the heavenly glory as Enoch and Elias this flesh and bones of his were not transformed into a spiritual body I do question seeing the Apostle tells us expresly That flesh and blood cannot inherit the Kingdom of Heaven We may refer this flesh and bones therefore to his Rising and Ascension but leave it in dubio in regard to his Sitting in Heaven In the name of the Holy Scripture we do understand those Canonical Books of the Old and new Testament of whose AuthorÃty was never any doubt in the Church Art 6. By Church I understand the whole Catholick Church or this Church of England for it is evident that there hath been doubt made of some Books in our Canon by Antient Particular Churches and Fathers The Three Creeds Nice Creed Athanasius's Creed and that which is commonly called the Apostles Creed ought thorowly to be received and believed for they may be proved by most certain Warrants of Holy Scripture Art 8. The word thorowly I understand only in regard to the Articles of those Creeds not in regard to the Proem and Conclusion of the Athanasian Quicunque vult which is inconsistent I hold with the Goodness of God and Natural Religion The condition of man after the Fall of Adam is such that he cannot turn and prepare himself by his own natural strength and good works to Faith and calling upon God Wherefore we have no power to do good works pleasant and acceptable to God without the Grace of God by Christ preventing us that we may have a good will and working with us when we have that good will Art 10. By the words no power and cannot I understand a Moral power and impotency which lyes in such a disposition as that a man never will without the special grace of God but not so as if we had no power at all that is Physical or as if the terms of the Covenant of Grace were Impossible to any We are accounted righteous before God only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ by Faith and not for our own works or deservings Wherefore that we are justified by Faith only is a most wholsom Doctrine and very full of comfort as more largely is expressed in the Homily of Justification Art 11. By the words Faith only I understand what Paul means by Faith without works that is Faith in opposition to works that would make the reward to be of debt and not of grace or to works of the Law works which the Law requires to Justification which none have and if any be justified at all it must be therefore without them not in opposition to Repentance and Evangelical Obedience and though it be for Christ's sake or his merits and not ours that he accounts us righteous yet is our Faith Repentance and sincere Obedience the condition upon which he does it or rather the Righteousness it self which upon the account of Christ's deserving he accepts unto life everlasting Works done before the grace of Christ and the inspiration of his Spirit are not pleasant to God forasmuch as they spring not of Faith in Jesus Christ neither do they make men meet to receive grace or as the School-Authors say deserve grace of congruity yea rather for that they are not done as God hath willed and commanded them to be done we doubt not but they have the nature of sin Art 13. When good works done before grace are said to have the nature of sin I understand that thô such works are good quoad operis substantiam yet they are evil quoad modum quo ordinantur ad vitam aeternam and consequently when they are said not to be pleasant unto God I understand not acceptable unto Salvation I judg that the doing what we can through the strength of free will and common grace is not to be discouraged and to be held in some good sense preparatory to saving Conversion yet because there is no full promise made thereunto as the condition of obtaining that grace which is special it is truly said that such works do not make us meet for receiving or do not of congruity deserve the same Predestination to life is the everlasting purpose of God whereby before the foundations of the world were laid he hath constantly decreed by his Counsel secret to us to deliver from curse and damnation those whom he hath chosen in Christ out of mankind and to bring them by Christ to everlasting Salvation as Vessels made to honour After we have received the Holy Ghost we may depart from grace given and fall into sin and by the grace of God we may arise again and amend our lives Art 16 17. I apprehend the Church here does follow St. Austin in the Points of Election and Perseverance and when it is said that after we have received the Holy Ghost we may depart from grace given it must be understood so as that the Elect for all that shall never finally fall away but shall infallibly recover and be saved They are to be had accursed that presume to say that every man shall be saved by the Law or Sect which he professeth so that he be diligent to frame his life according to that Law and the light of nature For holy Scripture doth set out unto us only the name of Jesus Christ whereby men must be saved Art 18. I observe the Church hath but one Anathema in all her Articles and that seems to be denounced here against all those who do or shall hold that any persons can be saved that are not Christians as if the Death of Christ or benefits thereof