in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n have_v there_o declare_v it_o to_o be_v than_o it_o may_v give_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o kind_n that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o these_o time_n of_o great_a iminency_n and_o authority_n for_o there_o i_o find_v two_o several_a writ_n or_o commission_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o one_o authorise_v certain_a person_n to_o survey_v the_o defence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n the_o other_o for_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o terminer_n register_n in_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n surround_v ground_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n humber_n and_o auckholin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v set_v down_o verbatim_o in_o fitz._n nat_n breed_v foe_fw-mi 113._o yet_o the_o first_o statute_n which_o appear_v to_o we_o 113._o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 113._o in_o print_n wherein_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v set_v down_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 6._o henry_n 6._o chapt._n 5._o yet_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o say_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o rigister_n 5._o 6._o h._n 6._o cap._n 5._o and_o fitz._n na_o breed_v be_v in_o their_o form_n long_o before_o henry_n the_o 6._o time_n and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 6._o add_v some_o more_o power_n and_o strength_n thereto_o then_o be_v before_o have_v back_v they_o with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v something_o additional_a in_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v in_o power_n as_o by_o both_o the_o commission_n compare_v together_o be_v apparent_a i_o do_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o 38._o edw._n 3._o lib._n ass_n plac_fw-la 15._o that_o 15._o 38._o ed._n 3._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 15._o a_o commission_n be_v award_v to_o inquire_v of_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o these_o law_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o 10._o report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n of_o sewer_n may_v grant_v commission_n for_o the_o survey_v and_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v the_o book_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o his_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n have_v in_o report_v sir_n john_n davies_n report_v his_o first_o case_n set_v the_o first_o statute_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v in_o time_n the_o 9_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o first_o volumn_n of_o of_o statute_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o 3._o 9_o h._n 3._o law_n by_o all_o which_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o law_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o time_n as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o be_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o herein_o confirm_v for_o that_o in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v these_o word_n that_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la regiae_fw-la ad_fw-la providendum_fw-la salvationi_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la circumquaque_fw-la fuit_fw-la astrictus_fw-la wherein_o it_o be_v hereby_o make_v plain_a that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o tenure_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n be_v bind_v to_o see_v and_o foresee_v the_o safety_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o this_o law_n be_v a_o prerogative_n law_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o all_o prerogative_n be_v without_o limitation_n of_o time_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o all_o or_o any_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o be_v so_o improvident_a as_o to_o want_v these_o law_n without_o the_o which_o the_o realm_n can_v not_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o unmerciful_a enemy_n the_o sea_n wherein_o i_o do_v conclude_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o this_o statute_n show_v it_o viz_o a_o general_a act_n for_o grant_v commission_n of_o sewer_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o word_n of_o restraint_n other_o than_o these_o where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o although_o expounder_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o make_v the_o title_n their_o text_n either_o for_o the_o body_n or_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v some_o direction_n in_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o but_o to_o make_v the_o title_n to_o be_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o material_a exposition_n of_o the_o law_n may_v lead_v the_o expositor_n many_o time_n into_o error_n for_o in_o stradling_n and_o morgan_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n the_o morgan_n stradling_n and_o morgan_n title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o true_a answer_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o body_n do_v extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o receiver_n of_o subject_n but_o there_o the_o judge_n and_o expounder_n of_o that_o law_n go_v with_o the_o title_n in_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 23._o eliz._n the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o politic_a eliz._n 23._o eliz._n constitution_n for_o the_o navy_n and_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o new_a fish_n day_n provide_v which_o no_o man_n will_v have_v look_v for_o under_o such_o a_o title_n and_o lucian_n a_o ancient_a greek_a poet_n compile_v a_o book_n and_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n thereof_o entitle_v the_o same_o a_o book_n of_o true_a report_n where_o look_v into_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n true_a therein_o so_o it_o appear_v though_o in_o act_n and_o book_n the_o title_n and_o style_n may_v give_v help_n in_o the_o exposition_n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o index_n or_o table_n to_o find_v out_o the_o matter_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o rely_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v or_o refuse_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v howsoever_o there_o be_v better_a concord_n betwixt_o the_o title_n and_o the_o body_n of_o my_o statute_n for_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o act_n perform_v as_o much_o as_o the_o title_n promise_v whereby_o the_o inland_a country_n of_o nottingham_n northampton_n huntingdon_n bedford_n and_o the_o like_a may_v have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o maritine_n country_n of_o lincoln_n york_n cambridge_n norfolk_z suffolk_z kent_z sussex_n hampshire_n devon_n cornwall_n gloucester_n chester_n and_o lancashire_n if_o not_o in_o all_o yet_o in_o part_n as_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o