20 Zottl 22 51 00 29 10 Zottsted 22 51 10 28 20 Zottwitz 28 51 10 34 15 Zschimichen 22 50 50 29 30 Zubern 26 51 40 32 20 Zublow 10 13 53 00 32 10 Zuchou 22 50 50 29 20 Zuck 40 41 43 47 55 24 20 Zuckmante 1 24 30 50 10 34 30 Zuenicke 22 33 50 20 29 40 Zuffenhausen 45 48 35 25 50 Zug 38 46 40 24 40 Zuger See 38 46 40 24 40 Zhurstein 32 49 20 33 20 Zukleibe 23 51 40 32 00 Zulauff 24 25 51 30 34 00 Zulberg 22 50 20 29 00 Zule 0 53 30 28 10 Zullich 10 135 52 10 33 00 Zullichaw 24 25 36 52 10 32 20 Zulichendorff 10 12 52 40 30 20 Zulin 10 125 52 50 29 50 Zultenhagen 12 52 30 30 40 Zultz 24 50 20 34 00 Zumflin 22 50 30 29 30 Zumloch 38 50 20 23 20 Zumsw 42 48 15 24 â—5 Zumteich 20 51 40 28 50 Zuntzen 41 43 47 40 24 05 Zuntzentorf 41 48 40 24 05 Zuatlangenhain 19 51 10 26 40 Zur 16 52 10 25 50 Zur fl 41 48 40 24 20 Zurbach 40 48 10 24 30 Zurich 1 38 47 00 25 00 Zuricher 38 46 40 25 00 Zurlag 41 42 44 48 10 24 25 Zurlein 38 50 00 23 20 Zurlied 16 52 15 26 20 Zurmarhausen 01 48 10 27 30 Zurmulen 05 53 25 25 20 Zurzach 38 41 47 20 24 45 Zusweier 40 41 43 44 48 15 24 25 Zuten 10 12 52 00 31 00 Zutern 38 39 45 49 00 25 10 Zutphen 38 52 00 22 00 Zutzevitz 08 53 40 33 00 Zuverhusen 16 52 30 25 50 Zuyder Elbe 03 53 45 26 30 Zuyder gronden 3 4 53 45 24 00 Zuyder Zee 1 38 52 40 21 10 Zweckfrontze 27 51 35 33 40 Zwehofel 28 51 00 34 15 Zweibrucken 39 49 10 23 40 Zweidorf 16 52 15 27 10 Zweilitschinnen 38 46 00 24 00 Zwenfurt 22 51 20 29 30 Zwenick 22 50 30 29 50 Zwerbenberg 45 48 25 25 10 Zwergen 16 51 20 26 20 Zwetel 33 48 30 31 30 Zwettenicht 23 51 25 32 10 Zwetzen 15 51 00 28 20 Zweybrodt 28 51 05 34 05 Zwicka 22 33 50 30 29 10 Zwlckaw 22 50 40 29 30 Zwidel 33 48 50 30 20 Zwiebrucken 38 49 00 23 40 Zwifalten 45 48 05 26 10 Zwifalten Torst 35 48 05 26 00 Zwikowetz 33 49 50 30 40 Zwingr 40 48 00 24 25 Zwirzetitz 2 33 50 20 31 50 Zwitta 32 49 30 33 30 Zwitta fl 32 49 20 33 40 Zwole 32 49 40 33 50 Zwoleniowe 2 33 50 00 31 00 Zwoll 38 52 40 22 00 Zwyckow 2 33 50 40 31 30 Zwynge fl 04 54 00 25 40 Zypel 15 52 10 28 40 Zyra 22 50 30 29 00 Additional Subscribers since the Publishing of the first Volume of the Atlas MICHAEL Lord Arch-Bishop of ARMAGH Lord Primate and Lord Chancellor of Ireland Earl of ARRAN Eldest Son to D. 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Directions for the Book-binder to place the Maps of this second Volume of the English Atlas 1 GErmania pag. 1 2 Albis Fluvius Generalis pag. 4 3 Circa Hamburgensis pag. 4 4 Saxonia Inferior pag. 53 5 Bremensis Ducatus pag. 56 6 Lunenburgensis Ducatus pag. 64 7 Mecklenburg Ducatus pag. 69 8 Pomerania pag. 76 9 Rugia Insula pag. 81 10 Marchia Brandenburgensis pag. 85 11 Vetus vulgo Altmarck pag. 88 89 12 Mittle Marck pag. 88 89 13 Nova vulgo Newmarck pag. 90 14 Anhalt Principatus Magdeburg Ep. 92 15 Brunsvicensis pag. 96 16 Luneburgensis pag. 101. 17 Hildesheimensis pag. 105. 18 Halberstadiensis pag. 107. 19 Turingia pag. 109. 20 Mansfeldiae Comitatus pag. 111. 21 Saxonia superior pag. 113 22 Misnia Voitlandia pag. 115. 23 Lusatia pag. 119. 24 Silesia Ducatus pag. 121 25 Inferior pag. 121 26 Gloganus Ducatus pag. 124 27 Volaviensis Ducatus pag. 124 28 Breslaviensis Ducatus pag. 125 29 Lignicensis pag. 125 30 Grotganus pag. 126 31 Glatz Comitatus pag. 127 32 Moravia pag. 129 33 Bohemia pag. 133 34 Franconia pag. 137 35 Terriorium Francofurtense pag. 139 36 Henneburgensis Ducatus pag. 140 141 37 Werthemiensis Comit. pag. 140 141 38 River Rhein pag. 4 39 Palatinatus Rheni pag. 4 40 Badensis Marchionatus pag. 145 41 Alsatia pag. 148 42 Upper Alsatia pag. 148 43 Lower Alsatia pag. 148 44 Strasburg pag. 149 45 Wertenburgensis Ducatus pag. 150
which an Englishman will reap from the perfect knowledge of this Tongue will be an ability of understanding much more readily the Histories and Customs of his own Country For there are in England and English writers innumerable names which will never be rightly explain'd by any man utterly ignorant of the German Tongue Nor is it enough to have breath'd in the German air and to return with a little smattering of the modern Language but our English Antiquary ought to be a man that has traced the Dutch Language thro the several alterations it has met with by the frequent change either of time or place The daily sensible corruption of our own Tongue Corruption of their Tongue is sufficient to inform us what we are to expect in another after a revolution of some Centuries 'T is true the High Dutch are not so much enamour'd of A-la-mode French words and phrases as the English yet 't is impossible but that every Age should produce some notable alteration in the best of Languages What the Language was before Charles the Great 's days we have no other way of guessing then by consulting the proper names of men and places mention'd in Latin Historians for