and the knowledge of him were commensurate through the world But God forbid I am out of doubt that God hath a Government over all mankind which is Moral in order to Life and Salvation and that the instrument of that Government must be the Law of Grace the Law of Innocency becoming in the state of Lapsed Nature uncapable of that end which being at first promulgated to Adam after his Fall and to Noah must belong to all their Posterity insomuch as every one whosoever he be that lives up in sincerity to this Law according to that administration of it he is under shall be saved For my Assent then to this Article I do desire the word by may be especially noted I could not assent to this Article if it were in the Law or Sect he professeth but being by I hold plainly that if a Heathen or any Person that never heard the Gospel repents of his sin and trusts to a good God and lives up to the Law or Covenant of Grace according to the first Edition of it I say if any such indeed do Rom. 2.26 Act. 10.35 and thereby comes to be saved it is by the Christian Religion which he implicitely holds in the substance with us and not by the Law Sect that he professeth that he is saved And this Salvation of his is in
and through the Name and Mediation of Jesus Christ no less than ours is who procured that Law for them and all the World as well as for Abraham and the Jews under the Old and for us under the New Testament The Church hath power to decree Rites or Ceremonies and authority in controversies of Faith Art 20. The Church I think hath Power to Decree Rites or Ceremonies that is some Rites not any whatsoever provided she uses due caution not placing matter of Worship or Necessity much less Merit or Justification in them nor scandalizing her Members thereby and not imposing them when they need not as conditions of her Communion Yet if she does so and the Imposition be unlawful if those Rites or Ceremonies be not sinful in themselves we cannot I apprehend refuse our submission for all that so long as the Supream Power confirms the same Again the Church hath authority in controversies of Faith not to make any new Articles thereof for that were Antichristian but upon mature debate to judge what points are de fide or necessary according to the Scripture to be received and what not Only this authority when she hath done is Ministerial or Declarative not Constitutive of duty as Christ's the Lawgiver's is and as Princes or the Supream Magistrates in his Sphear is so also The Clergy in their Convocation is to order and settle them having first obtained leave under our broad Seal so to do and we approving their said Ordinances says the King in his Declaration before these Articles Whosoever through his private judgment willingly and purposely doth openly break the Traditions and Ceremonies of the Church which be not repugnant to the Word of God and be ordained and approved by common authority ought to be rebuked openly that others may fear to do the like as he that offendeth against the common order of the Church and hurteth the authority of the Magistrate and woundeth the consciences of the weak brethren Art 34. I assent to this Article as parallel with the last mentioned and I gain-say not but the open breakers of the Churches Traditions or Ceremonies may be reproved for the sake of others Yet in regard that some of these Traditions or Ceremonies may be repugnant to the Word of God in the judgment of some men which are not to others I apprehend both that the reasons of such ought to be heard and that we cannot condemn any for acting so among others as to have always a care never to do any thing against Conscience for Company The second Book of Homilies the several titles whereof we have joyned under this Article doth contain a godly and wholsome Doctrine and necessary for these times as doth the former book of Homilies which were set forth in the time of Edward the sixth and therefore we judge them to be read in Churches by the Ministers diligently and distinctly that they may be understanded of the people Art 35. I receive this Article on an implicite faith and I desire that may serve because I have not read over the Homilies and cannot assent any otherwise therefore till I have The book of Consecration of Archbishops and Bishops and ordering of Priests and Deacons lately set forth in the time of Edward the sixth and confirmed at the same time by authority of Parliament doth contain all things necessary to such Consecration and Ordering neither hath it any thing that of it self is superstitious and ungodly Art 36. I understand by Superstition and Ungodliness two perticular Species of that which is sinful I dare not say that there is nothing at all in the whole Book of Consecration and Orders here mentioned that is sinful The Article does not say so but that there is not any thing in it that of it self is Superstitious or Ungodly that is sinful upon the account of either of these particular species of sin And to this I think I may assent at least after I have added this caution that these Articles were agreed upon in the year 1562. and new published by King James and that this book therefore must be understood of the old book in his time and not of the book as it is of late