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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57335	A sure guide, or, The best and nearest way to physick and chyrurgery that is to say, the arts of healing by medicine and manual operation : being an anatomical description of the whol body of man and its parts : with their respective diseases demonstrated from the fabrick and vse of the said parts : in six books ... at the end of the six books, are added twenty four tables, cut in brass, containing one hundred eighty four figures, with an explanation of them : which are referred to in above a thousand places in the books for the help of young artists / written in Latine by Johannes Riolanus ...; Englished by Nich. Culpeper ... and W.R. ...; Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum. English	Riolan, Jean, 1580-1657.; Culpeper, Alice.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654.; Rand, William.	1657 (1657)	Wing R1525; ESTC R15251	394,388	314

he would repair in any measure the wrong done to my Husband and myself I desire to be Your Servant in and for the Truth Alice Culpeper From my House next door to the Red Lyon in Spittle-fields October 18. 1655. Mris. Culpeper did the 18. of October subscribe this Epistle in Vindication of her Husband's Reputation before Ten Witnesses as she had done another Epistle on the ninth of October almost in the same words with this except neer the Conclusion THE CONTENTS OF The First Book Of Osteology or the History of the Bones CHAP. 1. The Intent of the Author is declared 1 Chap. 2. Why we begin our Anatomy with the Treatise of Bones 3 Chap. 3. The Division of Osteology or the History of the Bones 4 Chap. 4. Of the Composition and Definition of a Bone ibid. Chap. 5. Of the Qualities or Natural Disposition of the Bones 5 Chap. 6. Of the Conjunction of Bones 6 Chap. 7. The Division of a Sceleton 8 Chap. 8. Of the Head being the first Part of the Sceleton ibid. Chap. 9. Of the upper Jaw 11 Chap. 10. Of the Orbitary Bone 12 Chap. 11. Of the inferior Jaw ibid. Chap. 12. Of the Os Hyois ibid. Chap. 13. Of the Teeth 13 Chap. 14. Of the Trunk being the second Part of the Sceleton ibid. Chap. 15. Of the Chest 14 Chap. 16. Of the Limbs being the third Part of the Sceleton and first of the Scapula 15 Chap. 17. Of the Shoulder ibid. Chap. 18. Of the Cubitus and Radius 16 Chap. 19. Of the Hand ibid. Chap. 20. Of the Bones of the Ilium 17 Chap. 21. Of the Bone of the Thigh ibid. Chap. 22. Of the Leg. ibid. Chap. 23. Of the Foot 18 Chap. 24. In what Particulars the Bones of Men differ from those of Women ib. Chap 25. Of the number of the Bones in a Mans Body 19 Chap. 26. The History of an Infants Bones till the Age of seven years ibid. Chap. 27. Of the Head 21 Chap. 28. Of the Back and Breast-bones 23 Chap. 29. Of the upper Limbs 24 Chap. 30. Of the Inferior Limbs ibid. Chap. 31. Of the Number of Bones 25 The Second Book CHAP. 1. General Precepts which he that would be an Anatomist must be first acquainted with 26 Chap. 2. Of the Natural and Legitimate Conformation of the Body 29 Chap. 3. The Division of Mans Body 31 The Medicinal Consideration ibid. Chap. 4. Of the lower Ventricle 32 The Scituation of the parts of the Belly ibid. The Medicinal Consideration 33 The Medicinal Consideration 34 Chap. 5. Of the Scarf Skin 34 The Medicinal Consideration ibid. Chap. 6. Of the Skin 35 The medicinal Consideration 36 Chap. 7. Of the Fatty Membrane ibid. Chap. 8. Of the Fleshy membrane 37 The medicinal Consideration ibid. Chap. 9. Of the common membrane of the muscles 38 Chap. 10. Of a muscle in the general ibid. Chap. 11. Of a Tendon 40 Chap. 12 Of the muscles of the Belly ibid. The medicinal Cosideration 42 Chap. 13. Of the Peritoneum ibid. The medicinal Consideration 43 