the common reckoning both then and how still for half a year comes to above 1300 pounds a good Farmers estate Therefore it behoves every man that hath or may for himself or friend have occasion to let or hire buy or sell land or timber not to go on other mens legs nor to see with another mans eyes that have such easie means to attain the skill of it themselves I make no doubt but that there are many Gentlemen who have spent much time in the Universitie in Musick yea and other studies too do wish at this day and more would wish if they could see it they had at least spent some of that time in the Mathematicks whereby they might have benefited both themselves and their Countrey which in commendations of it Pitiscus in his Preface to his book Geodaeticorum saith Socrates hunc principalem Geometriae finem esse statuebat ut agrum planum metiri divideréque possit I have seen some spend eight years in learning Musick if they would bestow but two years in the Mathematicks it would have done them more good and they might have done the Common-wealth good Of all the seven liberal Sciences that may best be spared as least beneficial to a Common-wealth and for my part I had rather if you will believe me that my feet could pace 1000 acres of land of mine own then my fingers to play 1000 lessons on the best Lute in the town though I might have it for my labour and he that is not of my minde it 's pitie if ever he have 1000 acres but he should change them for a fiddle Recreation I confesse is good but I would not have it made an occupation They will account it small recreation hereafter to be able to say Post habui tamen illorum mea seria ludo Divers such falsities I have seen but I am loth to digresse too much Divers other false ways there are but I had rather I were come to lay down true ways then to discover errours Therefore that we take not a false way to our purposed end we will ride streight on to the next town viz. the uncertain ways where we must stay a little and give our pen drink too that so we may the easier finde the true way in such uncertain ways First it is no certain way to lay a great deal of land upon a little paper as to work by the scale of 32 as many do whereby upon each inch of paper they lay six acres one rood 24 pole and it is an easie matter for a good Artist with good instruments to fail an acre in an hundred much more with so small a scale and blunt compasses neither is there any that ever I knew use so small a scale that can or dare say that he is able to distinguish a quarter of a pole whereby oft-times there is six in the hundred got and lost not in a year but in a day Secondly To trust onely to the needle in any graduated instrument as Circumferentor Theodelete and partly for fear of a loadstone near and also it is a hard matter by an ordinary needle though of four or five inches long to distinguish a degree much lesse five or six minutes Thirdly For over-curious ways such as if I shall spend so much more time then ordinary that the gain or losse will not countervail the time bestowed on it therefore as upon buying and selling there is some land of 20 or 40 pound the acre some I have measured where every man in the town hath hired the tythe communibus annis for two shillings per acre others have undertook plowing for 2 shillings six pence others have let for five shillings as the Lady Mâ—rrison aforesaid Now I will not stand so curiously upon that of five shillings per acre nor work by so large a scale as for that of 30 or 40 pounds the acre This comes to five shillings the pole the other very little above half a farthing a pole Two pole got or lost in the first is the Surveyour's ordinary dayes wages whereas five acres of the other will but do it Again as there may be curiosity in measuring so there may be in casting but let the same rule be the guide in both and although Pitiscus hath done exceeding learnedly through all his book as like a Mathematick-Professour and well skilled in the doctrine of triangles yet he that shall seek out his sides bases and perpendiculars by Sines Tangents or Logarithmes or cast them up by Logarithmes as some others haue taught of late yet neither Pitiscus nor his followers have shewn themselves practitioners neither of them ever measured plotted and cast 900 acres in three days whereof for a mile together the side was as streight as Hockley-brook as the Proverb is for it was Hockley-brook it self yet platted and cast every crook and so did I Shefford brook also and Mr. Wingate hath measured 1000 on a day near Biggleswade in Bedfordshire I denie not but these men may and have good skill in the Theorie but as little in the Practick as the Londoner that asked the countrey-Maltster if malt did not grow upon trees Such a London Mathematician perhaps was Balls