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book_n common_a prayer_n set_v 2,812 5 5.7163 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A48316 Sunday a Sabbath, or, A preparative discourse for discussion of sabbatary doubts by John Ley ... Ley, John, 1583-1662. 1641 (1641) Wing L1886; ESTC R22059 159,110 245

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8●_n lipsiae_n a_o 1633._o schickardus_n professor_n of_o that_o tongue_n at_o tubinge_v upon_o experience_n have_v aver_v they_o may_v attain_v to_o remarkable_a proficiency_n therein_o before_o they_o can_v be_v furnish_v with_o real_a knowledge_n and_o i_o remember_v one_o wolfgangus_n a_o jew_n a_o teacher_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n in_o my_o time_n in_o oxford_n who_o as_o both_o myself_o and_o other_o who_o be_v his_o scholar_n with_o i_o easy_o observe_v have_v but_o little_a learning_n either_o in_o divinity_n or_o humanity_n and_o so_o little_a acquaintance_n with_o the_o latin_a tongue_n that_o he_o can_v not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n dictate_v two_o line_n in_o that_o language_n with_o congruity_n so_o far_o short_a be_v he_o of_o a_o facility_n for_o elegant_a speech_n and_o yet_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o read_v his_o lecture_n to_o we_o in_o latin_a and_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o some_o by_o such_o as_o i_o may_v well_o believe_v who_o be_v mere_a alien_n in_o 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beyond_o the_o jewish_a tale_n of_o day_n come_v next_o after_o their_o seven_o that_o make_v the_o eight_o to_o this_o purpose_n we_o may_v produce_v saint_n augustine_n 242._o augustine_n observa_fw-la diem_fw-la sabbati_fw-la non_fw-la carnaliter_fw-la non_fw-la judaicl_n deliciis_fw-la quae_fw-la otio_fw-la abutuntur_fw-la ad_fw-la nequitiam_fw-la august_n enar_fw-mi in_o psal_n 32._o tom_n 8._o part_n pag._n 242._o in_o his_o enarration_n upon_o the_o 32._o psalm_n where_o he_o exhort_v to_o observe_v the_o sabbath_n day_n not_o carnal_o with_o judaical_a delight_n for_o they_o abuse_v their_o rest_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 30._o his_o observa_fw-la diem_fw-la sabbati_fw-la magis_fw-la nobis_fw-la praecipitur_fw-la quia_fw-la spiritualiter_fw-la observandum_fw-la praecipitur_fw-la judaei_n enim_fw-la serviliter_fw-la observant_a diem_fw-la sabbati_fw-la ad_fw-la luxuriam_fw-la &_o ebrietatem_fw-la august_n tract_n 3._o in_o johan_n 1._o tom_n 9_o pag._n 30._o four_o tract_n upon_o s._n john_n we_o christian_n say_v he_o be_v more_o strict_o command_v to_o keep_v the_o sabbath_n than_o the_o jew_n for_o we_o be_v to_o keep_v it_o spiritual_o they_o keep_v it_o carnal_o in_o luxury_n and_o drunkenness_n which_o in_o the_o ready_a construction_n of_o the_o word_n must_v run_v thus_o we_o christian_n be_v more_o strict_o command_v to_o keep_v not_o the_o saturday_n sabbath_n from_o which_o we_o be_v discharge_v col._n 2.16_o but_o our_o christian_a sabbath_n than_o the_o jew_n keep_v their_o jewish_a sabbath_n if_o then_o we_o be_v command_v to_o keep_v a_o sabbath_n we_o must_v have_v the_o thing_n and_o the_o thing_n may_v have_v the_o name_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o that_o name_n proper_o be_v sabbath_n there_o be_v another_o allegation_n for_o the_o name_n sabbath_n take_v out_o of_o the_o 251._o sermon_n de_fw-fr tempore_fw-la in_o augustine_n his_o name_n which_o i_o forbear_v to_o urge_v as_o he_o because_o the_o 107._o the_o b._n
efficacy_n to_o edification_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o most_o account_n with_o we_o we_o may_v say_v first_o that_o the_o name_n sabbath_n and_o lord_n day_n at_o first_o apprehension_n be_v more_o ready_a and_o effectual_a to_o mind_v we_o of_o and_o dispose_v we_o to_o pious_a conceit_n than_o the_o name_n sunday_n be_v which_o at_o first_o blench_v according_a to_o the_o literal_a sense_n and_o primitive_a use_n have_v a_o idolatrous_a intimation_n for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v with_o reference_n to_o and_o reverence_n of_o the_o planet_n sol_fw-mi which_o be_v make_v a_o idol_n by_o the_o saxon_n our_o predecessor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n though_o the_o word_n be_v capable_a of_o a_o better_a sense_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v upon_o malach._n 4.2_o and_o have_v be_v a_o good_a while_n since_o purge_v from_o the_o smack_n and_o suspicion_n