tertian where choler is for the most part mingled with fleame or where choler doth not make it selfe the matter of the ague but doth kindle other humours which may be knowen in that the pulse is much lesse thinner and slower then the other and the heate also lesse then is no bloud to be taken at the beginning of the Ague but afterward the matter being prepared when the vrine doth appeare red and thick a vayne may be opened the day going before the fit and foure ounces of bloud may be taken But if the bloud prooue thin and somewhat yellowish then must you straightway suppresse it In the melancholick quartaine if it come vpon the staying of any vsuall or naturall purging of bloud then stirre vp that if you can if you can not then within the 14. or the 20. day let a little bloud out of the saluatella if the strēgth be weake or otherwise out of the basilica of the left arme hauing before giuen a clyster But if the quartain do come ex atrabile of black choler which hath fits beginning with lesse shaking and those also shorter then the melancholick for the melancholick continueth 24. houres and is also accompanyed with a sharp heat and vehement thirst and with much more vnquietnes then the melancholick then you may let bloud in the beginning foure or fiue ounces out of the basilica of the right arme and the next day after if strength will permit two or three ounces out of the saluatella of the left hand If that the black choler do proceed of burnt bloud you may let out more then if it proceed of any other humour That learned Heurnius sayth Black choler is ougly and doth spring of some burnt humour but melancholy is the very melancholick iuice or the dregs of bloud These are of a nature farre differing For to black choler are due those things which may pacify the fiercenes of it as Violets Endiue and such like but to melancholy are due such things as are moderately warme and opening as the rootes of Capers the aperitiue rootes and such like alwayes adioyning to them such things as haue vim humectandi a moystening force And as in potions and medicins these two require a far differing methode so also as you haue alreadie heard in the manner and time of letting of bloud In the intermitting agues we must not haue a bare and naked respect only to the feuer it selfe but we must heedily regard all the symptoms and dangers which may ensue by the meanes of other accidents as Trincauel in his Commentary vpon Galen ad Glauconem doth at large declare by the example of an exquisit tertian An exquisit tertian sayth he was neuer in respect of it selfe counted amongst great diseases and therefore Phlebotomy doth not properly appertayne vnto it But in other respects it is not only profitable but also necessary when regarding the state of the body our scope and purpose is to preuent and auoyd future mischiefes For often may an exquisite tertian passe either into a continuall ague or into a burning ague when the body is full either of bloud or of choler His reason is because bloud may by reason of the multitude putrifie and also choler if it be much and the strength do grow so weake that it neither can gouerne it nor expell it it must needs more and more putrifie And also according to Hippocrates easily may a tertian be conuerted into a plurisy For these causes saith Trincauel the opening of a vayne may haue place in an exquisite tertian but that according to Auicenna must be vntill the third fit Thus in all intermitting agues though not in all after the same manner nor in the same time nor in the same quantity nor for the same end and purpose that axiome of Galen holdeth firmely that not onely in continuall agues but also in all other agues whatsoeuer where any humour doth putrify it is good to open a vayne You haue his words and his reason in the first Chapter of this booke set downe at large in the first vse of Phlebotomy One generall note to know in tertians and quartaines whether any bloud may be spared is y◠thinnesse and y◠yellowishnesse of the bloud For the same which D. Bright doth write in bastard tertians that if the bloud do proue thin or yellowish we must straight stop The same doth Fuchsius require in quartaines that if the bloud do appeare black and thick such as is commonly in splenetick men then we shall let the party bleede more largely but if the bloud doe prooue thin and yellow then must it be presently stayed for such a humour is not vnprofitable but as well by his substance as also by his quality it doth amend the thick and cold humours Alexander Massaria chiefe Doctor and professor of the Vniuersity of Padua a man of excellent iudgement doth in his late treatise concerning Phlebotomy differ from the opinions of Platerus and Fernelius as touching letting bloud in tertian agues and alloweth letting bloud sometimes in exquisite tertians and sometimes in bastard tertians alleaging the auctority of Galen so that it be done 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 straight in the beginning and other things duly considered as the strength and plenitude and due preparation of the body And he wondereth what Auicen should meane when he sayth that vpon immoderate bleeding cholerick humours do more boyle and rage whereby the patients are more inflamed whereas experience doth testifie that vnseasonable or excessiue bleeding doth bring rather dropsies and cold and bad habits of body then any boyling heate or inflaming If in tertians the cholerick humours of the body be first drawne away and the bowels euacuated by a glister and a fit time chosen for the opening of the vayne when the stomack is fasting and empty I see no reason but the stomack and bowels should draw back sufficiently to keepe the mesaraick vaynes from sending any such store of humours into the hollow vayne as should putrefy the bloud in it or the branches thereof And the rather do I yeeld more to the iudgement of Massaria then of Fernelius and Platerus in this point because the most learned and expert Phisition Heurnius doth testifie that in letting bloud in cholerick bodies we do often auoyd more choler then bloud and by experience I haue found it very oft to do much good bring present help towards the beginning of tertians although after the fift or sixt fit I haue not seene much good to come thereof But in quartain agues Massaria cleaueth to that of Galen We must deale softly and gently with quartaine agues at the beginning and neither vse any strong purging nor euacuation of bloud vnlesse it do mightely abound And if to him that openeth the vayne the bloud do appeare black and thick such as especially is found in splenetick persons let him let bloud the more boldly but
repletion termed quoad vires is rather to be holpen by medicins then by letting of bloud For if raw and vndigested humours do abound in the body the opening of a vayne will draw out much good bloud but as for the bad bloud which is gathered in the first vaynes about the liuer and the middle entrals it will draw it into the whole body as Galen doth at large demonstrate and therefore euacuation by some purging potion shall in this case be more fit then letting of bloud Yet when by the nature of the disease there is euident danger of a corruption and putrefaction of humours to ensue then a little quantitie of bloud drawen shall be much auaylable to anticipate and preuent it if alwayes regard be had how farre the strength will permit and what humour is especially mixt together with the bloud in the vaynes For as Fernelius sheweth there is another way two kinds of repletion or plethora the one is called pure the other impure Montanus maketh also two the one simple and the other compound The pure doth consist of in a manner an equall portion of all the best iuices The impure is an abounding of vicious humours in the vaines If the plenitude come by choler the vayne may the more plentifully make euacuation But if the fulnesse come by fleame or by melancholie then must the euacuation be made by little and little at seuerall times when necessitie requireth and when the vaynes being ouer-full doe threaten danger How all these seuerall kindes of plenitude shall be knowne I shall haue occasion to declare more at large in the first Chapter of the second booke The first vse of Phlebotomy to wit euacuation hath place not onely in pure repletions but also in all dangers of putrefaction according to that of Galen It is good to open a vayne not onely in feuers called synochi which haue one continuall fit and doe proceede of inflamed bloud but also in all other humours that stand in danger of putrefaction when the regard which is had of age and strength doth nothing prohibite For nature which doth dispose and gouerne our bodies being lightened and hauing put off that which aâ— a burthen did ouercharge her will easily ouercome the rest in such sort that it will concoct what is to be concocted and expell what is to be expelled The second vse of letting-bloud is called of Montanus euentatio wherupon he maketh a secoÌ„d kind called Phlebotomia euentatiua which is the venting of any humour that doth boyle and bubble within the vaines For as the former to wit euacuation hath respect vnto the plenitude so this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hath properly a relation to the boyling and bubbling So â—ayth he in quotidians and quartans we do often let bloud not because there is any fulnesse or great multitude of ill humours but because we would by venting take away the boyling and bubbling thereof This venting hath place both whether there be any putrefaction in the humour or no. But if our scope and purpose be only simply to vent then is it best to do it by letting a little bloud and often according to the rule of Auicenna Melior est multiplicatio numeri quà m quantitatis Otherwise if the case be compound that both there be a fulnesse and a boyling that we must both euacuate and vent then shall it be most fit to do it at once and plentifully and as long as the strength will permit as is taught at large by Galen in the eight booke of his Methodus medendi And in the same booke speaking of some agues that are like to Diarian feuers and do come of obstructions he doth vse these words That the humour may be vented wee haue neede of the great remedy wee must let bloud the party being of sufficient strength although there be no signes of plenitude How it shal be knowen when the humours do thus boyle and haue neede of venting it shaâ—l be layd open at large in the two Chapters next following The third vse of letting bloud is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Revulsion Montanus calleth it Phlebotomia diuersina which is a plucking back of humours when they are caried from any one part of the body into an other with force and violent course Euacuation doth respect the fulnesse Venting the bubbling vp and Revulsion the violent course of the humour How this revulsion must be made is discussed in the seauenth Chapter of this first booke The fourth vse of bloud-letting is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 deriuatio of Montanus Phlebotomia deriuatiua which is a deriuing of a humour from any place where it is settled and impacted into some other neere place by which it may best be ouercome or auoyded It differeth from revulsion two especiall wayes First revulsion is into places farre distant as Hippocrates sheweth We must endeuour to open a vayne distant as farre as may be from the place where the griefe is made or the bloud gathered for so there shall be no danger of a sodaine change and besides the custome being translated an other way thou shalt make that there shall be no more flowing to the former wonted place But deriuation of humours is into the neerest places as by which they may most fitly be auoyded according to that of Galen Deriuation is made into places nigh ioyning but revulsion is made into places plaine opposite Againe an other difference there is that revulsion is of humours now flowing but deriuation is of them that are already settled as is witnessed by the same Author If the flowing be still caryed in his violent course we must vse revulsion to draw it to the contraries but when the humor is setled and impacted in the place then it is better to deriue it He giueth the reason of it for the change is neerer and both the accesse and the drawing force of the purging medicine is more readie when the place is nigh And what there he speaketh of medicins the same he writeth of Phlebotomy Reuulsion is the remedy of fluxes or rheumes still flowing but deriuation is their help when they haue taken hold of any part but both these kindes of euacuation doth Hippocrates commaund to be done by the common vaynes Thus much briefely concerning the first question what Phlebotomy is and of the foure seuerall kinds or rather vses thereof CHAP. 2. How letting of bloud may be vsed in continuall agues called synochi in hote agues and how also in burning feuers BEing now to declare particularly how Phlebotomy is to be vsed in most of the vsuall diseases which coÌ„monly do raigne amongst men seeing there is no kind of infirmitie that hath more sorts of it selfe subiect to letting of bloud then hath the Ague I haue thought it not amisse to begin first with it In the ague synochus which hath one continuall fit seeing that it proceedeth of the inflammation of bloud needs must