aforesaid a perfect Surveyour but never saw acre of land measured so that he missed but 78 acres in 322. CHAP. II. Of making and keeping the field-book and measuring pasture by the plain-Table § 1. IF you intend to practise Surveying make you a book of a quire of good strong paper so folded that the breadth of the leaves may be in octavo and the length thereof may be the length of two quarters well bound with vellum that you may lay it on your left arm to write and if it be your first book that you have filled write on the cover a great A If the second B On the third C c. Then page your first part of your book A all but some 12 leaves at the latter end on each severall page whereof you shall write a severall letter of the Cross-row in Alphabetical order and so your book is ready to go to work How to choose their first standing in Pasture-ground for the plain-Table § 2. As soon as you come into the field make a mark as some hole with a paddle-staff or stick up some paper or both at the first corner you come at which if it be adjoyning in that place to another pasture then choose your station or hole if be possible that it may be right against some gap gate or stile which commonly in all pastures there are near the corners or else you will be forced to cut an hole through the hedg with a bill that so from that station you may see to the further side of that ground or so far as you can to strike a line But let that hole or mark be set four or five foot from any hedg or ditch so that you may set up your instrument and have firm standing to see in a
that I write to be understood of all and so bent my country-stile to the capacities of those I supposed would chiefly put the contents of it in practise My Second request is to the honest countrey farmer or whosoever he be who intends to mete his ground by my chain that he would go through with it and make it his own as he goes for by so doing he may finde benefit assuredly My last request is to both joyntly Not to reject the grounds of it without good reason nor without a pair of spectacles to convince experience 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the mother of Arts as the Philosopher calls her I might put this into the ballance to weigh down the censure of both 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but I forbear lest I should tire the Reader 's patience with too tedious a Prologue letting truth stand on its own bottom and commend it in general to the well-improvers of it and rest thy friend to serve thee GEORGE ATWELL The Author to his Book GO little book and travel through the land None will refuse to take thee in their hand Fear neither Momus mouth nor Zoilus quill Assuredly there 's none can do thee ill Both simple gentle Barons Lords and Knights Will take thee for the chiefest of delights Thou teachest them to measure all their ground Which certainly will save them many a pound Plain-Table and Pandoron with its sight Circumferentor and Theodelite Quadrat Quadrant and Chain alone with these Thou 'lt teach them for to measure with great ease Some give a penny to a fire that 's past But thou giv'st pounds for to prevent the wast Thou cleansest water flow'st and drain'st their grounds And bringest water plenty to their Towns Thou teachest also to enrich their mold And i th' mean while to fill their chests with gold Thus doing thou shalt never be forgotten But thou shalt live when I am dead and rotten G. A. Upon his wolthy Friend Mr. George Atwell and this his exact Method of Surveying So nâ—w the Press ha's a new labour past Which shee 'l her bâ—st acknowledge if not last Ne're did her letters such a posture show So advantageous since they first did know T' instruct the world how they their Acres should Cast-up and measure by the perch or rood 'T was but of late since which applause we view'd Some labours in this kinde and thought them good But they themselves will now no more aspire To further praise but all consent t' admire Content since thou art come So when we spie A curious piece that entertains our eye With livelyness w' approve 't yet when we part Forget it in a livelyer pieces art Me thinks I see how with a glance men lay Others aside and by their longer stay Speak their contentment of thy book and stand Surveying that as thou of late their land With such exactness Here thine art 's by thee So rais'd that truth meets with facility Before we did by Sines and Tangents go Theodelete Circumferentor too Wayes that I sigh to think of which at th' sight Of th' marshall'd figures able were t' affright An unassured eye who without fear ' Gainst such a rallied number dar'd appear Armies of figures in the field then stood Fore-sight it was though without fear of bloud To reach an herb a sign we could not know T' or'â—come that bed where