not_o till_o the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o octave_n but_o 2._o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n who_o live_v in_o hen._n ii_n time_n have_v a_o writ_n in_o these_o word_n n._n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la illi_fw-la vel_fw-la illi_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la jalutem_fw-la vide_fw-la sicut_fw-la teipsum_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la tua_fw-la diligis_fw-la quod_fw-la sis_fw-la ad_fw-la scaccarium_n ibi_fw-la vel_fw-la ibi_fw-la in_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o crastino_n clausi_n paschae_n &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la tecum_fw-la quicquid_fw-la debes_fw-la de_fw-la veteri_fw-la firma_fw-la &_o nova_fw-la &_o nominatim_fw-la haec_fw-la debita_fw-la subscript_n viz._n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o term_n in_o the_o exchequer_n as_o touch_v sheriff_n and_o accomptant_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o other_o part_n begin_v then_o as_o now_o it_o do_v say_v that_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr scaccario_n 51._o hen._n iii_o have_v since_o appoint_v that_o sheriff_n and_o accomptant_n shall_v come_v to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o monday_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n and_o the_o monday_n after_o the_o utas_z of_o easter_n measure_n which_o time_n not_o be_v ferial_a or_o church-day_n be_v free_o allow_v to_o term_n business_n if_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n michael_n have_v no_o privilege_n of_o which_o hereafter_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o term_n in_o the_o exchequer_n have_v one_o return_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o term_n before_o the_o first_o return_n in_o other_o court_n except_v trinity-term_n viz._n crastino_n s._n michaelis_n in_o michaelmass-term_n octabis_n s._n hilarii_n in_o hilary-term_n and_o octabis_n or_o clausum_fw-la paschae_fw-la in_o easter-term_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o crastino_n trinitatis_fw-la be_v so_o likewise_o in_o trinity-term_n before_o the_o 21._o stat._n 32._o hen._n viii_o and_o these_o return_n or_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o day_n in_o which_o the_o exchequer_n be_v open_a before_o the_o full_a term_n which_o now_o we_o common_o call_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o term_n be_v count_v to_o be_v termtime_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o enact_v that_o trinity-term_n shall_v begin_v the_o monday_n next_o after_o trinity_n sunday_n for_o keep_v of_o the_o essoignes_n proffer_v return_v and_o other_o ceremony_n heretofore_o use_v etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o full_a term_n of_o the_o say_a trinity-term_n shall_v yearly_o for_o ever_o begin_v the_o friday_n want_v ...._o the_o end_n be_v certain_o prefix_v by_o the_o canon_n and_o law_n aforesaid_a that_o it_o may_v not_o extend_v into_o advent_n and_o it_o hold_v still_o at_o that_o mark_n save_v that_o because_o advent_v sunday_n be_v movable_a according_a to_o the_o dominical_a letter_n and_o may_v fall_v upon_o any_o day_n between_o the_o twenty_o six_o of_o november_n and_o the_o four_o of_o december_n therefore_o the_o twenty_o eight_o of_o november_n as_o a_o middle_a period_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o feast_n and_o eve_n of_o st._n andrew_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o it_o howbeit_o when_o advent_n sunday_n fall_v on_o the_o twenty_o seven_o of_o november_n as_o sometime_o it_o do_v then_o be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o term_n contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n and_o former_a constitution_n hold_v in_o advent_n and_o consequent_o void_a if_o custom_n help_v it_o not_o or_o for_o more_o security_n the_o statute_n of_o 3._o edw._n i._o ca._n 48._o where_o the_o bishop_n at_o the_o king_n request_n admit_v assize_n and_o inquest_n to_o be_v take_v in_o advent_n as_o it_o after_o shall_v more_o large_o appear_v chap._n xvi_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n to_o leave_v obscurity_n and_o come_v near_o the_o light_n it_o seem_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 51._o hen._n iii_o call_v die_n commune_v in_o banco_n that_o the_o term_n do_v then_o either_o begin_v and_o end_v as_o they_o do_v now_o or_o that_o those_o statute_n do_v lay_v they_o out_o and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 36._o edw._n iii_o cap._n 15._o confirm_v that_o use_n for_o the_o return_v there_o mention_v be_v neither_o other_o more_o or_o few_o than_o at_o this_o day_n chap._n xvii_o how_o trinity-term_n be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v trinity-term_n be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o chap._n 21._o which_o have_v ordain_v it_o quoad_fw-la sessionem_fw-la to_o begin_v for_o ever_o the_o friday_n after_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n and_o to_o continue_v nineteen_o day_n whereas_o in_o elder_a time_n it_o begin_v two_o or_o three_o day_n soon_o so_o that_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n be_v a_o movable_a feast_n this_o term_n can_v hold_v any_o certain_a station_n in_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o this_o year_n 1614_o it_o begin_v on_o st._n john_n baptist_n day_n and_o the_o last_o year_n it_o end_v on_o his_o eve_n hereupon_o though_o by_o all_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o former_a law_n the_o feast_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n be_v a_o solemn_a day_n and_o exempt_a from_o legal_a proceed_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n yet_o be_v it_o now_o no_o vacation_n day_n when_o corpus_n christi_n fall_v as_o it_o do_v this_o year_n 1614_o the_o very_a day_n before_o it_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n have_v appoint_v the_o term_n to_o begin_v the_o friday_n next_o after_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n which_o be_v the_o day_n next_o this_o year_n before_o st._n john_n baptist_n and_o so_o the_o term_n must_v of_o necessity_n begin_v on_o saint_n john_n baptist_n day_n this_o deceive_v all_o the_o ptognosticator_n who_o count_v st._n john_n baptist_n for_o a_o grand_a day_n and_o no_o day_n in_o court_n appoint_v the_o term_n in_o their_o almanac_n to_o begin_v the_o day_n after_o and_o consequent_o to_o hold_v a_o day_n long_o deceive_v many_o by_o that_o their_o error_n but_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o change_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o this_o term_n for_o it_o make_v it_o begin_v soon_o by_o a_o return_n viz._n crastino_n sanctae_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la and_o thereby_o bring_v octabis_n trinitatis_fw-la which_o before_o be_v the_o first_o return_n to_o be_v the_o second_o and_o quindena_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la which_o before_o be_v the_o second_o now_o to_o be_v the_o three_o and_o instead_o of_o the_o three_o other_o return_v of_o crastino_n octabis_n and_o quindena_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n it_o appoint_v that_o which_o before_o be_v no_o return_n but_o now_o the_o four_o and_o last_o call_v tres_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la the_o alter_a and_o abbreviation_n of_o this_o term_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n to_o have_v rise_v out_o of_o two_o cause_n one_o for_o health_n in_o dismiss_v the_o concourse_n of_o people_n in_o that_o contagious_a time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o other_o for_o wealth_n that_o the_o subject_n may_v attend_v his_o harvest_n and_o gather_v in_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o three_o also_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o be_v the_o uncertain_a station_n length_n and_o return_v of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o term_n which_o like_o a_o eccentric_a be_v one_o year_n near_o to_o st._n john_n baptist_n another_o year_n far_o remove_v from_o it_o and_o thereby_o make_v the_o term_n not_o only_o various_a but_o one_o year_n long_o and_o another_o short_a according_a as_o trinity_n sunday_n be_v the_o clavis_fw-la to_o it_o fall_v near_o or_o far_o off_o from_o st._n john_n baptist_n for_o if_o it_o fall_v betimes_o in_o the_o year_n than_o be_v this_o term_n very_o long_o and_o the_o two_o first_o return_v of_o octabis_n and_o quindena_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la may_v be_v pass_v and_o go_v a_o fortnight_n and_o more_o before_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la johannis_n can_v come_v in_o and_o if_o it_o fall_v late_o as_o this_o year_n 1614_o it_o do_v then_o will_v crastino_n sancti_fw-la johannis_n be_v come_v and_o pass_v before_o octabis_n trinitatis_fw-la be_v go_v out_o so_o that_o many_o time_n one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o first_o return_v of_o this_o term_n for_o aught_o that_o i_o can_v see_v must_v in_o those_o day_n needs_o be_v lose_v 16â—4_n chap._n xviii_o how_o michaelmass-term_n be_v abbreviate_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 16._o car._n i._o cap._n 6._o the_o last_o place_n our_o statute-book_n afford_v upon_o this_o subject_a of_o the_o limit_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o term_n be_v the_o stat._n 16._o car._n i._o chap._n 6._o entitle_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o limitation_n and_o abbreviation_n of_o michaelmass-term_n for_o whereas_o by_o former_a statute_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o michaelmass-term_n do_v begin_v in_o octabis_n sanctae_fw-la michaelis_fw-la that_o statute_n appoint_v that_o the_o first_o return_n in_o this_o term_n shall_v ever_o hereafter_o be_v à _fw-fr die_n sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la in_o tres_fw-la septimanas_fw-la so_o cut_v off_o no_o less_o than_o two_o return_v from_o the_o ancient_a
and_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o common_a law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o unwritten_a law_n they_o be_v original_o a_o grecian_a colony_n come_v out_o of_o lacedaemon_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o sparta_n where_o lycurgus_n be_v sometime_o king_n and_o author_n of_o their_o law_n among_o other_o of_o his_o decree_n he_o name_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ordain_v this_o for_o one_o that_o their_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v write_v because_o he_o will_v have_v every_o man_n to_o fix_v they_o in_o his_o memory_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v they_o short_a and_o summary_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o maxim_n this_o course_n the_o saxon_n and_o by_o their_o example_n the_o other_o german_a nation_n hold_v for_o many_o age_n the_o first_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o alter_v it_o be_v the_o goth_n who_o in_o the_o aera_fw-la 504._o i._n e._n the_o year_n of_o christ_n 466._o under_o euricus_fw-la their_o king_n set_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n legum_n instituta_fw-la scriptis_fw-la habere_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la it_o ....._o the_o burgundian_n and_o salique_n a_o little_a before_o but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o and_o the_o angli_fw-la werini_n and_o frisii_n be_v not_o note_v to_o have_v write_v law_n till_o the_o time_n of_o herald_n the_o dane_n about_o the_o year_n 994._o so_o that_o our_o saxon_n here_o in_o britain_n begin_v to_o write_v some_o of_o their_o law_n before_o their_o brethren_n of_o germany_n for_o though_o they_o reduce_v not_o the_o general_a manner_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n whereby_o they_o live_v and_o be_v govern_v into_o a_o write_a volume_n but_o leave_v they_o still_o as_o lycurgus_n his_o rhetras_n to_o common_a memory_n and_o tradition_n yet_o many_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n after_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n put_v their_o own_o constitution_n into_o writing_n so_o do_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o they_o aethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o the_o year_n 680._o if_o his_o law_n whereof_o i_o have_v a_o ms._n copy_n be_v in_o his_o own_o day_n put_v in_o writing_n so_o do_v inas_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n what_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v remain_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v by_o a_o model_n of_o they_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o hoel_n dha_n that_o be_v hoel_n the_o good_a nothing_o consonant_a to_o these_o of_o we_o at_o this_o day_n or_o those_o of_o the_o saxon_n in_o time_n past_a but_o we_o find_v by_o the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n i._n do_v so_o concur_v in_o many_o thing_n with_o they_o of_o the_o other_o nation_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o sometime_o he_o not_o only_o cit_v the_o salic_a law_n and_o the_o ribuarian_a or_o belgic_a law_n by_o name_n but_o deduce_v much_o of_o the_o text_n verbatim_o from_o they_o and_o we_o find_v also_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o word_n of_o art_n name_n of_o office_n officer_n and_o minister_n in_o our_o law_n common_a in_o old_a time_n to_o the_o german_n french_a salique_n longobard_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o to_o our_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n but_o not_o one_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o british_a tongue_n nor_o do_v we_o retain_v any_o law_n rite_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n which_o we_o receive_v not_o from_o the_o saxon_n or_o german_n as_o use_v also_o by_o they_o of_o old_a before_o they_o come_v into_o britain_n for_o these_o few_o greek_a word_n that_o be_v find_v in_o our_o law_n chirographer_n and_o protonotary_n whereby_o some_o argue_v the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o caesar_n and_o pliny_n report_v to_o have_v use_v the_o greek_a tongue_n it_o be_v doubtless_o that_o they_o be_v come_v to_o we_o from_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n and_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o mongrel_n half_a greek_a and_o half_a latin_a can_v not_o descend_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o have_v neither_o knowledge_n nor_o use_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n they_o therefore_o that_o fetch_v our_o law_n from_o brutus_n mulmutius_n the_o druid_n or_o any_o other_o brutish_a or_o british_a inhabitant_n here_o of_o old_a affirm_v that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n viz._n britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o of_o their_o king_n this_o realm_n be_v still_o rule_v with_o the_o self_n same_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n vi_o govern_v withal_o do_v like_o they_o that_o make_v the_o arcadian_n to_o be_v elder_a than_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o god_n terminus_n to_o be_v so_o fix_v on_o the_o capitoline-hill_n as_o neither_o mattock_n nor_o spade_n nor_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man_n nor_o of_o the_o other_o god_n can_v remove_v he_o from_o the_o place_n he_o stand_v in_o and_o thus_o i_o end_v appendix_n pat._n 11._o hen._n iii_o m._n 13._o rex_fw-la universis_fw-la patentes_fw-la literas_fw-la inspecturis_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n episcopus_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la &_o fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la gratiam_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la precept_n nostro_fw-la itiner_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o a_o principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la subscriptis_fw-la viz._n in_o assizis_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n novae_fw-la diss_fw-la de_fw-fr magna_fw-la assiza_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la emergerint_fw-la coram_fw-la eisdem_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la pertinent_a ita_fw-la quod_fw-la haec_fw-la concessio_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la tantum_fw-la durabit_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quas_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la protestati_fw-la sumus_fw-la quod_fw-la concessio_fw-la illa_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la eundem_fw-la diem_fw-la cum_fw-la igitur_fw-la supplicaverimus_fw-la ven._n patri_fw-la iu_o archiepiscopo_fw-la eboracensi_fw-la de_fw-la consimili_fw-la gratia_fw-la nobis_fw-la concedenda_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la protestamur_fw-la quod_fw-la dictus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la ebor._fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la proviciam_fw-la svam_fw-la id_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la sicut_fw-la praedictum_fw-la est_fw-la nobis_fw-la duxerit_fw-la concedendum_fw-la concessio_fw-la ista_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la diem_fw-la eundem_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la ebor._fw-la dedi_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la sigillo_fw-la nostro_fw-la signatas_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 11._o nou._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la undecimo_fw-la claus_n 11._o h._n iii_o m._n 26._o rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la stephano_n de_fw-fr segrave_n &_o roberto_n de_fw-fr lexinton_n &_o sociis_fw-la suis_fw-la justice_n itinerantibus_fw-la in_o com._n warw._n leic._n glouc._n &_o wigorn._n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n archiep._n auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la concessi_fw-la quod_fw-la juramenta_fw-la praestentur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la itinerant_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la corum_fw-la usque_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o à _fw-la principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la viz._n in_o ass_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la ass_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la emergerint_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la sicut_fw-la plenius_fw-la nobis_fw-la constitit_fw-la ex_fw-la inspectione_n literarum_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n quas_fw-la inde_fw-la vobis_fw-la mittimus_fw-la rogamus_fw-la ut_fw-la v._o p._n w._n ebor._fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la concedens_fw-la juramenta_fw-la in_o consimilibus_fw-la causis_fw-la praestari_fw-la infra_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la praesat_fw-la terminum_fw-la literas_fw-la svas_fw-la patentes_fw-la consimiles_fw-la literas_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n inde_fw-la habere_fw-la faciat_fw-la ut_fw-la autem_fw-la liberius_fw-la &_o facilius_fw-la hoc_fw-la volet_fw-la facere_fw-la misimus_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quales_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la domino_fw-la cant._n protestants_n quoth_v post_n terminum_fw-la praefatum_fw-la concessio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la nobis_fw-la facta_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la trahi_fw-la in_o obseruantiam_fw-la vobis_fw-la
