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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62284	The reformation of the Church of England justified according to the canons of the Council of Nice, and other general councils, and the tradition of the Catholick Church being an answer to a paper reprinted at Oxford, called (The schism of the Church of England) demonstrated in four arguments, formerly proposed to Dr. Gunning and Dr. Pearson the late bishops of Ely and Chester, by two Catholick disputants, in a celebrated conference upon that point : in which answer the unworthy and false dealings of the papists are shewed, and the charge of schism returned upon them, and the Church of England proved truly Catholick and apostolick in her doctrine and constitution / by Dr. Saywell.	Saywell, William, 1643-1701.	1688 (1688)	Wing S804; ESTC R34023	26,158	36

THE REFORMATION OF THE Church of England Justified according to the Canons of the Council of Nice and other General Councils and the Tradition of the Catholick Church BEING AN ANSWER to a Paper reprinted at Oxford called the SCHISM of the Church of England Demonstrated in four ARGUMENTS formerly Proposed to Dr. Gunning and Dr. Pearson the late Bishops of Ely and Chester by two Catholick Disputants in a celebrated Conference upon that Point In which Answer the unworthy and false dealings of the PAPISTS are shewed and the Charge of SCHISM returned upon them and the CHURCH of ENGLAND proved truly Catholick and Apostolick in her Doctrine and Constitution By Dr. Saywell CAMBRIDGE Printed by John Hayes Printer to the University For Edward Hall Bookseller there And are to be sold by Luke Meredith at the Angel in Amen-Corner London 1688. TO THE READER READER THOU hadst not now been troubled with the following Papers if a Relation of part of a pretended Conference with Bishop Gunning late Lord Bishop of Ely and Bishop Pearson late Lord Bishop of Chester had not been afresh Reprinted at Oxford and sent abroad into the World as a piece unanswerable by these two Eminent Prelates of our Church In which tho' there be nothing new and which has not been long ago answer'd yet to satisfie the World about the Truth of that Matter and to remove any prejudice that some might otherwise conceive concerning these Learned and Pious Bishops I will give a short account as near as I can at this distance of time of the Matter of Fact and then proceed to a particular Answer to the several Arguments in order as they lie The Conference was managed in writing about 30 Years ago and by mutual agreement nothing was to be made Publick without the allowance and consent of both Parties But such was the disingenuity and unworthiness of one of the Romish Disputants that contrary to the Faith and Promise he had made he sets forth a Book and pretends it to be an account of the Conference with Bishop Gunning and Bishop Pearson when he had left out changed and misplaced Matters as he pleased himself insomuch that his Partner was very much ashamed of his dishonest and unfaithful Dealing and did utterly condemn him for what he had done and renounced his having been engaged in approving or consenting to such a hase and disingenuous Proceeding and did openly own and acknowledge so much to the Persons concerned An account whereof was given to the World by Mr. Thomas Smith of Christ-College in Cambridge in a little Book called a Gagg for the Quakers with an Answer to Mr. Denn's Quaker no Papist Lond. Printed for J. C. and are to be sold near the North-door of St. Paul's Church-yard 1659. That which follows in your Book about Mr. Gunning and Mr. Pearson who disputed against the Romanists all who know these Ministers know to be superfluous and frivolous However I think fit to tell you the Romanist who put forth an Edition of that Dispute hath so changed transposed added diminished and made of it what he list that I believe it will be as soon owned for your I mean not J. S. but H. D's Conference as Mr. Pearson's or Mr. Gunning's I must now tell you further what you have been oft enough told that that Relation cannot expect to be regarded by Mr. P. or any sober Person which is disclaimed and disowned by Three of the Four who were Disputants viz. by both the Protestants and half the Papists But chiefly I must entreat you to consider whether the