lately it did grow This by thy chain alone thou do'st and we Admire thine art admire thy brevity Men of thy temper and that own a mind As thine so searching we may seek not find At thoughts of it we can securely crie Th' acutest mind still ha's the piercing'st eye John Hutchinson Trin. Coll. To his honoured friend Mr. George Atwell on his Faithfull Surveyour SEe the stile alters Poets did but feign Counter Pandora with her box again Sals-bury-stones that pos'd the baker's loaves Might here have set themselves in these thy groves Thy hand hath meted and be sure to try There 's nothing in 't but squar'd by Geometry But sound thy Art and teach us how to get Some lands as thou hast taught to measure it For while we other 's mete our spirits rise And in their acres we but Tantalize Yet 't is too true estates take no degree I' th Confines of our University He who was ask'd Where our possessions lay Might well have thus resolv'd In Terr' Incognita Or In the Isles that well may bear the date From their unlucky seat Infortunate Help out invention and assist ye hands 'T is Scholars fate you see to have no lands If any they appropriate will have They must Ben-Syra-like mete out their grave Or else if all plots fail may try their skill To take the angles of Parnassus hill But wee 'le suspend our judgment and not dare To question till we see thy Finis there The Welsh-mans sentence was content to stay The Apostles leasure till the judgement-Judgement-day And shall not we with patience wait to see The true Effigies of thy Art and thee Till then wee 'le try our skill no spirit raise Without a Charm t' encircle thee with bays I. Charles T. C. Philomath To the praise of the Ingenuous Book of his honoured friend Mr. George Atwell call'd his Faithfull Surveyour On the Authors name GEORGIVS ATWELL Anagram AGROS E VVLTV LEGI THis book 's thine own none need to fear Each leaf thy picture in 't doth bear It 's the Idea of thy mind And face to both are here conjoyn'd On his Book I Do not wonder that Medusa's head At sight could render living mortals dead Since the perusal of this book whose vein The richest gems of wisedome doth contein I seeing wondred wondring dead I fell To view so much lockt in so small a shell On the Author WHat splendour can or Jove or Saturn add Who borrow all to Sol most richly clad In golden vestiments to Sol whose rays Each morn foretells to all their Halcyon days Muse T'averre he wants no praise WHat glory then dear Muse I prethee tell To him whose name subscrib'd shows all 's done well Ought we to give to him whose pregnant wit Shall live while others may in silence sit Muse On earth there 's none that 's fit ON earth there 's none that 's fit then soar the skies Brave George whose fame beyond the clouds doth rise In spight of envies Clog and does aspire Heavens Canopie beset around with fire Thither thy self retire D. Jenner A. B. Trin. Coll. To his much respected Friend Mr George Atwell upon his Book Of Surveying c. TO dress my lines in praise of Thee my quill I 'de wish to dip where Poets once did fill Their versing pens whose thoughts when they 'd rehearse Like metall in a mould would run to verse I 'de shew my self then gratefuller to Thee Then these detracting times could spitefull bee Here you the Curtain draw and let us see The now-known worth of conceal'd mysterie 'T was Nature form'd the
yet fold your sward if not your sward remote from the hedges yet at lest your hedg-rows It is the office of a land-meter to give the quantity or mensuration but the office of a Surveyour to acquint you with all means of melioration Now we are come to rags and horn-shavings It is almost incredible the odds of an acre of the best barley in Hitching-parish fifty years ago and twenty years ago and all by buying rags and horn-shavings at London carrying up malt and bringing them down all the year long As for their rags they carry them to the land and lay them on heaps like dung heaps but not so big then chop them in pieces on a stick with a hand-bill and then plow them in and these and horn-shavings endure a long-while and have so mended their soil thereby that whereas about fifty years ago an acre of their barley was not above three pounds ten or four pounds the best now about twenty years ago I was requested to measure two acres of barley in a field called Kings-field in Hitching-parish that the very crop of them was sold for nine pounds an acre by the Statute-pole Malt-dust also is little inferiour to Pigeon-dung Also lime five or six quarters to an acre Ashes of all sorts Chalk for all red grounds both arable and sward Scowring of old ditches good for all white grounds and clay Also marl of ponds where sinks of yards run into them but in a spring or running water though the mud look never so black there is no