this Emperor was the first that by his own example taught them to write Books in the German Tongue By his appointment Kaiban Haimo and Strabo translated the Bible into High Dutch and Otfrid a Monk turned the four Evangelists into German Verse of which later there are still many Copies to be seen one of which was printed at Basil in the year 1571. A little before the Emperor Rudolph the First 's public Edict for the Pleading and Registring all Law-cases in the German Tongue we find the life of Anno Archbishop of Colen a Copy of which was published by Martin Opitz the Maro of the German Nation as he is usually stiled at Dantzic in the year 1639. Melchior Goldastus has collected and in the second Tome of his German Antiquities published a great many old Francic or High Dutch Edicts Patents c. besides several Glossaries and other small fragments An ancient Paraphrase on the Canticles written by Willeramus Abbot of Merseburg was published out of an old Manuscript in the Library at Leyden by Raphelengius in the year 1598 and afterwards illustrated with learned observations written and published by Franciscus Junius F. F. at Amsterdam in the year 1655. The famous P. Lambecius in the account he has given of the Imperial Library at Vienna has published several fragments in the same ancient Dialect which had been lost for many years And the industrious F. Junius now mention'd has collected a great company of Francic Glossaries never yet publish'd Besides we find among that learned man's papers which by his Last Will and Testament he bequeathed to our University of Oxford Tatian's Harmonia Evangelica in Latin and Francic upon which he has writ Notes and a large Commentary All which with many other of that incomparable Authors works may 't is hop'd e're long be published How much these several pieces differ from one another and how vastly all of them vary from the Dutch found in Luther's Translation of the Bible will be best discern'd by those who not without infinite pleasure and satisfaction shall take the pains to compare them Nay as I am inform'd there is no small difference in spelling and dialect between M. Luther's own Manuscript Copy of the High Dutch Bible still kept in the Library at Noremberg and the printed Copies that bear his name and have his very words but alter'd according to the modish speaking of later years As no particular Age has hitherto given us the sight of an entire German Tongue so neither are we to expect to find it perfectly spoke at this day in any one Dukedom or Province in the whole Empire The Citizens of Vienna are thought to speak tolerable good High Dutch tho the rest of the Austrians bestow too much breath upon their words and speak far broader then any other Germans All agree that the Misnians talk most accurately and in Meissen the Citizens of Leipsic have usually the preeminence Of Learning and Learned men amongst the GERMANS 'T Was questionless long before the Germans arrived at any great stock of Learning tho what Tacitus reports of them that they were all of them utter strangers to Letters is notoriously false as we have shewed before The only care they took to preserve the memory of any great man was by registring the famous actions of his life in Doggerel which they used to sing among themselves but never committed any part of it to writing Their Letters made use of chiefly if not altogether in their Idolatrous Ceremonies were reckon'd too sacred to be employ'd in humane affairs Some Schools they had wherein the Priests and others that serv'd at their Altars were educated and instructed in the principles of their false Religion but none of these mysteries were revealed to the Commonalty For altho as Cluverius affirms the Priests themselves had some knowledge of a true God the Creation of the World Eternity of the Soul c. yet these secrets were deliver'd to the Rustics in dark Fables and mysterious Riddles After the Germans grew acquainted with the Romans especially in the Reign of Hadrian the Emperor several good Schools were erected in many places of Germany insomuch that their young Noblemen were commonly taught to understand and write Latin Nay they are said to have been so greedy of learning any thing that came from Rome that the German Soldiers would ordinarily return out of the Camp perfect Romans both in Language and Manners But most of these Schools were upon or near the banks of the Rhine and still the Northern Germans were destitute of all opportunities of such good education Yet afterwards when the Kings of France got footing in Germany they especially Dagobert and Charles the Great founded Schools wherever they came One grand undertaking which the Governors and Masters of these Schools enter'd upon was the reducing of the High Dutch tongue to writing which before that time had never