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book_n contain_v history_n year_n 3,071 5 5.5025 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A66481 The judgment of the foreign reformed churches concerning the rites and offices of the Church of England shewing there is no necessity of alterations : in a letter to a member of the House of Commons. Willes, John, 1646 or 7-1700. 1690 (1690) Wing W2807; ESTC R8187 45,548 70

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out_o the_o first_o lesson_n in_o the_o afternoon_n upon_o short_a day_n and_o in_o country_n parish_n to_o read_v prayer_n without_o lesson_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a however_o it_o seem_v to_o some_o a_o small_a to_z other_o a_o reasonable_a matter_n i_o do_v not_o say_v to_o leave_v out_o for_o than_o that_o shall_v have_v be_v do_v at_o first_o but_o to_o reject_v the_o apocryphal_a lesson_n yet_o in_o this_o we_o shall_v separate_v from_o the_o primitive_a the_o eastern_a western_a and_o african_a church_n from_o most_o of_o the_o reform_a church_n we_o must_v alter_v the_o 39_o article_n of_o religion_n which_o have_v be_v so_o general_o receive_v and_o applaud_v for_o they_o declare_v that_o the_o church_n do_v read_v they_o we_o must_v alter_v our_o apology_n and_o canon_n for_o there_o canon_n 30._o juells_n apol._n p._n 170._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n to_o forsake_v and_o reject_v the_o church_n of_o italy_n france_n spain_n germany_n and_o other_o church_n in_o all_o thing_n which_o they_o hold_v and_o practise_v that_o as_o the_o apology_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n confess_v it_o only_o depart_v from_o they_o in_o those_o particular_a point_n wherein_o they_o be_v fall_v both_o from_o themselves_o in_o their_o ancient_a integrity_n and_o from_o the_o apostolical_a church_n to_o this_o agree_v the_o apology_n for_o protestant_n by_o a_o french_a divine_a and_o translate_v a._n d._n 1681._o p._n 23._o as_o to_o the_o reproach_n cast_v upon_o our_o first_o reformer_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a injustice_n in_o the_o world_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v clear_a from_o their_o own_o writing_n than_o that_o it_o be_v never_o their_o intent_n to_o subvert_v the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o church_n nor_o to_o abolish_v those_o religious_a rite_n and_o holy_a ceremony_n which_o the_o piety_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n have_v introduce_v but_o only_o to_o take_v away_o the_o abuse_n of_o they_o so_o that_o in_o make_v unnecessary_a change_n in_o these_o thing_n we_o shall_v destroy_v the_o very_a foundation_n and_o principle_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o that_o this_o rule_n be_v proper_o apply_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o declaration_n of_o our_o church_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o liturgy_n where_o the_o read_n of_o the_o lesson_n as_o be_v appoint_v be_v call_v a_o godly_a and_o decent_a order_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n agreeable_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o old_a father_n upon_o all_o which_o accowt_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o consent_v to_o the_o take_v away_o the_o apocryphal_a lesson_n and_o that_o the_o reform_a church_n do_v not_o desire_v it_o of_o we_o second_o as_o to_o the_o rule_n and_o table_n for_o find_v easter_n great_a objection_n have_v be_v raise_v against_o our_o church_n
must_v be_v undeniable_o allow_v that_o antiquity_n never_o use_v kneel_v at_o the_o sacrament_n it_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a practice_n of_o all_o the_o church_n in_o the_o world_n to_o communicate_v stand_v if_o you_o ask_v how_o this_o appear_v they_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v but_o that_o the_o primitive_a christian_n in_o memory_n of_o christ_n resurrection_n for_o some_o age_n after_o it_o stand_v at_o their_o prayer_n on_o sunday_n and_o betwixt_o easter_n and_o pentecost_n by_o which_o they_o suppose_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o same_o posture_n as_o they_o say_v their_o prayer_n their_o prayer_n at_o other_o time_n be_v upon_o their_o knee_n as_o indeed_o this_o very_a order_n suppose_v tertull._n ad_fw-la scap._n quando_fw-la non_fw-la geniculationibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la siccitates_fw-la depulsae_fw-la i._o e._n when_o do_v not_o our_o solemn_a prayer_n upon_o our_o knee_n bring_v down_o rain_n origen_n in_o num._n