the Discourse whilst they tamper with objecting The Work is but short and for a little while the affection of Credulity may be fairly exacted in a Learner that he may clearly apprehend the things propos'd When he shall have understood against what he 's to object there will be liberty enough of disputing You see a Walk or Garden may serve well enough for this exercise I have therefore given you a volume which will not load your Pocket I have follow'd that Method which the necessity of consequences drew on not the rules of Logick prescrib'd though yet it be not averse from this If you blame the Obscurity remember Acroases are so to be published that they become not publick that their penetration may be difficult without a Clue yet not unpassable to a resolute pursuance THE TABLE FIRST BOOK Containing that part of LOGICK which is necessary to Sciences LESSON I. OF Propositions as they are the parts of a Syllogism Pag. 1. II. Of a Syllogism and its Conclusion 4. III. Of the Predicaments in common and the three first in particular 8. IV. Of the rest of the Predicaments 13. V. Of the five Predicables and the signification of words 16. VI. Of Definition Division and Disputation 21. SECOND BOOK Containing those things which concern the Nature of BODIES in common LESSON I. OF the composition of bulk or Bignesse Pag. 27. II. Of the Nature of Quantity and Place 32. III. Of Time and locall Motion 39. IV. Of the four First Qualities 47. V. Of the Elements 51. VI. Of Mixtion and the Second Qualities or those which most immediately follow Mixtion 55. VII Of the manner of Mixtion and the Passion of Mixt things 59. VIII Of Impassibility Destruction and the Accidents of Mixt bodies 65. IX Of the Motion of heavy and light bodies and the Conditions of Acting 68. X. Of the Motions of Vndulation Projection Reflection and Refraction 71. XI Of the Electricall and Magneticall Attractions of hot bodies 76. XII Of the generation of Decomposit or compos'd-of-compounded bodies Plants 79. XIII Of the more universall parts of Plants 82. XIV Of the Accidents of Plants 85. XV. Of the generation and augmentation of Animals 88. XVI Of the Motion of the Heart and some consequents of it 92. XVII Of the progressive Motion of Animals 94. XVIII Of the five senses of Animals 98. XIX Of the Objects of the Senses 101. XX. Of Knowledge and Memory 104. XXI Of Sleep and Dreams 106. XXII Of Passions and the expression of them 109. XXIII Of the communicating Affections to others 112. XXIV Of the seeming-Rationall Actions of Animals 115. THIRD BOOK Containing those things which concern the WORLD and its greater Parts LESSON I. OF the limitation Vnity and composition of the World Pag. 118. II. Of the Mortality kinds of those things that are in the world 121. III. Of the parts of the Planetary world and specially those of the Earth 125. IV. Of the Sea and its Accidents 129. V. Of Fountains Rivers and Lakes 132. VI. Of the Aire and those things that are done in it near the Earth 137. VII Of Clouds Rain Snow Hail 140. VIII Of fiery meteors appearing in the Aire 147. IX Of truly fiery meteors hanging in the Aire 152. X. Of the generation and nature of Winds 156. XI Of Earth-quakes their Effects 163. XII Of the Meteors of the other parts of the world and especially of Comets 165. XIII Of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea and its Accidents 168. XIV Of the Motion of the Earth and the Causes of it 174. XV. Of the Oppositions against the Motion of the Earth and of its Effects 177. XVI Of the Motion of the Aire with the Earth and its Effects 180. XVII Of the Causes of the Motion of the Moon and other Stars 183. XVIII Of the Primum Mobile the Duration and Quiddity of the World 187. FOURTH BOOK Containing that part of METAPHYSICK which explicates the Essentiall Notions of BODIES LESSON I. OF the divisibility of Substance into Formall parts Pag. 191. II. Of the formall parts of Substance in particular 195. III. Of the unity and distinction oâ— Bodies in common 199. IV. Of the essentiall Vnity and Distinction of the Elements and Mixt bodies 203. V. Of the Essence of Animals of the Soul 208. VI. Of the Chief Animal and the essentiall Distinction of Bodies 214. VII Of the mutation of the Individuality in the severall kinds of Bodies 219. VIII Of the proper Action of the Chief Animal 225. IX Of the Soul of the Chief Animal or of the MIND 231. X. Of the Proficiency Deficiency of MAN and of his Essence 236. FIFTH BOOK Containing that part of METAPHYSICK which treats of SUBSTANCES ABSTRACTED from Matter of the Operation of Things LESSON I. OF the Soul's Separation from the Body 243. â—I Of the Science of a separated Soul and its Vnity with the Soul 249. III. Of the Eminency of a separated Souls acts above those it exercises in the Body 255. IV. Of the Felicity and Infelicity of separated Souls and their Immutability 259. V. Of the nature of Existence and its unity with the Thing 264. VI. Of the Existence Simplicity and Eternity of GOD. 267. VII Of the perfection Immutability and Science of GOD. 272. VIII Of the Divine Volition and Liberty 