helpeth much transpiration by meanes whereof it must needes be good to help putrefaction When Montanus affirmeth that to let bloud in putrified agues is to kill the patient he meaneth a liberall euacuating of bloud but otherwise his words before do shew plainely that it may be done moderately to vent the vapours And Platerus sheweth an other cause why it ought to be done because the occasion of putrified agues doth lie hid in the bloud and in the branches of the hollow vayne together with the bloud is auoided some portion of the putrified humour Of the same iudgemeÌ„t is Fernelius The opening of a vaine which may take away both the multitude and also a great portion of the putrified humour doth greatly auayle to the curing of the feuer And an other reason sheweth Galen why this must be done because nature being disburthened of a part shall the more easily ouercome the whole as I haue declared in the Chapter going before in the first vse of Phlebotomy If the ague be that which is called Causo the burning feuer whose matter is not the heate of bloud but the burning of choler and whose signes are tossing of the body an vnsatiable thirst the toong dry and rough either yellow or black a nipping about the stomack and liuer yellow excrements the vrine very thinne and something wanne the pulse swift thick and hard doating a little sweate about the forehead and neck but euery where else the skin very dry and therewithall a little rough letting bloud may also well be vsed at the beginning but in no great quantity only foure or fiue ounces for venting or euentilation are sufficient Auicenna in his curing of the Causo doth affirme that bloud is not to be let in it vnlesse there doe appeare rednesse and thicknesse of vrine but that is not Causo but rather synochus Montanus sheweth that the true continuall burning feuer seeing that the matter which doth putrifie in it to wit choler is most hote and most dry it becommeth in a manner altogether firy Hppocrates teacheth the way of curing a burning feuer by quenching the burning heate by giuing water and mulsa aquosa but he maketh no mention of letting of bloud thereupon Montanus doth conclude that letting of bloud is not to be permitted in a burning feuer But I thinke Montanus his argument in that disputation vpon the eleuenth Canon of Auicenna is of small force For although Hippocrates do not precisely commaund in that place bloud to be let in a burning feuer yet he maketh it in the same place to be a signe of the dissolution of the disease if the patient do bleede at the nose and presently vpon it he vttereth these words At in morbis acutis sanguinem detrahes si vehemens fuerit morbus qui aegrotant aetate florenti fuerint virium robore valuerint Platerus doth require in the Causo or burning feuer that there should be a liberall letting of bloud if strength do permit because he thinketh it not to proceede of pure choler as many other Phisitions haue taught but of bloud putrified and inflamed in the great artery and causing so much the more daÌ„gerous feuer as it is kindled in the trunck of the great artery neerest vnto the heart If Hippocrates do require Phlebotomy in morbis acutis then must it needes be good in the burning feuer which as Trincauell declareth is maximus acutissimus morbus But still in the quantity Hippocrates his rule must be obserued to haue a due regard of the age and strength CHAP. 3. How bloud-letting may be admitted in agues caused by obstructions as Diaries c. GAlen sheweth that by obstructions sometimes the transpiration and vapouring out may be intercepted and by the obstructions they which haue bad humours fall into agues as Diaries and such like and in them he requireth as very expedient the opening of a vayne first for venting or euentilation for as he saith vnlesse the bad humour be vented it must needs become putrified and secondly because those things which you shall minister afterward to deliuer from obstructions will worke more effectually For it is best to come to deterge and loose obstructions hauing first by bloud-letting for he speaketh there of Phlebotomy auoyded part of the euill humours For we seeking to deliuer the obstructions before we haue made euacuation it is in danger that we shall impâ—â—t the obstructions more firmely then before How the greatnesse of the obstruction shall be knowne Galen sheweth a little after in the same booke The declaration of the quantity of the obstruction is made manifest by the ague for vpon greater obstructions the ague is greater and vpon lesse obstructions it falleth out to be lesse Montanus being fallen into the consideration of this place of Galen doth make three seuerall kindes of obstructions and sheweth in which of them bloud-letting is requisite and in which not The fyrst obstruction is when in the pores of the skinne in the outward parts the transpiration and vapouring out is stayed and prohibited The second kind of obstruction he calleth coarctatoria when such a multitude of humours is conteyned within the vaynes that the passage of the spirits being stopped they cannot passe thorough the vaynes whereby there commeth a perill of suffocation The third obstruction is called oppilatio wheÌ„ some tough matter doth so stop the conduits and chanels of the vaynes that neither matter nor spirits can passe thorough them In the first kind of obstructions Phlebotomy is good because by it the body is made more thin and humors being without the vaines in the compasse of the skinne are by bloudletting drawne into the vaines and so do passe away as Montanus doth demonstrate out of Galen In the second kind of obstruction letting bloud is also conuenient that the thronging together of humours may cease and that bloud may be vented But in the third kind of obstruction it were ill done to let bloud because the thick humour which is impacted in the first vaynes is not thereby euacuated but rather increased as the same author doth proue out of the same fourth booke of Galen de sanitate tuenda I thinke he hath respect to that position of Galen In a werisome and faint body there is little good bloud and many raw humours Phlebotomies do auoyd the good bloud but as for the ill bloud which is gathered together in the first vaynes especially that which is about the liuer and mid bowels they disperse and spread it throughout all the body How in the two last kinds of obstructions the humour must be prepared and made fluxible before we attempt any letting of bloud it is to be declared hereafter in the third Chapter of the second booke But the question is here only of the first kind of obstructions when in an ague called diaria or ephemera which lasteth not aboue 24. howres by reason either
if it appeare yellow and thin let him straightway suppresse it CHAP. 5. Whether letting of bloud be to be admitted in the plague or pestilent feuer as also in the Pox and such other contagious infirmities and when and how AVicenna in his eeuenth canon concerning bloud-letting as Montanus hath deuided them doth set it downe for a rule that in what agues soeuer there is a most vehement inflammation there must be no letting of bloud Montanus discoursing vpon that place sayth that we must regard not so much what the disease requireth as what the strength can beare In respect of the disease Phlebotomy doth agree but not in respect of the powers He bringeth in an instance of a pestilent feuer and sheweth that bloud is not to be let in it because although of it selfe in regard of the pestilent feuer there is no greater remedie then letting of bloud seeing that by it the body is made apt to vent and vapour out the spirits the inward heate is extinguished and putrified bloud is euacuated yet if bloud be let all do dye and therefore we must absteine from Phlebotomy in the pestilent feuer because in a moment of time the strength vtterly decayeth Platerus sheweth sundry great dangers which letting of bloud doth bring vnto them that are infected with the plague and that little good helpe can be expected thereby I can not see how Phlebotomy can auayle to pluck that venemous quality from the heart or to bring it out of the body together with the bloud seeing that it is rather procured thereby that the infection which from outwardly commeth into the body and doth presently infect the spirits should be drawne more deepely inward And moreouer the motion of nature whereby straightwayes in the first inuasion it goeth about to shake out the poyson by sweates by outward pustles and by botches may be hindred by letting of bloud and the powers thereby weakened which we ought to keepe strong to expell that poyson It neither doth auoyd the cause of the disease neither is there any neede heere of any euentilation of heate seeing it is not heere so vehement Hereupon he concludeth that vpon rash and vnaduised letting of bloud in plague times many meÌ„ are killed Yet he acknowledgeth that when the plague hath taken hold vpon bodies which are summè plethorica vel cachectica full of bloud or of corrupt humours whereby a feuer is kindled then if by opening of a vayne the plenty and putrefaction of the bloud be taken away all the other symptomes will become more tolerable but that must be done sparingly and with a due regard of the strength And if in the beginning strength be decayed then is Phlebotomy not to be admitted though the fulnesse of the vaynes doe require it for of lusty youthes we haue found by experience more to escape in the plague time without letting of bloud then by letting of bloud If Phlebotomy be vsed it must be done rather in respect of the feuer then of the pestilent qualitie seeing that this venome doth not consist in the bloud but comming from outwardly doth sodainely possesse the heart and we do not thinke that it can be expelled or drawne out from it by Phlebotomy And if the case do so stand that by the meanes of the plenitude and feuer a vayne must needs be opened then he sheweth in what order it must be done First it must be done in the beginning for vnlesse the vayne be opened within 24. howres of the beginning it will rather hinder nature then do any good Also it must be considered whether the party be in a sweate or no for in no wise must the sweate be hindered by Phlebotomy But after the party hath sweat and hath bin refreshed with a little meate or some cordiall receipt then may a vayne be opened howsoeuer there hath gone no clyster nor purging before because the time hath not giuen leaue Choose the vayne in that side which is most grieued If any eruption appeare about the flanck open the saphena If in the vpper parts then some vayne in the arme or hand of the same side If vnder the arme-hole take the basilica If about the â—ares the cephalica If in the face open the vayne vnder the tongue And euer to the botches appearing let cupping glasses be fastned that the poyson may abide in the same place and not by Phlebotomy be drawne into the inward parts Trincauel doth accompt it very dangerous to let bloud when pimples do outwardly appeare but when as well by the pulse as by the former manner of diet which the party hath vsed it is found to be expedient then let it be done straight in the beginning before the putrefaction of the pestilent feuer be much increased and before nature do seeke to expell vnto the skin Thus he prooueth out of Galen who