as it conduced to my present drift and institutum We shall also do the like in what followes to the next Station If we had known that the places about Lester had abounded with Ferne we would presently have concluded that the name RATAE had been from RATIS which Dioscorides saith in the old Gallick Tongue and so consequently in that of the Britains signified just as much The good Readers I hope will excuse this observation who also know that lame men though they be never so much 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yet they cannot conveniently be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Being bad for any discovers though never so studious and desirous thereof Let those tell us here of Rateford in Nottinghamshire or Rutland look well to their Arguments why they do it VEROMETUM M. P. XIII Master William Burton the restorer of his own Country and the antiquities thereof in his exact description of Lestershire pag. 62. Burrow antiently called Erdburrow standing neer to the confines of Rutlandshire Master Camden doth conjecture that this place should be that Vernometum mentioned by Antonine the Emperour in his Itinerarium by reason of the true distance between Ratae and Vernometum And his words be these the name of Burrow also that it hath at this day came from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the Saxon Tongue signifieth a place fortified and under it is a Town called Burrow belonging to an old Family of Gentlemen so surnamed But that which maketh most for the proof in that very place there riseth up an Hill with a steep and upright ascent on every side but South-eastward in the top wherof appear the express tokens of a Town destroyed a double Trench and the very Tract where the Walls went which inclosed about 18. Acres within at this day it is arable ground and in nothing so famous as in this that the Youths dwelling neer thereto were wont yearly to exercise themselves in wrestlings and other sports in this place And out of the very name a man may conjecture that there stood some great Temple of the Heathen Gods for the word Vernometum in the old Gauls language which was the same with the old Britains tongue signifieth as much as a great Temple as Venantius Fortunatus in his first book of his Songs doth shew writing of Vernometum a Town of Gaul in these verses Nomine Vernometum voluit vocitare vetustas Quod quasi fanum ingens Gallica lingua sonat Of old the place they Vernomet did name Which signifies among the Gauls a Fane In elder times this place they termed by the name of Vernomet which sounds in the language of the Gauls as much as a Temple great Thus far the diligence and the great ornament of his Countrey William Burton Esquire of Linley who though now with God hath left the heir of his vertues as well as other fortunes Cassibbelaun Burton Esquire MARGIDUNUM M. P. XIII Where Lincolnshire borders upon Liecestershire there stands Beâ—…vior or Beauvior Castle not far from whence as our great Antiquary thought stood the Roman Station Margidunum in old time in a most pleasant and fruitful Soyl. This the distance from Vernometum to which it stands next in Antoninus having Ad Pontem or
Paunton also at not an unlike remotenesse from what is set down there gives good credit unto From the Marga or Marle and its site upon a rising hill its seems to have had its denomination For the later I have several times taught out of Plutarch what Dunum signifies namely a rising place As for the other word Marga Pliny in his Natural History tells us what it is there where he treats De terra quam Britannia Gallia amat Alia est ratio saith he quam Britannia Gallia invenere alere eam ipsae quod genus vocant Margam But Camden speaks of little use of Marle in those parts he indeed tells us of a kind of Chalk found neer there in which perhaps Pliny might be mistaken for his Margu else he thinks it was never well searcht for there There is found there about also the stone called from its figure 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Astroites the form of which Camden describes after Agricola and others but I le meddle not with it as being nothing to my present design in hand AD PONTEM M. P. VII That it was that Town of Lincolnshire which on the banks of the River Wytham is yet called Paunton to this day our Antiquaries do generally believe For to say nothing of the distance from the two stations on either hand which very well agree with that at present the reason of the name from a Bridge for the River according to the report of the Inhabitants was here in old time joined with the Bridge