Scholler of whom thou maist enquire and doe not thinke it any discred it to declare thy want being in a matter pertaining to Grammar or other such things as those of thy condition are vsually vnacquainted with rather assure thy selfe that all wise men will commend thee that desirest knowledge which many reiect but they which refuse to be directed I know are such as delight in their â—oâ—tish ignorance like Scoggius Priest who because he had vsed his old Annumpsimus for these doâ—en yeares would not forsake it for the other new Assumpsimus though it were neuer so good Two things generally you must marke for the vse of this Booke first the true vnderstanding of it in the â—atter secondly the manner of learning it if thou be onely a Scholler then the order of teaching it if thou be also a Teacher And for the first where I professe to teach with farre more ease and pleasure to the learner And therefore with greater speed than others vnderstand the reason Thou hast but two principall things to learne to spell truly any word of one syllable and to diuide truly any word of many For the first I haue disposed syllables so in the first Booke howsoeuer at the first sight they may seeme common as that thou canst meete none but either thou hast it there set downe or at least so many like both for the beginning or end as that none can bee propounded vnto thee that thou shalt not be skilfull in And I haue so begunne with the easiest procâ—eding by degrâ—es vnto harder that they first learned all the other will follow with very little labour These syllables knowne because all words bee they neuer so long or hard be made of them thou hast nothing to learne but to diuide them for which I haue laid downe so easie and certaine Rules beleeue me that haue tryed as that thou shalt neuer â—rrâ— in any hard word I doubt not but thine owne experience shall finde this true and so my promise in that point performed to the full Maruell not why in this first booke I haue differed in writing many syllables from the vsuall manner yea from my selfe in the rest of the worke as templ without e tun with one n and plums not plummes c. My reason is I haue put there no more letters than are of absolute necessitie when in the rest I haue followed custome yea often I write the same word diuersly if it bee vsed indifferently the better to acquaint thee with any kind of writing Touching the speeches at the end of the 1 2 4 7 and 8 Chapters regard not the matter being vaine but my purpose which is to bring thee to present vse of reading words of one syllable which thou hast learned to spell and so thou maist haue nothing in the second booke to learne but onely diuision of words and other hard obseruations The titles of the chapters and notes in the margent which I would alwayes haue thee diligently read and marke will make these things more 〈◊〉 vnto thee Also where I vndertake to make thee to write the true Orthography of any word truely pronounced I must meane it of those words whose writings determined for there are many wherein the best English-men in this Land are not agreed as some write malicious deriuing it from malice other write malitious as from the Latin malitiosus So some write Germane from the Latine some Germaine from the French Neither doe I deale with proper names strange words of Art in seuerall Sciences nor the vnknowne tearmes of peculiar Countries if they differ from ordinary rules vnlesse sometimes vpon some speciall occasion I know ere this thou thirstest that art a Teacher to heare how thou maist with more ease and profit teach a hundred Schollers than before forty follow my aduice and I warrant the successe Let euerie one of thy Schollers for the best thou hast shalt learne that heere which hee neuer knew neither needeth he any other for English prouide and vse this Booke then diuide thy Schollers in 2 3 or 4. sorts as thy number is for moe thou needest not although thou hast a hundred Schollers place so many of them as are neerest of like forwardnesse in one lesson or fourme as in Grammer Schooles and so goe thorow thy whole number not making aboue foure companies at the most so that thou shalt haue but foure Lectures to heare though thou hast a hundred Schollers whereas before thou hadst forty Lectures though but forty Schollers Then when thou wouldest heare any fourme call them forth all be they ten twenty or more together heare two or three that thou most suspectest to be most negligent or of dullest â—onceit and let all the other attend or let one read one line sentence or part another the next and so thorough so that all doe somewhat and none know when or what shall be required of him encourage the most diligent and tenderest natures And thus doubt not but thou shalt doe more good vnto twenty in one houre than before vnto foure in seuerall lessons For the apposing each other as I haue directed in the end of the second Booke emulation and feare of discredit will make them enuy who shall excell By this meanes also euerie one in a higher fourme shall be well able to helpe those vnder him and that without losse of time seeing thereby hee repeateth that which hee lately learned Now touching the framing and sweet tuning of the voyce I haue giuen thee this helpe I haue added for prose all sorts of stile both dialogue and other and for verse Psalmes and other verses of all the seuerall sorts vsualâ— which being well taught will frame thee to the naturall reading of any English But here I must make earnest request vnto all carefull Ministers that as they tender the good education of the youth in their Parishes they would sometimes repaire vnto the Schooles of such Teachers as are not GraÌ„marians to heare their children pronounce and to helpe such with their direction that desire to vse this Booke in their Schooles for it is lamentable to see into what ignorant handling silly little children chance which should at the first bee most skilfully grounded which is the onely cause of such wofull ignorance in so many men and women that cannot write without great error one sentence of true English therefore let Parents now be wise vnto whom they commit their children But to returne to my teaching Tradesmen If thou desirest to be informed how to teach this Treatise marke diligently the directions giuen in all places of the Booke and as thy Scholler is in saying his lesson marke what words he misseth and them note with thy pen or pin and let him repeat them at the next Lecture and so vntill he be perfect not regarding those where he is skilfull And let his fellowes also remember them to appose him in them in their appositions But mee â—hought I heard thee say that my reasons