second_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o although_o both_o the_o statute_n of_o 6._o hen._n 8._o and_o the_o register_n and_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n make_v all_o of_o they_o mention_n in_o those_o commission_n of_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o of_o no_o other_o county_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o judge_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o expositor_n do_v intend_v then_o and_o do_v extend_v they_o to_o all_o the_o part_n and_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o first_o original_a and_o the_o chief_a use_n of_o these_o law_n be_v in_o the_o say_v maritine_n country_n which_o stand_v in_o most_o need_v thereof_o and_o especial_o lincolnshire_n where_o be_v the_o huge_a great_a and_o vast_a fen_n and_o marsh_n but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v serve_v general_o for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o have_v bound_v they_o so_o herein_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o it_o from_o the_o title_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n where_o the_o word_n be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o be_v that_o the_o king_n nothing_o earthly_a so_o high_o weigh_v as_o the_o advance_v the_o common_a profit_n wealth_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n be_v of_o all_o other_o think_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n when_o the_o king_n prefer_v the_o same_o before_o any_o earthly_a thing_n and_o the_o king_n care_v herein_o become_v his_o royal_a person_n very_o worthy_o because_o by_o this_o statute_n safety_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o realm_n and_o wealth_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o people_n thereof_o great_a and_o better_a fruit_n then_o which_o no_o humane_a law_n can_v produce_v and_o the_o chief_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n be_v most_o apt_o
further_o in_o proof_n of_o my_o say_a opinion_n the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n cromwell_n in_o 15_o el._n in_o dier_n fol._n 322._o do_v come_v full_o thereto_o which_o be_v that_o a_o replevin_n in_o a_o avowry_n be_v make_v for_o a_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o ten_o shilling_n due_a for_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o by-law_n contra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o allege_v to_o make_v by-law_n within_o the_o manor_n by_o the_o custom_n thereof_o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n and_o in_o the_o 47_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 12._o the_o prior_n of_o tindals_n case_n 3._o 47_o ed._n 3._o where_o the_o prior_n be_v amerce_v and_o another_o man_n good_n be_v take_v and_o distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o prior_n for_o the_o say_a amerciament_n and_o the_o distress_n be_v not_o well_o take_v and_o so_o my_o opinion_n may_v be_v conceive_v that_o for_o a_o assess_v the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n may_v be_v distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v but_o may_v not_o there_o be_v take_v for_o a_o fine_a or_o amerciament_n which_o be_v collateral_a duty_n and_o attend_v upon_o the_o person_n and_o do_v not_o charge_v the_o soil_n this_o discourse_n be_v thus_o end_v i_o shall_v now_o enter_v into_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n and_o yet_o because_o these_o matter_n be_v frequent_a in_o business_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o pretermit_v i_o will_v in_o some_o other_o place_n more_o full_o discourse_n of_o good_n sold_n the_o further_a matter_n of_o this_o point_n will_v rest_v upon_o this_o whether_o good_n distrain_v and_o take_v for_o a_o sess_n and_o rate_v of_o sewer_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o not_o which_o point_n have_v be_v often_o practise_v then_o the_o law_n true_o decide_v but_o before_o i_o shall_v touch_v upon_o the_o main_a i_o will_v make_v a_o ingress_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o matter_n whereby_o the_o property_n of_o a_o man_n good_n may_v be_v alter_v without_o his_o consent_n and_o first_o at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o man_n good_n be_v wreck_v waive_v or_o take_v as_o stray_n or_o sell_v in_o market_n overt_a the_o property_n may_v be_v alter_v second_o by_o custom_n as_o in_o london_n upon_o a_o foreign_a attachment_n good_n may_v be_v attach_v and_o sell_v to_o another_o and_o in_o 10_o el._n dyer_n fol._n 279._o b._n a_o custom_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v in_o york_n of_o foreign_a good_n there_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v seizeable_a by_o the_o corporation_n and_o so_o in_o case_n of_o a_o heriot_n custom_n three_o but_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n can_v take_v the_o property_n of_o my_o good_n from_o i_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o london_n cook_n rep._n the_o case_n of_o austen_n and_o waltham_n where_o king_n henry_n the_o 6._o grant_v to_o the_o corporation_n of_o dyer_n there_o by_o charter_n that_o if_o upon_o search_n they_o shall_v find_v any_o clothes_n die_v with_o logwood_n that_o they_o seize_v they_o as_o forfeit_v but_o resolve_v that_o this_o grant_n be_v in_o that_o point_n void_a four_o by_o a_o by-law_n in_o a_o court_n leet_n or_o baron_n the_o property_n of_o my_o good_n can_v be_v take_v from_o i_o and_o five_o by_o a_o judgement_n against_o one_o at_o the_o common_a law_n although_o a_o man_n person_n nor_o his_o land_n be_v liable_a thereto_o yet_o his_o good_n be_v these_o five_o ground_n be_v first_o take_v i_o shall_v now_o examine_v the_o particular_a of_o our_o case_n in_o question_n touch_v the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n for_o sale_n of_o good_n and_o against_o this_o sale_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v allege_v first_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o give_v a_o distress_n and_o a_o distress_n be_v but_o a_o gage_n or_o pledge_v and_o can_v be_v sell_v for_o if_o a_o lord_n distrain_v his_o tenant_n cattle_n for_o rent_n and_o service_n he_o can_v sell_v the_o distress_n and_o although_o in_o 10_o &_o 11_o el._n dier_n fol._n 280._o a_o return_n irreplevisable_v be_v award_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o avowant_n yet_o he_o can_v sell_v this_o distress_n nor_o work_v they_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o that_o book_n second_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o rastal_a marsh_n and_o fen_n do_v enact_v that_o a_o commission_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o of_o we_o shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n and_o other_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o fen-ground_n where_o for_o a_o assess_v impose_v and_o for_o fines_n and_o amerciament_n express_a power_n be_v give_v by_o that_o statute_n to_o sell_v the_o party_n good_n which_o do_v refuse_v to_o pay_v ergo_fw-la without_o such_o a_o express_a clause_n