I saye that I am the fyrste that haue brought the Arte of Nauigation into a briefe compendiousnesse geuing infayleable principles and euident demonstrations describing the practise and speculation of the same geuing also true rules to Mariners and shewyng wayes to Pilottes by teachyng them the making and vse of Instrumentes to knowe and take the altitude of the Sunne to knowe the Tydes or ebbyng and flowing of the Sea how to order theyr Cardes and Compasses for Nauigations geuing them instructions of the course of the Sunne and motions of the Moone teachyng them furthermore the making of Dyalles both for the day and for the nyght so certayne that in all places they shall shewe the true houres without default and haue likewise declared the secret propertie of the Lode stone with the maner and cause of the Northeasting and Northwesting commonly called the variation of the compasse with also instruments thereunto belonging And that that which I shall say or doo be not accompted to be presumpteously done or spoken I acknowledge that whatsoeuer I haue well done or written it is from aboue by the helpe of the diuine grace and by the fauour and prosperous fortune of your Maiestie And thus shall they that now liue and likewise they that shall succeede vs see and perceiue how much more the world oweth and is behoulding to your Maiestie then were the auncient Egyptians to their Isis. She gaue them letters to reade but your Maiestie hath geuen rules and orders to sayle on the Seas The profite of Isis was onely for one Prouince But the commoditie that ensueth of your doings is vniuersall for all Prouinces and Nations and for all Seas aswell to go to places discouered as also to discouer Lands and Regions yet vnknowen If they of auncient time had reached that we haue obteyned the Indies had not now been to discouer neyther should it be esteemed a miracle vnto vs as at the tyme when Carthage florished that one Agnus went foorth from the Baye of Cadiz and sayled to the end of Arabie Neyther would Cornelius Nepos haue written it for so famous a thing that a certayne man flying from King Latinus came from the gulfe of Arabie Whereby it is manifest that aswell Nauigation as other Artes doth from day to day increase and by litle and litle is come to perfection For in those daies they had neyther compasse nor carde of sayling whereby to gouerne them selues They lacked the consideration of the Starres vntil the Phenitians found the knowledge thereof and were the fyrst thaâ— vnderstoode that to such as should trauayle by sea iâ— should be necessarie to lift vp their eyes to heauen and consider the motions thereof They that sayled to the Iland of Tabrobana whih in old time was called Antitono caryed for their voyages lyuing byrds And when they thought good let certayne of them flee â—nd by the flyght of their wingsâ— directed the hâ—lme and sayles of their Ships They sayled onely three monethes in the yeerâ— To them therefore it was necessarie to obserue 〈…〉 the tyme vntill they found it to sâ—rue with a forâ— wynde They kâ—ewâ—â—oâ— how 〈◊〉 hâ—lpâ— themselues with the bowe lyâ—e or syde winde neyther sawe they the North Starre or sought it or had aâ—y knowledge thereof Aâ—d I beleeue veryly that this was the cause of so long a voyage which the Shyppes of Solomon made saylyng to Tharsis aâ—d Ophir wherein they spent three yeâ—res although in deede that was no short voyage which they madâ—â— compassyng about â—â—dâ—a and maâ—y other Prouinces And whereas before I sayd that Nauigatâ—on by litle and litle came to perfection I fynd by auncient hystories that Tipho fyrst found the Gouernale or Rudder Dedalus the Maste and Shrowdes and Icarus the Sayles the Thirreni found the vse of the Aâ—ker of one graspe or stooke and Palaminus brought it to perfection adding the other And thus may it manifestly appeare that in these prosperous and fortunate dayes of your Maiestie it hath pleased God to bring the knowledge of Nauigation to perfection with this my breefe discourse as touching the same aswell profitable and necessarie for them that trauayle by land as by Sea What can be a better or more charitable deede then to bring them into the way that wander What can be more difficult then to guide a shyp engoulfed where only water and heauen maybe seene One of the foure most difficult things whereof Solomon maketh mention in his Prouerbes is the voyage of a Shyp by the Sea The which Galfrede expounding sayth that in humane things none is more fearefull or more daungerous then to aduenture life in a thinne and weake peece of wood or for a man to commâ—t himselfe to the rage of furious windes among the tempestes of the Sea and there to hazard that be loueth so well O how much more should the same seeme difficult to Solomon if at these dayes he should see that fewe or none