Chap. 14. The Division of the Parts of the Belly 44 Chap. 15. Of the Navel ibid. The medicinal Consideration 45 Chap. 16. Of the Omentum or Call ibid. The medicinal Consideration ibid. Chap. 17. Of the Guts 46 The medicinal Consideration 48 Chap. 18. Of the Mesenterium ibid. The medicinal Consideration 49 Chap. 19. Of the Sweet-bread or Pancreas 50 Chap. 20. Of the Vena Porta ibid. Chap. 21. What is to be considered in the Vena Porta 51 Chap. 22. Of the Celiacal Artery 52 Chap. 23. Of the Stomach ibid. The medicinal Consideration 54 Chap. 24. Of the Liver 57 The medicinal Consideration 58 Chap. 25. Of the Bladder of Gall 59 The medicinal Consideration 60 Chap. 26. Of the Spleen 61 The medicinal Consideration 63 Chap. 27. Of the Vena Cava and Aorta within the lower Belly 64 The medicinal Consideration 65 Of the Aorta descending 67 Of the Nerve of the lower Belly ibid. Chap. 28. Of the Kidneys ibid. The medicinal Consideration 68 Chap. 29. Of the Vreters 70 Chap. 30. Of the Piss-Bladder ibid. The medicinal Consideration 71 Chap. 31. Of the Genitals of a Man and first of the Yard 73 The Medicinal Consideration 74 Chap. 32. Of the Groyns 76 Chap. 33. Of the Fundament ibid. The Medicinal Consideration 77 Chap. 34. Of the Cod and Stones ibid. The Medicinal Consideration 78 Chap. 35. Of the Vessels which carry the true Seed of the Seed-Bladders and the Prostatae or Auxiliaries 79 The Medicinal Consideration 80 Chap. 36. Of the Genital Parts of a Woman and first of the External ibid. The medicinal Consideration 82 Chap. 37. Of the internal Parts of a Woman which serve for Generation 83 The medicinal Consideration 85 Chap. 37. Of the Pains of the Loyns 90 The Third Book CHAP. 1. Of the Chest 94 Chap. 2. Of the Dugs of Women 95 The medicinal Consideration ibid. Chap. 3. Of the external Parts of the Chest 97 Chap. 4. Of the Pleura Mediastinum and Pericardium ibid. The medicinal consideration 98 Chap. 5. Of the Midrif or Diaphragma 101 The Medicinal Consideration 102 Chap. 6. Of the Lungs or Lights ibid. The medicinal consideration 103 Chap. 7. Of Respiration or fetching of Breath 105 Chap. 8. Of the Heart 107 The medicinal consideration 110 Chap. 9. Of the Vessels viz. Veins Arteries and Nerves contained within the Chest 113 The Fourth Book CHAP. 1. Of the Head 118 The medicinal consideration 119 Chap. 2. Of the Brain 121 The medicinal consideration 130 Chap. 3. Of the Eyes 136 The medicinal consideration 138 Eye-Lids Diseases 139 Tear-Kernels Diseases 140 Diseases of the Tunica Conjunctiva ib. Diseases of the Cornea Tunica 141 Diseases of the Vvea Tunica ibid. Diseases of the Pupilla ibid. Diseases of the Chrystalline and Glassie Humor 142 Diseases of the Optick Nerve ibid. Diseases and Symptomes of the Sight ibid. Chap. 4. Of the Ear 191 The medicinal consideration 192 Chap. 5. Of the Face and outside of the Mouth 194 The Medicinal Consideration 195 Chap. 6. Of the Nose 197 The Medicinal Consideration 198 Chap. 7. Of the Neck 199 The Medicinal Consideration 201 Chap. 8. Of the Teeth and Gums 202 The Medicinal Consideration ibid. Chap. 9. Of the Gums 204 Chap. 10. Of the Pallate ibid. Chap. 11. Of the Vvula and Isthmus ib. The Medicinal Consideration 205 Of the Isthmus ibid. Chap. 12. Of the Tongue ibid. The Medicinal Consideration 206 Chap. 13. Of the Larynx or Head of the Wind-pipe 207 The Medicinal Consideration 208 Chap. 14. Of the Aspera Arteria or Wind-pipe ibid. The Medicinal Consideration 209 Chap. 15. Of the Oesophagus or Gullet ibid. The Fift Book CHAP. 1. Of the Limbs 210 The Medicinal Consideration 211 Chap. 2. Of the Superior Limbs ib. Of the Shoulder-blade and the Arm from the Shoulder to the Elbow ib. Of the Cubit or part of the Arm from the Elbow to the Hand 212 Of the Hand ibid. Of the Nails ibid. Chap.