his_o great_a knowledge_n and_o that_o he_o live_v near_o to_o the_o conquest_n by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n than_o we_o do_v exchequer_n well_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o elder_a and_o one_o that_o may_v see_v some_o that_o live_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n the_o author_n of_o the_o black-book_n of_o the_o chequer_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v cap._n 16._o fol._n 16._o b._n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la illis_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la normanniae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la what_o be_v those_o neustrian_a law_n or_o what_o can_v they_o be_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n for_o preserve_v peace_n save_v military_a tenor_n and_o the_o exchequer_n itself_o where_o the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o these_o tenor_n lie_v be_v bring_v in_o also_o by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n live_v long_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o be_v one_o of_o his_o domestic_n or_o familiar_n as_o he_o term_v himself_o and_o by_o he_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o general_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n and_o give_v their_o land_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o other_o but_o change_v also_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n the_o form_n of_o their_o charter_n and_o the_o course_n of_o make_v knight_n whereupon_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o knight-service_n have_v since_o depend_v see_v his_o word_n p._n 901._o for_o at_o that_o time_n miles_n &_o per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v all_o one_o by_o glanvil_n testimony_n lib._n 7._o ca._n 3._o p._n 49._o but_o when_o all_o fail_v i_o hope_v they_o will_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o his_o law_n and_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o parliament_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n use_v these_o word_n statuimus_fw-la &_o sirmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la bene_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o peragendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la forisfacturam_fw-la plenam_fw-la here_o the_o word_n statuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o conqueror_n institution_n and_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la imply_v that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a before_o this_o grant_n but_o there_o may_v lie_v the_o same_o objection_n against_o it_o which_o myself_o make_v against_o the_o like_a in_o edw._n the_o confessor_n law_n that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o differ_a letter_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o text_n and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o copy_n leave_v unto_o we_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n i_o acknowledge_v it_o but_o i_o see_v that_o here_o every_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o manner_n law_n time_n and_o idiom_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v fall_v out_o as_o it_o do_v of_o old_a in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o sardis_n and_o many_o other_o too_o several_a council_n to_o be_v join_v together_o for_o hoveden_n mention_v his_o copy_n to_o be_v decretum_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la claudia_n that_o be_v gloster_n but_o lambard_n his_o to_o be_v in_o civitate_fw-la londra_n london_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v two_o several_a constitution_n make_v at_o several_a time_n and_o place_n and_o here_o put_v together_o into_o one_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o be_v very_o observable_a for_o it_o discover_v that_o which_o elsewhere_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o perspicuous_o relate_v that_o the_o great_a dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o ministerial_a thanes_z which_o before_o be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o life_n and_o those_o also_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o enjoy_v the_o knight_n fee_n no_o otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v either_o now_o erect_v with_o we_o or_o make_v hereditary_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n before_o recite_v till_o now_o therefore_o there_o can_v no_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n or_o other_o feodal_n servitude_n thereupon_o depend_v be_v among_o we_o nor_o can_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la be_v take_v for_o haereditas_fw-la the_o one_o be_v former_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o for_o cujacius_n and_o the_o feudist_n feud_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 17._o p._n 166._o make_v proprietas_fw-la alodium_fw-la &_o haereditas_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o in_o feodal_n sense_n and_o feodum_fw-la to_o be_v contrary_a to_o they_o all_o as_o res_fw-la alienae_n proprietatis_fw-la servituti_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la &_o successionis_fw-la coercitae_fw-la and_o be_v until_o this_o time_n not_o hereditary_a but_o arbitrable_a the_o course_n be_v thus_o change_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v present_o pursue_v here_o in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o norman_a manner_n as_o appear_v in_o doomsday_n where_o it_o be_v say_v habet_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulpho_n de_fw-fr limb_n 50_o carucat_n terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n he_o join_v normannia_n with_o feudum_n as_o to_o show_v we_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o where_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o pattern_n of_o it_o disuse_v the_o old_a saxon_a manner_n of_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n by_o hide_n and_o levy_v soldier_n according_a to_o the_o hide_n grow_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o instead_o thereof_o the_o king_n war_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o knight_n fee_n the_o number_n whereof_o short_o after_o be_v account_v as_o sprott_n the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n relate_v to_o 60215._o and_o of_o they_o he_o say_v 28115._o be_v in_o the_o clergy_n hand_n the_o norman_n also_o change_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hyde_n of_o land_n and_o call_v it_o carruè_fw-fr a_o plough_n land_n and_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o erect_v and_o lay_v forth_o their_o knight_n fee_n assign_v ordinary_o two_o carrue_n or_o plough_n land_n to_o a_o knight_n fee_n for_o it_o be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o black_a register_n of_o st._n edmunds-bury_a that_o will._n the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o baldwin_n then_o abbot_n there_o octoginta_fw-la carucatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la unde_fw-la feodaret_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la milites_fw-la and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o so_o much_o land_n in_o those_o time_n be_v a_o knight_n fee_n at_o this_o day_n value_v in_o the_o law_n book_n but_o at_o five_o pound_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n i_o will_v wander_v no_o further_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o suppose_v i_o may_v be_v bold_a out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v already_o say_v to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o our_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o my_o conjecture_n do_v not_o cross_v the_o force_n of_o any_o law_n but_o now_o i_o come_v to_o a_o end_n i_o must_v discover_v a_o great_a mistake_v commit_v by_o he_o that_o draw_v the_o breviate_v for_o the_o reverend_a judge_n for_o he_o have_v make_v we_o all_o on_o both_o side_n like_o pan_n in_o ovid_n to_o touse_v a_o reed-sheaf_n instead_o of_o syrinx_n or_o like_o ixion_n to_o embrace_v a_o cloud_n instead_o of_o juno_n to_o labour_n much_o about_o a_o surmised_a assertion_n of_o his_o own_o instead_o of_o that_o which_o i_o deliver_v the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v no_o where_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n nay_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o they_o i_o say_v habentur_fw-la plurima_fw-la quae_fw-la apprime_fw-la huc_fw-la conducunt_fw-la in_o anglo_n saxonum_n nostrorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o this_o i_o still_o affirm_v but_o my_o word_n which_o he_o have_v much_o pervert_v be_v these_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la it_o be_v neither_o my_o word_n nor_o my_o meaning_n to_o say_v that_o he_o first_o bring_v in_o either_o feud_n or_o military_a service_n in_o a_o general_a sense_n but_o that_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o servitude_n and_o grievance_n of_o feud_n viz._n wardship_n marriage_n and_o such_o like_a which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v never_o know_v to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o feodal_n law_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n
the_o other_o lose_v their_o privilege_n and_o come_v to_o be_v term-day_n i_o can_v find_v it_o suffice_v that_o custom_n have_v repeal_v they_o by_o confession_n of_o the_o 10._o canonist_n yet_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o there_o be_v matter_n for_o it_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o church_n under_o islepe_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n iii_o for_o though_o many_o ancient_a law_n and_o the_o decretal_n of_o conquestus_fw-la gregory_n ix_o have_v ordain_v judicialem_fw-la strepitum_fw-la diebus_fw-la conquiescere_fw-la feriatis_fw-la yet_o in_o a_o synod_n then_o hold_v wherein_o all_o the_o holiday_n be_v appoint_v and_o particular_o recite_v no_o restraint_n of_o judicature_n or_o forensis_fw-la strepitus_fw-la be_v impose_v but_o a_o cessation_n only_a ab_fw-la universis_fw-la servilibus_fw-la operibus_fw-la etiam_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la utilibus_fw-la which_o though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o phrase_n that_o god_n himself_o use_v touch_v many_o great_a feast_n viz._n 25._o omne_fw-la servile_a opus_fw-la non_fw-la facietis_fw-la in_o iis_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o in_o that_o wherein_o he_o institute_v the_o seven_o day_n to_o be_v the_o sabbath_n 3._o non_fw-la facies_fw-la omne_fw-la opus_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la without_o servile_a thou_o shall_v do_v no_o manner_n of_o work_n therein_o now_o the_o act_n of_o judicature_n and_o of_o hear_v and_o determine_v controversy_n be_v not_o opus_fw-la servile_a but_o honoratum_fw-la &_o plane_n regium_n and_o so_o not_o within_o the_o prohibition_n of_o this_o our_o canon_n which_o be_v the_o latter_a seem_v to_o qualify_v all_o the_o former_a yea_o the_o canonist_n and_o casuist_n themselves_o not_o only_o expound_v opus_fw-la servile_a of_o corporal_a and_o mechanic_n labour_n but_o admit_v twenty_o six_o several_a case_n where_o even_o in_o that_o very_a kind_n dispensation_n lie_v against_o the_o canon_n and_o by_o much_o more_o reason_n then_o with_o this_o in_o question_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o canon_n consequent_o give_v liberty_n to_o hold_v plea_n and_o court_n upon_o other_o festival_n in_o the_o vacation_n i_o confess_v that_o so_o it_o seem_v but_o this_o canon_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o bound_n and_o course_n of_o the_o term_n which_o before_o be_v settle_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o land_n so_o that_o in_o that_o point_n it_o wrought_v nothing_o rogation-day_n but_o here_o arise_v another_o question_n how_o it_o chance_v that_o the_o court_n sit_v in_o easter-term_n upon_o the_o rogation-day_n it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o council_n of_o medard_n and_o by_o the_o intention_n of_o divers_a other_o constitution_n it_o seem_v that_o it_o never_o be_v so_o use_v in_o england_n or_o at_o least_o not_o for_o many_o age_n especial_o since_o gregory_n ix_o insomuch_o that_o among_o the_o day_n wherein_o he_o prohibit_v forensem_fw-la strepitum_fw-la clamourous_a plead_n etc._n etc._n he_o name_v they_o not_o and_o though_o he_o do_v yet_o the_o glossographer_n say_v that_o a_o nation_n may_v by_o custom_n erect_v a_o feast_n that_o be_v not_o command_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n 10._o et_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la posset_n ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la introduci_fw-la quod_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la praecepto_fw-la non_fw-la essent_fw-la de_fw-fr praecepto_fw-la sicut_fw-la de_fw-la tribus_fw-la diebus_fw-la rogationum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o be_v short_a i_o find_v no_o such_o privilege_n for_o they_o in_o our_o court_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v exempt_a from_o suit_n though_o we_o admit_v they_o other_o church_n rite_n and_o ceremony_n other_o we_o must_v now_o if_o we_o can_v show_v why_o the_o court_n sit_v upon_o so_o many_o ferial_a and_o holiday_n do_v forbear_v to_o sit_v upon_o some_o other_o which_o before_o i_o mention_v the_o purification_n ascension_n st._n john_n baptist_n all-saint_n etc._n etc._n for_o in_o the_o synod_n under_o islepe_o before_o mention_v no_o prerogative_n be_v give_v to_o they_o above_o the_o rest_n that_o fall_v in_o the_o term_n as_o namely_o st._n mark_n and_o st._n philip_n and_o jacob_n when_o they_o do_v fall_v in_o easter-term_n st._n peter_n in_o trinity-term_n 1._o st._n luke_n and_o ss_z simon_n and_o judas_n in_o michaelmass-term_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o although_o the_o synod_n do_v only_o prohibit_v opera_fw-la servilia_fw-la to_o be_v do_v on_o festival-day_n as_o the_o offence_n most_o in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o give_v licence_n to_o do_v any_o act_n that_o be_v former_o prohibit_v by_o any_o law_n or_o canon_n and_o therefore_o if_o by_o colour_n thereof_o or_o any_o former_a use_n which_o be_v like_a enough_o the_o court_n do_v sit_v on_o lesser_a festival_n yet_o they_o never_o do_v it_o on_o the_o great_a among_o which_o as_o majoris_fw-la cautelae_fw-la gratia_fw-la those_o opera_fw-la servilia_fw-la be_v there_o also_o prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v on_o easter-day_n pentecost_n and_o the_o sunday_n itself_o festival_n let_v we_o then_o see_v which_o be_v the_o great_a feast_n and_o by_o what_o merit_n they_o obtain_v the_o