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A94173 Ten lectures on the obligation of humane conscience Read in the divinity school at Oxford, in the year, 1647. By that most learned and reverend father in God, Doctor Robert Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln. &c. Translated by Robert Codrington, Master of Arts. Sanderson, Robert, 1587-1663.; Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665. 1660 (1660) Wing S631; ESTC R227569 227,297 402

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assign_v some_o note_n and_o critism_n and_o betwixt_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o particular_a right_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o any_o such_o distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v nay_o we_o may_v roundly_o affirm_v that_o those_o law_n of_o moses_n which_o be_v call_v political_n or_o judicial_a do_v none_o of_o they_o oblige_v christian_a magistrate_n to_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o according_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n and_o as_o they_o shall_v find_v find_v it_o expedient_a for_o the_o safety_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n either_o to_o revive_v they_o into_o power_n or_o to_o make_v they_o of_o no_o effect_n xxxi_o i_o affirm_v in_o the_o four_o place_n that_o the_o moral_a law_n deliver_v by_o moses_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n or_o the_o ten_o commandment_n do_v oblige_v all_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o jew_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o all_o protestant_n 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injury_n be_v do_v to_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n when_o one_o thing_n be_v command_v by_o the_o magistrate_n because_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v necessary_a oris_fw-la prohibit_v because_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o when_o another_o thing_n begin_v then_o only_o to_o be_v think_v necessary_a and_o lawful_a after_o that_o it_o be_v command_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o unlawful_a because_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o he_o the_o first_o necessity_n which_o antecede_v the_o law_n and_o be_v suppose_v by_o it_o to_o be_v some_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o conscience_n but_o the_o other_o which_o follow_v the_o law_n and_o proceed_v from_o it_o as_o a_o essect_v thereof_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v because_o the_o antecedent_n necessity_n which_o the_o law_n suppose_v do_v necessary_o require_v some_o assent_n of_o the_o practical_a judgement_n but_o to_o the_o follow_a necessity_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o law_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n be_v sufficient_a to_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o outward_a work_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v command_v now_o a_o act_n of_o the_o will_n can_v prejudice_v the_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n as_o a_o act_n of_o the_o judgement_n do_v for_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n do_v follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o the_o conscience_n as_o the_o effect_n follow_v its_o cause_n but_o the_o act_n of_o the_o judgement_n do_v precede_v those_o dictate_v as_o the_o cause_n go_v before_o its_o effect_n vi_o these_o distinction_n be_v premise_v i_o proceed_v unto_o the_o doubt_n where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n those_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o concern_v the_o material_a cause_n
some_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a emergency_n those_o law_n may_v be_v defective_a in_o some_o particular_a case_n not_o foresee_v and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o person_n orsome_a person_n to_o exercise_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n there_o will_v be_v no_o other_o effectual_a remedy_n to_o relieve_v the_o endanger_a country_n and_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o wise_a man_n have_v always_o determine_v and_o reason_n also_o persuade_v to_o it_o that_o in_o exigent_n point_v of_o necessity_n legal_a justice_n ought_v to_o give_v place_n to_o equity_n equity_n according_a unto_o aristotle_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o the_o rectify_v ibid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arist_n ibid._n or_o the_o correct_v of_o legal_a justice_n or_o even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o as_o present_o afterward_o he_o explain_v that_o definition_n by_o supply_v its_o defect_n in_o particular_a case_n in_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o too_o much_o generality_n it_o fall_v short_a of_o either_o justice_n or_o the_o public_a profit_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o law_n shall_v be_v constitute_v general_o out_o of_o a_o respect_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o general_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v do_v but_o not_o out_o of_o a_o respect_n to_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v contingent_a in_o particular_n in_o many_o of_o which_o if_o law_n be_v strict_o and_o by_o a_o prescript_n of_o word_n accommodate_v they_o must_v necessary_o be_v defective_a also_o and_o fall_v short_a of_o either_o moral_a justice_n or_o of_o common_a profit_n or_o of_o both_o of_o they_o xvii_o this_o be_v then_o grant_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v the_o public_a profit_n do_v require_v that_o there_o be_v some_o authority_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v above_o the_o law_n and_o to_o supply_v the_o defect_n thereof_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v by_o consequence_n 3._o aistot_n 3._o which_o aristotle_n assert_v in_o his_o politic_n ii_o polit_n ii_o that_o this_o supreme_a authority_n can_v appertain_v to_o any_o one_o else_o than_o to_o he_o alone_o who_o be_v set_v over_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n and_o invest_v with_o the_o chief_a power_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o single_a person_n as_o in_o a_o monarchial_a government_n or_o many_o as_o in_o other_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n shall_v it_o be_v lawful_a therefore_o now_o for_o subject_n under_o pretence_n of_o of_o public_a liberty_n and_o safety_n to_o break_v all_o the_o bond_n ordinance_n law_n and_o fidelity_n and_o by_o a_o