277. IX Of the Divine Names how they are improperly spoken of GOD. 283. X. Of the Degrees of impropriety in the Divine Names 288. XI Of the Existence Nature and Science of INTELLIGENCES 293. XII Of the comparison of Intelligences to Souls and Bodies 297. XIII Of the Distinction Subordination and Number of Intelligences 302. XIV Of the Action of GOD Intelligences and Bodies severally 306. XV. Of the cooperation of the Agents to the making of Substances a Rationall Soul and to all other Effects 213. XVI Of the Government of GOD and the Locality of Incorporeall Things 318. XVII Of the Conservation of Creatures and the Durations of things 324. XVIII Of the Manner of Action on the Subjects side 330. APPENDIX CHAP. I. A Philosophicall Discourse concerning the Creation of Heaven and Earth Pag. 341. II. An Explication of GENESIS concerning the same 345. III. A Philosophicall Discourse of the works of the two first Daies 348. IV. An Explication of Genesis concerning the same 351. V. A Philosophicall Discourse of the works of the other four Daies 354. VI. An Explication of Genesi sconcerning the same 358. VII Some Animadversions about the Text of the first Chapter of Genesis 364. VIII A naturall Discourse of the Creation of Man 370. IX An Explication of Genesis concerning the Creation of Man 372. X. An Explication of the same concerning the Creation of Woman 378. XI An Explication of Genesis concerning Paradise 383. XII The History of ADAM'S FALL out of Genesis 387 XIII Of the Punishment of our first Parents out of the same 391. XIV Of the Evils derived to Posterity out of the same 399. XV. Of the
but such materiall impetuosities which because we feel in our selves joyn'd with vertue we therefore believe to be just so too in Animals 5. Lastly their concatenated and orderly-proceeding actions are the effects partly of fore-going actions partly of the disposition of the circumstant bodies as they may find by experience whoever have the leisure to observe a Dunghill Hen The admiration of which actions ought not to stop at the Animals but at their Maker who has fram'd such a concatenation out of which the Effect follows after so many Causes 6. And thus much may suffice about Animals in common MAN three things raise above the Crowd in his Internall Sense That he can order and rummige for and own use the Instruments of Knowledge in his Tongue and Voice That they do not purely expresse his Passion but even his Mind too in his Body That he has Hands an Instrument not fitted to any one determinate operation but destin'd to a kind of universality of Acting But in these three there 's nothing requires a Comment Peripateticall INSTITUTIONS Third Book Containing those things which concern the WORLD and its greater Parts LESSON I. Of the limitation unity and composition of the World 1. THe WORLD we call the Collection of all existent Bodies That this is not infinite 't is evident For if any longitude be infinite that very notion imports that it has infinite parts equall to one another paces suppose or feet and consequently from an assigned point in that line some one foot will be by infinite others distant and so a term assign'd and limits fix'd at both ends to a line which is call'd infinite 2. If you answer some one foot is infinite intermediate ones distant from an assign'd point but that foot cannot be assign'd as some one horse is necessary to ride on yet no determinate one 'T is reply'd indetermination and infinity are qualifications or manners of a thing in potentiâ or possibilitie and so a horse is undetermin'd whilst he is yet but necessary that is in possibility not in act 3. Nor makes it against this that there are infinite objects in the understanding of the Intelligences for admit there were we are not sure they are there actually distinct and not after the manner of one 4. You 'l say Suppose Quantity to exist as great as 't is possible and 't will be infinite 't is no contradiction therefore to suppose it infinite 'T is answer'd that since supposing any Quantity how big soever yet one may alwaies suppose a bigger there is no Quantity so big as may exist whence this is an implicatory proposition that is such as couches contradiction in it self as taking the manner of possibility to be the manner of act 5. Again 't is evident there 's but one World For since there 's no space by which two worlds could be separated one from the other and quantitative bodies joyn'd together even by that very conjunction are one all quantity whatever must of necessity by continuednesse conspire into one bulk 6. Again 't is collected that the World is not compos'd only of minute bodies by nature indivisible for since an extrinsecall denomination is nothing but the intrinsecall natures of the things out of which it rises and if there were only indivisibles in the world all the intrinsecalls would remain the same since the same things alwaies afford the same denomination 't would be impossible any thing should be chang'd 7. And hence it follows that there is still some liquid substance where-ever there 's any locall mutation and