Humanam AMBROSII vere haec pictura PARAEI Effigiem sed Opus continet Ambrosiam THE WORKES of that famous Chirurgion Ambrose Parey Translated out of Latine and compared with the French by Tho Johnson Whereunto are added three Tractates out of Adrianus Spigelius of the Veines Arteries Nerves with large Figures Also a Table of the Bookes and Chapters London Printed by E C and are to be sold by John Clarke at Mercers Chappell in Cheapeside neare the great Conduit 1665 To the Right Honourable EDWARD Lord Herbert of Cherbury and Castle Island and one of his Majesties most Honourable Counsel of War My Lord IT is not the far fetcht pedegree of noble Ancestors nor those Honours your Lordship deservedly possesses that make me crave your Patronage to this my Labour but it is that Heroick mind enriched with the choice endowments of Nature and Art and that earnest affection wherewith your Honour entertains all Sciences Arts and Artists with that exquisite Judgment which sees into the inner man which embolden and incite me to sue for your Honours assistance in protecting the fame of him who by your many favours is made yours I know the seeming and self-pleasing Wisdom of our times consists much in cavilling and unjustly carping at all things that see light and that there are many who earnestly hunt after the publick fame of Learning and Judgement by this easily trod and despicable path which notwithstanding they tread with as much confidence as folly for that oft-times which they vainly and unjustly brand with opprobry outlives their Fate and flourishes when it is forgot that every any such as they had being I know your Lordships disposition to be far dissenting from these men and that you rather endeavour to build up the fame of your Learning and Judgment upon a strong laid foundation of your own than Herostratus like by pulling down any howsoever fair built fabrick of another I heartily wish that your Honour could propagate this good and that all Detractors might be turned into Actors and then I know it would much mitigate their rigour in censuring others when as they themselves were also exposed unto the same Hazard I think it impertinent to acquaint your Honour with the nature of the Work my pains in translating or the Benefit that may ensue thereon for that I know your Honour ignorant of nothing in this kind neither doubt I of your favourable acceptance of the good will of him that thinks himself much honoured by being Yours Thomas Johnson To the Reader I Have here for the publike good taken pains to subject my self to common censure the which I doubt not but to finde as various as the faces of the Censurers but I expect no thanks nor hunt after other praise than that I have laboured for my Countries good if that deserve any I fear not Calumniation though sure to hear of it and therefore I will not Apologize but inform thee of some things concerning the Author his work and the reason that induced me to the translation thereof with some few things besides For the Author who was principal Surgeon to two or three Kings of France he was a man well versed in the writings of the Antient and modern Physitians and Surgeons as you may evidently find by sundry places alledged in his works For his experience or practice the chief help to attain the highest perfection in this Art it was wonderful great as you may collect by his voyages recorded in the last part of his work as also by that which James Guilleman Surgeon to the French King a man both learned and judicious in his profession avers speaking of his own education and progresse in the Art of Surgery I so laid In his Epistle Prefixed before the Latin edition of this Author said he the first foundation of this Art in the Hospital of Paris being as it were an ample Theater of wounds and diseases of all kindes that for two whole years during which time I was there conversant nothing was consulted of nothing performed the Physitians and Surgeons being present whereof I was not an Auditor or Actor There flourished at these times and yet doth Ambrose Parey principal Surgeon to the most Christian King the Author of this great work most renowned for the most gracious favour of Kings Princes and Nobles towards him for his Authority amongst his equals for his Chirurgical operations amongst all men Therefore I earnestly endeavoured to be received into his family as unto another Machaon or Podalirius once admitted I so by all dutifulness and due respect acquired his favour that he unless I were present and assisting did nothing such is his natural gentleness and curtesie to all such as are studious of the Art at home or abroad in the field in the tents or lastly in this famous City of Paris about the bodies of Dukes