inserting above 200 Lines at a time as a part of the Conference which never was part of it besides all professed Additions secondly whether the leaving out whole Sheets of the Protestants which the Papists thought too hard to answer and thirdly the scarce suffering any one Argument and Answer of both to come together but casting usually parts of the same Paper of Mr. G. many score Leaves asunder one from another be not a scandal that any Christian would desire might be cover'd with silence And I would gladly know from any Ingenuous Person whether this might not be Answer enough to a Book put out at the charge of the Romanist's own Purse and Conscience A Discourse by being mangled rendred so unintelligible that scarce any Man ever read it over or will. Reverend Mr. William Moor the deceased Library-Keeper was perswaded by J. S. to read one Leaf but professed before many Witnesses he would not read another if you would give him the whole Impression because it was so unintelligible for the Causes above-mentioned This account was thought sufficient to satisfie the World that the Relation of that Conference ought not to be regarded and that it needed no other Answer But perhaps some will demand why was not the Conference then Printed whole and intire Now the reason of that was because the Popish Adversary did run all the Dispute into obscure and metaphysical Niceties that few could understand and fewer would take the pains to read it and so it was not thought fit and a needless charge to trouble the World with it Besides both the Bishops did tell their Friends when they discoursed with them about a fuller Answer that they thought it altogether unnecessary because though the Dispute were mangled and misrepresented yet that which they had Printed was still unanswered by them and unanswerable by any of their Party and they were perswaded that all Men who would carefully read the Book would be of the same mind And as for this Paper that is added at the end of the pretended Conference and now Reprinted at Oxford the Author do's not so much as say that it was part of their Dispute but a pure Addition of his own wherein they were no more concerned than other Divines and they did not think they were bound to answer whatsoever he should afterwards write and publish to the World and yet this Oxford Paper would without any ground or the least colour impose upon the World that this is a part of that forementioned Conference Neither did the Cause it self or the state of Affairs then require any particular Discourse upon that subject the Books of Bishop Fern Arch-bishop Bramhall Dr. Hammond and Dr. Heylin being then in every Bodies hands wherein they had fully vindicated the Church of England from any imputation of Schism and the learned Men of that time were so well satisfied with what they had written that it was needless to trouble the World upon that account But now 't is expected every thing that peeps out should receive a due Answer I have therefore endeavour'd to prove from truly Catholick Principles such as our Adversaries themselves cannot gain-say that not only the Doctrine and Constitution of our Church is most sound and Catholick but even the Order of our Succession and the Method of our Reformation was truly Regular and Canonical and that all the Author 's own Arguments do return

upon his own Head and evidently prove himself and other English Papists guilty of Schism An ANSWER to a Paper called the Schism of the CHURCH of ENGLAND demonstrated c. IT has been the constant Profession of the Church of England that the Word of God interpreted by Catholick Tradition and a truly Oecumenical Council not a Patriarchal one of a few Italians in the West ought to be hearkened to in Matters that concern the Peace and Unity of the Church And it has been also frequently and learnedly proved by our English Bishops and Divines that the Points in difference between the Church of England and the Church of Rome are so far from being Matters of Faith that they are modern Errors imposed upon the Christian World besides and contrary to the Determinations of General Councils and Catholick Tradition so that our dissent about them from the Roman Church can be by no means accounted Heretical or Schismatical but all these Arguments urged by the Oxford Paper will evidently prove