of the Pilottes can scarsely reade and are scarsely of capacitie to learne And whereas in the fyrst Chapter of this Booke I haue made mention that the gouernall or sterage ought to be comâ—itted to expert men and of good vnderstanding he should see that now adayes the ignoraâ—â—t presume to gouerne other which were neuer able to rule or gouerne themselues I most humbly desire your Maiestie to receiue in good part this my poore seruice which although it be litle yet being dedâ—cate vnto thâ— greatnesse of your regall person it shall be much more theâ— great The profite aâ—d commoditie thereof 〈◊〉 notorious and the bâ—nefite that thereby may be receyued is vniuersall If therefore when your Maiestie shall finde your selfe released from greater affaires it may please you to feede your eyes with these my trauailes you shall fynde therein many new delectable and witty things with also many profitable and certayne rules both to reade and vnderstand To conclude I eftsoones make humble petitions to your Emperiall Maiestie not so much to consider what I wryte as to respect the intent of my wrytyng and not the gift but the affection and good will that remayneth in mee to serue your Maiestie The firste parte of this woorke which entreateth of the composition of the world and of the vniuersall principles for the Arte of Nauigation ¶ The fyrst Chapter of the generall distinction of Creatures THE infinite GOD the beginning and cause of the whole vniuersall world created three orders of creatures differing in kinde that is to say Corporall as the Elements Spirituall as Angelles and compounded of these two as Man The corporall nature is diuided into bright and shining bodyes as the Starres or into darke and thicke bodyes as Earth and Meâ—â—alles either into Dâ—aphane or transparent bodyes as Ayre and Water Of these creatures as sayth Saint Gregorie some haue 〈◊〉 beeing as Sâ—ones some lyue as Trees and other haue
altitudes And if the Carde haue no graduation you shall take with the compasse in the trunke of the leagues seuen spaces of 12. leagues and a halfe which are 87. leagues and a halfe And these must be deuided into fiue partes which come foorth at 17. leagues and a halfe for a part and the foure partes taken with the compasse make foure degreés and deuided into foure partes euery part is a degrée and is marked thus ° And yf you wyll make the degreés at 16. leagues and two terces or more you shall geue to euery degreé so much space as the leagues comprehend This graduation must be begun from some one cape whose altitude of the Pole is well knowen And the whole Carde being thus graduate you must begin the number of the degrées from the Equinoctiall lyne one two thrâ—e c. toward the one Pole and the lyke toward the other so that to the knowne Cape may answeare the number of his altitude And so shall you doo to the whole Carde Also the Equinoctiall lyne shall be marked in his proper place And in lyke maner shal you marke the Tropikes according as they are in y e sphere But forasmuch as in Spayne Cape saint Uincent is the principall they begin there to make graduation number it in 37. degreés And from thence towarde the Pole Artike the degrées doo encrease And from thence towarde the Equinoctial line they deminish and from that lyne to the pole Antartike they encrease againe as we haue sayd as is conteined in the Carde and as appeareth in this demonstration following And if the paterne haue neyther leagues nor degreés you must take or know the altitudes of two Capes that are North and South of the degreés and the difference of the degreés of the eleuation that is from the one Cape to the other ye shall deuide all that space in so many partes and so eche one parte shal be seuenteéne leagues and a halfe as answereth to one degreé Or accordyng to the opinion of the leagues of the roundnesse of the earth as we haue sayde as touchyng this in the eyghteénth Chapter of the fyrst part In Spayne they vse with the compasse to take the space that is from Cape saint Uincent to the myddest of the greatest Ilande of Berlinga whiche they account threé degrées so that after seuenteéne leagues and a halfe for a degreé they are 52. leagues and a halfe and so much do they put in this space Other put fiftie leagues accompting after syxteéne leagues and two terces for a degrée and in this maner they make of leagues degreés and of degrées leagues The sayling Cards haue no certayne bignesse limitted them because they onely represent the description of the water and earth and not the quantitie and for this cause some are paynted in great space and other in lyttle They that are in great space are more manyfest and more precise and these the Maryners call Cards of the lâ—rgest pricke or draught Some desire rather to haue them in lesse space because they are brieffer and