therefore in Heaven it self the Sphears cannot be so contiguous that there intervenes not some liquid and divisible substance between them 8. Since therefore a whole after 't is divided is no longer what it was every divisible substance in that very respect is mortall Wherefore every moveable body must needs be either corruptible it self or joyn'd to something that is corruptible LESSON II. Of the Mortality and kinds of those things that are in the World 1. T Is infer'd that all Corporeall nature whereever is corruptible since all participate the same nature of Quantity whose differences being rare and dense and out of their permixtion the Elements and all mixt things being deriv'd the differences of all quantitative things that is bodies must needs be proportion'd to these we see amongst us that is there may be Elements or mixt things differing indeed in temperament but the same and entirely agreeing in the common notions 2. Again since the differences of mixt things Vegetables and Animals both from one another and among themselves are condivided by the opposition of contradiction that is by this not being so much as that as mixt bodies are either vegetable or not vegetable and vegetables are sensible or not sensible c. though we cannot tell whether all our kinds may be found in the other parts of the world yet certain it is that no other kinds can be found which may not be reduc'd to these amongst us 3. 'T is objected Since the Notion of a body is to be moveable bodies to which a simple Motion is naturall must be simple now we find three simple motions in nature upwards downwards and circular the former two of these oppose one another and consequently both they and the bodies whose they are destroy one another and are corruptible circular motion therefore because it has no opposite must be incorruptible and so the Heavens too to which this motion is proper 'T is answer'd since a body is a mover mov'd and to be a Mover is a nobler Notion then to be mov'd the differences of bodies are rather to be deduc'd from that of being Movers then from this that they are moveable 4. Again 't is false that the subjects of simple Motions must be simple bodies for both all mix'd things are carry'd upwards and downwards and two Elements are assign'd to either of these motions and which is most considerable these motions agree to these bodies by accident not out of their naturall disposition 'T is false too that the third viz. circular is a simple Motion for Aristotle himself acknowledges it to be compounded of thrusting and drawing and 't is manifestly carry'd on according to two perpendiculars at once and at least four times reflected and has a great difformity in the proportion of its carriage Whence it appears if we were to judge from the nature of their Motions the Heavens must needs be no simple but a most compounded body 5. 'T is objected again there would have appear'd in so long time some change in the Heavens if they were corruptible 'T is answer'd there 's no necessity of that as 't is not credible that if one were in Heaven he would discern the Changes we suffer But again many things have appear'd as more at large shall be shew'd hereafter Moreover Light is concluded to be the same with Fire and that our very Eyes witnesse to be spread every where over
Peripateticall INSTITUTIONS In the Way of that eminent Person and excellent Philosopher Sr. KENELM DIGBY The THEORICALL PART ALSO A THEOLOGICALL APPENDIX of the BEGINNING of the WORLD BY THOMAS WHITE Gent. LONDON Printed by R. D. and are to be sold by John Williams at the sign of the Crown in S. Paul's Church-yard M.DC.LVI Virg. Georg. 2. Happy who things Causes has attain'd to know And all Fears and inexorable Fate Has trampled under feet The Method of Studying Whoe're profoundly searches after Truth And would not be misled by stragling Paths Let him turn on himself his inmost Eye And bend into a Ring his ranging Thoughts Making his Soul see what she seeks abroad In her own native Treasures stor'd up lies What the black cloud of Errour hid will soon Shine clearer then the Sun it self at noon Boet. de Consol Philosoph lib. 3. Metr 11. The Translatour's ADDRESSE THis happy Analysis of Nature which the infinite kindness of my beft Friend the Authour has encourag'd and enabled some pains of mine own to render plain English to my self I dutifully present to my Country Where so many clear Wits and strong Judgements the perfect Aptitude to such a Philosophy may through the want or disuse of Latine be disabled or by the extream concisenesse of the Stile and incorrectnesse of the Presse discourag'd from strugling for It in the Originall The Subject Nature and her generall course is universall and practically indifferent to all Nations it seems therefore but just her Interpreter Philosophy should speak all languages at least to that fair degree of currentnesse as abstracted Reason it self is every where intelligible Upon this resentment the incomparable Sir Kenelm Digby whose Expression would I could glory so proportionably to have hit as my Master may his Mind