Noblemen or Citizens in whose cure he by the ardent desire of them all had still the prime place Now for this work hear what this same man in the same place affirmeth further I not content with these means which may seem sufficient and too much as desirous to satisfie my long thirst determined to try whether I could draw or borrow any thing from strangers which our men wanted to the fuller knowledge of Surgery To this purpose I travailed over Germany and then for four years space I followed the Spanish Army in the Low-countries whereas I did not only carefully cure the wounded Souldiers but also heedfully and curiously observed what way of curing the renowned Italian Germane and Spanish Surgeons observed who together with me were imployed in the Hospital for the healing of the wounded and sick I observed them all to take no other course than that which is here delivered by Parey Such as did not understand French got some pieces of this work for large rewards turned into Latin or such languages as they understood which they kept charily and made great store of and they esteemed and admired and embraced this work alone above all other works of Surgery c. Our author also himself not out of a vain-glorious ostentation but a mind conscious of the truth of his assertion affirms thus much of this work I have saith he so certainly toucht the mark whereat I aimed that Antiquity may seem to have nothing wherein it may exceed us besides the glory of invention nor Posterity any thing left but a certain small hope to add some things as it is easie to add to former inventions Thus much concerning our Author and the excellency of his Work Now come I to the Translation the which as desiring more a publike good than private praise I have performed plainly and honestly labouring to fit it to the capacity of the meanest Artist for these are they to whom I chiefly commâ—nd this work and from whom I expect acceptation I being by the earnest perswasions of some of this profession chiefly and almost wholly perswaded and
little master Du Bâ—rtas Book 6. c. 4. book 2. c. 4. book 3. c. 9. sect 7. seeing that you reproach me that I have not written all the operations of Surgery in my works which the antients write of I should be very sorry for it for then indeed might you justly call me Carnifex I have left them because they are too cruel and am wiling to follow the moderns who have moderated such cruelty which notwithstanding you have followed step by step as appeareth by the operations here written extracted from your book which you have drawn here and there from certain antient Authors such as follow and such as you have never practised nor seen The first operation TO inveterate fluxions of the eyes and Megtimes In the second book of the chap. of Hypospatism book 14 ch lâ—st of the Meth. In the 4 ch of the 16 book of my work Book 6. c. 7. Book 2. c. 3. Paulus Aeginata as also Albucasis command to make Arteriotomy see here the words of the same Aeginete You mark the Arteries which are behinde the ears then divide them in cutting to the very bone and make a great incision the bredth of two fingers even till the artery be found as you command to be done in your book but I holding the opinion of Galen who commands to dress the disease quickly safely and with the least pain that is possible I teach the young Surgeon the means to remedy such evils in opening the Arteries behinde the ears and those of the temples with one only incision as a letting blood and not to make a great incision and cut out work for a long time The second TO fluxions which are made a long time upon the eyes In the 2 book chap. of Periscythism Paul Aeginete and Albucasis command to make incision which they call Periscythismos or Augiology of the Greeks and see here the words of Paul In this operation first the head is shaved then taking heed of touching the temporal muscles a transverse incision must be made beginning at the lest temple and finishing at the right which you have put in your book word for word without changing any thing which sheweth openly you are a right wound-maker as may be seen in the Chapter which you call the Crown cut In the 26. ch of the 9. book of my works which is made half round under the Coronal future from one temple to another even to the bone Now I do not teaâ—h such a cruel kinde of remedy but instruct the operator by reason authority and notable proof of a sure and certain way to remedy such affections without butchering men in this kinde The third operation IN the cure of Empyema Paul Aeginete The third Book 6. ch 4â— book â— ch 3. Book 3. ch 22 Albucasis and Celsus commanded to apply some thirteen others fifteen Cauteries to give issue to the matter contained in