Pain of the Stomach There is feling in the whol Stomach but it is exquisite in the upper Orifice by reason of certain Nerves of the Six Pare which are there interwoven with admirable workmanship Feeling is Abolished and Diminished when there is need of hungring and Re●●sing Meat thirsting and yet the Stomach perceives it not but refuses both Meat and drink This proceeds from a great di●temper of Heat or Cold which causes Mor●ification unless the Patient be distracted The sence of feeling is depraved in the Pain of the whol Stomach or of the upper Heart-burning Orifice thereof which drawes the Heart and noble Parts to Sympathise therewith wherefore this pain of the Stomach is called Cardiogmos Cardialgia and the aking of the Heart or Heart-burning and causes that kind of swouning which is called Syncope Stomachica the Stomach swouning and comes through the Hearts Sympathising with the S●omach And to this Pain of the Stomach belongs Anxiety and U●quiet tumblings and Anxiety ●ossings which the Greekes terme Riptasm●s or Asse from whence the Feaver Assodes has its Name in which the Sick are ful of unquietness The motion of the Stomach is Relaxation Coarctation By the Want of Contraction upon the Meat H●ccuping Bel●hing latter it shuts it self upon the Meat to digest the same and when that motion failes there is nothing but ●●uctuations and risings both when a man is ful and fasting The motion of the Stomach is depraved in Hiccupings and Bel●hings Hiccuping is more trouble some then Belching and is an il sign in feavers whether it come by fault of the Stomach it self or by its Sympathising with some other Part especially the Li●er Hippocrates mentions a Disease called Morbus Ru●●uosus the Belching Disease Disorders in point of Excret●on are frequent in the Stomach either upwards in Symptomes in excretion a●e Vomitings and Spawlings or downwards in the Lienteria Diarr●●a and Coel●a●a Affectio Vomiting happens either by reason of obstruction of the upper or of the lower Vomiting Orifice if the upper be obstructed the Meat is stopped in the upper Orifice a while and presently after Vomited if the fault be in the lower the Meat is retained a longer time and at last Vomited up A daily Vomiti●g up of Choler without further trouble is no Disease nor ill Of Ch●ler Symptome because it happens by reason that a branch of the Choler carrying Vessel is carryed into the Stomach as Galen observes and proves by examples Vomiting of Blood is an evil Symptome whe●her the Blood flow from the Liver Of Blood by the Veins which are branched from the porta into the Stomach or from the Spleen by the h Ta● 4. Fig. 8. let h. □ Vas Breve Somtime the Patients life is Vomited up this waies according to that expression of a Poet. O●t of his Mouth he sperves his Purple Soul The frequent breaking up of wind with Belching may be reduced to this Symptome Of wind of Vomiting and this may be that which is termed Cholera Sicca known to Hippocrates and declared with its signs by Ludovicus Dure●us in his Comment upon the Coick Praedictions of Hippocrates But there is a Malignant Symptome called Cholera humida Of Choler up and down which is a violent and plentyful voiding of Choler upwards and downwards which kills within four daies becauses very much Evacuation suddenly caused is dangerous H. p. 1. Book of Aphorismes and al excess is an Enemy to Nature according to the same Hippocrates It proceeds from an Inflamation of the Stomach which is allayed by cooling aud astringent Remedies inwardly taken and outwardly applied but especially by the drinking of the spaw Waters and other Medicinal springs of the like Nature and by Laudanum discreetly given We must avoid the use of cordial and Stomach Pouders of an hot Nature because they vex and fret the Stomach The Physitians of Paris do let Blood in a smal Quantity though the pulse be very weak least the Stomach Heat being suffocated a Gangraene should arise Spawling or Salivation unless it be caused by anointing the Body with Quicksilver 2. Spawling which they cal Fluxing comes either from the Brain or else and that oftentimes from the Spleen whose superfluous serosity is received into the Stomach and voided at the Mouth by spitting and spawling The Cardiacus Morbus belongs to the Diseases of the Stomach of which read Morbus Cardiacus Trallianus Lib. 3. Chap. 5. 