that those Bishops Priests and Lay-men that set up Altar against Altar and hold separate Congregations in Opposition to the Church of England do break the order of Catholick Communion and are guilty of Schism But before I apply my self to return an Answer to the several Arguments it will be requisite to give a short account of the Reformation In the Reign of Hen. 8. there was an Assembly held the Determinations whereof are now extant and to be seen wherein the Archbishops and Bishops Bishop Bonner and Gardner Voysey Heath Tunstall amongst the rest did declare that the Bishop of Rome ought to have no jurisdiction here in England but the Archbishops and Bishops and the National Church had Power to order all Matters within themselves without the concurrence of the Pope so as they did keep to the Faith and Unity of the Catholick Church and for this they alledged the Authority of the Council of Nice and other General Councils And as for the byshoppe of Rome it was many hundreth yeres after Christe before he coude acquire or gette any primacy or gouernance above any other byshoppes out of his province in Italie Sithe the whyche tyme he hath ever vsurped more and more And though some parte of his power was gyven unto hym by the consent of the emperours kynges and princis and by the consent also of the clergie in generalle councelles assembled yet surely he atteyned the moste parte thereof by meruaylous subtiltie and crafte and speciallye by colludynge with greatte kynges and princis sometyme trayninge theym into his deuotion by pretence and colour of holynes and sanctimonie and some tyme constraining them by force and tyranny Wherby the sayde byshoppes of Rome aspired and arose at lengthe vnto suche greatnes in strength and auctoritie that they presumed and toke vpon them to be heddes and to put lawes by their owne auctoritie not onely vnto al other byshoppes within Christendome but also vnto themperours kinges other the princis and lordes of the worlde and that under the pretence of the auctoritie commytted vnto them by the gospell Wherin the saide bishops of Rome do not onely abuse and peruerte the true sense and meaning of Christis worde but they doo also cleane contrarie to the vse and custome of the primitiue churche and also do manyfestly violate as well the holy canons made in the churche immediately after the tyme of the apostels as also the decrees and constitutions made in that behalfe by the holy fathers of the catholike churche assembled in the fyrst general councels and finally they do transgresse theyr owne profession made in their creation For all the byshoppes of Rome always whan they be consecrated and made byshoppes of that see do make a solemn profession and vowe that they shall inuiolably obserue and kepe all the ordinances made in the eight first general councels amonge the whiche it is specially provided and enacted that all causes shall be fynished and determyned within the prouince where the same be begon and that by the byshops of the same prouince and that no byshop shall exercise any iurisdiction out of his owne diocese or province aud dyverse suche other canons were then made and confyrmed by the sayd councels to represse and take away out of the churche al suche primacy and iurisdiction ouer kinges and bishops as the bishops of Rome pretend now to haue ouer the same In the Reign of King Edward 6. The Bishops and Clergy having free Liberty to meet and debate of Matters of Religion without the Pope did find other Abuses and Corruptions besides that of the Pope's Usurpation over the Governours of the Church and did in the Convocation 1552. establish Articles of Religion a publick Liturgy and Book of Ordination the same in substance with those that are now in use amongst us and the Archbishops and a far major part of the Bishops were consenting thereunto not above 5 or 6 were displaced for their disorderly behaviour and dissent from their Brethren and others by the Metropolitan and Bishops of the Province ordained and settled in their Bishopricks according to the usual custom of that time as all Historians and our very Adversaries are forced to confess The Church of England being thus regularly settled was never from that time to this very day regularly changed by any Canonical Authority but has oftentimes been confirmed since both