began lately to teach it Our Idiom which it so soon and perfectly attain'd as clear evidences His to be the truly Naturall Philosophy What ingenuous Courage once throughly engag'd and under so sure a Champion the same advantagious Way in the same noblest Field could resist the temptation to follow such a Leader and such Successe upon so necessary a Design In short I have dar'd nor I hope altogether unfortunately at least if an Authentick touch of Illustration upon most of the knots and obscurities in the Originall both Matter and Delivery may excuse the tolerating still some few Terms purely out of the stubbornnesse of their Nature unreduc'd and perhaps unreducible These Reader are the Translatour's Apology and Addresse the Authour 's His known Name and the Work it self The Authour's DESIGN IN what darknesse Philosophy lies hudled up and how perplexing Chimaera's reduce it to desperation 't is needlesse to mention They see 't whoever see any thing in it As superfluous therefore 't were to Apologize why I would lend it my slender endeavours Why such as you see I offer them take this Account The main fault seem'd to me to lye at their doores who neither do themselves nor can endure others should expect any certainty from It. Of these I have observ'd two sorts Some there are that avouch as much of Geometry it self some that attribute this not to the defect of Nature but to the difficulty of the Matter and the intricatenesse of Natures folds And I was about to provide a preambulatory disputation to the former when this Dilemma came into my head that They either admit the evidence of a legitimate Syllogism or not if they admit it they cannot contest against Geometry if they admit it not I saw not what farther evidence there was in Nature able to force them They were therefore desertours of humane Nature nor otherwise to be dealt with then as Mad-men Turning then to the later sort I saw ther 's no so smart proceeding as the Geometricall way where when 't is ask'd whether a thing can be demonstrated the Affirmer producing a demonstration presently destroyes the Probleme So I thought I was to proceed by Instances if I meant to perswade any thing Thence sprung this grain of Mustard-seed which to what growth it may hereafter rise 't is not yet evident Why I have stiled them Institutions the shortnesse and concise connection of the work sufficiently discover I call them Peripateticall because throughout they subsist upon Aristotle's Principles though the conclusions sometimes dissent That I declare them written in the way of that eminent Person and excellent Philosopher Sir Kenelm Digby 't is because since in that so justly-to-beenvy'd Book Of the Immortality of the Soul he has dissected the whole composition of Nature from the first Notion of Body to the very joynts and articles of an invisible spirituall Soul and laid it before the eyes of all any other way then that He had traced out I neither would nor could proceed Whatever therefore you meet with upon that Subject is borrow'd thence but so as that I have transferr'd only the naked Bones scarce hanging together by their sinews wholly destitute of those Nerves and Colours with which they are sated there There look for Nature where you shall misse neither Oratour nor Philosopher we only act the part of Abridgers or Summulists The other things which are treated through this whole work ly yet hid in His Cabinet expecting the pains of greater leisure If I have call'd this the Theoricall part I would not thence have you expect another Practicall one for I meant only to declare that I touch't nothing upon the Morall In Logick you have a little yet something unlesse I 'm deceiv'd more then need for few Precepts are to be prescrib'd for Use but a great deal of exercise Out of the rest if I have cut off the intricate and unprofitable petty Questions methinks I have deserved thanks Do you ask What fruits I expect That you should believe there is in Nature and in things beyond Nature a no-lesse connection of Terms force of Consequences then in Mathematicks For this the Order and Brevity and the invincible firmnesse surely of some Consequences will obtain of an unobstinate person This if I shall have attain'd since all Science is lastly resolv'd into the unity of Definitions I hope naturall Science will be rescu'd from desperation I have divided the Books into Lessons and very frequent Breaks both for the greater clearness commodity of Citation as also because conceiving the entrance into these Institutions would be scarcely open to Novices without the help of some more skilfull I have call'd a Lesson so much as may at one fitting be explicated a Break that which at one breath or with one effort of the Mind and Voice to afford betwixt the Breaks a breathing space from speaking To the Auditours Questioning is permitted in that kind as may make them understand the things propos'd Opposition is prohibited till they have once or twice run through the whole Work For whilst they are yet ignorant of what lies hid in the things to follow by forestalling the order they spoil