a vowell consonant and a syllable you may now teach him what a Dipthong is especially those in the former Chapter ai ei â—â— au eu ou Le led leg le les let Li lib lig lim li lip Lo lob log lo lol lop los lot low Lu lug lu lul Ma mad mam man ma map mas mat maw may Me meg men mes Mi mil mis. Mo mop mos mow Mu mul mum mur. Na nag nam nay Ne nel net ne new Ni ni bib nil nip nit No nod nor not now Nu num nun nut Pa pan pas pat paw pax pay Pe ped peg pen. Pi pid pil pix Po pod pot Pu pul pur pus put Ra rag ram ran rap rar raw ray Re red row Ri rib rig rim rip Ro rob rod ros rot Ru rub ruf rug run Ta tap tar tax Te teg tel ten tow Ti tib til tin tip tit To tog tom top tos tow toy Tu tub tug tun tut * In these kinde of words of one syllable we vse onely c before a o u and k before e and i and not otherwise except in fained words as Cis for cisseâ—y Kate for Katherine as in some proper names as Cis the father of Soul But we vse s before any vowels therefore haue I placed them as you see Ca cal cam can cap cat Ke ket key Ki kid kis kit Co cob cod cog co com cow coy Cu cud cuf cul cu cup cur cut Sa sad sag sam sa saw se sel set Si sip sir sit so sob som sop sot sow Su sum su sup Ia iar iag iaw Ie iet iow Iu iud Ye yel yes yet Va vau vat Ve ver Wa wag wan was wat way We wed wel wet Wi wil win Wo wol wot Qua quaf quat Qui quil quib quit * This speech is made onely of the words taught before where you are not to regard the sence beeing friuolous but onely to teach distinct reading And this obserue in the rest making your scholler to read them perfectly but not the titles of Chapters nor the Notes in the Margent * Boy goe thy way vp to the top of the hill and get me home the bay Nag fill him well and see he be fat and I will rid me of him for hee will be but dull as his dam if a man bid well for him I will tell him of it if not I doe but rob him and so God will vexe me and may let me goe to hell if I get but a Iaw-bone of him ill Heere examine your scholler what Consonants will follow b and Let him answer l or r and so practice him in all the rest For the more perfect hee is in them the more ease and beâ—â—fit you shall finde when you come to the rules of Division in the second Booke I calâ— h a Consonant here and elsewhere for examples sake which properly is 〈◊〉 to auoid multitude of Rules CHAH. III. SEtting downe onely all those Syllables that are of three letters beginning with two Consonants Bla ble bli blo blu Bra bre bri bro bru Cha che chi cho chu Cla cle cli clo clu Cra cre cri cro cru Dra dre dri dro dru Dwa dwe dwi dwâ— ** Fla fle fli flo flu Fra fre fri fro fru Gla gle gli glo glu Gna gne gâ—i gno gnu Gra gre gri gro gru Kna kne kni kno knu Pla ple pli plo plu Pra pre pri pro pru Sca sce sci sco scu Ska ske ski sko sku Sha she shi sho shu Sla sle sli slo slu Sma sme smi smo smu Sna sne sni sno snu Spa spe spi spo spu Sta ste sti sto stu Swa swe swi swo ** Squa sque squi squo squu Tha the thi tho thu Tra tre tri tro tru Twa twe twi two ** Wha whe whi who whu Wra wre wri wro wru CHAP. IIII. HEere are adioyned the Syllables of the former Chapter with the second sort of those in the firâ—t Chapter beginning with ab And then teach to read words made of those Syllables Bla blab Ble bled bles blew Bli blis Blo blot Blu blur Although I haue so disposed these words as that the latter Chapters are a repetition of the former yet would I haue â—chollers in â—uery fourme say ouer in part some of that they haue learned and appose one another as I haue taught in the first Chapter of the second Booke Bra brag bran bra bras brot bray Bre bred bret brew Bri brim Bro brow Cha champ chap chas chat Che chew Chi chiâ— chip Cho chod chop Chu chub Cra crab crag cram Cre crew Cri crib Cro crop cros crow Cru crum Dra drab draf drag dram draw dry Dre dreg dri drip Dro drum drop dru Dwe dwell Fla flag flap flat flaw flaxe Fle fleâ— Fli flit Flo flot flow flox Flu flux Fra fray Fre fret fri frig Fro frog frâ—â— frow Gla glad glas Gle glew Gli glid Glo glos glow Glu glum glut Gna gnat gnaw Gra graf gras gray Gri grig grip Grâ— grâ—â— Kna knap knaw Kni knit Kno knor know Knu knub kâ—â—â—â— Pla plat play Plo plod plot plow Plu plum Pray prat pray Pre pres Pri prig I haue placed c and k as in the second Chapter although you shall finde k written before a and u as in skarlet skul yet doe the most exact Writers say scarlet scul but Kalender Sca scab scan scar Ske skeg scep skew ski skil skin skip Sco scof scot scul scum Sha shed shad shal shed she l shew Sla slab slay sle slew Sli slid slip slit slo slop slow slu slut Sme smel smi smit smo smot smu smut Sna snag snah snat sni snip sno snow snu snut Spa span spar spe sped spel spew Spi spil spin spit spo spot spu spur Sta stat stag star stay stem Sti stif stil stir sto stod stow stu stub stuf stur Swa swad swag swan swap sway swe swel Swi swig swil swim Tha than that thaw the them then they Thi thin this tho thou thu thus Tra trap tray Tre trey Tri trim trip Tro trop trow troy Tru trub trus Twy twig Wha what Whe when whey Whi whip Who whol whom Wra wrap Wre wren Wri wrig wril Wro wrot Squa squab squad squat squi squib I met a man by the way this day who when he saw me hit me a blow that it did swell for that I did not stir my cap when I met him But I fled from him and ran my way then did he fret and out-ran me and drew out his staffâ— that had a knoâ— on the end and hit mee a clap on the scull and a crossâ— blow on the leg so that I did skip at it yet was I glad to know and to see as in â— glaâ—â—e my bad spot and I will pray him that if he shall see