privilege_n that_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n sit_v not_o on_o they_o as_o for_o sunday_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v canonize_v by_o god_n himself_o as_o for_o easter_n and_o whitsunday_n they_o fall_v not_o in_o the_o term_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o parliament_n hold_v or_o at_o least_o begin_v on_o whitsunday_n but_o touch_v feast_n in_o general_a it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o canonist_n and_o such_o as_o write_v 31._o de_fw-fr divinis_fw-la officiis_n divide_v they_o into_o three_o sort_n viz._n festa_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la duplicia_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la duplicia_fw-la &_o semiduplicia_fw-la and_o they_o call_v they_o duplicia_fw-la or_o double_a feast_n for_o that_o all_o or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o service_n on_o those_o day_n be_v begin_v voice_fw-la duplici_fw-la that_o be_v by_o two_o singing-man_n whereas_o on_o other_o day_n all_o be_v do_v by_o one_o our_o cathedral_n church_n do_v yet_o observe_v it_o i_o mean_v not_o to_o stay_v upon_o it_o look_v the_o 1._o rationale_n which_o feast_n be_v of_o every_o of_o these_o kind_n the_o ordinary_a apostle_n be_v of_o the_o last_o and_o therefore_o our_o court_n make_v bold_a with_o they_o but_o the_o purification_n ascension_n st._n john_n baptist_n with_o some_o other_o that_o fall_v not_o in_o the_o term_n be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o because_o of_o this_o and_o some_o other_o prerogative_n be_v also_o call_v festa_fw-la majora_n festa_fw-la principalia_fw-la &_o dies_fw-la novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la ordinary_o double_a feast_n and_o grand_a day_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o they_o in_o a_o 5._o ordinance_n 8._o edw._n iii_o that_o writ_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o bishop_n to_o accurse_v all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o perturber_n of_o the_o church_n etc._n etc._n every_o sunday_n and_o double_a feast_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o must_v needs_o show_v why_o they_o be_v call_v dies_fw-la novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la for_o so_o our_o old_a pica_n de_fw-fr sarum_n style_v they_o and_o therein_o lie_v their_o great_a privilege_n after_o the_o arian_n heresy_n against_o the_o trinity_n be_v by_o the_o father_n of_o that_o time_n most_o powerful_o confute_v and_o suppress_v the_o church_n in_o memory_n of_o that_o most_o bless_a victory_n and_o for_o better_a establish_n of_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n in_o that_o point_n do_v ordain_v that_o upon_o divers_a festival-day_n in_o the_o year_n a_o particular_a lesson_n touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o trinity_n beside_o the_o other_o eight_o shall_v be_v read_v in_o their_o service_n with_o rejoice_v and_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n for_o suppress_v that_o horrible_a heresy_n and_o for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n some_o 158._o bishop_n or_o the_o chief_a clergyman_n present_a do_v perform_v that_o duty_n thus_o come_v these_o day_n to_o their_o style_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o be_v honour_v with_o extraordinary_a music_n church-service_n robe_n apparel_n feast_v etc._n etc._n with_o a_o particular_a exemption_n from_o law-tryal_n among_o the_o norman_n who_o therefore_o keep_v they_o the_o more_o respective_o here_o in_o england_n festa_fw-la enim_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la say_v belethus_n digniori_fw-la cultu_fw-la sunt_fw-la celebrandi_fw-la 〈…〉_z in_o france_n they_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o grand_a day_n both_o differ_v from_o we_o first_o they_o call_v they_o les_fw-fr grand_fw-fr jours_fw-fr wherein_o a_o extraordinary_a session_n be_v hold_v in_o any_o circuit_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a judge_n of_o parliament_n second_o those_o in_o which_o the_o peer_n of_o france_n hold_v once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n their_o court_n of_o haught_fw-mi justice_n all_o other_o court_v be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n silent_a see_v touch_v these_o loyseau_fw-fr de_fw-fr seigneures_fw-fr 〈…〉_z to_o come_v back_o to_o england_n and_o our_o own_o grand_a day_n i_o see_v some_o difference_n in_o account_v of_o they_o
&_o honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la ac_fw-la jurium_fw-la &_o dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la commodum_fw-la diligitis_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la omittatis_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la turrim_n london_n xii_o die_v junii_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la ¶_o vide_fw-la plus_fw-fr de_fw-fr returnis_n ll._n h._n ii_o cap._n 59_o chap._n viii_o why_o i_o have_v use_v so_o much_o canon_n and_o foreign_a law_n in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_a of_o our_o law_n i_o have_v use_v much_o canon_n and_o some_o other_o foreign_a law_n in_o this_o discourse_n yet_o i_o take_v it_o not_o impertinent_o for_o as_o these_o western_a nation_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n deduce_v from_o the_o german_n so_o in_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o affinity_n in_o their_o law_n fancy_n non_fw-la omnibus_fw-la una_fw-la nec_fw-la diversa_fw-la tamen_fw-la qualem_fw-la decet_fw-la esse_fw-la sororum_fw-la they_o that_o look_v into_o the_o law_n of_o our_o english_a saxon_n of_o the_o salique_n french_a almayn_v ripuarian_n bavarian_o longobard_n and_o other_o german_a nation_n about_o 800._o year_n since_o shall_v easy_o find_v it_o out_o of_o they_o and_o other_o manner_n rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n be_v the_o first_o part_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o law_n common_o call_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o common_a law_n two_o other_o principal_a part_n as_o from_o two_o pole-star_n take_v their_o direction_n from_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o our_o brethren_n the_o longobard_n descend_v of_o saxon_a lineage_n as_o well_o as_o we_o call_v otherwise_o the_o feodal-law_n receive_v general_o through_o all_o europe_n for_o in_o matter_n concern_v the_o church_n and_o churchman_n advousons_n patronage_n presentation_n legitimation_n matrimony_n will_n testament_n adultery_n defamation_n oath_n perjury_n day_n of_o law_n day_n of_o vacation_n wager_n of_o law_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n it_o proceed_v sometime_o whole_o sometime_o for_o the_o great_a part_n by_o the_o rule_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o in_o matter_n touch_v inheritance_n fee_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n rent_n service_n ward_n marriage_n of_o ward_n relief_n treason_n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n escheat_n dower_n of_o the_o three_o part_n aid_n fine_n felony_n forfeiture_n trial_n by_o battle_n essoine_n warranty_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o feodal_n law_n chief_o as_o those_o that_o read_v the_o book_n of_o those_o law_n collect_v by_o obertus_n and_o gerardus_n may_v see_v apparent_o though_o we_o and_o divers_a other_o nation_n according_a as_o befit_v every_o one_o in_o their_o particular_a respect_n do_v in_o many_o thing_n vary_v from_o they_o which_o obertus_n confess_v to_o be_v requisite_a and_o to_o happen_v often_o among_o the_o longobard_n themselves_o i_o do_v marvel_n many_o time_n that_o my_o lord_n cook_n adorn_v our_o law_n with_o so_o many_o flower_n of_o antiquity_n and_o foreign_a learning_n have_v not_o as_o i_o suppose_v turn_v aside_o into_o this_o field_n from_o whence_o so_o many_o root_n of_o our_o law_n have_v of_o old_a be_v take_v and_o transplant_v i_o wish_v some_o worthy_a lawyer_n will_v read_v they_o diligent_o and_o show_v the_o several_a head_n from_o whence_o these_o of_o we_o be_v take_v they_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o only_o diligent_a but_o very_o curious_a in_o this_o kind_n but_o we_o be_v all_o for_o profit_n and_o lucrando_fw-la pane_fw-la take_v what_o we_o find_v at_o market_n without_o inquire_v whence_o it_o come_v another_o great_a portion_n of_o our_o common_a law_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n unless_o we_o will_v say_v that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v derive_v from_o we_o dr._n cowel_n who_o have_v learned_o travel_v in_o compare_v and_o parallel_v of_o they_o affirm_v that_o no_o law_n of_o any_o christian_a nation_n whatsoever_o approach_v near_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n than_o this_o of_o we_o his_o meaning_n be_v no_o municipal_a law_n yet_o he_o say_v that_o all_o of_o they_o generali_fw-la huius_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la aequitate_fw-la temperantur_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la condiuntur_fw-la have_v he_o not_o say_v it_o his_o book_n itself_o entitle_v institutiones_fw-la juris_fw-la anglicani_n ad_fw-la methodum_fw-la &_o seriem_fw-la institutionum_fw-la imperialium_fw-la compositae_fw-la &_o digestae_fw-la will_v demonstrate_v it_o which_o bracton_n also_o above_o 300._o year_n before_o right_a well_o understanding_n not_o only_o cit_v the_o digest_v and_o book_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o many_o place_n for_o warrant_n of_o our_o common_a law_n but_o in_o handle_v our_o law_n pursue_v the_o method_n phrase_n and_o matter_n of_o justinian_n institutes_n of_o civil_a law_n when_o and_o how_o these_o several_a part_n be_v bring_v into_o our_o common_a law_n be_v neither_o easy_o nor_o definitive_o to_o be_v express_v those_o no_o doubt_n of_o canon_n law_n by_o the_o prevalency_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o several_a age_n those_o of_o the_o feodal_n by_o military_a prince_n at_o and_o short_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o those_o of_o civil_a law_n by_o such_o of_o our_o reverend_a judge_n and_o sage_n of_o ancient_a time_n as_o for_o justice_n and_o knowledge_n sake_n seek_v instruction_n thence_o when_o they_o find_v no_o rule_n at_o home_n to_o guide_v their_o judgement_n by_o for_o i_o suppose_v they_o in_o those_o day_n judge_v many_o thing_n ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la &_o bono_fw-mi and_o that_o their_o judgement_n after_o as_o responsa_fw-la prudentium_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o codex_fw-la theodosianus_n become_v precedent_n of_o law_n unto_o posterity_n as_o for_o the_o part_n give_v unto_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o refer_v they_o as_o they_o proper_o belong_v to_o our_o statute_n law_n though_o our_o lawyer_n do_v reckon_v they_o ordinary_o for_o common_a law_n among_o these_o various_a head_n of_o our_o law_n i_o deduce_v none_o from_o the_o scot_n yet_o must_v i_o confess_v that_o if_o those_o law_n of_o they_o which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o malcolm_n the_o second_o who_o live_v about_o sixty_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v of_o that_o antiquity_n which_o i_o can_v but_o question_n and_o that_o our_o book_n call_v glanvil_n be_v whole_o in_o effect_n and_o verbatim_o for_o the_o great_a part_n take_v out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o their_o law_n call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la for_o they_o pretend_v that_o to_o be_v elder_a than_o our_o glanvil_n i_o must_v i_o say_v ingenuous_o confess_v that_o the_o great_a part_n or_o portion_n of_o our_o law_n be_v come_v from_o scotland_n which_o none_o i_o think_v verse_v either_o in_o story_n or_o antiquity_n will_v or_o can_v admit_v to_o come_v therefore_o to_o the_o point_n if_o my_o opinion_n be_v any_o thing_n i_o think_v the_o foundation_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v lay_v by_o our_o german_a ancestor_n but_o build_v upon_o and_o polish_v by_o material_n take_v from_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o civil_a law_n and_o under_o the_o capacious_a name_n of_o german_n i_o not_o only_o intend_v our_o saxon_n but_o the_o ancient_a french_a and_o salique_n not_o exclude_v from_o that_o fraternity_n the_o cimbrian_a nation_n i._n e._n the_o norwegian_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o let_v it_o not_o more_o mislike_v we_o to_o take_v our_o law_n from_o the_o noble_a german_n a_o prime_a and_o most_o potent_a people_n than_o it_o do_v the_o conquer_a roman_n they_o from_o greece_n or_o the_o learned_a grecian_n they_o from_o the_o hebrew_n good_a it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o the_o britain_n shall_v be_v the_o author_n of_o they_o or_o that_o their_o law_n after_o so_o many_o transmutation_n of_o people_n and_o government_n but_o especial_o after_o the_o expulsion_n in_o a_o manner_n of_o their_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o of_o their_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o freeman_n the_o abolish_n of_o their_o language_n and_o the_o cessation_n of_o all_o commerce_n with_o they_o and_o a_o hereditary_a hostility_n settle_v between_o these_o nation_n that_o after_o all_o this_o i_o say_v they_o shall_v remain_v or_o be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o conquer_a enemy_n who_o scarce_o suffer_v one_o town_n in_o a_o county_n to_o be_v call_v as_o they_o name_v it_o or_o one_o british_a word_n almost_o that_o i_o yet_o have_v learned_a to_o creep_v into_o their_o language_n admit_v that_o much_o of_o their_o servile_a and_o base_a people_n remain_v behind_o they_o please_v perhaps_o as_o well_o with_o their_o new_a lord_n as_o with_o their_o old_a can_v we_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n shall_v take_v either_o law_n or_o manner_n or_o form_n of_o government_n from_o these_o base_a and_o servile_a people_n i_o will_v not_o blemish_v the_o least_o feather_n of_o the_o british_a honour_n but_o i_o must_v follow_v the_o truth_n
to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n
land_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o levite_n be_v give_v to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 17._o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o tribe_n to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o his_o idolatrous_a enemy_n and_o to_o root_v they_o out_o thus_o may_v fancy_n couple_v the_o remote_a thing_n to_o come_v low_o down_o and_o near_a home_n 118._o pausanias_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o when_o brennus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o britain_n invade_v greece_n with_o a_o army_n of_o gaul_n every_o horseman_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v two_o other_o gaul_n horseman_n to_o attend_v and_o second_v he_o as_o his_o vassal_n and_o they_o three_o together_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trimarcesiam_n i._n e._n a_o society_n of_o three_o horseman_n 118._o but_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o noble_a gaul_n in_o his_o time_n have_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n many_o horseman_n attend_v they_o in_o war_n who_o by_o a_o german_a word_n he_o call_v ambactos_fw-la which_o proper_o signify_v servant_n vassal_n workman_n ambactâ—_n and_o labourer_n yet_o he_o by_o a_o fair_a name_n expound_v it_o there_o 184._o in_o latin_a clientes_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n 124._o call_v they_o among_o the_o german_n comites_fw-la &_o familiares_fw-la as_o account_v they_o like_o abraham_n 14._o 318._o soldier_n to_o be_v all_o their_o lord_n follower_n and_o of_o his_o family_n tacitus_n 129._o likewise_o name_v they_o comites_fw-la as_o companion_n and_o follower_n quod_fw-la bello_fw-la sequi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coguntur_fw-la say_v 284._o cujacius_n but_o tacitus_n further_o say_v gradus_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la ipse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la habet_fw-la judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la quem_fw-la sectantur_fw-la that_o there_o be_v degree_n in_o those_o company_n as_o he_o who_o they_o follow_v do_v appoint_v like_o they_o perhaps_o in_o after-age_n of_o earl_n baron_n knight_n etc._n etc._n but_o how_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o ambacti_fw-la be_v maintain_v neither_o caesar_n nor_o yet_o tacitus_n have_v relate_v as_o for_o such_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n they_o can_v not_o then_o have_v any_o for_o caesar_n 120._o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n mor._n neque_fw-la cuique_fw-la agri_fw-la modum_fw-la certum_fw-la aut_fw-la fine_n proprios_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o certain_a estate_n or_o peculiar_a bound_n of_o land_n but_o the_o magistrate_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o kindred_n and_o such_o as_o live_v together_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o think_v good_a and_o the_o next_o