Orsino That of Aldo Manutio who passed to a better life at green yeers consisting of 80 thousand Books We must observe though that Fulvio Orsino in the yeer 1600. added his to the Library of the Pope And that Ascanio Colonna never enough to be praised bought that of Sirleto for 14 thousand Crownes deputing to it intelligent Keepers with honest stipends that it may rather dayly increase then at all diminish The great Duke of Florence his noble Library is known to have good numbers of Greek Books and that of Urbino of Mathematical Writers That of the Malatesti is in Cesena in the Minorites Convent In Bologna that of the preaching Fathers In Venice that of the Republique In Padoua is that of Gio Vicenzo Pinello famous enough but le ts return to the Libraria Vaticana 'T is certainly concluded that the Gentiles usually preserved their Books in the publique Libraries as well as private t is no less evident that the Catholick Church from Christs time to ours had alwaies in divers places sacred Libraries to advantage students wherefore St. Augustine in the Narration which he makes De persecutione Arrianorum in Ecclesia Alexandrina saies that in the Christian Churches there were Libraries and that with the greatest care they preserved their Books and accuseth the impiety of the Arrians amongst other things for their taking away and burning the Books of the Church Saint Jerome likewise makes mention of the same Libraries when writing to Pamachius by his Books against Jovinianus he saies that he kept in the Churches Libraries Eusebius also in his 119 Book at the 11 Chapter writeth that the Church had holy Books in the Oratories and that in Dioclesians dayes to the end the name of Christian might be wholly extinguished the Oratories were overthrowen and the books burnt nor does there want conjectures hereof from the holy Scripture for that Saint Paul writing to Timothy commands him to transport with himself his Books to Rome chiefly those in parchment and in the first to the Corinthians he testifies that in the Corinthian Churches they used to read the Prophetick books Eusebius in his 5 book of the Ecclesiastical history at the 10th Chapter saies that the Apostle Saint Eartholomew going to prea ch the gospel to the Indians left there the Gospel of Saint Matthew writ by his own hand Which very copy Origene afterwards found in the Indies and from thence carryed it as Saint Jerome averrs to Alexandria when he also brought from the East the Canonical books of the old Testament Lastly the Hebrews diligently conserved their sacred books and on every Sabbath read the Books of Moses in their Synagogues wherefore t is reasonable enough to believe that the Christians have alwaies observed their rule of diligently copying and preserving the prophetick books those of the Apostles and those of the Evangelists But the places where these books were layed up were not alwaies called by the same name but sometimes Archiviunt a Treasury of Rolls scrinium a Coffer where evidences were kept Bibliotheca or Libraria a Bibliotheque or Library as in se veral Authors appears Then indubitably they used to lay up in places deputed to that purpose the Memorials of greatest importance the Books of the Bible of the old and new Testament and the Books of the holy Fathers many whereof written by their own Authors through this means have reached our times and will continue to future Ages if God soplease And because the collecting and conserving those books required a great expence as well in writers as Inquisitors and conservators therefore the richest Christians cōmonly contributed every one some proportion and part as a common stock for the Church to have the same effected And in particular we have great obligation to the Emperor Constantine the Great who as Eusebius recounts in his third Book of his life without regard to the vast expence made it his business to collect and secure the sacred Books which in the times of the persecutions the Gentiles had wholy dispersed After which the gathering keeping and choosing Books was particularly the charge of the Bishops and Priests for which end they were wont to maintain Notaries Stationers and Women exercised and skilled in writing as may be gathered from the life of Ambrosius and of Origene Among all other Collectors of Books Pantenius the Master of the Alexandrian School is esteemed the most diligent likewise Pamfilo the Priest and Martyr as Eusebius relates instituted and governed with great industry a fair Library placing there the Books of Origene and such other good Books as he could get written by the hand of which Caesarean Library St. Jerom against Rufinus takes notice Furthermore Alexander the Bishop of Jerusalem got together a good quantity of Books as of Betillus Hippolitus Caius and other Ecclesiastical writers and with them composed a worthy Library as Eusebius testifies who also confesseth himself to have been assisted by the said Alexander in his own Ecclesiastical History And not to omit the diligence of some of later times in the like work le ts remember that Pope Clement the first successor to St. Peter who wrote many Epistles profitable to the Roman Church deputed seaven Scriveners in the seaven praecincts of Rome who were maintained out of the Churches Revenne for no other thing then diligently to search out and write the Acts of the martyrs And Anicetus the Pope made it his business to find out a secure place for the laying up the lives of the Martyrs wrote by those Scriveners Pope Fabianus ordained seaven Deacons for supervisors to those Notaries to take the better care in executing the charge of collecting and true recital of the Martirs lives Of which Scriveners the Actions of the Roman Councel under Silvester give good testimony Pope Julius successor to Marcus who followed Sil. determined that the said Notaries abovenamed should diligently gather together whatever appertained to the amplifying and fortifiing of the holy Catholick Faith that all the things by them writ should be revised by the Primicerio or chief created to that purpose who afterwards was to place and keep in the Church what he had approved Pope Hilary was the first known that built a Library who erected two near the Founts of the Laterano wherein for that in those times there were but few Books and they at great price because wholly written by the hand he caused the writings of the Roman Church the decretal Epistles of Popes the Actions of the Counsels the recantations and opinions of the Hereticks and the Books of the holy Fathers to be layed up and preserved for the publique use of the Christians But to return to our purpose of the Vatican Library we must know that beside the abovenamed Libraries the Popes used so great diligence in collecting books as they put together one greater than the two former in the Popes Palace on the Laterano which remained there about one thousand yeers till Clement the 5th translating
the World and singular sculptures than with collections of Brass Figures Marbles Medals and other exquisite things both natural and artificial which with the said Palace are now possessed by Signor Gasparo Mantoua Doctor of Physick and Nephew of the abovenamed Marco Luigi Coradino Doctor of Philosophy and of the Laws heretofore Reader of the Digests or Volums of the Civil Law in the University a man of a most quick wit and polite Learning an excellent disputant and particularly conversant in antiquities made a noble collection of Books Pictures Sculptures Medals antique Brass and Marble Tablets and other rarities which for the most part are enjoyed by the Signor Andrea his Son Doctor of Philosophy and Physick and Reader in the College a Virtuoso who conserves them in their Antient House in the Street called Torecelle Gio Domenico Sala Doctor of Philosophy and Physick most renowned for having been so many yeers Reader in the University and for having exercised his Profession of Physick with a known reputation In his Palace which stands in the Street called San Lorenzo hath set up a Study replenished with Books Pictures Marbles Brass pieces Medals and other pretious rarities and in particular he hath there a large and neat Press with shelves all made with Walnut Tree filled with Vessels of Christal with all the simple minerals and other rare and exquisite things which were collected by the Signor Conte Giacomo Zabarella Doctor Reader of the College and Canon of Padoua after whose death coming to the hands of Signor Bonifacio Zabarella his Brother they were by him given to the above-named Signor Gio Domenico in testimony of being his great Friend and Ally as a gift of most singular estimation Benedetto Salvatico Knight a Philosopher and Physician and chief Reader of the University a most signal person no less for his Reading than eminency in Physick hath restored near the Domo or chief Church his Palace making there a most stately Gallery gardens with Fountains Voleries and a thousand other excellencies besides his books and Pictures The Signor Conte Giacomo Zabaralla Count of Credazza and of the Empire a most renowned and vituous Person hath so much laboured in the study of History and Antiquities that meritoriously by the Learâ—…edst Pens he is styled the Restorer of Antiquity and renewer of things devouted by time being as well read in the Genealogie of Princes and other Illustrious Families a work as may be said without compare Besides that he hath found out the Invention to blason Coaâ—…s of Gentility to a great perfection with the right Linage and the equal compartments The works composed by him give a sufficient assurance that a high value is justly put upon him whereof are extant the Genealogie of Antenore Agamemnon Trasea Peto Orontio Stella Brandeburgica Polonica Auraica and the Universal Genalogie of those Princes and of many Illustrious Families the relation of so many Originals of Gentility the Histories of Conterina Cornera Zena Quirina Bemba Michiela and other his histories of the City and Families of Padoua the glories of Venice with many discourses Orations Elogies and other workes much esteemed by the Learned He hath in the Street called Coda the whole length of his Palace erected a most noble Library wherein besides that there are great Quantities of Books of Histories of Humanity and other Learning all most choice so also are there a good number of Manuscripts in Paper and Parchment whereof many are set in gold with exquisite Limning in Vermillion many whereof were never printed whose very Originals he is Master of Moreover he hath the Chronicles of Padoua as well those that are in print as in manuscript as also many of Venice and other Cities And besides these in a Press of Nut-Tree of a notable Largeness and Workmanship he hath collected many Marbles Brass pieces and other things natural and Artificial Antient and Modern of great value as also a quantity of antient Medals and of the later Princes both of Gold and Silver and other Metals which are of a sufficient valew besides many rare Pictures by the hand of the chief Men of the past Ages and the authentique pourtraies of Francesco Cardinal Bartolomeo Paulo Archbishops Orlando and Lorenzo Bishops all of the house of Zabarella and likewise of the Counts Giaccomo the elder Giulio and Giacomo the Philosopher and of other eminent men of his house He also preserves the great privileges granted to his house by many Popes Emperors Kings and Princes with the Key of gold given by Massiminian the first Emperor to the said Count Giacomo his Ancestors he likewise preserves many Antient and notable Seals of his Ancestors wherewith they used to seal the privileges of those Counts Knights Doctors and Notaries which were created by them together also with many other most incomparable excellencies both concerning his own Family and many others Monsignior Giacomo Filippo Tomassini Bishop of Citta Nova in the Street called Ponte de Tadi hath his Palace restored and signalized by the Signor Paulo his Brother long since Doctor of Laws and the first Advocate of his Age in his Countrey lately deceased with a universal sorrow This Signor is generally esteemed for a most virtuous person a Philosopher a Divine an Astrologer an Historian and a Humanist in all which he hath justified his Judgment by those most Elegant Books he hath wrote upon all these subjects so much approved by the Virtuous His Study excels no less in Books Pictures Medals and other things of valew Than in the signal Library of the works of the Lawes left him by his said Brother The Signor Conte Giovanni de Lazara Knight of the Order of Saint Stephen Son to the Signor Conte Nicolo Knight of the same Order hath no less honoured his Country by his Nobility and Virtue than for his eminency in the knowlege of the Antiquities of it and many other Countreys whereto he hath added a Collection of divers manuscripts of great esteem as also a good quantity of Medals and other things of price among which the antient Seal of the Padouan Republick whereof Scardevone in the 12 folio takes notice is greatly valued Besides on one side of his Palace which is one of the fairest of the City he hath drawn a Border whereon are set the Pourtraies of many Lords and Princes the Predecessors and Parents of his Family The Signor Sartorio Orsato Doctor in Philosophy and Physick Son of the Signor Orsato Knight of Saint Mark an eminent Subject in his Countrey is a young Student not less read and expert in Philosophy and Physick than in History Humanity and Antiquities and in his brave house in the Street of Saint Francesco hath made a Collection of the best Books and squares with a good number of Medals Marbles brass pieces and other singularities of great Price who having composed several works both in Prose and verse as well in the Latine as Italian Language to add to the fame and beauty of
