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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16571	All the examinacions of the constante martir of God M. Iohn Bradforde before the Lorde Chauncellour, B. of Winchester the B. of London, [and] other co[m]missioners: whervnto ar annexed, his priuate talk [and] conflictes in prison after his condemnacion, with the Archbishop of york, the B. of Chichester, Alfonsus, and King Philips confessour, two Spanishe freers, and sundry others. With his modest learned and godly answeres. Anno. Domini 1561	Bradford, John, 1510?-1555.	1561 (1561)	STC 3477; ESTC S116578	60,488	240

how I was certain of saluaciō of my religion Marie quod I amittinge all formalities saue y t I thācked thē for their good wil by the word of god by the scriptures I am certein of saluacion and of my religion Verye wel said quod my Lord of yorke But howe doo you knowe the worde of God and the scriptures but by the church In dede my Lorde quoth I the churche was and is a meane to bring a mā more spedely to know the scriptures and the woorde of God as was the woman of Samaria was a meane y t the Samaritains knew Christ but as when they had herd hym speake they said now we know y t he is Christ not bycause of the woordes but bycause we our selfes haue heard hym so quoth I after we come to the hearing and reading of the scriptures showed to vs and discerned by the church we doo beleue them and know them not by cause the church saith they are the scriptures but bicause they be so beinge therof assured by the same spirite whiche wrote and spake them ▪ yea quoth my lord of yorke but you know in the Apostles time at the firste the word was not written True quoth I if you meane it for some bokes of the bokes of the newe Testamēt but els for the olde testament Peter telleth vs that we haue Firmiorem sermonem Propheticum a more sure worde of prophecie Not quod I that it is simplie so but in respecte of the Apostles persons whiche beinge a liue and compassed with infirmitie attributed to the worde written more firmitie as wherewith no faulte coulde be founde whereas for the infyrmitye of their ꝑsons men perchaūce might haue founde some faulte at there perchīng Albeit in verie dede no lesse obedience faith ought to haue ben giuen to the one then to the other as being all of one spirite of truth That place of Peter quoth my Lorde of yorke is not so to be vnderstande of the worde of God written yes sir quoth I that it is and of none other yea in dede quoth my lord of Chichester maister Bradford doth tel you y e truth in that pointe Well quoth my Lorde of yorke you knowe that Ireneus and others do magnify much the churche and alledge the Churche againste heretickes and not the scriptures True quoth I for they had to do with suche heretickes as dyd denye the scriptures and yet dyd magnifie the Apostles that they were inforsed to vse those churches wherin the Apostles had taught and that churche stil had receiued the same doctrine you speake the verie truethe quoth my Lorde of Chichester for the heretickes did refuse all scriptures excepte it were a peice of Lukes gospell Then quoth I the alledginge of the churche can not be primarlye or principallye vsed againste me whiche am so farre from denyinge of the scriptures that I appele vnto them vtterlye as to the onelye iudge Io .xii. A pretye matter quoth my Lorde of yorke that you will take vppon you to iudge the Churche I praye you where was your ●hurche this manye yeres for the Churche of Chryste is Catholicke and visible Hytherto my Lorde quoth I I doo not iudge the churche when I discerne it from that congregacion those whiche be not in it And I neuer denied the church to be Catholike and visible althoughe at some times it is more visible thē at som I praye you quoth my Lorde of Chichester tel me where the churche which alowed your doctrine was this .iiii. C. yeres ▪ I will tel you my Lorde quoth I or rather you shall tell it you selfe If you will tell me where the church was in Helias time when Helias said that he was lefte alone That is no aunswere quoth my Lorde of Chichester I am more sorye you saye so quoth I But this will I tell you lordshipp that the same eies wherewith a mā might haue espied the church thē yf you nowe had them you would not saye it were no answere The fault why the churche is not sene of you is not bycause the churche is not visible but bicause your eyes are not clere ynoughe to se it you are much deceiued quoth he to make such a collation betwine the churche then now Verie well speks my Lord quoth the Byshoppe of yorke for Christes saith Edificabo ecclesiam meam I wyll buylde my churche and not I do or haue buyld it but I will build it My lord quoth I Peter taught me to make this collacion saying as in the people there was false Prophetes whiche were muche in estima●ion afore Christes comming so shall there be false teachers nowe and verye manye shall followe them And as for your futurtence I hope your grace quod I wil not exclude thereby Christs church not to haue ben before ▪ but rather that there is no buyldinge in the Churche but by Christes woorke onelye For Paule and Apollo be but waterers In good faith maister Bradford