cleerly evinceth the matter in hand not to say that pavements of the Romans of Musive Work are sometimes digged up here Wherefore Aldus his Edition of Antoninus may be observed where ye find it falsly printed Ad Pontum Josias Simlerus in his Scholia upon Antoninus would have this Town to have been otherwise called Pons Aelii where sub Duce Britanniarum Tribunis Cohortis I. Cornaviorum kept his Guard which Station being long before first appointed by Hadrian the Emperour was to be sought far away off by the Vallum Him yet our Harrison follows who hath described unto us Britain in English William Fulk would have it to be rather Boston that is S. Buttolphes Town in this same Shire though the Itinerary account do wholly reclaim and gainsay it as being neerer to the Eastern Sea CROCOCALANA M. P. VII In the diverse readings collected to Antoninus there is Crorolana set down which in very deed signifies nothing and might a great deal better have been quite left out In Antoninus that Town is called so which at this day is Ancaster nothing but a long street upon the Military High-way At the entrance from the South our Antiquarie saith he saw a Trench and it is evident that there was a castle about there The British or old name may seem to have been taken from the situation for it lies under the side of an hill and Cruc Mâ—…ur with the Britains doth signify magnum collem or a great Hill as Cruc Occhidient doth a Western Hill as we are taught by Giraldus Cambrensis and Ninnius very antient Writers But what shall we do then with Colana Camden our Antiquary knew not neither have we time to think of it as we should if we truly understood the meaning of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Ptolemy in the North of Britain we should also better know this In this Town the Roman coyns keep up the Memory of Antiquity therein besides the vaults under ground sometimes opened to say nothing of the site by the Praetorian Causey or High-way and due distance between it and Lindum or Lincoln William Harrison saith Ancaster hath been a great thing for many square and coloured pavements vaults and arches are yet found and oft laid open by such as dig and plow in the fields about the same and among these one Vresby or Roseby a Ploughman did erd up not long since a stone like a trough covered with another stone wherein was great abundance of the aforesaid Coynes The like also was seen not fourty years ago about Grantham LINDUM M. P. XII Camden from the foregoing Station seems to have read the distance to Lindum XIV miles and that where he speaks of Ancaster where the foregoing Station had its being Something is said and perhaps more then enough concerning this Lindum in the former Journey Finis Itineris VI. Britanniarum BRITTANNIARUM ITER VII Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana * CXV ITER A REGNO LONDINIUM M. P. XCVI sic * * CXVI 96.  CLAUSENTUM M. P. XX.   VENTAM BELGARUM M. P. X.  Gelleu CALLEVAM ATREBATUM M. P. XXII Gall.  PONTES M. P. XXII   LONDINIUM M. P. XXII  THis seventh Journey is from Regnum in Hantshire to London Hierom Surita speaking of which confesseth indeed that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Regni were a people of Britain bordering upon the Atrebatri and Cantii whose chief City was Noviomagus but that by this Regnum it is to be understood I can by no means hold with him Camden resolves the business very well where he makes the Midland of this shire to belong to the Belgae as he doth the more Maritime to the Regni That therefore this Regnnum belonged in old time to the Regni is most plain the reliques of the one name still remaining in the other Our Ancesters called it Regnewood or Ringwood it seems for the Store of wood thereabout In Doomesday book it is written Rincewed CLAUSENTUM M. P. XX. Opposite to the Isle of Wight in Southampton Port of Haven called of old by Ptolemy Trisantonis fluvii ostium from Traithanton as I think saith our great Antiquarie that is Aestuarâ—…um Anton. By the same name almost it is called by Ninnius Trahannoni ostium The river that runs into it at this day called Test in former ages in the Saints lives is named Ierstan and formerly that it was Ant or Anton Antport Andover and Hanton Towns lying thereon seem in a manner to perswade Sofar are we from believing that it was so named from Hammon the Roman whom our British History fables to be slain hereabout by Arviragus as do also all such as follow and admire it Not far from this southampton was Clausentum here placed which appears by its distance from Regnum as also on the other fide from Venta or Winchester and as of old time it was called Antoni Aestuarium so Clausentum signified in British the Port Entum which as I am told signifies as much as in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth mean They that make any wonder at this let them also look into Dooms-day-book where they shall expresly find Hantscyre and Hentscyre from whence the Town from the Southernly situation is at this day Southanton It was seated especially where S. Martha's fields now are What rubbish ruines of Walls and Trenches Camden was shewed there by an old Castle himself will best