Show places in Rome were Il Massimo l'Agonio Il Flaminio that of Nero and that of Alexandre The memorable Porticues or open Galleries Denomminations ensue Il Pompeio Il Corinthio della Concordia della Libertà di Augusto di Severo di Panteo di Metello di Constantino di Q Catullo del Foro di Augusto di Trajano di Livia del circo Massino di Nettuno di Quirino di Mercurio di Venere Cricina di Ottavio Iulia and that called Tribunale Aurelio The famous Collumnes were Lo Rostrata la Lattaria la Bellica la Menia those of Trajan of Caesar of Antonius pius and those in the Porticue of Concordia The Piramides these one in the Circo maximo one in the Campo Martio one in the Mauseolo or rich Tombe of Augustus one of the Sun of the Araceli of the Moon of the holy Trinity of the Vatican of Saint Petre and of San Mauro which flankes the Roman Colledge In Rome were three Colossus one of Nero another of Apollo a third of Mars and two other Pyramides one of C Celtius another of Scipio Also some places called Naumachie appointed for Naval Fights as large as the Circus Maximus and were called of Domitian Nero and Caesar. The proud Fabricks named Settezonii were two the one of Severus which Pope Sextus the 5th caused to be overwhelmed the other of Titus Some Horses were erected composed of several Materials as of Marcus Aurelius of Antoninus in the Campidoglio of Domitianus of L. Verus Trajanus Caesar. Constantinus of Fidia and of Prasitelle in the Quirinale or Monte Cavallo The Names of such as have writ of the Famous things in ROME THese following Authors have wrote of the City ROME P. Vittore wrote of the Parts of the City Aristides sofista in Greek an Oration in praise of Rome but the more modern are Giusto Lipsio Lucio Fauno Bartolameo Marliano lately set forth with Prints Lodovico Demonciosi in a Book intitled Gallus hospes de Urbe printed at Rome Poggio a Florentine Fabriccio Varriano Flavio Biondo Rafael Volaterrano Francesco Albertini Rucellai Sorlio Giacomo Boissardo Mauro Andrea Fulvio Rosino Panuino Vuolfango Lazio Of the modern state and greatness of Rome under the Popâ—…s Flavio Biondo Thomaso Bosio Eugubino and Thomaso Stapletono an English Man have at large discoursed Of the seven Churches of Rome Onofrio Panuino who wrote also of the burying places M. Attilio Serrano and Pompeio Augonio the Roman Library keeper in the vulgar Tongue and of the other Churches Lorenzo Schradero Sassone in the second Book of his Memorials of Italy Of the times and impresses of the Consuls and Emperors Cassiodorâ—… a Roman Senator Marcellino Vettor Tanunense Gioanni Cuspiniano Carlo Sigonio Onofrio Panuino Stefano Pighio whose History is beautified with figures and Uberto Golizio who did the same with the Meddals Passing by the Antient Greek and Latine Authors These ensuing have wrote the Histories of the Roman Emperours viz. Plutark Dion Herodian Iulianus Caesar Ammianus Lampridius Spartianus Aurelius Victorius with others who have been often reprinted Also the Images of those Emperours were treated of and published by Uberto Glotzio Hiperbolita Giacomo Strada Mantoano Sebastiano Orâ—…zo and others moreover the Images of the said Emperours and their wives were stamped in Copper by Levino Hulsio Gandavese in Spire Furthermore the Lives of the Emperours were set forth in Verse by Ausonio Borgidolense Gia Micillo and Orsino Velio Of the Columnes of Rome Pietro Giacone Alfonso Chianone and Pietro Gallesino the one of the Rostrata or Pulpit bedecked with beaks of Ships in the Campidoglio the second of that of Trajan the third of that of Antoninus Of the Acqueducts and Waters entring Rome Sesto Iulio Frontino Aldus Manutius and Giovanni Servilio of the Acqua Virgine wrote Duca the Roman Legist Of the increase and Augmentation of the Tyber Lodovico Gomesio and Giacomo Castiglione Of the Magistrates of Rome Pamponeo Leto Andrea Dominico Flano whose works are erroneoufly attributed to Fenestela Carlo Sigonio Giovanni Bofino in his seventh Book of the Roman Antiquities and Giachâ—…mo Perionio of the Provinces Marian Scoto and Guido Pancirolo Of the Senate Aulo Gellio Giovanni Zamosio Great Chansellor of Polonia and Paul Manutius Of the Comitia or Assemblies of the People for electing Officers Nicolo Grucchio Carlo Sigonio and Giovanni Rosino in his 6th Book of the Roman Antiquities Of the Judges Valerius Maximus in his 7th Book and Giovanni Rosino in his 7th Book of the Antiquities of Rome Of the High Priests Andrea Dominico Flacco Pomponeo Leto and Rosino aforenamed Of the times of their Festivals and of their Games Ovidius Naso Lidius Geraldus Rosinus and Iosephus Scaliger in his Book De Temporum emendatione Of the Triclinia or Supping Parlours or their Banquets and manner of sitting at Table Pietro Chiacon Toletano Fulvio Orsino a Roman Ramusio De quaesitis per Epistolam and Andrea Baccio De vini Natura Of the sharp pointed Steeple erected by Sixtus the 5th Pietro Angelo Barba Pietro Galesino Michel Mercator and Giovanni Servilio Of the Theatre and Amphitheatres Iustus Lipsius and Giovanni Servilio in his first Book of the wonderfull works of the Antient Of the Roman Militia Polibius Iustus Lipsius Giovanni Antonio Valerinâ—… Giovanni Servilio in 30. lib. De mirandis Carlo sigonio and Giovanni Rosino Of the Provinces Sextus Rufus in his Breviary and Carlo Sigonius of the Colonies Sextus Iulius Frontinus Onofrio Panuino and Carlo Sigonio Of the Ciphers or Figures of the Antient Valerius Probus the Author of that tenth Book added to Valerius Maximus of the Roman surnames whereof also Sigonius hath writ Panuinus and others Of the antiquity of the Edifices and the ruines of Rome Carolus Sigonius in his Book De antiquo Iure Civium Romanorum Paulâ—…s Minutius who wrote also of the Laws of Rome as did Antonius Agostinus aud others The Figures of Romes Antiquities were stamped in Brass by Antonio Salamanca and others The Tablets in brass likewise by Onofrio Panuino and others The Statues in Rome were published by Giovanni Giacomo Boissardo and others The Images of the illustrious Persons were taken from the Marble figures and printed by Achille Statio a Portuguese and Theodore Galleo by whom also were set forth the lively Visages of the modern illustrious Italians as also of the nine learned Greeks who being taken at Constantinople first brought the Greek letters into Italy and afterwards conveyed the same into Gallia aud those parts beyond the Alpes The old Inscriptions on Marble and other stones in Rome and elsewhere were divulged by Pietro Appiano Maritino Smetio Fulvio Orsino and divers others The Epitaphs on Christians Tombs are collected by Lorenzo Scradero a Saxon and by Chitreus in his Book of delight in travails Of the Roman wonders Ubertus Glothzius hath wrote an ample Book which also comprehends the Inscriptions and meddals of Apulia and Sicilia Sebastiano Erizzo and others The Lives of the Roman Chief Bishops and Popes were
present a religious Person and a lover of Learned men BASSANO FRom Trento the way lies to Bassano travelling towards the East by the Valley of Sugana called by the Antients Euganea because a People of that name dwelt there This Plain is eighteen miles in length and two only in bredth whence you may go to Venice but 't is too long a journey Five Miles forth of Trent is situated the rich and populous Countrey of Perzene At the Head of the Valley near Primolano are the confines between the Venetians and Germans Upon the high Mountain of Primolano is there built a most strong Bulwark of the Venetians called Strada where a few Souldiers can repel the Dutch when ever they offer by violence or force to advance forwards At twelve miles distance from thence towards the East among the Alps is the City of Feltre by the which way at the right-hand-shore of the River Brent three miles distance from Scala is seated Cavolo a Fort of the Germans inexpugnable in respect that 't is founded upon a great Rock directly hanging over the high-way with a Fountain of living water in it whereto neither Man nor Goods can be mounted from the Earth unless fastned to a Rope and that wound up upon a wheel from which because 't is a very narrow way underneath between the Mountain and the River with small labour may their enemies be slain with Stones cast on them as they march along Thence five miles distant is the River Cisimone wch disembogues it self into the Brenta where the Dutch and Feltrini daily load great quantities of Timber and Wood as well for the use of Building as for firing which they afterwards transport to Bassano to Padoua and to Venice Seven miles distant from Bassano on the Right-hand-shore of the Brent lies the Countrey of Valstagna placed at the foot of the Mountains and famous for the Sawes there made thence distant three miles lies the Countrey of Campese where in the Church of the Fryers of Saint Benedict lies buried he that wrote la Macharonea Bassano lies at the foot of this streight Valley and is washed towards the West by the Brent called antiently Brenta or Brentesia the which hath its Sourse or head beyond the Alps of Trent twelve miles near Levego Over the Brent a little forth of the Gate of Bassano is built a great Bridge of Wood which conjoyns both the Rivers Between the Alps and this Castle there are some Hills which produce most abundantly all things requisite as well for necessary living as delicacy but most particularly they abound with Olives and precious Wines The River Brenta runs thorow the Territory of Vicenza passeth by the City of Padoua and in the end dischargeth it self by the Fenny or Moorish grounds into the Sea In this River they take excellent Fish as Trouts Pollard or Chieven Eyles Pyke Tench Lampreys Barbel and Crabfish In no place are the men more ingenuous in Merchandize than in this particularly in weaving of Cloth in turning most neatly in Ivory and in Carving in Nut-Trees There is never a year that they dress less than fifteen thousand pound weight of Silk and notwithstanding that that which is made in China is esteemed better than is made in any other part of the world nevertheless 't is known that this of Bassano is more subtile or thin and more light Hence the Family of the Carrareci drew their Original and Eccellino the Tyrant as also Lazaro surnamed Bassano a person not meanly learned nor less acquainted in the Greek tongue than in the Latine he lived a long time in Bologna with great satisfaction to the learned afterwards he rendred himself at Padoua to the end that he might illuminate those who were studious of good Letters At present Giacomo dal Ponte an excellent Lymner greatly illustrates this Country together with four of his Sons called vulgarly the Bassani Bassano hath under it twelve Towns which with it self contein to the number of twelve thousand Souls MAROSTICA AT three miles distance from Bassano towards the West is seated a strong place named Marostica a Castle built by the Lords of Scala near the Mountain and fortified with Walls and two Sconceâ—… Antiently this Castle stood in the neighbouring Mountain which looks towards the East where at this time are to be seen the Foundationâ—… Here the Air is most perfect and the Countrey as pleasant and produceth excellent fruits in great abundance but it most excels in Cherries of all sorts which are so infinitely pleasant and so well â—…elished that therefore in many places they are called Marosticane There are many Fountains of clear Water and thence about two miles is a Lake called Piola whose waters abate and rise in the same manner as they in the Golf of Venice with great admiration to the beholders The Inhabitants of this Castle are extreme contentious whereupon an Elegant Poet wrote thus Restat in Civibus Marii discordia vetus Quae cum Syllanis saevit in urbe viris Within this Castle are many Churches among which is that of Saint Bastiano where the Fryers of Saint Francis dwell wherein lies the Body of the blessed Lorenzuolo the Child Martyred by the wicked Jews who antiently there inhabited Francesco of the Family of the â—…reschi hath much illustrated this Castle who publickly Read the Civil Law in Padoua and likewise Angelo Mateaccio who hath composed some Books of the Laws At this present adds no small Fame to this his Countrey Prospero Alpino the most excellent Physician publique Reader of the first matter of Simples in the Academy of Padoua who hath written De plantis AEgypti De Opobalsamo and De Praesagienda vitâ—… morte AEgrotantium lately published And is now employed besides his publick Reading in composing and ripening some other noble Work for publick view Thorow the middle of this Castle runs the little River called Rozza whence about a mile passeth the Sillano so called because in Antient Language it signified a Stream of running water 'T is believed that the Antient Romans much frequented this Place for that the Inhabitants to this day retain certain Latine words though something corrupted Before the Church of Saint Floriano stand two Marble Stones of great antiquity upon the one whereof is written thus TI Claudio Caes. M. Salonius ⸫⸫ es Martina Chara Conjux quae Venit de Gallia per mansiones L. Vi commemoraret memoriam Mariti sui Bene quiescas duleissime mi Marite TREVISO THe Antient City of Treviso is situated on the East of and at the distance from Bassano twenty five miles This City was founded by Osaride the third King of the Greâ—…ans who being adopted Son of Dionisius therefore conceded unto him AEgypt and Reigned in Italy ten years And because after his death there appeared to the AEgyptians an Ox they supposing it to be their King Osiris worsnipped it as a God and called it Apâ—… which in their language signifies an Ox for which reason
Vicentini the Opitergini Concordiesi Altinati and several other People who to fly the Fury of Attila King of the Hunnes recovered this Place gives no small Imbellishment to this View Between the said Moorish Grounds now the Streets and the Sea by Dame Nature is raised a Fence or Bank to defend the City the small Islands against the furious Waves of the Sea with which 't is invironed Which Fence is Thirty five Miles long and bends in the shape of a Bow opening it self in five several Places for each of which is a Gate as well to permit Barkes to enter in at them as to maintain the said Channels full of Water The profound Havens of Chioza and Malamocco with the Forts built at the Mouth of the said Havens to keep any Armado or Fleet at a distance And lastly the beholding the Mountaines of Carnia and of Histria and on the Right Hand the Apenine Hills with Lumbardy together with the Famous Hills called Euganei with the mouthes of the Rivers Adice and Poe and behind them the Alpes of Baviera and of the Gerisons alwaies covered with Snow gives no small satisfaction nor beauty to his Prospect And now we come to the Famous Piazza or broad place of S. Mark whose platform resembles a Carpenters square at the one end whereof stands the Admirable Church of St. Mark and at the other That of St. Geminian wrought with excellent Stones and round the said Place are built fair and sumptuous Houses all of Marble Stone under which are large open Galleries wherein are Shops for several Artificors In this place daily appear an infinite number of Persons of all Qualities and Countries in their several Habits as well for Newes and Discourses as for Traffick and Merchandize At the upper end of the said Place upon the Channel called La Giâ—…deca are two Pillars admired for their Heigth and Bigness which were transported heretofore from Constantinople upon the one whereof stands a Winged Lyon the Republick Armes in token of St. Marke their Protector with this Motto Pax tibi Marce Evangelistâ—…mens and upon the other is set the Statue of St. Theodore between which Justice is done upon Traitorous Persons These were brought from Greece to Venice in the time of Sebastian Ciani the Duke upon certain Vessels of burden together with another of equal Greatness the which overcomming the Power and Industry of the Workmen labouring to lay it on the Earth it fell into the Water where at this time t is to be seen in the Deep These vast Columns were reared by an Engineer of Lombardy named Nicolo Berreterro by the strength of great Ropes wet with water retiring by little and little who asked no other reward for this his worke but that it might be Lawful for Dice-Players to play there when they pleased without any penalty This Piazza is not intirely one alone but fower united together Opposite to the Church are reared three Standards upon three high pieces of Timber which are fastened by Lead cast into the boared holes they are wrought with figures to denote the liberty of this City and have Brass Pedestalls On the right side of the Church stands the Clock house adorned with the Celestial Signs gilt thereon with the Sun and Moons monethly ingress into them most exactly wrought and painted Neer the Steeple is a sumptuous Palace built in this Age after the Ionick and Dorick fashion which reaches even to the Church of Sain Geminian which for the excellency of the Marble Statues Casements Cornishes Frets and other ornaments together with the most incomparable Architecture gives not place to any palace of Italy Next is the Zecca or Mint-house built all of flint Stone and Iron Barrs without any manner of Timber Annexed thereunto Stands the Library which had its Original from Petrarca and was afterwards aggrandized by the Cardinals Niceno Alexandro and Grimano Lastly this Piazza is rendred so Proud and marvellous by the Uniformity of Building and other Imbellishments that I cannot say all Europe affords its like The Island Muran must next be visited by taking Gondola or Boat which for its Furnaces of Glass is much admired through the World This Island is distant from Venice about a Mile and was begun to be inhabited by the Altinati and Opitergini for fear of the Hunnes At present 't is very comely and resembling Venice as well in the structures as in the Quantity of Churches but much more pleasant and delightful in respect most of the Houses have open and spacious Gardens set with all sorts of fruitful Trees Among others is the Church of Saint Peter with a Monastery belonging to the preaching Fryers well built wherein is a famous Library full of good Books In this Place they make all sorts of Vessels of Glass called Crystal Glass whose variety Workmanship surpass all others of the same materials of the whole world And the Artizans except in excellency of the materials every day find out new Inventions to make them appear more desirable with works divers from one another I will not speak of the variety of colours which they give thereunto because 't is so marvellous that I imagine it worthy all Peoples sight They counterfet excellently several things of Agate Calcidonian Emerald and Hyacinths with other pretty Toyes so excellently that I believe were Pliny to be revived and should behold them he would admiring them much more praise these mens workmanship and these artificial things than he does the vessels of Earth made and burned by the People of Aretini or of any other Nation Opposite to the Piazza of Saint Mark and about half a mile distaâ—…t is seen the Church of Saint George the Greater a stately structure of Marble In which is beheld most curious Marble both in the Pavements and in the Statues with rich workmanship of Silver and most sumptuous Sepulchres of Princes The Fryers of Saint Benedict have here a noble Monastery wherein are long open Galleries spacious Courts ample eating-Rooms and sleeping-Chambers as also most pleasant Gardens with a worthy Library In Venice are seventeen Rich Hospitals with a great number of wealthy Churches adorned with the exactest marble Stone consisting of sixty seven Parish-Churches fifty fower Convents of Fryers twenty six Monasteries of Nunns eighteen Chapels six Schools kept within the Principal Fryeries or Monasteries In all which Churches are fifty bodies of Saints one hundred forty and three Organs many Statues made at the cost of the Republick in remembrance of illustrious Persons which have valiantly fought for her or done some other signal piece of service that is to say 165 of Marble and 23 of Brass among which most worthily presents it self That proud Statue on Horseback wrought with Gold of Bartolomeo Coglione the most famous Captain-General of the Venetian Army dedicated to him by this Republiek before the Church of Saint John and Paul in testimony of his Fidelity and Valour Moreover there are fifty six