the brest as the said Celsus in the afore-said place appointeth for Asthmatick people which is a thing out of all reason with respect to their honor be it spoken that since the Surgeons scope is to give issue to the matter therein contained there is no other question then to make a pertion to evacuate the matter in the most inferiour part I have shewed the young Surgeon the means to do it safely without tormenting the patients for nothing The fourth operation Guido of Caulâ—ac the 2 treatise doct 1. c. 1. Book 7. c. 10. book 6. c. 46 book 2. c. 47. In the first book chap. 29. and 30. a. â—oin b 2. c. 32 b. 6. c. 47. and 48 In the 5. book chap. 1. Dâ— inte nâ—s mâ—â—bi boâ—k 1 caâ— â—3 book 3. sect 2 ch â— 89 bo k 6 â—p 50 〈…〉 3. book 12. ch 6.7 IN Paps that are too great Paul Aeginet and Albucasis commands to make a cross-incision to take out all the fat and then joyn together the wound by stitch in brief it is to flea a man alive which I have never practised nor counsel it to be done by the young Surgeon The fifth operation ALbucasis and Paul Aeginet will cauteâ—ize the Liver and the Splene with hot irons which the moderns have never practised â—o indeed reason is manifestly repugnant thereunto The sixth operation IN the Paracentesis which is made in the thiâ—d kinde of Dâ—opsie called Ascites Celius Aurelianus commandeth diverse apertions to be made in the belly Albucasis applies nine actual Cauteries that is to say four about the Navel one upon the stomach and one upon the Splene one upon the Liver two behinde the spondyls one of them near the brest the last near the stomach Aetius is likewise of the same opinion to open the belly with diverse cauteries Paul Aeginet commandâ— to apply five actual Câ—uteâ—ies â—o make the said Paracentâ—â—is But abhoâ—â—ing suâ—h a kinde of burning of which you speak much in your third book I shew another kinde of pâ—actice the which is done by making a simple incision in the said belly as may be seen in my wâ—rks with happy success I do not teach young man in my works the manner of burning which the Antients have called infibulare that is not in practice though Celâ—â—s writeth of it The seventh operation In the 7 book c 25. book 6. c. 76. book 2. c. 72. upon the sentence 49. of the 1. â—â—ction of the book of Arts. IN the Sciatick proceeding from an internal cause and because the visâ—ous humors displace the bones Paul commands to burn or cauterize the said joynt to the bone Diascâ—riaes commands the same Which I do not finde expedient taking indication from the â—bjâ—â—eâ—t parts for therâ— where one would burn t is in the place of four twin-muscles under which passeth the great Neâ—ve descending from the Holy-bone which being burnt I leave it to your censure what might happen as Galen remarketh speaking of the ustion which must be made in the shoulders called humerus The eighth operation Sentence â—he 22. and 23 of the 3. sâ—ctiâ—n of the â—ooâ— of the joynts c. 16. of the 15. book IN the outward laxation of the Spondyls Hippocrates commands to binde the man right upon a Lâ—dder the Arms and Legs tied and bound then afterwards having raised the Ladder to the top of a tower or the ridge of an house with a great â—ope in a pully then to let the patient fall plumb down upon the hard pavement which Hippocrates saies was done in his time But I do not shew of any such way of giving the strapado to men but I shew the Surgeon in my works the way to reduce them surely and without great pain Moreover I should be sorry to follow the saying of the said Hippocrates in the third book De morbis who commands in the disease called Volvulus to cause the belly to be blown with a pair of bellows putting the nosel of them into the inteâ—tinum rectum and then blow there till the belly be
incited to take this pains who knowing the disability of understanding this Author in Latin or French in many of the weaker members of the large body of their profession dispersed over this Kingdome and the rest of his Majesties Dominions whose good and encrease in knowledge may be wisht that so they may be the better enabled to do good to such as shall implore their aid in their profession There are some I know will blame me for Englishing this work as laying open the mysteries of a worthy Art to the unworthy view of the vulgar To such I could answer as Vide Aul. Gel. l. 2. c. 4. Aristotle did to Alexander but for the present I will give them these reasons which I think may satisfie any but the purposely malicious the first is drawn from the goodness of the thing as intended for those that want such guides to direct them in their Art for it is commonly granted that Bonum quo communius eo melius Secondly it hath been the custom of most Writers