under whom they as Tacitus saith contumelia metu graviorum capiebant arma commotis ad rebellionem Trinobantibus He joins to them elsewhere the Brigantes femina duce exurere Coloniam expugnare castra potuere sumsere universi bellum ac sparsos per castella milites consectati expugnatis praesidiis ipsam Coloniam invasere ut sedem servitutis nec ullam in barbaris saevitiae genus omisit ira victoria Hitherto belongs what he had said a little before Non sane alias exercitatior magisque in ambiguo Britannia fuit trucidativeterani incensae Coloniae where when as he saith Colonies in the number of multitude besides Camulodunum he understands Verulamium or which is most probable London it self of which yet neither was cognomento Coloniae insigne for of London himself expresly denies it and for Verulamium he calls it Municipium Neither is Suetonius otherwise to be understood Clades Britannica qua duo praecipua oppida magna civium sociorumque cade direpta sunt But some of the most learned neither read the Latin word as in number of multitude and there is also another commodious answer Figure of speech which not rarely admits a plural for a singular as a gracefull excess But after so grievous an overthrow Camalodunum yet after a few years began to flourish again which we may conjecture out of Pliny for he makes mention thereof as of a Town very famous in his daies In Mona saith he qua distat à Camaloduno Britanniae oppido circiter ducentis millibus For Plinie in the Thirteenth Chapter of the same Book makes mention of the third Consulship of Vespasian which happened in the tenth yeare after the overthrow of Camalodunum so that here it is nothing necessary to urge that the same Pliny dedicated his Naturall History to Vespasian when as such Inscriptions for the most part and Preambles which no body is ignorant of were wont to be made when all was done Again if the Colony yet standing Pliny wrote this he seems not likely to have omitted the name Colony as a thing that deserved not to be left out From this time to Constantines age the memories of ancient things being lost there is wholly silence concerning it but that Antoninus here in this place makes mention of it as also the ancient Itinerary Table of Peutinger which Scaliger thought was compiled thence as is observed before whence no weak conjecture may be brought that it is ancienter then the Notitia Provinciarum which they will have to be written under Theodosius the younger because therein those strengths were recorded by the Sea-side which were appointed for the repelling of the piraticall Incursions of the Saxons And they were sub dispositione viri Spectabilis Commitis littoris Saxonici per Britanniam Yet for all that therein is no mention made of it the site being known well enough out of Dio the matter it self I am sure seemed to require it if it had been still standing It is doubtfull therefore whether or no some grievous calamity and very neer to totall ruine might not in this mean while have so afflicted and prostrated it that if it made it not wholly equall to the ground yet it might seem to have strucken off its head and Gallantry But certainly Camulodunum appears under the Empire of Constantine M. to be mentioned with high praise and worth the name of Colony being also added which thing I see pleases an extraordinary man and one born for the promotion of better Letters I mean the most admired John Selden who will have it to have flourished at that time with the dignity of an Episcopall Seat and that from the Subscriptions of the first Counsell at Arles to bring therefore hither his dissertation concerning this business I thought it to be most convenient In the late Edition saith he of the Counsels of Gallia which we owe to Jaques Sirmond the first Counsell of Arles out of an old Book of the Abbey of Corbey is Printed where the names of the Bishops are set before the places otherwise then in the other Edition and there so far as concerns Britain they are in this manner Eborius Episcopus de Civitate