a certain exorcism which if malignity proceeded in a natural course of Physick would not only require the best skill but length of time Whosoever reads the 36th Ch. of the 6th Book of Diosc. and those other Tractates writ on that infirmity may comprehend how great this miracle is Mathioli in the cited fol. of Diosc. owned the success and willing to deduce it from some natural cause saith that possibly these Priests might intermix some medicinal herb or secret with that bread which they are wont to bless for Dog-bitten Mad Persons but this may easily be answered For this Church is governed by two poor Priests who many times desert it nor are they of a selected condition and t were strange if since the time of Saint Bellino to this day none should arrive therebut he must bring that medicinal secret with him Secondly they give but one little morcel of that blessed bread to a person and it can scarce be imagined enough of the medicine should be conteyned in so small a parcel of Bread for so wonderfully a dangerous disease Thirdly the Nuns of Saint Fetro in Padoua have an antient Key which was San Bellinoes which Key heated and its sign made on the head of the mad Dogg he never after that is troubled with the least sign of madness Which being t is necessarily conluded and the Physicians must pâ—…r force confess that t is a pure Miracle wrought by God at the intercession of San Bellino who by the instigation of certain evil People was torn in pieces by Doggs and his glorious Corps layed up in the said Church of Polesene Desiring to go to Ferrara First they take the way Rosati till they arrive at the Poe which passing by Bark they reach Francolino a County some five miles from Ferrara VICENZA VIcenza is now seated in the Marca Trivigiana or the Marquisate of Ireves It was built according to Livie Justine and Paulo Diacono by the Galli Senoni who fell down into Italy in the Reign of Tarquinius Priscus in Rome giving the name of Gallia Cisalpiâ—…a to that part possessed by them But Strabo Pliny and Polybâ—…s will have it to be founded by the Antient Tuscans and that it was one of the twelve Cities under their dominion on this side of the Apenines and that it was much encreased and amplified by the Galli Senones When afterwards the Cities thereabouts performed good service for Omnipotent Rome at the descent of other French men in the yeer 366. into Italy and at their Assayling of Rome Vicenza being one of them in recompence of their assistance so oportunely contributed was created Municipal a Free City whence exercising their own Laws and Statutes they participated of the honours and dignities of Rome and thence t is we find so many of its Citizens in the Magistracy of that grand Republick among others Aulus Cecinna the Consul was General of the Army of Vitellius the Emperour In whose honour because he so much surpassed the fame of an ordinary Citizen It will not be impertinent to place here this following antient inscription A Caecinnae Felicis Viteliani exercit Imp. Ob Virtutem munus Gladi atorum apud se exhibitum Cremona To it was allotted also the Title of Republick and City as is to be seen in many antient Marble Stones up and down the Countrey and t was assigned to the Tribe Menenia It was under the protection of Brutus and Cicero as appears in his familiar Epistles and in this antient inscribed memorial D. Bruto M. Tullio Viris in Senatu contra Vernas optimè de se meritis Viceut All the time the Roman Empire continued in its Grandezza it ever followed the victorious Eagle which decaying this also suf fered much Calamity and underwent those mutations which it and all the Cities of Italy groâ—…ned under with miserable example Not at all nevertheless declining from its antient Vigour and Reputation Whence it was that the Longobardi held it very considerable and assigned to it It s own particular Dukes and Counts Those Governours calling themselves by that Title for that they continued for life and to their Heirs masculines after them Of one of whom Paolo Diacono makes a noble record in the life of Leon the Emperor which was Peredeo Duke of Vicenza who marched to Ravenna in assistance to the Pope and there dyed fighting valiantly for his Holiness This City was by Desiderio the last King of the Longobardi selected amongst all his to place securely his Son Aldigerio when himself was besiged in Pavia by Charles the great but it avoided not its total destruction The Reliques of its antient Theatre which at this day demonstrate themselves in the Gardens of the Signori Pigafetta and Gualdi wherein both the Kings of the Longobardi and those of France often sate to behold the publick shewes and Games And the fragments of the hot Bathes with the Pilasters for the Aqueducts give sufficient testimony that it had no defect of whatsoever either for Ornament or magnificence other famous Cities use to enjoy And at that time when Loâ—…arius the Emperor endeavoured in Rome in the yeer 825 to reform the occasion of the Feudes and to that end convocated the principal Lawyers of the primary Cities of Italy He also invited the Vicentine Counsellors with an honourable testimony of what esteem he had for the City Vicentia Furthermore when Ottone King of Germanie the Berengarii being overcome and discomfited was by the Pope crowned Emperor he remised the Italian Cities in Liberty granting unto them Power to elect their Podestà or chief Governour and to enjoy their own Laws among the rest Vicenza participated of that so great a gift Whence forming a Carrocio or Chariot which was the Badge of a free City and acknowleging the Empire with the ordinary Tribute it lived in the form of a Republick although much perplexed with the most cruel factions of its own Citizens until the yeer 1143. When Federico Barbarrossa having gathered the utmost of his Power forced all the Cities of Italy into servitude and destroying Milan in the rest constituted a German Podesta Vicenza endured not long this Tyranny but united with Padoua and Verona they shoke off the yoke and sent the first Embassadors to the Milanesi to offer them assistance and to perswade them to do the like and so they concluded the famous League of the Cities of Lombardy by which Colleagues Barbarossa being overcome between Como and Milan was driven to the other side of the Alpes Which victory the peace of Costanza followed to the conclusion whereof came also the Orators of Vicenza where they megliorated enough their Cities Condition and the state of their Liberty chiefly for that Henry the Son and successor of Federick confirmed the abovenamed Peace with all the conditions conceded by his Father All the Embassadors of the Colleagued Cities randezvousing at Piacense to that purpose where also was the Emperor and Michael Capra a Vicentine
great Men that they might the more commodiously apply themselves to the Study of Learning Of which were Virgil Alipius Saint Augustine Hermolao Barbaro Merula Francesco Filelfo Celio Rodigino Alexander the sixth and Pious the fourth Popes And although too often this City was thrown down to the very foundations and at last furrowed with the plough of the Enemies yet it ever revived again and that with more beauty and Splendor than at first increasing still so much in Riches and People that it ever kept a place among the chief Cities of Italy Near the Church San Salavdore there stood a proud Palace of the Emperors with a Temple dedicated to Jupiter made in emulation of the Campidoglio at Rome and where now the Counsel is kept was the Palace for Justice where also the Proclamations of the Dukes were accustomed to be publickly read and the due punishments executed on Malefactors There was also a Theatre to present Comedies a place for Horse races and a large Circle where now is Santa Maria Maggiore The Garden near San Steffano was an Amphitheatre where they accustomed to fight Duels The Church of San Nazario was an old Prison where they condemned Malefactors to fight with the wild Beasts there preserved to that end in great number The Common Field was then a Theatre where the young men exercised themselves in taming and manning of Horses and fighting Where the Cathedral Church is was a place with Stalls many waies where they made their Feasts to their Heroes and Houshold Gods The Stalls now for the Cattel then was a pleasant Garden beautified and planted with many Fruit trees and plants brought from far Countries great store of odoriferous flowers Rivolets of Christalline waters Statues and Sculptures of Marble Where the Church of San Lorenzo stands now were the hot Baths of Maximinian Nero and Nerva the Emperors nothing inferiour to them at Rome Besides which antiquities there yet is preserved a stately Armory in the Palace replenished with most noble Arms worthy any Prince for the value and fairness being not onely inlayed with Gold and Silver but engraven with greatest Cost and Workmanship where now is the Church San Lorenzo was a Temple dedicated to Hercules made in the form of the Rotunda at Rome near which were erected 16. Marble Pillars and upon them a Palace for the Emperours part whereof was ruined by fire the rest by time nothing but the Pillars remaining All this Fabrick was raised by Maximinian Hercules who ordained the Town should be no more called Milano but Herculeo At one end of those Pillars is this inscription put in Imp. Caesari L. Aurelio vero Aug. Arminiaco Medico Parthico Max. Trib. Pot. VII Imp. IIII. Cos. III. PP Divi Antonini Pii Divi Hadriani Nepoti Divi Trajani Parthici Pronepoti Divi Nervae Apnepoti Dec. Dec. This Milan was alwaies a potent City whence we read that it many times made opposition to the Romans and often fought the Goths and other Barbarous People and also against both the Federicks the first and second Emperours obtaining a most glorious victory It subjected to it Navara Bergamo Pavia Como Lodi and Tortona and freed Genoua from the hands of the Moors The Romans were wont to say Qui miseram citius cupiunt effundere vitam Modiolanum adeant gens ea dura nimis It was so much prized by the adjacent Countreys that it being ruined by Federick Barbarossa the Emperor Cremona Verona Piacenza advised how to restore it at their own cost and charges and in all times t was very populous It received the light of the Faith from S Barnabas sent thither from Saint Peetre who then resided in Antiochia which was in the 46. year after the coming of our Saviour where he substituted for Bishop Anatalone the Greek his Disciple whom in process of time succeeded many holy Bishops among others that glorious pillar of the Church Saint Ambrose the most renowned Doctour who finding the Bodies of San Gervaso and Protaso the Martyrs caused that Church to be built which is now called San Ambrogio This was the Cathedral Church where is seen the true effigies of the brazen Serpent made by Moses brought hither by Theodosius the Emperor as also the effigies of San Bernardo upon a Pillar who in this Church said Mass preached and wrought miracles Likewise a sumptuous Sepulchre wherein lies Lewis the second Emperour and Pepin King of Italy both Sons of Charls the great there under the Altar within a deep Pit locked with four Gates of Iron is kept with great reverence the body of Saint Ambrose and a book writ with his own hand Angelberto of the illustrious Family of Pusterly in the time of Charls the Great being Arch-Bishop The Emperor gave to this Altar a noble Pall embroidered with Saints and Angels in 20. several Squares in the midst whereof is the Saviour of the World as he rose from the dead upon whose head is a Diamond set round with gemmes of inestimable valew On both sides of which Altar are four other Images of Saints in the middle is a Cross. The Vests are all over beset with many pearls and pretious stones behind the Altar is another Cross of silver two Cubits high and one an half broad where are 23. figures of Saints of embossed work This so stupendious work cost in those days 28000. Scudaes and is now worth 100000. Volvinio the excellent Sculptor of those times was the Artificer of it Saint Ambrose stood at the Gate of this Church when he excomunicated Theodosius the Emperor commanding him not to enter therein Contiguous with it is a noble and stately Monastery of the Fryers Celestines At the issuing out of Saint Ambrogio is a poor Chapel in a blind corner with a Well where Saint Ambross baptized Saint Augustine and t is known that this was the way which Saint Augustine and Saint Ambrose took hand in hand to give thanks to God in San Gervaso for the holy Baptism received singing Te Devm Laudamus as the Inscription testifieth Hic beatus Ambrosius babtizat Augustinum Deodatum Alippum hic beatus Ambrosius incipit te Deum laudamus Augustinus sequitur Te deum confitemur The meanness of the place makes it most credible to be true the name of Carolus Boromaeus a Council of Trent Saint highly cryed up at Milan having too much extinguisht the memory and esteem of that learned Father The Church of Santa Tecla is replete with holy Reliques here rests Saint Ambrose and among other Reliques a Nayl which was fixed and drove through a member of the Body of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ into the Wooden Cross whereon he was crucifyed by the wicked Jewes which was bestowed on it by Theodosius the Emperor This is the antientest Temple of Milan and was first consecrated to the Saviour after to the Virgin Mary and lastly to Tecla but antiently many yeers before the coming of the Messiias they say there stood a most famous Temple