quoth my my lord of Chichester I am sorye to see you so litle to mind the churche He taketh vpon him as they al doo to iudge the church quod my Lorde of yorke A man shall neuer come to certentie that doth as they doo My Lorde quoth I take me beseche you in good part I speake simplie what I thincke and I desire reason to aunswere my obiections your affections sorowes can not by rules If that you consider the ende and cause of my condempnacion I can not thincke but that it shoulde so● thinge moue your honours you knowe it well ynoughe for you herd it no matter was layed againste me but what was gathered vppon myne one confession Bycause I denyed transubstantiacion and the wycked to receaue Christes body in the Sacramente therfore I was condempned and excommunicate but not of the Church although the pillers of the same as they be taken dyd it No quoth my Lorde of Chichester I herd say that the cause of youre prisonemente was for that you exhorced the people to take the sword in the one hande and the matocke in the other I neuer ment any suche thynge nor speake any thynge in that sorte my lord quoth I. yea quoth my Lorde of Yorke you behaued your selfe before the Counsell so stoutlye at the first that you woulde defend the Religion then and therefore worthelye were you punished your grace quoth I did here me aunswere my Lorde Chauncellor in that pointe But put the case I had ben so stote as they and your grace make it was not the lawes of y e realme on me side then wherfore vniustlie I was punished Onely transubstantiacion which was had on myne owne confession was the thing on which my lorde Chauncellor proceded you denye the presence quoth my lord of yorke I do not quoth I to the faith of the worthy receauer Why quoth he what is that thē to saye that Christe lyeth not of the alter No my lorde quoth I in dede I beleue not suche

Bradford answered that how so euer hrs honor toke him yet was he assured of his meanīg that no feare but y e feare of periury made him aferd to aunswere For as for death my lord ꝙ he as I knowe ther ar .12 houres in the day so w t y e lord my time is appointed And whē it shalbe his good tyme then shall I departe hence But in the meane season ꝙ he I am safe ynough though al the worlde had sworne my death Into his hādes I haue cōmitted it his good will be done And ꝙ Bradford sauīg mine oth I wil answer you in this behalf that the othe agaīst the. B of Rome was not nor is not against charitie Howe proue you y t ꝙ my lord Chācelor Forsoth ꝙ Bradford I proue it thus That is not against charitie whiche is not against gods worde but this othe against the bishop of Romes aucthoritie in Englande is not against gods worde therefore it is not against charitie Is it not against gods woorde ꝙ my Lorde Chancellour that a man shoulde take a kyng to be supreme heade of the church in his realme No ꝙ Bradford sauing styl mine othe it is not against gods worde but with it being taken in suche sence as it may be wel taken that is attributing to the kinges power y t soueraintie in all his dominions I praye you ꝙ the lorde Chauncelour where finde you that I finde it in manye places ꝙ Bradforde but specially in the .13 to the Romaines where Saint Paule writeth euery soule to be obediēt to the superiour power But what power que gladium gestat y e power verely which beareth the sweord which is not the spiritual but the temporall power As Chrisostome full well noteth ꝙ Bradforde vpon the same place whiche youre honor knoweth better then I. He Chrisostome I meane ther plainly sheweth y t bishops prophetes and apostles owe obedience to y e temporall maiestrates Here yet more the Lorde Chancelour was stered and said howe that Bradforde went about to deny al obedience to the Queene for his oth so ꝙ he this mā woulde make gods woord a warrant of disobedience For he will aunswere the Queene on this sorte that when she sayeth nowe sweare to the B. of Rome or obey his aucthoritye No wil he saie for I am then forsworne and so make the Queene no Queene No ꝙ Bradforde I go not about to deny all obediēce to the Queenes highnes by deniyng obedience in this part yf shee shoulde demaunde it For I was sworne to king Edward not simply that is not onely concernyng his owne person but also concerning his successours And therefore in denying to do the Quenes request herein I denye not her authoritie nor become dishobedient Yes that doest thou ꝙ my Lorde Chancelor And so he beganne to tell a longe tale howe if a manne shoulde make an othe to pay a Cli. by such a day and the manne to whom it was due would forgeue the debt The debter woulde saie no you cannot do it for I am forsworne thē c. Here Bradford desired my lord Chauncellor not to trifle it saying y t he wondred hys honor would make solemne othes made to god trifles in that sorte And make so great a matter concernīg vowes as thei cal it made to the bishop for mariage of priestes At these wordes y e lord Chācelour was much offended said he did not trifle but ꝙ he thou goest about to denie obedience to the Queene which now requireth obedience to the B. of Rome No my lord ꝙ Bradford I dooe not denye obedience to the Queene yf you would discerne betwene genus and species Because