25. And Mercurialis in Varjis Lectionibus T was knowingly said of Seneca in his 15 Epistle Bibere et sudare Vita Cardiaci est drinking and sweating is the Life of a Cardiacal Person Pliny in his 23. Book Cap. 1. of his Natural History saies that al Hope of Curing this Disease consists in the use of wine Which he borrows from Varro out of the 14. Chap. of the 13. Book This Morbus Cardiacus is an extreme Faintness of the Stomach joyned with much sweating it proceeds from an hot Distemper thereof Among Diseases of the Stomach Rumination ought to be reckoned which is an Rumination inversion or turning of the Stomach as it were Inside out which in some Living Creatures is no trouble as in those that chew the ●ud Of this Disease see what Horstius saies in his Epistles Out of this Anatomical and Pathological Discourse may be collected what parts Vomits warily to be used are purged through the Stomach by way of Vomit whether it be safe to exagitate this Part by Violent Vomits whether it be good to use a mans self to this kind of Evacuation seeing no good Hu●wife makes a ●lo●e-stool of her Pottage-Pot The best way is diligently to preserve the Stomach and to Roborate ●s Tone or contractive Vigor rather than to dissolue and s●●cken the same by Vomiting unless Nature desire to di burthen her self that way and the patient be easie to vomit and such preparatives be prem●●ed as the Antients were wont to use Wherefore they deal unskilfully not to say wickedly who after many other Vomits not to be given to persons very weak Medicines tried do give vomits to such as are at Deaths door as the last help which suffocate that little life which remaines and bring a speedy death But some wil say that Empericks and Mountebancks do this with good success I answer if you should reckon up those patients who have taken them to their cost you would find an hundred dead for two robustions persons saved who scaped by their good fortune not by help of the vomiting Medicament it is better to use vomits rather at the beginnings of Diseases while Choler works and ferments in places neer the Stomach than when the Pangs of Death have seized upon the Patient 'T is Man slaughter to wrong People in their health The discreeter sort of Empericks when they are called to such Patients are wont to find fault with what other Physitians have acted and to declare the Patient

a●cend unto the left ●…de the first whereof is called Ca●…tis b f. 4 a. □ S●●st●a going upwards the second is named c f. 4. B. □ Subclavia ●inist●a and a d T. 24. f. 2. A. □ hile a●te● d Axillaris Axillaris when it is come as far as the Arm-pits and ●ends forth the e T. 12. f. 4. δδ □ Arte●●a Cervicalis ●●er the Shoulder-point The Right Subclavian Artery having over-past the Claves does produce that Artery which i● termed Carotis f f. 4. a. □ Dex●ra which neer the corner of the lower Jaw-bone is like the internal J●guiar Vein divided into two no able B●anches the g f. 4. c. □ Internal and h f. 4. b. □ External They are termed Arteriae Carotides Sleepy Arteries Carotides because they being compressed do make a man ●al into a ●eep sleep and take away he Voyce Wh●…h I have often demonstrated i● Dogs and how the ●ame is done b●●ying a Nerve of the sixt Conjugation Ga●en in his Book of the Utility of Respiration does conceive and proves by Whether the obstruction of the Carotides do cause deep Sleep making experiment in Live Creatures that Animalls are no way offended by ●●ing o● 〈…〉 the Jugular Arteries and therefore he refers the Sleepy-Evil to the Jugular Veins I shal ●ather think that in Apoplexies and Dead-sleeps the Arteries are stopped than the Veins Valverda does 〈…〉 that Columbus made publick demonstration in a youth that deep sleep is caused by compression or constriction o● the Caro●ick Arteries but he does not tell us how he did it That the a●cent of the Carotick Arteries and their penetration into the brain by the holes of the Skul may be plainly perceived you shal put in a very smal ●rass W●re that wil be●d with a knob at the end into the several divisions of this Artery which may be done and shewed by the vulgar way of dissecting the Brain beginning from the upper Part not from the lower Part a●ter the manner of Varoli●s and in the Neck you shal put your Probe into the Catotick Artery The Tru●k of the Aorta being writhen towards the left side and bent downwards The Intercosta●s again is born up by the Vertebraes