year_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v the_o reason_n you_o may_v see_v in_o caesar_n who_o 121._o also_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o common_a magistrate_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o territory_n set_v what_o law_n he_o will_v among_o his_o follower_n or_o ambactos_fw-la these_o law_n the_o goth_n the_o swede_n the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n call_v bilagines_n of_o by_o which_o in_o all_o these_o language_n signify_v a_o town_n and_o lagh_o or_o laghen_fw-mi which_o signify_v law_n as_o gravius_n nostro_fw-la suecus_n and_o our_o saxon_a author_n testify_v and_o though_o jornandes_n a_o spanish_a goth_n write_v it_o after_o the_o spanish_a corruption_n bellagineâ—_n yet_o we_o in_o england_n keep_v the_o very_a radix_fw-la and_o word_n itself_o by-law_n even_a unto_o this_o day_n though_o divert_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sense_n that_o caesar_n speak_v of_o for_o we_o call_v they_o town-law_n or_o by-law_n which_o the_o townsman_n make_v among_o themselves_o but_o caesar_n show_v that_o the_o lord_n impose_v they_o herewith_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n or_o some_o other_o ancient_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicunt_fw-la they_o give_v law_n to_o they_o which_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n for_o i_o take_v agricolis_fw-la here_o in_o the_o large_a sense_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o that_o dwell_v upon_o the_o lord_n land_n as_o well_o his_o military_a follower_n as_o his_o husbandman_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o solicolae_fw-la contain_v all_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o soil_n ruricolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o the_o country_n and_o coelicolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o heaven_n these_o lordship_n of_o town_n which_o caesar_n speak_v of_o be_v after_o by_o the_o norman_n call_v maneria_fw-la the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o comites_fw-la and_o these_o which_o he_o say_v sectabantur_fw-la dominos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v call_v vassalli_n and_o sectatores_fw-la manerii_fw-la sive_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la vassal_n and_o suitor_n of_o court_n the_o bilagines_n or_o town-law_n be_v call_v consuetudines_fw-la and_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o follower_n and_o suitor_n be_v call_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n assign_v to_o his_o follower_n for_o their_o stipend_n or_o maintenance_n be_v at_o first_o call_v munera_fw-la after_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n or_o tenant-land_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o for_o military_a man_n call_v feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la nobile_fw-la tenure_n by_o knights-service_n the_o other_o for_o husbandman_n call_v therefore_o feudum_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o by_o the_o plough_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o feud_n and_o tenor_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n itself_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o german_n and_o northern_a nation_n in_o such_o condition_n therefore_o how_o obscure_a soever_o as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n leave_v they_o to_o we_o 1._o gerardus_n niger_n the_o consul_n of_o milan_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 1176._o and_o first_o compose_v they_o into_o a_o book_n take_v they_o up_o as_o he_o there_o find_v they_o and_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n as_o have_v the_o forementioned_a passage_n under_o his_o eye_n say_v antiquissimo_fw-la tempore_fw-la sic_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dominorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la connexum_fw-la ut_fw-la quando_fw-la vellent_fw-la possent_fw-la auferre_fw-la rem_fw-la in_o feudum_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la datam_fw-la and_o this_o agree_v with_o caesar_n by_o who_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o follower_n of_o the_o german_n have_v in_o those_o time_n either_o no_o land_n at_o all_o or_o no_o estate_n at_o all_o in_o their_o land_n or_o first_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o then_o but_o for_o one_o single_a year_n which_o gerardus_n also_o confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n of_o feudatary_n for_o he_o say_v present_o after_o his_o former_a word_n postea_fw-la vero_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la haberent_fw-la res_fw-la in_fw-la feudum_fw-la datae_fw-la thus_o for_o another_o while_n their_o feudal_n vassal_n who_o here_o he_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o we_o now_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n enjoy_v their_o feud_n no_o otherwise_o than_o from_o year_n to_o year_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o grant_n or_o sufferance_n 21._o till_o further_a grace_n confirm_v they_o to_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n and_o at_o length_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o gerardus_n also_o present_o there_o declare_v say_v deinde_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la producerentur_fw-la feuda_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n stand_v the_o principal_a feud_n themselves_o even_o those_o of_o earldom_n and_o dukedom_n which_o they_o call_v feuda_fw-la majora_fw-la and_o feuda_fw-la regalia_z in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o lesser_a feud_n which_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o abby-book_n otherwise_o than_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o lease_n and_o grant_n make_v by_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n to_o their_o follower_n for_o term_n of_o life_n without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feudal_n service_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a precedent_n â—6_n leave_v we_o by_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o in_o grant_v out_o the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n unto_o his_o follower_n for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o solemn_a instrument_n ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o service_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a which_o after_o you_o shall_v here_o see_v and_o then_o consider_v how_o and_o whither_o they_o conduce_v to_o our_o feud_n or_o not_o liâ—e_z if_o we_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o that_o nature_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o for_o life_n and_o not_o inheritable_a nor_o stretch_v further_o without_o further_a grace_n obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n
for_o which_o purpose_n conradus_n salicus_n a_o french_a emperor_n but_o of_o german_a descent_n go_v to_o rome_n about_o forty_o five_o year_n before_o the_o time_n of_o our_o king_n edgar_n viz._n sub_fw-la an._n dom._n 915._o to_o fetch_v his_o crown_n from_o pope_n john_n x._o make_v a_o constitution_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o his_o soldier_n that_o silij_fw-la or_o aviatici_fw-la the_o son_n or_o if_o no_o son_n be_v live_v the_o nephew_n or_o grandson_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o feud_n of_o their_o father_n see_v the_o constitution_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o feud_n but_o gerardus_n note_v that_o this_o law_n settle_v not_o the_o feud_n upon_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o any_o other_o son_n of_o the_o feudatarie_n particular_o but_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o lord_n election_n to_o please_v himself_o with_o which_o of_o they_o he_o will_v after_o this_o feud_n be_v continue_v in_o divers_a place_n by_o several_a increment_n to_o the_o three_o four_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o generation_n and_o sometime_o for_o want_n of_o lineal_a issue_n collateral_o to_o the_o brother_n as_o gerardus_n testify_v but_o whether_o by_o some_o positive_a law_n or_o by_o the_o munificence_n of_o the_o lord_n he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o nor_o when_o or_o by_o who_o they_o be_v make_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a though_o he_o confess_v that_o at_o last_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v extend_v in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o the_o elder_a son_n who_o former_o have_v no_o pre-eminence_n above_o a_o young_a brother_n but_o while_o they_o stand_v sometime_o produce_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o indulgence_n of_o prince_n to_o the_o three_o four_o or_o five_o generation_n etc._n etc._n some_o man_n of_o learning_n have_v conclude_v they_o to_o be_v hereditary_a as_o though_o there_o be_v no_o medium_n between_o a_o limitation_n how_o far_o so_o ever_o extend_v and_o infinitum_fw-la hereditary_a to_o pass_v by_o that_o let_v we_o now_o go_v on_o in_o examination_n when_o and_o how_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a some_o suggest_v a_o show_n of_o such_o a_o matter_n under_o the_o two_o othones_fw-la german_n emperor_n who_o succeed_v one_o the_o other_o about_o the_o year_n 973._o but_o to_o rest_v upon_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o at_o large_a declare_v the_o truth_n be_v that_o when_o hugh_n capet_n usurp_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n aga_v the_o carolinge_n he_o to_o fortify_v himself_o and_o to_o draw_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o france_n to_o support_v his_o faction_n about_o the_o year_n 987._o grant_v to_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 988._o that_n whereas_o till_o then_o they_o enjoy_v their_o feud_n and_o honour_n but_o for_o life_n or_o at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o prince_n they_o shall_v from_o thenceforth_o for_o ever_o hold_v they_o to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n in_o feudal_n manner_n by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o that_o he_o will_v according_o maintain_v they_o therein_o as_o they_o support_v he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n which_o they_o joyful_o accept_v england_n this_o be_v a_o fair_a direction_n for_o william_n of_o normandy_n who_o we_o call_v the_o conqueror_n how_o to_o secure_v himself_o of_o this_o his_o new_a acquire_v kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o he_o pretermit_v not_o to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o for_o with_o as_o great_a diligence_n as_o providence_n he_o present_o transfer_v his_o country-custom_n into_o england_n as_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o chequer_n witness_v and_o among_o they_o as_o after_o shall_v be_v make_v perspicuous_a this_o new_a french_a custom_n of_o make_v feud_n hereditary_a not_o regard_v the_o former_a use_n of_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o like_o all_o other_o nation_n save_o the_o french_a continue_v till_o that_o time_n their_o feud_n and_o tenor_n either_o arbitrary_a or_o in_o some_o definite_a limitation_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o german_n receive_v general_o throughout_o europe_n for_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o colony_n and_o transmigration_n into_o all_o the_o chief_a part_n thereof_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o such_o feodal_n right_n as_o be_v then_o in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o plant_v those_o rite_n and_o custom_n in_o those_o several_a country_n where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o do_v by_o that_o mean_n make_v all_o those_o several_a country_n to_o hold_v a_o general_a conformity_n in_o their_o feud_n and_o military_a custom_n so_o by_o the_o longobard_n they_o be_v carry_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o salique_n into_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o frank_n into_o the_o west_n part_v thereof_o by_o the_o saxon_n into_o this_o our_o britain_n by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o western_a goth_n who_o communicate_v with_o the_o german_n in_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n into_o spain_n and_o by_o the_o eastern_a goth_n into_o greece_n itself_o and_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o europe_n etc._n etc._n these_o i_o say_v carry_v with_o they_o into_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o they_o settle_v such_o ancient_a feudal_n custom_n as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o transmigration_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o the_o more_o prevalent_a and_o more_o general_o receive_v custom_n be_v those_o that_o be_v in_o use_n or_o take_v up_o in_o the_o time_n of_o conradus_n the_o emperor_n and_o when_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a for_o on_o they_o especial_o be_v the_o feudal_n law_n ground_v and_o compose_v though_o enlarge_v oftentimes_o by_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o spread_v abroad_o into_o divers_a nation_n by_o their_o example_n countenance_n or_o authority_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o milan_n be_v chief_o follow_v in_o rebus_fw-la judicatis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o duarenus_n 1._o and_o merula_n 3._o but_o reserve_v unto_o every_o nation_n their_o peculiar_a right_n and_o custom_n 409._o for_o it_o be_v general_o receive_v into_o every_o kingdom_n and_o then_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o most_o absolute_a law_n for_o support_v the_o royal_a estate_n preserve_v union_n confirm_v peace_n and_o suppress_v robbery_n incendiary_n and_o rebellion_n i_o conclude_v with_o cujacius_n who_o upon_o the_o abovecited_a passage_n of_o gerardus_n niger_n say_v 21._o quam_fw-la aliam_fw-la feudorum_fw-la originem_fw-la quaerimus_fw-la his_o veluti_fw-la incrementis_fw-la paulatim_fw-la feuda_fw-la constituta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conradum_fw-la usus_fw-la recepit_fw-la ut_fw-la transirent_fw-la ad_fw-la liberos_fw-la mare_n in_fw-la infinitum_fw-la etc._n etc._n title_n the_o military_a and_o lay-feud_n be_v thus_o advance_v from_o a_o arbitrary_a condition_n to_o become_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 180._o do_v now_o in_o ordinary_a account_n leave_v their_o former_a name_n of_o beneficia_fw-la which_o be_v only_o temporary_a for_o year_n or_o life_n unto_o the_o live_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o retain_v to_o themselves_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o feud_n whereby_o they_o be_v produce_v to_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v of_o they_o both_o sai_z ibid._n feudum_fw-la differt_fw-la a_o beneficio_fw-la quod_fw-la hoc_fw-la temporaneum_fw-la fuit_fw-la illud_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la and_o treat_v in_o another_o place_n of_o these_o beneficiarii_fw-la and_o temporarii_fw-la possessores_fw-la he_o say_v further_a 7._o jisdem_fw-la postea_fw-la câ—pit_fw-la concedi_fw-la feudum_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la conclude_v in_o a_o three_o place_n 5._o that_o propria_fw-la feudi_fw-la natura_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la perpetua_fw-la so_o that_o cassineus_fw-la in_o the_o feud_n of_o burgundy_n say_v 437._o that_o omne_fw-la feudum_fw-la quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la acquisitum_fw-la fit_a haereditarium_fw-la cum_fw-la successione_n sit_fw-la redactum_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la allodialium_fw-la that_o all_o feud_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o they_o be_v acquire_v be_v make_v hereditary_a in_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o child_n into_o the_o feud_n of_o their_o father_n the_o feud_n be_v now_o bring_v to_o be_v like_o allodial_a or_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n thus_o feudum_n which_o at_o first_o be_v but_o a_o totter_a possession_n ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la grow_v at_o length_n to_o be_v a_o irrevocable_a estate_n descend_v by_o many_o succession_n from_o son_n to_o son_n become_v at_o last_o to_o be_v a_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o thereupon_o the_o word_n themselves_o feudum_n and_o haereditas_fw-la in_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n quem_fw-la penes_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o &_o norma_fw-la loquendi_fw-la to_o be_v voces_fw-la convertibiles_fw-la and_o by_o a_o fair_a metonymia_fw-la each_o to_o signify_v other_o for_o as_o horace_n further_o say_v verborum_fw-la vetus_fw-la interit_fw-la aetas_fw-la et_fw-la juvenum_fw-la ritu_fw-la florent_fw-la modo_fw-la nata_fw-la vigentque_fw-la apt_o
christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o our_o land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n begin_v to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o perpetuity_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o latin_a name_n of_o homines_fw-la our_o man_n they_o grow_v then_o also_o to_o be_v call_v after_o new_a and_o foreign_a name_n vassalli_n leude_n and_o feudatarii_fw-la by_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o choose_v rather_o to_o grant_v they_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n in_o consideration_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o military_a service_n and_o he_o say_v that_o these_o name_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o german_a prince_n where_o and_o particular_o in_o milan_n as_o merula_n report_v the_o feodal_n law_n and_o custom_n have_v have_v their_o original_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v propagate_v throughout_o europe_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la and_o feudatarii_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o that_o the_o word_n munera_fw-la be_v grow_v obsolete_a nor_o afterward_o till_o beneficia_fw-la leave_v to_o be_v temporary_a or_o but_o for_o life_n become_v to_o be_v perpetual_a possession_n which_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o the_o word_n feudum_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n time_n who_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o beneficia_fw-la four_o though_o the_o word_n feudum_n be_v in_o the_o original_a charter_n of_o beorredus_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o our_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o call_v they_o beneficia_fw-la or_o call_v they_o feuda_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v then_o hereditary_a or_o perpetual_a but_o either_o temporary_a or_o for_o life_n only_o which_o at_o length_n beget_v the_o difference_n between_o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la for_o beneficia_fw-la in_o a_o restrain_a sense_n begin_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o rest_v at_o this_o day_n in_o our_o clergy-men_n live_n call_v benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o
have_v their_o original_n from_o prince_n of_o norman_a lineage_n etc._n do_v ....._o the_o conquest_n here_o in_o england_n etc._n make_v mention_n of_o tenens_fw-la tenere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o norman_n carry_v these_o term_n into_o italy_n when_o they_o conquer_a naples_n about_o the_o year_n 1031._o 4._o or_o bring_v they_o from_o thence_o into_o normandy_n i_o can_v determine_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n they_o come_v to_o we_o in_o england_n for_o be_v not_o meet_v with_o before_o in_o any_o authentic_a author_n we_o present_o after_o the_o conquest_n begin_v to_o hear_v of_o they_o even_o about_o the_o three_o or_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n as_o appear_v rege_fw-la by_o his_o charter_n of_o emendationes_fw-la legum_n in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n f._n 162._o b._n and_o in_o lambard_n archaionomia_n chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o saxon_n touch_v tenor_n therefore_o in_o capite_fw-la i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o here_o be_v none_o in_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n after_o the_o manner_n now_o in_o use_n among_o we_o first_o for_o that_o their_o feodal_n land_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v not_o descendible_a before_o the_o conquest_n for_o though_o there_o be_v hlaâ—ord_n and_o ðane_a among_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v lord_n and_o thane_n or_o servitor_n who_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o call_v seigneur_n &_o vassal_n alius_fw-la vassallum_fw-la dominum_fw-la &_o clientem_fw-la while_o their_o feud_n be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o year_n or_o life_n yet_o grow_v not_o the_o word_n of_o tenure_n into_o use_n till_o that_o feud_n become_v descendable_a to_o posterity_n and_o thereby_o oblige_v the_o whole_a succession_n of_o heir_n to_o depend_v and_o hold_v upon_o their_o capital_a lord_n by_o the_o service_n impose_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o that_o feud_n second_o the_o word_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v like_o a_o relative_n in_o logic_n which_o be_v a_o supreme_a degree_n of_o itself_o imply_v some_o other_o degree_n to_o be_v under_o it_o as_o tenant_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o imo_fw-la or_o both_o viz._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tenant_n in_o menalty_n and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi or_o at_o least_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi which_o inferior_a tenant_n can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n for_o that_o the_o grant_n of_o feud_n in_o perpetuity_n out_o of_o which_o the_o under-tenancies_a must_v be_v deduce_v be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v not_o yet_o in_o use_n sort_n three_o to_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o general_n which_o be_v of_o the_o king_n as_o caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la omnium_fw-la feodorum_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o feud_n and_o tenor_n have_v their_o main_a original_n the_o other_o special_a or_o subaltern_a which_o be_v of_o a_o particular_a subject_n as_o caput_fw-la feudi_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la so_o call_v because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o tenure_n wherein_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v therefore_o at_o this_o day_n so_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n in_o our_o deed_n of_o tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la dominis_n feodi_fw-la illius_fw-la etc._n etc._n signify_v that_o the_o land_n so_o grant_v since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la must_v now_o be_v hold_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n or_o assign_v that_o be_v caput_fw-la feodi_fw-la the_o first_o that_o create_v or_o grant_v that_o feud_n in_o that_o tenure_n who_o thereupon_o be_v call_v capitalis_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la among_o the_o feudist_n capitanus_n feudi_fw-la illius_fw-la and_o the_o grantee_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o they_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o that_o first_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n hereupon_o david_n i._o king_n of_o scot_n and_o earl_n of_o huntingdon_n here_o in_o england_n be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o earldom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o say_v to_o be_v capud_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la crancfeld_n &_o crawl_v post_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la 279._o and_o roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o short_o after_o make_v a_o grant_n in_o these_o word_n roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la ego_fw-la concessi_fw-la roberto_n de_fw-fr ardenna_n clerico_n amico_fw-la meo_fw-la totum_fw-la nemus_fw-la de_fw-la bedericheslea_n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nemoris_fw-la ad_fw-la tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la ita_fw-la libere_fw-la &_o quiet_a etc._n etc._n sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la unquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o deed_n be_v without_o date_n but_o note_v that_o the_o direction_n of_o it_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la which_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v make_v before_o henry_n ii_n time_n for_o he_o be_v of_o anjou_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v in_o frenchman_n with_o he_o alter_v then_o very_o proper_o the_o direction_n of_o charter_n into_o hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v the_o same_o direction_n though_o more_o improper_o to_o be_v some_o time_n use_v under_o the_o norman_a king_n qu._n so_o likewise_o as_o before_o w._n marshal_v the_o great_a earl_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o he_o use_v these_o word_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n iii_n time_n as_o i_o take_v it_o nisi_fw-la fortè_fw-la forinseca_v tenementa_fw-la tenueris_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o 157._o mat._n paris_n in_o an._n 1250._o make_v mention_n of_o one_o g._n a_o knight_n sai_z that_o rex_fw-la memoratus_fw-la hen._n iii_o cuidam_fw-la militi_fw-la tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la etc._n etc._n warennam_fw-la concessit_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v signify_v that_o some_o abbot_n of_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n first_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n have_v thus_o in_o general_a manner_n prepare_v my_o way_n to_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v now_o god_n will_v by_o the_o patience_n of_o they_o who_o it_o most_o concern_v examine_v such_o particular_a assertion_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o report_n either_o to_o prove_v our_o tenor_n and_o feud_n with_o their_o dependency_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o to_o disprove_v what_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o my_o glossary_n or_o in_o the_o chapter_n here_o precedent_a and_o will_v first_o show_v therein_o as_o follow_v chap._n v._n what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v saxon_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o our_o discourse_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v touch_v their_o person_n they_o be_v by_o themselves_o divide_v in_o this_o manner_n eorle_n and_o ceorl_n and_o ðegn_n and_o ðeoden_n in_o latin_a come_v and_o villanus_fw-la tainus_n unus_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la singuli_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la svo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earl_n and_o the_o husbandman_n the_o thane_n of_o the_o great_a sort_n call_v the_o king_n thane_n and_o the_o thane_n of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n call_v the_o theoden_a or_o vnderthane_n more_o degree_n the_o saxon_n have_v not_o in_o their_o laity_n and_o among_o these_o must_v all_o the_o tenor_n lie_v that_o be_v in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o for_o their_o bondman_n who_o they_o call_v theowe_n and_o esne_n they_o be_v not_o count_v member_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n but_o parcel_n of_o their_o master_n good_n and_o substance_n bocland_n touch_v land_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n bocland_n signify_v terram_fw-la codicillarem_fw-la or_o librariam_fw-la charter-land_n for_o the_o saxon_n call_v a_o deed_n or_o charter_n a_o bec_fw-la i._n e._n librum_fw-la a_o book_n and_o this_o proper_o be_v their_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la for_o it_o common_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v therefore_o preserve_v in_o writing_n and_o possess_v by_o the_o thanes_z and_o noble_a sort_n as_o proedium_fw-la nobile_fw-la liberum_fw-la &_o immune_fw-la a_o servitiis_fw-la vulgaribus_fw-la &_o servilibus_fw-la in_o which_o respect_n the_o thanes_z themselves_z be_v also_o call_v liberales_fw-la as_o appear_v foresta_n by_o canute_n forest-law_n art_n 1._o 3_o
be_v now_o corrupt_o so_o call_v for_o triding_n or_o thrithing_n those_o thing_n therefore_o that_o can_v not_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o hundred-court_n either_o for_o difficulty_n or_o miscarriage_n thereof_o be_v from_o thence_o bring_v unto_o the_o trthe_n where_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o three_o or_o more_o hundred_o be_v assemble_v do_v debate_n and_o determine_v it_o or_o if_o they_o can_v not_o do_v then_o send_v it_o up_o nnto_o the_o county_n court_n to_o be_v there_o decide_v as_o in_o parliament_n by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o county_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 34._o where_o it_o be_v say_v erant_fw-la &_o aliae_fw-la potestates_fw-la super_fw-la wapentachia_n quas_fw-la vocabant_fw-la ðriðingas_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v there_o be_v other_o jurisdiction_n over_o wapentake_n or_o hundred_o which_o they_o call_v thrithing_n because_o they_o contain_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o province_n or_o county_n and_o those_o that_o govern_v these_o thrithing_n be_v thereupon_o call_v thrithingreves_n before_o who_o be_v bring_v all_o cause_n that_o can_v not_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o wapentake_v or_o hundred_o though_o i_o find_v no_o such_o division_n of_o our_o county_n of_o norfolk_n yet_o i_o see_v the_o use_n thereof_o remain_v there_o both_o till_o and_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n for_o william_n rufus_n in_o a_o controversy_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramsie_n about_o the_o town_n of_o holme_n in_o norfolk_n send_v his_o writ_n to_o h._n chamberlain_n then_o trithingreve_n as_o it_o seem_v over_o that_o part_n of_o the_o county_n command_v he_o to_o assemble_v three_o hundred_o and_o a_o half_a at_o a_o place_n call_v fliâ—ham-burrough_n which_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v that_o name_n and_o be_v the_o site_n of_o the_o hundred_o of_o frebridge_n there_o to_o determine_v the_o say_a controversy_n which_o write_v for_o review_v of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o will_v here_o adjoin_v as_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n abbey_n sect._n 197._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la angl._n h._n camerario_fw-la salutem_fw-la fac_n convenire_fw-la &_o consedere_fw-la tres_fw-la hundredos_fw-mi &_o dimidium_fw-la apud_fw-la flicceham-burgh_n propter_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la de_fw-la holm_n quae_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la ringstedam_fw-la &_o quam_fw-la abbas_n ramesiae_fw-la reclamat_fw-la ad_fw-la victum_fw-la &_o vestitum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la abbas_n poterit_fw-la ostendere_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o testimonio_fw-la comprovincialium_fw-la quod_fw-la antecessor_n illius_fw-la eandem_fw-la terram_fw-la habuerit_fw-la eo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la &_o mortuus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la illam_fw-la terram_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la quae_fw-la just_o pertinent_a ad_fw-la abbathiam_fw-la svam_fw-la pacifice_fw-la &_o honorifice_fw-la habeat_fw-la testae_fw-la r._n bigod_n apud_fw-la wind._n out_o of_o which_o writ_n i_o conjecture_v that_o this_o h._n camerarius_fw-la to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v may_v be_v trithingreve_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o county_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o writ_n name_v he_o not_o vicecome_fw-la as_o in_o the_o next_o precedent_n it_o do_v another_o man_n viz._n will._n rex_fw-la o._n vicecomiti_fw-la salutem_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o that_o these_o three_o hundred_o and_o a_o half_a be_v to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o cause_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n fac_fw-la consedere_fw-la that_o be_v cause_v they_o to_o sit_v down_o together_o for_o magistrorum_fw-la &_o judicum_fw-la est_fw-la sedere_fw-la famulorum_fw-la &_o ministrorum_fw-la stare_n therefore_o it_o be_v say_v exod._n 18._o 13._o moses_n sit_v to_o judge_v the_o people_n and_o the_o people_n stand_v about_o he_o whereupon_o hugo_n also_o note_v magistrorum_fw-la est_fw-la sedere_fw-la to_o this_o purpose_n also_o be_v the_o law_n of_o h._n i._n ca._n 8._o si_fw-mi aliquis_fw-la in_o hundrâ—…_n agendorum_fw-la penuria_fw-la cum_fw-la judicium_fw-la vel_fw-la casu_fw-la aliquo_fw-la transferendum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o dâ—us_fw-la vel_fw-la tres_fw-la vel_fw-la amplius_fw-la hundredos_fw-mi respectetur_fw-la justo_fw-la sine_fw-la claudendum_fw-la qu._n but_o it_o seem_v that_o these_o judge_n be_v swear_v to_o do_v right_a as_o well_o as_o those_o before_o mention_v in_o the_o hundred_o court_n and_o that_o our_o course_n now_o use_v for_o take_v a_o jury_n out_o of_o many_o hundred_o in_o the_o county_n for_o trial_n of_o a_o cause_n arise_v in_o one_o hundred_o take_v the_o beginning_n from_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o trthe_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o trthe_n court_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n who_o confuse_o they_o call_v a_o earl_n be_v in_o parallel_n equal_a with_o the_o bishop_n and_o therefore_o both_o their_o estimation_n value_v alike_o in_o the_o law_n of_o ethelstane_n at_o eight_o thousand_o thrymse_n he_o be_v a_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n and_o cognizance_n over_o all_o inferior_a court_n and_o person_n both_o in_o civil_a matter_n and_o criminal_a for_o which_o purpose_n he_o hold_v his_o ordinary_a court_n by_o the_o shreve_n ult_n once_o every_o month_n and_o there_o