heart in it except holpen by land-flouds because there is no salt in it for salt is the strength of all dung therefore let it alone unless to lay on a white ground for mixing of earths for if you lay an hungry gravel on an hungry clunch contrà they fertilize each other Also any sward plowed up and thrown on the land or laid on heaps till it be rotten or making a dung-hill and laying stratum super stratum a laying of street-earth and a laying of these turves laying upon laying till they be rotten makes an excellent compost for many years The burning of hawm upon the ground commonly called Devonshiring because much used in Devonshire is not unworthily a little extolled of the Poet Georgic lib. 1. Saepe etiam steriles incendere profuit agros Atque levem stipulam crepitantibus urere flammis Sive indè occultas vires pabula terrae Pinguia concipiunt sive illis omne per ignem Excoquitur vitium atque exsudat inutilis humor Seu plures calor ille vias coeca relaxat Spiramenta novas veniat quà succus in herbas Seu durat magìs venas adstringit hiantes Nè tenues pluviae rapidÃve potentia Solis Acrior aut Boreae penetrabile frigus aduraâ— To this give me leave to add a little of mine own experience About the year 1607 8 was such a frost without snow that it killed all our wheat one Mr. How of North-Myms had but two bushels growing of thirty acres sown I sowed most part of mine again with barley in March onely I had one head-land that looked most gloriously covered green all over as thick as grass in a meadow I thought this might do well enough I let it alone till mid May then I began to mistrust by the blade that all were but wild-oats I digged up a turf as broad as my hand wherein I found two wheat-corns but 200 wild-oats grown to that height all of one depth perfectly upright as thick as they could stand one by another just as letters are set in a frame to print a book How they should come there at all the Lord knows much more in that manner Well then I saw there was no hope of a crop of wheat and thought it too late to sow barley neither had I any left save a little tary-head-corn that I took steep'd it a day and a night in water of an hors-dunghill I sowed all that head-land but one quarter of it which had been troden with horses turning upon it in wet weather after it was sown This barley when harvest came was the first I had ripe clean without tares or any other soil as thick as it could stand and every way the best that ever I had growing but the wheat not worth the reaping wherefore I let it stand till harvest was home but had I mowed it green it had been the best hors-meat of all other as afterward I found in wild-oats and beans When harvest was home on a fair day the winde sitting right I set fire on it but he that had seen that fire and heard the noise and had not read Virgil before would have said certainly Virgil was at that fire before he made his book and that there he learnt it or else he could never have found out such an Epithete as Crepitantibus urere flammis for whether it was by reason of the wild-oats in every hors-footing made by turning on in wet weather or otherwise there was such a noise as if twenty muskets had gone off at once insomuch that an herd of cattel being a quarter of a mile off seeing the fire and hearing the noise as if they had been out of their wits or rather stark mad set up also such a running roaring bellowing and howling that it made me to run as fast as they to hear such an hideous noise and the fire so violent the weather being dry and the whole crop being still there which was very great and the winde full in one end and whistling insomuch that all the ground for two or three and twenty pole long and a pole and half broad was all on fire at once this past my skill to quench neither would all the blankets in the Town have served the turn if I had had them there But that this was soon out I think neither the Sicilian Aetna that throweth stones sixty miles nor Hecla in Iseland nor Vesuvius in Campania that sends his ashes more then two hundred miles off or if you will believe Cassiodorus in the time of Titus and Vespasian they flew into Asia Syria and Egypt and lastly breaking out again in the year 1632 Crepitus miliaria centum auditus did you not hear this crepitus certainly it was because either you were deaf or not near enough could present a greater terrour But notwithstanding all this my wild-oats were not yet killed and then I was vexed with my self that I had not mowed them green for hors-meat for out of every hors-footing contrary to my hopes I could takeup whole-yea psonds that were never the worse for the fire save onely their smell Then I filled my hand-kerchief and both my pockets with them to carry home to my hoggs hens pigeons but not a corn any of them would touch All this was still worse and worse About All-Saints-day following there came a frost and a little snow upon that there was so many flesh-crows