his Power for the Salvation of human kind by granting all the prayers of such as with a devout and sincere heart seek him c. The infinite Miracles wrought there shew that God will be sought in one place more than another in the Church hang many pourtraies of human misery as in a theatre which notwithstanding our mercifull God conduceth to a good end as particularly by divers accidents by Water evil Times Shipwracks Thunderbolts Earthquakes Destructions Precipitous falls braking of bones Sicknesses diseases Plague Slaughters Robberies Prisons Torments hunger Want and many others which a hundred tongues can hardly explicate as Virgil saith With which afflictions God is pleased to exercise his Children to expresse his Clemency more than his Justice that by it we may more truly prepare our hearts and our Souls worthy for his habitation and for our eternal bliss In this Church are many rare and pretious gifts of several Princes dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the Vestry are kept the Vests Vessels of Gold and Silver and other Riches of immense valew and about the Chnrch are many Tablets of Verses in praise of the Church The Nobleness and Magnificence of the Church of LORETO compendiously drawn out of the five Books of Floratio Torsellino a Jesuist ALthough no day passeth wherein the Cel of the holy Virgin is not visited by many strangers as well Poles Spaniards Germans Portugals other Oltramontaneous and Oltramarine Nations as Italians yet there are two seasons in the yeer when there is exceeding concourse to wit Spring and Autumn In the Spring begins the solemnity the day of the Conception of our Lord and in Autumn the day of the birth of our Lady and each solemnity continues for 3. Moneths wherein each day the house of Loreto is repaired to by great multitudes of people the greater part whereof go in companies with their Ensignes having carryed before them a Crucifix with the Images of Saints Every Company hath its own governors Priests who sing the Donatives offered follow which are of more or lesse valew according to the quality of the Persons and their Devotions which method of going singing praiers praises to God excites great piety in the Pilgrims and people who follow though not in order in infinite multitudes When at a distance the Companies begin to see the Church which is seated on a hill above the Fields they internally are moved to devotion and cast themselves upon the ground weeping for joy saluting the Mother of God and then pursue their journey some renting their garments and putting on sackcloth others beating themselves and being beaten by others with many stripes on the nakedshoulders In the mean time the Priests of Loreto go to meet these Companies introducing them into the Church with solemn musick Trumpets and Bells when they approach the dore the Companies again fall flat on the ground saluting the Virgin from the bottome of their hearts with such zeal that the beholders are moved to tears Arrived at the Chamber of the Virgin which shines most clear by the many lights brought in their hands they contemplate the Effigies of the Madonna with such Piety Tears Sighs and humility as is wonderfull and many affix them selves so much to consider the place and Actions which the Mother of Christ there performed that were they not driven out by other companies who overtake them they would never remove thence but such as come from far Countreys not being able to preserve the order of Companies resort thither in the best manner they can the most part if not all communicate there and leave their offerings at the Altar but the most precious offerings are consigned to the deputies whose charge is to set them and the givers names down in a Book for perpetual remembrance The Altar erected by the Apostles and the effigies of the Virgin Mary are alwaies clothed from time to time with sumptuous garments aud ornaments of great valew both in Gold and Jemms The Church is alwaies full with wax lights and Lamps burning resounding with musick and Organs but what more imports t is filled with the Spirit of God which terrifies the bad rejoices the good heals the infirm and works stupendious miracles The number of the Pilgrims at Easter useth to be 12000. and at the Penticost and nativity of the Virgin not much inferiour if not more there hath been the day of the said Nativity in our times and the day following above two hundred thousand Persons which hath necessitated the intendents to make a rail round about the Cel whereby to exclude and admit whom they think fit that they may not be opprest by Multitude Moreover because in all times the Companies of Souldiers intending for the Wars resort thither first to confess and communicate the Road is so well accommodated with Inns and houses of Reception that any Person though delicate and weak may make the journey on foot besides that the continual concourse of fresh companies to and fro renders the way less heavy this convenience invited M. Antonio Colonna not to speak of others a famous rich and great Commander to take that Journey on foot These Companies having seen the countenance of the Virgin rejoyce spiritually and commonly acknowlege they have gathered great benefit from the Pilgrimage though difficult Were it not too long difficult t were worth ones pains to recount the vowes there made and rendred to God how many there escape out of the mire of Sin how many are there loosed from the intricate tyes of carnal and forbidden pleasures how many there lay down their hatred and old envy how many men almost desperate to do more good and bound already to the Gates of hell by compact between them and the Divel yet there deliver themselves from the Enemy and recover a state of Salvation finally as the Soul is more pretious than the Body so the Miracles of the blessed Virgin of Loreto wrought for the Soul are more than those that are for the Body so that to discourse more at large the things touched here were a desire to measure and confine the divine power by humane frailty Which to avoid t is better to let it alone than undertaking it to rest unsatisfied and although for the most part Fame surpasseth the thing spoken of yet whoever hath seen Loreto must confess Fame could not speak so much of it and its glory as he there saw and contemplated The remarkable and wonderfull Site of the House of LORETO T Is credibly reported that the house of the blessed Virgin leaving of its own accord Galilea first went into Dolmatia and there stopped in a Wood of Marchiano whence it went into a Mountain belonging to two Brothers who were at discord but to remain there for a time God having determinated that it should stay where now it stands and we hope will ever continue if some sins of the adjcent People make not the place unworthy and t is presumed
brought in the head of Saint Iohn Baptist to her Mother In the same Church lies the body of S. Siri or rather Sylus the third Bishop of this City under the high altar with this Epitaph Hic recubat Sylus sacro baptismate dictus Cujus terra levis Florida menbra premi wherewith this Book concludes the end of the first Book THE HISTORY OF ITALY BEING A Compendious DESCRIPTION OF ROME THE Mistress of the WORLD with an Account of all particulars therein worth Observation as well Divine as Humane The Second PART Ammianus Marcellinus in the 14th Book of his History speaks after this manner of ROME T is not a little wonder that Virtue and Fortune whom the world conclude almost at perpetual discord should accord together in that instant of time when Rome for its agrandizing had so much need of their united force By which their conjoyned strengths Rome augmented her Empire to that Greatness that she subjugated the whole World T is worth considering the Paralell between her and a Childe Who in its first Infancy creeps when she began to be built and peopled then it acquires vigour strength for Adolescential Exercises so she then warred only with her neighbours but when arrived to more full strength is employed in Manly disputes So she when arived to be 300. yeers old and increased both in vigour and People began to pass Mountains and Seas pursuing Warr into the farthest Countreys where she obtained and brought home innumerable Victories and Triumphs from the Barbarous and wilde Nations In the end having made infinite noble Attempts and acquired whatever upon Earth through Valour was to be obtained as t were arrived to mature Age she begun to acquiesce whereby the better to enjoy those good benefits and Advantages which she had then provided for Comitting the Troubles of Government to the Emperors as to her Natural Children for her better and more pleasing repose At which time although the People participated of that publique Ease and Profit and the Souldiery moved not for her further advancement yet such was the Care of her Greatness that the Roman Majesty was no less Reverenced than feared Virgil in praise of Rome wrote these Verses Ipse Lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus Romulus Assaraci quem sanguinis Ilia Mater Eduxit genti Mavortia condidit olim Maenia Romanosque suo de nomine dixit Illius auspiciis rerum pulcherrima Roma Imperium terris animos aequavit Olimpo Septemque una sibi muro circumdedit Arces Felix prole virûm qualis Berecinthia Mater Invehitur curru Phrygias turrita per Urbes Laeta Deûm partu centum complexa ne potes Omnes caelicolas omnes supera alta tenentes Hanc olim Indiginae Fauni Nimphaeque tenebant Gensque virûm truncis duro robore nata Quae duo disjectis tenuerunt oppida muris Hanc Ianus pater hanc Saturnus condidit Urbem Ianiculum Huic illi fuerat Saturnia nomen And Ovid surnamed Naso composed these of Rome Crescendo formam mutavit Martia Roma Appenini genae quae proxima Tibridis undis Mole sub ingenti posuit fundamina rerum Quanta nec est nec erit nec visa prioribus annis Hanc alii proceres per saecula longa potentem Sed dominam rerum de Sanguine natus Iuli Effecit quo quum tellus fuit usa fruuntur AEthereae sedes caelumque â—…it exitus illi Who saith also in another place Hîc ubi nunc Roma est olim fuit arduasylva Tan taque res paâ—…cis pascua bobus erat In another Gentibus est aliis tellus data limite certo Romanae spatium est urbis orbis idem Divers other testimonies and Declarations of the Magnificence of Rome were writ by Ausonius Claudianus Rutilius Numantianus old Authors and by Iulius Caesar Scaliger Faustus Sabeus a Brescian and other modern writers which for brevity sake are here omitted but without comitting an unpardonable fault we must not leave out these elegant verses of Marcus Antonius Flaminius viz. Antiquum revocat decus Divûm Roma domus caput Urbium Vertex nobilis Imper I Mater magnanimûm Roma Quiritium Fortunata per Oppida Cornu fundit opes â—…opia divite Virtuti suus est honos Et legum timor prisca redit fides Nor these of M. Valerius Martialis Terrarum Dea gentiumque Roma Cui par est nihil nihil secundum The praise of ROME written by STEFANO PIGHIO ROME the Glorious is replenisht with stupendious Structures as well publique appertaining to the Popes as private belonging to Cardinals and Princes who at this time frequent that City The Gardens behind the Vatican called Belvedere from their beauty and pleasantness are no less estimable In which Pope Sistus quartus erected a noble Palace without regard to his expence soe it might be excellently carved painted guilt and embellish't with rare figures thereby to make it a Kingly Receptacle for entertainment of such eminent Princes and Lords as should repair to Rome Before the Front of that Pallace where the Pope resides is a most stately Porticue composed in the form of a Theater raised some steps above the Earth and garnished with many marble Statues and on the western part is another Porticue which stands between the one and the other Palace Belveder being near the Popes Palace and will be when finish't according to the design a most stately Piece and of great value But of greater wonder are those footsteps and marks of old Rome which seem rather the works of Gyants than of ordinary men although compared to what t was much inferiour by the great fallings and decayes of Towers and Walls in divers places where stood formerly publique Edifices Martial in most elegant Verse sets the Theater of Titus Vespacian before the seaven wonders of the World and not unworthily since to this day it creates admiration in all judicious Men by its prodigious Structure Who admires not the Pantheon or the Circalean Dioclesian and Constantinian Baths which Fabricks are built with rare art and so great that they seem Castles and Towns Or the vast number of Arches Triumphals Collumns Sculptures of whole Armies figured to the Life Pyramids and Obelisks of so vast bigness that who would transport one of them must build a ship large and strong enough to float and sail laden with a Mountain What shall we say of the great entire Statues of the Castori on Horseback of the great bodies of Rivers prostrate on the ground of so many brass Statues and Vessels capacious to bath in or of those Marble Tablets and Pillars with hundreds of other excellencies Each of which are worthy of and would fill up a particular volume if worthily described The Gardens of Belvedere contain some Statues of white Marble far bigger than the body of a Man as of Apollo of Hercules of Venus of Mercury of the Genius of the Prince thought by some to be of Anthony of Adrian the
Emperor of a Nymph leaning near a River judged by some to be Cleopatra and of Laocoon the Trojan with his two Sons enveloped in the twistings of the Serpents a piecemuch applauded by Pliny cut out of one entire Stone which that it might receive as excelling shapes and forms as could be carved by industry or Art Agesandro Polidoro and Asenodoro three rare Rodian Sculptors applyed their joynt Industry study pains This curious Sculpture was preserved by miracle of Fortune at the destruction of the Palace of Titus Vespasian the Emperour as also of the River Tevere or Tyber with the Wolâ—…e giving suck to Romulus and Remus carved out of one tire Stone and likewise the great Nilus leaning on a Sphinx on the heigth whereof stand sixteen Children denoting the sixteen Cubits of the increase of that River observed by the AEgyptians and every one of those Children is in such manner figured that it excellently describes the effect which at that rise and increase it wrought on the Land of AEgypt sa for example the sixteenth Child is placed upon a shoulder of the River with a basket of flowers and fruits upon its head and this Child signifies that the increase of the River to the sixteenth Cubit enriches the Earth to the production of great plenty of Fruit and brings gladness to it The 15th signifies that all is secure and well and the 14th brings joyfulness but all the other increases under 14. are unhappy and miserable as Pliny observes in the ninth Chapter of his fifth Book of Natural Histories and moreover some Creatures which are only proper to that Countrey with its plants called Calamo a Cane Colo Cassia AEgyptian Bean and Papiro called Papir Reed whereof they were wont to make great leaves to write on thereof was the first paper made thence as is supposed was that name borrowed which are no where to be found out of AEgypt no more than the Monsters to wit Hippotami or the Sea Horse whose Feet are like an Ox back and mayn like a Horse tusks like a Boar with a long winding tayl Ichneumoni the Indian or AEgyptian Ratt whose property is to creep into the Crocodiles Mouth when he gapeth to eat his Bowels and so kill him Trochili a Sea-foul friend to the Crocodil somewhat like to a wagtail or Sea Wood cock Ibidi the black stork a Bird in AEgypt which hath stiff Leggs and a long Bill wherewith when its sick it administreth it self a Glister of Sea Water Sciachi Land Crocodiles Crocodrili Sea Crocodiles which can only move the upper Jaw or Chaps And also the pourtraits of the Terrositi a generation of Pigmies or dwarfs incessant Men perpetual Enemies of the Crocodiles whereof Pliny in the 25th Chapter of his eighth Book of Natural Histories treats at large together with many other singular Statues in the said gardens of Belvedere which when seen thorowly examined and understood by intelligent Persons yeeld them great delight and satisfaction In the Bâ—…th of Pope Pius the 4th is a work of great esteem being an Ocean cut out of the fairest Marble The Antients thought the Ocean to be Prince of the Waters and Father of all things a Friend to Prometheus And that by means of the humidity and liquidness of the Waters all things seem to generate from