by the Authority of the Convocation and of our Kings and Parliaments and consequently the present Bishops are Lawful Pastors without any guilt of Heresy or Schism and all within their several charges are bound by the Council of Nice and other general Councils to live in their Communion and to submit to them as those that are appointed by the Holy Ghost to direct and govern them in Matters of Religion and all Neighbour Churches are obliged to allow us the Communion of Coordinate Churches and to own us as true Members of Christ's mystical Body The Holy Catholick Church The only Objection of any Moment that is made against this Regular Succession is from the interruption it met with in the short Reign of Queen Mary But when the Matter of Fact is looked into it will appear that nothing which was done in her Reign will be any prejudice to our Succession nor can by any means take off the Regular Settlement of the Church of England by the Convocation in King Edward's Reign but that the Acts thereof are still in force except in some particulars which have been changed by Convocations afterwards For the Synods which were held and the Ordinations that were made in Queen Mary's days were not carried on in a Regular Manner by the Archbishops and Bishops of the Province but by the Authority of the Pope and those Bishops which were justly deposed and set aside and so had no jurisdiction nor any right or title to exercise their Authority in this Realm and therefore could

Cambden who wrote the Annals of those Times The Account that he gives us is this that the Number of Ecclesiastical Promotions was 9400 of all which only 80 Rectors of Churches 50 Prebendaries 15 Presidents of Colleges 12 Archdeacons 12 Deans and six Abbots were turned out in all 175 most if not all of them very likely put in unjustly in Queen Maries Days or else chosen out particularly for their known Obstinacy and Humour in contending for the Errors of the Church of Rome And yet what a poor handful they were to the rest which were above 9200 who did Return to Lawful Settlement of the Church in King Edward's Days and the true Canonical Bishops then remaining who concurred in Ordaining Archbishop Parker and other Bishops restoring and setling the Reformation God Almighty in his due Time put an end to all those immoderate Heats and Contentions and inspire Papists and other Dissenters with that Charitable and Peaceable Temper which always eminently appeared in the true Catholicks of the Church of England And let all those that heartily desire the Advancement of Religion and the Salvation of Mankind consider that the way to promote the Glory of God and the Peace and Unity of the Church is not to carry on secular Designs to impose the private Opinions of the Council of Trent and Roman Schools nor yet the Fanatical Devices of some Modern Reformers but by maintaining the truly Ancient and Apostolick Faith Devotion and Discipline delivered and recommended to us by the Word of God and Example and Authority of the Primitive and Catholick Church which is and can be observed no where in greater Perfection than in the Church of England as is Established by Law. THE END Concionatores imprimis videbunt ne quid unquam doceant pro concione quod à populo religiosè teneri credi velint nisi quod fit consentanen̄ doctrinae Peteris Novi Testamenti quodque ex illa ipsa doctrina Catholici patres veteres Episcopi collegerint Now their sense does no where appear more undoubted than in the decrees of General Councils and in the Practice and Tradition that was generally allowed in the Primitive Church Synod Lond. A. 1571. C. Concionatores Firmil Ep. ad Cypr. inter Ep. Cypr. n. 75. Contra Ep. Step. Papae Eos qui Romae sunt non ea in omnibus observare quae sunt ab origine tr●adita frustra Apostolorum auctoritatem pretendere Vide Concil Trull Can. 13. can 55. Where the Church of Rome is commanded by name to amend some Errors which yet she has never done so the Church did not think the Bishop of Rome had authority to give Laws to her but was himself bound to submit to the Canons and the Order of the Church See the Subscription to a Book called the Institution of a Christian Man. Institut of a Christian Man. Londini in aedibus Thomae Bertleti Regii impressoris A. 1537. p. 47 48. Acts Mon. v. 2. p. 346. dedicated to the King H. 8. by Thomas Archbishop of Canter and Edward Archbishop of York and all other Bishops and Prelates and Arch-deacons of this Realm Can. Apost 34. Concil Nicen. c. 4. 