of them without going again into the field I Shewed before in Chap. 2. the manner of keeping your field-field-book by help of that and this you may readily obtein your desire All the field-field-books that ever you fill with notes page them all writing at the top of each page the name of the Parishes or Parish wherein the land â—â—th contâ—ined in that page and at every beginning of a new man set down his name and likewise at the beginning of every new field furlong or parcell in a furlong set down the name of the close field furlong or parâ—ell Also write on the cover of your first book A on the second B on the third C c. Then reserve four and twenty pages at the end of your first book A which shall not be paged or else make a little book by it self and on the cover thereof write INDEX and on the top of each page write A B C c. in Alphabetical order Then under each severall letter write first the Towns name beginning with that letter secondly The mans name for whom you measured thirdly The books name in which you wrote it and fourthly The pages either all of them or at least the first and last And whereas you may think this way will not be so beneficial â—o you as to go measure it again for that you may do as you see good you need not finde it unless you will Besides that you deserve pay both for surveying plotting and notes as if you had measured it And if you will measure it again these notes will do you no hurt See an example P. Purton 〈◊〉 Norton lib. C. pag. 31 32 33 34. Panchurch Rob. Audley lib. B. pag. 64. ad 76. Putford Tho. Dennie lib. K. pag. 97. ad finem Refer this following to pag. 85. line 13. But if you would bring water to your house from a conduit where you desire to place a cock as high as you can and that without Instruments First begin at the conduit and dig a trench near a foot deep there but as you go farther off let it be still shallower for five or six pole in length more or less according to the fall of the ground so that the water may but just follow you and when it begins to run over there stay it and begin a new depth as afore but he sure the fall of it be down-right like a stair and so go on till you come where you would be then add the fall at the conduit and all your stairs together and so high may you set your cock above the level of your trench FINIS ¶ An Appendix to my Faithfull Surveyour WE have in the book it self spoken of measuring such things as are measured by observing Instruments as the Pandoron plain-Table Quadrant Quadrat Theodelete Circumferentoâ— viz. of measuring of land taking of Altitudes and Distances taken by the chain here we will speak of such superficies as are done by a two-foot-rule as board glass pavement wainscot and of solid as stone and timber forbearing those things that seldome or never come in question as globes regular bodies and the like First Because land-measure and those seldome meet together in one man Secondly Neither would I have the book to be of two big a price and Thirdly Because my little time I have hath need to be spent to the best advantage for the common good CHAP. I. Of making the Rule FIrst I would have the Rule whether it be of box or of brass whether joynted in the middle or streight out to be just two-foot-long by some standard of brass kept by the Clerk of the Market and not as I have seen some that have been half an inch too long Let it be an inch and an half broad at the least and a third part of an inch thick with a square stroke struck round about it just in the middle of the length thereof Let one edge be besild off which serves that if you have occasion to draw lines with a pen if you turn that side downward you need not fear blotting if your rule chance to be blackt with inke if you rubb it well with sorrel that will fetch it out Through the midst of this besill strike a Gage-stroke an another along the midst of the other edge divide the rest of this side beside the besill into eight equall parts with seaven Gage-strokes In the 4 next coâ—umnes save one to the besill you may place all the under-measure of this Table of board-measure following which will not fall in a scale upon the rule viz. all inches halves and quarters from one inch to six or if you will to ten inches in small spaces the inches of the breadth of the hoard in the column next save one to the besill the feet required to a foot foreward at the breadth in the next the odd inches in the third and the Gentesmes in the fourth And adjoyning to this Table toward the middle of the Rule in the first of those four columnes seâ— one inch divided into ten equall parts and each of those into halves and each of those halves