c._n 4._o hom._n 5._o nam_fw-la quod_fw-la flectimus_fw-la orantes_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o he_o relate_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n to_o pray_v kneel_v and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr orat._n p._n 157._o he_o say_v that_o they_o general_o kneel_v at_o prayer_n except_o in_o case_n of_o sickness_n now_o the_o primitive_a christian_n receive_v the_o sacrament_n on_o other_o day_n than_o sunday_n or_o that_o space_n betwixt_o easter_n and_o pentecost_n and_o that_o they_o receive_v it_o daily_o be_v evident_a from_o st._n cyprian_n tertullian_n st._n austin_n st._n hierom_n and_o many_o other_o father_n and_o by_o consequence_n if_o they_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n in_o a_o posture_n of_o prayer_n they_o receive_v it_o kneel_v and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o through_o reformation_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o liturgy_n leave_v entire_a some_o have_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o except_v against_o the_o collect_v themselves_o as_o too_o short_a and_o not_o so_o pertinent_a i_o shall_v only_o remind_v such_o of_o what_o the_o devout_a and_o judicious_a dr._n sanderson_n say_v of_o they_o viz._n that_o the_o collect_v be_v the_o most_o passionate_a proper_a and_o most_o elegant_a expression_n that_o any_o language_n ever_o afford_v and_o that_o there_o be_v in_o they_o such_o piety_n and_o that_o so_o interweave_v with_o instruction_n that_o they_o teach_v we_o to_o know_v the_o power_n the_o wisdom_n the_o majesty_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n and_o much_o of_o our_o duty_n both_o to_o he_o and_o our_o neighbour_n and_o if_o some_o late_o collect_v be_v intend_v as_o a_o specimen_fw-la by_o which_o the_o old_a be_v to_o be_v mend_v i_o believe_v few_o will_v rejoice_v in_o the_o change_n excommunication_n for_o contempt_n be_v complain_v of_o in_o both_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o convocation_n as_o a_o matter_n high_o scandalous_a and_o that_o we_o thrust_v out_o of_o the_o church_n the_o best_a of_o our_o people_n for_o some_o penny_n or_o two_o penny_n cause_v in_o our_o ecclesiastical_a court_n now_o this_o objection_n be_v propose_v more_o peevish_o than_o ever_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o dissenter_n after_o t._n c._n in_o his_o admonition_n p._n 175._o the_o puritan_n petition_n to_o king_n james_n i._n a._n d._n 1603._o that_o man_n be_v excommunicate_v for_o trifle_n and_o twelve-penny_n matter_n so_o that_o from_o their_o objection_n of_o twelve-penny_n matter_n this_o author_n have_v stretch_v it_o to_o penny_n and_o twopenny_n matter_n but_o let_v we_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o the_o protestant_a divine_n of_o the_o foreign_a church_n and_o see_v what_o they_o say_v to_o it_o the_o dutch_a divine_n in_o sunops_n pur._n theol._n p._n 710._o say_v that_o the_o penalty_n of_o excommunication_n be_v chief_o incur_v for_o neglect_v and_o despise_v the_o censure_n and_o public_a admonition_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o geneva_n p._n 44_o 45._o they_o that_o do_v not_o obey_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n after_o due_a admonition_n be_v order_v to_o be_v excommunicate_v if_o we_o look_v into_o scotland_n and_o see_v constit_fw-la eccles_n scot._n cap._n de_fw-fr offensis_fw-la a_o small_a offence_n or_o calumny_n may_v just_o deserve_v excommunication_n if_o the_o offender_n be_v stubborn_a and_o contumacious_a 1_o book_n of_o discipl_n 9_o head_n all_o family_n must_v appear_v once_o a_o year_n before_o the_o presbyter_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o if_o child_n or_o servant_n be_v suffer_v to_o continue_v in_o wilful_a ignorance_n they_o must_v be_v excommunicate_v etc._n etc._n and_o how_o severe_a their_o excommunication_n be_v appear_v from_o the_o seven_o head_n no_o person_n may_v have_v any_o converse_n with_o he_o that_o be_v excommunicate_v not_o eat_v nor_o drink_v with_o he_o nor_o buy_v nor_o sell_v with_o he_o nor_o salute_v nor_o speak_v to_o he_o his_o child_n bear_v after_o the_o sentence_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o baptism_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o must_v say_v the_o contempt_n be_v the_o great_a when_o the_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v so_o small_a lay_v aside_o severe_a penalty_n for_o contempt_n and_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n be_v lose_v