resort_v as_o suitor_n and_o bind_v by_o duty_n all_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o county_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholders_n who_o be_v not_o only_a assistant_n but_o judge_n with_o he_o of_o all_o matter_n there_o depend_v whether_o enter_v there_o original_o or_o come_v thither_o by_o appeal_n or_o provocation_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n ll._n edw._n senioris_fw-la cap._n ult_n i_fw-mi Æ¿ille_fw-mi ðat_fw-mi aelc_a geresa_n hebbe_n gemote_n etc._n etc._n i_o will_v that_o every_o sheriff_n hold_v his_o court_n about_o every_o four_o week_n and_o that_o he_o do_v right_a equal_o to_o every_o man_n and_o make_v a_o end_n of_o all_o suit_n under_o the_o pain_n before_o express_v as_o the_o bishop_n have_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n two_o general_a synod_n wherein_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v tie_v to_o resort_v for_o matter_n concern_v the_o church_n so_o also_o be_v there_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n a_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n for_o matter_n concern_v the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o without_o exception_n all_o kind_n of_o estate_n be_v require_v to_o be_v present_a dukes_z earls_z baron_n and_o so_o downward_o of_o the_o laity_n and_o especial_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n among_o the_o clergy_n for_o in_o those_o day_n the_o temporal_a lord_n do_v often_o sit_v in_o synod_n with_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o bishop_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o temporalty_n and_o be_v therein_o as_o by_o and_o by_o shall_v appear_v not_o only_o necessary_a but_o principal_a judge_n themselves_o ll._n canuti_n regis_fw-la par_fw-fr 2._o ca._n 17._o the_o shyre-gemot_a for_o so_o the_o saxon_n call_v this_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n shall_v be_v keep_v twice_o a_o year_n and_o often_o if_o need_v require_v wherein_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o shire_n shall_v be_v present_a the_o one_o to_o teach_v the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o other_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n this_o great_a assembly_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o ethelstan_n ca._n 20._o to_o be_v proclaim_v or_o publish_v a_o seven-night_n before_o hand_n and_o every_o man_n tie_v thereupon_o to_o be_v present_a at_o it_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n either_o to_o satisfy_v the_o wrong_n he_o have_v do_v to_o another_o or_o to_o undergo_v the_o penalty_n which_o if_o he_o refuse_v all_o he_o have_v be_v present_o to_o be_v sense_v and_o himself_o put_v to_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n to_o answer_v but_o because_o this_o notable_a assembly_n otherwise_o call_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n mallum_n and_o placitum_fw-la generale_fw-mi be_v the_o supreme_a court_n of_o county-justice_n wherein_o all_o thing_n of_o what_o sort_n soever_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v we_o will_v take_v a_o little_a scope_n in_o description_n thereof_o show_v first_o more_o particular_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v their_o attendance_n here_o then_o what_o lie_v in_o cognizance_n of_o this_o court_n and_o three_o in_o what_o step_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o same_o all_o which_o because_o they_o can_v be_v more_o authentical_o deliver_v then_o out_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o i_o will_v even_o from_o thence_o report_v it_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o ll._n h._n i._o ca._n 8._o sicut_fw-la antiqua_fw-la fuerat_fw-la institutione_n formatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v devise_v by_o a_o ancient_a institution_n and_o confirm_v by_o true_a report_n that_o the_o general_a plea_n of_o the_o county_n ought_v to_o be_v assemble_v in_o every_o province_n of_o england_n at_o certain_a place_n and_o before_o certain_a judge_n at_o certain_a time_n thereto_o appoint_v and_o
consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n for_o in_o his_o charter_n whereby_o he_o divide_v the_o court-christian_a from_o the_o temporal_a he_o say_v thus_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o consilio_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la emendandas_fw-la judicavi_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o same_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la whereby_o he_o make_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o the_o great_a establishment_n aforesaid_a william_n rufus_n in_o an._n 1094._o call_n 26._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n cunctosque_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la to_o a_o council_n at_o rochingheham_n 5._o id._n mar._n henry_n 1._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v matthew_n paris_n posuit_fw-la dunelmensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la in_o vinculis_fw-la where_o gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la may_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o a_o parliament_n as_o we_o use_v at_o this_o day_n if_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n have_v bear_v it_o but_o eadmere_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a counsel_n hold_v a_o little_a after_o at_o lambeth_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la magnatum_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la exclude_v plain_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o that_o effect_n be_v also_o all_o the_o other_o council_n of_o his_o time_n but_o our_o late_a chronicler_n follow_v 188._o polydore_n as_o it_o seem_v for_o they_o cite_v no_o author_n do_v affirm_v that_o henry_n i._o in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n hold_v the_o first_o parliament_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o have_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o examine_v but_o can_v find_v nothing_o to_o make_v it_o good_a 117._o eadmerus_n who_o flourish_v at_o that_o very_a time_n write_v particular_o of_o this_o council_n or_o assembly_n say_v xiii_o kal._n aprilis_n factus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la serberiam_fw-la cogente_fw-la eos_fw-la illuc_fw-la sanctione_n regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n and_o among_o other_o cause_n handle_v there_o he_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o go_v into_o normandy_n and_o not_o know_v how_o god_n may_v dispose_v of_o he_o he_o desire_v that_o the_o succession_n may_v be_v confirm_v on_o his_o son_n william_n whereupon_o say_v eadmer_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsius_fw-la willielmi_n fide_fw-la &_o sacramento_n confirmati_fw-la florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o die_v about_o two_o year_n after_o 1116._o report_v it_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n conventio_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la apud_fw-la sealesbiriam_n 14._o cal._n apr._n facta_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_fw-la praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la homagium_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la gulielmo_n fecerunt_fw-la &_o fidelitatem_fw-la ei_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la here_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o in_o likelihood_n they_o shall_v not_o have_v pretermit_v if_o they_o have_v be_v there_o assemble_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o do_v any_o succeed_a walsingh_n author_n that_o i_o can_v find_v once_o touch_v upon_o it_o i_o conceive_v there_o may_v a_o mistake_n grow_v by_o polydore_n or_o some_o other_o for_o that_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o if_o not_o all_o be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o swear_v to_o prince_n william_n as_o well_o as_o the_o baron_n be_v and_o as_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1127._o to_o maud_n his_o daughter_n prince_n william_n be_v then_o dead_a but_o i_o no_o where_o find_v in_o all_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v call_v they_o of_o this_o time_n any_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a person_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n the_o first_o alteration_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o hen._n ii_o where_o benedict_n abbas_n say_v circa_n festum_fw-la s._n pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la here_o militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la extend_v beyond_o the_o baron_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n as_o after_z shall_v appear_v yet_o hoveden_n speak_v of_o this_o council_n do_v not_o mention_v they_o but_o only_o term_v it_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la but_o there_o happen_v about_o this_o time_n a_o notable_a alteration_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o town_n which_o before_o manure_v their_o land_n by_o tenant_n at_o will_n begin_v now_o general_o to_o grant_v they_o estate_n in_o fee_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o freeholders_n more_o than_o have_v be_v who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o several_a interest_n and_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o tie_v unto_o their_o lord_n as_o in_o former_a time_n begin_v now_o to_o be_v a_o more_o eminent_a part_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o more_o to_o be_v respect_v therefore_o in_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v they_o and_o their_o inheritance_n but_o the_o word_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la imply_v such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v no_o baron_n yet_o such_o as_o by_o right_a of_o their_o tenure_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o voice_n or_o patron_n to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o baron_n do_v they_o can_v not_o be_v patronise_v under_o they_o and_o doubtless_o they_o be_v not_o many_o at_o this_o time_n though_o much_o increase_v since_o the_o make_n of_o domesdei_n book_n where_o those_o few_o that_o be_v then_o be_v mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o word_n hominum_fw-la here_o do_v signify_v those_o that_o serve_v for_o burrough-town_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o tenant_n not_o of_o servant_n to_o grope_v no_o further_o in_o this_o darkness_n the_o first_o certain_a light_n that_o i_o discover_v for_o the_o form_n of_o our_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n be_v that_o which_o rise_v forty_o year_n after_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n the_o word_n whereof_o i_o will_v recite_v at_o large_a as_o they_o stand_v not_o only_o in_o matthew_n paris_n but_o also_o in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o some_o little_a difference_n happen_v in_o the_o write_n et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praetereà _fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o maritandâ—â—_n tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praetereà _fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alius_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40._o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la causam_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la summonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la summoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v lay_v forth_o the_o member_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o summon_v of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o record_n of_o state_n call_v a_o parliament_n the_o member_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o the_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o call_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lesser_a baron_n which_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n second_o those_o here_o before_o mention_v by_o bened._n abbas_n to_o be_v call_v to_o clarenden_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v now_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o three_o those_o of_o city_n burrough_n and_o
pag._n 89._o concern_v this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o brief_o exhibit_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v gather_v from_o a_o ample_a and_o most_o judicious_a discourse_n on_o this_o subject_a write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n knight_n in_o 1614_o very_o well_o worthy_a to_o be_v make_v public_a the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n about_o forty_o two_o year_n since_o divers_a gentleman_n in_o london_n studious_a of_o antiquity_n frame_v themselves_o into_o a_o college_n or_o society_n of_o antiquary_n appoint_v to_o meet_v every_o friday_n weekly_a in_o the_o term_n at_o a_o place_n agree_v of_o and_o for_o learn_v sake_n to_o confer_v upon_o some_o question_n in_o that_o faculty_n and_o to_o sup_v together_o the_o place_n after_o a_o meeting_n or_o two_o become_v certain_a at_o darby-house_n where_o the_o herald's-office_n be_v keep_v and_o two_o question_n be_v propound_v at_o every_o meeting_n to_o be_v handle_v at_o the_o next_o that_o follow_v so_o that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o sennight_n respite_n to_o advise_v upon_o they_o and_o then_o to_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n that_o which_o seem_v most_o material_a be_v by_o one_o of_o the_o company_n choose_v for_o the_o purpose_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o so_o it_o may_v remain_v unto_o posterity_n the_o society_n increase_v daily_o many_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n as_o well_o noble_a as_o other_o learned_a join_v themselves_o unto_o it_o thus_o it_o continue_v divers_a year_n but_o as_o all_o good_a use_n common_o decline_v so_o many_o of_o the_o chief_a supporter_n hereof_o either_o die_v or_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o london_n into_o the_o country_n this_o among_o the_o rest_n grow_v for_o twenty_o year_n to_o be_v discontinue_v but_o it_o than_o come_v again_o into_o the_o mind_n of_o divers_a principal_a gentleman_n to_o revive_v it_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1614_o there_o meet_v at_o the_o same_o place_n sir_n james_n ley_n knight_n than_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n since_o earl_n of_o marleborough_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n sir_n robert_n cotton_n knight_n and_o baronett_n sir_n john_n davies_n his_o majesty_n be_v attorney_n for_o ireland_n sir_n richard_n st._n george_n knt._n then_o norrey_n mr._n hackwell_n the_o queen_n solicitor_n mr._n camden_n then_o clarentieux_n myself_o and_o some_o other_o of_o these_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n sir_n robert_n cotton_n mr._n camden_n and_o myself_o have_v be_v of_o the_o original_a foundation_n and_o to_o my_o knowledge_n be_v all_o then_o live_v of_o that_o sort_n save_v sir_n john_n doderidge_n knight_n justice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v bench._n we_o hold_v it_o sufficient_a for_o that_o time_n to_o revive_v the_o meeting_n and_o only_o conceive_v some_o rule_n of_o government_n and_o limitation_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o we_o whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o for_o avoid_v offence_n we_o shall_v neither_o meddle_v with_o matter_n of_o state_n nor_o of_o religion_n and_o agree_v of_o two_o question_n for_o the_o next_o meeting_n we_o choose_v mr._n hackwell_n to_o be_v our_o register_n and_o the_o convocator_n of_o our_o assembly_n for_o the_o present_a and_o sup_v together_o so_o depart_v one_o of_o the_o question_n be_v touch_v the_o original_a of_o the_o term_n about_o which_o as_o be_v obscure_a and_o general_o mistake_v i_o bestow_v some_o extraordinary_a pain_n that_o come_v short_a of_o other_o in_o understanding_n i_o may_v equal_v they_o if_o i_o can_v in_o diligence_n but_o before_o our_o next_o meeting_n we_o have_v notice_n that_o his_o majesty_n take_v a_o little_a mislike_n of_o our_o society_n not_o be_v inform_v that_o we_o have_v resolve_v to_o decline_v all_o matter_n of_o state_n yet_o hereupon_o we_o forbear_v to_o meet_v again_o and_o so_o all_o our_o labour_n lose_v but_o my_o lie_v by_o i_o and_o have_v be_v often_o desire_v of_o i_o by_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n i_o think_v good_a upon_o a_o review_n and_o augmentation_n to_o let_v it_o creep_v abroad_o in_o the_o form_n you_o see_v it_o wish_v it_o may_v be_v rectify_v by_o some_o better_a judgement_n sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_n as_o our_o law_n book_n have_v nothing_o to_o my_o knowledge_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o term_n so_o be_v it_o much_o better_a if_o our_o chronicle_n have_v as_o little_a for_o though_o it_o be_v little_a they_o have_v in_o that_o kind_n yet_o be_v that_o little_a very_o untrue_a affirm_v that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v