you may try thâ—m in other like You feele not my paine The waspe is fell He hid the Oxe hide At is a mile to the mill A little pin My flesh doth pine A branch of fir good for the fire A dor fitteth on the doore Tos the ball Tose the wooll You haue a dot on the nose and you dote Rud is not rude A tun of wine the tune of a song Schol. What is the second vse Mast It changeth the sound of some letters but this vse with the further de-cla-ra-ti-on of this let-ter because it is har-der than you will at the first ea-si-ly conceiue I will referre you vnto another place Schol. Are no o-ther let-ters not all or but lit-tle pro-noun-ced M. Yes ve-ry ma-ny as a is not pro-noun-ced in earth goat nor e in George nor i in brief nor o in people neither is u pro-noun-ced in guide All which words of all sorts I will set downe af-ter-ward when I haue gi-uen you more ne-ces-sa-ry rules in these thrée first Chapters and you bet-ter a-ble to vse them CHAP. II. By this Chapter you shall easily and plainly know how many syllables are in euery word Mast IF you di-li-gent-ly ob-serue these things you cannot erre in any word of any one syllable therfore I will pro-céed in the di-ui-si-on of syl-la-bles which if you care-fully mark you shall ne-uer faile in di-ui-ding the longest or hardest word that euer you shall reade Schol. That will as-su-red-ly bring me great pro-fit and plea-sure for when I méet with a long hard word I stick so fast in the mite that I can nei-ther goe forward nor backward And I ne-uer yet heard that any such rules hath béen e-uer yet taught by a-ny I pray you there-foâ—â— tell me what is the first generall rule or the chiefest ground in this work Ma. Briefly it is this Marke how ma-ny vo-wels you haue in a word as in strengâ—h ti-ed e-spi ed sub-mis-si-on sa-lu-ta-ti on re-ge-ne-ra-ti on ex-tra-or-di-na-ri-ly in which se-uen words you haue as ma-ny syl-la-bles as vowels and aboue se-uen syl-la-bles I remember no word Mast But I fiâ—d the con-tra ry euen in this rule for in the words you haue brief are â—no vo-wels thâ—n syl-la-bles Ma. It is well obserued therefore you must know that you can hard-ly find a ge-ne-rall rule with-out some ex-cep-tious Schol. How ma-ny ex cep-ti-ous hath it Mast Thrée The first is when there is e in the end of a word or a-ny o-ther vo-well not at all or but lit-tle pro-noun-ced as in chiefe haue twice wherein we sound not i in chiefe nor the last e in any of them Schol. What is the se-cond ex-cep-ti-on Ma. The second is if there be a Dip-thong as in may your then haue you two vowels in one syl-la-ble Schol. Are there not thrée vowels in your Ma. No for I told you before that y before a vowell in the same syllable is a consonant Schol. What is the third ex-cep-ti-on Mast Words ending in es haue a-boue one vo-well as Iames pre-serues al-waies names hides bones But of these more shall be said hereafter Schol. Shall I neuer else find two vowels in one syllable Ma. Yes after q alwayes is u with another vowel as in quasse queen quick and sometime after g as in Gualter language otherwise neuer vnlesse we say that in words ending in uen as Hea-uen e-uen are in onâ— syllable because we commonly prenounce them CHAP. IX This Chapter teacheth plaine rules how to diuide truely the longest and hardest English word that you shall find Schol. I Haue al ready with ease and cer-tain-ly learned to know how ma-ny syl-la-bles are in a-ny word so soone as I sée it yet know I not how to diuide them truly Mast Mark then these rules fol-low-ing and you shall neuer faile The first is is if you â—aue two vowels come to-ge-ther both fully pro-noun-ced and no Dip-thong you must put the for-mer of them in the for-mer sâ—l-la-ble and the latter of them to the syl-la ble following as in tri-al mu-tu-al say-ing try umpâ— E phra-im Likewise when the same con-so-nant is dou-bled they must be di-ui-ded in like manner as ab bot ac cord ad-der let-ter dif-fer com-mon ne ces siâ—tie c. except when they are néed-les-ly dou-bled in words of the plu-rall number as in plummeâ— whipps hills cragges for plums hils whips crags Schol. What meane you by the plurall number Mast When na-â—ing a thing wée speake of mo than one as one whip we call the sin-gu-lar num-ber because it speaketh but of one and whips we call the plurall number because it speaketh of mo than one Schol. But what shall I doe when I find but one con-so-nant be-twixt two vo-wels Mast You must put the consonant vnto the vo-well fol-low-ing him as in o-ver enough v-sed be-cause re-port de-li uer re-ioy ced di li-gent re-ge-ne-ra-ti-on except in some compound word Schol. What kind of words be they Mast When two seuerall words which wée call simple words are joyned together as in saue-gard two syllables not sa-ue-gard thrée syllables because it is made or compounded of two seuerall words saue and gard so where-of there-in here-out vn-e-ven lame nesse wisely Where you must note that if the last part be an addition onely and signifie nothing as nes in lame-nes we call that a deriuatiue word and not a word compounded Also x is put to the vowell before him as in ox en ex-er-cise ex-or-eists the reason is because hath the sound of two con-so-nants cands and cs cannot begin a syllable Schol. What iâ— there come two diuers con-so-nants betwixt two vowels Mast Then if they be such as may they must be joyned for those that begin a word must begin a syllable in any part of the word Schol. How then shall I know which are Consonants may begin a word and therefore must be joyned Mast If you turne backe to the third Chapter of the first book they are set downe together but because I would haue you very perfect in these letters I will giue you of euery one an example as blesse crew child clap creâ—p draw dwell flâ—m fret glasse grat grace know play praise scab shall skip flowe smart snuf spend squib stand sway that trap twain when wrought Schol. I pray you now giue examples how these must be ioyned in words of mosyllables Ma. Marke then diligently there restore not thus restore because st may begin a syllable it must not thus rest-ore because a Consonant if there be any must begin the syllable so in re fraine ex-e crable and such like but in god-ly sel dome trum-pet lod god mor-ning c. the middle Consonants must bée diuided because none of these dl ld mp dg rn can begin a word therefore can they not begin a syllable Againe you may not spell thus lodg-ed because g may begin a word Schol. Is then the same reason to bée obserued if there come