and_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v any_o court_n have_v a_o power_n to_o determine_v if_o there_o be_v no_o power_n give_v it_o to_o force_v the_o execution_n of_o it_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o foreign_a church_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o be_v more_o strict_a in_o have_v their_o canon_n and_o constitution_n observe_v than_o we_o be_v in_o england_n i_o will_v not_o mention_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o scotch-kirk_a and_o new-englands_n discipline_n as_o not_o be_v reasonable_a nor_o suit_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o in_o so_o plain_a a_o case_n let_v calvin_n and_o beza_n the_o two_o great_a apostle_n of_o geneva_n speak_v for_o all_o calvin_n instit_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 5._o sect_n 10._o let_v no_o one_o that_o despise_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n go_v unpunished_a much_o less_o let_v any_o body_n be_v permit_v to_o break_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n christ_n look_v upon_o such_o as_o deserter_n and_o runnagado_n a_o separation_n from_o a_o church_n of_o god_n be_v a_o renounce_n of_o christ_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o great_a crime_n again_o in_o his_o comment_n on_o 1_o cor._n 14._o it_o be_v easy_a to_o prove_v that_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v account_v for_o humane_a tradition_n since_o they_o be_v found_v in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o have_v a_o manifest_a approbation_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o christ_n beza_n in_o epist_n 1._o shall_v we_o say_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o have_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n in_o no_o wife_n as_o this_o liberty_n be_v understand_v that_o every_o one_o shall_v worship_n god_n as_o he_o please_v for_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a diabolical_a opinion_n to_o let_v every_o one_o perish_v that_o will_n it_o be_v a_o diabolical_a liberty_n which_o have_v fill_v poland_n and_o transylvania_n with_o so_o many_o heresy_n and_o again_o the_o same_o beza_n in_o his_o epistle_n 24._o to_o some_o dissenter_n in_o england_n thing_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a change_n their_o nature_n when_o they_o be_v command_v or_o forbid_v by_o any_o lawful_a authority_n law_n about_o thing_n indifferent_a bound_v the_o conscience_n so_o that_o no_o one_o can_v wilful_o break_v they_o without_o sin_n to_o he_o agree_v the_o dutch_a divine_n in_o synop_n pur._n theol._n p._n 453._o no_o body_n can_v wilful_o disobey_v the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n about_o indifferent_a thing_n without_o sin_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o matter_n so_o very_o evident_a i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o in_o the_o directory_n make_v by_o the_o assembly_n of_o divine_n at_o westminster_n p._n 9_o its_o express_o declare_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o public_a ordinance_n upon_o pretence_n of_o private_a meeting_n and_o the_o word_n of_o mr._n baxter_n in_o his_o reason_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n p._n 485._o no_o christian_a must_v pretend_v holiness_n against_o unity_n and_o peace_n and_o every_o tender_a conscience_n shall_v be_v as_o tender_v of_o church-division_n and_o real_a schism_n as_o of_o drunkenness_n whoredom_n or_o such_o other_o enormous_a sin_n we_o come_v next_o to_o consider_v the_o great_a point_n of_o order_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v principal_o aim_v at_o viz._n the_o allow_v of_o presbyterian_a order_n as_o valid_a the_o author_n of_o the_o letter_n from_o the_o country_n p._n 10_o 11._o propose_v three_o expedient_n the_o first_o be_v bishop_n bramball_n the_o second_o be_v hypothetical_n the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o the_o bill_n of_o union_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o bishop_n bramhall_n do_v never_o allow_v of_o presbyterian_a ordination_n but_o do_v actual_o and_o with_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o method_n of_o our_o church_n re-ordain_a such_o as_o have_v be_v only_o