into five or suppose them so divided so is it divided into 100 parts or Centesmes from which inch you shall take off all your Centesmes with your compasses that are to be set in any of your scales For making the scale of board-measure Before you can make this scale you must have one column on the otherside the Rule next the besill parted into three small parts with Gage-strokes and divided in the middle of the length of the rule into two equall parts or feet whereof divide one of them into ten equall parts and each of them into ten more and each of them suppose at least to be divided into ten other so shall that fooâ— be dvided into 1000. and this Gunther calleth foot-measure which must be reckoned both wayes first from the beginning of the rule to the middle thus 1 2 3 c. and backward again and thus 11 12 13 c. and because the other foot makes ten of these inches and these ten make twelve of them therefore divide the other foot into twelve equall parts or inches and each inch into eight parts and number it from the end toward the middle with 1 2 3 4 c. but from the middle to the end with 13 14 15 c. and this he calleth inch-measure By help of this inch-line and the inch aforesaid and by help of your Tables for board and timber-measure are made your scales for board and timber-measure And this Table of board-measure is thus made First for all whole inches divide 144 by the inches of the breadth and you have the inches forward to a foot If any thing remain after division it is the Numerator of a common Fraction whose Denominator is the Divisor to which remain annex two ciphers on the right hand and divide again by the same Divisor and you have the Centesme desired Example
Earth gave treasure But how to give the price and measure With lines unparalled th' embroidred ground To GEORGE alone his praise it must redound 'T is ATWELL gets the start of Fancies raisd They at HIS publisht work may stand amaz'd Let all the BOOK now view give her the praise That made the tools but reach to him the bays That is the Artist and who undertook To make himself the Author of this Book To dissolve Riddles make Aenigmaes plain Which have requir'd an OEdipus his brain Envy be gone Apollo be their guide To see what Gordian knots are here unty'de And couched handsomely what might in short Please both the Learned and the Vulgar sort H. Rich A. B. Coll. Gon. Caii The Contents of the Chapters in The Faithfull Surveyour Chap. I. OF errours in Land-measure Page 1 Chap. II. Of making and keeping the Field-book and measuring Pasture by the Plain-Table Page 7 Chap. III. How to set down your notes in your Field-book and to draw your station-lines by the Plain-Table Page 9 Chap. IV. Of plotting at home and of several ways Page 23 Chap. V. Of Calculation or casting up Page 25 Chap. VI. Of measuring a Wood. Page 29 Chap. VII Of dividing or laying out of ground Page 29 Chap. VIII To measure arable-common-field-land Page 31 Chap. IX Of hilly grounds Page 32 Chap. X. Of reducing a Plot from a greater to a lesser Page 37 Chap. XI Of measuring Pasture-ground by the Chain onely and that as speedily and exactly as with any Instrument whatsoever and with less help though in mystie weather and to plot shut and prove the plot thereby also Page 39 Chap. XII To measure a Wood by the Chain onely Page 43 Chap. XIII Of taking distances by the Chain onely Page 46 Chap. XIV To take the declination of any streight upright wall for Dialling by the Chain onely Page 48 Chap. XV. Of Colouring and beautifying of Plots Page 52 Chap. XVI To measure all manner of ground by the Pandoron or any other graduated Instrument Page 53 Chap. XVII In measuring by graduated Instruments to know if your Plot will shut or no. Page 57 Chap. XVIII To take terrestrial distances by the Plain-Table or Pandoron as by the Table Page 58 Chap. XIX To do the like by the Pandoron as it is a Quadrant or by any graduated Instrument Page 58 Chap. XX. Of taking altitudes and distances Celestial by the Pandoron or Quadrant Page 61 Chap. XXI Of taking altitudes terrestrial by the Quadrant Page 63 Chap. XXII Of taking altitudes terrestrial by the Quadrant or Pandoron Page 66 Chap. XXIII To take the situation of a place for a Dial with the declination and reclination thereof by the Pandoron Page 71 Chap. XXIV Of conveying water Page 76 Chap. XXV Of Instruments for conveying water their use Page 82 Chap. XXVI Of flowing of Grounds Page 8â— Chap. XXVII Of drayning of Grounds Page 88 Chap. XXVIII To cleanse a ditch whether it be full of flaggs or mud and not empty out the water Page 93 Chap. XXIX Of cleansing a Pond six or seven pole broad being grown over with a coat of weeds that it will near bear one without abating the water Page 93 Chap. XXX Of cleansing water Page 94 Chap. XXXI Of quenching an house