in all ages and Countries thus to do Hippocrates Galen and the other Greeks writ in their mother tongue the mysteries of their Art thus did Celsus Serenus and others in Latin Mesue Avicen Serapio and others in Arabick as also to go no further our author writ this work in his native French and learned men have done the like in this and all other Arts. And it is a great hinderance to us in these dayes that we must be forced to learn to understand two or three tongues before we can learn any science whereas the Ancients learned and taught theirs in their mother tongue so that they spent a great deal less time about words and more upon the study of that Art or Science they intended to learn and follow Thirdly I must tell you that Ex libris nemo evasit Artifex No man becomes a workman by books so that unless they have had some insight in the Art and be in some sort acquainted both with the terms of Art as also with the knowledge and use of the instruments thereto belonging if by reading this or any other Book of the like nature they become Surgeons I must needs liken them as Galen doth another sort of men Gal. de simp l. 6. to Pilots by book only to whose care I think none of us would commit his safety at Sea nor any if wise will commit themselves to these at land or Sea either unless wholly destitute of other The other things whereof I must give you notice are these The figures in the Anatomy are not the same used by my Author whose were according to those of Vesalius but according to those of Bauhine which were used in the work of Dr. Crook and these indeed are the better and more compleat Also pag. 519. I thought it better to give the true figure of the Helmet floured Aconite mentioned out of Pliny than to reserve the feigned picture of Matthiolus which in our Author was encreased with the further fiction of a Helmet I have in some few places in the margent which you shall find marked with a star put short annotations for the better illustration of that which is obscure c. I have also in the Text to the same purpose here and there put two or three words contained in these limits which I find here and there turned into a plain Parenthesis especially toward the latter end of the book but the matter is not great Further I must acquaint you that the Apology and Voyages being the last part of this work and not in the Latin but French editions were translated into English out of French by George Baker a Surgeon of this City since that time as I hear dead beyond the Seas This is all Courteous Reader that I have thought necessary to acquaint thee withall concerning this which I would desire thee to take with the same mind that it is presented to thee by him that wisheth thee all happiness Thomas Johnson THE AUTHORS EPISTLE DEDICATORIE To HENRY the third the most Christian King of France and Poland EVen as most Christian King we see the members of mans body by a friendly consent are alwayes busied and stand ready to perform those functions for which they are appointed by nature for the preservation of the whole of which they are parts so it is convenient that we which are as it were Citizens of this earthly Common-wealth should be diligent in the following of that calling which by Gods appointment we have once taken upon us and content with our present estate not carried away with rashness and envy desire different and divers things whereof we have no knowledg He which doth otherwise perverts and defiles with hated confusion the order and beauty on which this Universe consists Wherefore when I considered with my self that I was a member of this great mundane body and that not altogether unprofitable I endeavoured earnestly that all men should be acquainted with my duty and that it might be known how much I could profit every man For God is my witness and all good men know that I have now laboured fifty years with all care and pains in the illustration and amplification of Chirurgery and that I have so certainly touched the mark whereat I aimed that Antiquity may seem to have nothing wherein it may exceed us beside the glory of invention nor posterity any thing left but a certain small hope to add some things as it is easie to add to former inventions In performance whereof I have been so prodigal of my self my watchings faculties and means that I spared neither time labour nor cost whereby I might satisfie and accomplish my own desires this my great work and the desires of the studious Neither may we doubt but their studies would at length wax cold if they only furnished with the Theorick and precepts in Schools and that with much labour should see no manual operation nor manifest way of performing the Art For which cause I seeking the praise and