been tyed up to any rules This they found to be a difficult task and it was long before they could compass their designs insomuch that for many years all manner of proceedings at Law nay the very rudiments which were taught to School-boys and whatsoever else was committed to writing were constantly drawn up in the Latin tongue But by degrees the Germans got their Language regulated and then apply'd themselves to the study of all the liberal Arts and Sciences And they went on with so much zeal Vniversities that in a short time there were several Universities of good note Histories report of Charles the Great that he built Gymnasia or great public Schools for the teaching of the Arts and Sciences according to the number of the Letters in the Alphabet many of which grew up in time to be Universities which multiplied so exceedingly that Justus
great success for English-men were the first they shot at Soon after the Spaniards got the knack and they quickly handed it over to the Moors Tho the common vogue has usually hitherto given the Germans the credit of being the first inventors of Guns and 't is no great matter if we go with the stream yet many of our Countrymen are unwilling to give away the honour of inventing the Powder from our English Nation Roger Bacon a Franciscan Frier sometime Fellow of Merton-Colledg in Oxford in one of his Epistles inscribed ad Parisiensem has these words In omnem distantiam quam volumus possumus artificialiter componere ignem comburentem ex sale Petrae aliis instead of aliis a Manuscript Copy in the hands of our late Learned Dr. Gerard Langbaine Provost of Queen's Colledg in Oxford had Sulphure Carbonum pulvere He adds Praeter haec sunt alia stupenda Naturae nam soni velut Tonitrus coruscationes possunt fieri in aere imo majore horrore quam illa quae fiunt per naturam Nam modica materia adapta sc ad quantitatem unius pollicis sonum facit horribilem coruscationem ostendit violentum hoc fit multis modis quibus Civitas aut Exercitus destruatur Igne exsiliente cum fragore inaestimabili Mira haec sunt si quis sciret uti ad plenum in debita quantitate materia In which words he tells us plainly That out of Saltpeter Sulphur and Coal-dust he could make fire which should burn at what distance he pleased that with the same matter he could cause Thunder and Lightning in the Air more terrible then that produc'd by Nature that a City or Army might be destroy'd by this kind of fire that the flame burst out with an unspeakable noise c. Whence says our ingenious Dr. Plott in his Natural History of Oxfordshire 't is plain he either invented or knew Gunpowder Dr. d ee in his Annotations upon the Epistle now quoted fancies he conceal'd the invention purposely in the word aliis for so all the Copies he had met with read the passage as well knowing what a murdering thing Gunpowder would prove if discover'd But he had another reason sufficient to stop the discovery For his Skill and Mathematics had given occasion to some of his ignorant acquaintance to take him for a Conjurer and as such to commit him to prison Which jealousies would questionless have been augmented by his raising these kind of Thunderings in the Air. He dyed in the year 1292 which was near an hundred years before ever any German pretended to the invention of Guns The relations we have of the Spaniards first discoveries of Mexico and Peru will inform us what strangers the Americans were to the use of Guns Those poor Pâ—gans concluded the Spaniards must needs be Gods when after Lightning and Thunder their Companions fell down dead before them Hereupon they began to sacrifice to them as solemnly as to any of their Idols till the Spanish cruelty had given them reason to change their opinion They had no other argument to put a stop to their devotion then a perswasion that 't was impossible Heaven should be a Kennel of such Blood-hounds as they had experienc'd these men to be and therefore they resolv'd to try whether these Thunderers were not mortal The proposed experiment they managed thus When a company of them had made a shift to catch a stragling Spaniard they dipp'd him over head in water which they conitnued to do so long till by his being drown'd they discover'd his mortality But it was not long before the Americans themselves grew acquainted with these Engines of Thunder and within a short time the Spaniards Guns recoil'd upon their Masters Both Spaniards and English have smarted in the West Indies for revealing this secret of war to the Pagan Natives Another invention the Germans challenge which has been as great an advancement to learning Printing as the former to war viz. PRINTING The Hollanders will not allow of this pretension asserting obstinately that this admirable invention was first hit upon at Harlem in that Province Bertius Boxhornius