conteyne much in litle roome and these thâ—y call Cardes of the lessâ— prycke And if for any consyderation aforesayde you desire to reduce any Câ—rde from the greatest pricke to the least or contrarywyse yâ—u must paynt onely the coast and Ilands on a paper in maner as you did in the ruled Carde of the lynes or wyndes I say let it be drawen vpon paper for destroying or rasing the paterne And when it is traced onely with ynke then vpon that draught shall you drawe certayne ryght liâ—es equidistaunt made all by one compasse according to the length of the Carde and other lynes that may cut them in ryght angles and lykewyse equidistaunt and of the same compasse that the fyrst are These two orders of lynes shall deuide all the superficiall part of the Carde into perfect squares or quadratures And it is to be noted that the nearer the lynes are ioyned togeather and the squares the leâ—se so muche the more perfectly may it be reduced and more easily Then shall you take another paper greater or lesse then the Carde accordyng to the poynt that you desyre to reduce it vnto and in the length and breadth thereof you shall deuide so many spaces as are betweene the lynes of the other paper and yf it bee greater the squares shal be greater and if lesse lesse To keâ—pe order in the correspondence of the squares which shal be a great lyght to translate the one from the other you shall number the orders of the squares as those of the longitude by the â—ronte or vppermost part and those of the latitude by the syde as well in the one paper as in the other conformable also those of the front from the left hand to the ryght and those of the side from aboue downeward Then beholde the coast how it goeth by the squares of the first paper and likewise the tracting or drawing in the squares of the seconde in the selfe same order and proportion as it is there and so shall it remayne reduced to the poynt whiche you desyre And this shal serue for a paterne to set in the ruled Carde Heere foloweth the maner of the translating of the Card from one fourme into another greater or lesse Here foloweth a similitude of the Mariners Carde ¶ The iii. Chapter of the vertue and propertie of the Lodestone called in Latine Magnes and in Spanish Pâ—edraymon THe Lode stone as writeth Cardinall Cusanus hath substance vertue and operation His verâ—ue is engendred of his substance essence or being and of his essence vertue proceedeth this operation and effect in such sort that this stone communicating his vertue to iron by reason thereof causeth the iron to moue although betweéne the one and the other be a cuppe or plate of syluer or a table or any other lyke thing The attractiue or drawing force of the Lode stone causeth the nature of iron to be and rest in it and that so fyrmely and quietly that being naturally heauy and ponderous it descendeth not because his nature resteth not in hym self but is vnite with the nature of the stone which seémeth to extende it selfe and as it were to cast â—oorth a liuely spirit of enchaunting vertue Insomuch that as we sée by experience by the sayde vnion it not onely distributeth his vertue to one iron but that iron likewyse to another and that other againe to another and so foorth vntill of many ryngs or lynkes of iron be made a chayne Saint Augustine as he writeth in his bookes De ciuitate Dei did maruayle that he sawe an iron mooue it selfe vpon a vâ—ssell by mooâ—ing the Lode stone vnder the vessel It is called Magnes because the inuentour or fynder therof was so named who as Plinâ—e writeth keéping cattell in East Iâ—dia had his shoes soled with plates of iron and iron nayles such as they
hereby that being in coniunction with the Sunne or neare vnto him we see her not lyghtened because the lyght which she then receyueth is onely her vppermost or highest parte whereby she directly beholdeth the Sunne forasmuche as he is in the fourth heauen and she in the first And departing from the Sunne by her propâ—r moouing the Sunne remayneth on the West part Then toward that part we begyn to see a lytle of the part of the Moone lyghtened and so more and more by lytle and lytle as she departeth farther from the Sunne And at thys tyme she hath her hornes or corners towarde the East because the Sunne is in the West During this tyme also she is sayde to increase or that she goeth increasing vnto the opposition whiche we see by the part of her which the Sunne directly beholdeth And so do we see her altogeather lyghtened and call it the full Moone Then passyng from the opposition she commeth nearer the Sunne by lytle and lytle beyng darkened and hyd fâ—om vs and lyghtened onely by her hyghest part and this tyme is calâ—ed the decreasing or wane of the Moone Then also hath she her hornes toward the West because the Sunne is in the East and this vntyll she