intolerable_a rage_n of_o pride_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o tread_v under_o their_o foot_n the_o authority_n of_o law_n and_o prince_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o so_o great_a a_o villainy_n impudent_o to_o abuse_v and_o pervert_v that_o aphorism_n which_o tho●e_v factious_a man_n be_v always_o boast_v of_o and_o repeat_v to_o one_o another_o viz._n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la est_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la ●_o homer_n illiad_n ●_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o will_v not_o understand_v that_o even_o by_o the_o very_a same_o axiom_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o prince_n have_v a_o power_n even_o over_o the_o law_n themselves_o so_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o out_o of_o the_o fullness_n of_o his_o power_n if_o necessity_n compel_v and_o the_o affair_n admit_v of_o no_o delay_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o people_n safety_n against_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a enemy_n to_o lay_v aside_o for_o awhile_o the_o strict_a observation_n of_o the_o law_n lest_o by_o a_o too_o superstitious_a and_o too_o unreasonable_a reverence_n of_o they_o he_o suffer_v both_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n and_o at_o last_o the_o law_n themselves_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o power_n of_o his_o enemy_n xviii_o as_o to_o that_o question_n whether_o a_o ptince_n be_v free_a himself_o from_o the_o law_n he_o have_v make_v &_o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n &_o receive_v by_o common_a use_n and_o how_o far_o he_o be_v bind_v ordinary_o to_o observe_v they_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o god_n will_v give_v you_o my_o judgement_n therein_o it_o be_v now_o only_o here_o demand_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o without_o order_n and_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o country_n to_o do_v some_o thing_n either_o beside_o or_o against_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v and_o that_o in_o good_a conscience_n he_o may_v do_v it_o it_o be_v first_o prove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o best_a king_n and_o by_o the_o history_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o have_v be_v remarkable_a throughout_o the_o world_n and_o second_o reason_n itself_o do_v dictate_v it_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o law_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o multiplicity_n of_o particular_a event_n both_o which_o but_o even_o now_o i_o mention_v and_o three_o those_o thing_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v it_o which_o be_v allege_v by_o sam._n on_o the_o right_n of_o king_n 1._o sam._n 6._o &_o which_o can_v well_o be_v interpret_v otherwise_o although_o many_o in_o vain_a have_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v but_o that_o the_o least_o scruple_n may_v not_o arise_v nor_o remain_v from_o any_o thing_n which_o have_v here_o be_v speak_v and_o be_v misunderstand_v give_v i_o leave_v i_o pray_v you_o to_o call_v back_o this_o so_o divulge_v a_o axiom_n to_o its_o first_o original_a and_o if_o i_o shall_v not_o so_o perform_v it_o that_o you_o yourselves_o may_v confess_v that_o the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a safety_n the_o law_n sometime_o lay_v aside_o do_v according_a to_o the_o meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o axiom_n itself_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o nothing_o at_o all_o on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n proclaim_v i_o to_o grow_v dark_a in_o the_o cleare●_n light_n and_o that_o i_o have_v hitherto_o be_v not_o the_o defendor_n but_o a_o prevaricator_n and_o betrayer_n of_o the_o best_a of_o cause_n xix_o i_o have_v declare_v already_o that_o this_o axiom_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o roman_n unto_o we_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o which_o first_o of_o all_o as_o i_o know_v of_o be_v write_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o marcus_n cicero_n de_fw-fr legib._n but_o by_o himself_o as_o he_o affirm_v take_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o describe_v by_o he_o in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o have_v therefore_o in_o the_o former_a explain_v the_o law_n belong_v to_o religion_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n in_o his_o three_o book_n he_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o commonwealth_n where_o among_o other_o thing_n he_o have_v these_o word_n i_o must_v beseech_v you_o to_o give_v due_a attention_n to_o they_o regio_n impereo_n duo_fw-la sunto_fw-la iique_fw-la praecundo_fw-la judicando_fw-la consulendo_fw-la praetores_fw-la judices_fw-la consules_a appellantor_fw-la militiae_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o habento_n nemini_fw-la parento_fw-la ollis_n salus_n populi_n suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la let_v there_o be_v two_o in_o the_o sovereign_a command_n and_o for_o their_o go_v before_o rule_v or_o judge_v and_o counsel_v let_v they_o be_v call_v praetor_n judge_n and_o consul_n let_v the_o chief_a right_n of_o the_o militia_n be_v they_o let_v they_o be_v under_o none_o let_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o supreme_a law_n unto_o they_o to_o they_o that_o be_v to_o they_o that_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o sovereign_a command_n who_o have_v the_o chief_a power_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o acknowledge_v not_o any_o power_n above_o their_o own_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v obedient_a that_o be_v to_o the_o two_o consul_n who_o although_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n do_v exercise_v only_o a_o yearly_a magistracy_n yet_o for_o that_o time_n they_o have_v the_o chief_a power_n over_o the_o city_n &_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n come_v hither_o all_o you_o whosoever_o you_o be_v who_o among_o these_o or_o other_o nation_n be_v assertor_n and_o patron_n of_o popular_a licence_n read_v and●_n read_v overagain_o every_o period_n weigh_v every_o sentence_n clause_n and_o point_n examine_v every_o word_n syllable_n and_o tittle_n where_o will_v you_o find_v the_o prince_n be_v unwilling_a the_o least_o sign_n of_o any_o power_n grant_v to_o the_o subject_a either_o of_o judge_v of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n or_o of_o