and Scriverius a Citizen of Harlem are stout maintainers of this their pretended right and alledg many probable arguments in behalf of what they say We shall give the Reader a short account of the arguments on both sides and refer the determination of the controversie to himself The Germans tell their story thus This noble Art was invented at Strasburg in the year 1440 by John Guttenburg an Alderman or Schepin of that City and perfected at Mentz by the same man In the public Library at Basil they shew several Books printed with the very first characters that were invented by John Guttenburg which were Cast Letters such as are at this day used in Printing Presses though not so exact The most considerable argument the High Dutch have for themselves is taken from the character in which they find the first Latin Books are printed which is near if it be not the same with that black Letter which is to this day used by the Germans in their ordinary writings Now 't is likely say they that if any other people had been the first inventors of Printing they would have made use of the characters of their own Country But the Hollanders are not perswaded with any arguments from any of these kind of Topics to resign their title and quit all manner of pretensions but are as zealous for Harlem as the former for Mentz or Strasburg They tell us Printing was first invented by one John Lawrence Coster a Citizen of good fashion in Harlem Who walking one night after Supper in the adjoining Wood with some of his little Grandchildren he cut some pieces of the Bark of a Tree into Letters and printing therewith some characters upon paper taught the little Boys their Alphabet by this new contrivance But observing that the invention was capable of a further improvement he immediately advanced and within a few days printed off several copies of sentences and fragments collected out of divers Authors Hadrian Junius says he saw the first Book that Lawrence printed in which this was observable that the Leaves were not printed on both sides but two Leaves glued together to avoid the deformity of vacant pages Afterwards he changed his Beechen Letters into Leaden ones and those not long after into Tin This done he contriv'd that glutinous sort of Ink which to this day is made use of in all Printing-Presses The House where he liv'd is still to be shew'n near the Market-place in Harlem on the front of which was formerly engraven his Picture with some Verses in commendation of him But of late they were struck out to take away the occasion of the Marketpeoples staring up at the windows The Burgomaster and Raedtsherrn of the Town have in their custody a specimen of his first Essay and Junius reports that in his time
that great Conqueror From his Loins after several generations descended Billiengus a potent King of the Vandals whose Mother say some was Charles the Great 's Sister He was the first that after his own conversion brought in the profession of Christianity into Mecklenburg tho afterwards at the instigation of his Son Micislaus both himself and all his Subjects turn'd Apostates The next famous Prince of Mecklenburg was Gottschalck surnam'd the Godly who would often himself take the pains to preach Christianity to his Subjects by whom he was at last for his Religion murder'd in the year 1066. From him descended amongst many others Henry II. who dying in the year 1228 left behind him two Sons Nicolot and John From the former of these sprang all the succeeding Princes of the Vandals until William the last Prince of that Line who died in the year 1430. From the later surnam'd Knese Janko or John the Divine because he had taken a Doctor of Divinity 's degree in the University at Paris are descended the present Dukes of Mecklenburg This John left behind him Henry who was six and twenty years kept prisoner by the Turks Father to Henry surnam'd the Lion whose two Sons Albert and John Dukes of Mecklenburg were by the Emperor Charles IV. created Princes of the Empire in the year 1349. Which is not to be understood tho I find this construction put upon it by several of the modern German Historians as if these two Princes before Charles's creation had been only ordinary Lords or Barons of Mecklenburg and by the Emperor advanc'd to the dignity of Princes or Dukes For from him they receiv'd no more than an admission into the number of the Estates of the Empire under whose protection they were brougth by making themselves members thereof upon condition they should be subject to its Laws and contribute to its necessities Albert's eldest Son Albert II. was chosen King of Sweden and not long after taken prisoner by Margaret Queen of Denmark by whom after several years imprisonment he was at last releas'd upon the payment of a vast ransom So that the management of the Dukedom