commenting vpon one of Hippocrates his patients called Crito who dyed vpon a kind of pestilent feuer he doth excuse Hippocrates and sayth that he did not let him bloud because he was not sent for at the beginning of the disease Which signifieth that if he had bin sent for at the beginning a vaine no doubt should presently haue bin opened Montanus in his epistle to Crato doth allow letting of bloud in the small pocks and such other contagious diseases so that it be in the beginning before signes of putrefaction appeare but when it hath once preuayled then to let bloud he doth call it a pernitious and a deadly thing For nature is then checked when it should wholy be intentiue to expell the venom and infection of the disease Fernelius Hollerius and Syluius three famous and worthie Physitions consulting about the sweating plague called sudor Anglicus did deliuer to the English Embassadour the vse of bloud-letting amongst the meanes to preuent the disease in full bodies the bodies being first orderly purged but the disease hauing once taken hold they aduised no bloud-letting but prescribed good cordials to expell from the heart the venemous infection But in that which is commonly called by the name of Plague although the body be already infected yet if it be corpus pletharicum the notes whereof are in the first Chapter of the booke next ensuing wee may be bold to begin the cure with bloud-letting obseruing as neere as may be the cautions before expressed and especially taking heed as Montanus giueth warning that wee choose the vayne as farre as we can from the principall parts from the heart liuer and braine for if we draw the pestilent humour vnto them he sayth we shall kill the patient CHAP. 6. How letting of bloud is to be vsed in phrensies quinsies plurisies inflammations of the raynes or wombe and other inward inflammations happening often without agues IN the phrensy which is a deprauing of all the principall faculties of the braine caused by the inflammation of the filmes thereof Rhazes doth allow Phlebotomy in the
much as is drawne vpward out of the inferior parts of the body whereupon the humour following the motion which is made by the force of the vayne cut setling on that side doth giue an occasion of a new inflammation And therefore when there is a plenitude in the whole body especially about the lower parts of the belly he doth greatly commend the custome practised for many yeares with good successe by the Phisitions of Venice to wit in this to open the vayne about the knee or about the anckle And he sheweth that in his owne experience in the same time that he was writing that treatise he cured an old man of 60. yeares of age who hauing a body verè plethoricum was fallen into a plurisie by causing the vayne to be opend hard by the anckle If Hippocrates did sometimes open the vayne in the arme of the same side where the pleurisie did lye as Trincauel doth make accompt he did in the curing of Anaxion the Abderite it was because the disease was fully made and the matter already flowed But in the beginning of the flowing of the humour neither Hippocrates nor Galen do allow the same kinde of euacuation which afterward-they admit when the flux is already made Hippocrates sayth If humours be caryed into that part which they ought not we must reuell them but if they flow the same way they ought then to open the passage to them according as euery one is bent And what his iudgement is touching this matter you haue it set downe in the end of my Chapter last going before and also toward the end of my first Chapter where are cited the words of Galen concerning an vlcer caused of a flux that if the flowing be vehement we must pluck it back into the contrary parts but when it doth cease and rest setled in a place then is it best to deriue it Vpon which point also Galen doth inferre there a generall conclusion It is a generall thing that when fluxes doe begin wee must vse reuulsion but when they are setled in any affected part then euacuate them either from the same place or from some other place as neere as can be He speaketh there of purging by medicins but in the 13. and 14. booke of the same method of healing he requireth the same order likewise in letting of bloud and repeateth againe as a generall axiome euer make the reuulsion to the furthest parts off So commenting vpon Hippocrates he biddeth vs first make reuulsions and afterward set vpon the contraries to make locall euacuations as he himselfe doth expound it by the example of griefe in the hinder part of the head which is taken away by opening the vayne of the forehead And so in an other place if the right leg haue an inflammation he appoynteth a vayne to be opened in the left Fuchsius hath framed sundry answeres to those testimonies of Galen in the 13. booke of his Methodus therapeutica First he saith that his generall axiome that reuulsion must be made alwayes to places furthest distant can in no wise be wrested vnto letting of bloud seeing that Galen doth not speake there of letting of bloud but of purgings vomits cupping-glasses and such like I wonder that Fuchsius should make that answere seeing that Galen doth not only often in the leaues last going before make mention of Phlebotomy but also when he hath made this generall precept with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 semper alwayes reuell to the furmost he sayth in the lines next following that he hath spoken of this in his bookes of Plenitude and Phlebotomy These things are written in my bookes of fulnesse and bloud-letting Secondly Fuchsius saith further aliquando venae sectione ad longinqua reuellimus sed hoc fit in futuro morbo sometimes we make reuulsion by bloud-letting into places farre distant but that is when the disease is to come If Fuchsius confesse so much then he agreeth with Auicâ—n Montanus Trincauell and such aâ— hold with them For they all do teach that reuelling into places furthermost distant is not alwayes requisite but only in the beginning when the humour is yet flowing before the humour be setled antequam sit morbus factus before it be a disease made and that is indeed in futurso morbo Thirdly for that place where Galen doth bid that if the one leg haue an inflammation we should let bloud in the other Fuchsius answereth that Galen doth speake in that place of scarifying that when one leg hath gotten an inflammation we must scarify the other because scarifying doth stirre vp a griefe and payne and dolor attrahit griefe draweth the flux to the place scarifyed But I maruaile that Fuchsius would not take the words as Galen hath let them downe Galen speaketh plainely in that place not only of scarifying but also of bloud-letting his words are these We must either open a vayne or scarify the places not affected as the hand being grieued to take the leg or the one leg being pained the other Fuchsius hauing obiected the practise of some which first do diminish the plenitude by opening the saphena or else the basilica of the contrary arme and after do take away the reliques out of the same side where the griefe lyeth doth cry out against this counsayle of the Arabian Phisitions with the same words that Fernelius also doth What an od counsaile is this to torment the patient so often when you may with one act ease him of his payne But although these two were both of them famous and learned men yet as good Phisitions as they doe prescribe the act of letting of bloud to be often repeated either in one day or in dayes immediatly following and yet are in very good hope that they doe not thereby torment the patient but worke much more for his ease Mercurialis giuing counsaile to one which in a cough did spit bloud sayth If the casting vp of bloud do remayne it would like me well that bloud should often be let a little at once out of either arme and therewithall rubbings and bindings applyed both to the anckles and to the knees Montanus who doth as much reuerence Auicenna as Fuchsius and Fernelius do persecute him For he sayth of him Auicen was a most diuine man a follower of Galen and to be preferred before all that haue drawne their learning out of Galen We haue Greeke translators as he nameth there Aëtius Paulus Aegineta and Oribasius but compare them with Auicen and they are nothing And a little after he sayth we must know that Auicen doth neuer speake any thing but what was before approued by antiquity This Montanus as in other points he commendeth Auicenna so in the seuerall states of pleurisy he alloweth his iudgement that first bloud be drawne from the saphena then from the opposite vayne of the arme and last of all from the same side The first taketh away the multitude
leanesse and lingring sicknesse and moreouer so full of crudities I dare not so much as once make mention of letting of bloud As for the itch which is thought by Melinus a learned Phisition to be the same which Galen calleth after Hippocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spontaneae lassitudines The same Phisition Melinus being himselfe fallen into it when the other Phisitions about him and a Chirurgian who was procured to come by the French kings Embassadour did all earnestly perswade him to be let bloud and shewed what good they had done in the like cases by bloud-letting Melinus did refuse to yeeld vnto it cleaâ—ing stedfastly to the iudgement of Galen who in this impediment of the itch and scabs will haue either no bloud to be taken at all or else very little and that rather to pluck back then to euacuate The common opinion of Chirurgians was that the more corrupt the bloud was the greater quantitie he might spare of it But he relyed wholy vppon that auctority of Galen Of these kinds and degrees of sanguisication some little differ from bloud some more and some most of all In those which on either side differ but a little from bloud you may boldly vse Phlebotomy In them which differmore do it more warily but in them which are most departed from bloud vse it not at all If the good bloud be little and the other humour much then abstayne from letting bloud but if the humour be little and the bloud plentifull then boldly vse Phlebotomy Melinus though he knew these conclusions of Galen yet because the case was his owne and did so neerely concerne himselfe he sent a letter to Fernelius laying open the whole case vnto him and desiring him that he would declare his iudgement coÌ„cerning this matter Fernelius subâ—â—ribeth to the opinion of Melinus and sheweth that in a pure plenitude of bloud the fulnesse may safely be deminished by Phlebotomy but in an impure plenitude that hath a cacochymia or vicious humour mingled with it the fulnesse must be a little eased by opening a vayne sparingly and by distances of time and the rest of the impurity must be taken away by purging But then doth bloud â—etting most harme when the ill humour is bred as it is most commonly by the fault of the liuer and stomack For the bloud though impure being taken away a much more impure doth succeede He giueth instance of the iaundise the cachexia and that kind of dropsie which maketh the flesh spungie and the whole body to swell For the iaundise in a full body it may sometimes be vsed either when it commeth by the ouermuch heate of the liuer according to Montanus or when it commeth by the obstruction of the gall according to Fuchsius The caâ—hexia or bad habit of body is perceiued as Trincanel sheweth by many outward signes which are commonly these the swelling of the face especially vnder the eyes the countenance and whole body discoloured a swelling in the belly such moyst and waterish pussings vp of the legges and feete that if you presse in your finger it will leaue a dent or hole the mouth alwayes full of spittle vomitings vp of some watery matter and nippings about the heart The scuruy seeing as Wierus declareth it commeth of the obstruction of the spleene whereby the thinner part of melancholy is caryed vpward and with a sharp corrosion doth infect the gummes and the grosseâ— part thereof falling downe doth infect and spot the legs I shall neede to say no more of it then I haue set downe already in the eight Chapter concerning the obstructions of the spleene and experience hath taught vs sufficiently that much ease may come vnto it by the right and aduised vse of Phlebotomy Baldwinus Roussaeus declareth