of the back and in its progress as far as the Os Sacr●… ou● of each side produces as many Arteries as there are Vertebraes neither is there ●ound any soliiary Artery to accompany the solitary Vein but there are such like petty Arteries which supply its place Within the Chest they may be termed a Intercoastal Arteries beneath in the Lumbal lower be●ly b the Lumbal or Loyn Arteries they insinuate themselves in●o the spinal Marrow by the holes o● the Vertebra's which may be proved by a memorable example in Galen in his fourth Book of the Parts affected One out of a vehement Inflamation of the Lungs fel into a P●lsie of his upper Limbs and the upper intercostal Nerves being anointed he was cu●ed I and my most learned fellow Collegiate Dr. Merlet have seen a P●lsie caused by Communion of the Arteries spinal Marrow translation of the matter of a Pleurisie into the Marrow of the back which Pal●● freed the Patient from the eminent danger he was in by reason of the Pleurisie So Hippocrates in his Coicks observes that a Convulsion takes away a Feaver by translation of the Morbi●ick Matter into the Marrow of the Back The hinder c Neck Artery may do as much which waters the Marrow of the Neck I know not how the Humor which causes an Apoplexy ●alling through the fourth Ventricle of the Brain upon that Marrow of the back should bri●g the Palsie into one side more than another by that way before mentioned viz. The Cervical and Intercostal Arteries the serous Humor may be derived into either side By the same Reason the serous matter may through the Celiack Artery return back into the Aorta and by the little Arteries pene●rating the Marrow of the back be derived into the Nerves of the inferior Limbs and on the other side the matter of a true or bastard Sciatica by the continuation of the thickest Nerve may return into the Marrow of the back from whence it may be revelled by the Aorta into the Mesentery In the Chest we are to take notice of eight remarkable Nerves or Sinnews Two Nerves of which are called Diaphragmatici two are termed Recurrentes two Stomachici and two Costales Diaphragmatici the Midrif Nerves taking their rise between the a T. 10. f. 7. A B. □ fourth and Diaphragmatic ●i●t Vertebra's of the Neck from that same thick Nerve of the Neck which goes into the Arm they de●cend between the ●oldings of the Mediastinum unto the Nervous Centre of the Diaphragme or Midrif The Recurrent b T. 3. f. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 □ and Stomachic are branches of a Nerve of the sixt Conjugation Recurrent or pair whose Trunk you shal seek for in the Neck near the internal Jugular by the Apophysis Mastoides where it is cle●t into two branches the one of which is dis●emmia●ed into the Superior Mu●cles of the Neck the other being placed between the internal Jugular and the Carotis descends unto the Claves where it is parted into two branche● the Recurrent and the Stomachic The bending back of the left Recurrent Nerve is found about the place where the Their bending Back where to be ●ound Aorta is bowed in and that easily before the Pericardium is opened You shal find the bending back of the right Nerve about the right subclavian Artery I have often seen Dogs live and run after their Recurrent Nerves were cut and have my self made publick demonstration thereof but they could not bark a● all and when these Nerves are tied they deprive the Animal of voyce and being united the voyce returns wherefore it is apparent that these Nerve● serve to make the voyce because they return upwards that they may be inserted into the He●ds of the Muscles of the Laryn●● Tongue and Os Hyoide● which arise from the Inferior Parts You shal search for the Stomachic c T. ● f. ● III. c. Nerves beneath the Heart near the Vertebra's Stomachic they ●●e hid within the folding of the Mediastinum and from them you shal perceive ten or twelve ●wigs drawn into the a T. 3. f. 8. h h. □ Lungs and of the smal branches of the two Stomachick Nerve● folded and 〈◊〉 together is made that ●ame Nervorum Mir●●ilis Ple●us wonderful contexture of Nerves in the upper Orifice of the stomach Afterwards the Stomachick Nerves creeping along the hinder Parts of the Stomach are near the Back-bone between the two Kidney b T. 3. f. 2. H. □ Joyned to the c T. 3. f. 8. B B. □ Costals so as to make that d T. 3. f. 8. ∧ □ Contexture of Nerves out of which al those Nerves are derived which