turne agayne in coniunction with the Sunne and that we see her not lyghtened at all The Moone is lesse then the Starres or other Planets except Mercurie and lesse then the earth And yf any shall affirme the contrary saying that it is written in the fyrst of Genesis that God made two great lyghtes the greatest to geue lyght to the day and the lesse to lyghten the nyght as Dauid also affirmeth To this I answeare that the Moone beyng nearest vnto the earth appeareth vnto vs greater then she should do yf she were further distaunt from vs. And although she be great of lyght receyued as we haue sayde and bigge of body yet is she not great in respect of the other Starres And therefore the words of Genesis aforesayd may be vnderstoode to be spoken in such maner and phrase as holy Scripture often vseth to humble and apply it selfe to the weakenesse of our vnderstanding and grosenesse of our senses The vi Chapter of the coniunctions and oppositions of the Sunne and the Moone THE Sunne and the Moone are mooued vnder the Zodiacke with diuers motions The Moone with a swifter motion then the Sunne foloweth hym ouertaketh him and goeth before him vntill she place her selfe in Diameter with him And when she hath thus ouertaken him so that they are both in one selfesame degree of the Zodiacke then is the coniunction Then departing from him and being in equall degrees of the signes opposite according to the Diameter is the opposition To knowe the times of these coniunctions and oppositions is very profitable and necessarie for Mariners These times may be knowen in two manners One way by the Ephimerides or Almanacke or other tables or Lunaâ—ie instrumentes And by these meanes is knowen precisely the day houre and minute of the coniunction and opposition It may lykewyse be knowen by the rules of computation whiche are the rules that are knowen by memorie although not precisely as by the bookes aforesayde And heere is to be vnderstoode that from one coniunction to another accordyng to the halfe moouings of the Sunne and the Moone there passeth 29. dayes twelue houres and 44. minuts And consequentâ—y from coniunction to opposition and from opposition to coniunction the halfe thereof which is fourteene dayes 18. houres and 22. minutes To knowe theâ—e coniunctions by rules of computatâ—on is presupposed to knowe the golden number and by it the concurrent or Epacte The golden number is the number of nienteene yeeres In which time the coniunctions of the Sunne and the Moone make all their varieties in the times of euery yeere so that yf the coniunction were the twelfth day of Marche in this yeere of 1545. from this yeere in the nienteene yeeres folowing which shal be in the yeere of 1564. the coniunction shall returne to be at the twelfth day of Mâ—â—che It was fyrst called the golden number by the Egyptians who fyrste found the vse thereof and sent it to Rome written in golden Letters To fynde this number it is needfull to know his rootes which is this In the yeere that Christ our Lorde and redeemer was borne whereby we make this accompt the golden number was the number of one which was the yeere of the roote or begiâ—â—â—ng and the fyrst yeere of the byrth of Christ was two of the golden number So that ioyning to the yeeres of our Lord one of the roote or begâ—â—ning and from all take away the nienteene then the rest shall be the golden number And yf you desyre to make computation by a nearer roote take for the roote the yeere of 1500. when nienteene was the golden number and in the yeere of 1501. did begin one of the golden number and so consequently euer taking away the nienteene This present yeere of 1545. we haue seuen of the golden number And in the yeere of 1546. we shall haue eyght c. The golden number being knowen it is necessarie for thys computation of the Moone to knowe the concurrent The concurrent of euery yeere is the number of the dayes passed of the coniunction of the Moone at the beginning of Marche And theâ—e grow of the difference of the Solar yeere to the Lunar As the Lunar yeere hath 354. dayes and the Solar yeere 365. so hauing euery yeere eleuen dayes of difference which are added euery yeere vntyll they come to the number of thyrtie and passyng thyrtie those that do passe are of the concurrent The number of the concurrent of euery yeere is founde in this maner And the better to beare it in memorie you must imagine three places and these commonly are assigned on the thumbe As the fyrst place at the roote of the thumbe the second in the middle ioynt thereof and the thyrd and last in the toppe of the thumbe Then â—n the fyrst place put tenne in the second twentie and in the thyrd thirtie Then by the order of these places shal be compted the golden number As one in the fyrst place two in the second and three in the third returning foure to the fyrst place c. vntiâ—â— the golden number of that yeere for the whiche the concurrent is sought And the number of that place where the golden number endeth must be ioyned with the number of the golden number and that doth amount thereof shall be the concurrent so that it passe not 30. But if it passe 30. then that that is more then 10. is the concurrent of that yeere And heere is to be noted that the yeeres of this computation of the Moone begin at the first day of March and last vntyll the last day of Februarie so that this present yeere of 1545. by computation of the