what vayne in his iudgement is most fit to be opened in the scuruy If the humour be not fallen downe he counsayleth bloud to be let out of the middle vayne of the left arme but if the melancholick iuice hath already flowed downe to the hips then open the vayne of the knee or of the anckle I leaue it to the reader to examine and measure this aduise of his as well by those principles and grounds which I haue discussed at large in the seauenth Chapter of this present booke as also by those circumstances and other obscruations which I shal haue occasion to intreate of hereafter in the former fiue Chapters of the booke next following Thus you haue in this first booke the first scope and intention of bloud-letting briefely laid open to wit in what infirmities the greatnesse of the discase doth require a vayne to be opened For as first Hippocrates and after him Galen doth declare there are three especiall points to be marked in the drift purpose of letting of bloud The first is called by them the greatnesse of the disease whether it be present or to come whether acute or of long continuance if it be great dangerous strong or grieuous The second is a flourishing age neither too yong nor too old for the vndergoing of that remedy The third is the strength of the powers of the patient True it is that Galen doth sometimes name diuers other scopes and intents in the matter of Phlebotomy In his method of healing he reckoneth eight There are in this opening of a vayne many scopes and obseruations 1. The first nature and temperature of the party 2. his manner and custome 3. his age 4. the place of abode 5. the time of the yeare 6. the constitution or the state of the heauens 7. the affection of the disease which we haue in cure 8. the strength of the patient Sometimes he nameth tenne besides the age as in his treatise of Phlebotomy If in respect of age they be neither children nor old folks then consider of Phlebotomy hauing a regard especially to these first scopes and drifts 1. the quantity and quality of the plenitude 2. the strength or weakenesse of the powers 3. the naturall habite of the whole body 4. and the time of the yeare 5. and the region or place of habitation 6. the former life whether the party so affected haue vsed a fulnesse of meates and drinks and especially such as are of great nourishment 7. custome or discontinuance 8. what motions and exercises he hath vsed 9. whether he haue had heretofore any euacuations which are now withholden against custome 10. and moreouer besides all these whether the party be leane or grosse All these varieties doth Galen bring into a briefer diuision and reduce them into two seuerall heads first such scopes as declare whether bloud be to be let or no and secondly such as shew what quantity of bloud is to be taken To the first do appertayne the three generall scopes of Hippocrates and to the second sort do belong also all the rest For so be
the words of Galen Therefore by the disease and the age and the powers we know that bloud is to be let but the quantity of the euacuation is to be gathered not only by these but by all the other intentions The second booke of Harwards Phlebotomy concerning the rules and circumstances which are to be obserued when for the prenenting or curing of a disease any vayne is to be opened The first Chapter Whether the party that is to be let bloud haue that dâ—â—bented plenitude which is called of Phisitions corpus plethoricum and how the feuerall kindes of plenitudes may be knowen THe principall thing whereof consideration is most to be had in letting of bloud is named of most writers to be magnitudo morbi the greatnesse of the disease of which I haue no purpose now to write seeing it is in a manner the whole matter subiect of the booke already ended When it is found by the nature of the disease that a vayne is to be opened then we are next to examine the constitution of the party from whom the bloud is to be taken and especially by all signes and tokens exactly to waigh whether he haue corpus vere plethoricum a body ouercharged with the fulnesse of the vaynes or rather with excesse of humours ouer the whole body as Galen doth define it Plenitude is an abundance or an excesse of humours thoroughout all the body There are two sorts of plenitude the one is called ad vasa in respect of the vessels conteyning and the other ad vires in respect of the power not to be able to beare those humours that are The plenitude quoad vasa is made by Galen to be of two sorts the first he calleth simply a plenitude which he defineth to be the foure humours being proportionably increased The second kinde he calleth a plenitude with an addition or a plenitude compound when some other humour besides bloud doth abound more then it ought These I will not stand vpon because I haue already deciphered them in the first Chapter of the first booke There remayneth only heere to set downe the marks and euident signes whereby they may best be knowne when the patient commeth in presence If there be a fulnesse of bloud in respect of the vaynes and other vessels then the colour both of the face and the whole body will be much enclined to red after any strong motion the vaynes will swell and the arteryes beate a sweate will easily breake out a wearinesse doth oppresse the body and lims which are loth to moue by reason of their owne waight the hand can hardly be clutched together the drawing breath will be very thick after exercises In the fulnesse in respect of ouercharging the powers and strength these things do happen the motions of the body lims are somewhat slower the sleepe is heauie but troublesome the partie doth often dreame that he is ouer-charged with some burthen and that he can not stirre himselfe and he feeleth likewise a wearinesse and heauines as is in the former but it is without those full and distented vaynes If the bloud do particularly exceede in these plenitudes then some do adde moreouer these signes the pulse thick full and soft the laughters great the head enclined to aches the body somewhat costiue the spittle sweete the vrine red and thick the dreames either of colours red or of things amorous and in women their termes vsually in the first quarter of the moone When any other humour doth abound it is called a cacochymy A cacochymy is an abounding of any other humour but bloud If choler do abound the colour of the face and eyes and whole body will be pale or yellow or of a citrine or tawny colour the party will be watchfull and of little sleepe griefes will be most on the right side vomitings will be often the thirst much and the appetite to meate faint the pulse will be slender hard and swift in the mouth sometimes a bitternesse the vrine of a firy colour and with little ground or sediment the dreames will be much of matters of fire and the termes vnto women happen most in the second quarter of the moone If fleame do abound the colour of the face and body will be white the body it selfe waighty fat soft and cold the tast weake the griefes most about the ribs stomack or the hinder part of the head the pulse slow soft and weake the vrine pale or white sometimes thinne and sometimes thick with much grounds or sediment the sleepe sound and much the dreames either of drowning or watery matters and the termes vnto women vsually in the old of the moone If melancholy do exceede the colour of the face and whole body will be browne dusky and blackish sometimes equally and sometimes somewhat bespotted feares will come needelesly and sorowes without cause the pulse will be hard the vrine will be thinne and white and sometimes when melancholy doth auoyd it will be thick and black or black and blew or somewhat greenish the sleepe troublesome and full of fearefull dreames and the termes to women commonly after the full I could here rehearse many other signes whereof Leuinus Lemnius doth make mention drawne from the fashions studyes and manner of life of the party to make tryall of euery one by the manner of his gate by the deuises of his braine and by the performance of his actions but then I should perhaps make some to thinke too well and some too ill of themselues although in deede hardly will any thinke too ill and I should increase this latter booke into a greater quantity then is now my purpose to performe Briefely I conclude this first poynt concerning the plenitudes with the censure and iudgement of Galen who when he hath brought them all to two generall heads When the humours are equally increased they call it in Greeke plethos or plethora but when the body is full of yellow or black choler or of sleame or of thinne whayish moystures then they call it not plethora but eacochymia He doth presently after shew how they must be holpen and amongst the remedyes of plethora he maketh letting bloud the principall Plethora is cured by letting of bloud but for cacochymia he maketh the chiefest remedy to be purging But cacochymia is cured by that purging which is proper and peculiar to euery seuerall abounding humour If this cacochymia be also with a disâ—ented fulnesse then must also Phlebotomy be vsed but sparingly only so much as may ease the plenitude and rather as Fernelius doth aduise ex interuallis detrahendo quà m vniuersim affatim vacuando sublata plenitudine praecipiti periculosa reliqua impuritas cacochymia purgatione eximenda est But of this already in the last Chapter of the former booke CHAP. 2. Of the consideration of the temperature of the party what it is by manner
ouermuch humiditie which is knowne by this that though the body be emptie yet there is no perfect right feeling of hunger then you must giue also of the iuice of quinces but if there be a coldnesse with the humiditie then you must adde vnto it some sugar with a little cinnamon or some spice conuement And if choler do slow vnto the stomack by the vnluckinesse of the passages of the gall then giue warme water and sâ—rupus acetosies and prouoke a vomit and when the choler is by vomit cast out strengthen the stomack with a morsell of bread and so let the vayne be opened An other occasion may be of a needefull preparation to wit if the party that is to be let bloud haue his bloud ouer-grosse and thick for then for two or three dayes before letting bloud he must vse extenuating things as a decoction of hysop â—ep wild maricrom and penyriall in which is boyled a little white wine and hony Fuchsius addeth further that bathes may be also sometimes vsed especially when bloud must be let in some part farre from the liuer as in the hands or in the feete But in a full body and in suspicion of an inflammation the vse of bathings must be auoyded as very pernicious Trincauel commenting vpon Galen after that he hath shewed that bloud-letting doth not require so great a concoction of humours as other euacuations do because bloud hath no neede to be prepared for the bringing forth vnlesse when it is too thick we do by bathings or some other meanes make it more thin that it may flow more readily yet sometimes not only concoction but also euacuation by purging must go before Phlebotomy not in respect of the bloud but in respect of some other danger as he giueth an instance of quotidian agues in which there is much fleame gathered in the stomack and many crudities in the first vaynes vnlesse this fleame be first digested and drawne out of the stomack it may be as he proueth out of Galen that wheÌ„ the vaynes are emptyed by Phlebotomy they will draw that raw fleame and dispersing it by other vaynes into all the principall parts will make greater obstructions then before he concludeth therefore let first the fleame be either concocted by abstinence or brought out by avomit or auoyded by purging and then maâ—st thou safely open a varne Galen sayth In a faint body wherein is little good bloud and many raw humours Phlebotomies do auovd the good and as for the euill which is conteyned especially in the vaynes about the liuer and mid-bowels they do pluck them into all the body Montanus writing vpon the eight Canon of Auicenna doth discusse this matter at large Let vs suppose sayth he that there be a raw humour without the mesaraick vaynes yet Auicenna will haue vs then to absteme from bloudletting for the raw humour 〈◊〉 drawne into the inward vaynes and the obstruction is made greater and the feuer increased we therefore giue first