profit of the French Nation even with the hinderance of my particular estate have endeavoured to illustrate and increase Chirurgery hitherto obscure either by the infelicity of the former ages or the envy of the Professors and not only with precepts and rules but being a lover of carved works I beautified it with 300. forms or graven figures and apt delineations in which whosoever shall attentively look shall finde five hundred anatomical or organical figures belonging to the Art if they be reckoned particularly To every of these I have given their names and shewed their use lest they should seem to have been put in vainly for ostentation or delight But although there be few men of this profession which can bring so much authority to their writings either with reason or experience as I can notwithstanding I have not been so arrogant but intending to publish my work I first communicated it with men the most excellent in the Art of
an Art For so we find it recorded in ancient Histories before the invention of Physick that the Babylonians and Assyrians had a custom amongst them to lay their sick and diseased persons in the porches and entries of their Houses or to carry them into the streets or market places that such as passed by and saw them might give them counsel to take those things to cure their diseases which they had formerly found profitable in themselves or any other in the like affects neither might any pass by a sick man in silence Also Strabo writes that it was a custom in Greece that those which were sick should resort to Aesculapius his Temple in Epidaurum that there as they slept by their dreams they might be admonished by the God what means they should use to be cured and when they were freed from their diseases they writ the manner of their infirmities and the means by which they were cured in Tables and fastned them to the pillars of the Temple not only for the glory of the God but also for the profit of such as should afterwards be affected with the like Maladies All which tables as fame reports Hippocrates transcribed and so from those drew the Art of Physick Beasts also have added much to his Art For one Man was not only instructed by another but learned also much from brute beasts for they by the only instinct of nature have found out divers herbs and remedies by which they freed and preserved themselves from infirmities which might presently be transferred to mans use Wherefor considering that such and so many have concurred to bring this Art to perfection who hereafter dare call in question the excellency thereof chiefly if he respected the subject thereof Mans body a thing more noble than all other Mundane things and for which the rest were created Which thing moved Herophilus in times past to call Physitians The hands of the Gods For as we by putting forth our hand do help any man out of the water or mud into which he is fallen even so we do sustain those that are thrown down from the top of health to the gates of death by violence of diseases with happy medicines and as it were by some special and divine gift delivâ—r them out of the jaws of death Homer the Prince of Greek Poets affirms that one Physitian is far more worthy then many other men All Antiquity gave Physitians such honour that they worshipped them with great veneration as Gods or the sons of their Gods For who is it which is not much delighted with the divine force of healthful medicines with which we see by daily experience Physitians as armed with Mercuries rod do bring back those languishing souls which are even entring the gates of Death Hence it cometh to pass that the divine Poets of ancient times as Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod and the most renowned Philosophers Pythagoras Plato Aristotle Theophrastus Chrysippus Cato Censorius and Varro esteemed nothing more excellent than to excell in the knowledg of Medicines and to testifie the same by written monuments to Posterity For what can be more noble and worthy of a generous disposition than to attain to that by the benefit of Physick that adorned with the ornaments of dignity thou mayest have power over other men and favoured of Princes Kings and Emperors mayest appoint and prescribe to them those things which are profitable to preserve health and cure their diseases But if thou look for benefit by Sciences then known that the professors hereof have beside sufficient gain acquired much honour and many friends Hippocrates coming to Abdera to cure Democritus of his madness not only the men of the City but also the Women Children In what esteem Physitians have formerly been and people of every age sex and rank went forth to meet him giving him with a common consent and loud voice