altered with the new Preface put to it wherein there is one thing especially which I pass here nameless too too hard for my Approbation Having thus given my Explication with what I premised before it it is fit I make yet some little farther apology for this liberty There is a threefold Interpretation according to Suarez in his excellent Book De Legibus An Authentick Usual and Doctoral I think he calls it Doctrinal interpretation I have explained two of the terms in the beginning and the third needs no explanation and I need not it These Articles of the Church I suppose to be subscribed generally with this presumption that we may use a Doctoral Interpretation but the question indeed may be whether a man can strictly in point of Conscience give his assent or subscribe to any Article unless he believe it to be true in the Authentick sense or meaning of the Imposers I must confess I have had such an impression on my mind that unless I believe an Article in that sense which I take to be the sense of the majority of the Convocation that passed the Articles I could not choose but scruple the declaring my assent to it for fear of a Lye and yet do I find that an Usher and Hammond the Arminians and Calvinists do subscribe the same Articles without making any scruple about their diversity of interpretation I find also that in the Council of Trent the Doctors differ'd in most points yet as soon as they were but contrived into such words as might salve the contrary opinions they passed them as unanimous in the Council writing after one against another and citing the Council for them on both sides There is this difference therefore seems reasonable to be made between a Law and a Doctrinal Thesis for establishing consent in the matter of Religion That when the one must be taken still in the Authentick the other is to be construed in a Doctoral interpretation I have intimated it before I must now give my reason which is also said but not applied It is because the authority of a Law-giver is Magisterial or Imperative that constitutes duty and his will is uncontroulable but the Pastors authority or Convent of Bishops and Presbyters for agreement in points of Doctrine is Ministerial and Declarative only I may use the same terms I hope I have before and nauseate no body obliging not nisi sententia non errante or no farther than they be agreeable to Gods Word and while every one does judge of that there must be a diversity of interpretation it being not equal that so many Articles should be subscribed by all but upon that supposition I never could be satisfied therefore with that coming off which is proposed by some great
and ingenious men such as Chillingworth as sufficient for subscribing these Articles that they understand nothing else by it but an obligation not to preach or write against them A gloss both too laxe because they do not subscribe I engage never to write or preach against the Articles bâ— they profess their unfeigned assent to them and if this be understood of the Authentick sense they cannot profess it and too streight because when they preach upon any such point they will speak do what they can according to their own Opinion and so break their Engagement It were to be wished therefore that if ever we have a Convocation that Sits to do any thing they would pass some such New Canon most fit to be decreed as may declare that the Articles and Homilies of the Church are not required to be subscribed but with this freedom of a Doctoral interpretation Were such a liberty authorized by an Act of Parliament or Convocation the conscience were put out of doubt In the mean while when others are satisfied with the reasonableness of the thing whether it be authorized or not I finding my self in doubt about it am forced to this course which is to secure my peace by my aforesaid Explication and my foreprized declaration concerning the matter I proceed now to the Subscription or Declaration required to be subscribed by the Act. Understanding by taking Arms raising War or joyning in it and by the King his Sacred Person and Authority I subscribe the first clause thereof That it is nâ—â— lawful to take Arms against the King upon any pretence whatsoever Understanding the word abhor in a cool sense I disclaim and by the Commissionated those who have and pursue their Commissions according to Law I subscribe the Second Clause of it And that I do abhor that Traiterous Position of taking Arms by his Authority or by Law that is upon pretence of it for the Position else is impossible against his Person or against those that are Commissionated by him The Third Clause I take to be an Indefinite Promise of using Common Prayer which in the main I am not against And I do therefore subscribe that if I have a Publick Charge or Cure of Souls I shall in the ordinary constant Lords Day Service ordinarily by my self or by my Assistant according to the usage of the Church Rebus sic stantibus Conform to the Liturgy of the Church of England as it is now by Law established Whether this be the sense of the Law-giver altogether it may be a doubt but in this sense supposing it to be so or with these limitations thereunto if it be otherwise I set my name The Second Step BEING A lesser Request