a_o sale_n of_o good_n can_v not_o have_v be_v lawful_a and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 3_o jac._n the_o forfeiture_n of_o alehousekeeper_n jac._n 1_o &_o 3_o jac._n may_v be_v levy_v by_o sale_n of_o their_o good_n by_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o our_o statute_n want_v such_o a_o express_a clause_n to_o authorise_v a_o sale_n therefore_o no_o sale_n can_v be_v but_o much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o although_o in_o case_n of_o sale_n the_o law_n be_v tender_a yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o both_o our_o common_a law_n custom_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n daily_o use_v they_o and_o be_v frequent_a in_o those_o sale_n and_o we_o know_v that_o a_o distress_n be_v proper_o a_o pledge_n to_o be_v detain_v till_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v and_o then_o to_o be_v restore_v and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v sell_v yet_o in_o 3_o h._n 7._o fol._n 4._o a_o distress_n take_v for_o a_o amerciament_n 7._o 3._o h._n 7._o in_o a_o leet_n or_o law-day_n may_v be_v sell_v as_o well_o in_o the_o case_n where_o the_o subject_n have_v by_o charter_n or_o prescription_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o where_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v they_o and_o all_o the_o reason_n which_o that_o book_n yield_v for_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v the_o king_n court_n but_o a_o distress_n take_v for_o a_o americament_n in_o a_o court_n baron_n can_v be_v sell_v and_o in_o 22_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 72._o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o one_o recover_v a_o debt_n in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr the_o good_n of_o the_o debtor_n can_v not_o be_v sell_v therefore_o assiz_n 22_o assiz_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v always_o in_o practice_n that_o for_o debt_n and_o damage_n recover_v in_o the_o county_n court_v the_o good_n of_o the_o debtor_n have_v and_o be_v usual_o sell_v for_o they_o by_o levarifacias_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o be_v use_v per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la and_o a_o sale_n in_o such_o a_o case_n in_o a_o court_n baron_n by_o custom_n be_v good_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 27._o and_o 21_o h._n 7._o foe_n 40._o in_o a_o leet_n court_n one_o prescribe_a and_o allege_v a_o custom_n to_o 7._o 7_o h._n 4._o 21_o h._n 7._o have_v of_o every_o one_o which_o make_v a_o affray_n within_o his_o liberty_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o prescribe_v also_o to_o distrain_v for_o it_o and_o to_o sell_v the_o distress_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 11_o h._n 4._o 14._o and_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 2._o a_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o knight_n fee_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v sell_v therefore_o now_o let_v we_o see_v and_o examine_v well_o by_o what_o authority_n our_o officer_n of_o sewer_n may_v sell_v the_o distress_n take_v the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n which_o be_v most_o powerful_a in_o this_o point_n be_v these_o viz._n to_o depute_v and_o assign_v diligent_a faithful_a and_o true_a keeper_n bailiff_n surveyor_n collector_n expenditor_n and_o other_o officer_n for_o the_o safety_n conservation_n reparation_n and_o make_v repair_a reform_v and_o amend_v of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o to_o hear_v the_o account_n of_o the_o collector_n and_o other_o minister_n of_o and_o for_o the_o receipt_n and_o lay_v out_o of_o the_o money_n that_o shall_v be_v levy_v and_o pay_v in_o and_o about_o the_o same_o here_o be_v the_o word_n levy_n use_v and_o money_n levy_v be_v proper_o upon_o a_o sale_n execution_n or_o forfeiture_n and_o the_o word_n of_o our_o statute_n go_v furthet_n viz._n and_o to_o distrain_v or_o otherwise_o to_o punish_v the_o debtor_n and_o distrainer_n of_o the_o same_o by_o fines_n amerciament_n pain_n or_o other_o like_a mean_n after_o their_o good_a discretious_a and_o no_o likely_a mean_n to_o these_o be_v there_o any_o then_o to_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o
discretion_n omit_v many_o other_o because_o i_o have_v rather_o trust_v to_o the_o worst_a certain_a law_n then_o to_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o the_o uncertain_a discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n according_a to_o the_o old_a say_n quoad_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la quà m_fw-la plurima_fw-la legibus_fw-la ipsis_fw-la definiantur_fw-la ret._n aristotle_n ret._n quam_fw-la paucissima_fw-la vero_fw-la judicis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la relinquantur_fw-la and_o herein_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v make_v good_a my_o word_n in_o this_o that_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o my_o argument_n that_o the_o say_v new_a bank_n and_o new_a river_n may_v well_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o by_o their_o good_a discretion_n and_o so_o may_v the_o say_v old_a sewer_n be_v repair_v and_o therefore_o these_o be_v end_v i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o rest_n remain_v my_o former_a labour_n have_v be_v to_o expound_v and_o declare_v what_o defence_n as_o well_o against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n as_o against_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o also_o new_o erect_v by_o the_o tenor_n and_o power_n of_o these_o law_n so_o that_o now_o it_o come_v very_o apt_o to_o be_v handle_v for_o what_o cause_n consideration_n and_o matter_n one_o shall_v or_o may_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o repair_n and_o keep_v thereof_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v these_o nine_o several_a way_n 1._o by_o frontage_n 2._o by_o ownership_n 3._o by_o prescription_n 4._o by_o custom_n 5._o by_o tenure_n 6._o by_o covenant_n 7._o per_fw-la usum_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n 9_o by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o suppose_v i_o shall_v produce_v sufficient_a warrant_n and_o authority_n for_o to_o maintain_v all_o these_o distinction_n wherein_o i_o be_o desirous_a that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o who_o learning_n and_o instruction_n i_o have_v take_v these_o pain_n will_v apply_v themselves_o to_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o service_n herein_o careful_o and_o advise_o and_o like_a to_o skilful_a physician_n will_v apply_v fit_v medicine_n to_o the_o cure_n of_o every_o disease_n else_o shall_v they_o oftentimes_o opprimere_fw-la insontes_fw-la &_o dimittere_fw-la reos_fw-la but_o if_o they_o will_v serious_o cast_v their_o eye_n upon_o these_o ensue_a case_n they_o will_v be_v very_o helpful_a to_o they_o in_o their_o proceed_n frontage_n frontage_n be_v where_o the_o ground_n of_o any_o man_n do_v join_v with_o the_o brow_n or_o front_n