6. Concil Antioch c. 9. Con. Const. p. 1. c. 2. Con. Eph. c. 8. Con. Calced c. 28. See the Popes Oath dist 16. c. 8. sancta octo c. See Dr. Heylin's Reform Vindic. Dr. Burnet's Hist. of the Reform part 2. book 1. p. 195. Coll. of Record pag. 209. n. 55. Qui undecennium primum meminerunt Regínae Elizabethae haud quicquam eomitius vel romissius fuisse praedicabunt Decimo tertio demum anno biennio scilicet post quam Pius 5. Bullam hu● sua●● parum piam misisset atque ex ea boreales illae turbae extitissent paulo tum facta commotior ut par erat statuere cepit contra bullas tabellarios sed praeterquam in eos nihil superstitionis vestrae causa sancitum est durius c. audi Philopatrum ipsum Jesuitam Reginam de regni sui initiis sic alloquentem Dum initio Regni tui mitius aliquanto cum Catholicis ageres dum nullum adhuc vehementissimè urgeres nullum admodum premeres vel ad sectae tuae participationem vel Fidei antiquae abnegationem omnia sane tranquilliore cursu incedere videbantur nec audiebantur magnae querelae nec insignis aliqua dissensio aut repugnantia cernebatur nec deerant quanquam male qui Ecclesias vestras ut vobis placeant ac gratificarentur corpore saltem etsi non animo frequentabant legi● hic Jesuitico atramento depicta puta minus hic dici plus intelligi Bishop Andrew's Torturâ Torti p. 148 149. Ita religio in Anglia mutata orbe Christiano mirante quod tam facile sine 〈◊〉 Cambden Elizab. p. 36 39. Ex hac religionis mutatjone ut observarunt politici Anglia facta est omnium reguorum in orbe Christiano liberrima oputentior quam secrdis superioribus p. 40. Vid. Bull. Pontif apud Combd p. 179. Synod Lond. An. 1603. c. 30. Tantum aberat ut Ecclesia Anglicana ab Italiae Galliae Hispaniae Germaniae aliisve similibus Ecclesiis voluerit per omnia recedere quic quid eas sciret tenere aut observare ut quod Ecclosiae Anglicanae Apologia profitetur cenemonias illas cum Reverentia susciperet quae utra Ecclesiae incommodum hominum sobriorum offensionem retinere posse senserat in iis tantum articulis à praedictis Ecclesiis dissentiret in quibus eadem ipsae tum à pristina sua integritate prius desciverant tum etiam ab Ecclesiis Apostolicis à quibus proseminatae sunt That is we only separate from and reform their Errors but do not separate from their Persons and Communion See how the Church of England does Communicate with all Churches in the Vindication of Bishop Gunning the late Lord Bishop of Ely by Dr. Saywell in his Evangelical and Catholick Unity pag. 302 c. Guide in Controversy dis 3. c. 8. n. 84. B. Churches Coordinate may without Schism or fault differ from one another or one of them from all the rest in several Doctrines and Opinions c. Thus he vindicates the Church of Rome wherein it differs from the Greek and other Churches and by the same Reason other Churches may differ from her without Schism or Fault Heb. 13. 17. Firmil inter Ep. Cypr. 75. de Stephano Epis. Romano ait peccatum verò quam magnum tibi exaggerasti quando te à tot gregibus scidisti excidisti n. teipsum noli te fallere Siquidem ille est verè Schismaticus qui se à Communione Ecclesiasticae unitatis apostatam fecerit dum n. putas omnes à te abstinere posse solum te ab omnibus abstinuisti S. Cyprian did joyn with Fermilian in the same Cause and it was thought by them in those early Days that there was no Obligation to adhere to the

Bishop of Rome and if he did Excommunicate any upon such Account he did cut himself off from the Unity of the Catholick Church Unless in such Matters wherein the whole Church did agree with the Bishop of Rome and yet though St. Cyprian lived and died in Opposition to the Bishop o● Rome as much as we do now he is more Honoured and of greater Renown in the Church than Pope Stephen himself Vide Ep. Jo. Launoii Jacob. Bevilaqu Tom. 8. Compare our English Form with the ancient Forms in Morinus de Ordinationibus and you will find nothing wanting that is essential See the Protector 's Letter to Bishop Gardner quoted below Burn. Hist. part 2. pag. 276. Vid. Pet. de Marca de Concord Sacerdotii Imper. lib. 8. alibi Jo. Launoi Ep. Hen. Gondrino sen. Arch. T. 8. Out of Archbishop Parker Exod. 21. 14. 1 Chron. 22. 