Seeds with the assistance of the Heavens therefore they believed that every thing received Life from Water with the favourable friendship of the temperat Genius of the Caelestial Bodies This figure hath the Body covered with a thin vail whereby they would signifie that the Sea shrouds the Heavens with Clouds of its own vapours meaning by the Sea the whole generation of waters and they denote the Earths being covered with plants by the Hairs beard and ordinary skinns beingall figured by the leaves of divers tender Plants It hath two horns placed upon the Forehead First because the Sea provoked by the winds roars like a Bull and secondly because the Sea is governed by the Moons motion which they called Cornuta thirdly because the Sea is called Father of Fountains and Rivers which they figured Cornuti or horned In its right hand is put the Rudder of a Ship in token that the Waters by means of the Ships being guided by these Rudders are furrowed as best likes the Pilot of which Comodity they feigned Prometheus to be the Inventor they have placed it upon a Maritine Monster to demonstrate that the Sea is generator of many wonderfull Monsters One of which to the purpose is seen in Rome in the Antique marble sphere of Atlas placed among the celestial signes upon this very occasion T is said that Andromada contending for beauty with the Nymphs of the Sea being overcome was by them given to this Monster which devoured her out of whose body slain on the shore of Perseus who would have saved that Virgin there issued so much blood that it dyed the Sea red whence that Sea was afterwards called Citreo or the Red Sea for all which the Citreo is not that gulfe which is vulgarly called the red Sea but is that part of the Ocean affianced to the Gulph which washes Arabia on the South but now to our relation of Rome The first and cheif part whereof to be visited through devotion are the 7. principal Churches and then the others in their order wherein are preserved infinite reliques of Saints and some remarkable Ones of the holy Jesus our Lord and Saviour as the the Towel of Santa Veronica with the effigies of Christ the Speer of Longinus wherewith he was run into the Breast One of those Nayls wherewith our Lord was nayled to the Cross. One of those thirty pence which as the price of Treason were given to Iudas the Traitor by the wicked Jews all which you are obliged particularly to search out as exceeding singularities not elsewhere to be found Of ROME the Old and ROME the New and of its admirable Excellencies ROME formerly the Empress of the World cannot be enough praised Her power was so great her Riches so immense her subjects so innumerable her Territories and Dominions so vast That well might Saint Hierome in his three wishes for intermixing that concerning her with so divine things be pardonable which three wishes were To have seen our Saviour in the flesh to have heard Saint Paul preach and to have seen Rome in her Glory which had so spread her self over the whole Earth that a perfect Idea of her cannot be comprehended and must needs have been the happiest sight that mortal eye could attain to But when considered what she was and how since devoured by fire by the insatiable Nero and how pillaged sacked and thousands of mischiefs done her by the Barbarous at the decay of the Roman Empire One may well wonder how the new Rome should be even emulous to exceed the Old Being at this day the Queen of Cities the Flower of Italy and as one may say an Epitome of the whole Earth
French San Giacomo for the Spaniards San Tomaso for the English San Pietro for the Hungarians Santa Brigida for the Swedes San Giovanni and San Andrea for the Dutch San Giovanni Battista for the Florentines San Giovanni Battista near the Banks of the Tyber for the Genâ—…veses instituted â—…nd endowed by Media dusto Cicala besides many houses both for poor and Orfanes of which no particular Catalogue is set down least filling the volume with the less conside rable we leave not space for the more observable things in Rome In the Popes Palace called the Vatican are the Libraries The one contains selected choice books alwaies shut up The other two filled with Latin and Greek Books written by the Pen in parchment are as much open and free to any students for two hours in the day which were furnished by Pope Nicholas the 5th And now there is a new one collected by Pope Sistus the 5th The Inscriptions Pictures and Verses of which were made publique by the judicious Pen of Angelo Rocca Bishop of Tagasta Some other Libraries in Rome are worthy notice to wit that of Santa Maria del Popolo Of Santa Maria soprala Minerva Of Santo Agostino of Vallicola of Saint Andrea and of the Jesuists Colledge besides three others which at the siege and sacking of Rome were robbed or burnt The Popes Gardens where Persons of Quality have free ingress together with the houses and Gardens of the Cardinals and other noble Persons of Rome yeeld ample solace aud recreation to the Lovers of Antiquity by their great varieties in those particulars These Pallaces omitting many others deserve a serious and timely visit to wit that of the Family of the Conservadori nel Campi doglio of the Massini of the Busali of the Rucellai of the Furnesi of the Colonne the Mattei Cevoli and Borghesi together with the Pallace Latterenense royally repaired by Pope Sistus the 5th The City Rome was antiently divided into nineteen Praecincts or Wards whereof at present remain but these 14. de Monti della Colanna del Ponte del Arenula della Rogola della Pigna del Capitello di Transtevere di ..... del Campo Martio di Sant Eustachio di Sant Angelo della Ripa del Borgo The six stones Bridges built over the Tevere or Tyber are these Ponte Molle or Milvio two miles distant from the City without the Porta del 〈◊〉 Ponte Angelo or Elio antiently Ponte Gianiculese built by Pope Sistus Ponte Saint Bartolemeo or Costio Ponte Maria Egittiaca or Palatino and Ponte dei quatro Capi formerly called Fabritio when also there was one more called Sublicio whose Pyles are yet to be seen near the Aventine hills and another called Triumfale whose pyles appear at San Spirito The Waters wherewith the City is supplyed are these L'acqua virgine which runs through the Campo Martio the work of Pope Nicholas the 5th l'Alsietina restored by Innocent the 8th for the Vatican La Salonia canducted at the cost of Pius the 4th besides which many others waters were conveyed by Gregory the 13th by others in antient times The Piazzaes in Rome are many but those of most note at this day are La Piazza Vaticana La Navona La Giudea and La Fiore The new Porticues or open Galleries which are the chief are three viz That della Benedittione That in the Vatican Palace fronting the Piazza and the Cerridore towards Belvedere The Piazza or market place for Fish stands now where in former time it was That for the Hoggs Oxen Cows Sheep c. where antiently was the Foro Romano The Bakers have four Piazzaes and conjoyned with them are the Shambles in the Piazza Novaâ—…a every Wednesday is held a great Market The Hills are very little inhabited the ruines of old structure rendring the Ayr so unwholsome as to be only fit for Gardens or Vineyards not dwelling Houses Pope Sistus the 5th caused many fair streets to be drawn by a Line The residing Palace of the Pope stands contiguous with the Church of Saint Pietro wherein are contained many stupendious things as the Chapel of Pope Sistus the Paulina replenisht with the excellent pictures of Michael Angelo Bonarota a Florentine so compleat perfect and exact that t were the glory of this age to find a modern Painter could approach then in art or Similitude Besides which his Holiness hath Retreats for the Summer as one near San Marco another near Santa Maria Maggiore a third near the Fontana de Trevi but the most favoured and therefore most ordinary retirement is Monte Cavallo heretofore called Quirinale The Palaces of the Cardinals are disperst up and down the City as aforesaid The houses of the Citizens are not despicable either in Structure Antiquities Pictures and other noble Houshouldstuff or Fountains The Castle Saint Angelo or Mole d'Adriano is a fair strong Cittadel alwaies furnished with all warlike provisions Herein they solemâ—…ize great Feasts and Holy dayes three times in the yeer with the discharging of all the great Guns and Fireworks To wit on the Festival day of San Pietro Paolo the second is celebrated annually on the day whereon the immediate Pope is selected to the Pontifical Chair the third on the day the said immediat Pope is crowned The Guard of which Castle is committed to some Person of Quality who is understood to have compleated his Charge and Government at 7 yeers end and is then comonly rewarded with a Cardinals â—…ap or some thousands of Crowns The Aqueducts of the old Romans with their conserves for waters were many but that of Acqua Claûdia was composed with so much Art and at so vast expence that but only to repair and restore it to its antient form cost five hundred and sixty Talents besides which there was l'acqua Martia Aless andrina Giulia Augusta Sabbatina Appia Traiana Tepula Alsietina di Mercurio della Virgine del'Aniene the old and Antoniane the new and others together with infinite Baths as le Anliane le Variane le Titiane le Gordiane le Novatiane le Agrippine le Alexandrine le Manliane le Dioclesiane le Deciane those Bathes appropriate to Trajan Philip Adrian Nero Severus Constantine Farnus Domitian and Probus with many others The Piazzaes also in those days were divers a Sla Romana that of the Pistory of Caesar of Nerva of Trajan of Augustus of Salustus of Dioclesian of Enobarbus and the Esquilina wiâ—…h those particularly used for Herbs Beasts Fish Sheep Hoggs Bakers for the Countrey market people and the Transitoria The Triumphal Arches which are most famous follow of Romulus of Claudius of Titus Vespasian of Constantine of Lucius Settimius Severus of Domitian of Trajan of Fabianus of Gordianus of Galienus of Tiberius Theodosius and Camillus The Amphitheatres named were these that of Stafilius Taurus of Claudius and that of Titus Vespasian which was capacious enough for one hundred and fifty thousand persons The Theatres these that of Scaurus Pompejus Marcellus Balbus and Caligula The Circi or
place for that they seigned their Gods would not give place to one another Thermes refusing it to Iupiter Now this Church is consecrated to the blessed Virgin and all the Saints T is a most noble Fabrick built by Vespatiaâ—…s Agrippa who was three times Consul as by the Inscription appears This by the most skilfull Artizans in Architecture and chiefly by Lodovicus Domontiorius in his book intitled Gallus Hospes in Urbe is held for an Idea Example and Pattern of true Architecture T is of a cross figure as broad as high the Roof was formerly covered with Sylver plates but Constantine the Nephew of Heraclius took them with the other ornaments of the City away instead whereof Martin the 7th overlayed it with Lead It hath but one window which is at the very top and admits as much light as is necessary in antient time it had 7 steps of Ascent into it now it hath eleven of descent a good argument to what heighth this City is raised by its ruines It s noble Porticue is sustained by four great pillars with beams and Gates of Brass The Great Altar is opposite to the Door On the wall appears the head of the Mother of God The ascent to the Top is by 100 steps Before the Church stands a great Vessel of Numidian Marble square at top but bellyed like a Bee-hive Near which were two Lyons with AEgyptian Letters and a round Vessel of the same Marble In it is the subsequent Epitaph of Tadeo Zaccaro a Pointer contemporary with Raphael d Urbino the Prince of the Painters of later Ages who we formerly said lyes buried in Santa Maria sopra Minerva Magna quod in magno timuit Raphâ—…ele per-aeque Thadaeo in magno pertimuit genitrix Santa Maria Scala Caeli without the Porta Ostiense where 10000 Persons were Martyred t is called Scala Caeli because St. Bernard there praying for the Souls of the dead had an appearance of a Ladder from the Earth to heaven upon which he saw some Souls ascend into Paradise Del Sole under Monte Tarpeio della Strada near the Portico Corinthio and the Campidoglio now denominated Del nome di Giesu A noble Church built by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese for the Jesuits wherein himself is interred In Transtevere Here in the time of Angustus gushed out in a common Inn a spring or source of Oyl which continued running for one whole day presaging that a short time after Christ the source and fountain of Mercy should be born Here was a Church built in honour of the Virgin Mary by St. Peter which by succeeding High Bishops was adorned with excellent Pictures and enriched divers times with gold and silver and encreased in bigness to what it now appears In it are the Sepulchres of Stanislao Bishop of Varma who was that Polack Cardinal Praefect of the Tridentine Councel and the scourge of the Hereticks Of Cardinal Campeggio and Altemps a man of great Dispatch Transportina in Borgo in old time the Temple of Adrian the Emperour wherein St. Peter and St Paul were scourged In Via Lata the Church of the Fathers Servients where under ground many Trophees and Triumphal Images have been found In it lyes buried Cardinal Vitellotio Vitelli Here St. Luke wrote the Acts of the Apostles Acta Apostolorum and this was the place where St. Paul prayed Del Trivio which Church was restored by Belisarius great Captain for Iustinian the Emperour as appears by an inscription on a stone here lyes Luigi Cornaro and others it appertains to the Padri Croicchieri the crutched Fryers Santa Maria in Vinea in the descent from Monte Tarpeio In Via delle Virgini amplifyed by Pietro Donato a Cardinal therein enterred where also San Philippo Nerio accounted one of the Saints of Pope Gregory the 15 his Family setled his order of Oratories which was a true School for well living Santa Maria Magdalena in the stree Colonna Between the Hill Santa Trinita and the Tyber Nel Quirinale where is a Monastery of Nuns governed by the Predicatory instituted by Maddalena Orsina San Mauro in the midst of the Jesuits Colledge Near this Church is an Obelisk which though small appears glorious through the Hierogliphicks carved on it here lies Pietro Giglio a great Schollar who dyed anno 1555 whose Tombe Georgio Cardinal of Armignac caused to be built as to his familiar friend San Marcello nella Via Lata was a Temple of Isis in it are the Fryers Servients in it are buried the Cardinals Mercurio Dandino and Bonuccio San Marco wherein lies Francesco Pisani a Venetian Cardinal San Martino of the Carmelites in Monte Esquilino where Cardinal Diomede Caraffa is buried Santa Martina in the Foro Romano antiently a Temple of Mars Ultor Santa Margarita at the Foot of the Esquilino San Matteo in Esquilino possessed now by the Austin Fryers but formerly by the crutched Fryers which Church is supposed to be the house of their first Founder Saint Cletus the first Pope for that t is seated in the Borgo Patritio where he was born which having consecrated he gave to his Disciples and Children for the service of God San Michael in Borgo Santi Nereo Archielo near the Baths of Antonius formerly a Temple of Isis in the Via Appia San Nicolo in Agone In Archemoni Acapole Cose Degli Arcioni In Carcere a Ripa formerly the publique prison In Calcaria near which was the Portico Corinthio Sant ' Onofrio in Gianicolo where lyes Cardinal Madruccio who dyed the day of his creation Cardinal Lodovico Madruzzi Nephew of the first Cardinal Sega a Bolonian and Tasso the excellent Poet San Pancratio in Gianicolo wherein is a Pulpit of neat fair porphyr underneath it are Grottos filled with the bodies of Martyrs Herein lies Cardinal Dersonese and near it was slain Bourbon the enemy of God San Pantaleone in Sebucca formerly a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Tellus and to Pasquinus San'Paolo in Regola in the street Harenula San Pietro Marcellino heretofore the Temple of Quietas San Pietro in carcere This was the Tulliane prison whereof Salust makes mention in Catalines conspiracy Diodate in the Via Piamense Montorio in the Gianicolo A fair Church and well adorned wherein is the fair Chapel of Bradamante endowed by Ferdinand King of Spain near it stands a Convent of Observants of Saint Francis Order of this society died anno 1597 Fryer Angelo a learned Spaniard who wrote a great Volume upon the Symbol or Creed of the twelve Apostles In it are several pieces of Raphael d'Urbino and Sebastiano Venetiano two famous Painters and several Tombs San Pietro Domine quo vadis in the Via appia Rotonda this Church was so called because Saint Peter flying persecution Christ appeared to him of whom Saint Peter demanded whither he was going in these words Domine quo vadis to whom Christ answered I am going to Rome that I may there be once more crucified from which words St. Peter took courage and
