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book_n common_a prayer_n prescribe_v 2,797 5 9.8241 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A61540 A discourse concerning the idolatry practised in the Church of Rome and the danger of salvation in the communion of it in an answer to some papers of a revolted Protestant : wherein a particular account is given of the fanaticism and divisions of that church / by Edward Stilingfleet. Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699. 1671 (1671) Wing S5577; ESTC R28180 300,770 620

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martyr_n with_o that_o worship_n of_o love_n and_o society_n with_o which_o even_o in_o this_o life_n also_o holy_a man_n of_o god_n be_v worship_v who_o heart_n we_o judge_v prepare_v to_o suffer_v the_o like_a martyrdom_n for_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n but_o we_o worship_v they_o so_o much_o the_o more_o devout_o because_o more_o secure_o after_o they_o have_v overcome_v all_o the_o incertainty_n of_o this_o world_n as_o also_o we_o praise_v they_o more_o confident_o now_o reign_v conqueror_n in_o a_o more_o happy_a life_n than_o whilst_o they_o be_v sight_v in_o this_o but_o with_o that_o worship_n which_o in_o greek_a be_v call_v latria_n and_o can_v be_v express_v by_o one_o word_n in_o latin_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a service_n proper_o due_a to_o the_o divinity_n we_o neither_o worship_v they_o nor_o teach_v they_o to_o be_v worship_v but_o god_n alone_o now_o whereas_o the_o offering_n of_o sacrifice_n belong_v to_o this_o worship_n of_o latria_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v idolater_n who_o give_v it_o also_o to_o idol_n by_o no_o mean_n do_v we_o suffer_v any_o such_o thing_n or_o command_v it_o to_o be_v offer_v to_o any_o martyr_n or_o any_o holy_a soul_n or_o any_o angel_n and_o whosoever_o decline_v into_o this_o error_n we_o reprove_v he_o by_o sound_a doctrine_n either_o that_o he_o may_v be_v correct_v or_o avoid_v and_o a_o little_a after_o it_o be_v a_o much_o less_o sin_n for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v deride_v by_o the_o martyr_n for_o drunkenness_n than_o ever_o fast_v to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o they_o i_o say_v to_o sacrifice_v to_o martyr_n i_o say_v not_o to_o sacrifice_v to_o god_n in_o the_o memory_n or_o church_n of_o the_o martyr_n which_o we_o do_v most_o frequent_o by_o that_o rite_n alone_o by_o which_o in_o the_o manifestation_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n he_o have_v command_v sacrifice_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o he_o which_o belong_v to_o that_o worship_n which_o be_v call_v latria_n and_o be_v 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be_v not_o to_o think_v afterward_o that_o only_o the_o preach_a friar_n sell_v into_o these_o extravagancy_n for_o the_o franciscan_n have_v a_o great_a hand_n in_o they_o too_o and_o be_v as_o forward_o to_o promote_v that_o which_o they_o account_v their_o common_a interest_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o pope_n condemn_v the_o book_n say_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o abbot_n joachims_n write_n joh._n yet_o his_o doctrine_n do_v in_o no_o long_a time_n after_o break_v forth_o again_o in_o the_o franciscan_a order_n for_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o same_o century_n or_o as_o most_o think_v 1._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o in_o the_o time_n of_o clement_n the_o five_o appear_v one_o petrus_n johannis_n de_fw-fr oliva_n a_o great_a disciple_n of_o joachims_n as_o guido_n carmelita_n alphonsus_n a_o castro_n and_o franciscus_n pegna_n affirm_v all_o the_o difference_n say_v alphonsus_n 9_o between_o they_o be_v that_o joachim_n make_v the_o spiritual_a state_n 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lesson_n on_o s._n francis_n day_n in_o the_o roman_a breviary_n 6._o and_o bonaventure_n assure_v we_o and_o who_o dare_v question_v the_o infallibility_n of_o the_o pope_n eyesight_n unless_o the_o story_n in_o latter_a time_n of_o maria_n visitationis_fw-la 9_o as_o she_o be_v call_v abbess_n of_o the_o annunciation_n in_o lisbon_n may_v give_v some_o suspicion_n of_o it_o for_o this_o virgin_n have_v gain_v so_o great_a a_o reputation_n for_o sanctity_n not_o only_o in_o portugal_n but_o in_o spain_n italy_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n that_o she_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o fit_a match_n for_o s._n francis_n and_o she_o outdo_v he_o in_o the_o number_n of_o her_o wound_n for_o she_o have_v thirty_o two_o upon_o her_o head_n cause_v by_o christ_n