THE Arte of Nauigation Conteyning a compendious description of the Sphere with the making of certayne Instruments and Rules for Nauigations and exemplifyed by many Demonstrations Written by MARTIN CORTES Spanyarde Englished out of Spanishe by RICHARD EDEN and now newly corrected and amended in diuers places ¶ At London printed at the charges of Richard Watkins 1589. ¶ To the ryght woorshipfull Syr Wylliam Garerd Knyght and Maister Thomas Lodge Aldermen of the Citie of London and gouernours of the honorable Felowship or Societie as well of certayne of the Nobilitie as of Merchants Aduenturers for the discouery of Lands Territories Ilands Signories vnknowen and not before their fyrst aduenture or enterpryse by Sea or Nauigation commonly frequented And to the ryght Worshipfull the Consulles Assistents and Comminaltie of the same Societie RICHARD EDEN Wysheth health and prosperitie WHat so euer he was right Honorable and Woorshipfull that first beleeued that the frame and coaptation of the body of man with the functions offices and dueties of the partes and members of the same knit togeather in a certayne vnitie to a common ministration did represent a liuely image similitude of a perfect Common wealth I thinke that he was a man of no vulgar iudgement or obiect minde but rather of singuler wisedome and prudence in the contemplation of diuine humane things For he sawe that as in the small natiue seede of all growing or liuing things is conteined the fourme that bringeth them to theyr perfection so in certayne small and obscure members of the Common wealth consisteth no small encrease to the perfection of the whole He saw lykewise that heerein as in the body of man representing the partes and members of the world as I haue sayde are dyuers parts of diuers and sundry actions motions greatly differing in fourme number and quantitie yet all the same to be so knit togeather and so to consent in one vniformitie to the common profit of the whole that a greater concord harmonie can not be imagined then is proportioned by the friendly vnitie of diuers and conâ—rary He saw likewise in the same such a mutuall compassion of part to part and member to member by one common sense exiâ—tent in them all that no one part or member can feele eyther ioy or payne but that in manner all the other are partakers thereof more or lesse yf they be liuely members and not withered or otherwise vnsensate by reason of dead flesh which only by cutting and burning ought to be diuided from the sound and whole But as in man whome Plato calleth the lesse world the vigour and agilitie of the immortall soule and minde neuer ceasseth from continuall moouing but is euer exercised in excogitations inuentions of great things herein resembling God whose caract it beareth by prouidence foreseeing and by intelligence vnderstanding and deuising what is to be done and what to be eschewed doth immmediatly mooue and rayse vp the faculties powers and members of the body to execute the same Euen so in the greater world the prouidence of God and vniuersall counsayle and consent of men hath elected appoynted certayne principall men to beare like rule aucthoritie in the body of the Common wealth as hath the intellectiue soule in the members of our body to mooue and commaund the same To Princes therefore Counsaylours Rulers Gouernours and Magistrates as to the most intellectiue and sensitiue partes of the societie of men hath God and Nature geuen preeminence and gouernaunce of the Common wealth that by their prouidence wisedome and ayde it may vniuersally florishe not only by iust administratioÌ„ of good lawes with due correction of malefactours but also by lyberall rewarding of suche as haue well deserued and especially by maynteinance of such Artes and Sciences as the Common wealth can not well be without And to drawe nearer to the applying of my similitude I say that what so euer Vertue what so euer Arte. or the ingenious industry of men hath to this day inuented all the same is to be imputed to the beneuolence and liberalitie of such as haue honorably mainteyned and freely rewarded the trauayles paynes and charges of them that haue spent theyr lyues goodes and wits as many haue done in the inuentions of necessarie