things that may concoct and not such things as may distribute into the varnes He alleageth the aduise of Galen who prescribeth that if there be any raw humours in the mesaraick vaynes we should absteyne from diospoliticum diacalaminthum and from bathes because they do distribute into the vaynes and that we let only sleepe suffice and the vse of diatrion pipereon because that doth concoct humours and not distribute them into the vaynes When the crudities being concocted we come to letting bloud then Auicen doth there counsayle vs that if the bloud be little and naught we must take but an ounce or two and refreshing the patient with some meate of the best nourishment then to take the like againe which Montanus doth thinke to be the same 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or tempering of humours which Galen doth so much require This 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 temperatio humorum is nothing else but by little and little 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to take away bad humours and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to adde and restore good humours Trincauel giuing his aduise about a woman who had the termes suppressed although he perceiued her to haue a reasonable full body and to be of the fittest age to let bloud in which he accompteth to be about the fortieth yeare yet because there was in her body abundance of raw grosse and tough humours he did appoynt her to absteyne from letting bloud If you take away bloud you take away the bridle of raw matters and make them more raw and more grossâ— He buildeth his counsayle vpon that precept of Auicenna Take heed that thou bring not thy patient to either of these two extremities either to haue cold humours made raw or to haue the hoate to be brought to boyle and bubble Montanus discoursing vpon Auicenna his canons doth require that not only in raw phlegmatick matters but also in aboundance of choler some auoyding of it either by vomit or purging should go before Phlebotomy least the bridle to wit bloud being gone the fiercenesse of choler should more increase In those in whome by reason of the tempering of the humour bloud must be let a little at once and often Galen doth wish as well the reiterating of the purging as of the Phlebotomy As many as shall seeme to haue little bloud when you haue brought them to some probable humour you may let them bloud and then refresh them and againe you may purge them and afterward refresh them and againe you may let them bloud especially them whose whole bloud is like vicious and thick slime But he addeth presently but in them which are strong and full of bloud you may begin in them with Phlebotomy So sayth Fernelius that in the feuer synochus you must let bloud straightway in the beginning without any purging before But in what particular diseases you may begin with Phlebotomy and in which not it is shewed in their seuerall Chapters in my other former booke Concerning such as do thinke that the body is not fit for Phlebotomy vnlesse it be first cuacuated with some purging receit or potion the learned Massaria doth mightely condemne them which do neuer attempt the opening of a vayne vnlesse they haue first once or perhaps twise or more often vsed some purging medicine which without doubt doth trouble the fit occasion of the remedy and is altogether contrary to the doctrine of Galen who doth teach that in the beginning of diseases one of the two remedies may be fit to wit either Phlebotomy or purging but in nouise both of them So that if a man do diligently marke this kind of healing which now is commonly and euery where practized nothing can be deuised more filthy then it nothing more repugnant to the decrees of Hippocrates and Galen As Mercurialis in his treatise concerning the small pocks and measels doth forbid purging medicins to be receiued into the stomack at such time as nature
haue them vsed vntill the infants be at least a yeare old Mercurialis iudgeth it more safe to stick to the opinion of Auicen not to vse them till the children be a yeare old and that with these three conditions first that the child be full of bloud and of good strength secondly that they be rather applyed to the legs then to the vpper parts because bloud drawne from the lower parts doth not so much impaire the strength nor wast the spirits as that which is drawne in the vpper parts and thirdly that there neuer be taken aboue one ounce or two at the most In the Chapter following he addeth an other caution to wit that if we seeke to draw bloud out of places farre off we apply such cupping instruments as haue wide and large mouthes but if we purpose to draw from neere places then to vse such as haue narrow mouthes and therefore if we apply them to the legs they must haue wider mouthes and if to the places about the loynes the narrower Galen for old age telleth a pretty history of a mad Phisition which raâ—hly did let himselfe bloud Acertavne Phisition of fifty yeares of age being now a seauennight sick and not very strong hauing a great paine in his head not able to stay vntill some of his fellowes could come to him did in the night time let himselfe bloud and his paine quickly ceased But a long time after he was discoloured in his body weake in strength thinne and without nourishment so that hardly he could recouer that habit of health which before he had For women being with child Montanus sayth that wee must greatly suspect as well letting of bloud as any other euacuation in them both in respect of the nourishment of the woman and child and also for feare of an abortement or vntimely birth Especially he will haue them to be auoyded at those times when there is most danger of vntimely birth that is before the fourth moneth and after the seauenth moneth For whereas Hippocrates doth permit to purge women with child being foure moneths gone vntill they come to seauen moneths but them which are yonger conceaued or which haue gone longer we must beware of dealing with them Galen commenting vpon that place doth compare the child in the mothers wombe to the fruit of a tree which when it is very yong is soone fetched off with any wind or blasâ—ing and when it is very ripe it is ready to fall off it selfe but in the middle time it will remayne strong on the tree against all stormes and tempests So the infant in the wombe is most in danger of vntimely birth when the woman is either in the beginning or towards the end of her accompt But Montanus sayth purging bringeth more danger then phlebotomy Phlebotomy is then the mere dangerous if the child be great as is noted by Hippocrates A woman being with child is deliuered before her time if that be great wherewithall she is conceaued Galen expounding that aphorisme doth giue the reason of it because the bigger the infant is the larger nourishment it requireth Yet Montanus addeth that sometimes women with child do receiue much good by opening a vayne especially if they be full of bloud he sayth I haue seene some such women that if they had bin let bloud euery moneth it would haue bin without danger and againe if they had not had sometimes a vayne opened they would haue bin so grieuously sick that there would haue bin danger of an vntimely birth When superfluous bloud is taken away the foode remayneth more holesome for the child Fernelius doth more plainely oppose himselfe against the axiome of Hippocrates and yet not in his owne words but alleaging against him this censure of Cornelius Celsus Ould Phisitions did thinke that childhood and old age could not endure such a help as is Phlebotomy and they were perswaded that the woman which should vndergo such a kind of curing should procure an vntimely birth But afterward experience hath shewed that none of these cautions are perpetuall but that better obseruations are to be marked vnto which the Phisitions counsaile is to be directed for it skilleth not what are the yeares of age nor what the party doth cary in the body but what the strength is a stout boy a strong old man and a woman with child hauing an able body may safely this way be cured As Montanus doth limit and restrayne this liberty appoynting it not to be vsed vnlesse the woman be very full of bloud so Massaria doth likewise require that the Phisition should not only respect the present estate of a woman being with child but to forecast how she shal haue sufficient nourishment and strength to hold out vnto the appointed time of her deliuery Concerning women hauing their termes whether they may securely be let bloud it is thus resolued by Montanus writing vpon the seauenth canon of Auicenna concerning bloud-letting that if they haue them immoderately then may they open the vayne basilica for diuersion But if moderately and naturally then is Phlebotomy not requisite Yet he sayth if such a woman haue a pleâ—risie or a sharp feuer and be in danger that vnlesse the flux of bloud be eased by spitting there should come an inflammation of the lungs and vnlesse the force of the humour flowing to the breft be stayed there would be danger of a suffocation then must the saphena be opened though the woman haue her flowers For costiuenesse I referre the reader to the third Chapter of this second booke how it must be corrected before Phlebotomy As for the flux of the body Platerus doth giue a câ—aueat generally that such persoÌ„s as are apt to swouâ—nings should not be let bloud wheÌ„ they haue a dia rrhaea or loosenesse of the body because the flux doth make them more apt to swoune But otherwayes letting of bloud is of it selfe good for such flâ—xts as Auicen sheweth in his fourth canon and vpon it Montanus because there can be no vacuuin no voyd emptinesse therefore there is made an attraction out of the whole body by succession of parts one vayne draweth from an other vntill at the last it draw from the stomack as the like doth happen in hunger Now when the vaynes haue drawne first one from an other then they from the liuer then the liuer from the mesaraick vaynes and the mesaraick vaines from the stomack thereby the moysture being plucked away the body is made more bounden And besides that stimulating and tickling choler which did before passe downe and cause the flux to be more violent is by Phlebotomy drawne back from the bowels But how is it then that so many vpon letting of bloud do become straightway loose bodyed Montanus doth answere out of Auicen that it is non per se sed per accidens not of it selfe but by meanes of some other accident as of some timorousnesse and feare