thrée or moe Consonants together in the middest of a word Ma. Yea altogether For as many Consonants as can must be joyned and the rest diuided Schol. How many Consonants may come in the beginning of a word Ma. Thrée and no more therefore if in the midst there come foure or mo they must be diuided although foure may end a syllable as in words Schol. How shall I be sure which thrée may be joyned Ma. They are all set downe in the beginning of the fift Chapter of the first book But for more plainnesse sake I will giue euery one of them an example whereof wée haue an ordinary English word as scraps skrew shrink stroke spilt spring thrall twhiâ—e Schol. Giue an example for diuiding of these words wherein many consonants come together Mast One or two may serue if you remember what hath béen taught As for this word con-straine you may not say co-nstraine nor cons-traine const-raine nor constr-aine but con-straine because ns cannot begin a syllable str can therefore it must begin it so im-ploy King-dome destruction ac-know-ledge trans-gresse c. And this rule must you carefully still-practice that you may readily giue the reason in all such words why euery consonant must goe to this syllable rather than to that But still looke as before that soâ—le compound words must be markt as mis-take dis-like transpose with-out through-our c. Which if they had béene simple words we must haue spelled them thus mi-stake dislike tran-spose as yée haue learned because in composition euery word must haue his owne letters not mingled with other Schol. But Sir some men spell deriuatiue words thus speak eth strength en-ing otherwise than you haue taught Mast I know it well yet because if such words should be so spelled we must for them frame new rules which were to bring a néedlesse oppression on childrens memories and that the former rules can bring no inconuenience in any word therefore follow them without feare or doubt And thus may you by this that you haue learned spel truly certainly with judgment any English word that can be laid before you Schol. Object Although all men will grant that these rules must of necessity bring a spéedy course of readiâ—g to as many as are of yéeres able to discerne yet many will not easily beléeue that little children can conceiue them and make vse of them and then they will rather bring confusion than profit Mast Answ But experience hath taught the contrary for a child of an ordinary capacity will and hath easily conceiued these rules being orderly taught But discretion must be vsed not to trouble them with any new rule before they be perfect in the old The words of art here vsed are not aboue eight in all the most of them I would haue the child learne while he is learning to spell in the first booke as I haue giuen dâ—rection there in the beginning which words there and rules héere being orderly taught as is prescribed neuer by the blessing of God doubt of a comfortlesse successe therefore I wish that no man with a preindicate opinion doe reiect them before he hath made good tryall vpon some ordinary wits but would haue all such as teach to reade that they would make their Schollers as perfect in the rules of these thrée Chapters as may bée being of the chiefest necessity and vse the other that follow because some of them be more hard containing onely difference of sounds of our English letters and other obseruations for true writing if your child be very young or dull trouble him with vnderstanding no more of them than he is fit to containe and vse yet let him learne to reade them all for it were granted that he could vnderstand none of them no nor some of the former yet while he reades them he learneth as much and goeth on as fact as by reading any other matter For I demand what he vnderstands when hée readeth a Chapter in the Bible Yet will no man deny him profit by reading And this hath made me longer by the one halfe for plainnesse sake than otherwise I might knowing that in practising to reade he looseth not his labour Although these three Chapters be of greatest vse for Readers yet let your Scholler diligently reade the rest For although he doe not vnderstand some of the rules following at the first reading yet he may at the second CHAP. IIII. This Chapter layeth forth a more full declaration of certaine rules mentioned before as of e in the end of a word of those letters which are not pronounced and for writing any words of the plurall number Schol. I Remember you told me the e in the end of a word is not pronounced beside that it draweth the syllable long it also changeth the sound of Letters I pray which are they Ma. It changeth the sound of these letters u c g. when any of these vowels go before as au eu iu ou ac ic oc uc ag ug so iu ag ig as in * hau haue leu leue lou loue so caue saue salue hiue thriue so a without c is sounded like k but ace with e like ase as in accord but place race so lic lice truc truce also ag age as stag stage so cag cage so â—â—g huge deluge so hang strange string fringe so larg large in most of which e doth also draw the syllable long aâ— you saw in ag age hug huge Where you must marke that the sound which g hath in age and huge being long in short syllables is made by putting d before g as in badg trudg So it is also when e i or o come before g as leg ledge rig ridge log lodg which vowels before g are neuer long except in leig sieg which is the putting in i. Schol. But Sir you haue vsed e in the end of many words not sounded when neither it changeth sound nor maketh the syllable long why is that Ma. Wée sée it indéed often but rather of custome as they say for beautie than of necessitie as after i but not after y as in bie by and after two consonants or a consonant doubled as in article angle barre chaffe sonne whereas the learned languages neither double the consonant nor vse such e as the Latines say mel as ros we mell as rosse And sometime we vse not e when the word is long as after ll as in all fall shall yea we vse as longer without e than asse with it Yet sometime we vse e after two consonants to draw the syllable long for difference sake principally if the end of them be l as in cradle ladle least they should be pronounced short like saddl ladl which some men would distinguish by doubling dd as saddle But it is both vsuall and néedlesse to write bibbl and chilld to make them differ from bible and child And some pronounce these words blind find behind short other blinde finde behinde with e long