put_n his_o crown_n of_o thorn_n upon_o she_o and_o in_o her_o hand_n and_o ●eet_a and_o side_n they_o be_v as_o exact_v as_o in_o st._n francis_n she_o make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o show_v they_o if_o her_o confessor_n bid_v she_o but_o never_o 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by_o our_o church_n art_n 25._o he_o say_v they_o be_v not_o absolute_o reject_v as_o sacrament_n but_o as_o sacrament_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o baptism_n and_o the_o lord_n supper_n which_o they_o yield_v to_o for_o transubstantiation_n which_o be_v utter_o deny_v by_o our_o church_n art_n 28._o he_o very_o subtle_o interpret_v it_o of_o a_o carnal_a presence_n of_o christ_n body_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o be_v repugnant_a to_o scripture_n and_o to_o destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o sacrament_n but_o they_o do_v believe_v christ_n body_n to_o be_v present_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o spirit_n and_o so_o our_o church_n do_v not_o condemn_v they_o as_o to_o communion_n in_o both_o kind_n assert_v by_o our_o church_n art_n 30._o he_o say_v it_o be_v not_o condemn_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n therein_o which_o only_a anathematize_n those_o who_o make_v it_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n which_o our_o church_n mention_n not_o and_o however_o we_o condemn_v communion_n in_o one_o kind_n canus_n prove_v he_o not_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o heresy_n who_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o church_n have_v err_v therein_o the_o 31_o article_n condemn_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n i.e._n say_v he_o independent_o on_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o cross_n which_o be_v propitiatory_a of_o itself_o and_o the_o other_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o it_o the_o 32._o of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o priest_n marriage_n he_o understand_v of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o be_v the_o most_o common_a opinion_n among_o they_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a the_o 34._o about_o tradition_n he_o interpret_v of_o those_o which_o be_v not_o doctrinal_a the_o book_n of_o homily_n approve_v art_n 35._o he_o understand_v as_o they_o do_v book_n approve_v by_o their_o church_n not_o of_o every_o sentence_n contain_v therein_o but_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n and_o he_o grant_v there_o be_v many_o good_a thing_n contain_v therein_o for_o the_o 36._o of_o consecration_n of_o bishop_n and_o minister_n he_o prove_v from_o vasquez_n conink_v arcudius_n and_o innocent_a 4._o that_o our_o church_n have_v all_o the_o essential_o of_o ordination_n require_v in_o scripture_n and_o if_o the_o difference_n of_o form_n of_o word_n do_v null_a our_o ordination_n it_o will_v do_v those_o of_o the_o greek_a church_n too_o the_o last_o article_n he_o examine_v be_v art_n 37._o of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n power_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o pope_n authority_n and_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n may_v be_v allow_v a_o supermacy_n i.e._n such_o as_o may_v not_o be_v take_v away_o by_o any_o one_o as_o his_o superior_a and_o that_o by_o custom_n a_o sufficient_a right_n accrue_v to_o he_o over_o all_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o that_o by_o divine_a and_o natural_a right_n he_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n so_o far_o as_o the_o public_a good_a be_v concern_v and_o withal_o he_o grant_v that_o we_o yield_v no_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n to_o the_o king_n and_o no_o more_o than_o be_v contend_v for_o by_o the_o french_a and_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n that_o part_n which_o deny_v the_o pope_n jurisdiction_n in_o england_n he_o say_v may_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o pope_n challenge_v england_n to_o be_v a_o fee_n of_o the_o roman_a see_v but_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o understand_v he_o make_v use_v of_o many_o scholastic_a distinction_n of_o actus_fw-la signatus_fw-la &_o exercitus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o sense_n of_o which_o be_v that_o it_o be_v in_o some_o case_n lawful_a for_o a_o temporal_a prince_n to_o withdraw_v his_o obedience_n from_o the_o pope_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v discuss_v whether_o he_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o do_v it_o but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o