are steered by Ostia into the City besides in antient time in the Naumachia they oâ—…ten presented certain Warlike and Naval sports for the Solace of the Princes and multitude The Ponte Aurelio or Gianicolo conjoins the part Transteverina or beyond the Tyber to the City but being broken in the civil War 't was afterwards called Ponte Rotto At last being râ—…edisied by Sixtus the 4th to that magnificence it now appears in it took the name of Ponte Sixto In the midst of the Naumachia rise the reliques of the Ponte Sublicio upon which Horatius alone in the War against the Tuscans sustained the assaults of the Enemies till such time as the Romans could break down the said Bridge near the Gate by which means the Enemies were obstructed in their hoped for entrance into the City AEmilius Lepidus caused it aâ—…terwards to be built of stone From a top this Bridge the Emperour Heliogabulus the Monster of Nature and Mankind having a stone hung abont his Neck was cast down into the Tyber Near hereunto ly the Fields Mutii given to Mutius Scaevola by the publick for the noble Act he performed in the presence of Porsenna King of the Tuscans At the Port of Ripa Leon the 4th built two Towers to hinder the inroads of the Sarazens who often by Ostia run up the Tyber Then Borgo was called Citta Leonina Alexander the 4th named it Borgia and added to it good increase of all things L'Isola Tiberina is believed to have rise and beginning in the time of Tarquin the proud t is not very bâ—…oad but a quarter of a mile long and was consecrated to AEsculapius In it is at this day a Church dedicated to San Bartolomeo At the point of the Island you may see the form of that Ship wherein the Serpent Epidaurus was conveighed into the City which form was sometime since exposed to view by the inundation of the Tyber In the gardens of Cardinal Farnezeâ—… beyond the Tyber are divers Venuses of the whitest Marble and several Pyles on which are figured Men Lyons Women the nine Muses Satyrs and other things and a broken pillar with a Greek inscription very memorable which was brought from Tivoli The Bridge Cescio or Esquilino conjoines the part beyond the Tyber to the Island t was built by Valentianus and Valens Emperors and is now called Ponte Saint Bartolomeo from that Church which stands in the Island contiguous with it In the same Island stands the Church of San Giovanni Battista which formerly was the Temple of Iupiter and in the uppermost part of it yet appear the ruines of a Temple of Faunus which was reduced to that sad condition by the Inundation of the River The Bridge Fabricio called also Tarpeio connexeth the Island with the City passing through the midst of Marcellus his Theatre t is at this time called Ponte dà i quatro capi from certain statues theâ—…e reared each of which hath four faces and heads The Theatre of Marcellus was built by Augustus Caesar at the Bridge Fabricio in honour of Marcellus the Son of his Sister Octavia capacious for eighty thousand persons to which structure that she might add the more lustre as in remembrance of her said Son Marcellus the said Octavia complea ted a most admirable well furnished Library of Books of all sorts and sciences This Theatre the House of Saevelli at present possess The said Augustus raised also the Banqueting house called Octavio in honour of his said Sister Octavia part whereof yet is on foot in the midst of the said Theatre where are some shops of Goldsmiths now but was formerly much more beautified by many rare statues as among others with a Satyr the work of Prasitelle the nine Muses of Timarchide and the Image of Iuno now placed in the Mansion of Iulius the third in the Via Flaminia Caesar Germanicus illustrated the said Banqueting House with the addition of a stately Temple dedicated to Speranza and Hope towards the Piaza Montanara to which was conjoined the Temple of Aurora much renowned among the Antients the very Footsteps whereof time and misfortune have razed out The House of Savelli in the Theatre of Marcellus possess a most rare piece being a Lyon cut in Marble with three Men Armed and prepared to fight him together with many other Marble Tablets And a garden very delicious wherein are several Pyles whereon the Labours of Hercules are engraven and divers Statues of Men and pieces of Mercury San Nicolo in Carcere formerly was the Prison for the common people but for that a Daughter expressed so much Piety to her Father there bound in chains as to nourish him many dayes with the milk from her own breasts Attilia Gabrione raised there a Temple dedicating it to Piety Santo Andrea in Mentuzza was in old times a Temple consecrated to Iuno Matura by Cornelius the Consul under the Campidoglio You may see the broken Bridge of Santa Maria Transteverina or AEgittiaca so named from the Neighbouring Church which was formerly called Ponte Senatorio and Palatino for that the Senators passed over that Bridge in religious manner to the Ianicolo to consult the Books of the Sybills and thence returned to the Court of the Emperours The House of Pilat placed near the Ponte Senatorio fabulously by the Vulgar if we make a narrower inspection and contemplate the most high ruine there appearing must needs have been the Sudatoria Laconica or hot Baths The Foro Olitorio is the Piazza Montonora where Evander erected an Altar in honour of Nicostrata Carmenta his mother The Church of Sancta Maria AEgittiaca formerly the Temple of Fortuna Virilis remains almost intire and unblemished having a long row of high Pillars on both sides Some report it to have been consecrated to Pudicitia Matronalis and that therein was the Bucca Veritatis which is esteemed a fabulous story and that ample round porphyr stone standing before the Greek Schools which they say was the Bucca veritatis conld be applyed to no other use then for a Chanel or receipt of waters as in divers other stones of the like form up and down the City used to the like occasions is most plainly apparent In the house of the Serlupi in the Fishstreet they shew a most compleat piece being the head of the Emperour Vespasian as big as a Gyants cut in white Marble In the next house appertaining to the Delfini are the heads of Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius of Bacchus of a Child laughing and of six others with some Urns and stones with remarkable inscriptions Of the place where the Asylum or sanctuary for refuge stood there is no Certainty because some place it in this part others in the Campidoglio wherefore no ampler account can be given of it upon a certain foundation San Stephano Rotondo which denomination it borrowed from the form of the Fabrick stands by Santa Maria AEgittiaca 't was built by Numa Pompilius and consecrated to Vesta t is sustained on every part by Corinthian
Cemeterio Cardino in the Via Latina That tra'due Lauri at S. Helena That of S. Ciriaco in the Via Ostiense But we must observe that Astolfo King of the Longobardi tearing up out of the earth about Rome the bodies of many Saints destroyed also their Cemeterii or burying places and that the Popes Paolo and Paschale reposed within the City in the Churches of S Stefano S. Silvestro and S Prascede many bodies of Saints then lying in those Cemeterii which were ruinated and layed wast And that the Christians were buried in the Cemeterii within Tombes and Sepulchres of Marble or of brick and of those Sepulchres some were hereditary others bestowed in gift and that at last places were assigned particularly for the Sepulture of Christians to wit Church-yards c. The Roman fixed stations granted by several Popes to divers Churches of Saints with great priviledges and Indulgencies THe first Sunday of the Advent is celebrated at Santa Maria Maggiore The second at S. Croce di Jerusalem The third at S. Pietro The Wednesday of that season at St. Maria Maggiore The Fryday at the Dodeci Apostoli The Saturday at S. Pietro The Vigils of the Nativity at S. Maria Maggiore In the first Mass of the Nativity at Santa Maria Maggiore al Presepio In the second Mass at S. Anastasia In the the third at S. Maria Maggiore On St. Stephens day at S. Stefano nel Monte Celio On St. John the Apostles day at S. Maria Maggiore The Feast of the Innocents at S. Paolo The day of the Circumcision of our Lord at Santa Maria beyond the Tyber The day of the Epiphany or Twelfe day after Christmass at S. Pietro The Septuagessima Sunday at S. Lorenzo without the Walls The Sexagessima Sunday at S. Paolo The Quinquagessima at Santo Pietro The first day of the Quadragessima or Lent at Santa Sabina The second at S. Gregorio The third at San Giovanni and Paolo The Saturday at S. Trisone The first Sunday of Lent at S. Giovanni Laterano The Munday at San Pietro in Vincola The Tuesday at Santa Anastasia The Wednesday at Santa Maria Maggiore The Thursday of Lent at S. Lorenzo in Panisperna The Fryday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli The Satturdey at Santo Pietro The second Sunday of Lent at S. Maria in Domenica The Munday at San Clemente The Tuesday at Santa Sabina The Wednesday at Santa Cecilia The Thursday at Santa Maria in Transtevere The Friday at San Vitale The Satturday at the Santi Marcellino and Pietro The third Sunday of Lent at S. Lorenzo without the Walls The Munday at San Marco The Tuesday at Santa Potentiana The Wednesday at San Sisto The Thursday at the Santi Cosmo and Damiano The Fridry at S Lorenzo in Lucina The Saturday at Santi Susanna The Fourth Sunday of Lent at Santa Croce in Jerusalem The Munday at the Santi quatro Coronati The Tuesday at San Lorenzo in Damaso The Wednesday at San Paolo The Thursday at the Santi Silvestro and Martino The Friday at Santo Eusebio The Satturday at San Nicolo in Carcere The fifth Sunday in Lent called the Passion Sunday at San Pietro The Munday at San Grisogono The Tuesday at San Quirico The Wednesday at Santo Marcello The Thursday at Santo Apollinare The Friday at S. Stephano in Monte Celio The Satturday at San Giovanni before the Porta Latina The Palme Sunday at San Giovanni Laterano The Munday at San Prascede The Tuesday at Santa Prisca The Wednesday at Santa Prisca The holy Thursday at San Giovanni Laterano The good Fryday called Parasceve at Santa Croce in Hierusalem The Satturday at San Giovanni Laterano Easter day or the Sunday of the Resurrection of our Lord at Santa Maria Maggiore The Munday at San Pietro The Tuesday at San Paolo The Wednesday at San Lorenzo without the Walls The thursday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli The Friday at Santa Maria Rotonda The Saturday before the Octave called Sabato in Albis at San Giovanni Laterano The Sunday of the Octave from Easter day called Domenica in Albis at San Pancratio The Feast of the Ascention at San Pietro The Vigil of the Pentecost at San Giovanni Laterano The Pentecost Sunday at San Pietro The Munday at San Pietro in Vincola The Tuesday at Santa Anastasia The Wednesday at Santa Maria Maggiore The Thursday at San Lorenzo without the Walls The Friday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli And the Saturday of this week of Penticost at San Pietro The Wednesday of the Feasts in September at Santa Maria Maggiore The Friday at the Dodeci Apostoli The Satturday at San Pietro Besides which there are other stations for every Feast of those Saints Apostles Martyrs Confessors or Virgines to whom any Church is dedicated in Rome and for the most part those Churches on the daies of their Feasts are visited with a multitude of People his S. himself often celebrating Masse or at least being then present atended by a great number of Cardinals and Prelates Of the Vatican Library of the Pope THe Vatican Library of the Pope is every day frequented by learned Men and meritoriously for that it is filled with the most antient books in all the Professions as well Greek Latine and Hebrew as other Languages writtten with the pen in Parchment And t is certainly to be admired that those Popes under so many disgraces negociations Foreign and civil Wars and sackings of Rome should still apply their chiefest study and pain in heaping together Books and preserving those collections Sixtus the 5th in our time beautified and aggrandized it wonderfully adjoining to it a noble Fabrick and causing most excellent pictures to be drawn about it Which Guglielmo Bianco a French Man praiseth in a singular Poem and Fryer Angelo Rocca by way of History treates of it diffusely As also Onofrio Panuino of the same Order Many great Scholars have only desired favour from the Pope as to publish an Index of the Greek and Latine Books extant in that Library that by this means recourse might be had to Rome from all parts both for the enlightning and correcting Authors who have been altogether unseen or are els printed full of errors This the noble City Augusta permitted and by that publique Index set forth in vited all to go thither for comparing the uncorrected for their amendment How many bookes have Francis the first and Henry the second Kings of France sent forth to light How many benefits have the Republique of Scholars had from the Grand Duke of Tuscanies Bibliotheque and how much more advantage would all the world receive from such an Index of the Pontifical Library which is of splendidly royal Other Libraries there are also in Rome as that of the Capitol That which appertained to the Cardinal Sirleto now to Cardinal Colonna valeued at 20000. Crownes That of the Family of Sforza and that of the Farnesi abounding with Greek Authors We pass by many Libraries of private persons no less replenished with rare Books as that of Fulvio