I may not obey in this to reason ergo I maye not obey in the other is not firme As if a mā let one sel a pece of his inheritāce yet this notw tstādyng al his inheritāce is not let or sold And so in this case all obedyence I denye not because I denie obedience in this branche I wil none of those similitudes said the lorde Chancellour I would not vse thē ꝙ Bradforde if that you wente not about to perswade y e people I meane that which I neuer mēt For I my self not onely meane obedience but wil geue ensample ▪ of all most humble obedience to y e Queenes highnes so long as she requireth not obedience agaynste god No no ꝙ my lorde Chauncelour al men maie perceiue wel inough your meaning There is no man though he bee sworne to the king doth therfore break his othe yf afterwardes he be sworne to the Frenche king and to themperour It is true my Lorde ꝙ Bradforde but the cases bee not like For here is an excepciō thou shalt not sweare to y e. B. of Rome at any time If in like maner we were sworne thou shalt not serue themperour c. you see there were some alteracion and more doubt But ꝙ Bradford I beseche your honour remembre what ye youre selfe haue written answeringe the obieccions here against in youre boke de vera obedientia Vincat modo domini verbi veritas Let Gods woorde and the reasons thereof beare the bell awaie Heare the lord Chauncelor was throughlye moued and saide styll howe that Bradforde had written sedicious letters and peruerted the people thereby and did stoutly stand as though he would defende the erronious doctrine in kynge Edwardes tyme against all men now ꝙ he he saieth he dare not answer I haue written no sedicious letters ꝙ Bradforde I haue not peruerted y e people But that which I haue writtē spokē y t wil I neuer deny by gods grace And wher your L. saith I dare not answer you y t al mē may know I am not afraid sauīg mine oth ask me what you wyl I will plainelye make you answer by gods grace although I now see my lyfe lyeth theron But O lord ꝙ he into thy hands I cōmit it come what come will onelye sanctifie thy name in me as in one instrumente of thy grace Amen Now aske what you wil ꝙ Bradford you shall se I am not afraid by gods grace flatly to answer Well then ꝙ my lord Chauncelour how say you to the blessed sacrament do you not beleue there Christe to bee presente concernynge his naturall bodye My lorde ꝙ Bradforde I doe beleue Christ to be corporally presēt in his sacrament duely vsed Corporally I say that is in such sorte as he woulde I meane Christe is there corporally presēt vnto faith Vnto faith ꝙ my lorde Chaunceloure wee muste haue manye moe words to make it more plain you shal so ꝙ Bradford but first geue me leaue to speake twoo wordes Speake on quoth my lord Chancellour I haue bene now a yeare and almoste thre quarters in prysone ꝙ Bradforde and of all thys tyme you neuer questyoned wyth me heare aboutes when I myghte haue spoken my conscyence frankely wythout peryll But nowe you haue a law to hāg vp and put to

yeres and called them by there right name hell houndes rather then heauen houndes On this sorte syr quoth I. will I proue my faith that you can neuer doo yours yea syr quoth he If we dyd knowe you had the holy goste then could we beleue you Here might haue ben aunswered that Stephens enemies would not beleue he had the holy gost and therefore they dyd as they did But in speakinge he rose vp and the keper called and others that stode bye to take his parte all againste me Howe be it gentlie without anye tawntynge or rayling onelye prayinge me to take hede to that maister Harpsfeld speake who still said I was oute of the churche and did contempne it spitt against it and I cannot tel what But I still affirmed that I was moste certeine I was in Christes churche could shewe a demonstracion of my religion from tyme to tyme continually And so we made an ende sainge that in the mornynge he would come again vnto me God our father for the name and blod of his Christ be merciful vnto vs and vnto all his people and kepe them frō al false teachers blind guides whereby alas I feare me muche hurte wil come to this realme of England God our father blesse vs and kepe vs in his truth pore church foreuer Amē Vppon the .16 of Februarye in the morning about .9 of y e clocke there came again the said maister Harpsfeld and the other two with him Nowe after a fewe wordes spoken we sate downe maister Harpsfeld beginning a very long oraciō almost ther quarters of an houre lōg First repeting what how far we haue gone astraye beginnynge to proue vpwardes succession of Byshoppes here in Englād for .8 c. yeres in Fraūce at Liōs for xii.c yeres in spaine at Hispalen for viii.c yeres in Italie at Millen for .xii. c. yeres goinge by that to proue his churche whereto he vsed also successiō of byshopes in the Est church for the more confirmacion of hys wordes and so concluded with an exhortation an interrogation The exhortacion that I woulde obey this church the interrogacion whether I could shewe anye such succession for the demonstraon of my church for so he called it whiche I followed Vnto this his long oracion I made a sherte aunswered howe that my memorie was euill for to aunswere particularlye his long