the former not obtained IT was the policy of the Contrivers of the Act for Uniformity that those Ministers who were engaged in the late times on the Parliament side by taking the Covenant should renounce it or be debarred the liberty of their Ministry for twenty years accounting I suppose that if any supervived that time there could be no danger in their re-admission There was a clause therefore in the Subscription besides those before going which concern'd the Covenant and was the forest part of this injunction abiding in force till the last year and then it expired It was believed that many of the Nonconformists upon the expiration would have flocked in and subscribed but I know not of any who took the Covenant but my self only who took it not that have made any tryal upon that occasion Nevertheless to proceed in what I have begun having Wrote this Paper and presented it to the Bishop the last year 1682 when that clause ceased I think good this year 1683 to Print it upon the account ensuing I do apprehend there is a kind of universal guilt upon the Conformist some few alwaies excepted in receiving our late Impositions hand over head as they did which they should rather have all refused as one man and required explanation How many were there prepared the good God vouchsafe us all a sight of our sins and forgive them to declare their assent and consent to all and every thing in a book before they saw it at least read it with any examination as they should have done How many more were there yet more forward to subscribe a Declaration wherein there were so many hard things to be swallowed before any had wrote about them or themselves able to digest scarce any one branch of it It was their interest to comply but how they could declare and subscribe so soon or perhaps can yet in Truth Judgment and Righteousness the Lord knows On the other side I am no less sensible of a great deal of weakness and prejudice among our brethren in judging things sinful that are not and consequently Superstition in placing fear and danger in such things There is besides no little conceitedness of some mens being more holy than the Conformist and consequently Pride Uncharitableness Judging of others and if any Persons shall separate from the publick on sinful grounds it is really Schism and in real Schism how many evils are there included In this case of Sin and Scandal which we see on both sides I would fain know what way there is for any of us to escape but by following the rule I have laid down On the point of Sin If I assent to the Articles and subscribe the Declaration without an Explication then do I assent to what I think true and what I think not true in those Articles and I subscribe that which I take to be the good sense and that which is also the bad sense of the Declaration which seems unlawful to be done as what neither becomes a good Christian or true English-man But if I assent and subscribe with an Explication then do I assent only to what I judg true in those Articles and I subscribe only the good sense of the Declaration which seems not only what is lawful but fit to be done both as a Christian and good Subject who is to be Loyal to the Government of the Nation On the point of Scandal If I shall assent and subscribe as others without any Caution Limitation or Explication then shall I quantum ad me harden the Conformist who hath Conformed blindly in his sin and impenitence and draw the Nonconformist who judgeth it unlawful to do that which is against his Conscience by my Example If I do nothing or not endeavour what I can I nurse up my Brethren in those Evils before-mentioned and give occasion to the Conformist to say These men can do thus and thus more than they do and seeing they are such peevish obstinate persons we do well to submit to all that is Enjoyned our selves and persecute them and so do I become a stumbling-block to the one and to the other But if I assent and subscribe with Explication that is do as much and only what I can then do I deliver my
to Church I must own the Parish and I must own the Diocess and I must own the Bishop and his Government I answer and so you may but it is not necessary that you own them as of Divine Right which others I suppose do Upon that Hypothesis I must confess I do not see how any Separation from the Church unless in case of something imposed that is sinful could be justifiable and the Conformists therefore taking up that Principle do generally condemn all Meetings accusing them without discrimination of Schism But it is one thing to own the Parish-Church the Diocess the Bishop Episcopal Government according to Law and another to won them as of Divine Institution I apprehend that Particular Congregations where there is a Pastor and Flock conjoyned for the Worship of God carrying on an holy life are the Churches of Christs appointment and that every Minister of such a particular People hath a power of Governing them as well as Teaching them derived to him from Christ being Episcopus Gregis by virtue of his Office if any then shall go to set up an Episcopus Postorum a Bishop of the Diocess to divest him that is Pastor of a particular Congregation or the Minister of the Parish of that Authority which Christ hath