of_o idolatry_n or_o superstition_n wherewith_o it_o have_v be_v taint_v in_o former_a time_n second_o that_o though_o the_o title_n lord_n day_n design_n some_o day_n of_o eminent_a note_n and_o by_o consent_n of_o most_o be_v take_v for_o the_o day_n on_o which_o christ_n rise_v from_o the_o dead_a and_o though_o it_o may_v also_o import_v with_o a_o little_a work_n of_o the_o understanding_n upon_o it_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o time_n and_o person_n with_o other_o religious_a document_n which_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o edification_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o the_o name_n sabbath_n edifi_v much_o more_o as_o to_o the_o solemn_a service_n of_o religion_n which_o ought_v to_o prevail_v in_o this_o comparison_n for_o it_o signify_v rest_n or_o cessation_n from_o secular_a labour_n without_o which_o no_o day_n can_v be_v holy_o and_o solemn_o observe_v and_o that_o by_o a_o easy_a transition_n from_o the_o letter_n to_o a_o figure_n may_v admonish_v we_o of_o our_o saviour_n rest_v in_o the_o grave_a all_o the_o sabbath_n day_n which_o he_o punctual_o observe_v while_o it_o be_v in_o force_n and_o of_o his_o rest_v from_o all_o further_a pain_n or_o suffer_v for_o our_o redemption_n upon_o his_o resurrection_n and_o of_o god_n rest_v satisfy_v with_o we_o he_o have_v then_o full_o discharge_v all_o our_o debt_n and_o quit_v himself_o from_o prison_n as_o by_o a_o most_o complete_a satisfaction_n to_o his_o father_n justice_n and_o last_o of_o all_o of_o that_o everlasting_a rest_n hebr._n 4.9_o which_o in_o the_o literal_a sabbath_n be_v partly_o prefigure_v beside_o the_o name_n sabbath_n guide_v we_o to_o the_o four_o commandment_n of_o the_o decalogue_n where_o the_o proportion_n of_o time_n for_o the_o weekly_a recourse_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v and_o the_o personal_a extent_n of_o the_o commandment_n to_o superior_n and_o inferior_n home-born_a or_o alien_n together_o with_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o day_n both_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a and_o the_o reason_n both_o of_o the_o institution_n and_o observation_n of_o they_o and_o those_o both_o many_o and_o weighty_a and_o so_o it_o uphold_v our_o solemn_a and_o sacred_a assembly_n once_o a_o week_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v of_o more_o moment_n to_o edisication_n and_o all_o this_o it_o do_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o no_o cavil_v of_o man_n can_v either_o weaken_v or_o darken_v its_o tenure_n from_o that_o text_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o reasonable_a man_n nor_o can_v any_o one_o who_o consider_v that_o hold_v himself_o so_o little_o oblige_v to_o a_o holy_a celebration_n of_o one_o day_n in_o the_o week_n as_o if_o no_o more_o shall_v be_v plead_v for_o it_o then_o what_o be_v either_o formal_o or_o virtual_o contain_v in_o the_o title_n lord_n day_n or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o holy_a scripture_n beside_o the_o four_o commandment_n whereto_o it_o direct_v we_o three_o the_o name_n sabbath_n keep_v title_n to_o that_o ground_n which_o while_o it_o be_v make_v good_a for_o the_o proportion_n of_o one_o day_n in_o seven_o and_o not_o for_o saturday_n sabbath_n in_o particular_a as_o it_o easy_o may_v be_v the_o best_a mean_n to_o maintain_v the_o authority_n of_o our_o weekly_a holiday_n against_o any_o adversary_n whatsoever_o to_o wind_v up_o those_o comparison_n to_o a_o conclusion_n though_o every_o one_o of_o the_o word_n may_v lawful_o be_v use_v as_o before_o have_v be_v say_v i_o conceive_v and_o hope_v in_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o premise_n i_o may_v resolve_v that_o for_o our_o church_n and_o time_n the_o name_n sabbath_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v familiar_o use_v for_o the_o day_n we_o keep_v holy_a every_o week_n since_o for_o antiquity_n authority_n propriety_n significancie_n facility_n frequency_n of_o use_n among_o the_o religious_a of_o late_a time_n and_o which_o be_v most_o to_o be_v heed_v for_o efficacy_n to_o edification_n it_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o the_o other_o two_o name_n compare_v with_o it_o to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v and_o it_o be_v a_o consideration_n of_o some_o moment_n that_o those_o that_o have_v most_o ill_a will_n to_o our_o christian_a holiday_n as_o 54._o as_o