unto the Eye are Their Vessels more easily observed within the Brain than in the Eye after it is pulled out Neither is the motive Nerve so easily detected being dispersed among the Muscles as it is within the Brain while you observe its progress even to the very Eye-hole d f. 7. B B. f. 9. B B. □ The Medicinal Consideration Although the Eye be but a smal Part of the body yet is there no Part aflicted There are diuers Diseases ●…e Eyes and destroyed with more Diseases And therefore the ancient Physitians when they had diligently examined the structure thereof they observed so many and so divers disorders in its Parts as did amount to about one hundred and twenty partly Diseases and partly Symptomes and distinguished them by their Proper Names which in other Parts they did not do And Rome and Alexandria had Physitians that attended only the Cure of the Eyes In imitation of them I shall Of which some are general of the whol Eye a● declare the disposition against Nature happening to the Eyes And because most of the Names are Greek few of them Latin and our Chyrurgeons use them after the example of Leonardus Fuchsius in his Medicinal Institutions I wil retain and use them as Latin Names An Arabian Physition Haly by Name has writ a Book by it self of Diseases of the Eyes and there is a considerable French Book of the same Argument written by Jacobus Guillemeau the Kings Chyrurgeon unto which you may add if you please the Author of Medicinal Definitions the Book of Galen touching the differences and Causes of Symptomes and a bastard Book de Oculis attributed to him The Eye therefore is afflicted either by being encreased or diminished in its Diseases of Magnitude Quantity The Eye is diminished when it consumes for want of nourishment its Magnitude is augmented when it swels without the Eye-hole or Socket It s Scituation is changed when it fals without the Eye-hole which Disease is Of Scituation termed Ecpiesmos or if it turn to one side or another as in Squint-Eyed People and in him that saw through his nostrils and was therefore called Rhinoptis There ought to be two Eyes and therefore he that wants one is diseased in Number Number and is called Monoculus Furthermore the Eye is troubled by an hot and a cold Distemper and by inflamation Distemper c. of the whol body which by putrefaction of the Humors is turned into an Impostume It is somtimes Ulcerated whence the Eye becomes spoiled and the sight diminished And in case an Inflamation of the whol Eye turn to Suppuration which is called Hypopyon and transparent matter be collected under the Cornea Tunica shewing that the other Humors are not putrified there is hopes the Patient may recover sight the quittor being let out by pricking the Cornea which is happily practised at Paris and so with the Quittor a watery Humor is let out as in the couching of a Cataract Besides these general Diseases al the Parts whereof the Eye is made up have ● Special Diseases of other Parts their Diseases and Symptomes which I will particularly and briefly explain beginning at the Eye-Lids Eye-Lids Diseases as Emphysema Hydatis A moist distemper of the Eye-Lids with wind or a flatulent Spirit is called Emphysema With much Wheyish Humors it s termed Hydatis and by Celsus Vesica and Aquula which does so load and depress the upper Eye-Lid that it cannot be lifted up An hot distemper of the Eye-Lid Joyned with a thick Humor is cald Sclerophthalmia Sclerophthalmia Xerophthalmia Psorophthalima Hard-eyedness A dry distemper without Humors is Xerophthalmia if it cause Itching Psorophthalmia Unto which may be referred the Phthiriasis or Lowsie-Evil of the Eye lid If the said said hot and dry distemper Joyned with a sharp Humor do cause Redness pain and falling of the Hairs it is called Ptilosis Milphosis or Madarrhosis Ptilosis If it make the Inside of the Eye-Lid rough its called Tracoma which if it be Tracoma Sycosis Tulosis Crithe Chalasion● great so as to resemble the smal Seeds that are in Figs it s cald Sycosis if it be hard and of long Continuance its Name is Tulosis A little Tumor upon the upper Eye-Lid springing from a thick Homor is called Crithe the Barly-Corn If it be greater and movable because of its likeness to hail it called Chalasion the Hail-Stone A Disease of the Eye-Lids in Contiguity is when the Eye-Lids stick unto the Anchiloblepharon Coat