Eboracensi provincia Britannia Restitutus Episcopus de Civitate Londinensi provincia suprascripta Adelfius Episcopus de Civitate Colonia Londinensium exinde Sacerdos Presbyter Arminius Diaconus So out of Britain besides Restitutus of London there were present at the Counsell at Arles Eborius of York and Adelfius de Civitate Colonia Londinensium as here he is called with a Presbyter and a Deacon But what is Civitaes Coloniae Londinensium That truly in the Topography of Britain signifies nothing What credit ought to be given to the Book of Corbey I know not neither have I yet heard of what Antiquity it is but if those Subscriptions out of it be to be received I can scarce at all make any doubt however other men think otherwise but that Adelfius here was Bishop of the Colony of Camulodunum Verily this Colony while the Roman Empire had any sway here was exceeding famous which when as perhaps it was not written whole and entire as Col. or Colon. Camalodun or as sometimes Camolodon by the Transcribers to whom the name of London or Londinum was very well known and yet were in the mean while quite ignorant what the Colony Camulodunum meant as well from the cognation of the sound as ignorance of this particular reading it was changed into Coloniam London or Londin So the old Maldon men had in times past their Bishop But rather let the studious Reader have recourse to that uncomparable mans words according as he is before directed But for the present Situation of Camulodunum where I mean the place it stood of old then I must not dissemble that some great Antiquaries as Iohn Leland Humphry Lhoid and such as follow them do seek for Camulodunum in Cholchester Hinc credo saith Lhoyd fuisse Coloniam illam Claudii Caesaris Templo celebrem quam nunc Colchestriam vocant Hector Boethius placed it in Scotland and saith Regiam Pictorum fuisse olim ad Caronae fl ripam which George Buchanan his Country-man sayes is vanissimum mendacium Polydor. Virgil seeks it in Yorkshire Puto Camulodunum quando de ea re ambigitur eo loci olim situm ubi nunc est Dancastrum quia vel Castrorum memoria videtur retinere nomen loci ad belli praesidium electi aut Pontifractum quod paulo proprius etiam citra Eboracum est circiter millia possuum XVIII loco magis amaeno quam munito Extat castellum in eo aliqua vestigia Templi quod ibidem Claudio Caesari In a word Hector and Polydorus are in very deed alike and according to the Greek saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But others also will have it to have stood among the Brigantes or in Yorkshire perswaded thence because in Ptolemy there goes next before
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the fourth City numbred among the Brigantes but Galatum in the one and Galacum in the other are both promiscuously taken the one for the other in Camden either through the Writers oscitancy or the Printers oversight or by both In the last Edition it is Whelp-Castle with Camden in Cumberland but in the Proecdosis of that Work it is Overburrow in Lancashire but in the last Edition as I said Whealp-Castle in Cumberland And with William Fulk it is Litchfield though quite against the Ratio Itineraria BREMETONACIM M. P. XXVII It happens in Antoninus in the Tenth Journey beginning at Glanoventa through Mediolanum Camden as we have said in his Proecdosis thought this the very same with Brementuracum in the Notitia But upon second thoughts he conjectured it to be Overburrow in Lancashire COCCIUM M. P. XX. Neer Overburrow is thought to have been a great City and to have possessed large fields between the Lac and Lone the Inhabitants do deliver by Tradition from hand to hand and indeed this place doth assert its Antiquity by several Monuments yet appearing engraven stone pavements of Musive Work Romans Coyn and the very name hard by which being denoted from a Burrow plainly expresses and argues its Antiquity and if there be any room for conjecture this is Coccium according as the learned Spaniard dis-joines it from Bremetonacum in the Notitia very rightly here the River imparts its name to the Town in which appears so many tokens of Antiquity as no where else more so many Statues Coynes Pillars the Bases thereof Altars Marble Inscriptions and such Remainders of antient State that not undeservedly the Inhabitants boast though in a halting rhyme It is written upon a Wall in Rome Ribchester was as rich as any Town in Christendome The name is Riblechester from the River as we said and it might as it usually happens antiently have altered its appellation and so that which here is Coccium may be in Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which he places in this situation that is eighteen miles which he affirms from Mancunium The name of the Aestuarium which makes up towards it by the River Ribel is called by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in which are some Remainders of the name the Etymology of which I would you would rather look for in Master Selden where he speaks of the several Deities named from BEL. In this place is the famous Inscription wherein the Dea Matres are mentioned of which I spoke formerly thus DEIS MATRIBUS M. INGENUI US ASIATICUS DE C. AL. AST SS LL. M. By which we learn that the Decurio of the Ala Asturum sometimes a people of Spain paid his vow here Besides you must remember to correct your Beda where you have Rhypum falsly printed as well as in Ptolemy for Rippon see him Libro Ecclesiasticae Historiae 3. cap. 25. The other three Stations Mancunium Condate Mediolanum are already spoken to I will therefore refer the Reader to what goes before concerning them BRITANNIARUM ITER XI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  A SEGONTIO   DEVAM M. P.   LXXXIII sic   CONOVIO M. P. XXIV   VARIS M. P. XIX   DEVA M. P. XXXII  SEGONTIUM It was of old a Station in Caer-Narvonshire on the Frith Menai which divided Mona the Island from the Continent of Britain In Caesars V. Comment of his Gallick War Segontiaci are mentioned as a chief Civitas of the Britains but this no where else save here I might do well to take notice of the severall readings here of Hierom Surita's Books as Seguntro Seguncio Our very learned Antiquary who also tells us that himself saw some remains of the ruines of the Wall by the little Church built sometime to the honour of Saint Publicius the place had its name from the River passing by to this day called Seiont issuing out of Lin-Perith or the Lake so called in which a peculiar Fish is bred which from the ruddy belly the Natives call Tortoch Now whereas a very ancient book of Ptolemy in this same site doth place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Setantiorum Portum if I sayes he should read Segontiorum Portum and though other Editions remove it farther and say it was at the mouth of this River perhaps I should hit the truth at least obtain excuse and pardon from the favourable Reader For Ninnius and he who wrote the life of Griffin the Son of Conan saith that Hugh Earl of Chester built a Castle iâ—… Hean Caer Custenni that is as the Latine Interpreter turns it in antiqua urbe Constantini Imperatoris in the ancient City of Constantine the Emperour and Mathew of Westminster is the Author but therein let himself look to his own credit for the truth of this that the body of Constantius the father of Constantine the great was found An. MCCLXXXIII and honorably placed in the Church of the new City by the command of Edward the first for he had at that time out of the ruines hereof so drawn out of the City Caer-Narvon somewhat higher to the Ostium of the River that it was upon the West and the North washed with its waters which it self as it was so called by reason of its situation thereof opposite to the Island of Mona so gave its name to the whole Shire or Countrey which at this day the English do call Caer Narvonshire the same Edward the first earnestly laboured to pass his men into Mona or Anglesea to joyn this Island with a Bridge to the Continent but in vain Long before his time this was the place where Suetonius Paulinus the Roman General passed over his Army hither which we learn by the sufficient Authority of the excellent Tacitus Igitur Monam Insulam incolis validam receptaculum perfugarum aggredi parat navesque fabricatur plano alâ—…to aduersus breve littus incertum Sic pedites equites vado secuti aut altiores inter vndas aduantes equis transmisere Stabat pro litore diversa acies densa armis virisque intercursantibus foeminis in modum Furiarum veste ferali crinibus dejectis faces praeferebant Druidaeque circum preces diras sublatis ad coelum manibus fundentes novitate aspectus perculere militem ut quasi haerentibus membris immobile corpus vulneribus praeberent Dein cohortationibus ducis se ipsi stimulantes ne muliebre fanaticum agmen pavescerent inferunt signa sternuntque obvios igni suo involvunt Praesidium post hac impositum vicis excisique luci savis superstitionibus sacri Nam cru re captivo adolere aras hominum fibris consulere deos fas habebant Haec agents Suetonio repentina defectio Provinciae nuntiatur Rex Icenorum Prasutagus longa opulentia clarus Caesarem haeredem duasque filias scripserat tali obsequio ratus regnum domum