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A16718 Enquiries touching the diuersity of languages, and religions through the cheife parts of the world. Written by Edw. Brerewood lately professor of astronomy in Gresham Colledge in London Brerewood, Edward, 1565?-1613.; Brerewood, Robert, Sir, 1588-1654. 1614 (1614) STC 3618; ESTC S106411 137,209 224

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That the lawes whereby their Church is to bee gouerned are onely the Canons of the more ancient Councels and their owne Nationall Decrees and not the Decretals of the Bishops of Rome That the Councell of Constance assembled by Sigismund the Emperour with a concurrent consent of other Christian Princes decreeing a Generall Synode to be superiours vnto the Pope and correcting many enormious abuses in the Roman Church which yet remaine in practise was a true oecumenicall Councell and so likewise the Councell of Basill That the Assembly of Trent was no lawfull Councell and the Canons thereof are rather to be esteemed the Decrees of the Popes who called and continued it then the Decrees of the Councell it selfe because in this Assembly Bishops onely contrary to the practise of the Councell of Basill had decisiue voyces and the greatest parts of Bishops were Italian the Popes vassals and besides nothing was then determined that was not at Rome fore-determined by the Pope That the Sacrament of the Lords Supper ought to be administred vnder both kinds and at the least a great part of diuine seruice is to be performed in their vulgar tongues Thus are the greater number of Lawyers and learned men in France affected and those who are throughly popish are for the most part men of the basest sort wholy leauened with the bitter slanders and calumniations of malicious Friers Now if to all the forenamed kingdomes Principalities Dukedomes States Citties abounding with professors of the trueth we adde the Monarchies of Greate Britannie Denmarke Sweden wholy in a manner Protestant wee shall finde them not much inferiour in number and amplitude to the Romish partie especially if we consider that the very bulke and body hereof Italy and Spaine are by a kinde of violence and necessity rather then out of any free choice and iudgement deteined in their superstition namely by the iealousie crueltie and tyrannous vigilancy of the inquisition and their owne ignorance being a Vide indicē libro prohi ed●t iussu Clem. 8. Et Azou lin 8. Morel Ins●t cap. 26. by Clement the 8. vtterly debarred from all reading of the Sacred Scriptures whereby they might come to the knowledge of the Truth And if any shall except that the Protestants in diuerse Countries before mentioned cannot bee reputed as one body and of one Church by reason of many differences and hot contentions amongest them let such remember that howsoeuer some priuate men in this holy society rather then of it preferring their nouell and passionate fancies before the peace of the Church purchased with Christs precious bloud and the publicke weale of Christian Monarchies vnnaturall toward their owne deere Mother rending that wombe wherein they were new borne by the lauer of Regeneration forgetfull of their heauenly embassage which is not onely to reconcile men vnto God but men with men so farre neglecting their owne eternall saluation as to be vnmindfull of that most vndoubted truth He that is not in charity is in death trampling vnder foote that glorious legacie of their Lord and Maister My peace I giue vnto you my peace I leaue with you haue in heat of contention and bitternesse of their soules strained and racked their weake vnderstandings to make differences betweene themselues euen in the maine Articles of Faith and branded one another with blasphemy and heresie yet these vnchristian and vncharitable dissensions are not to be imputed to the whole sacred community of Orthodox Churches whose harmony and agreement in necessary points of Faith are onely to be esteemed by their confessions which by publicke authority they haue diuulged vnto the world How many are the differences both in doctrine and discipline betweene the Proctors for the Papall faction touching Discipline some teach their cheefetaine the Pope may erre others that he cannot some that he is subiect vnto a Generall Councell others that hee is aboue it some that all Ecclesiasticall authority is immediately in the Prelates of the Church others that it is onely in the Pope and from him deriued vnto inferiour Bishops some that he hath temporall authorities ouer Princes others not concerning doctrine some at firme that predestination both by grace and glory is meerely from Gods free pleasure others from foreseene desert and merit some that all the bookes or