the title of a Tutelary Deity and father of their Countrey But the Athenians for freeing their Countrey from the Plague with triumphant pompe celebrated playes to his honour and bountifully set upon his head as if he had been a King a Crown of Gold weighing a 1000. pieces of their Golden coin and erected his statute for a perpetual monument of his piety and learning Erasistratus the Nephew of Aristotle by his daughter received freely given him by Ptolomy King of Egypt for the cure of his son 100. Talents of gold The Emperor Augustus honoured Antonius Musa with a golden statue Quintus Stertinius yearly received out of the Emperors Treasury 12500. pieces of gold In the time of our Grandfathers Petrus Aponensis called Conciliator was so famous through all Italy for his knowledg in Physick that he could scarce be intreated to come to any man of fashion that was sick unless he gave him 50. crowns for every day he was absent from home but when he went to cure Heronius the Bishop of Rome he received 400. crowns for every day he was absent Our French Chronicles relate in what credit and estimation James Cotterius the Physitian was with Lewis the 11. King of France for they report he gave him monthly out of his Treasury 10000. crowns Physick in times past hath been in such esteem with many famous and noble personages that divers Kings and Princes delighted with the study thereof and desirous to attain glory and credit thereby called sundry herbs after their own names For so Gentian took its name of Gentius King of Illyria the herb Lysimachia of Lusimachus Names given to Plants the King of Macedon the Mithridatick herb or Scordium of Mithridates the King of Pontus and Bithinay Achilla of Achilles Centory of Chiron the Centaure Artemisia of Artemisia the Queen of Carias Attalus King of Pergamus Solomon of Judea Evax of Arabia and Juba the King of Mauritania were not only inflamed with a desire of the knowledg of Plants but either they have written books of it or for the great commodity of posterity invented by their skil many choice antidotes compounded of divers simples neither the desire of learning this noble science is yet altogether extinct as may appear by that Indian plant Tabacco called by some the noble herb Catherines herb and Medices herb but commonly the Queens herb because Catherine Medices the Mother of our Kings by her singular study and industry made manifest the excellent vertue it hath in curing malign ulcers and wounds which before was unknown to the French For these worthy men understood that their glory thus fastened and ingraffed into the deep and as it were ever living roots of plants would never decay but should be propagated to all posterity in many succeeding ages growing up with their sprouting and budding shouts stalks flowers and fruits Neither did these famous men whilst they adorned this part of Physick suffer the other which treats of the dissection of mans body be buried in oblivion and without their knowledg as instructed with the precepts and learning of the wisest men
sorts of weapons the eleventh book The Preface The first discourse wherein wounds made by Gunshot are freed from being burnt or cauterized according to Vigoes method Pag. 309 Another discourse of these things which King Charles the ninth returning from the Expedition and taking of Roven inquired of me concerning wounds made by Gunshot Pag. 311 Chap. I. A division of wounds drawn from the variety of the wounded parts and the bullets which wound Pag. 294 Chap. II. Of the signs of wounds made by gunshot Pag. 295 Chap. III. How these wounds must be ordered at the first dressing ib. Chap. IV. A description of fit instruments to draw forth bullets and other strange bodies Pag. 296 Chap. V. What dressing must first be used after the strange bodies are pluckt or drawn out of the wound Pag. 298 Chap. VI. How you shall order it at the second dressing Pag. 299 Chap. VII By what means strange bodies left in at the first dressing may be drawn forth Pag. 300 Chap. VIII Of indications to be observed in this kinde of wounds ib. Chap. IX What remains for the Chirurgeon to do in this kind of wounds Pag. 302 Chap. X. Of bullets which remain in the body for a long time after the wound is healed up ib. Chap. XI How to correct the constitutions of the air so that the noble parts may be strengthened and the whole body beside Pag. 303 Chap. XII Certain memorable histories ib. Chap. XIII An apology concerning wounds made by gunshot Pag. 305 Chap. XIV Another apology against those who have laboured with new reasons to prove that wounds made by gunshot are poysoned Pag. 307 Chap. XV. How wounds made by arrows differ from those made by gunshot Pag. 306 Chap. XVI Of the diversity of