the Apostolick Sea into France with it carryed the said Library in the Laterano to Avignon in France which continued there about 120 yeers till the difference was appeased between the Catholicks Pope Martin the 5th caused the said Library to be reconveyed to Rome placing it in the Vatican where his S. had then chosen and setled his Residence where they were disposed confusedly without any order and a good part lost Whereto Sixtus the 4th having regard it appearing to him insupportable that so great a quantity of books should go to ruine through ill government he built a place on purpose for them adorning it by all possible means placing them methodically and adding such other Books as he could come by and ordered the Officers deputed to that end to govern them with diligence endowing it with a hundred Crowns a yeer in perpetuity being the donative which the Colledge of writers of the Pontifical Letters was used to make the Popes yeerly and this was bestowed on the Library Keepers for their diligence and pains This then is the Vatican Library filled with the most choise Books that could be had a great part written in parchment with the pen others printed and their number exceeds six thousand books Antiently the President of this Library was called Librario then Cancellario whose office was to collect with diligence not only the Books but also to copy the Bulls the Popes decrees the Acts and Constitutions of the Synods and to keep every thing exactly because it appeared convenient that the Cancellario or as he is now called the Secretary of the Pope should have the managing and preserving of the Books the Library being in those dayes as t were the Office of the Secretary or Chancery but in our times the Offices of the Chancery and of the Library are divided They used to elect Men of the greatest knowledge and of good life for Presidents of the Library as Anastasius in the Life of Pope Gregory the second relates which Gregory he saies was first President there who being sent to Constantinople by Pope Constantine to the Emperor Justinian the second and being questioned by him he answered learnedly and the Bibliothecary in the life of the said Gregory the second saies that he was from a boy brought up in the Lateranian palace and being made Deacon by Pope Sergius took upon him the charge of the Library at last Sixtus the 4th on the 10 day of July 1475. being the sixth of his Papacy created a perpetual Keeper to the Vatican Library investing him in that Office by his Bull. Bartolomeo Platina of Cremona the Apostolick writer and familiar of Sixtus the fourth was the first president to the Vatican Library for which service he had 10 Crowns per Month for his maintenance besides provision for his own Table with 3 servants and one horse and the ordinary Vails which the popes usually allowed to their Familiants as Wood Salt Oyl Vinegar Candles Brooms and other the like things Bartolomeo Manfredo a Bolonian Doctor of the Canons was by Sixtus the 4th annno 1481 in the 11th of his Popedome elected to that Charge in lieu of the deceased Platina This Manfredo was a Familiar acquaintance of the Popes and wonderfully learned And to add splendor to this Office the Pope ordained that the Presidents of the Library for the future should be the first Squires of the Roman Popes for ever and should receive the accustomed honors and profits first giving security to the Apostolick Chamber of ten thousand Duckats and taking an Oath to keep faithfully and diligently the Library After Manfredo these following were successively created Christophoro Persona a Roman Prior of Santa Balbina in anno 1484. Giovanni Gionisii a Venetian in anno 1487. A Spaniard who was Arch deacon of Barcellona in anno 1492. Possibly this was that Girolamo Paolo Cathalano Canon of Barcellona Doctor of both Laws who was Chamberlain of Alexander the sixth whose books set forth and communicated the Practise of the Roman Chancery printed anno 1493. being the second of the third Alexander Giovanni Fonsalia a Spaniard Bishop of Iteran in anno 1493. Volaterano Arch Bishop of Ragusa anno 1505. Tomaso Ingeranni or Fedra Volaterano anno 1510. Filippo Beroaldo a Bolonian 1516. Zenobio Azziaiolo a Florentine of the preaching order 1518. Girolamo Alexandro dell Mota Arch Bishop Brundusian Cardinal 1537. Augustino Stenco Eugubino Bishop of Chiama Marcello Cervino of Monte Pulciano Priest Cardinal of the holy cross in Jerusalem was created by Paul the third He would not accept the stipend nor the four sportule or Fees usually given to the Presidents of the Library but distributed those emoluments to the two Latin Correctors and to him whose charge was to find out and place the Books Roberto de Nobili of Monte Pulciano Dean Cardinal with the Title of Santa Maria in Dominica was created by Paul the fourth anno 1555. Alfonso Caraffa Dean Cardinal of Santa Maria in Dominica created by Paul the fourth Anno 1558. Marc Antonio Amulio Priest Cardinal a Venetian Anno 1565. Guglielmo Sirleto Priest Cardinal of Calabria the 20th day of May Anno 1582. Antonio Caraffa Priest Cardinal with the Title of San Giovanni and Paulo a Neapolitan Anno 1585. Guglielmo Alano Priest Cardinal an English man created by Clement the 8th Anno 1591. Marc Antonio Colonna Bishop Cardinal created by the same Clement Anno 1594. Antonio Saulio Priest Cardinal created by the same Clement Anno 1597. And because t was imposible for one single person to give sufficient attendance to the government of so many Books the same Sixtus the fourth gave to the President of the Library two other perpetual Keepers persons of good Faith and diligence to assist in that charge allowing to each 3 crowns salary per Moneth and his Dyet and the other abovenamed perquiâ—…its as also for one servant The first of which were Giovanni Caldelli a Clerk of Lyons and Pietro Demetrio of Luca who was Reader in the Popes common Hall created the 10th yeer of Sixtus his papacy the first the 29th of April the second the first of May. Demetrio being dead Julius the second the sixth of July in the eighth yeer of his Pontificacy created Lorenzo Parmenio priest of the Chamber This pope the 23d of August in the first yeer of of his Popedome granted a Load of Charcoals weekly to the said Keepers but now for the whole yeer is allowed but 24 Load only In the yeer 1535. Fausto Sabeo a Brescian Poet and Nicolo Magiorano Hidronteno succeeded these the latter of whom being created Bishop of Mancpoli him succeeded Guglielmo Sirleto and him his Brother Girolamo Sirleto Federigo Ronaldo Valnease being created prothonotary followed Sabeo and Marin Ronaldo Brother of the said Federigo succeeded to Girolamo Sirleto Furthermore the same Sixtus that nothing might be wanting to the compleating the splendor of the pontifical Library created three with the denomination of exquisite writers the one in
come near him as is recorded in the 34th Chapter of Exodus To return then to our subject The Persian Kings had a Crown to be worn on their heads which Zonara sets down in greek by its proper name which can neither be commodiously expressed either in Latin or vulgar tongue and it was a capital offence among the Persians for any one to put the Kings Crown upon his head as Dion Chrysostomus denotes in his first oration De libertate servitute Likewise the priests of the Gentiles wore a crown upon their heads for demonstration of that repute which appertained to the splendidness and maintenance of their Sacerdotal office whence the Antients were stupified at a suddain view of the great Priest of the Comani to whom as Strabo writes was granted the first honour next the King and to wear a Royal Crown Besides in Emesa a City of Phoenicia the Priests went clad with a long robe having a Crown of pretious stones of various colours in token of Majesty upon their heads Which Ornament Antoninus being made Emperor of the Romans by the multitude the Souldiery and the Priests of the Sun would not part with again as Herodianus in libro quinto clearly proves and so afterwards the Emperors of Constantinople triumphing elected this ornament which was called by a proper name as we read in the life of Basilius Porfirogenitus Triumphum duxit tiara tecta quam illi tuphum appellant although some modern Authors call it Calipora as saies Niceforus Gregorius in libro sexto Or Bishops then having two royal Dignities to wit the spiritual and temporal deservedly wear a double crown as Innocent the third in his third sermon De coronatione Pontificis confirms saying that the Popebears the Mitre in token of the spiritual power and the Crown in testimony of the Temporal both which are conferred upon him by God omnipotent King of Kings and Lord of Lords But let us examine a little whether the Mitre and the Crown are Ornaments adapted to the Ecclesiastical customs The mitre by Suidas is called the swathe or Fillet of the head bound about with gold and silver as Brissonius explains and Eusebius in his second book the first Chapter calls it a shelter with which Saint James the Apostle called the Brother of our Lord was suddainly adorned when by the Apostles he was chosen and consecrated Bishop of Jerusalem which Ornament although it took beginning with Aaron Priest of the Hebrew Law is nevertheless received into the Christian Church to the end that therewith the Bishops of all Nations may be adorned Policrates Ephesinus wore the Mitre as Eusebius in the 31st Chapter of the third Book relates as Priest of Ephesus and likewise the other Priests wore almost all the Ornaments of the antient Priests as the Robe and the Mitre that they might appear the more adorned and majestick saies Eusebius in his Book whereof Amalarius Rabanus and others the gravest Authors treat more amply What we have spoken touching the Mitre is without contradiction and is held for truth by the consent of many and sundry Nations but what is to be spoken touching a Kingdome and a Royal Crown is not so perspicuous to all wherefore to our best power we will endeavour to manifest the same Then first is to be observed that t is the common opinion of all that this sort of Ornament upon the head of the Pope had its original from the Emperor Constantine the Great as appears in the Acts of San Silvestre the Pope the same opinion is also embraced by all other Roman Bishops as by Leo the ninth in the 13. chapter of his Epistle against the presumption of Michaele and Innocent the third in his first Sermon of the blessed Silvester confirms That Constantine the great at his departure from Rome to Constantinople would have bestowed his own Crown upon San Silvester which he refused but in lieu thereof put a covering upon his head entirely circular and a little after Innocent follows in words to this sence And for this cause the Roman Bishop in testimony of Empire wears a Regal crown called in Latin Regnum and in testimony of his Pontificacy he wears a Mitre which is most convenient for him in all times and places universally because the spiritual power hath been ever esteemed for the Prior more worthy and more great then the Temporal And reason will yeeld that San Silvester would not wear that Crown but such a one as only covered the Temples in respect his head was shaven as the Popes ought to be Which shaving gave good reason that t was not decent to wear such a Diadem but rather that circular covering which he chose named properly Tiara Phrigia whereof Juvenal speaks in his sixth satyr saying Et Phrygia vestitur buca tiara Which Ornament may be supposed to be borrowed either from Phrygia or Phoenicia as we please because the Phrigians had their original from the Phoenicians And that this was given the Pope by the Emperor Constantine the great is most evident in the Acts of San Silvester where the Emperor reckons up those things that he had bestowed on the Pope and being come to this gives it the name Phrygium as t was its proper name but in respect t was not manifest to all what thing Phrygium denoted he explains himself in the sence by us set down saying et Phrygium nempe tegmen capitis sive Mitram This particular required so much explanation for that Theodorus Balsamones confounding the signification of Phrygium by joining it with the subsequent Lorum which imports a perfect different thing hath caused many to erre in beleeving that Phrygium and Lorum put together do denote Pallium the Cope which Arch Bishops wear by the concession of the highest Bishop But t is not convenient for us to dwell longer upon the dispute let the intelligent read the latin Itinerary in this place where they 'l meet an ample discourse upon the significations of these words Other authors will have that this Crown came not from Constantine but from Clodoveo as they labour to draw from Segeberto under the yeer of our Lord 550. who speaks to this sence Clodoveus the King received from Anastasius the Emperor the Codicils of the Consulacy a Crown of Gold with Jewels and the red garment and on that day he was called Consul and King but the same King sent to Saint Peter at Rome the Crown of Gold with the Jewels the Royal Ensigne which is called Regnum Armonius also confirms in his first book the 24th Chapter that from Clodoveus the Pope had the Crown and Anastasius the Library Keeper under Pope Hormisda testifies that Saint Peter received many gifts In whom I have read that in the yeer 776 that Philip the first Pope and Constantine the second Pope were both consecrated in San Peters Church but we must observe that the antient Authors under the word consecration understand also the ceremony of coronation for that when they
there and that to her was erected a Tombe and she there reverenced and annually adored with sacrifices â—…nder the Title of a Goddesse in form of a Bird. And we certainly know that therefore the Syrens were adored as Goddesses among the tutelary Gods the placeby the Campaâ—…i over all that tract of Magna Grecia and this in the flower of the Roman Empire I remember furthermore that many yeers since I saw in Naples the Syren carved together with Ebone and Sebeto tutelary Gods of the Neapolitans upon a round marble Altar which is now placed in the receptacle of the fountain water lying on the extremity of the Mole in the port of Naples besides which said opinions there are of those as Diodorus Siculus and Oppianus who hold that Naples was built by Hercules and Oppiâ—… in particular alluding to the name of the City in his poeme of hunting calls Naples the new Camp of Hercules In fine all writers concur in this that she is a most antient City and was famous before Rome flourishing among the most illustrious greek Cities of Italy for the Pythagorean philosophy Afterwards the Roman Empire spreading it self over Italy because she most forwardly submitted her self to it whilst they were in agitation to subject Campania the Romans received her among the other free and confederate Cities and Livy affirms as well as many other Authors that she from that time constantly continued her Friendship and observed that Faith which at the first she had given to the Romans Furthermore the affaires of the Republique being reduced to a bad state in the sixth yeer of the Câ—…rthaginian war she not only resolved not to withdraw it self from the Romans in despight of the near lying Capua and the other rebellious Cities but also as the said Livy relates sent Embassadors to Rome and by them would have presented as an Act of Liberality and Noblenesse to the Senate then in Court forty Goblets of Gold of great weight and therewith offered force riches and in sum all whatever their Ancestors had left them in aid assistance and defence of the Empire and City of Rome To which Embassadors then with all demonstration of courtesy were returned great thanks and only one of those Goblets retained and that also weighed the least of them wherefore for her great and constant fidelity was she ever esteemed held and honoured among the free and Confederate Cities of Italy as well in the times of the Consuls as under the Emperors she Capua being opprest subdued and reduced to the servitude of the Praefectura augmented sufficiently and most happily enjoyed for a long time the fruits of her fidelity Hither as Strâ—…bo instructâ—…us the youth to intend their studies and many ancient men to enjoy quiet and tranquility of mind were wont to retire themselves from Rome as to the purpose Silius Italicus and before him Horatins Flacâ—…us to the same sung saying Nunc nidles urbi ritus atque hospita Musis Otia exemptum curis gravioribus aeuum Italy affords not a place enjoying so milde and benigne a heaven as Naples having a double spring yeerly in flowers which the surrounding Fields produce plentifully as also great variety of Fruits and those the most prized participating no small quantity of fountains and springs and of healthfull and good waters to say no more t is scarce to be believed a natural thing but wonderfull how infinite is their abundance and therefore with good reason may she be called the Paradise of Italy which particulars have chiefly been the inviting argument for so many Emperours Kings Princes and ingenuous Persons to make their frequent applications and residence here and to this day t is reckoned the third City of Italy and the delights which nature hath allowed this place are so great that meritoriously is she stuft with so many proud Palaces and stately houses of Princes and other Grandees who reside in them the most part of the yeer T is most perspicuous and known to all that Titus Livius the Padouan Historian Q. Horatius Flaccus Statius Papinius Claudins Claudianus all famous Poets Annius Seneca the Philosopher and infinite others who have rendred themselves immortal by their wits and learned writings retired to Naples for their better and more due attention to their studies We read furthermore that P. Virgilius Maro lived most sweetly for a long space in Naples and there composed his Georgicks as at the end of his fourth book may be collected Illo Virgilium me tempore dulcis alebat Parthenope studiis florentem ignobilis ori He dying in Brindesi commanded that his body should be hither conveighed and buried in Naples as we learn from divers testimonies of old Poets Servius his Comentator writes that Virgils Sepulchre lies two miles distant from Naples in the way of Pozznolo near the gurge of that subterranean cave the famous Grot under Pausilipus now the Inhabitants shew the place in the gardens of San Severinus over the door of the garden is this inscription Maronis Urnam Cum adjacente Monticulo extensaque ad Cryptam Planitie Modiorum trium cum dimidio circiter Urbano VIII annuente c. Renovanda Mem. Praesentis Concessionis singulis XXVIII annis in actis Cur. Archiepiscopalis Virgils Tombe is built in a Rotunda or Cupola about five paces long on the infide the walls are of brick in square after the Roman way the outside of massive stone covered over with bushes and among them three or four bay trees an immortal testimony of the Prince of Poets there interred shoot forth about a mans heighth round it lye scattered ruines testifying its formers beauty in the Rock just opposite to the entrance where his known Epitaph of Mantua me genuit was that being decayed is placed a Marble stone with these Verses STAISI Cencoviâ—…s 15. 