or by deriuing meanes as in agues by sieges vrines and sweates in a ripened pleurisie by spitting in inflammations of the liuer if they be in cauo hepatis by soluble medicins if in gibbo hepatis by things diuretick or causing vrine And the more to condemne Auicen Fernelius doth plainely auouch that letting bloud is most fit then when signes of crudittes do appeare At what time so euer yea if it were the twentith day of the sicknesse if signes of cruditie do appeare we may open a vayne for we measure Phlebotomy not by the number of dayes but by the concocting of the matter and the dissoluing of strength If neither of those do happen Phlebotomy may be vsed Montanus interpreteth the meaning of Auicenna that when he will not haue bloud to be let before concoction he doth ayme especially at such diseases in which a thick grosse humour doth abound as in quotidians and melancholick feuers whose humour being tough and raw would be made more rebellious if bloud were taken away First therefore he wil haue that humour to be concocted and euacuated and then if it be thought conuenient to open a vayne if the bloud be corrupt and in great plenty Trincauel maketh this to be the chiefest concoction that is required before letting bloud in respect of the bloud it selfe to wit when it is too thick to make it more fluxible as is before in the third Chapter of this booke There are two kinds of concoctions the first called properly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wheÌ„ naturall heate doth turne the food into due nourishment conteyning vnder it those three sorts or degrees of concoction mentioned by Galen whereof the first is called by him the concoction in the stomack and bowels wherein the purer part is sent towards the liuer to be made bloud and the impure is cast out by siege The second the concoction in the vaines wherein the moyst whitish iuice being by the mesaraick vaynes caryed to the liuer and by the liuer turned into bloud is by the vaynes and arteryes perfected and distributed into all the body in respect of the purer part thereof to wit bloud as it conteyneth the principall iuices and seede and the impure is by the vaynes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 conueyed into the bladder and from thence cast out by vrine The third the concoction in the flesh wherein the purer part of the bloud being by the vaynes and arteryes caryed into all the body is by an other separation in respect of the purer part thereof turned into substance and spirits and the impure is cast out by sweate as Weckerus nameth three kinds of excrements appertayning to the three degrees of concoction excrementa primae concoctionis stercora secundae vrinae tertiae sudores exhalationes These three concoctions being finished the best part of the nourishment is assumilated and made one to the flesh body bloud and spirits of him that is to be nourished Galen sayth When the third concoction is ended there is an assimilation made to the part that is to be nourished These concoctions and the seuerall degrees thereof do all deale with that matter quae est benigna familiaris which is good and familiar vnto the party that hath receiued it There is an other kind of concoction called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherein naturall heate doth deale with a matter not that is good and familiar but such as doth cause disease and doth seeke either to assimilate some part of it if she can or else to make it either lesse hurtfull to the body or more fit to be expelled These two distinct kinds of concoctions when naturall heate can not or doth not performe what it would or should then they leaue distinct kinds of crudities as Galen sheweth speaking of cholerick crudities as those whome the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whatsoeuer sayth he is of pature ouercome is called by Hippocrates concocted and what soeuer nature can not yet ouercome is called crude and raw as he giueth in the same place an instance of purulent matters in inflammations of spittle of rheumes and of watrish humidities such as do passe out in those vrines which are called vrinae crudae and in choler which being raw he saith it is yellow sharp ill sauoring but being concocted it is more pale and not so ill smelling As for spittings and snot such they may be that they may be the excrements of this later kinde of concoction and such they may be that they may be excrements of the last degree of the former kinde of concoction How these seuerall kinds of concoctions are to be respected in purging and whether in acute or sharp diseases we may giue minoratiue or purging receipts before there appeare signes of concoctioÌ„ of the matter of the disease I do handle at large in my second part of the great Phisick remedies called Cathartice As for Phlebotomy seeing that the chiefest intents thereof are to ease the ouer-much fulnesse of the body or to pluck back or diuert a humour from or to some place we are not so much to wait for the concoction of the matter of yâ— disease vnlesse it be the ouer-much grossenesse of thick bloud as to marke the concoction of nourishment that the first degree thereof be done and the second well forward For if we let bloud when the stomack or first vaynes are full of indigested crudities they will passe into the vaines which are emptyed and make greater obstructions As violent exercises vpon full stomacks do disperse and distribute raw humours into the body to the much hurt of the body so doth also Phlebotomy and therfore that may partly be applyed vnto it which Galen hath written of exercises Then is the best time when the meate before taken is perfectly concocted and digested in respect of the two first concoctions The way to know this time is by the colour of the vrine A waterish vrine doth shew that the iuice which is sent out of the stomack and bowels into the vaynes is yet raw and vndigested The fâ—ry red and cholerick vrine sheweth that the iuices are long ago concoâ—led already That which is moderately pale is a signe of the second concoction euen now finished I haue shewed already in the end of the eight Chapter of my former booke that in many diseases the colour of the vrine may deceiue and in what cases it may most deceiue I neede not therfore heere to speake any more thereof but only to poynt out those other circumstances signes which together with it are ioyntly to be weighed and considered To know perfectly the state of the body Galen doth in one place ioyne with the colour of the vrine fiue other things to be heedily regarded First we must ponder what diet the diseased body hath lately vsed for sundry sorts of meates and wines may cause many alterations in the
moment It was a damnable opinion amongst the Chaldaeans to make the constellations of the starres to be a table of all fatall lawes as though the whole life of man were written therein As Tarutius Firmianus being skilfull in the Chaldaean sciences tooke vpon him by the manner of Romulus his life and death to calculate what time he was borne that because he wrought such actes and dyed in such a manner therefore he must needes be borne such a yeare and such an howre The superstitions of the Chaldâ—eans were such that they would not build a house nor attempt any iourney nor so much as put a new garment vpon them but they would first haue a regard of the constellations and planets These fond and wicked abuses of astronomy I do wholy reiect and disallow But in the vse of Phisick seeing that a great part thereof doth concerne the flowing and issuing the staying and the passing away of humours and that it is found by the termes of women by the fluxes and refluxes of the seas and many other wayes that the moone hath by the maker thereof certaine influences giuen vnto her much auaylable to the auoyding and correcting of humours I do not thinke but if it be found by the experiences of former ages that at sometimes and in some signes or aspects her forces are more violent then at other we may haue some consideration thereof and make choyce of such as are most meetest for our purpose euen as the husbandmen may also take such times for their grafting sowing planting and such like as by the proofes of all nations haue appeared to be fittest for the fruitfull growing and propagation thereof To returne now to our argument of letting bloud seeing that as I haue shewed the signe may sometimes seeme to be good and yet by other aspects the same may be controuled what course is then to be taken when for want of good helps we can not come to the knowledge of the aspects Surely then our best way will be to obserue the manner of the weather When the weather is setled to be very dry then are not humours apt to flow but in open and moyst weather we find them very fluxible Fernelius sayth The north wind vtterly forbiddeth letting bloud only the south wind doth best admit it in the cold time of winter The time of the day is made by Galen and out of him Fuchsius to be the fittest within an howre or thereabouts after the party is risen after the yesterdayes meate is prety well digested and the body eased as well by stoole as by making water Fernelius sayth in suffocante pleuritide angina quouis tempore fiat If the disease be an intermitting ague I haue shewed in the last Chapter that the fittest time is the middle betwixt two fits at what time of the day soeuer it be and the party must a little before be dicted thereafter Montanus sayth If he looke for the fit in the morning let bloud in the euening before Marsilius Ficinus will have schollers who abounding with bloud do vse Phlebotomy to preuent diseases to vse it both morning euening but at either time a little foure ounces in the morning and as many in the euening because it is dangerous to auoyd too much bloud at once but of this in the eight Chapter CHAP. 7. On whether side the vayne is to be taken when we let bloud to preuent diseases or to auoyd or deriue their matter also what vayne must chiefely be chosen for sundry infirmities ON what side the vayne must be taken in great dangerous inflammations where there is cause of reuulsions I haue shewed alreadie in the seauenth Chapter of the former booke It is not denyed but that in some cases it is requisite that the vayne should be opened in the same side where the inflmmation lyeth But if any do vrge a necessitie that it must needs be euer on the arme of the same side Trincauel doth aske one question Si in muliere supprimantur solitae purgationes ex ea occasione superuenerit pleuritis Item si ex retento sanguine ex hamorrhoidibus fluente vt ait Hippocr 6. epid in libro de humor quod quibus sanguis ex haemorrhoidibius fluere solet illi neque pleuritide neque peripneumonia capiuntur quae vena iam secanda illane quae costis affectis communicat an potius alia impellens particula but of this alreadie I hope sufficiently in the Chapter aboue named The doubt is now on what side the vayne must be opened when we do it to preuent diseases the old verse is commonly knowne Aestas Ver dextras autumnus hyemsque sinistras The spring sommer right side vains would haue But autumne and the winter left do craue But here we must take heed that we vse not too much to let bloud on one side for that thereby we see many to be brought to particular palsies and to lose the vse of one eye or care or the strength of one arme or side partly because the longer that superfluous humours haue found a vent in one place the more apt they are to haue recourse to the same place and if they haue not their former passage they will easily either make obstructions or breede some inconuenience and partly because the letting bloud too much on one side may perhaps coole that side more vehemently then is requisite If therefore thou hast bin heretofore let bloud on the one side thy best way is the next time to take the other side and to labour by all meanes that the humours may flow equally and that they may be caryed with no greater force towards thy one side then thy other When there is neede of euacuation and deriuation and not reuulsion then doth Galen appoynt vs to take the vayne alwayes on the same side If the right side of the wombe be grieued auoid bloud out of the right hand or right leg and if the left side be enflamed then take the side that is right with it for that is the meaning of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Hippocrates to wit that we open the 〈…〉 hepatica and lienaris directly for they arâ— neerest to the affected parts and most right vpon it And in an other place The euacuation out of the neerest vaâ—nes and which are common to the place affected is both best and easiest As concerning what vayne is to be opened this rule is most generally prescribed that if the parts beneath the neck be grieued we must open the inward vayne of the arme called generally inâ—erna or basilica or axiliâ—ris and more particularly if it be in the right arme called recoraria or hepatica in the left henaris this is opened commonly on the left side if the heart lungs or spleene be affected and on the right side if the liuer or stomack be affected If the parts which be afflicted be aboue the neck then we open the