thereof_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o great_a or_o royal_a stream_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o royal_a river_n the_o property_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o ground_n adjoin_v be_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n who_o land_n do_v but_o and_o bind_v thereon_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o royal_a river_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o former_o in_o my_o tractate_n of_o river_n may_v appear_v but_o in_o case_n of_o petty_a and_o mean_a river_n and_o stream_n the_o soil_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bank_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o they_o who_o ground_n adjoyn_v thereto_o so_o that_o frontage_n and_o ownership_n in_o base_a inferior_a river_n do_v not_o differ_v but_o in_o great_a stream_n and_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v vary_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o it_o seem_v that_o the_o frontager_n be_v bind_v to_o 10._o 37_o assiz_n pl._n 10._o the_o repair_v and_o in_o 8_o h._n 7._o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v to_o a_o highway_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o by_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o these_o case_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n touch_v repair_v of_o the_o high_a stream_n and_o the_o highway_n in_o my_o opinion_n ownership_n the_o ownership_n of_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrrant_v to_o impose_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o upon_o he_o without_o be_v tie_v thereto_o by_o prescription_n as_o appear_v in_o 8_o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o it_o stand_v with_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o reason_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o own_o and_o the_o consideration_n be_v also_o move_v for_o that_o his_o ground_n which_o lie_v near_a the_o water_n be_v soon_o subject_a to_o drown_v and_o if_o any_o increase_n be_v upon_o the_o small_a river_n it_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n prescription_n and_o custom_n prescription_n and_o custom_n be_v much_o of_o one_o quality_n for_o in_o both_o of_o they_o the_o efficient_a matter_n be_v use_n to_o repair_v and_o the_o law_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o many_o of_o our_o book_n prescription_n do_v not_o bind_v or_o tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o in_o this_o it_o do_v differ_v from_o custom_n for_o if_o it_o be_v present_v that_o a._n b._n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n use_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o presentment_n be_v void_a and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o party_n pro_fw-la ut_fw-la constat_fw-la in_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38._o 3._o 21_o ed._n 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o 19_o h._n 7._o 45_o e._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o 31._o 19_o h._n 7._o kelwey_n fol._n 52._o and_o 45_o e._n 3._o but_o body_n politic_a or_o coprorate_a may_v be_v by_o custom_n bind_v to_o repair_n without_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n that_o they_o be_v to_o do_v the_o same_o ratione_fw-la talis_fw-la messuagii_fw-la terrae_fw-la aut_fw-la tenementi_fw-la and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38_o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitzherb_n title_n bar._n plac_n 103._o for_o 3._o 21._o e._n 4._o 44_o e._n 3._o there_o a_o prior_n be_v present_v that_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v use_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n which_o be_v in_o decay_n and_o this_o presentment_n though_o it_o charge_v no_o land_n be_v good_a and_o in_o 19_o hen._n 7._o aforesaid_a it_o be_v 7._o 19_o h._n 7._o say_v that_o one_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n ratione_fw-la resiantiae_fw-la but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o take_v but_o that_o he_o be_v charge_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o house_n he_o dwell_v in_o for_o resiantia_fw-la import_v so_o much_o also_o if_o a_o man_n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v voluntary_o make_v a_o defence_n for_o a_o long_a season_n this_o will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n thereto_o though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o in_o fee-simple_n for_o descend_v charge_n will_v not_o bind_v the_o heir_n unless_o he_o descend_v have_v asset_n as_o a_o equal_a consideration_n to_o bind_v he_o thereto_o neither_o will_v descend_a asset_n of_o land_n bind_v a_o heir_n in_o this_o case_n unless_o the_o land_n itself_o be_v real_o tie_v and_o charge_v tenure_n a_o man_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o law_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n case_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o fol._n 12._o be_v full_a in_o the_o point_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o a_o man_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n or_o if_o since_o that_o statute_n one_o have_v make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n to_o hold_v the_o same_o by_o repair_v a_o bridge_n the_o say_a feoffee_n and_o donee_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o say_a tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o say_a 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o bridge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 12_o h._n 7._o 18._o and_o 8._o 24_o h._n 8._o 24_o h._n br._n case_n fel._n 9_o and_o in_o porter_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n porter_n case_n first_o report_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o repair_v way_n bridge_n calceys_n or_o such_o like_a this_o do_v bind_v the_o owner_n of_o those_o land_n to_o do_v those_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 12_o h._n 4._o fol._n 7._o the_o prior_n of_o st._n mark_v in_o bristol_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o common_a sewer_n and_o this_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v this_o point_n covenant_n so_o likewise_o a_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o his_o covenant_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n and_o he_o may_v bind_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o this_o covenant_n will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n after_o his_o death_n unless_o there_o be_v leave_v asset_n in_o fee_n simple_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o say_a
title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