oracion therfore I woulde generallye doo it thinckinge that bycause his oracion was rather to perswade then to proue that a general aunswere would serue So I told him that if Christe or his Apostles beinge here on yearth hath him demaūded of the Prelats of the churche then then to haue made a demonstracion of the churche by succession of highe priestes whiche had approued the doctrine he taught I thincke quoth I that Christe hert would haue done as I doo That is haue brought furth that which vpholdeth the church euē the veritie of the worde of God taught beleued not of the high priestes which of longe time had persecuted it but by y e Prophetes other good simple men whiche perchaunce were counted for heretickes with the churche that is with them that were ordeyned highe priestes in the churche to whome the true churche was not then tyed by any successiō but the word of god And thus to thincke quoth I Saint Peter gyueth an occasion when he saith That as it went in y e church before christes comminge so shall it goo in the Churche after his commynge but then the pillars of the Churche were persecutours of it Therefore the like we muste loke for nowe Why quoth be I can gether and proue you succession in Ierusalem of the high priestes From Aarons time I graunte quoth he but not suche succession as allowed y e trueth Why quoth he did they not all allow Moyses lawe yes quoth I. And kept it for the bokes therof as you do the Bible and holy scripture but the interpretacion and meaning of it ▪ they did corrupte as I take it you haue done And therfore the persecutions they stirred vp against the Prophetes Christe was not for the lawe but for the interpretacion of it as you saie nowe that we must haue the interpretaciō of the scriptures at your hādes but to make an ende quoth I death I do loke daily for yea hourely I thīke my time be but very short Therfore I had neade to spend in praier as much tyme with god as I can whileste I haue it for his helpe and comforte And therfore I praye you beare with me that I do not more plainlye and in more woordes aunswere you longe talke If I sawe death not so nere me as it is I woulde then weye euery peice of your oracion if you would giue me the some of them I would aunswere them accordinglie I hope But bicause I dare not nor I wil not leaue of lokinge and prouidinge for that whiche is at hande I shall desire you to holde me excused because I doo as I do And I hartelye thancke you for youre gentle good will I shall hartelye praye GOD oure father to giue you the same lyght and lyfe as I wishe to my selfe And so I beganne as to rise vppe But then maister Harpsfeld beganne to tell me that I was in a verye perillous case and he was sorie to see me so setteled Telling further that in dede he could tell me nothinge whether death were fare of or nere But that forceth not quoth he so that you did dye well Well quoth I yes For I doubte not in this case but to dye wel For as I hope and am cercertain my deathe shall please the Lord so I trust I shall dye cherfullye to the comforte of his chyldren yea but what if you be deceaued quoth he what quoth I if you dyd saye the Sone did not shyne nowe Then it did shine thoroughe the wyndowe where wee satt wel quoth he I am sorrie to see you so secure and carelesse In dede quoth I I am more carelese secure carnallie then I shoulde be God make me more vigilant But in this case quoth I I can not be to secure for I am most assured I am in the truth That are ye not quoth he for you are not of the Catholike church No quoth I thoughe you haue excommunicate me yet am I in the Catholike church of Christe and wil be a child of it and an obediedt child for euer I hope Christe will haue no lesse care for me then he had for the blynd man excommunicate of the Sinagoge And quoth I further I am certain that the necessarie articles of y e faith I meane the .xii. articles of the Crede I confesse beleue with that which you call the holy church So that euē your church hath taken some thing to muche vpon her to excōmunicate me for that whiche by the testimonie of my Lord of Durisme in his boke of the sacramēt latelye put

furth was free of manye an yeres after Christe to beleue or not beleue what is that quoth he Transubstantiation said I. Why you are not cōdempned therefore only quod he Yes quoth I that am I and bycause I denye that wicked men do receaue Christes bodie No quoth he you agree not with vs in the presence nor in nothing els How you beleue quoth I you knowe for my parte I confesse a presence of hole Christe God and man to the the fayth of the receauour No quoth he you muste beleue a Reall presence in the sacrament In the sacramente quoth I No I will not shute hym vppe nor tye hym to it otherwise then faithe see the and permitteth If I woulde include Christes reall presence in the sacrament or tye hym to it otherwise then to the Fayth of the receauer then the wycked man shoalde receiue him whiche I do not nor will not beleue by goddes grace More pitie quoth he but a man maye easelye see you make no presence at all and therefore you agree not therein with vs. I make a presence quoth I and a true presēce but to the fayth of the receauer What quoth one that