no sound Robert True yet we must write it because it is one of the words we learned wherein o is not pronounced John Are there any moe of them Robert Yea many I will repeate them if you will Iohn No that would be ouer-long But tell me why pronounce you not e in the end of people Robert It is not pronounced in the end if there bée another vowell in that syllable John To what end then serueth it Robert We haue learned two principall vses one is it draweth the syllable long as h a t spelleth hat but h a t e is hate Iohn How spell you Iesus Robert I e s u s. John How know you that this is not written with g e Rob. Because it is not in the Table at the end of my book for all that be written with g e be there our Master taught vs that all other of that sound must be written with I e. John How write you Circle Robert S i r c l e. Iohn Nay now you misse for if you looke but in the Table you shall find it Circle Therefore now you must appose me Robert I confesse mine error therefore I will try if I can requite it What spelleth b r a n c h. Iohn Branch Robert Nay but you should put in u. Iohn That skilleth not for both wayes are vsuall Robert How spell you Might Iohn M i g h t. Robert Why put you in gh for m i t e spelleth mite Iohn True but with gh is the truer writing and it should haue a little sound Robert If your syllable begin with b what consonants may follow Iohn Duely l or r. Robert Where learne you that John In the third Chapter of the first Booke Robert And which will follow g John l n or r. Robert How proue you it Iohn Because g l a spels gla g n a gna and g t a spels gra Robert When thrée consonants begin a syllable how shall I know which they be Iohn We haue them before twice set downe besides put a vowell vnto them and sée whether they then will spell any thing as str put a and it spelleth stra but btra will spell nothing they cannot begin a syllable Robert Doth not str spell stra Make your Scholler read ouer this Dialogue so often vntill he can do it aâ— readily and pronounce it as naturally as if he spake without book John It spelleth nothing without a vowell Robert How many syllables are in this word rewarded John Thrée Robert How proue you that John Because it hath thrée vowels without any of the thrée exceptions Robert How diuide you them John Re-war-ded Robert Why put you w to a John Because it is one consonant betwéene two vowels Robert And why diuide you r and d Iohn Because they cannot begin a syllable Robert What is the best way to spell a long word as this admonition Iohn I must marke how many syllables it hath which I finde to be fiue then take the first a d ad then take the next m o mo then put them together admo so spell and put to the third admoni and so vntill you come to the end Robert What if a man should did you write this word John I must follow the same order first write downe ad then write vnto it mo admo then joyne vnto that ni admoni so the rest admoniti admonition Robert What is the best way to make vs perfect inspelling hard syllabies Iohn My Master doth sometime practice vs in harsh counterfeit syllables through all the fiue vowels as in thraugh threugh thriugh through thruugh Wrasht wresht wrisht wrosht wrusht Yarmble yermble yirmble yormble yurmble Waight weight c. vaigh veigh c. janch jench jinch ionch iunch Rob. What if you cannot tell what vowell to spell your syllable with how will you doe to finde it as if you should write from and know not whether you shall write it with a or o. Iohn I would try with all the vowels thus fram frem frim from now I haue it Rob. But Good man Taylor our Clarke when I went to Schoole with him taught me to sound these vowels otherwise than me thinks you doe Iohn How was that Let the vnskilfull Teachers take great heed of this fault and let some good Schollers heare their children pronounce these syllables Rob. I remember he taught me these syllables thus for bad bed bid bod bud I learned to say bad bid bide bod bude sounding a bed to lye vpon as to bid or command and bid as bide long as in abide bud of a trée as bude long like rude for these thrée vowels e i u are very corruptly and ignorantly taught by many vnskilfull Teachers which is the cause of so great ignorance in true writing in these that want the Latine tongue Iohn You say true for so did my Dame teach mâ— to pronounce for sa se si so su to sa see si so soo as if shée had sent me to see her sow when as e should be sounded like the sea and su as to sue one at the Law Robert But let mée returne to appose you how were wée taught to find out the naturall sound of consonants Iohn By the spâ—ch of a stutterer or stammerer as to obserue how he laboureth to sound the first syllable of a word as if the stammerer would pronounce Lord before hée can bring it forth he expresseth the sound of l which is the first Letter and so of all the other consonants Robert How many wayes may you expresse this sound si John Onely thrée si ci and sci or xi which is csi Robert Now haue you erred as well as I for ti before a vowell doth commonly sound si and now I will giue you ouer for this time but I will challenge you againe to morrow both in some few questions in somâ— part of that which we haue learned and also after every lesson and as you are insaying I will marke where you misse and therein will I deale with you Iohn Do your worst I will prouide likewise for you and neuer giue you ouer vntill I haue gotten the victory for I take not so much pleasure in any thing else all day Robert I am of your mind for I haue heard our Master say that this apposing doth very much sharpen our wiâ—s helpe our memory and many other commodities But now let vs looke vnto our Catechisme for our Master will examine vs next in that Iohn Nay by your leaue we shall first read ouer againe all that we haue learned with the Preface Titles of the Chapters and Notes in the Margents of our Books which we omitted before because they were too hard for wée shall goe no further before we be perfect in this The end of the second Booke short Catechisme VVHat Religion doe you professe Christian Religion What is Christian Religion It is the true Profession beleeuing and following of those things which are commanded and