again_o to_o their_o successor_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n nevil_n in_o plo._n com._n a_o office_n of_o a_o parker_n be_v grant_v to_o two_o and_o a_o annuity_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o the_o annuity_n may_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o office_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o manor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n be_v at_o the_o first_o lay_v thereto_o or_o give_v therewithal_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n in_o his_o place_n by_o the_o founder_n and_o so_o may_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o without_o his_o consent_n and_o touch_v the_o intail_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o mancel_v case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o bailiff_n or_o receiver_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v entail_v so_o a_o use_n and_o a_o copyhold_n because_o these_o concern_v and_o depend_v upon_o land_n but_o the_o office_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o hawk_n or_o the_o mastership_n of_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-la donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la nor_o a_o annuity_n which_o charge_v the_o person_n yet_o all_o these_o may_v be_v give_v or_o grant_v within_o these_o entail_v limitation_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v no_o intail_v within_o that_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n but_o have_v a_o manor_n belong_v to_o it_o make_v the_o question_n of_o more_o moment_n for_o as_o the_o office_n dese_fw-fr be_v not_o intailable_a so_o the_o land_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi may_v be_v entail_v but_o land_n in_o our_o case_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a but_o the_o accessary_a &_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o land_n follow_v the_o office_n as_o the_o shadow_n do_v the_o body_n and_o pass_v out_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n by_o the_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ceremony_n by_o which_o land_n be_v transfer_v and_o pass_v i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v it_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o the_o office_n of_o itself_o may_v bear_v which_o can_v not_o be_v entail_v yet_o because_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o forester_n with_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v in_o tail_n in_o 1_o h._n 7._o aforesaid_a with_o a_o remainder_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o thereof_o over_o in_o fee_n i_o be_o therefore_o conclude_v to_o make_v any_o further_a question_n of_o it_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o and_o do_v pass_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o point_n second_o point_n the_o second_o common_a law_n point_n be_v whether_o this_o gift_n in_o my_o case_n be_v a_o frank-mariage_n or_o another_o entail_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o book_n that_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n incident_a to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank-mariage_n viz._n first_o it_o must_v be_v to_o or_o with_o a_o cousin_n within_o the_o four_o degree_n second_o the_o word_n frank-mariage_n must_v be_v literal_o express_v three_o the_o reversion_n must_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n in_o the_o donor_n and_o then_o there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n follow_v as_o consequent_n four_o acquital_n of_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o five_o warranty_n to_o secure_v the_o estate_n and_o the_o want_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o in_o the_o creation_n do_v destroy_v that_o estate_n in_o the_o conception_n here_o seem_v to_o be_v two_o impediment_n in_o my_o case_n to_o hinder_v this_o gift_n to_o take_v root_n as_o a_o frank_n marriage_n it_o be_v make_v abnepti_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cousin_n in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o the_o last_o in_o those_o gift_n whereby_o the_o gift_n that_o way_n can_v have_v his_o full_a operation_n for_o that_o the_o first_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n be_v out_o of_o the_o former_a privilege_n but_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v it_o that_o a_o frank_n marriage_n do_v more_o respect_n his_o original_a creation_n in_o incepto_fw-la than_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o the_o heir_n in_o svo_fw-la progressu_fw-la i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v no_o impediment_n to_o hinder_v this_o from_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n but_o here_o the_o word_n in_o the_o gift_n precede_v the_o word_n frank_a marriage_n do_v differ_v much_o from_o it_o for_o by_o the_o special_a limitation_n the_o heir_n female_n shall_v inherit_v with_o the_o heir_n male_n simul_n &_o semel_fw-la as_o heir_n in_o common_a but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o frank_n marriage_n heir_n males_n shall_v first_o inherit_v single_a and_o for_o want_v of_o they_o then_o the_o female_n i_o do_v agree_v the_o law_n that_o in_o case_n where_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n may_v in_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o word_n and_o limitation_n of_o art_n contain_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o gift_n shall_v be_v take_v a_o frank_a marriage_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 2_o h._n 3._o it._n suff_v fitz._n mordanc_n plac_fw-la 52._o where_o land_n be_v give_v 3._o 2_o h._n 3._o in_o frank_n marriage_n to_o r._n s._n cum_fw-la alicia_n sorore_fw-la le_fw-fr donor_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dictae_fw-la aliciae_fw-la &_o puerorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o land_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o donor_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n and_o the_o word_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la be_v hold_v of_o no_o validity_n neither_o will_v the_o word_n of_o reservandum_fw-la redendum_fw-la tenendum_fw-la or_o warrantizandum_fw-la though_o they_o vary_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o frank_n marriage_n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o destroy_v the_o same_o as_o a_o habendum_fw-la may_v do_v which_o be_v the_o word_n who_o proper_a place_n be_v to_o create_v the_o estate_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v therein_o which_o be_v repugnant_a thereunto_o the_o same_o will_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n in_o 45_o edward_n the_o 3._o title_n tail_n 14_o and_o 31._o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n in_o frank_n marriage_n with_o b._n the_o daughter_n 3._o 45_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o donor_n habendum_fw-la to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o fee_n simple_a and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v where_o land_n be_v grant_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o frank_a marriage_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o opinion_n in_o br._n case_n and_o so_o in_o my_o case_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n in_o my_o case_n and_o the_o word_n frank_n marriage_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o gift_n