heresy_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o remain_v then_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n put_v upon_o our_o article_n by_o he_o with_o the_o help_n of_o his_o 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that_o make_v for_o several_a age_n as_o great_a disturbance_n in_o the_o church_n as_o be_v ever_o know_v in_o it_o upon_o any_o quarrel_n of_o religion_n be_v the_o controversy_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o monk_n confine_v to_o their_o school_n about_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n in_o former_a time_n or_o in_o the_o renew_n of_o this_o hierarchical_a war_n as_o one_o of_o the_o jansenist_n call_v it_o in_o france_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v at_o large_a discover_v already_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o seem_v more_o like_o a_o dispute_n of_o the_o school_n between_o the_o several_a order_n among_o they_o about_o the_o immaculate_a conception_n and_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o wherever_o that_o dispute_n begin_v it_o do_v not_o rest_n in_o the_o school_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o tumult_n and_o disturbance_n which_o have_v be_v make_v only_o on_o the_o account_n of_o it_o this_o controversy_n begin_v in_o the_o school_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o 14_o century_n when_o scotus_n set_v up_o for_o a_o new_a sect_n in_o opposition_n to_o thomas_n aquinas_n and_o among_o other_o point_n of_o controversy_n he_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o to_o distinguish_v his_o follower_n by_o but_o propose_v it_o himself_o very_o timerous_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o resolution_n of_o it_o in_o his_o book_n on_o the_o sentence_n 10._o however_o his_o follower_n boast_v that_o in_o this_o bless_a quarrel_n he_o be_v send_v for_o from_o oxford_n to_o paris_n scoti_n from_o paris_z to_o cologne_n to_o overthrow_v all_o adversary_n and_o that_o he_o do_v great_a wonder_n every_o where_o but_o however_o this_o be_v there_o be_v some_o not_o long_o after_o he_o who_o bold_o assert_v what_o he_o doubtful_o propose_v of_o who_o franciscus_n mayronis_n be_v account_v the_o first_o after_o he_o petrus_n aureolus_n occam_n and_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o franciscan_n but_o the_o great_a strength_n of_o this_o opinion_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o wit_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o defender_n of_o it_o nor_o in_o any_o argument_n from_o scripture_n or_o antiquity_n but_o in_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o piety_n of_o it_o i._n e._n that_o it_o tend_v to_o advance_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o b._n virgin_n for_o after_o the_o worship_n of_o she_o come_v to_o be_v so_o public_a and_o solemn_a in_o their_o church_n i_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o wonder_n that_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o believe_v she_o to_o be_v without_o sin_n i_o much_o rather_o admire_v they_o do_v not_o believe_v all_o their_o canonize_v saint_n to_o have_v be_v so_o too_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o same_o reason_n will_v hold_v for_o they_o all_o but_o this_o opinion_n by_o degree_n obtain_v among_o the_o people_n it_o grow_v scandalous_a for_o any_o man_n to_o oppose_v it_o so_o walsingham_n say_v towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o century_n 1389._o the_o dominican_n preach_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n against_o the_o command_n first_o of_o the_o bishop_n in_o france_n and_o then_o of_o the_o king_n and_o noble_n they_o be_v outlawed_a by_o the_o king_n and_o absolute_o forbid_v to_o go_v out_o of_o their_o own_o convent_v for_o fear_n of_o seduce_v the_o people_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o to_o receive_v any_o one_o more_o into_o their_o order_n 618._o that_o so_o the_o whole_a order_n may_v in_o a_o little_a time_n be_v extinguish_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o persecution_n arise_v from_o a_o disturbance_n which_o happen_v in_o paris_n upon_o this_o controversy_n one_o joh._n de_fw-fr montesono_fw-it public_o read_v against_o the_o immaculate_a conception_n at_o which_o so_o great_a offence_n be_v take_v that_o he_o be_v convent_v before_o the_o faculty_n of_o sorbonne_n but_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o but_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o order_n