on fire Page 95 Chap. XXXII Of keeping a fire light all night without a farthing charge Page 99 Chap. XXXIII Of laying down of ground for Pasture Page 100 Chap. XXXIV Of the choise of a rich ground Page 102 Chap. XXXV Of inriching lean ground Page 104 Chap. XXXVI Of planting Willows Page 110 Chap. XXXVII Of reducing Wood-land to statute-measure and statute to Wood-land Page 111 Chap. XXXVIII To finde any scale that a plot is made by the content being known Page 112 Chap. XXXIX Of making an Index or Table whereby readily to finde out any grounds that ever you have measured and to tell the quantity of them an hundred years after and draw a plot of them without going again into the field Page 113 The Contents of the Chapters in the Appendix to The Faithfull Surveyour Chap. I. OF making the Rule Page 116 Chap. II. Of measuring of boards by the Rule Page 121 Chap. III. Of making of a Table of timber-measure for square timber to make the scale of square timber-measure by as also the under-measure Page 123 Chap. IV. Of measuring solids as stone timber c. and first of square timber Page 125 Chap. V. Of round timber Page 127 Chap. VI. Of the proof of these scales by Arithmetical calculation Page 129 Chap. VII Shewing the manner of placing these upon the Rule Page 130 Chap. VIII Of taper-timber whether Conical or Pyramidal Page 135 Chap. IX Of the making of four other lines on the flat-sides c. Page 139 Addenda Emendanda Gentle Reader I desire thee to take notice of these my Additions and Emendations before thou readest my Book G. A. Page 9. l. 8. for first read where page 14. line 12. put out noâ— page 21. for subtendents CX 674 and 756. which are at the top of the third column sâ—t them at the bottom of the first and second columns p. 27. against line 21 c. set in the margin To bring links into acres and poles p. 28. l. 5. for 7. read 77. p. 36. l. 23. after quadrant read book or pastboard p. 37. l. 2. read tran viz. from the line drawn p. 42 l. 10. for is r. in and line 15. likewise you may and l. 33. r. to the line p. 43. l. 11. r. a spinny of wood p 45. l. 21. r. save onely if in measuring you have any sorry bound book or past-beard and against line 23. write How to set out a perpendicular into an angle with the chain onely p. 57. l. 28. for mark r. work p. 63. l. 19. r. the whole angle B. p. 64. l. 10. r. A I finde and l. 13. at D I finde p. 65. l. 7. for 10 r. 16. and l. 11. l. 13 for L. r. lin p. 69. l. 12. for edge r. eye and l. 29. r. 100 of the Quadrate p. 70. l. 34 for you r. I. p. 72. l. 9. for declination r. the angle of the wall and Sun p. 73. l. 10 put out As the Radius to the sine of the Suns greatest declination 23.31 and write it thus As Radius To sine of the Suns greatest declination 23 31. So is the sine of the Sums distance from the nearest Equator To the sine of the declination desired 10 4 p. 74. there is a better figure in pag. 51. p. 78. the commaes should be left out and l. 10. for lines r. times p. 85. l. 33. r. a foot and an half long and l. 36. r. seriles p 96. l. 29. for tre-sole r. trefoot p. 112. l. 20. for 32 82 r. 23 82. In the Appendix Page 130. line 12. for square read stroke l. 15. distinguish at third at l. 16. at that l. 25. for sines r.
streight line to the further side of the ground you are in both on your left hand and on your right so that you touch not upon the hedges nor incumber your self with wood bushes houses nor waters though you are driven to go nine or ten poles off at one end and but nine or ten links at the other Whatsoever others bid you always go parallel to the hedge regard it not for if you do so you shall have work enough till Wednesday What will these men do when they come at Hockley-brook It will hold them a week to measure a furlong streight and they have no way left but onely to equal one place with another by ghuess neither alas poor men do they know which way to go about to plot it whereby though they do hit the true quantitie by chance as the blinde man may shoot and hit a crow is that a true plat of the form and who knows not but brooks rivers the very seas themselves alter in time witnesse Hercules-pillers and how can they go parallel by this whim-wham Besides that by the plain-Table they do plot all as they go so that they had need have a great deal of fair weather no dewie mornings and because they know neither how to measure nor plot such a piece we have not had one that hath wrote of Surveying these thirty years but have been all as mute as fishes in it CHAP. III. How to set down your notes in your field-Field-book and to draw your station-lines by the plain-Table HAving made choise of your first station before you begin to measure take your field-field-book on the top of the first page write the name of the Parish first the ground lies in