be_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n according_a to_o the_o special_a limitation_n and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n three_o point_n whether_o the_o bastard_n shall_v inherit_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o three_o common_a law_n question_n for_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o a_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n because_o adultery_n and_o fornication_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o every_o bastard_n be_v opposite_a to_o marriage_n and_o in_o breach_n of_o that_o powerful_a link_n and_o knot_n of_o matrimony_n which_o be_v a_o ordinance_n derive_v from_o the_o divine_a power_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o therefore_o see_v marriage_n be_v the_o material_a consideration_n of_o such_o a_o gift_n bastardy_n the_o opposite_a can_v never_o be_v out_o of_o the_o consideration_n come_v within_o the_o privilege_n to_o inherit_v this_o estate_n so_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._o and_o s._n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v their_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o this_o gift_n because_o he_o be_v not_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o the_o word_n lawful_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o limitation_n than_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n as_o to_o a_o fee_n simple_a conditional_a which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v at_o the_o common_a law_n see_v a_o estate_n tail_n may_v be_v make_v before_o marriage_n as_o expect_v to_o be_v confirm_v thereby_o and_o so_o a_o bastard_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v by_o the_o consummation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n make_v capable_a to_o inherit_v to_o they_o if_o his_o possession_n continue_v without_o disturbance_n to_o his_o death_n yet_o in_o blow_n com._n
be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a power_n to_o supercede_v a_o court_n of_o high_a power_n yet_o if_o one_o sue_v a_o replevin_n which_o afterward_o in_o bank_n be_v abate_v and_o a_o return_n of_o the_o cattle_n there_o award_v another_o replevin_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o book_n of_o 34_o h._n 6._o fol._n 37._o and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n cap._n 2._o but_o these_o new_a replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o 6._o 34_o h._n 6._o say_a court_n where_o the_o former_a be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o sheriff_n can_v make_v deliverance_n by_o his_o warrant_n of_o cattle_n contrary_a to_o the_o award_n and_o return_v of_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o a_o retorno_n habendo_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n of_o secunda_n deliberatione_n be_v now_o to_o be_v award_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court_n whence_o the_o retorno_n habendo_fw-la come_n and_o if_o one_o will_v resemble_v this_o case_n with_o other_o authority_n and_o with_o the_o reason_n of_o other_o book_n case_n of_o the_o law_n it_o will_v be_v make_v thereby_o apparent_a that_o the_o high_a court_n may_v take_v or_o remove_v a_o cause_n out_o of_o the_o inferior_a court_n but_o not_o econtra_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o inferior_a court_n supersede_n the_o superior_a for_o if_o one_o be_v implead_v in_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n and_o in_o come_v towards_o london_n he_o be_v arrest_v in_o a_o corporation_n court_n he_o may_v be_v deliver_v thence_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n to_o the_o which_o he_o be_v attendant_a &_o the_o power_n of_o the_o inferior_a court_n shall_v be_v supercede_v thereby_o as_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v in_o divers_a of_o our_o book_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o one_o person_n be_v in_o the_o privilege_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n court_n can_v not_o just_o be_v imprison_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o inferior_a court_n and_o in_o stringfellows_n case_n in_o 3_o ed._n 6._o dier_n fol._n 67._o the_o good_n of_o one_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o 6._o 3_o ed._n 6._o sheriff_n by_o process_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n for_o a_o subject_a and_o after_o seizure_n and_o before_o delivery_n thereof_o be_v make_v a_o writ_n of_o prerogative_n come_v out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n rehearse_v thereby_o that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v before_o any_o other_o and_o command_v the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v the_o same_o on_o the_o good_n of_o the_o same_o debtor_n and_o whether_o these_o good_n that_o lay_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o process_n in_o one_o court_n may_v be_v take_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o power_n of_o another_o court_n be_v the_o question_n and_o the_o better_a opinion_n therein_o as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v that_o they_o can_v not_o for_o that_o by_o the_o former_a process_n they_o be_v privilege_v from_o all_o other_o jurisdiction_n power_n and_o authority_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o inferior_a degree_n yet_o there_o be_v two_o case_n which_o not_o be_v curious_o look_v into_o make_v show_v as_o if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 2._o where_o the_o good_n of_o i._o s._n be_v take_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o sheriff_n by_o a_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la which_o come_v out_o of_o 4._o 11_o h._n 4._o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n and_o the_o sheriff_n sell_v they_o to_o i._o d._n and_o there_o be_v a_o replevin_n sue_v in_o that_o case_n but_o no_o deliverance_n make_v of_o the_o cattle_n in_o court_n and_o the_o other_o case_n be_v in_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 28._o good_n be_v take_v by_o a_o levy_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o they_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o bailiff_n &_o there_o be_v also_o a_o replevin_n sue_v but_o no_o deliverance_n make_v of_o the_o cattle_n in_o court_n neither_o will_v the_o court_n order_v the_o defendant_n to_o gage_v deliverance_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v what_o a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v though_o another_o court_n have_v former_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cattle_n take_v by_o the_o distress_n but_o under_o favour_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v easy_o reconcile_v these_o book_n and_o shall_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v against_o my_o opinion_n former_o deliver_v upon_o this_o diversity_n that_o when_o the_o good_n be_v seize_v or_o take_v by_o process_n and_o remain_v by_o the_o virtue_n thereof_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o of_o his_o bailiff_n during_o that_o time_n