THE ENGLISH SCHOOLE-MASTER Teaching all his Schollers of what age soever the most easie short and perfect order of distinct Reading and true Writing our English-tongue that hath euer yet beene knowne or Published by any And further also teacheth a direct Course how any vnskilfull person may easily both vnderstand any hard English words which they shall in the Scriptures Sermons or elsewhere heare or reade and also be made able to vse the same aptly themselues and generally whatsoeuer is necessarie to bee knowne for English speech so that hee which hath this Booke onely needeth to buy no other to make him fit from his Letters vnto the Grammar-Schoole for an Apprentise or any other his priuate vse so farre as concerneth English And therefore is made not onely for Children though the first Booke bee meere childish for them but also for all other especially that are ignorant in the Latine-tongue In the next Page the Schoole-Master hangeth forth his Table to the view of all beholders setting forth some of the chiefe commodities of his Profession Deuised for thy sake that wantest any part of this skill by Edward Coote Master of the Free-Schoole in Bury St. EDMOND Perused and approued by publike Authoritie and now the Eighteenth time imprinted with certaine Copies to Write by at the end of this Booke added LONDON Printed for the Company of Stationers 1630. ☜ The Schoole-master his Profession I Professe to teach thee that art vtterly ignorant to Reade perfectly to Write truely and with judgement to vnderstand the reason of our English-tongue with great expedition ease and pleasure I will teach thee that art vnperfect in eyther of them to perfect thy skill in few dayes with great ease I vndertake to teach all my Schollers that shall be trained vp for any Grammar Schoole that they shall neuer erre in writing the true Orthography of any word truely pronounced which what ease and benefit it will bring vnto Schoole-masters they best know and the same profit doe I offer to all other both Men and Women that now for want hereof are ashamed to write to their best friends for which I haue heard many Gentlemen offer much I assure all Schoole-masters of the English-tongue that they shall not onely teach their Schollers with great perfection but also they shall with more ease and profit and in shorter time teach a hundred Schollers sooner than before they could teach fâ—rtie I hope by this plaine and short kind of teaching to incourage mady to read that neuer otherwise would haue learned And so more knowledge will hee brought into this Land and moe Bookes bought than otherwise would haue beene I shall ease the poorer sort of much charge that they haue beene at in maintaining their childâ—en long at Schoole and in buying many Bookes Strangers that now blame our Tongue of difficulty and vncertainty shall by mee plainly see and vnderstand those things which they haue thought hard J doe teach thee the first part of Arithmeticke to know or write any number By the practice therunto adjoyned all learners shall so frame and tuâ—e their voyces as that they shall truely and naturally pronounce any kind of stile eyther in prose or verse By the same practice Children shall learne in a Catechisme the knowledge of the principles of true Religion with precepts of vertue and ciuill behauiour J haue made a part of a briefe Chronologie for practice of reading hard Words wherein also thou shalt bee much helped for the vnderstanding of the Bible and other Histories and a Grammer Scholler learne to know when his Authors both Greeke and Latine liued and when the principall Histories in them were done J haue set downe a Table contayning and teaching the true writing and vnderstanding of any hard English word borrowed from the Greeke Latine or French and how to know the one from the other with the interpretation thereof by a plaine English word whereby Children shall bee prepared for the vnderstanding of thousands of Latine words before they enter the Grammer Schoole which also will bring much delight and judgement to others Therefore if thou vnderstandest not any word in this Booke not before expounded seeke the Table Jf I may bee generally receiued J shall cause one vniforme manner of Teaching a thing which as it hath brought much profit vnto the Latine tongue so would it doe to all other Languages if the like were practised Finally J haue giuen thee such Examples for faire Writing whereby in euery Schoole all bad hands may be abandoned that of thou shouldest buy the like of any other which thou shalt seldome finde in England they alone will cost thee much more money than I aske thee for my whole Profession If thou desirest to bee further satisfied for the performance of these things reade the Preface where thou shalt also see the reason of some things in the first Booke which thou mightest otherwise dislike The Preface for directions to the Reader OTher men in their writings gentle Reader may justly vse such stile as may declare learning or eloquence sit for a Scholler but I am enforced of necessity to effect that plaine rudenesse which may â—it the capacitie of those persons with whom I haue to deale The learneder sort are able to vnderstand my purpose and to teach this Treatise without further direction I am now therefore to direct my speech to the vnskilfull which desire to make vse of it for their owne priuate benefit and to such men and women of trade as Taylors Weauers Shop-keepers Seamsters and such other as haue vndertaken the charge of teaching others giue me leaue therefore I beseech thee to speake plainely and samiliarly to thee yea let me intreate thee to giue diligent regard to those thingâ— which I shall deliver vnto thee I seeke nothing by thee but thy owne pleasure ease profit the good of theschollers If peraduenture for 2 or 3. dayes at the first it may seeme somewhat hard or strange vnto thee yet bee not discouraged neither cast it from thee for â—f thou take diligent paines in it but 4. dayes thou shalt learne many very profitable things that thou neuer knewest yea thou shalt know more of the English tongue than any man of thy calling not being a Grammatian in England knoweth thou shalt teach thy Schollers with better commendation and profit than any other not following this order teacheth thou maist sit on thy shop boord at thy Loomes or at thy needle and neuer hinder thy worke to heare thy Schollers after thou hast once made this little booke familiar to thee The practise and order of study I know is a stranger vnto thee yet must thou now be sure that thou passe not ouer any one word before thou well vnderstandest it If thou caâ—st not find out the meaning and true vse of any rule or word and hauing none present to helpe thee make a markethereat with thy Pen or Pin vntill thou meetest with your Minister or other learned