mast_n brab_n in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 54._o master_n braburne_n have_v will_v rob_v it_o of_o its_o right_n to_o the_o name_n sabbath_n and_o therewith_o of_o its_o right_n for_o this_o authentic_a tenure_n by_o the_o four_o commandment_n which_o it_o can_v claim_v under_o the_o name_n sunday_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v allow_v under_o the_o name_n lord_n day_n for_o i_o marvel_v with_o what_o face_n say_v 56._o say_v ibid._n p._n 55_o 56._o he_o man_n can_v press_v the_o four_o commandment_n upon_o that_o day_n which_o themselves_o confess_v be_v name_v lord_n day_n and_o not_o sabbath_n day_n and_o if_o he_o can_v have_v supplant_v it_o for_o that_o support_n he_o will_v have_v have_v it_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o mere_a power_n of_o man_n so_o as_o to_o stand_v or_o fall_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o rather_o to_o fall_v then_o to_o stand_v for_o that_o be_v his_o drift_n in_o both_o his_o book_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o have_v say_v so_o much_o as_o require_v a_o far_a and_o full_a answer_n then_o have_v be_v make_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n who_o profess_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o our_o christian_a sabbath_n against_o his_o judaize_v argument_n deal_v but_o with_o one_o of_o his_o book_n and_o for_o the_o other_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v not_o see_v it_o for_o he_o never_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o it_o object_n against_o this_o prelation_n of_o the_o name_n sabbath_n it_o may_v be_v say_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n that_o the_o name_n sabbath_n be_v less_o proper_a than_o the_o name_n lord_n day_n or_o sunday_n for_o it_o be_v a_o name_n for_o any_o day_n of_o rest_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o acknowledge_v on_o all_o hand_n answ_n it_o be_v true_a the_o name_n sabbath_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o more_o day_n than_o the_o weekly_a holiday_n whereof_o we_o treat_v if_o there_o be_v a_o cessation_n from_o labour_n upon_o they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n for_o the_o jew_n have_v many_o holiday_n which_o be_v name_v sometime_o sabbath_n and_o yet_o the_o weekly_a sabbath_n by_o a_o excellency_n have_v that_o denomination_n belong_v unto_o it_o which_o other_o holiday_n have_v not_o if_o a_o papist_n object_v this_o i_o will_v give_v for_o instance_n the_o word_n pope_n which_o ancient_o be_v a_o general_a title_n for_o all_o bishop_n as_o i_o have_v nomenclature_n have_v in_o my_o christian_a nomenclature_n observe_v and_o prove_v at_o large_a in_o another_o work_n but_o now_o use_n have_v confine_v it_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n if_o a_o protestant_n the_o word_n bible_n may_v serve_v to_o answer_v he_o which_o as_o the_o learned_a know_v signify_v in_o the_o greek_a tongue_n a_o book_n in_o general_a and_o have_v be_v in_o use_n with_o that_o latitude_n of_o extent_n yet_o by_o a_o antinomasie_n or_o excellency_n and_o we_o may_v say_v the_o same_o of_o the_o word_n scripture_n it_o be_v now_o take_v only_o for_o the_o book_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v though_o a_o common_a word_n of_o old_a now_o become_v so_o proper_a as_o that_o we_o know_v what_o one_o mean_v when_o he_o say_v a_o bible_n as_o well_o as_o if_o he_o say_v god_n book_n so_o we_o may_v know_v as_o most_o man_n use_v the_o word_n sabbath_n as_o well_o what_o day_n be_v mean_v by_o it_o as_o if_o we_o say_v the_o lord_n day_n or_o sunday_n beside_o the_o lord_n day_n be_v in_o its_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o as_o large_a extent_n as_o the_o sabbath_n both_o because_o the_o apostle_n say_v there_o be_v lord_n many_o 1_o cor._n 8.5_o as_o we_o note_v even_o now_o and_o for_o that_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o all_o day_n dedicate_v to_o public_a devotion_n whereby_o god_n our_o great_a lord_n