of the Eye or to one another which Disease is called Anchiloblepharon the cause whereof is an exulceration of the Coat or the Eyes or the Eye Lids the exulceration being caused by an hot and dry distemper with a sharp Humor Lagophthalmia is a Convulsion of the upper Eye-Lid or a drawing back thereof Lagophthalmia Ippos by reason of a Cicatrice or some seam Ippos is the trembling of the said Eye-Lid both these Symptomes come by Consent of the Brain affected and therefore they are dangerous Ectropion Inversion is a Disease of the lower Eye-lid in Scituation of Figure Ectropion it is caused by a Scar without or by an excrescence of internal Flesh Chalasis or the loolness of the Eye-Lid is caused either by a Palsie through Chalasis consent with the Nerves of the Brain or by a moist distemper of the Eye-Lid in both cases the Hairs are turned inwards The generation of the Hairs of the Eye-Lids being depraved is called Trichiasis Trichiasis Dystichiasis it is twofold when more are bredthan ordinary it s called Dystichiasis when there is a row of Hairs more than usual But when the natural Hairs are only longer and inverted t is caled Phalangosis in both these the Hairs prick the Eyes t is caused Phalangosis by a moist distemper of the EyeLids with much Humor which is not sharp Tear-Kernels Diseases The Caruncle or little bit of Flesh in the greater corner of the Eye makes a Tumor Euchantis against Nature which is called Euchantis the Diminution of the said Caruncle is termed Rhyas which causes a dropping of moisture from the Rhyas Eye Near the said Caruncle and the Nose there breeds an Impostum through Inflamation which is called Anchylops which being broken and turned into a Fistula is Anchylops Aegylops termed Aegylops The Diseases of the Muscles of the Eyes as distempers Laxity and solution of Continuity are distinguished by the Names of the Respective Symptomes Diseases of the Tunica Conjunctiva The hot distemper of the Conjunctive Coat with Humor as blood or Choler if it be light and proceeding from an external cause as the wind or dust or a blow is Taraxis called Taraxis But if it spring from an internal cause as a Plethora or Cacochymia it is termed Opththalmia When it is but beginning it is called Epiphora which is a Name Ophthalmia Epiphora common to an

declare the disea●s which viciate the Backbone such as are Lordosis Cuphosis Scoliosis and Seisis Lordosis is a disease of the Backbone when the vertebras thereof are out of their Lordosis place and turned inward or forward Cuphosis is a disease of the Backbone when its Vertebra's are dispointed and Cuphosis turned outwards or backwards Lordosis happens in the Back as Cuphosis in the Neck and Loins Scoliosis is a crooking or wreathing the Backbone to one side Scoliosis Scisis is such a Commotion of the Vertebra's of the Backbone as that they remaine indeed in their places but so as their frame and fashion is disordered Scisis Scoliosis is the Inclination of the Back-bone to one side or another when we goe depends upon some fault in the twelft Vertebra of the Back where the motion of the The cause of Scoliosis Back-bone is performed This Vertebra is received by its Neighbours above and beneath and does not receive as all other Vertebra's doe beside For it is Joynted not by way of Gynglimus but by way of Arthrodia and therefore if its Apophyses either upper or nether shal be depressed it cannot sustaine the ●ru●ke of the body bolt upright in motion but it must of necessity leane to one side or another and this fault comes to People when they are Childr●… being brought into the world with them or caused by ill carrying or b●… of the softnes of those Vertebra's while the Child is forced to use its Legs ●●oner than is fitting I have shewed another Cause of halting according to Galens doctrine in my Chapter of the Thighs Those two Causes of halting are irreparable and incurable The Luxation of the second Vertebra of the Neck causes a squinzie which in few hours does choak the Patient becaus it cannot be restored into its place The diseases of Os sacrum are of great Moment whether they be tumors or ulcers by reason of its natural constitution the whole Bone being in a manner spungie ●istulous and perforated within and without and therefore when this Bone is Diseased ●he Patien is in danger of his Life as Hippocrates observes in his Book de Glandulis In his