be_v extinguish_v if_o only_a form_n be_v allow_v in_o the_o church_n and_o p._n 55._o the_o abatement_n of_o ceremony_n with_o the_o exclusion_n of_o all_o prayer_n but_o what_o be_v read_v will_v not_o satisfy_v we_o the_o author_n of_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o convocation_n will_v have_v many_o of_o our_o prayer_n and_o service_n leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n and_o choice_n of_o the_o minister_n p._n 21_o 22._o and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o a._n d._n 1644_o and_o 1648_o ordain_v that_o if_o any_o person_n use_v the_o common_a prayer_n book_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v for_o the_o one_a offence_n 5_o l._n for_o the_o 2d_o 10_o l._n and_o for_o the_o 3d_o offence_n a_o year_n imprisonment_n and_o every_o minister_n that_o shall_v not_o strict_o use_v the_o directory_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n and_o whoever_o shall_v preach_v write_v or_o print_v against_o it_o shall_v forfeit_v betwixt_o 5_o l._n and_o 50_o l._n the_o church_n of_o denmark_n swedeland_n saxony_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o ausburg_n confession_n have_v their_o set_a liturgy_n and_o form_n of_o public_a worship_n yea_o the_o church_n of_o france_n geneva_n and_o holland_n have_v their_o set_a prayer_n compose_v by_o calvin_n himself_o as_o luther_n compose_v prayer_n for_o the_o german_a church_n and_o zuinglius_fw-la for_o those_o of_o zurick_n the_o divine_n of_o holland_n in_o synop_n pur_fw-it theol._n disp_n 36._o sect._n 33._o declare_v set_v form_n not_o only_o lawful_a but_o very_o profitable_a the_o attention_n of_o auditor_n be_v much_o help_v by_o have_v a_o constant_a form_n some_o of_o the_o church_n of_o zealand_n thus_o declare_v themselves_o to_o our_o english_a presbyterian_o we_o account_v it_o grievous_a to_o condemn_v all_o those_o church_n which_o from_o the_o apostolical_a time_n and_o the_o primitive_a church_n to_o this_o day_n have_v celebrate_v the_o public_a worship_n of_o god_n by_o prescribe_a form_n wherefore_o we_o blame_v the_o precise_a singularity_n of_o those_o who_o cast_v out_o all_o form_n out_o of_o divine_a worship_n in_o almost_o all_o the_o reform_a church_n church-liturgy_n and_o form_n of_o prayer_n be_v approve_v as_o profitable_a and_o conduce_v to_o edification_n capellus_n professor_n of_o samur_n in_o france_n in_o thesis_n salm._n a_o set_a form_n of_o liturgy_n be_v high_o useful_a and_o necessary_a have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o all_o the_o christian_a church_n in_o the_o world_n for_o above_o 1300_o year_n and_o now_o be_v use_v every_o where_o except_o only_o by_o some_o upstart_n in_o england_n etc._n etc._n the_o greek_a church_n armenian_n coptick_n ethiopick_n and_o all_o the_o eastern_a church_n have_v set_v form_n of_o prayer_n calvin_n epist_n 87._o i_o do_v very_o much_o approve_v of_o a_o set_a form_n of_o prayer_n and_o ecclesiastical_a rite_n that_o it_o be_v so_o certain_a as_o that_o the_o minister_n shall_v not_o recede_v from_o it_o that_o hereby_o the_o levity_n of_o some_o innovator_n may_v be_v hinder_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o set_a form_n of_o prayer_n etc._n etc._n baxter_n himself_o in_o his_o def._n of_o the_o cure_n of_o division_n p._n 55._o he_o that_o separate_v from_o all_o church_n among_o we_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o our_o liturgy_n do_v separate_v from_o they_o on_o a_o reason_n common_a to_o all_o or_o almost_o all_o christian_a church_n upon_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o prayer_n before_o sermon_n calvin_n constant_o use_v the_o same_o form_n faith_n beza_n in_o his_o life_n it_o be_v print_v at_o beginning_n of_o his_o sermon_n on_o job_n so_o have_v st._n austin_n after_o sermon_n the_o minister_n of_o france_n geneva_n and_o holland_n use_v a_o set_a form_n before_o sermon_n lavater_n of_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o church_n of_o zurich_n say_v it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o church_n for_o the_o preacher_n to_o contrive_v new_a form_n of_o prayer_n and_o repeat_v they_o in_o the_o public_a assembly_n but_o to_o keep_v the_o usual_a one_o and_o durell_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o minister_n in_o france_n but_o have_v make_v to_o himself_o a_o set_a form_n of_o prayer_n which_o he_o constant_o use_v before_o sermon_n and_o no_o other_o so_o that_o in_o this_o also_o our_o presbyterian_o be_v singular_a that_o they_o affect_v novelty_n and_o extempore_o expression_n and_o variation_n in_o their_o prayer_n before_o sermon_n i_o say_v that_o be_v singular_a and_o different_a from_o the_o pastor_n of_o most_o of_o the_o reform_a church_n in_o the_o world_n i_o know_v it_o be_v object_v against_o our_o liturgy_n that_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mass_n book_n as_o if_o