8. Dist. 50. c. 8. siquis viduam c. decret lib. 5. de homicid Voluntar 15. Q. 6. c. 3 4. 5. Decret lib. 5. de Haeret c. 13. sext Decret lib. 2. Tit. 14. c. 2. ad Apostolicam Tit. Papa Imperatorem deponere porest Thomas 2. 2dae q. 12. Art. 2. See Acts Mon. vol. 2. p. 337. c. Tortur Tort. p. 150. nihil ab iit quesitum ut facerent quam quid his jam anto fecerant sub Hen. scit 8. Ed. 6. Heathus Bonnerus Tonstallus Thurlbeius tum Episcopl Baynus Burnus reliqui nondum Episcopi aliis quoque ut praestarent Authores fuere etiam idorum quidam libris scriptis defenderent quid hic iniqui si de eodem iterum compellentur Vid. Bull Pii 5. apud Cambd. p. 179. Tortur Tort. p. 148. audet Apologia Author asserere neminem Pontificiorum Religionis causa in judicium vocasse Reginam scil neminem ad supplicium condemnasse quamdiu scili cet rem religionisagerent nec cum religione Rebellionis semina permiscerent neque priusquam Pius Papa per Bullas suas hic in Angliam per copias vero cohortes suas ibi etiam in Hiberniam impetum impressionem fecisset hic plumbo ibi ferro in Anglia clavibus in Hibernia gladiis rem gessisset Conf. Aug. c. 10. Chem. exam Ger. de coena Dom. Cal. l. 4. instit c. 17. §. 19. John 6. 53. Card. Bona Rer. Lit. l. 2. c. 18. semper ubique ab Ecclesiae primordiis usque adseculum XII subspeciepanis vini c. Coll. of Record part 2. p. 155. This is our express Pleasure's where there is a full consent of others the Bishops and Learned Men in a truth not to suffer you or a few others with wilful headiness to disswade all the rest About the beginning of the Queen's Reign Bishop Jewel's Defence of the Apol. 2. part Ed. 1567. p. 130. Our Bishops are made in Form and Order as they have been ever by free Election of the Chapter by Consecration of the Archbishop and other three Bishops p. 131. To be short We succeed the Bishops that have been before our days We are Elected Consecrated Confirmed as they were That they concurred in Consecrating Archbishop Parker c. See Mr. Mason de Minister Angl. p. 353. out of the Regist. Cambd. Eliz. p. 38. Bishop Godwin de presulib Angl. in Vita Parkeri Archbishop Bramhall The Consecration and Succession of the Protestant Bishops justified and many others Cambd. Elix p. 36. See Cambd. Elix p. 179. 1 Acts 20. 2 Artic of the Church of Engl. 37. 3 The Book of Ordination receive the Holy Ghost for the Office and Work of a Bishop in the Church of God now committed unto thee by the Imposition of our hands Ignat. Ep. ad Smyrn Trall Tertull. de Bapt. c. 17. 4 Cypr. Ep. 68. 1 Tim. 3. 7. Matt. 18. 17. Can. Apost 1. Concil Nicen. Can. 4. Matt. 28. 19. 20. 1 See what opposition was made by the Pope and Jesuits to the Divine Right of Episcopacy in the Council of Trent in the Hist. of Father Paul Card. Pallavicini 2 Bp. Andrews Bp. Bilson Bp. Dounham Bp. Hall Bp. Taylor Dr. Hammond Dr. Heylin c. 3 Petrus de Marca de concordia Regni Sacerdotii lib. 3. c. 5. n. 1. Antiquo juri universalis Ecclesiae assensu roborato successit jus novum quod anno Domini 836. publicari cepit adnitente Nicolao primo allis Pontificibus c. Voell in Praefat. ad Codic Can justell pag. 1. jus novum veteri successit circa annum Christi 836 paulatim invaluit in occidente c. This New Law was the Pope's usurping the Power of Choosing and Confirming of Bishops and receiving the last Appeals from all Churches which before did belong to the Archbishops and Bishops of the Province as the General Councils do shew de Mayca and others have learnedly proved and so acknowledge that Usurpation which we charge upon the Pope See our Articles Liturgy and Canons besides We retain great part of the Ancient Canon Law though We reject the jus novum brought in by the Pope 836 Years after Christ. See B. Andrews Tortur Tort. from p. 144. to 152. largely shewing the Treasons and Cruelties of the Papists and the Mercy and the Clemency of the Reformers besides what does appear in Acts and Monuments and other Histories of those times Bp. Andrews Tortur Torti pag. 146. Cambr. Eliz. p. 28. adeo indignati sunt Lincolnsensis Wintoniensis Watsonus Whitus ut Regina ●iljus ab Ecclesiae Romana defectionis Authoris excommunicationis censura feriendos censuerunt qui ab hanc causam incarcerati Prudentiores à. Pontifici Romano hanc potius committendam esse statuerunt Acts Mon. vol. 3. p. 988. Camb. Eliz. p. 36.