Secondly the year and day Thirdly the name of the close Fourthly measured by me and for I. R. contra W. R. or if you are indifferently hired on both sides write inter I. D. D. I. Fifthly your directour Sixthly your helper And Seventhly which way you went forward whether cum Sole or contra Solem Cum Sole in a pasture is when the hedge is on your left hand contra Solem when on the right Then in your field-field-book about two inches from the left side of the leaf draw a line with your pen streight down to the bottom of the leaf and on the left side about an inch from the line write A signifying the first station or the mark you stand on and close to it on the same side write O signifying the beginning of the line then if you intend to go contra Solem measure how many links are to the hedge or ditch on your right hand and set them down right against A on the right side of the line so all your lengths as you go in the station-line must be set down on the left side of that down-right line and all the breadths on the right side Yet before you go forward you must know these several things Prolegomena First That always a ditch must be measured with that ground on which the hedge standeth Secondly That you never need set up your Table at A unlesse there be another close adjoyning which you are also to measure nor yet at the last angle so that if the ground have four angles you need set up your instrument but at the second and third neither is there necessitie of setting it up at the third if you be sure you have measured all the station-lines right calling your Angles BCDE in order c. by reason you may set out the two last station-lines of any ground whatsoever by the scale and compasses by tranning the first of them and pricking the last as shall be shown more at large when we come to speak of measuring by the chain onely Thirdly If one of your sides be bushy woody watery c. that you cannot come at the hedge for such things leave that for the last so that it be a streight side for your plot will give you that side so that if you have done all right thitherto you cannot fail in that neither need you measure it save for triall sake Fourthly You must know that wheresoever you have two closes to be measured joyning together the station-line in one close serves also for the other and the additions in one close are the subtractions from the other Fifthly If a fair plot in colours be required you must still as you go in your station-lines take notice and set down in your field-book all Churches houses rivers ponds gates ways paths stiles arbors wind-mills great single trees woods c. which fall within compasse of your plot or square and set them down in your distance from the station-lines If they be not on the same side of the station-line that the hedge is on mark them with a crosse and draw them all in your fair plot in prospective in their proper colours with their manner of situation East or West North or South and your needle in any of your instruments will help you always making the North-side of your plot the over end as you may see in plots of countreys and at the bottom setting a scale of poles beautified with compartiments and a pair of compasses but your scale for this plot may if the ground be very large be smaller then that you measure by Sixthly Before you begin you must make choise of your scale wherein you are to consider the bignesse of the ground the bignesse of your paper and the price or value of the ground and whether on purchase or hiring and that for a longer or shorter time yet howsoever it is good though it be upon letting not to be too carelesse in it for I have been imployed upon letting between Sir John Crofts and Sir William Bryars yet before they concluded they agreed on a purchase by the acre upon the same measure therefore I seldome measure upon purchase with a scale more then 8 never above 10 in the inch nor upon hiring seldome above 10 never above 12. Seventhly Before you begin you must consider whereabouts of your ground you begin that so turning the length of the Table to the longest way of the ground and beginning at the like place of the paper as you do on the ground you may not taking too small a scale lay all that ground upon that sheet of paper or at least all that you can measure that day for it is somewhat troublesome to shift your paper in the field or to fall beside it for a piece of a close for which if you do we will give you these five remedies 1. If it be but a small matter and presently comes on again you may lift up the rulers and that paper which they hold down cut it so that so much as you need may lie upon the rulers 2. If that will not be enough you may make your station-line that you came or else do come on shorter then indeed it should be by 10 or 20 pole taking the next