89. Qui Cineres Tumuli haec vestigia conditur olim Ille hoc qui cecinit Pascua rura Duces Can. Rec. MDLIIII What dust lies here this Heap protects his Hearse Who whil'ome Warbled Fields Farms Fights in Verse The Crypta Neapolitana a perfect signe of the Roman magnificence is the Rocky mountain Pausilipus cut thorough very high spatious and well paved so that for the space of a mile two Coaches may go on front under ground From the garden of San Severinus you may see the house of Attius Sincerus Sannallarius the Poet emulous of Virgil which by his testament was made a Monastery whose Church is called Della Beate Virgine therein stands a marble Sepulchre car ved with great industry on the one side is Orpheus or Apollo on the other the Sybil or the Muse wrought of white marble and here read this Epigram of Cardinal Pietro Bembo Da sacro cineri Folres hic ille Maroni Sincerus Musa proximus ut tumulo Vixit annos 72. Obiit anno 1530. To return to Naples t is a City at this time no lesse famous for the nobility and magnificence of her Citizens inhabitants then for the vast
Annals sets forth who writes that his father was a man appertaining to the Censor whence t is impssioble but L. Pisone must have been his Father of whom the eloquent tongue of Cicero speaks so much ill as that he was banished whilst he was Consul He was then Censor in the seuen hundred fifty and third yeer whilst Caesar Dictator warred against the confederates of Pompey Among all the greatest charges and employments which the Calphurnian family participated they only twice administred the Censorship The first time L. Pisone Frugi was Censor after the Consulacy in the 695 yeer of Rome who being Tribune of the People prevailed for that Law against the rapine of the Provincial Magistrates and the second time fifty eight yeers after This Temple is so well built that in the space of so many ages neither Time the consumer of all things nor the insolencies of enemies who have many times destroyed the rest of the City have been able to ruinate which could not come otherwise to passe theâ—… from the beams being composed of marble in which scarce a fastning appears yet the impetuous force of the earthquakes have in part moved it out of order in such sort that the right angle of the Frontispiece is faln with a part of the Title where certain ruptures appear Of such esteem was this Fabrick that the architectors were not ashamed the work being finished to place their name there being Luccio Cocino Liberta of Luca and Caio Postumi as we read in the left wall of the Church in these words L. Cocceius C. Postumi L. Auctus Architect Many other holy sacred places that were therein are either faln to nothing or at least wise very badly handled The Temple of Neptune as Cicero affirms was the most famous of which some great Fragments to this day remain near San Francesco as vaults arches huge wals other places with their nooks for the statues but its columns and high ornaments of marble are taken away Also near the Amphitheatre are the footsteps ruines of a Temple which Antonius Pius Augustus had erected to Adrian the Emperor his Father who dyed at Baia in the Mannor house of Cicero as Spartianus relates Some yeers last past many fair statues and vast peices of Columnes and Marbles were amoved together with the Elogies of Nerva Trajan and Adrian the Emperors that is to say of the Father Grandfather and great Grand-Father to whom Antonius having created them Gods had 〈◊〉 sacerdotal sacrifices of the Flamins and their companions and hence some believe he obtained the surname of Pius the Pious as we are instructed from the aforesaid Spartianus and by Julius Capitolinus The Temple of the NYMPHES extant on the Sea Shore without POZZVOLO IT seems very likely that either the Sea or Earthquakes have swallowed up the temple of the Nymphs the which we read in the 8th Book of Philostratus Cennius in the life of Apo lonius Tianeus Domitianus the Emperour built on the sea shore without Pozzuolo he writes that t was built with white stone and that of old t was famous for divination and that in it was found a fountain of running spring water from the which though any quantity were taken away t was never perceived to diminish but this with â—…nfinite other antiquities is now gone to nothing yet now is evident at a little distance from the Land near the Via Campana in the Sea a fountain of sweet water which gurgles to this day with great force whose source may be alwaies perceived almost to admiration if the Sea be quiet and calm let the studious of antiquity consider if in this place the Temple of the Nymphes may have been which conjecture will not seem far from truth upon weighing the words of Philostratus who relates that Apolloneus Trineus appeared to his two Dâ—…sciples Damides and Demetrius was in the Temple of the Nymphes on the Sea shore without Pozzuolo who were disputing the nature of the abovenamed fountain where also is the Island of Calissus to whom the successes of what happened with Ulisses they relate in the fables Furthermore as t were in the midst of the Colony remains yet a most huge Amphitheatre little lesse then entire composed of squared stones the which not withstanding its ill treatment by earthquakes the taking away many of its stones and the plowing of its soyl yet appears in its first form enlarged into a more lâ—…rge circuit then was usual for the Emperors Leandro Alberto saies that by measuring he found it to be in length in the plain within 172 foot in bredth only 92. foot Ferrante Loffredo Marques of Trevico affirms this the most antient Amphitheatre supposing it to be built before Rome lost its liberty under the Emperours from an old inscription in marble there found demonstrating under what Consuls this Fabrick was repaired at the publick expence of the Citizens of Pozzuolo which inscription although much sought for by me I had not the good hap to see Many fragments of Acqueducts are yet to be seen which either passed through or surounded the Mountains nor is it an easy matter to number the conserves for the waters made in divers formes some entire and some ruinated by earthquakes many of which are under ground and very large which who enters without a clue of thread a light or a well practised guide may dwell there for ever so intricate are the labyrinths built without gates heads or turning streets from which we may assuredly know that the Romans with vast expence thither drew and therein preserved great plenty of those sweet waters abounding on that Maritimate coast The vulgar unskilled in old history as in all things very ignorant have most injuriously expressed themselves in giving ridiculous names to these edifices calling them Piscine mirabili wonderfull fishpools Cento Celle the hundred Cells and Grotte Draconarie Dragons Caves Soe also have they handled the fountains and baths in number forty or more between Pozzuolo Misseno and Cuma of divers sorts and efficacious for sundry diseases But t is not our purpose to look back and take notice by one and one of these things having already set forth whatever is there rare and worthy view we shall therefore referre such as desire more ample and compleat satisfaction in the like objects to Leandro Alberto and the other writers herein before mentioned The description of the Antient Port of POZZUOLO SUch and so great wonders as here by degrees present themselves to the view of the Traveller as he approaches the Sea side may well entertain him for like mountains in the waters rise the immense moles of the old Port that is thirteen immense Piles which spring out of the water like square Towers which in old time were conjoyned in manner of a bridge by frequent arches but now by fortune and antiquity those gross engines are separated and the falling down of some of the Arches renders it unpassable from one to the other which
a seige and severely chastised for the perfidie and ingratitude it exercised from which was then taken its government and liberty and annually sent thither from the Roman people a prefect to govern them which happened the five hundred forty second yeer after Romes building when many Castles and Cities ran the like fortune with it for that they had with arms defended Hannibal as Titus Livius sets down wherefore Sextus Pompeiuâ—… sets Pozzuolo among the ten Praefectures of Campania on which the Roman People every yeer imposed Governors for all which some yeers after they passed farther by disposition of the Acilian Law to with that they sent thither a Colony of Roman Citizens and made it one of the five maritimate Colonies which were drawn from Rome in the five hundred and fifty ninth yeer by force of the Laws of the said Acilius the Tribune as is clear in Titus Livius being then Consuls Publiuâ—… Scipio Africanus writes the second time and Titus Sempronius Vellejus Paterculus from the opinion of some that the Colony was later sent thither to wit 3 lustres or 15 yeers after the above written time and addes that in sum the verity is not punctually known Yet verily the old memorials of Pozzuolo copious enough in the house of Hadrianus Guilernus the most courteous learned and curious beyond measure in antient histories wholly agree with Titus Livius where is extant one of those stone Tablets containing the second Law the Regulation of publick edifices and expences there to be had which was made in the Consulacy of P. Rutilius and Cn. Mallius Maximus the six hundred forty and eight yeear as the Faâ—…ti Capitolini demonstrate which happened in the ninth yeer after the conduct of that Colony to Pozzuolo as these words set down on the beginning of the said Law clearly prove Ab Colonia deduct a anno XC N. Eufidio N. F. M. Pullio Duum vir R. Rutilio Cn Mallio Cos. Operum Lex II. From which words we clearly comprehend that the comencement of this Colony was under the Consulacy of Martius Portius Cato and L. Flaccus in the five hundred forty eighth yeer although Livius sets it down to have been the following yeer Augustus being at last become Conqueror in the Civil wars having restored peace and shut up the Temple of Janus for reward of the veteran Souldiers disposed them into the 28 Colonies of Italy among which Pozzuolo was one then made a military Colony as Suetonius writes and as may be drawn from the fragment of the Military Colonies From the above written observations is certainly known how antient the Colony of Pozzuolo is and that many times Inhabitants were thither sent and inrolled And therefore this Author holds for very imperfect and ill treated from the insufficiency or inobservancy of the remembrancer what Tacitus sets down in the fourteenth book of his Annals and so Justus Lipsius thinks also for in the acts of Rome in the eighth hundred and twelfth yeer the Emperor Nero and Cossus Lentulus being Consuls we find these words of Tacitus At in Italia vetus oppidum Puteoli jus Coloniae cognomentum a Nerone adipiscuntur adding no more as if Pozzuolo for no preceding time had the quality of a Colony whereas Titus Livius clearly proves it to have been in that condition two hundred and forty yeers before but these two may be easily reconciled by the adjusting of one single word to wit the writing it verus instead of vetus in these words At in Italia verus Oppidum Puteoli novum jus Coloniae coguomentum a Nerone adipiscuntur for that being at first called Colonia Augusta with Nero it was called Augusta Neroniana and thence t is that Tacitus saies that Pozzuolo obtained a new condition with a new name but Tacitus not explaining the occasion why then a Colony was sent thither or who gave it new condition and what that condition was the place seems to want more then one word and because the particle At separates the word afore specified and the difference of things and the particle non tamen is placed in the midst of the period which followes this place is therefore believed defective and that therefore these words set a cloud before the eyes and scruples in the studies of the curious which this Author hath thought not easily removable without some supplement to that place of Tacitus to the effect following viz. At in Italia verus Oppidum Puteoli novum ius Coloniae cognomentum adipiscuntur aequè cladem passi Queis irritâ—…m Principis beneficium facere Coloni ex diversis legionibus undecunque coaâ—…ti numero licet frequentes ut veterem Tarentium Antium adscripti non tamen infrequentiae locorum subvenere dilapsis pluribus in Provincias in quibus stipendia expleverant And thus will the diffe rence be known between what â—…ell out to Pozzuolo and what to Laodicea by the copulation At of which Cities this returned to its proper state by its own power the other not although it assisted the Prince as did happen to Tarento and Antio the occasion of which misfortune Tacitus gratiously declares The learned are intreated to have due consideration of this place and to note the defects with a stelletta To return then to our first purpose the Author when he copied out those in scriptions whilest there permanent it occurred to him that a Colony was of new conducted to Pozzuolo under the Empire of the Vespasiani and was called Flavia for that he espied among those old stones a great square marble one engraven with letters of a foot long a piece the which by being continually exposed to the surges of the Sea hath its characters almost eaten out yet not so wholly but that one may read the third part of the elogy inscribed in the old Marble Arch the which the Flavian Colony erected to express a gratefull sence to Antonius Pius Caesar for his liberality in restoring the ports which part of the Elogy will hereafter be repeated In the mean time behold in Pozzuolo and its neighbourhood the meritorious objects Among others a vasâ—… Church now entitled S. Proculo Martire the which of old Calphurnius had dedicated to Augustus Caesar t is built in a corinthian order as may be understood by the Porticue containing one peice of the old title in the frontispeice in these words L. Calphurnius L. F. templum Augusto cum ornamentis D. D. All Authors question who this Calphurnius the Son of Lucius was chiefly for that there were so many Calphurnij and they famous in the time of Augustus and if it be lawfull to make use of conjecture none comes nearer then mine that L. Calphurnius Son of Lucius called Pisone Frugi after he had been Consul and Prefect of Provinces was also Prefect of Rome after T. Statilins Taurus who was twice Consul and triumphed he exercised this very charge in the time of Augustus and Tiberius for twenty yeers as Tacitus in the fifth Book of his