no_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o case_n but_o after_o such_o time_n as_o the_o good_n or_o cattle_n be_v sell_v away_o as_o in_o the_o say_v two_o case_n former_o allege_v they_o be_v then_o against_o the_o party_n that_o buy_v they_o or_o any_o other_o a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o case_n for_o after_o the_o sale_n they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o former_a party_n and_o then_o a_o replevin_n may_v well_o take_v hold_v of_o they_o be_v out_o of_o all_o other_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o same_o difference_n i_o take_v in_o this_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o be_v that_o so_o long_o as_o good_n distrain_v by_o warrant_n and_o process_n out_o of_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n remain_v in_o the_o custody_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o replevisable_v by_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o of_o his_o deputy_n but_o after_o they_o be_v sell_v away_o then_o by_o the_o sale_n thereof_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v unto_o i_o that_o in_o rook_n case_n a_o replevin_n be_v take_v against_o he_o which_o detain_v the_o distress_n by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v true_a the_o book_n be_v so_o which_o case_n i_o admit_v and_o that_o the_o replevin_n be_v well_o grant_v there_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o it_o do_v not_o contradict_v my_o say_a opinion_n because_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v take_v and_o detain_v for_o the_o sesse_n and_o rook_n do_v sue_v the_o replevin_n which_o he_o may_v well_o do_v because_o against_o he_o or_o his_o good_n there_o be_v not_o any_o law_n of_o sewer_n extant_a or_o in_o force_n neither_o be_v he_o or_o his_o good_n within_o the_o privilege_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o carter_n cattle_n have_v be_v take_v who_o be_v the_o very_a party_n sess_v he_o can_v have_v have_v no_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o deliver_v his_o cattle_n but_o although_o a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n of_o sewer_n yet_o out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 18._o do_v afford_v we_o in_o this_o marsh_n ch_z romney_n marsh_n case_n a_o very_a good_a precedent_n for_o there_o complaint_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o thereby_o that_o whereas_o his_o highness_n have_v appoint_v and_o authorize_v henry_n de_fw-fr bathonia_n to_o be_v his_o justice_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o difference_n depend_v and_o touch_v the_o repair_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a marsh_n he_o have_v ordain_v that_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o 24._o jurator_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la vicecome_v aut_fw-la alius_fw-la balivus_fw-la noster_fw-la intromittat_fw-la in_o districtionibus_fw-la illis_fw-la tu_fw-la tamen_fw-la mean_v the_o sheriff_n of_o kent_n nihilominus_fw-la districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la propter_fw-la hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la per_fw-la vigint_fw-la quatuor_fw-la juratores_fw-la in_o prejudicio_fw-la considerationis_fw-la eorundem_fw-la reluxasti_fw-la tibi_fw-la igitur_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la illis_fw-la in_o nullo_n te_fw-la intromittas_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o like_a matter_n be_v there_o also_o so_o determine_v of_o pag._n 7._o by_o the_o which_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v not_o meddle_v with_o such_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o charter_n pag._n 8._o the_o word_n be_v further_o quod_fw-la siquis_fw-la de_fw-la consideratione_n predict_v '_o districtionis_fw-la se_fw-la injust_a gravat_fw-la '_o sentiret_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la conqueri_fw-la vellet_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsum_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la querelam_fw-la svam_fw-la deferret_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la sva_fw-la justiciam_fw-la fieri_fw-la facere_fw-la reservasset_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o replevin_n lie_v
what_o manner_n repeal_n of_o law_n what_o ground_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n how_o far_o the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n extend_v therein_o the_o reader_n conclusion_n of_o all_o his_o labour_n lectura_fw-la prima_fw-la my_o most_o worthy_a fellow_n and_o companion_n of_o this_o noble_a and_o renown_a society_n the_o hourglass_n of_o my_o puisne_n time_n be_v run_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o your_o reader_n place_n wherein_o i_o must_v hazard_v to_o your_o censure_n the_o fortune_n of_o my_o inability_n these_o twenty_o and_o six_o year_n complete_a i_o have_v have_v continuance_n here_o and_o in_o that_o time_n i_o have_v only_o take_v the_o measure_n and_o length_n of_o your_o hall_n and_o herein_o i_o acknowledge_v grayes-inn_n to_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o my_o best_a fortune_n and_o yourselves_o the_o best_a companion_n of_o my_o forepast_a and_o present_a life_n i_o make_v a_o question_n when_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n to_o read_v whether_o i_o shall_v turn_v therefrom_o or_o not_o be_v then_o trouble_v about_o two_o thing_n charge_v and_o care_n both_o which_o i_o put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n wherein_o i_o think_v charge_v weigh_v heavy_a and_o solid_a for_o ibi_fw-la ponebantur_fw-la solidi_fw-la care_v notwithstanding_o have_v his_o equal_a weight_n with_o the_o other_o and_o poise_v the_o scale_n even_o yet_o i_o consider_v the_o small_a substance_n i_o have_v get_v come_v by_o my_o profession_n i_o therefore_o take_v myself_o both_o in_o credit_n and_o conscience_n bind_v to_o undertake_v this_o burdensome_a place_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o house_n and_o with_o that_o i_o put_v charge_n and_o care_n in_o one_o scale_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o other_o which_o scale_v they_o both_o up_o twenty_o year_n likewise_o of_o my_o last_o past_a time_n i_o have_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o my_o profession_n spend_v but_o i_o hope_v little_o consume_v thereof_o in_o which_o time_n i_o launch_v forth_o my_o ship_n in_o profundum_fw-la maris_fw-la for_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o now_o she_o be_v return_v to_o your_o shore_n furnish_v and_o ballist_n with_o merchandise_n of_o several_a estimate_n by_o my_o ship_n i_o mean_v my_o statute_n which_o i_o read_v on_o which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n the_o merchandise_n be_v the_o weighty_a matter_n therein_o contain_v by_o the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o this_o ship_n i_o mean_v the_o grave_n and_o prudent_a commissioner_n who_o be_v put_v in_o charge_n and_o trust_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n