committed to him for governing his Flock which he that makes a Diocess to be the only Church of Apostolical Institution and the Diocesan the sole Pastor must do let him consider what he undertakes seeing the burden which is hereby laid on the Bishop and the account he must make at the great day for the Souls of so many he takes no particular care at all of is intolerable I will own the Bishop and his Regiment but not to the denial of the Ministers I will own a Diocess but not to the unchurching Particular Congregations There is another consideration therefore to be had of the Church than this here understood and that is as it is National and the King the Head of it The Church as National is divided into two Provinces and these into twenty six Diocesses and they into so many thousand Parishes The Parish-Church consists of a Particular Congregation which is therefore a Church of Christs appointment and the Authority or Regiment the Minister Pastor or Bishop of such a Flock hath is derived from Christ The Authority the Diocesan hath is derived from the King The King makes the Bishops he might make them if he pleased as Henry the Eighth by Commission and he is the Fountain of their Honour for they have Baronies and upon that account sit in the Lords House and if we may look on them accordingly as his Officers to exercise no other Authority as Diocesans but what they derive from him then As the Regiment of the Bishop and of the Pastors are of a different kind the Power or Regiment of the Pastor being internal or in sacris and formally Ecclesiastical flowing immediately from Christ but the Regiment of the Bishop external or circa sacra that is objectively Ecclesiastical deriving from the King so must the Authority or Government of the one be cumulative to and not destructive of the other And this is a Notion which methinks should not be hard of entrance to the Conformist or Nonconformist On the one side the Bishop should receive it because it grants him his Honour Dignity and great Revenues upon a clear and open foundation and it lightens his care and work The Office of a Bishop upon this Hypothesis may be discharged as that of any other Magistrate under the King But the Office of the Diocesan upon the other Hypothesis is a charge he can never perform and if he live in the negligence of what he thinks his duty and that wilfully all his life how can he be saved On the other side the Nonconformist should receive it because it opens his Eyes lets him see how he may be subject to the Bishop as he is to the King and the other Magistrates under him without molestation to his Conscience And this should be the Stone which I would lay for the Foundation if ever a Parliament would build upon it of a sound and lasting Peace in the Nation Whither this tends let the Reader see farther in the twelfth Section of that universally Learned sort of Gentlemans late Book call'd The Samaritan FINIS An Advertisement from the Bookseller THere is a late new Book Intituled A Private Psalter composed by the same Hand that wrote these sheets which being a Devotional Book is put in a fair Character for the sake of aged Eyes and sold by me whom the Reader may find out by the Title page Thomas Parkhurst An Addition from the Author UPon the mention of this Book I have these few words to subjoyn concerning the same If I can judg any thing in Divinity there is hardly any matter of more near importance to the most of serious Christians than this one thing to wit to be solidly informed what to do or how to live and support the Soul under the case when it hath examined itself and is in conflict and doubt whether it be in a state of Gods favour which is all one as whether it be sincere or not They that are light Christians do often talk of their assurance when the more weighty Christians are ready to droop and hang the head as the ears of Corn do that are fullest In the last Section of the evening Office of that Private Psalter there is a Determination de industria of this case according as I was able to admit Instruction with Devotion into my Design I am sensible of the smallness of my Talent and the greatness of the Concern and that whatsoever is peculiar is in danger to be defective who must confess my genius hath led me to the seeking a middle resolution in this great Practical case in regard to Life and Comfort as it hath usually done in the matter of polemical Opinions And for the sake of this case more especially was that Book printed If any worthy Person therefore of the Conforming Ministry who hath a Pen accomplished with the stile of the Times whose fluency or command of words may make the task easy to him which would be burdensome to me will take the sense only or matter of that last Section I mean the full and whole sense of it though nothing else purely but what is there hinted and enlarge it into a Treatise of a convenient dimension as he shall pitch upon a subject to exercise his parts which I think like to be profitable to most Christians especially to such as are of a tender Spirit and solicitous about their Spiritual estate so if he will bring it to the Bookseller above intimated to put it into the Press he will not be ungrateful to him I suppose for his Copy John Humfrey