of Mecklenburg was committed to his Brother Magnus a Prince that if we believe Chytraeus who in his first Book of the Saxon Chronicle has given him a noble character was nomine re Magnus endow'd with all the excellent qualities that are requisite to make a brave Prince His Son John who succeeded his Father in the Dukedom founded the University at Rostock in the year 1419. This Duke's Successors Henry the Fat and Magnus II. Founder of the Cathedral Church at Rostock upon the death of William the last Prince of the Vandals made themselves Masters of the whole Land of Mecklenburg After the death of this Magnus and his Son Albert II. the Dukedom came to his Grandchild John Albert in the year 1547 who first brought in the Lutheran Confession into his Dominions by demolishing Popish Abbeys and converting their Revenues to the use of the University at Rostock His Son John III. who died in the year 1592 left two Sons the eldest was Adolph Frideric who married Ann-Mary Countess of East Frisland by whom amongst other children he had Christian-Ludowic the present Duke of Mecklenburg-Swerin His youngest Son was Gustavus Adolphus who seated himself at Gustrow In the late Civil Wars in Germany the whole Land of Mecklenburg was overrun by the Imperial Army and the Dukedom conferr'd upon their ambitious and at last unfortunate General Albrecht Duke of Friedland However within a little while after the two Dukes Adolph Frideric and John Albrecht were reinstated in their Dominions by Gustavus Adolphus the victorious King of Sweden their Kinsman For a character of the present Dukes of Mecklenburg the Reader may have recourse to the following descriptions of Swerin and Gustrow the places of their residence The strength of these Princes would be considerable enough Militâ—â—â— strength sufficient to secure their own Territories and keep their neighbours in awe if firmly united Their equal pretensions to the sole government of the City and University at Rostock did formerly occasion some animosities between the two Houses but this quarrel has for some years last past been quite laid aside and now a difference in Religion the Duke of Swerin being a Romanist and he of Gustrow a Lutheran is the greatest cause of their mutual fears and jealousies Heretofore they thought it their chief interest to adhere to the Swedes and secure themselves under the wings of the potent Kings of that Nations but when after the many conquests of the brave Gustavus Adolphus the power of those Princes grew so formidable as to threaten an universal slavery to their neighbours round about them rather then the defence of any of their Liberties the Dukes of Mecklenburg thought it high time to relinquish that party and join with the Dane and Branburger in opposing their common enemy the King of Sweden They saw Wismar rent out of their hands without any probability of being ever recover'd and they had reason to fear that a great part of the adjoining Country would follow it if their ruin were not timely prevented by the strength of their new Allies The whole Land of Mecklenburg so much I mean as is now subject to the two Dukes which bear that Title is usually divided into these six parts Territries The Dukedomes of Mecklenburg strictly so call'd and Vandalia the Earldom of Swerin the Baronies of Rostock and Stargard and the Bishopric of Butzow In the Dukedom of Mecklenburg are reckon'd the Cities of Wismar to which is the neighbouring Island Poel Tempsin Gades Rhena and Bucow In the Dukedom of Vandalia Gustrow Sterneberg Malchin Stavenhagen Ivenack Neu-Calven Warin Pentzlin Rebell Wredenhagen Malchau Tetrou Goltberg Parchum Plage Lupsian Grabou Domitz Neu-Statt Eldenau and Gorlosen In the Barony of Rostock the City of Rostock Ribnitz Gnoien Tessin Laga Schwan Salines and Morlou In the Barony of Stargard Brandeburg Stargard Furstenburg Strelitz Mirow Fredland and Wesenberg And lastly in the Bishopric of Butzow the City of Butzow and the Peninsula of Swerin The most considerable Cities in the Dukedom of MECKLENBURG I. LUBEC Lubec This City is indeed situate in Wagerland and for that reason we have already given the Reader some short account of it in the Description of Denmark but because it is of it self an Imperial City wholly independant upon the Crown of Denmark and immediately subject to the Emperor of Germany we have reserv'd a more particular survey of it for this place And it cannot so properly be referr'd to any particular Province of the Empire as the Dukedom of Mecklenburg For altho the Citizens of Lubec do not pay any manner of tribute or homage to the Princes of Mecklenburg yet it may perhaps as justly be reckon'd part of that Dukedom as Bremen which never yet acknowledg'd any subjection to the Kings of Sweden may be esteem'd part of that Principality which now bears