first_o institute_v they_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o examine_n who_o be_v author_n of_o the_o error_n but_o it_o seem_v etc._n polydore_v virgil_n a_o alien_n in_o our_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o well_o endenize_v in_o our_o antiquity_n spread_v it_o first_o in_o print_n i_o purpose_v not_o to_o take_v it_o upon_o any_o man_n word_n but_o search_v for_o the_o fountain_n will_n if_o i_o can_v deduce_v they_o from_o thence_o beginning_n with_o their_o definition_n the_o term_n be_v certain_a portion_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o only_o the_o king_n justice_n hold_v plea_n in_o the_o high_a temporal_a court_n of_o cause_n belong_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n thereto_o assign_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o definition_n divide_v itself_o and_o offer_v these_o part_n to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o name_n they_o bear_v 2._o the_o original_a they_o come_v from_o 3._o the_o time_n they_o continue_v 4._o the_o person_n they_o be_v hold_v by_o 5._o the_o cause_n they_o deal_v with_o 6._o the_o place_n they_o be_v keep_v in_o 7._o the_o rite_n they_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o part_n minister_v matter_n for_o a_o book_n at_o large_a but_o my_o purpose_n upon_o the_o occasion_n impose_v be_v to_o deal_v only_o with_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o term_n i_o will_v travel_v no_o far_o than_o the_o three_o first_o stage_n of_o my_o division_n that_o be_v touch_v their_o name_n their_o original_a and_o their_o time_n of_o continuance_n sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o term_n the_o word_n terminus_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o bind_v end_v or_o limit_v of_o a_o thing_n here_o particular_o of_o the_o time_n for_o law_n matter_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o also_o signify_v a_o day_n set_v to_o the_o defendant_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n do_v 1._o bracton_n glanvil_n and_o other_o sometime_o use_v it_o mat._n paris_n call_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v terminum_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o mss._n law_n of_o king_n inas_fw-la terminus_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o also_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n prescribe_v the_o time_n of_o hold_v the_o court._n and_o we_o ordinary_o use_v it_o for_o any_o set_a portion_n of_o time_n as_o of_o life_n year_n lease_n etc._n etc._n the_o space_n between_o the_o term_n be_v name_v vacation_n à _fw-la vacando_fw-la as_o be_v leisure_n from_o law_n business_n by_o latinist_n justitium_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la stando_fw-la because_o the_o law_n be_v now_o at_o a_o stop_n or_o stand_v the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n call_v termtime_n dies_fw-la juridicos_fw-la law-day_n the_o vacation_n die_v feriale_n day_n of_o leisure_n or_o intermission_n festival-day_n as_o be_v indeed_o sequester_v from_o troublesome_a affair_n of_o humane_a business_n and_o devote_v proper_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o his_o church_n according_a to_o this_o our_o saxon_a and_o norman_a ancestor_n divide_v the_o year_n also_o between_o god_n and_o the_o king_n call_v those_o day_n and_o part_n that_o be_v assign_v to_o god_n dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la the_o residue_n allot_v to_o the_o king_n dies_z or_o tempus_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la divisum_fw-la imperium_fw-la cum_fw-la jove_n caesar_n habet_fw-la other_o name_n i_o find_v none_o ancient_o among_o we_o nor_o the_o word_n terminus_n to_o be_v frequent_a till_o the_o age_n of_o henry_n ii_o wherein_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n and_o ranulphus_fw-la de_fw-la glanvilla_fw-la if_o those_o book_n be_v they_o do_v continual_o use_v it_o for_o dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o like_a manner_n divide_v their_o year_n between_o their_o god_n and_o their_o commonwealth_n name_v their_o law-day_n or_o termtime_n fastos_fw-la because_o their_o praetor_n or_o judge_n may_v then_o fari_fw-la that_o be_v speak_v free_o their_o vacation_n or_o day_n of_o intermission_n as_o appoint_v to_o the_o service_n of_o their_o god_n they_o call_v nefastos_fw-la for_o that_o the_o praetor_n may_v ne_o fari_fw-la not_o speak_v in_o they_o judicial_o ovid_n fastorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o thus_o express_v it_o ille_fw-la nefastus_n erat_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la tria_fw-la verba_fw-la silentur_fw-la fastus_fw-la erat_fw-la per_fw-la
quem_fw-la lege_fw-la licebat_fw-la agi_fw-la when_o that_o the_o three_o judicial_a word_n the_o praetor_n may_v not_o use_v it_o be_v nefastus_n fastus_fw-la then_o when_o each_o man_n free_o sue_v the_o three_o judicial_a word_n be_v do_v dico_fw-la abdico_fw-la by_o the_o first_o he_o give_v licence_n to_o cyte_v partem_fw-la ream_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o second_o he_o pronounce_v sentence_n and_o by_o the_o three_o he_o grant_v execution_n this_o à _fw-fr latere_fw-la the_o word_n term_n have_v also_o other_o consideration_n sometime_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o whole_a space_n from_o the_o first_o return_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o term_n include_v the_o day_n of_o return_n essoigne_n exception_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o and_o most_o common_o exclude_v these_o from_o the_o first_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n in_o full_a court_n which_o be_v the_o first_o day_n for_o appearance_n and_o this_o be_v call_v full_a term_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o hen._n viii_o cap._n 21._o as_o though_o the_o part_n precedent_n be_v but_o semi-term_n puisne-term_n or_o introitus_fw-la termini_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v these_o that_o trinity-term_n shall_v begin_v the_o monday_n next_o after_o trinity-sunday_n for_o keep_v the_o essoignes_n proffer_v return_v and_o other_o ceremony_n heretofore_o use_v etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o full_a term_n of_o the_o say_a trinity-term_n shall_v yearly_o for_o over_o begin_v the_o friday_n next_o after_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n here_o the_o particular_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v apparent_o set_v forth_o and_o the_o term_n declare_v to_o begin_v at_o the_o first_o return_n by_o which_o reason_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o eight_o day_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o the_o exchequer_n open_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o michaelmass-term_n hilary-term_n and_o easter_n be_v to_o be_v account_v as_o part_n of_o those_o term_n for_o that_o they_o fall_v within_o the_o first_o return_n the_o exchequer_n have_v one_o return_n in_o every_o of_o they_o more_o than_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n have_v viz._n crastino_n sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la octabis_n hilarii_n and_o octabis_n or_o clausum_fw-la paschae_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v that_o trinity-term_n have_v crastino_n trinitatis_fw-la in_o the_o self_n same_o manner_n before_o this_o statute_n alter_v it_o sect_n iii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o term_n or_o law-day_n law-day_n or_o dies_fw-la juridici_fw-la which_o we_o call_v term_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n as_o ancient_a as_o offence_n and_o controversy_n god_n himself_o hold_v a_o kind_n of_o term_n in_o paradise_n when_o judicial_o he_o try_v and_o condemn_v adam_n eve_n and_o the_o serpent_n in_o all_o nation_n as_o soon_o as_o government_n be_v settle_v some_o time_n be_v appoint_v for_o punish_v offence_n redress_v of_o wrong_n and_o determine_v of_o controversy_n and_o this_o time_n to_o every_o of_o those_o nation_n be_v their_o term._n the_o original_a therefore_o of_o the_o term_n or_o law-day_n and_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v like_o the_o sign_n of_o oblique_a ascension_n in_o astronomy_n that_o rise_v together_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v any_o more_o particular_o of_o this_o point_n but_o show_v it_o as_o it_o far_o offer_v itself_o in_o our_o passage_n when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o term_n or_o law-day_n which_o be_v the_o next_o and_o long_a part_n of_o this_o our_o discourse_n sect_n iv._o of_o the_o time_n assign_v to_o law-matter_n call_v the_o term_n we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o great_a arm_n of_o our_o division_n which_o spread_v itself_o into_o many_o branch_n in_o handle_v whereof_o we_o shall_v fall_v either_o necessary_o or_o accidental_o upon_o these_o point_n viz._n 1._o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n jew_n greek_n etc._n etc._n 2._o of_o those_o among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n 3._o of_o those_o among_o the_o primitive_a christian_n use_v all_o alike_o 4._o how_o sunday_n come_v to_o be_v exempt_v 5._o how_o other_o festival_n and_o other_o vacation_n day_n 6._o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_a from_o the_o canon-law_n 7._o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n edward_n the_o elder_a guthrun_n the_o dane_n and_o the_o synod_n of_o eanham_n under_o ethelred_n touch_v this_o matter_n 8._o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a 9_o the_o constitution_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n more_o material_a 10._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o of_o law-day_n in_o normandy_n 11._o what_o do_v by_o william_n rufus_n henry_n i._n stephen_n and_o henry_n ii_o 12._o of_o hiliary-term_n according_a to_o those_o ancient_a law_n 13._o of_o easter-term_n in_o like_a manner_n 14._o of_o trinity-term_n and_o the_o long_a vacation_n follow_v how_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o vacation_n 15._o of_o michaelmass-term_n 16._o of_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 51._o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 36._o of_o edw._n iii_o 17._o how_o trinity-term_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o 32._o of_o hen._n viii_o chap._n i._n of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n the_o time_n allot_v to_o lawbusiness_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n among_o all_o or_o most_o nation_n which_o be_v not_o particular_o dedicate_v as_o we_o say_v before_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n or_o some_o rite_n of_o religion_n 〈…〉_z for_o none_o that_o i_o read_v of_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v use_v confuse_o therefore_o whilst_o moses_n be_v yet_o under_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o before_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v give_v he_o sacrifice_v and_o keep_v the_o holy_a festival_n with_o jethro_n his_o father-in-law_n on_o the_o one_o day_n but_o judge_v not_o the_o people_n till_o the_o day_n after_o some_o particular_a instance_n i_o know_v may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o i_o after_o shall_v mention_v but_o this_o seem_v then_o the_o general_a use_n 〈…〉_z the_o greek_n who_o as_o josephus_n in_o his_o book_n against_o appion_n witness_v have_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a rite_n from_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v two_o of_o their_o court_n prytanean-day_n in_o every_o month_n for_o civil_a matter_n and_o the_o three_o only_a for_o their_o sacra_fw-la aeschines_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o câ—esiphon_n charge_v demosthenes_n with_o write_v a_o decree_n in_o the_o senate_n that_o the_o 4._o prytanean_a magistrate_n may_v hold_v a_o assembly_n upon_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o the_o approach_a month_n of_o figens_fw-la elaphebolion_n when_o the_o holy_a rite_n of_o aesculapius_n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v 〈…〉_z the_o roman_n likewise_o whether_o by_o instinct_n of_o nature_n or_o precedent_n meddle_v not_o with_o law_n cause_n during_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o their_o god_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o primitive_a law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n feriis_fw-la jurgia_fw-la amovento_fw-it and_o by_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v as_o also_o this_o of_o the_o same_o author_n post_fw-la semel_fw-la exta_fw-la deo_fw-la data_fw-la sunt_fw-la licet_fw-la omne_fw-la fari_fw-la verbaque_fw-la honoratus_fw-la libera_fw-la praetor_n habet_fw-la when_o sacrifice_n and_o holy_a rite_n be_v do_v the_o reverend_a praetor_n than_o his_o court_n begin_v and_o martial_a to_o the_o same_o purpose_n sacra_fw-la damus_fw-la â—estis_fw-la â—ora_fw-la judicialia_fw-la ponunt_fw-la to_o be_v short_a it_o be_v so_o common_a a_o thing_n in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a to_o exempt_v the_o time_n of_o exercise_n of_o religion_n from_o all_o worldly_a business_n that_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n even_o our_o angli_fw-la whilst_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o germany_n the_o suevian_o themselves_z and_o other_o of_o those_o northern_a part_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a violate_v or_o interrupt_v it_o tacitus_n say_v of_o they_o that_o during_o this_o time_n of_o holy_a rite_n non_fw-la bellum_fw-la ineunt_fw-la non_fw-la arma_fw-la sumunt_fw-la clausum_fw-la omne_fw-la ferrum_fw-la pax_fw-la &_o quies_fw-la tunâ—_n tantum_fw-la nota_fw-la tunâ—_n tantum_fw-la amata_fw-la of_o our_o german_a ancestor_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o our_o old_a british_a be_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n they_o judge_v all_o controversy_n by_o their_o priest_n the_o druid_n and_o to_o that_o end_n meet_v but_o once_o a_o year_n as_o 6._o caesar_n show_v we_o by_o those_o of_o the_o gaul_n 54._o the_o late_a britain_n who_o we_o now_o call_v the_o wesh_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n about_o the_o year_n 900._o have_v two_o term_n only_o for_o cause_n of_o inheritance_n the_o one_o beginning_n at_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n till_o the_o nine_o of_o february_n the_o other_o from_o the_o nine_o of_o may_n till_o the_o nine_o of_o august_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n be_v count_v time_n of_o vacation_n for_o sow_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o reap_v in_o the_o harvest_n chap._n ii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n i_o will_v therefore_o seek_v