many minds some â—ill haue it before certaine letters other when it commeth â—â— a dipthong but more reason they haue which write it when another i followeth as in say-ing or in the end of a word found sharpe as in deny But I thinke naturally and truly it ought not to be written but in words borrowed of the Gréeke as hypocrite myrth mysticall all which words you shall finde in the Table where you shall finde no other written with y for difference sake although other-where I haue written y for i without regard following the vsuall custome Schol. But Sir I read a litle before Psalme and you did not teach me that Ps might begin a word Ma. Well remembred such diligent marking what you read will soone make you a scholler The answer is this that word is borrowed from the Grecians and they ioyne consonants that our English tongue doth not Mâ—â—son Ptolâ—meus Rhodus ctenes signifying the foure fore-teeth pnuma a spirit or breath â—nieus bastard saffron But these are very rare so we haue many terminations in proper names and latine words that are not vsuall in English as fons arâ—ns falx arx in proper names alz anz aiâ— c. Thus alb is of the latines we vse also in Latine Stlata not vsed in English we vse also contract words in English as hangd for hanged Sch. Haue I now no more to obserue for distinct reading Ma. That which the Grammarians call accent which is the lifting vp of the voice in one syllable higher than in another which sometime differeth in a word written with the same letters as an incense to incense where in in the former word as cense in the latter is lifted vp more You must obserue also those which we doe call points or stayes in writing as this marke like to a small halfe Moon noteth a small stay two prickes thus makes a longer stay and one pricke thus is put for a full stay as if we had ended When a question is asked we marke it thus * The points are thus called a Comma a Colon a Period an Interrogation When some words may be left out and yet the sentence perfect it is noted thus a Parenthesis as teach me I pray you to reade But for the true framing of your voice in all these you must craue helpe of your Master You must also know the short kind of writing vsed in some words as a strike ouer any vowell for m or n as maÌ„ for man coÌ„ for con y e for the y e for that y u for you w t for with c. for and so forth In written hand there ys many other and so a word ending in a vowell doth lose it sometime when the next word begins with a vowell as thintent for the intent which exactly should be written thus * th' intent Lastly you must write the first letter of euery proper name and of the first word of euery sentence and verse with those that we call Great and Capitall letters as Robert Anne England Cambridge As also when we put a letter for a number as V. for fiue X. for ten L. for fifty C. for a hundred D for fiue hundred M. for a thousand Lastly when we put a letter for a word as L. for Lord LL. for Lords B. for Byshop BB. for Byshops Schol. Now I am sure that I shall neuer misse in spelling or reading nor as I thinke in writing Mast I know not what can easily deceiue you in writing vnlesse it be by imitating the barbarous spéech of your Country people whereof I will giue you a tast thereby to giue you an occasion to take héed not of these only but of any like Some people speake thus The mell standeth on the hell for the mill standeth on the hill so knet for knit bredg for bridg knaw for gnaw knat for gnat belk for belch yerb for herb griffe for graffe yelk for yolk â—eam for realme afeard for afraid durt for dirt gurt for girth stomp for stamp ship for sheepe hafe for halfe sample for example parfit for perfect dauter for daughter certen for certaine cercher for cerchiefe leash for lease hur for her sur and suster for sir and sister to spat for to spit c. So doe they commonly put f for u as feale for veale We vse to put n to the words a my or thy when the next word beginneth with a vowell to auoyd a gaping sound And a nox a nasse my naunt thy nunckle for an oxe asse mine aunt thine vnckle c. Take héed also you put not e for i in the end of a word as vnitee for vnitie nor id for ed as vnitid for vnited which is Scottish And some ignorantly write a cup a Wine for a cup of wine and other like absurdities Schol. How shall I auoide these dangers Mast By diligent marking how you read them written Schol. May I then neuer vse my proper Country termes in writing Mast Yes if they be peculiar termes and not corrupting of words as the Northren man writing to his priuate Neighbour may say My Lathe standeth néere the kirke garth for My barne standeth néere the Church-yard But if hée should write publikely it is fittest to vse the most knowne words Schol. What can now hinder me why I should not readily and distinctly read any English Ma. Nothing at all if you be throughly perfect in this that I haue taught you vnlesse it be want of more practice which although this you haue learned will so sufficiently teach you that you cannot faile in any word though you haue neuer any other teacher yet for your more chéerefull procéeding I would wish you if you can conueniently not to forsake your Master vntill you haue gone through these exercises following of which I haue made choice of all sorts both of prose and verse that you may not be wanting in any thing Schol. Sir I will follow your aduice thanks you for your paines and craue the Lord his blessing And now will I appose some of my fellowes to sée how wée can remember some of these things taught CHAP. VIII Here is set downe an order how the Teacher shall direct his Schollers to appose one another When your Schollers first learne this Chapter let one reade the questions and another the answer When your Schollers appose one the other let the answerer answer without book Iohn VVHo will aduenture his credit with me in apposing for the victory Robert I will neuer refuse you nor any in our fourme in any thing we haue learned begin what you will John How spell you lo Robert l o Iohn Spell of Robert o f. Iohn Spell from Robert f r o m. Iohn How write you people Robert I cannot write Iohn I meane not so but when I say write I meanâ— spell for in my meaning they are both one Robert Then I answer you p e o p l e. John What vse hath o for you giue it