stode by of Christes verie bodie whiche died for vs yea quoth I euē of whole Christe God and man to the faythe of hym that receaueth it why quoth maister Harpsfeld this is nothing els but to exclude the omnipotencie of God and all kynde of myracle in the Sacrament No ꝙ I I do not exclude his omnipotencie but you rather doo it For I beleue that Christe can accomplishe his promise the substaunce of bread and wine beinge their still as well as the accidents And quoth I I counte it a greate miracle that common bread shoulde be made a spiritual bread that is a bread ordeined of God not for the foode of the bodye but rather for the foode of the soule For when we come to the sacrament we come not feade our bodies and therfore we haue but a litle peice of bred but we come to feade our soules by faith whiche the wicked waunte and therfore they receaue nothynge but Panem Domini as Iudas did and Panem Dominum as the other the Apostles did The wicked saithe maister Harpsfeld do receiue the verie bodie of Christe but not the grace of his bodie No quoth I they receaue not the body for it is no dead carkase He y t receaueth it receiueth the spirite whiche is not with out grace I wyne Wel quoth he you haue very many errors you counte y e Masse for abhominacion and yet saint Abrosse saide masse And so red oute of a boke written a sentence of sainct Ambrose to ꝓue it Why sir quod I the masse as it is now was nothinge so in saint Ambrose tyme. was not the most perte of the Canon made sithen by Gregorius Scolasticus and others In ded quoth he a greate peice of it was made as ye saye by Gregorius but Scholasticꝰ was before S. Ambrose tyme. I wene not quoth I howbeit I wyll not contend Saint Gregorie saith that the Apostles said masse with out Cannons onely with the lords praier you saye true quoth he for the Canon is not the greateste parte of the masse ▪ The greatest part is the sacrifice eleuacion transubstantiacion and adoracion I can awaye with none of those quoth I No I thincke the same quoth he But yet Hoc facite telleth plain lye the sacrifice of the churce ▪ you consider not well quoth I this worde sacrifice not discernynge betwixte the sacrifice of the churche and the sacrifice for the churche The sacrifice of the Churche is no propitiatorie sacrifice but a gratulatorie sacrifice The sacrifice Christe hym self offered is the propitiatorie sacrifice And as for your Hoc facite is not referred to anye sacrifyinge but to the whole action takynge eatynge you speake nowe quoth he not learnedlye for Chryste made his supper onelye to the .12 not admittinge his mother or any of the seuentie disciples to it Nowe the Apostles doo signifie the priestes I thincke quoth I that you speake ▪ as you would mē shoude vnderstand it for els you woulde not kepe the Cup awaye from the Laitie We haue greate cause to thācke you that you wil giue vs the bread for I perceaue you make it as thoughe Christe had not cōman̄ded it to his whole church Frō this talke he went to show me Eleuacion bringing out a place of Saint Basilius de spiritu ▪ And I told him that I had red y t place which semeth not to make of eleuatiō But ꝙ I be it as it is I haue ben in Prison long without bokes and all necessaries for studie and therfore I muste omitte these thinges death draweth nye I by your leaue must not leaue of to prepare for it If I could do you good quoth he I woulde be right glad either in soule or body for you are in a perellous case both waies Sir quoth I I thāck you for your good wil. My cause is as it is I thancke God it was neuer so wel with me for death to me shall be life I truste and hope in god It were beste for you to desire maister Harpsfeld quoth maister Cressewell y t he mighte make sute for you for a time to cōferre Vnto whiche woordes Maister Harpsfeld said that he would doe the beste he could for he pitied my case verie sore Sir quoth I to desire any bodie to sewe for tyme for me I neuer wil do it by godes helpe For I am not wauerynge nor I would not that anye bodye should thincke I were so But if you haue the charitie and loue towardes me you pretend and ther to doo thincke that I am in an errour I thincke the same shoulde moue you to doo as you woulde be done by as you thincke of me so do I of you that you are farre out of the way not only thincke it but also am therof assured In this and suche lyke gentle talke we departed he saing y t he would pray for me others willinge me to desire him to sue for me whiche I did not But I wished hym as muche good as he did me And as he was goinge and bad me farewell he turneth againe geueth me Ireneus prayinge me to read ouer a certeine place in it whiche thīg I told him I wold although I had red it before At the dore the wife of the house mete hym asked hym how he had done Forsothe Maisters quoth he I fynd alwaies one maner of mā of him as I found him so I leaue him I pray you sir quoth she do hym no hurte No quoth he but if I can I wil do hym good At after diner the same daye maister Clayden my keper commeth vnto me from the Erle of Darbye with whome he had dyned beinge sent for purposly about me Nowe after his cōming home this was the some of hys talke That the Erle would gladly haue me not to die