part of them belonging vnto the old Testament which were not in the Canon of the Iewish Church are Apocriphall others canonicall euen in the matters of Faith some that there is no originall sinne inherent in vs but only imputed others that it is both inherent and imputed some that wee are most freely iustified by the meanes of Faith Hope c. others by the value and merit of these vertues some that faith is onely a generall assent vnto diuine truths others that it is a speciall perswasion touching the remission of our sinnes through Christ some that wee appeare righteous in Gods sight partly through imputed partly through inherent righteousnesse others onely by inherent some that eternall life is due vnto our works onely by vertue of Gods free and gratious promise others through the merit of the worke done some that all the morall good works of Infidels and Ethnicks are sinnes others that they are without sinne some that the B. Virgin was conceiued without originall sinne others the contrary and that with such eagernesse that the one condemne the other of heresie yet because these contentions are betweene priuate men and they all in Spaine and Italie but not in France as hath beene hewed accord in the cheefe points of doctrine publiquely established in the Councell of Trent they boast much of their vnity Although then some priuate men vnworthy to take the word of peace and reconciliation into their virulent and contentious mouthes led more by passion and their owne selfe-pleasing conceipt then by the sacred rules of truth and piety haue laboured to sow the tares of dissention in the vineyard of the Lord and heereby haue made crooked some few branches cleauing vnto them yet the generall societies of Orthodox Churches in the publicke confessions of their faith doe so agree that there is a most sacred harmony betweene them in the more substantiall points of Christian Religion necessary to saluation This is manifest out of the confessions themselues which are these the Anglicane the Scotiane French Heluctian former and later the Belgie Polonie Argentine Augustane Saxonicke Wirtenbergicke Palatine Bohemicke or Weldensian confession for there is none of the Churches formerly pointed out in diuers places of Europe which doth not embrace one of these confessions and all of them harmoniously conspire in the principall Articles of Faith and which neerest concerne our eternall saluation as in the infallible verity and full sufficiency of the Scriptures diuine essence and vnitie of the euerlasting Godhead the sacred Trinitie of the three glorious persons the blessed incarnation of Christ the omnipotent prouidence of God the absolute supreame head of the Church Christ iustification by
the voluntary submission of the Grecians vpon their separation from the latin Church greatly increased it for thereby not onely Greece Macedon ●spirus Candie and the Isles about Greece in all seuen Prouinces came vnder his obedience but also Sicil●e and the East point of Italie named Calabria reuolted from the Bishop of Rome and for a long time pertained to the Patriarch of Constantinople Nouell Leon. De ordine Metropolitan in Lib. 2. To●ri L●uris as appeareth in the Nouell of Leo Sophus touching the order and precedence of Metropolitans belonging to that Patriarchie And by the like ordination set downe by Andronicus Paloeologus in Curopalates Orientalis Curopalat de Official Palat. Constātinop prope sinem where wee find the Metropolitans of Syracusa and Catana in Sicilie of Rhegium Seueriana Rosia and Hydruntum in Calabria registred among the Metropolitans of that Iurisdiction Thirdly it was inlarged by the conuersion of the north regions to Christian Religion performed by his Suffragans and ministers euen from Thrace to * Cromer de script Polon L. 1. Herdenst de Bell. Mosc l. 1. Gu●guin Descript●on Moscou c. 2. Russia and the Scythian Sea the like whereof was the principall cause that so farre inlarged the Bishop of Rome his Iurisdiction in the west parts of Europe And fourthly by the Turks conquests made vpon the Westerne countries subiect before to the Bishop of Rome all which while partly the former Bishops and Pastors fled to auoid the Turks oppression like the hireling that forsaketh the flocke when he seeth the wolfe comming and partly while the Patriarch of Constantinople to supply that default was faine to prouide them of new ministers they haue beene by little and little brought trained to the Greeke religion Now as touching the proper characters of their religion I must for the better designing and remembring of them set before me some instance or patterne to compare it and other sects of Religion withall And that is most fit to be the Romane Church both because their differences with that Church specially are in writers most obserued So that by that meanes my discourse may be the shorter and yet no lesse perspicuous to you that know the opinions of the Romane Church so well The principall characters then of the Grecians religion for none but the principall you require and to mention euery slender difference of ceremonies would be but tedious and fruitlesse and is beside without my compasse are these that follow 1. 