treasure_n too_o be_v not_o this_o worse_a than_o to_o light_v a_o candle_n to_o help_v the_o sun_n to_o suppose_v christ_n satisfaction_n so_o infinite_a as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o redeem_v more_o world_n and_o yet_o not_o enough_o to_o deliver_v from_o temporal_a punishment_n without_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o saint_n 11._o how_o come_v the_o saint_n to_o make_v such_o large_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n if_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o christ_n be_v of_o so_o infinite_a a_o nature_n and_o if_o they_o do_v make_v satisfaction_n be_v they_o not_o sufficient_o reward_v for_o they_o if_o they_o be_v how_o come_v those_o satisfaction_n to_o help_v other_o which_o they_o be_v so_o abundant_o recompense_v for_o themselves_o 12._o if_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o christ_n do_v only_o obtain_v grace_n for_o the_o saint_n to_o satisfy_v themselves_o for_o the_o temporal_a punishment_n of_o their_o sin_n how_o can_v the_o application_n of_o this_o satisfaction_n by_o indulgence_n free_a any_o from_o the_o temporal_a punishment_n of_o their_o sin_n or_o have_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o saint_n be_v join_v with_o christ_n great_a power_n now_o in_o common_a penitent_n than_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o christ_n alone_o in_o the_o great_a saint_n 13._o why_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o christ_n may_v not_o serve_v without_o the_o saint_n to_o remit_v only_o the_o temporal_a punishment_n of_o sin_n when_o it_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o to_o remit_v both_o eternal_a and_o temporal_a in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n or_o be_v the_o force_n of_o it_o spend_v then_o that_o it_o need_v a_o fresh_a supply_n afterward_o but_o if_o than_o it_o can_v be_v apply_v to_o a_o high_a end_n without_o any_o other_o help_n why_o not_o where_o it_o be_v to_o have_v far_o less_o efficacy_n 14._o if_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v to_o god_n for_o the_o temporal_a punishment_n of_o penitent_n by_o indulgence_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v when_o and_o by_o who_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v to_o god_n if_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o person_n who_o satisfaction_n make_v the_o church_n treasure_n for_o that_o end_n what_o have_v the_o pope_n to_o do_v to_o dispense_v that_o which_o god_n have_v accept_v long_o ago_o for_o payment_n if_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o pope_n in_o what_o way_n do_v he_o make_v it_o do_v he_o take_v out_o so_o much_o ready_a cash_n of_o the_o church_n treasure_n and_o pay_v it_o down_o upon_o the_o nail_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o every_o one_o sin_n or_o do_v he_o only_o tell_v god_n where_o such_o a_o treasure_n lie_v and_o bid_v he_o go_v and_o satisfy_v himself_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o discharge_v of_o his_o debt_n 15._o how_o come_v this_o treasure_n of_o the_o church_n into_o the_o pope_n keep_v who_o give_v he_o alone_o the_o key_n of_o it_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n methinks_v those_o who_o be_v trust_v with_o the_o great_a treasure_n of_o christ_n necessary_a satisfaction_n for_o the_o remit_v of_o eternal_a punishment_n as_o every_o priest_n be_v by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o penance_n shall_v not_o be_v deny_v the_o lesser_a of_o the_o superfluity_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o saint_n suffering_n for_o the_o remit_v only_o temporal_a punishment_n when_o i_o once_o see_v these_o question_n satisfactory_o answer_v i_o may_v then_o think_v better_o of_o this_o doctrine_n than_o i_o do_v at_o present_a for_o the_o best_a i_o can_v think_v of_o it_o now_o be_v that_o there_o never_o be_v a_o doctrine_n more_o absurd_a in_o the_o ground_n of_o it_o or_o more_o gainful_a in_o the_o practice_n than_o this_o of_o indulgence_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o most_o notorious_a cheat_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o christian_a world_n §_o 10._o but_o let_v we_o suppose_v it_o otherwise_o devotion_n and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o will_v tend_v to_o promote_v or_o obstruct_v that_o very_a way_n of_o devotion_n which_o be_v most_o in_o request_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n there_o be_v but_o two_o way_n to_o judge_v of_o this_o either_o by_o experience_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o doctrine_n itself_o for_o experience_n my_o adversary_n allege_v his_o own_o and_o that_o he_o have_v see_v great_a devotion_n cause_v by_o they_o but_o by_o his_o favour_n the_o question_n be_v not_o what_o outward_a act_n of_o