treasure yet in firmer strength in the cure of a kind of S. Anthonies fier comming of burning citrine choler mixed with melaÌ„choly sayth Necessaria est Phlebotomia vt vacuâ—tur sanguis cholericus Phlebotomy is necessary that the cholerick bloud may be auâ—yded Galen also alloweth letting of bloud not only in continuall agues comming of bloud inflamed but also in that burning feuer called Causo comming of choler putrifying in the vaynes as Massaria doth prooue out of the second booke de crisibus and out of his words vpoÌ„ the Aphorismes which are these In most burning agues letting of bloud euen vnto fainting doth straightway coole the whole habit of the body and extinguish the feuer and also in very many the belly is wont to be made soluble and sweates are accustomed to flow by which deede some are altogether deliuered from their ague And he doth confirme it also by the testimonie of the most auncient and excellent Phisition Philotheus who commenting vpon the same Aphorisme vseth these words In whome we may let bloud euen vnto fainting it is manifest that it is in them who are sick of burning feuers and yet not them all but those in whom the powers are strong But why dowe let bloud in them euen vnto fainting seeing that burning feuers are kindled by humours putrified The putrefaction conteyneth two things to wit the matter putrified and the badnes of the quality Bloud being let euen vnto fainting doth both diminish the quantity of the matter and moreouer extinguish the sharp and inflaming quality for by the fainting of the courage the body is cooled And finally he doth conuince the same by reason seeing that by bloud breaking out at the nostrils the sayd burning feuers are oftentimes healed Those Phisitions which are of opinion that in this burning feuer bloud must be let only a little for euentilation from foure to sixe ounces longè citra lipothymiam farre lesse then that which doth bring lipothymye or fainting of courage whose aduise is that which I haue mentioned in the second Chapter of my first booke I thinke they do counsayle it chiefely in respect of the weakenes of the powers which oftentimes doth accompany this feuer and then they dissent not much from Philotheus who doth not permit lipothymies in all but only in them whole vertues and powers are firme and strong Whether the humour be more thinne and cholerick as in cholerick agues and in phrenzies or whether it be more cold or thick as in apoplexies epilepsies and lethargies I haue shewed in my first booke that Phlebotomy may haue in them a profitable vse Galen when all other Phisitions withstood him did let a woman bloud pleÌ„tifully when the bloud came out in colour and thicknes like to liquide pitch or tarre In euery opening of a vaine an especiall consideration must be had what humour it is that doth most indanger the disease For in splenetick infirmities it is profitable to auoyd well the thick melanecholick bloud and to stay it if it be thinne because the thinne hath a good necessary vse the better to keepe the thicker from obstructions but still the chiefest respect must be had of the strength of the party If the bloud be not a thick black melancholick bloud causing some melancholick disease but otherways corrupted and greatly degenerating from the nature of bloud Phlebotomy also may take place but warily and sparingly and pervices by little and little diminishing the ill and restoring the good euer assuring our selues that the lesse store there is of bloud the more feeble is the strength and in no wise thinking that the triall of the bloud appearing ill vpon the thumbe may be a sufficient warrant to the Surgeon to coÌ„tinue the more boldly the bleeding of his patient Cold constitutions may not endure much diminishing of bloud and those lipothymies which Galen and Hippocrates do allow sometimes to coole in extreame heates are short faintings for a time and not vtter deiections and ouerthrowings of the strength and powers If the bloud be loth to come Fuchsius declareth chese helps first vnloose a little the band secondly let him clutch some thing hard in his hand drawne together thirdly let him force himselfe to them and cough and last of all bath the incision with warme water Some do accompt it the readiest way both to make the vayne to appeare well and to make the bloud issue well is to lap about the lower part of the arme from the place of incision downeward a boat linnen cloth three or foure times folded CHAP. 9. What order must be taken with them that are let bloud as well in the act it selfe to prouent sâ—ounings as also afterward for their gouernment and diet WHen the patient hath bled what is found to be sufficient if there be any danger of fainting then must his body be placed in such manner as is most â—it for a perfect case and rest so that no one limme or part may be put to any labour Montanus vpon the tenth Canon of Auctcoâ—â—a doth affirme that this shall be best perfourmed if the party be layd downe vpon a bed with the face vpward For all the sinews in the body the instruments of motion haue their beginning from the ioynts of the back-bone and therefore the sinews of him that lyeth vpon the back do rest and do suffer no violence Fuchsius is of the same iudgement Let the patient so lye with his face vpward that all the parts of the body may leane vpon the basis or ground-worke to wit the back-bone Fernelius biddeth that if the patient begin to faint away it will be a good course to sprinkle a little cold water into the face or to put vnto the nose a cloth or peece of bread moystened in wine and vineger or by tickling the iawes within the mouth to prouoke a vomit But he sayth Praestantissimum est aegrum prosternere The best thing is to lay the body downe all along meaning no doubt the same manner which is already described Though in this case of fainting the party must be layd downe yet must he not be suffered immediatly to sleepe The Salernitane schoole commendeth rest Omnibus apta quies est motus saepe nociuus yet doth it on the other side forbid sleeping for sixe houres after bloud-letting Sanguine subtracto sex herij est vigilandum The appointing of sixe houres watching is thought by many good Phisitions to be somewhat more then needeth Fuchsius requireth that within an houre or two after bloud-letting the party be refreshed with a little foode of good nourishment and within two houres after he sayth there is nothing doth hinder but that he may sleepe so that they which stand by do looke vnto it that he do not rowle himselfe vpon that arme in which the vaine was opened that the hands do not loosen from that place which was pearced Fernelius his opinion is that in one houre after bleeding
diasena Nicholai somewhat more then halfe an ounce or confectio Hamec maior about halfe an ounce or syrupus de pomis Rondeletâ— about an ounce and a halfe If mixt humours do afflict the body then either to mitigate them compound your aforesayd syrupes and decoctions taking one moity of one and an other of an other or otherwise proportionably mingle them as the humours do more or lesse abound or else to purge them do the like by the forenamed purging receipts or take of Diacatholicum somewhat more then halfe an ounce or hiera Ruffi the quantity of a chesnut dissolued in broth or in pills take pillulae aggregatiuae or pillulae de tribus of either one of them about a dramme At what times these and such other like purgings shall be accompted most fit and what seuerall circumstances are to be obserued therein as well at the very instant of the ministring thereof as also in the preparing of the body before and the guiding of it after These are poynts which I do handle at large in the Cathartice or second part of the great Phisick remedies mentioned in my Preface wherein as I haue already gathered most of the chiefest â—xiomes and aphorismes out of many famous Phisitions of all ages concerning these and such like questions appertayning to the purging of humours and in some sort also disposed them so do I purpose also godwilling to deliuer them hereafter to the view of the world as soone as leasure shall permit to transcribe and friends aduise to publish Soli vni trinoque deo sit tota tributa Laus cuius coeptum dextra secundet opus FINIS The Index The questions and matters concerning letting of bloud haue no neede of any Index seeing they are in the Preface to the Reader gathered into a briefe summe and the Chapters poynted out where euery particular is handled But for as much as many diseases and griefes are touched here by occasion and obiter in sundry seuerall places that one place may the better explane an other and sometimes also supply confirme and second one an other and moreouer that the Booke may be more readye for the vse of the reader I haue thought good to adde alphabetically the names of the infirmities and impediments for which in these two bookes are found many counsayles and remedies A. Agues diaries Pag. 13. 4. Agues continuall of bloud inflamed p. 6. 70. 108. Agues burning p. 11. 12. 113. Agues epialae p. 16. Agues quotidians p. 65. 17. 4. Agues tertians exquisite p. 16. 17. 21. 22. Agues tertians bastard p. 19. 22. Agues quartaines p. 18. 16. 21. 23. 4. 107. S. Anthonies fire p. 112. Apoplexies p. 44. Arteries wounded p. 103. lib. 2. cap. 9. B. Bladder insiaâ—ed Pag. 100. 101. Blâ—ck choler and melancholy hâ—w differ p. 20. 19. 1â—â— Bloud abounding how knowne p. 57. 58. Bloud ouergrosse and thick p. 64. 113. Bloud corrupt p. 107. 108. 110. 114. See humours corrupt and raw â—urning feuer p. 11. 12. 113. C. Cacochymia p. 59. See humours corrupt Cachexia p. 52. See habite bad Choler abounding how knowne pag. 58. lib. 2. cap. 10. Choler abounding how auoyded and purged booke 2. Chapt. 10. Choler auoyded by bloud-letting p. 22. 27. 112. 113. Children what to take in steed of letting bloud p. 73. 74. 75. 76. 78. Costiuenesse how holpen by clysters p. 69. 70. 71. Coâ—ick p. 45. Concoction wanting how knowne booke 2. chap. 5. Conuâ—lsions p. 43. Continuall hoate feuer p. 6. 70. 108. Crudities p. 111. See raw humours Crudities how knowne booke 2. chapt 5. D. Diary feuers Pag. 13. 4. Dropsey p. 45. 52. E. Eares payned p. 101. Epiala feuer p. 16. Epilepsies p. 44. Eyes payned p. 10. 1 F. Falling sicknesse p. 44. Feuers of sundry kinds See Agues Fleame abounding how knowne pag. 58. and booke 2. chapt 10. Fleame abounding how auoyded and purged p. 67. 69. and booke 2. chapt 10. Fulnesse or full habit of body p. 2. 57. 98. Fluxes of body p. 79. 80. G. Gall of ill constitution p. 63. Gout p. 47. 48. 49. H. Habite bad p. 52. Heart payned p. 100. 101. Heart fainting See swounings Head-ach p. 101. Head inflamed Pag. 42. 110. Hips payned p. 100. Humours corrupt and raw whether admit Phlebotomy p. 51. 52. 60. 65. 66. 67. 71. 107. 108. 110. 111. I. Iaundise p. 52. Inflammations and impostumes how cured booke 2. chapt 9. Intemperancy p. 60. and booke 2. chapt 9. Itches p. 51. K. Kidneys inflamed causing stone p. 39. 47. and booke 2. chapt 9. Kidneys inflamed p. 100. 101. L. Legs payned p. 28. Liuer hoate and stomack cold p. 50. Liuer inflamed p. 100. 101. Liuer inflamed in cano booke 2. chapt 9. Liuer inflamed in gibbo booke 2. chapt 9. Liuer full of bloud and choler causing pleurisie p. 42. 100. Loosenesse of body p. 79. 80. Lungs inflamed p. 35. 100. 101. and booke 2. chapt 9. M. Melancholy and black choler how differ p. 20. 19. Melancholy abounding how knowne p. 58. and booke 2. chap. 10. Melancholy abounding how purged and auoided p. 107. and booke 2. chap. 10. Melancholy windes p. 44. Mixt humours how purged booke 2. chapt 10. N. Nostrils bleeding sometimes ill p. 75. sometimes good p. 39. 40. 114. O. Old and lingering diseases p. 105. 107. Old age whether to be let bloud or no p. 72. 77. P. Palsies Pag. 43. Phrenzies p. 27. Plague or pestilence p. 23. 25. 26. Pleurisie vpon what seuerall causes it commeth p. 42. and booke 2. chapt 9. Pleurisie when and how let bloud in it p. 31. 35. 37. 72. 98. 99. 106. Pleurisie when not let bloud in it p. 38. 39. Pleurisie how outwardly holpen booke 2. chap. 9. Pulses distempered what signifie p. 9. 10. 11. 106. 7. Q. Quartaine feuers p. 16. 18. 21. 23. 4. 107. Quinsies p. 29. 98. Quotidian feuers p. 65. 17. 4. R. Raynes inflamed p. 100. 101. Raynes inflamed causing stone p. 39. 47. Raw humours whether admit letting-bloud p. 51. 52. 60. 65. 66. 67. 71. 107. 108. 110. 111. S. Scabs p. 51. Scuruy p. 53. Spleane obstruâ—ted p. 44. 53. 100. 101. Spleane inflamed p. 39. 40. booke 2. chap. 9. Splenetick bloud p. 23. 113. 114. Spitting bloud p. 34. 38. Spirits inflamed p. 7. 9. Stone in the raynes p. 39. 101. 100. Squinancies p. 29. 98. Stomack weake and loose Pag. 62. Stomack impure p. 64. 69. Strength fayling p. 109. Sweating sicknesse p. 26. Swounings p. 62. 63. 79. 109. 110. Suffocation p. 2. 35. T. Tertian feuer exquisite p. 16. 17. 21. 22. Tertian feuer bastard p. 19. 22. V. Vomits how to be made when the stomack is impure or molested with corrupt humours p. 64. 69. Vrines betokening crudities booke 2. chapt 5. Vrines deceiuing p. 45. W. Women hauing their flowers or with child whether fit for letting bloud p. 77. 79. Women with flowers suppressed p. 99. Wombe inflamed p. 37. 100. Y Yellow and thinne bloud p. 21. 114. Yellow iaundise p. 52. Faults escaped Page 2.