and profitable Artes and Sciences For euen as wholesome and temperate ayre with seasonable weather and fauourable influence of the heauens and planets causeth fruitefulnes on the earth and contrarywise barrennes by the contrary Euen so the fauour of Princes and Magistrates nourisheth augmenteth and amplifyeth all Artes and Sciences by liberalitie and extinguisheth the same by miserable couetousnes and parcimonie And although in some men of rare and noble nature the desyre of honor and fame only for vertues sake and studie towarde their Countrey and Common wealth haue mooued them in maner to their owne vndoing through their great losse and hinderance to set foorth and inuent diuers thyngs for the commoditie of the common wealth and other rather then for their owneâ— yet vndoubtedly who so well consydereth and indifferently wayeth that I haue sayd shall fynde and see by dayly experience that in maner onely munificence liberalitie and reward or the hope thereof geueth spurres to them that attempt great and vertuous enterprises as I could more largely proue by so many testimonies of hystories both holy prophane that the rehearsall therof should be but tedious and not greatly necessary for my purpose especially writing vnto your Honors and Worships of whose munificence and liberalitie I haue had great experience both in my selfe and others who by your ayde and mayntenance haue attempted perfourmed many goodly inuentions vyages nauigations and discoueries of lands and seas heretofore vnknowen Wherein what great charges you haue susteyned and how liberall and constant you haue beeâ— in furthering the same doth well declare thâ—t hytherto you are rather losers then gayners thereby The whcih thing doubtlesse is more to your commendation in that it may heereby appeare that you haue attempted the same rather for knowledge and vertues sake then for couetousnesse of gaynes as is furthermore well knowen by your fyrst vyages of discouerie attempted to Cathay by the Northeast seas vpon certayne losse and detriment for vncertayne hope eyther of gaynes or of any such way to be found otherwise then by certayne likely coniectures not much vnlike to the shining flowres of Marchasytes which outwardly appearing in minerall mountaynes are signes and tokens whereby is coniectured what metall is contayned therein and whether the same be to be folowed or not And although it sometime so chaunce that such signes are fayleable shewing more in apparance then they contayne in substance yet are not such signes tokens or shewes to be contemned but rather earnestly to be folowed for as much as it hath been often prooued and found by experience that by folowing the same haue been found great and ryche mynes of mettalles as Georgius Agricola in his bookes
De rebus metallices dooth largely declare and prooue by many examples But to write at large what great things haue proceeded of small and obscure beginnings and in manner meere coniectures it would so farre exceede the measure of an Epistle or Preface that it would rather encrease to the iust quantitie of a booke For in manner all the late discoueryes both of the Spanyards and Portugales had theyr beginnings of such small coniectures with vncertayne hope as it were praeter spem sub spe vntyll God and good happe by the constant trauayle and valiant minde â—f such as fyrst attempted the same gaue them to enioy that they hoped for But what so euer they haue obteyned and do enioy this may I boldly say in your behalfe right Honorable and Worshypfull that there hath not lacked in you eyther the lyke or greater promptnesse of minde forwardnesse in attempting magnificence in expences or liberalitie in rewardesâ— For besyde the great charges and losses that you haue been at otherwyse what should I speake of the great giftes that you haue sent to the Emperour of Russia What of your last chargeable vyage of discouerie among the innumerable Rockes Ilandes and moueable mountaynes of yse in the frosen sea by innumerable lands and Ilands vnknowne to the Antiques euen vnder and farre within and beyond the circle Articke where they thought that no lyuyng creature coulde drawe breath or lyfe for extreeme colde whereas neuerthelesse the same hath been by you discouered euen vnto the mightie ryuer of Ob that falleth into the Scythian Ocean or Oceanus Hyperborei not farre from the mountaynes called Hyperboreus so named because they are situate almost vnder the North Pole and thought therefore to be inaccessible A voyage doubtlesse of suche difficultie and in maner impossibilitie that considering the infinite dangers thereof as I haue learned by the information of Steuen a Burrough that was then the chiefe Pilot of the same voyage it may seeme impossible that they should euer haue escaped except the mightie hand of God by the expert