by_o the_o mariner_n i_o intend_v the_o officer_n of_o this_o law_n the_o merchant_n place_n i_o reserve_v unto_o myself_o the_o ware_n bring_v home_n be_v of_o divers_a sort_n some_o only_a fit_a for_o the_o imperial_a majesty_n of_o a_o king_n and_o these_o be_v royal_a prerogative_n show_v forth_o their_o splendour_n like_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr louse_n in_o the_o crown_n other_o belong_v to_o high_a nobility_n and_o some_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o homely_a commonalty_n the_o rest_n which_o shall_v remain_v i_o have_v cast_v under_o hatch_n for_o my_o last_o day_n mart_n when_o i_o mean_v to_o make_v chaffer_n on_o they_o all_o but_o though_o i_o seem_v to_o make_v these_o market_n of_o my_o legal_a merchandise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v to_o set_v such_o rate_n upon_o they_o as_o merchant_n use_v to_o do_v which_o be_v all_o for_o utile_fw-la dulce_fw-la for_o i_o only_o set_v one_o price_n upon_o all_o which_o be_v your_o kind_a acceptance_n marvel_v not_o i_o pray_v you_o at_o these_o my_o sealike_a salutation_n for_o this_o day_n i_o be_o become_v god_n neptune_n orator_n and_o i_o mean_v to_o display_v the_o power_n of_o his_o empire_n for_o my_o statute_n my_o case_n and_o my_o argument_n will_v all_o depend_v upon_o the_o element_n of_o water_n over_o which_o as_o poet_n feign_v neptune_n have_v chief_a predominance_n well_o now_o my_o ship_n be_v at_o shore_n and_o i_o have_v cast_v anchor_n there_o and_o to_o my_o great_a comfort_n i_o see_v many_o chapman_n attend_v the_o market_n and_o therefore_o now_o present_o i_o will_v unlock_v and_o set_v open_v the_o closet_n of_o my_o store_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o fair_a volume_n of_o the_o law_n and_o especial_o in_o that_o law_n make_v and_o enact_v in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o 23._o year_n of_o hen._n the_o 8._o chapt._n 5._o which_o be_v a_o general_a act_n concern_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o cause_n wherefore_o i_o make_v choice_n to_o read_v upon_o this_o law_n be_v five_o in_o number_n viz._n first_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n though_o this_o statute_n bear_v date_n but_o 23._o henry_n 8._o second_o for_o the_o largity_n and_o extent_n thereof_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o stile_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o there_o term_v a_o general_a act_n for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o for_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o which_o continual_a practice_n and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o four_o i_o have_v have_v a_o more_o desire_n to_o read_v upon_o these_o law_n because_o never_o any_o reader_n do_v heretofore_o undertake_v the_o same_o and_o upon_o perusal_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o upon_o due_a consideration_n take_v of_o other_o i_o think_v i_o can_v not_o make_v my_o choice_n of_o a_o more_o fit_v and_o more_o necessary_a law_n nor_o more_o profitable_a for_o my_o native_a country_n of_o lincolnshire_n and_o other_o maritine_n place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n than_o this_o be_v and_o five_o his_o majesty_n general_a care_n which_o these_o law_n require_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o his_o special_a care_n by_o the_o which_o his_o highness_n of_o late_o have_v take_v these_o law_n into_o his_o gracious_a and_o provident_a protection_n and_o upon_o due_a consideration_n take_v of_o all_o these_o case_n i_o resolve_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o exposition_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v perpetual_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 3._o edward_n 6._o cap._n 8._o and_o to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o three_o first_o cause_n i_o be_o of_o law_n antiquity_n of_o these_o law_n opinion_n for_o the_o reason_n and_o authority_n ensue_v that_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v and_o be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o have_v tell_v over_o as_o much_o time_n and_o as_o many_o year_n as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v do_v for_o as_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o cambden_n cambden_n britannia_n say_v quod_fw-la insula_fw-la britannia_fw-la avida_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la omni_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la se_fw-la projecit_fw-la therefore_o this_o realm_n adjoin_v on_o every_o side_n upon_o the_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v safe_a without_o those_o provident_a law_n make_v and_o use_v for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o and_o although_o it_o be_v say_v in_o scripture_n that_o almighty_a god_n judah_n in_o manasses_n prayer_n king_n of_o judah_n have_v bind_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o word_n of_o his_o commandment_n and_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o deep_a and_o seal_v it_o with_o his_o terrible_a and_o glorious_a name_n yet_o god_n who_o bestow_v wisdom_n on_o man_n it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n he_o shall_v provident_o use_v it_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n not_o give_v way_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v remiss_a or_o presumptuous_a in_o any_o thing_n which_o by_o his_o foresight_n or_o judgement_n may_v be_v prevent_v help_v and_o relieve_v it_o be_v true_a that_o at_o the_o flood_n cum_fw-la cateracta_fw-la coeli_fw-la fuerint_fw-la 7._o genesis_n cap._n 7._o operta_fw-la when_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v by_o god_n determinate_a will_v set_v open_a and_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v suum_fw-la excedere_fw-la modum_fw-la no_o power_n of_o man_n hand_n can_v stay_v the_o swallow_a and_o devour_a surge_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o water_n yet_o then_o notwithstanding_o have_v god_n appoint_v that_o his_o servant_n noah_n and_o his_o child_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o he_o appoint_v shall_v be_v preserve_v by_o the_o ark_n which_o be_v a_o work_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n therefore_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v appoint_v man_n to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o necessary_a defence_n and_o safety_n of_o himself_o and_o of_o his_o country_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n most_o of_o which_o have_v receive_v their_o primam_fw-la essentiam_fw-la from_o the_o divine_a law_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o have_v fetch_v their_o pedigree_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o principio_fw-la bene_fw-la so_o predominant_a in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o they_o have_v never_o be_v want_v at_o any_o time_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o register_n be_v so_o ancient_a a_o book_n as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n