ibid. Gal. lib. 2. de composit medica neat seâ—â—â—duâ—◠〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galâ—bidem in initio Brigthus in therapeut Plethora ad vasa Plethora ad Vires Other signes of bloud abounding Signes of choler abounding Signes of fleame abounding Signes of melancholy abounding Leuinus I emnius in libris duobus de complexionibus Gal. method therap lib. 13. Fernel consil 46. Fuchsius instit sect 5. cap. 4. Gal. libr. de 〈◊〉 ratione per venae sectionem Fuchs Instit. libr. 2. sect 5. cap. 4. Galen ad Glauconem â—herapeutic lib. 1. cap. 13. Hippocr 2. Aph. 50. Montanus medicinae vntuersalis part 3. Gal. therap meth lib. 9. Galen lib. 12. method theâ—apeutices Montan. in Canonem 17. Auicenae Montan. medicinae vâ—tuersalis part 3. â—uch 〈◊〉 lib. 2. sect 5. Fernel lib. 2. metâ—â—d medendâ— cap. 14. Trincauel in explaratione lib. 1. Gaâ—caâ— ad Glaâ—â—â—â—em de arte cuâ—atiua cap. 12. Galen de sanit tuâ—nda lib. 1. Galen lib. 4. desanâ—tate tuenda Mont. medâ—cin â—â—â—uers part 3. Gal. libr. 4. â—eâ—anitate tuenda Auiâ—m Caâ— 8. Gal. lib. 9. 〈◊〉 medâ—â—â—â—◠〈…〉 77. Montanus in canonem 8. Galen lib. 5. method medendi cap. 14â— Fernelius methodo geneâ—alâ— de â—â—randis schribus Alex. Massartaâ—â—d sputationibus duabus pag. 202. Mercurialis de morâ—â—s pueroâ—u lib 1. cap. 2. pag. 50. â—tercur ibid. Mercur. ibid. pag. 49. Massaria lib. descop mâ—ttendisangâ—â—nem pag. 76. Dionysius Fontanonus de morborum internorum curatione lib. 4. cap. 2. Heurnius method ad pâ—aâ—i 〈◊〉 1. pag. 6. Trincauel 〈◊〉 77. Galen de sanitâ—te tue â—da lib. 5. in fine Trincauel in rudâ—mento câ—â—tra Brissoâ—um Galen lib. 5. de tuenda sanitate Fernel lib. 2. methodi medendi cap. 11. Platerus de â—ebribus pag. 105. Fernelius methodi medendi libr. 2. cap. 11. Montanus medicinae â—â—â—uersalis part 3. Galen theraâ— method lib. 12. Galen method therap libr. 9. Galen libr. de â—atione curandi per Phlebotomiam Gal. method medendi lib. 11. 14. Hâ—ppocr 1. de 〈◊〉 victu◠〈◊〉 b. 45. Alex. Massaria descopiâ— mittâ—ndi sang pag. 55. Auer 〈◊〉 7. Col. c. 3. 〈◊〉 metho◠〈…〉 2 cap. 11. Massaria pag. 56. 〈…〉 lib. 2. 〈◊〉 1. lib. 2. ap 2. Cases libr. de esâ—e cap. 4. tuicenna 4. doct 5. ap 21. Mercurial de 〈…〉 2. Cap. 2. Galen lib. 12. method medendi cap. 1. Montâ—â— mediciâ—ae vniuersal part 3. Hippocr 4. aph 1. Montanus in Canon 7. Auâ—ceanae Hippocr 5. Aph. 30. Montan. medicinae vniuersal part 3. Fernelius method medinâ—â— lib. 2. cap. 12. Cornel. Câ—ls lib. 2. cap. 10. Aleâ— Massaria pag. 105. Montanus mediâ—â—nae vniuersalis part 3 Platerus de febribus pag. 113. Vt diuidit Montanus Canores med 〈◊〉 part 3. 〈◊〉 lib. 2. 〈…〉 cap. 11. Alex. Massaâ—ria lib. dâ— capâ—s 〈◊〉 sangu Montan. medicinâ—â— vâ—tue la 〈◊〉 part 3. Hippocr 2. Aph. 29. Montanus 〈…〉 Montanus in canonem Auicennae 12. Gal. method therap lib. 3. Hippocr 1. Aph. 24. Hippoc. 1. Aph. 22. Trincauel epist 22. ad Aloisiam Criuellum Massaria Gal. in fine lib. 3. comâ—ret in 6. de morbiâ— vulg 〈…〉 3. 〈◊〉 44. 〈…〉 22. 〈◊〉 libr. 2. 〈…〉 cap. 13. 〈…〉 2. He meaneth of câ—ud tates morboâ—ae which remain so long vntill the disease be ouercome Montanus 〈◊〉 Canon 11. Auâ—â—ennae Trincau in explanatione lib. 1. ad Glau. cap. 12. Galen libr. 4. desanitate 〈…〉 Weckerus 〈◊〉 dotar â—pecial â—ag 416. Galen lib. 4. desanitate â—uenda 1. Epid. sect 2. com 44. 4â— 2. De rat vâ—ct morb acut 44. Hippocr 2. Aph 23. acuti morbi diebuâ— 14. 〈◊〉 Galen desanitate 〈◊〉 lib. 2. Galen desani◠〈…〉 4. 〈…〉 Gal. ibâ—dem paâ—lo 〈◊〉 Sic Hippocâ— libr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Inequalâ—ie and distemperature of the pulles are signes of morbâ—sâ—e crudâ—ates Fernel metâ—od lib. â— method medendâ— cap. 13. cap. 14. Galen libr. de ratione per venae sectonem Galen method 〈◊〉 lib 9. cap. 10. 〈…〉 5. ca. 7. Galen method medendi lib. 9. cap. 10. Gal. lib. de curatione 〈…〉 sectionem cap. 6. Hippocr 2. Aph. 29. Galen method 〈◊〉 lib. 7. cap. vitimo Galen de â—aratione per venae sectionem cap. 11. Other signes of strength sayling by the pulses are shewed after Chapt. 8. Hippocrat 6. 〈◊〉 47. Gal. ad Glauconem therap lib. 1. Montanus in 〈…〉 Math. 4 2â— Maâ—h 17. 15. Sermus lib. 1. de medicâ—na Mercâ—r lib. 2. de morbis puerorum cap. 3. Iob. 38. 31. Gen. 1. 14. 〈◊〉 41. 23. Pâ—ucerus 〈◊〉 lib. 12. 〈…〉 〈…〉 Verâ—el lib. 〈…〉 cap. 11. Gal. de venae 〈◊〉 ca. 14. 〈…〉 2. sect 5. 〈◊〉 us meâ— medena◠〈◊〉 2. cap. 13. Montanus in 〈◊〉 de 〈…〉 de stuâ—â—oâ—orum santtate 〈◊〉 lib. 1. cap. 22. Trineauel de ratione curandi part corp ass lib. 6. cap. 4 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 9. 〈…〉 Platerus de sâ—bus pag. 114. Hippocr 〈…〉 2. 33. 〈◊〉 lib. 2. 〈…〉 cap. 15. He meaneth it can very hardly be hea led see the beginning of the 〈◊〉 Chapter Fuchsius Inâ—â—itut lib. 2 sect 5. Fernel lib. 2. methodi medendi cap. 15 Montanus â—edicinae vniâ—ersalâ—â— part 3 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Instiâ—â—â— 2. sect 5. Hâ—ppocâ— lib. 2. 〈…〉 10. 〈◊〉 Iustit lib. 2. sect 5. 〈◊〉 lib. 2. metâ—â—d medâ—ndt 〈…〉 sanitate 〈◊〉 lib. 1. cap. 22. Mont. medicin 〈◊〉 part 3. Galen lib. 1. ad Glant cap. 11. Feruel libr. 2. method medend cap. 17. Gal. method 〈◊〉 lib. 9. Ibid. lib. 9. 〈…〉 M. Hippocrat 〈◊〉 23. 〈…〉 lib. 9. 〈◊〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 239. Gala. ad 〈◊〉 cap. 14. Gal. method medendi lib. 12. cap. â— Galen method medendt lib. 9. Gal. de ratione curandi per venae sectionem cap. 6. Gal. ibid. cap. 12. In the fift Chapter of this second booke Galen lib. 4. de sanitate tuenda cap. 4. 1. de aliment facul cap. 2. Massaria pag. 77. Galen 〈◊〉 6. Aph 47. Commeâ—t 〈◊〉 2. 〈◊〉 8. libâ—â— de sanitate tuenda cap. 4. Gal. method medend lib. 9. cap. 11. Auicen 〈◊〉 1. fen 4. cap. 1â— Gal. 〈…〉 per venae seâ—â—â—nem cap. 9. Gal. ibid. cap. 13. Auicen lib. 4. fâ—n 3. tr 1. cap. 9. 10. Massaria pag. 82. Gal. com in 1. aph 23. Philotheus in Comment in 1. Aph. 23. Vide Brigthi therapeuticam in tractatu de causone Vide bic suprâ— pag. 11. 〈…〉 29. 〈…〉 Hipp. 1. â—pâ— 23. Mont. medici vniuers part Fuchsius Institut liâ— sect 5. caâ— ernelius meâ—od medendi br 2. cap. 16. uchsius instit b. 2. sect 5. â—ap 12. ernel methoi medendi b. 2. cap. 16. â—uchs Instit. â—b 2. sect 5. â—â—p 12. Montanâ—â—â— in Can. 17. Auicennae medicinae vniuersalis part 3. Gal. lib. 4. de sauitate tuenda cap. vlt. â—uchs Instit. â—br 2. sect 5. â—ap 12. Mâ—thodus generalis curandi in flammationes 〈◊〉 apostemata 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dolorent sedantia 2. per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 suppuâ—antia 3. per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 euelleâ—tia extraâ—entia â— per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 antem terentia Gal. libr. de constitutione artis medicae Fuchs Trall capitibus de pleuritide Trine in explanatione lib. 2. Galeni de differentijs febr lect 44. Trine de ratione curandi part corp aff lib. 6. cap. 3. Gal. 4. de pulsibus cap. 8. 12. â— per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 conglutinantia cicatricem inducentia Galen method medendi lib. 5. Fernel method meden dâ— lib. 2. cap. 16. Gal. therap meth lib. 5. â—uchs Instit. lib. 2 sect 5. cap. 9. Fernel lib. 2. method medeudi cap. 15. Ibid. cap. 17. Fuchs instit lib. 2. sect 5. cap. 11. Fernelius methodi medendi lib. 2. cap. 3. Gal. lib. 2. de crisibuâ— cap. 12. Fernel lib. 2. method medend◠〈◊〉 17. Fernelius ibidem Gal. in comment 2. Aph. 8. How to auoyd Choler How to anoyd fleame How to auoyd melancholy How to auoyd mixt humours