skylfulnesse of so excellent a Pilot had deliuered theÌ„ from those dangers And although in deede as religion bindeth vs it is conuenient in all things to geue all honour glory and thanks to God yet are we not thereby restrayned to be thankefull to such men as by theyr arte ingeniousnesse trauayle and diligence haue deseâ—ued both iust commendation and large rewarde And therefore referring the reward to you right Honorable Worshipfull to whome it apperteyneth if I should not heere geue him at the least such commendation as in my iudgement he hath well deserued I might seeme both to defraud him of his woorthy deserts and also to forget the friendship and good will I beare him only for his vertues and excellencie in his profession For certainely when I consider how indigent and destitute this Realme is of excellent and expert Pilottes I can doo no lesse of conscience then in respect of your owne commoditie yea rather for the commoditie of the Queenes Maiâ—stie and the whole Realme to exhort you and put you in remembrance although I may heerein seeme to put the Spurrâ—s to a running Horsse as sayth the Prouerbe so to regard hym and esteeme hym and his faithfull true and paynefull seruice toward you that he may thereby be further encouraged and not discouraged eyther for lacke of mayntenance or otherwise by the iniurious assaults of such his enimies as onely his vertues and excellency haue moued to beare him displeasure as enuie doeth euer follow vertue as sayth the Latine Prouerbe Virtuti comes inuidia And how true a sentence this is is well verified by the saying of a certayne Philosopher whose name I do not remember who hearing one vaynely reioyce that he had no enimies answeared that that was a token he had done little good meaning thereby as dayly experience pâ—oueth that if he had excelled in any vertue he could not haue lacked some enimies And hauing here touched â—o speake of enuie I remember that when I was a young Scholler I haue read in the Poet Hesiodus of two kyndes of enuie whereof the one is called Inuidia and the other Aemulatio which is more tollerable then the first for that it is ioyned with some vertue and enuyeth that any should excell him in any excellent qualitie that he professeth But for asmuch as this enuie of emulation proceedeth of some singuler vertue of them that are so maliced they may herein reioyce that they shall euer haue a hundred freends for one enimie yea and although they had none yet is vertue a reward to it selfe and to bee embraced for it selfe onely as the Philosophers affyrme What then shall we say to such as forgetting this reward of vertue do not onely fauour but rather hynder the preferment and mayntenance of such expert men more esteeming certayne Fyshermen that goe a trawling for fysh in Catches or Mongers and Dradgies for Oysters about the sandes betweene the South furland and Wyntertonnesse and the sandes about Temmes mouth then they doo suche excellent Pilotes as are able without any Rutter or Carde of Nauigation not onely to attempt long and farre vyages but also to discouer vnknowen lands and Ilandes as haue done of late yeeres many excellent men to the great honor and enriching of theyr Prince and Countrey But as touching Steâ—en a Bâ—rrough the chiefe Pilot of your vyages of discouery it may hereby well appeare that he is neyther malitious nor enuious of his Arte and Science in that hee desireth the same for the common profite to be common to all men and for the same inteâ—t was the first that mooued certayne Worshipfull of your company as Syr Wyllyam Garrerd Mayster Wyllyam Mericke Mayster Blase Sanders and Mayster Edward Castlen to haue this worke translated into the Englishe tongue Who of theyr owne good nature fauouring all vertuous studies and the professours of the same did soone enclyne to his hoâ—â—st request heerein and therewith not onely desired me but also with liberall rewarde enterteyned me to take in hand the translation Which beyng now finished as well as my poore learning may perfourme I desyre your Honors and Worships to accept in good part as I haue meant heerein to gratâ—â—â—e you and doo such seruice as my abilitie may suffice Now therefore thys woorke of the Art of Nauigation being publyshed in our vâ—lger tongue you may be assured to haue more store of skilfull Pilots Pilots I say not Pirots Rulers nor Rouers but such as by their honest behauiour and conditions ioyned with art and experience may do you honest and true seruice Which is not to be looked for of such as being destitute aswell of the feare of God as of all morall vertues superabound in all notorious vices accompting desperatnesse for boldnesse rashnesse for hardines impudencie for stoutnesse and crueltie for manhood What other thing I say is to be looked for of such then of such trees such fruites