1 Concil Florent Sess. 18. sequentib Ierem. Patriarch Cōstant in Resp. 1. ad Germanos cap. 1. That the holy Ghost proceedeth from the father onely not from the sonne 2. 2 Cōcil Florentin prope Initium Respons Graecer ad cardinal Guisan Quest. 9. That there is no purgatory fire 3. 3 Resp. cad Graecor Q. 5. Ierem. Patr. Resp. 1. cap. 1. That they celebrate the Sacrament of the Eucharist in both kinds 4. 4 Ierem. Resp. cad c. 10. 21 And in leauened bread and thinke it cannot be effectually consecrated in bread vnleauened 5. 5 Posseuin de Rebus Mosco uiae pag. 43. That they reiect extreame vnction 6. 6 Id. lib. citat pag. 40. And confirmation 7. 7 Ierem. Respons cap. 21. That they deny the soules of holy men to enioy the blissefull vision of God or the soules of wicked men to be tormented in hel before the day of iudgement Th. a Ies. de Conu gent. l. 6. c. 1. 8. 8 Tom. vnionis inter nouel Constantin Porphyrogen in Tomo 1 Tur. Orientalis lib. 2. Zonar Annal. Tom. 3. in Im pe Leon's philosophi That they admit Priests marriages namely so that they may keepe their wiues married before their ordination but must not marry after ordination 9. 9 Resp. Graecor ad Guisan Quest 8. Posse●i● de reb Moscou That they prohibite vtterly the fourth marriage as a thing intolerable Insomuch that as we find recorded their Patriarchs haue for that cause excommunicated some of their Emperours although they had no issue left of their three former marriages 10 Posseu l●b 〈◊〉 pag. 41 et 2. ●●llamont on ●oyag l 2. c 21 10. That they reiect the religious vse of massie images or statues admitting yet pictures or plaine images in their Churches 11 Vil●am on Vo●ag l. 2. c. 21 ●t Alij 11. That they solemnize Saturday the old sabbath festiually and eat therin flesh forbidding as vnlawfull to fast any Saturday in the yeare except Easter Eue. 12 Posseuin l. 〈◊〉 p. 42. 12. That they obserue foure lents in the yeare 13 N●lus Episcop Thes●al de Primatu Papae Barlaam de primatu Papae et Alij Leo. 9. epist. 1. 〈◊〉 Episcop Constātinop 13. That they eate not of any thing strangled nor of bloud 14 Acrican et in pluribus 〈◊〉 S●●●bert in Ch●onico ad An. ●●5● Possen de Reb Mosco p 38. 〈…〉 14. And lastly that they deny the Bishop of Romes primacy and reputing him his Church for schismaticks exclude them from their communion And so haue done as I finde in Leo the ninth his Epistles and in Sigebert aboue these 500. years And if you desire to see more differences of the Greeke and Romane Church you may see them but they are of lesse importance then those I haue related in Posseuines booke of the matters of Moscouia Of the Syrians or Melchites CHAP. XVI SYrians are the same that in some Histories are termed Melchites beeing esteemed for their number the * Botar Relat. pa. 3. l. 2. ca. de Melchiti greatest sect of Christians in the Orient The first * Postel in Descript. Syriae pag. 30. being properly the name of their nation And the second noting the property of their religion Surians they were named to let vaine fancies go of the Citty of Tyre which in the ancient language of the Phoenicians Gellius l. 14. c. 6. Festus in D●●ctione sarra was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and certainelie that Tyre was anciētly called Sarra is recorded by the * For Pos●els phantasie deriuing Suria from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is meerelie vaine beeing neuer so named in the Hebrew tongue but alwaies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which name also it seemeth anciētly to haue bene knowne euen among the Grecians for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mentioned in Homer are no other as Possidonius in * Strad l. 26. in fine Strabo expounds him then the Syrians Strabo himselfe also recording in other places that the Syrians * Vitria histor Oriental c. 43 Niger in commenta● 4. Asiae Postell in descrip Syriae pag. 50. were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in his time And that the * Strad l. 13. non long ante fine naturall inhabitants of Syria so called themselues Yet neuerthelesse they were vulgarly knowne by the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 among the Grecians because the Citie of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 beeing the maine mart