christian_a church_n first_o give_v the_o lord_n day_n a_o real_a preeminence_n above_o the_o old_a sabbath_n say_v 89.90_o say_v m._n j._n walker_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sabbath_n p._n 89.90_o that_o the_o old_a sabbath_n have_v no_o other_o light_n nor_o life_n in_o it_o but_o only_o from_o obscure_a promise_n and_o dark_a shadow_n through_o which_o christ_n be_v see_v as_o thing_n afar_o off_o be_v see_v and_o in_o the_o starlight_n night_n but_o the_o lord_n day_n the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n have_v light_a and_o life_n from_o the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n who_o in_o it_o rise_v up_o to_o be_v the_o light_n of_o life_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o after_o that_o he_o give_v it_o a_o nominal_a pre-eminence_n under_o the_o title_n lord_n day_n 91._o day_n ib._n p._n 90_o 91._o god_n say_v he_o have_v give_v it_o a_o most_o honourable_a name_n and_o title_n above_o all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o week_n for_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n and_o divine_a apostle_n saint_n john_n who_o be_v the_o intimate_a belove_a and_o bosom_n disciple_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o do_v best_o know_v his_o mind_n call_v it_o the_o lord_n day_n revel_v 1.10_o and_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lord_n be_v the_o same_o in_o signification_n with_o god_n proper_a name_n jehovah_n and_o most_o common_o be_v use_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n to_o express_v that_o sacred_a name_n and_o if_o that_o day_n and_o name_n both_o be_v more_o excellent_a than_o that_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n the_o denomination_n shall_v be_v take_v according_a to_o it_o and_o so_o we_o shall_v call_v it_o rather_o lord_n day_n then_o sabbath_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o howsoever_o the_o new_a sabbath_n be_v in_o many_o respect_n more_o excellent_a than_o the_o old_a yet_o the_o name_n sabbath_n may_v be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o they_o both_o second_o that_o if_o name_v lord_n day_n be_v a_o more_o excellent_a name_n then_o the_o name_n sabbath_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v it_o shall_v be_v more_o usual_a &_o ordinary_a for_o there_o be_v many_o other_o intimatious_a of_o moment_n for_o the_o use_n of_o a_o name_n as_o before_o we_o have_v note_v and_o for_o instance_n though_o the_o name_n son_n of_o god_n be_v a_o more_o excellent_a name_n then_o son_n of_o man_n yet_o our_o saviour_n who_o best_o know_v how_o to_o speak_v for_o he_o speak_v as_o no_o man_n ever_o do_v john_n 7.46_o call_v himself_o often_o son_n of_o man_n than_o son_n of_o god_n three_o the_o name_n sabbath_n do_v import_v more_o clear_o and_o assure_o a_o weekly_a holiday_n as_o we_o observe_v it_o than_o the_o name_n lord_n day_n do_v for_o that_o be_v questionable_a as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o day_n of_o our_o saviour_n resurrection_n or_o no_o and_o if_o that_o be_v resolve_v on_o then_o whether_o it_o note_v that_o individual_a day_n only_o on_o which_o he_o arise_v or_o other_o day_n also_o that_o succeed_v it_o and_o if_o other_o whether_o only_o a_o anniversary_n day_n as_o easter_n or_o a_o weekly_a day_n as_o the_o sabbath_n be_v and_o have_v be_v since_o it_o be_v first_o ordain_v but_o the_o word_n sabbath_n without_o all_o question_n signify_v a_o day_n of_o rest_n among_o six_o day_n of_o labour_n and_o so_o one_o set_v day_n within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o week_n four_o the_o name_n sabbath_n be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o four_o commandment_n which_o be_v the_o best_a warrant_n for_o a_o weekly_a holiday_n and_o which_o prescribe_v our_o duty_n both_o for_o what_o we_o must_v forbear_v and_o what_o perform_v and_o press_v it_o by_o many_o effectual_a reason_n there_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o use_v than_o any_o other_o which_o in_o such_o material_a consideration_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o it_o five_o the_o name_n sabbath_n guide_v we_o to_o the_o four_o commandment_n will_v bring_v we_o ready_o to_o the_o title_n lord_n day_n as_o before_o have_v be_v observe_v but_o the_o name_n lord_n day_n in_o that_o text_n where_o it_o be_v note_v viz._n revel_v 1.10_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a text_n for_o that_o title_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n give_v none_o intimation_n of_o a_o sabbath_n neither_o in_o deed_n nor_o in_o name_n therefore_o the_o name_n sabbath_n as_o more_o significant_a and_o monitory_a be_v fit_a for_o instruction_n and_o use_n than_o the_o name_n lord_n day_n be_v six_o for_o such_o reason_n as_o these_o or_o some_o other_o of_o like_a importance_n the_o forecited_n author_n use_v the_o name_n