homicidium_fw-la casu_fw-la commission_n culpa_fw-la non_fw-la praecedente_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la imputandum_fw-la and_o johannes_n sibi_fw-la imputari_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la quia_fw-la fortuitos_fw-la casus_fw-la qui_fw-la praevideri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la non_fw-la praevidit_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr casu_fw-la fortuito_fw-la nullus_fw-la tenetur_fw-la cum_fw-la praevideri_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o canonist_n do_v run_v as_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o book_n may_v be_v show_v with_o who_o our_o 17._o bracton_n a_o great_a civilian_n and_o common_a lawyer_n too_o homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la non_fw-la imputatur_fw-la 5._o the_o two_o head_n whereto_o the_o law_n look_v free_v a_o man_n from_o blame_n and_o express_o from_o irregularity_n be_v that_o the_o person_n by_o who_o the_o action_n be_v perform_v d_o do_v not_o dare_v operam_fw-la rei_fw-la illicitae_fw-la and_o that_o he_o use_v diligence_n of_o his_o part_n that_o no_o hurt_n be_v commit_v 332._o azorius_fw-la the_o jesuit_n say_v irregularitas_fw-la cum_fw-la ob_fw-la delictum_fw-la constituitur_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la lethali_fw-la peccato_fw-la contrahitur_fw-la nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la homicidio_fw-la fiat_fw-la quis_fw-la irregularis_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la det_fw-la operam_fw-la rei_fw-la vetitae_fw-la &_o interdictae_fw-la nam_fw-la tunc_fw-la quamvis_fw-la homicidium_fw-la casu_fw-la sequatur_fw-la ob_fw-la culpam_fw-la nostram_fw-la levem_fw-la vel_fw-la levissimam_fw-la multorum_fw-la est_fw-la opinio_fw-la irregularitatem_fw-la contrahi_fw-la 22._o and_o ivo_n in_o his_o canon_n some_o hundred_o of_o year_n before_o he_o si_fw-la duo_fw-la fratres_fw-la in_o sylva_fw-la arbores_fw-la succiderint_fw-la &_o appropinquante_fw-la casura_fw-la unius_fw-la arboris_fw-la frater_fw-la fratri_fw-la dixerit_fw-la cave_fw-la &_o ille_fw-la fugiens_fw-la in_fw-la pressuram_fw-la arboris_fw-la inciderit_fw-la ac_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vivens_fw-la frater_fw-la innocens_fw-la de_fw-la sanguine_fw-la germani_fw-la dijudicatur_fw-la now_o the_o caâ—e_n at_o bramsil_n be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o two_o condition_n for_o the_o party_n agent_n be_v about_o no_o unlawful_a work_n for_o what_o he_o do_v be_v in_o the_o day_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o forty_o or_o fifty_o person_n the_o lord_n zouch_v who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o park_n not_o only_o stand_v by_o but_o invite_v to_o hunt_n and_o shoot_v and_o all_o person_n in_o the_o field_n be_v call_v upon_o to_o stand_v far_o off_o partly_o for_o avoid_v harm_n and_o partly_o lest_o they_o shall_v disturb_v the_o game_n and_o all_o in_o the_o field_n perform_v what_o be_v desire_v and_o this_o course_n do_v the_o lord_n archbishop_n use_v to_o take_v when_o or_o wheresoever_o he_o do_v shoot_v as_o all_o person_n at_o any_o time_n present_a can_v witness_v never_o any_o man_n be_v more_o solicitous_a thereof_o than_o he_o evermore_o be_v and_o the_o morning_n when_o the_o deed_n be_v do_v the_o keeper_n be_v twice_o warn_v to_o stay_v behind_o and_o not_o to_o run_v forward_o but_o he_o careless_o do_v otherwise_o when_o he_o that_o shot_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o his_o gallop_n in_o before_o the_o bow_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o coroner_n inquest_n 6._o this_o case_n at_o bramsill_n be_v so_o favourable_a that_o the_o strict_a writer_n of_o these_o time_n direct_o conclude_v that_o if_o a_o clergyman_n commit_v casuale_fw-la homicidium_fw-la be_v about_o a_o forbid_a and_o interdict_a act_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o irregular_a if_o the_o interdict_a act_n be_v not_o therefore_o forbid_v because_o it_o may_v draw_v on_o homicide_n and_o thereupon_o inasmuch_o as_o hunt_v be_v forbid_v in_o a_o clergyman_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o danger_n of_o life_n but_o for_o decency_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o spend_v his_o time_n in_o exercise_n which_o may_v hinder_v he_o from_o the_o study_n fit_a for_o his_o call_v or_o for_o other_o such_o reason_n irregularity_n follow_v not_o thereupon_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n write_v at_o large_a 9_o soto_n covarruvias_n and_o suarez_n who_o be_v great_a canonist_n and_o schoolman_n and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o out_o of_o great_a reason_n it_o may_v be_v so_o hold_v how_o much_o further_a be_v the_o present_a case_n in_o question_n from_o irregularity_n 7._o but_o some_o go_v direct_o to_o the_o point_n and_o say_v that_o the_o lord_n archbishop_n do_v navare_fw-la operam_fw-la rei_fw-la illicitae_fw-la because_o he_o be_v on_o hunt_v for_o that_o be_v interdict_v to_o a_o bishop_n by_o the_o canon_n de_fw-fr clerico_n venatore_fw-la and_o so_o by_o a_o consequent_a he_o must_v needs_o be_v irregular_a to_o which_o objection_n see_v how_o many_o clear_a and_o true_a answer_n there_o be_v as_o first_o that_o the_o canon_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o decree_n be_v by_o gratian_n himself_o brand_v to_o be_v palea_fw-la no_o better_a than_o chaff_n second_o it_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o four_o council_n of_o orleans_n and_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v find_v as_o the_o gloss_n well_o observe_v three_o it_o forbid_v hunt_v cum_fw-la canibus_fw-la aut_fw-la accipitribus_fw-la and_o none_o of_o these_o be_v at_o bramsil_n and_o if_o you_o will_v enforce_v it_o by_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n be_v favores_fw-la sunt_fw-la ampliandi_fw-la odia_fw-la restringenda_fw-la where_o mark_n when_o hunt_v with_o dog_n or_o hawk_n be_v forbid_v it_o be_v not_o for_o fear_v of_o slaughter_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o danger_n in_o either_o of_o they_o four_o the_o canon_n forbid_v hunt_v voluptatis_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o not_o recreationis_fw-la or_o valetudinis_fw-la gratia_fw-la which_o the_o book_n say_v be_v permit_v etiam_fw-la episcopo_fw-la five_o the_o canon_n have_v si_fw-la saepius_fw-la detentus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la if_o he_o make_v a_o life_n or_o occupation_n of_o it_o which_o the_o world_n know_v be_v not_o the_o archbishop_n case_n but_o a_o little_a one_o time_n in_o the_o year_n direct_v so_o by_o his_o physician_n to_o avoid_v two_o disease_n whereunto_o he_o be_v subject_a the_o stone_n and_o the_o gout_n six_o it_o be_v clamosa_fw-la venatio_fw-la against_o which_o the_o canon_n speak_v not_o quieta_fw-la or_o modesta_fw-la which_o the_o canonist_n allow_v and_o this_o whereof_o the_o question_n arise_v be_v most_o silent_a and_o quiet_a save_v that_o this_o accident_n by_o the_o keeper_n unadvised_a run_v in_o have_v afterward_o make_v a_o noise_n over_o all_o the_o country_n 8._o these_o exception_n as_o they_o natural_o and_o without_o any_o enforce_n give_v answer_n to_o this_o objection_n of_o the_o canon_n so_o there_o be_v another_o thing_n that_o may_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o gainsayers_a if_o any_o reason_n will_v content_v they_o and_o that_o be_v that_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o henr._n viii_o 35._o ca._n 16._o no_o canon_n be_v in_o force_n in_o england_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n before_o that_o time_n or_o be_v not_o contrary_a or_o derogatory_n to_o the_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n nor_o to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o royal_a crown_n of_o which_o nature_n this_o be_v for_o in_o charta_n de_fw-fr foresta_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n by_o name_n have_v liberty_n to_o hunt_n and_o 13._o ric._n ii_o cap._n 13._o a_o clergyman_n who_o have_v 10l._o by_o the_o year_n may_v keep_v greyhoud_n to_o hunt_v and_o linwood_n who_o live_v soon_o after_o that_o time_n and_o understand_v the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n and_o the_o law_n of_o england_n very_o well_o in_o treat_v of_o hunt_v speak_v against_o clergyman_n use_v that_o exercise_n unlawful_o as_o in_o place_n restrain_v or_o forbid_v but_o have_v not_o one_o word_n against_o hunt_v simple_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v former_o more_o than_o twenty_o park_n and_o chase_n of_o his_o own_o to_o use_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o now_o by_o charter_n have_v free-warren_n in_o all_o his_o land_n and_o by_o ancient_a record_n the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n at_o his_o death_n be_v to_o render_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o kennel_n of_o hound_n as_o a_o mortuary_n whereof_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v the_o law_n take_v notice_n for_o the_o king_n sede_n vacant_a under_o the_o name_n of_o muta_fw-la canum_fw-la and_o mulctura_fw-la to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o perpetuate_v use_n of_o hunt_v by_o bishop_n in_o their_o park_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n without_o scruple_n or_o question_n as_o that_o most_o reverend_a man_n the_o lord_n archbishop_n whitgyfte_v use_v in_o hartlebury-park_n while_o he_o live_v at_o worcester_n in_o ford-park_n in_o kent_n in_o the_o park_n of_o the_o lord_n cobham_n near_o canterbury_n where_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o that_o lord_n he_o kill_v twenty_o buck_n in_o one_o journey_n use_v hound_n greyhound_n or_o his_o bow_n at_o his_o pleasure_n although_o he_o never_o shoot_v well_o and_o the_o same_o be_v credible_o report_v of_o the_o lord_n archbishop_n sand_n and_o it_o be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o
durandus_fw-la in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o seven_o book_n reckon_v the_o purification_n ascension_n and_o st._n john_n baptist_n to_o be_v grand_a day_n not_o mention_v all-saint_n but_o both_o he_o in_o his_o 34_o the_o chapter_n and_o belethus_n in_o his_o do_v call_v it_o festum_fw-la maximum_fw-la &_o generale_fw-mi be_v not_o only_o the_o feast_n of_o apostle_n and_o martyr_n but_o of_o the_o trinity_n angel_n and_o confessor_n as_o durandus_fw-la term_v it_o and_o that_o honour_v therefore_o and_o duty_n quoth_v in_o singulis_fw-la valet_fw-la potentius_fw-la valebit_fw-la in_o conjunctis_fw-la as_o for_o the_o feast_n of_o all-soul_n neither_o durandus_fw-la nor_o belethus_n nor_o any_o ancient_a of_o those_o time_n for_o they_o live_v almost_o 400._o year_n since_o do_v record_v it_o for_o a_o festival_n but_o our_o countryman_n walsingham_n the_o monk_n of_o st._n alban_n say_v that_o simon_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 1328._o at_o a_o provincial_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n do_v ordain_v quod_fw-la die_fw-la parasceve_fw-la &_o in_o commemoratione_n omnium_fw-la animarum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servili_fw-la opere_fw-la cessaretur_fw-la sure_o he_o mistake_v it_o for_o neither_o be_v it_o so_o mention_v in_o lindewood_n recite_v that_o canon_n nor_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n of_o the_o council_n itself_o where_o the_o two_o feast_n canonize_v by_o he_o be_v the_o paresceve_fw-mi and_o the_o conception_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n yet_o doubtless_o whensoever_o it_o be_v institute_v it_o be_v a_o great_a feast_n with_o we_o though_o no_o where_o else_o for_o the_o old_a breviarium_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la do_v not_o only_o set_v it_o down_o in_o the_o calendar_n for_o a_o double_a feast_n but_o appoint_v after_o the_o whole_a service_n with_o the_o nine_o lesson_n for_o it_o as_o a_o feast_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o though_o neither_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n vi._n nor_o our_o church_n at_o this_o day_n do_v receive_v it_o yet_o be_v former_o a_o vacation_n day_n as_o it_o seem_v our_o judge_n still_o forbear_v to_o sit_v upon_o it_o as_o not_o hitherto_o make_v a_o day_n in_o court_n though_o deprive_v of_o festival_n rite_n and_o therefore_o neither_o grace_v with_o robe_n nor_o feast_v 〈◊〉_d the_o feast_n also_o of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n on_o the_o 29_o the_o of_o june_n be_v a_o double_a feast_n yet_o it_o be_v now_o become_v single_a and_o our_o judge_n sit_v upon_o it_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o find_v the_o reason_n unless_o that_o by_o decanonize_a st._n paul_n and_o so_o leave_v st._n peter_n single_a we_o allow_v he_o no_o prerogative_n above_o the_o other_o apostle_n lest_o it_o shall_v give_v colour_n for_o his_o primacy_n for_o to_o st._n paul_n as_o one_o bear_v out_o of_o time_n we_o allow_v no_o festival_n either_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n vi_o or_o in_o the_o almanac_n and_o kalendar_n of_o our_o church_n and_o why_o st._n peter_n have_v it_o not_o be_v the_o more_o observable_a for_o that_o he_o not_o only_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o his_o apostleship_n contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n as_o the_o other_o be_v but_o also_o of_o the_o privilege_n give_v he_o in_o that_o place_n by_o pope_n nicholas_n the_o 2_o d._n in_o a_o bull_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o be_v patron_n of_o the_o paroche_n and_o dedication_n of_o westminster_n where_o the_o term_n be_v keep_v and_o where_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o day_n he_o be_v also_o privilege_v from_o court_n business_n other_o festival_n i_o inquire_v not_o after_o as_o of_o st._n dunstan_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v rubricate_a in_o old_a kalendar_n they_o be_v either_o abrogate_a by_o old_a canon_n of_o our_o own_o church_n or_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n vi_o whereof_o i_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o find_v it_o repeal_v by_o queen_n mary_n but_o not_o revive_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n or_o since_o too_o day_n i_o be_o carry_v from_o the_o brevity_n i_o intend_v yet_o all_o this_o lie_v in_o my_o way_n nor_o be_v it_o out_o of_o it_o to_o speak_v a_o word_n of_o st._n george's-day_n which_o sometime_o fall_v in_o easter-term_n and_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o court_n royal_a with_o great_a solemnity_n but_o not_o in_o the_o court_v judicial_a though_o he_o stand_v before_o in_o the_o calendar_n and_o be_v the_o english_a patron_n of_o elder_a time_n yet_o h._n chichley_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n give_v he_o his_o greatness_n by_o canonise_a his_o day_n to_o be_v as_o a_o double_a feast_n and_o grand_a day_n as_o well_o among_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n and_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o other_o repair_v to_o their_o church_n shall_v celebrate_v it_o as_o christmass-day_n free_a from_o servile-work_n in_o ardent_a prayer_n for_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o constitution_n be_v to_o excite_v king_n henry_n the_o v._o be_v upon_o his_o expedition_n for_o normandy_n and_o though_o this_o among_o other_o holiday_n be_v abolish_v by_o the_o statute_n 5._o and_o 6._o of_o edw._n vi._n yet_o it_o be_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n it_o be_v provide_v in_o the_o statute_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v celebrate_v it_o on_o the_o 22_o d._n 23_o d._n and_o 24_o the_o of_o april_n other_o feast_n there_o be_v of_o this_o nature_n as_o that_o of_o st._n wenefred_n on_o the_o second_o of_o november_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n no_o day_n of_o sit_v but_o apply_v to_o the_o prick_n of_o sheriff_n these_o be_v vanish_v and_o in_o their_o room_n we_o have_v one_o new_o memorable_o day_n of_o intermit_a court_n and_o law_n business_n for_o a_o little_a in_o the_o morning_n whilst_o the_o judge_n in_o their_o robe_n go_v solemn_o to_o the_o great_a church_n at_o westminster_n on_o the_o five_o of_o november_n yearly_o to_o give_v god_n thanks_o for_o our_o great_a delivery_n from_o the_o powder-treason_n and_o hear_v a_o sermon_n touch_v it_o which_o do_v they_o return_v to_o their_o bench_n the_o institution_n hereof_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n jacobi_n and_o it_o be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o those_o ferial_a day_n which_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o emperor_n not_o by_o the_o pope_n be_v in_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n call_v dies_fw-la feriati_fw-la repentini_fw-la i_o will_v go_v no_o far_o among_o the_o tedious_a subtlety_n of_o distinguish_v of_o day_n i_o have_v not_o be_v matriculate_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o i_o confess_v i_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v explain_v many_o objection_n and_o contrariety_n that_o may_v be_v gather_v in_o these_o passage_n some_o oedipus_n or_o ariadne_n must_v help_v i_o out_o chap._n iii_o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o see_v why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v and_o sometime_o on_o sunday_n itself_o notwithstanding_o any_o thing_n before_o mention_v for_o as_o in_o termtime_n some_o day_n be_v exempt_v from_o term_n business_n and_o some_o portion_n of_o the_o day_n from_o sit_v in_o court_n so_o in_o the_o vacation-time_n and_o day_n exempt_v some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o express_a permission_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o 1._o poet_n in_o the_o georgic_n quip_n etiam_fw-la festis_fw-la quaedam_fw-la exercere_fw-la diebus_fw-la fas_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la sinunt_fw-la the_o synod_n of_o medard_n admit_v matter_n the_o pace_n &_o concordia_fw-la to_o be_v dispatch_v both_o on_o holy_a day_n and_o on_o sunday_n itself_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n i._n matter_n of_o concord_n and_o do_v fealty_n to_o the_o lord_n the_o decree_n of_o gregory_n ix_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o do_v piety_n according_a to_o that_o of_o ep._n prosper_n non_fw-la recto_fw-la seruat_fw-la legalia_fw-la sabbata_n cultu_fw-la qui_fw-la pietatis_fw-la opus_fw-la credit_n in_o his_o vetitum_fw-la the_o rule_n be_v verify_v by_o our_o saviour_n heal_v on_o the_o sabbath_n out_o of_o these_o and_o such_o other_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a cite_v in_o the_o gloss_n the_o canonist_n have_v collect_v these_o case_n wherein_o judge_n may_v proceed_v legal_o upon_o the_o day_n prohibit_v or_o do_v the_o thing_n herein_o follow_v for_o matter_n of_o 17._o peace_n and_o concord_n by_o reason_n whereof_o our_o judge_n take_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o fines_n statute_n recognizance_n etc._n etc._n upon_o any_o day_n even_o the_o sabbath-day_n though_o it_o be_v better_a than_o forbear_v if_o necessity_n require_v it_o not_o for_o suppress_v of_o traitor_n thief_n and_o notoriours_n offender_n which_o may_v otherwise_o trouble_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o endanger_v the_o kingdom_n for_o manumission_n of_o bondman_n a_o work_n of_o piety_n for_o save_v that_o which_o