devotion_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a people_n who_o be_v abuse_v by_o great_a hope_n of_o strange_a benefit_n by_o indulgence_n and_o therefore_o prepare_v themselves_o with_o some_o show_n of_o devotion_n to_o receive_v they_o especial_o when_o they_o be_v unusual_a but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o they_o have_v these_o effect_n upon_o those_o who_o understand_v the_o nature_n and_o design_n of_o they_o and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o their_o church_n about_o they_o 4._o for_o as_o durandus_fw-la resolve_v it_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o indulgence_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o receiver_n for_o than_o say_v he_o the_o indulgence_n will_v contain_v a_o falsity_n in_o it_o which_o be_v that_o whosoever_o do_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o go_v to_o the_o 7._o church_n shall_v have_v plenary_a remission_n of_o his_o sin_n therefore_o say_v he_o whoever_o do_v the_o thing_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a benefit_n of_o the_o indulgence_n or_o else_o the_o indulgence_n be_v false_a and_o to_o his_o experience_n i_o shall_v oppose_v that_o of_o great_a observer_n of_o the_o world_n than_o he_o have_v be_v i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o testimony_n of_o vrspergensis_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o plenary_a indulgence_n in_o their_o time_n how_o man_n encourage_v themselves_o to_o sin_v the_o more_o because_o of_o they_o 1._o polydore_v virgil_n observe_v that_o when_o indulgence_n be_v grow_v common_a many_o man_n do_v abstain_v less_o from_o do_v evil_a action_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v onus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la say_v 28._o that_o they_o take_v man_n off_o from_o the_o fruit_n of_o repentance_n and_o be_v profitable_a only_o to_o the_o idle_a and_o wicked_a the_o prince_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o norimberg_n among_o the_o grievance_n represent_v to_o the_o pope_n 4._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o they_o all_o upon_o the_o mention_n of_o indulgence_n reckon_v as_o the_o least_o bad_a consequence_n of_o they_o that_o the_o people_n be_v cheat_v of_o their_o money_n by_o they_o but_o that_o they_o say_v be_v far_o more_o considerable_a that_o true_a christian_a piety_n be_v destroy_v by_o they_o and_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o wickedness_n do_v spring_v fr●m_n thence_o and_o that_o man_n be_v afraid_a of_o commit_v no_o kind_n of_o sin_n when_o at_o so_o cheap_a a_o rate_n they_o can_v purchase_v a_o remission_n of_o they_o but_o set_v aside_o the_o experience_n of_o these_o thing_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o doctrine_n itself_o tend_v to_o to_o those_o who_o believe_v it_o the_o least_o benefit_n we_o see_v allow_v they_o be_v a_o freedom_n from_o enjoin_v penance_n and_o what_o be_v these_o penance_n account_v among_o they_o but_o fruit_n of_o true_a repentance_n a_o severe_a mortification_n fast_v frequent_a prayer_n and_o alm_n so_o that_o the_o short_a of_o this_o doctrine_n be_v that_o man_n by_o indulgence_n be_v excuse_v from_o do_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o if_o this_o be_v a_o way_n of_o promote_a devotion_n i_o leave_v any_o one_o in_o his_o sense_n to_o judge_v §_o 11._o i_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o deny_v the_o cup_n to_o the_o laity_n kind_n contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o solemn_a celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n after_o christ._n to_o which_o he_o answer_v 3._o way_n 1_o that_o the_o receive_n in_o one_o or_o both_o kind_n be_v ever_o hold_v a_o matter_n of_o liberty_n in_o the_o church_n 2_o that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o in_o the_o church_n power_n to_o alter_v it_o after_o a_o 1000_o year_n as_o in_o the_o first_o or_o second_o century_n 3_o that_o the_o believe_v whole_a christ_n to_o be_v present_a in_o one_o kind_n tend_v more_o to_o excite_v devotion_n than_o receive_v both_o element_n without_o that_o belief_n this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o his_o answer_n 17._o but_o i_o have_v else_o where_o at_o large_a prove_v and_o need_v not_o repeat_v it_o here_o that_o the_o institution_n of_o christ_n as_o to_o both_o kind_n be_v of_o a_o universal_o obligatory_a nature_n not_o only_o from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o first_o institutor_n but_o from_o the_o universal_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o institution_n and_o there_o i_o have_v large_o answer_v those_o very_a