sabbath_n more_o frequent_o throughout_o his_o whole_a book_n than_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o and_o set_v it_o as_o the_o title_n in_o the_o high_a place_n of_o every_o page_n though_o no_o man_n express_v a_o dear_a affection_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o lord_n day_n than_o he_o do_v last_o he_o so_o far_o approve_v of_o the_o name_n sabbath_n for_o our_o weekly_a holiday_n that_o he_o set_v upon_o they_o who_o say_v the_o lord_n day_n be_v not_o call_v sabbath_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n next_o to_o the_o apostle_n nor_o since_o by_o any_o but_o only_o jewish_a sabbatharian_n with_o some_o sharp_a term_n call_v they_o 1641._o they_o m._n walker_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sabb._n ch_n 16._o p._n 113._o but_o pag._n 112_o of_o the_o impression_n at_o london_n 1641._o adversary_n of_o a_o bold_a and_o impudent_a face_n who_o make_v that_o objection_n thus_o far_o the_o exception_n against_o the_o name_n sabbath_n both_o simple_a and_o comparative_a with_o other_o title_n though_o i_o have_v set_v my_o wit_n on_o work_n on_o the_o antisabbatarian_n side_n both_o to_o multiply_v &_o fortify_v objection_n against_o that_o name_n as_o apply_v to_o the_o day_n of_o our_o christian_a devotion_n i_o can_v find_v nothing_o more_o which_o be_v of_o any_o weight_n or_o worth_n to_o be_v object_v or_o answer_v concern_v the_o comparison_n of_o the_o name_n of_o sabbath_n sunday_n and_o lord_n day_n and_o the_o resolution_n for_o the_o name_n sabbath_n of_o which_o we_o may_v now_o i_o hope_v without_o all_o appearance_n of_o partiality_n or_o presumption_n conclude_v that_o the_o name_n sabbath_n be_v of_o best_a use_n to_o support_v the_o true_a doctrine_n of_o our_o christian_a holiday_n both_o for_o the_o time_n and_o tenure_n of_o it_o for_o discovery_n of_o duty_n require_v on_o it_o and_o for_o incitement_n to_o the_o conscionable_a practice_n of_o they_o according_o and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o the_o contrary_a determination_n of_o 164._o of_o better_o by_o far_o and_o far_o less_o danger_n to_o be_v fear_v in_o call_v it_o the_o sunday_n as_o the_o gentile_n do_v and_o as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v do_v before_o we_o then_o call_v it_o the_o sabbath_n as_o too_o many_o do_v and_o on_o less_o authority_n nay_o contrary_a indeed_o to_o all_o antiquity_n and_o scripture_n doct._n heyl._n hist_o sab._n part_n 2._o c._n 2._o p._n 163_o 164._o doctor_n heylin_n to_o be_v most_o use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o weekly_a holiday_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n yet_o without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o one_o to_o call_v it_o lord_n day_n or_o sunday_n as_o just_a occasion_n shall_v incline_v they_o or_o religious_a discretion_n induce_v they_o to_o term_v it_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o brief_a accommodation_n of_o this_o nomenclature_n or_o nominal_a discourse_n to_o some_o purpose_n of_o importance_n concern_v the_o sabbath_n he_o that_o do_v read_v thus_o far_o will_v not_o i_o hope_v conceive_v i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v a_o apology_n for_o this_o discourse_n as_o if_o it_o be_v some_o idle_a logomachy_n or_o word_n war_n which_o the_o apostle_n forbid_v 1_o tim._n 6.4_o for_o first_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o stint_v the_o strife_n of_o word_n 29.21_o esay_n 29.21_o which_o some_o have_v already_o raise_v up_o make_v a_o man_n a_o offender_n for_o a_o word_n which_o afford_v not_o a_o syllable_n of_o just_a exception_n or_o offence_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a in_o after_o time_n since_o by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v our_o lawful_a liberty_n be_v full_o declare_v and_o firm_o assure_v so_o that_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n or_o danger_n of_o sin_n call_v the_o time_n or_o day_n we_o celebrate_v lord_n day_n sabbath_n day_n or_o both_o as_o the_o holy_a place_n of_o god_n public_a service_n be_v call_v the_o lord_n house_n and_o the_o temple_n and_o for_o the_o name_n sunday_n we_o have_v show_v the_o lawful_a use_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o bring_v in_o like_o the_o sun_n with_o a_o burn_a glass_n as_o doctor_n pocklington_n do_v to_o scorch_v the_o name_n sabbath_n or_o to_o cast_v a_o shadow_n upon_o it_o to_o conceal_v or_o obscure_v