the_o lord_n prayer_n the_o creed_n or_o other_o part_n of_o our_o service_n be_v the_o worse_a for_o be_v find_v there_o also_o but_o yet_o those_o that_o have_v strict_o examine_v this_o find_v the_o objection_n false_a l'estrange_n in_o his_o alliance_n etc._n etc._n p._n 30._o the_o beginning_n of_o our_o morning-prayer_n sentence_n exhortation_n confession_n absolution_n rehearse_v the_o decalogue_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mass_n book_n nor_o any_o popish_a service_n and_o dr._n stillingfleet_n in_o antiq._n br._n ch_n p._n 232._o all_o these_o part_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o excellent_a office_n of_o our_o church_n not_o from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o our_o dissenter_n weak_o imagine_v but_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a church_n in_o the_o use_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n and_o p._n 237._o from_o which_o discovery_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o our_o church_n of_o england_n have_v omit_v none_o of_o those_o office_n wherein_o all_o the_o ancient_a church_n agree_v and_o that_o wherein_o the_o british_a and_o gallicane_n church_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a our_o church_n have_v not_o follow_v the_o roman_a but_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o our_o dissenter_n do_v unreasonable_o charge_v we_o with_o take_v our_o office_n from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o the_o romanist_n have_v ever_o be_v as_o zealous_a in_o oppose_v our_o common-prayer_n as_o the_o presbyterian_o themselves_o mr._n harding_n john_n ould_n and_o other_o papist_n write_v book_n against_o it_o several_a of_o our_o martyr_n be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o queen_n mary_n dayss_n for_o use_v the_o book_n of_o common-prayer_n say_v fox_n in_o act_n &_o mon._n and_o the_o author_n of_o calvino_n turcismus_fw-la p._n 360_o have_v these_o word_n the_o english_a liturgy_n as_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v more_o corrupt_a than_o the_o turkish_a alcoran_n as_o to_o the_o form_n it_o in_o great_a measure_n agree_v with_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o papist_n will_v thus_o abuse_v a_o book_n that_o be_v so_o like_a to_o their_o own_o mass_n as_o the_o presbyterian_o will_v have_v it_o our_o common-prayer_n book_n be_v now_o print_v in_o ten_o several_a language_n which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o liturgy_n in_o the_o world_n and_o so_o great_a be_v the_o esteem_n our_o forefather_n have_v of_o it_o that_o i_o find_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n coppin_n and_o thacker_n be_v both_o punish_v for_o publish_v brown_n book_n against_o the_o common-prayer_n and_o now_o if_o all_o the_o protestant_a church_n in_o the_o world_n have_v their_o set_a liturgy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o very_a improbable_a way_n to_o promote_v the_o peace_n and_o union_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n by_o destroy_v the_o liturgy_n we_o have_v always_o use_v and_o to_o pass_v by_o other_o thing_n most_o of_o the_o reform_a church_n have_v declare_v in_o their_o confession_n of_o faith_n that_o no_o separation_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v for_o different_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n where_o there_o be_v a_o agreement_n in_o doctrine_n see_v praef._n ad_fw-la confess_v helu._n &_o art_n 17._o 27._o conf._n gallican_n art_n 32._o bhoem_n c._n 15._o argent_fw-fr c._n 14._o augustana_n art_n 7._o polon_n p._n 220._o calvin_n instit_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 10._o s_o 27._o be_v so_o far_o from_o condemn_v rite_n and_o ceremony_n that_o he_o will_v have_v they_o in_o every_o church_n be_v fix_v and_o certain_a without_o which_o the_o nerve_n and_o sinew_n of_o a_o church_n will_v quick_o be_v dissolve_v etc._n etc._n o_o ecolampadius_fw-la in_o his_o epistle_n p._n 169_o 177_o 182_o 184._o be_v vehement_a in_o press_v every_o particular_a church_n to_o a_o uniformity_n in_o ceremony_n that_o though_o they_o be_v different_a in_o several_a country_n yet_o all_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o government_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o same_o rite_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o little_a these_o eminent_a reformer_n agree_v with_o our_o new_a modeller_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o convocation_n p._n 9_o if_o any_o of_o the_o laity_n scruple_n the_o cross_n