taught vs by God in the holy Scriptures What call you the holy Scriptures The word of God contained in the Bookes of the Old and New Testamenâ— Doth this Scripture or word of God containe in it all points of true religion and euerything necessary for the Saluation of a Christian Yea. Tell me then from this Scripture how many Gods there be One What is God An euerlasting Spirit Immortall Inuisible most strong and onely wise How many persons are there Three Which be they The Father the Sonne and the Holy Gâ—ost How is God knowne By his Workes Word and Spirit Who created the World God Whereof did he create it Of nothing and that by his word Who made you God the Father How did he create you In Holinesse and Righteousnesse Why were you thâ—â— created To glorifie God Are you able to doe this of your selfe No. Why so Because I am a sinner How come you to be a sinner seeing you were so perfectly created By the fall of Adam What was his sinne Disobedience against God in eating of the forbidden fruit How comes it to passe that you are become a sinner in Adam Because he was the Father of all Mankinde How doe you proue that you are a sinner By the Testimonie of mine owne Conscience and by the Law of God What is the Law of God A perfect rule of righteousnesse commanding good and forbidding euill the summe whereof is contained in the Commandetmens How many be there Tenne Rehearse them 1 Then God spake all these words and said I am the Lord thy God which hath brought thee out of the Land of Aegypt out of the house of bondage Thou shalt haue no other Gods but mee 2 Thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen Image nor the likenesse of any thing that is in Heauen aboue nor in the Earth beneath nor in the water vnder the Earth thou shalt not bow downe to them nor worship them for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God and visit the sinnes of the Fathers vpon the Children vnto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me and shew mercy vnto thousands to them that loue me and keepe my Commandements 3 Thou shalt not take the Name of the LORD thy GOD in vaine for the Lord will not hold him guiltlesse that taketh his name in vaine 4 Remember that thou keepe holy the Sabbath day sixe dayes shalt thou labour and doe all that thou hast to doe but the seauenth day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God In it thou shalt doe no manner of worke thou and thy Sonne and thy Daughter thy Man-seruant and thy Maid seruant thy Cattell and the stranger that is within thy Gates for in sixe dayes the Lord made Heauen and Earth the Sea and all that in them is and rested the seauenth day Wherefore the Lord blessed the seauenth day and hallowed it 5 Honour thy Father and thy Mother that thy dayes may be long in the Land which the Lord thy God giueth thee 6 Thou shalt doe no Murther 7 Thou shalt not commit Adulterie 8 Thou shalt not Steale 9 Thou shalt not beare false witnesse against thy neighbor 10 Thou shalt not couet thy neighbours house thou shalt not couet thy neighbours wife nor his Seruant nor his Maid nor his oxe nor his asse nor any thing that is his Are these words I am the Lord thy God c. a Commandement or Preface A Preface to the whole Law How be the Commandements diuided Into two Tables or Parts How many be there of the first Table Foure How many of the second Sixe What doe the Commandements of the first Table teach you My duty towards God What doe the Commandements of the second Table teach you My duty towards my neighbour Are you to vse the Commandements as Prayers No because they be no Petitions but Commandements Are you able to keepe them without breaking any one of them in thought word or deed No Why Because I am ready and disposed by nature to offend both God and my Neighbour To what end then serueth the Law To shew vs our miserie and to leade vs to Christ and to be a rule euer after for the well ordering of our liues What is the punishmant for the breach of the Law Eternall destruction both of body and Soule Js there no way to escape it and be saued Yes How By Iesus Christ Who is this Christ The Sonne of God perfect God and perfect Man Could there no other meanâ— or person bee found in Heauen or Earth to saue you but the Sonne of God must doe it No verily Must he needs be God and Man Yes Why First because he must dye for vs and God cannot dye therefore he must be Man Secondly hee must ouercome Death which being onely Man he could not therefore he must be also God did he saue vs As he was Man perfectly righteous hee performed the perfect obedience of the Law and satisfied the justice of God for me And as he was God he ouercame death and raised vp his body the third day Are all men partakers of this benefit of Redemption purchased â—y Christ No there are a number that shall haue their part in Hell with the Diuell and his Angels Who are they that shall haue their part in the death of Christ Onely such as truly beleeue What is Faith Faith is a full assurance of my saluation in Iesus Christ alone Hath euery man this faith in himselfe Noâ— for it is the guift of God and not of nature How is faith gotten By the outward hearing of the Word of God Preached and the inward working of the Spirit How is it strongthened and increased in you By the same preaching of the Word and the vse of the Sacraments and Prayer How shall any man know whether hee haue this true and sauing faith or no By the fruits and markes thereof What be the fruits of faith A hatred of all sin a continuall care to please God in the duties commanded and vnfained loue to Gods word and to his people Rehearse the summe of your faith I beleeue in God the Father Almighty maker of Heauen and earth and in Iesus Christ his onely Sonne our Lord which was conceiued by the Holy Ghost borne of the virgin Mary suffered vnder Pontius Pilate was crucified dead and buried hee descended into Hell the third day he rose againe from the dead he ascended into Heauen and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty from thence shall he come to judge the quicke and the dead I beleeue in the Holy Ghost the holy Catholike Church the Communion of Saints the forgiuenesse of sinnes the resurrection of the body and the life euerlasting Amen How many parts be there of this Creed Two Which be they The first is of God the second is of the Church vs now come