third book De Fracturis he gives us to understand that the Os sacrum being exulcerated is not cured without very great difficulty which Galen also con●…s in his Comments Langius in his Epistles relates that he saw two gallant Gentlemen worne away with incredible raging pain their Os sacrum being putrified so that in conclusion they consumed away and dyed Chap. 16. Of the Scapula Having diligently Viewed the trunk of the Body you shal proceed unto the It s Articultion with the Brachium Limbs and you must principally observe the Articulation of the T. 21. f. 1. A. □ Scapula or Shoulder-blade with the b T. 21. f. 1. C. □ Arme which is made by the way of Arthrodia by the coming between a most thick and nervous Ligament which does round about embrace the whol Joynt Also four muscles viz the c T. 22. f. 3. A. □ Supraspinatus d T. 22. f. 3. B. □ infraspinatus the e T. 22. f. 1. 3. C. □ Rotundus minor Its Muscles and f T. 22. f. 1. D. □ Subscapularis doe with their broad tendons incompass the said joynt The Cavity of the g T. 21. f. 2. c. □ Head Omucopole being not sufficiently proportioned to receive It s Cavitie the Shoulder which was so contrived to make the motion more easie and free but it is augmented with a Gristle which crowns the Lips of its Cavity Then you shal discover under the h T. 22. f. 1. A. □ Deltoides a broad and remarkable Ligament It s Ligament which reaches from the Shoulder-tip as far as to the Coracoides Apophysis that it may hold in the Arme aloft to prevent Luxation upwards Afterwards you shal observe the extremity of the T. 21. f. 2. ● □ Clavicula articulated with It s ArtiCulation with the Clavicula the Shoulder-tip or Acromium which is therefore termed Catapleis although Galen in the 12. Chapter of his Book of the dissection of Muscles does call the first upper Rib by that name because it s placed beneath the Clavis Ruffus Ephesius cals the Acromium the coupling band of the Clavis and Scapula but Eudemus saies that it is a very little Bone which in children is a most exact gristle which though in process of time it degenerate into a Bone yet until they be 18. years old it retains much of the substance of a gristle contrary to the nature of al the other bones Some whiles it grows so highly together with the spine of the Scapula that in a person of middle age wrastling or exerci●eing it may easily be seperated which happened to Galen as himself tels us in his first Book de Articulis The like accident he observed in another as he relates in Comment ad Part. 1. Sect. 1. de Officina Hippocrtes himself takes notice of the Luxation of this Bone in his Articulis where he saies that the Acromium or shoulder-point is of a different nature in mankind from that which it is in other Creatures Upon the Neck of the scapula rests an a Apophysis which in children is an Epiphysis The use of the Apophysis coracoides from the likeness to a Crowes bil or an ancher it is termed coracoides and ancuroides It prohibits the shoulder from slipping out on that side according to Galen in Com. in part 1. Sect. de Art and therefore it was framed for the security and strength of the Articulation For when the Actions of the Hand and arme are forwards the shoulder would easily be unjointed unless it were retained by the coracoides and therefore the laxation of the shoulder is seldome towards the fore part Hippocrates did observe it once and Galen saw it five times at Roome as himself relates in his comment ad Part. 4. Lib. 7. de Articulis Now the pars of the Scapula he thus distinguished as much of the whol Commissure The parts of Scaplua how named by Galen or Joynting as is subiect to the sight he caled Omos that part which is under the knitting of the shoulder he called Epome which we terme Acromion and that broad part of the Scapula which is scituate behind and is covered with muscles is by Galen termed Omoplatae From this place we may gather fish out the Interpretation of an obscure passage in Cornelius Celsus in his eighth Book Againe from the Neck two broad bones on either hand doe goe vnto the Scapulae our Countrymen call them Scoptula operta the Greeks terme them omoplatas Celsus cals them Scopula operta because they stick out By Celsus like boughs of Trees and are scituate in the upper part of the Chest For the tops of Mountains were by the ancient Latins termed Scopula which Tertullian in his Book de Pallio