arrows and darts Pag. 309 Chap. XVII Of the difference of the wounded parts ibid. Chap. XVIII Of drawing forth arrows ib. Chap. XIX How arrows broken in a wound may be drawn forth Pag. 310 Chap. XX What to be done when an arrow is left fastened or sticking in a bone Pag. 311 Chap. XXI Of poysonous wounds ib. Of Contusions and Gangrenes the twelfth Book Chap. I Of a contusion ib. Chap. II. Of the general cure of great and enormous contusions Pag. 312 Chap. III How we must handle contusions when they are joined with a wound Pag. 313 Chap. IV. Of those contusions which are without a wound ib. Chap. V. By what means the contused part may be freed from the fear and imminent danger of a gangrene ib. Chap. VI. Of that strange kinde of symptome which happens upon contusions of the ribs Pag. 314 Chap. VII A discourse of Mummia or mummy ib. Chap. VIII Of combustions and their differences Pag. 315 Chap. IX Of hot and attractive medicines to be applyed to burns Pag. 316 Chap. X. Of a gangrene and mortification Pag. 317 Chap. XI Of the general particular causes of a gangrene Pag. 318 Chap. XII Of the antecedent causes of a gangrene ib. Chap. XIII Of the signs of a gangrene Pag. 319 Chap. XIV Of the prognosticks in gangrenes ib. Chap. XV. Of the general cure of a gangrene Pag. 320 Chap. XVI Of the particular cure of a gangrene ib. Chap. XVII The signs of a perfect necrosis or mortification Pag. 321 Chap. XVIII Where amputation must be made ib. Chap. XIX How the section or amputation must be performed Pag. 322 Chap. XX. How to stanch the bleeding when the member is taken off Pag. 323 Chap. XXI How after the blood is stanched you must dresse the wounded member ibid. Chap. XXII How you must stop the bleeding if any of the bound up vessels chance to get loosâ— ibid. Chap. XXIII How to perform the residue of the cure of the amputated member Pag. 324 Chap. XXIV What just occasion moved the Author to devise this new form of remedy to stanch the blood after the amputation of a member and to forsake the common way used almost by all Chirurgeons which is by application of actual cauteries Pag. 325 Chap. XXV The practice of the former precepts is declared together with a memorable history of a certain souldier whose arm was taken off at the elbow ib. Of ulcers fistulas and haenroids the thirteenth book Chap. I. Of the nature causes and differences of ulcers Pag. 327 Chap. II. Of the signs of ulcers Pag. 328 Chap. III. Of the Prognosticks of ulcers Pag. 329 Chap. IV. Of the general cure of ulcers Pag. 330 Chap. V. Of a distempered ulcer ib. Chap. VI. Of an ulcer of pain Pag. 331 Chap. VII Of ulcers with overgrowing or proudness of flesh ib. Chap. VIII Of an ulcer putrid and breeding worms Pag. 332 Chap. IX Of a sordid ulcer ib. Chap. X. Of a a virulent and malign ulcer which is termed Cacoethes and of a Chironian ulcer Pag. 333 Chap. XI An advertisement to the young Chirurgeon touching the distance of times wherein malign ulcers are to be dressed ib. Chap. XII How to binde up ulcers Pag. 334 Chap. XIII Of th câ—re of particular â—lcers and first of those of the eyes ib. Chap. XIV Of the Ozâ—â—a and ulcers of the nose Pag. 335 Chap. XV. Of the ulâ—â—â—s 〈◊〉 the mouth ib. Chap. XVI Of the uâ—cers oâ— the ears Pag. 336 Chap. XVII Of the ulcers of the windpipe weazon stomach and â—uâ—s Pag. 337 Chap. XVIII Of the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder ib. Chap. XIX Of the ulcers of the womb Pag. 338 Chap. XX. Of the varices and their cure by cutting ib Chap. XXI Of fistulas ib. Chap. XXII Of the cure of fistulas Pag. 4 0 Chap. XXIII Of the fistulas in the fundament Pag. 341 Chap. XXIV Of haemorroides Pag. 342 Of Bandages or Ligatures the fourteenth Book Chap. I. Of the differences of bandages Pag. 343 Chap. II. Sheweth the inâ—â—â—aions and general precepts of fitting of bandages and ligatures ib. Chap. III. Of the three kinds of bondages necessary in fractures Pag. 344 Chap. IV. Of the binding up of fractures associated with a wound Pag. 345 Chap. V. Certain common precepts of the binding up of fractures and luxations Pag. 346 Chap. VI. Of the uses for which ligatures serve ib. Chap. VII Of bolsters or compresses Pag. 347 Chap. VIII Of the use of splints Junks and cases ib. Of Fractures the fifteenth Book Chap. I. What a Fracture is and what the differences thereof are Pag. 348 Chap. II. Of the signs of a fracture ib. Chap. III. Prognosticks to be made in fractures Pag. 349 Chap. IV. The general cure of broken and dislocated bones Pag. 350 Chap. V. By what means you may perform the third intention in curing fractures and dislocations which is the hindering and correction of accidents and symptoms Pag. 351 Chap. VI. Of the fracture of the nose Pag. 352 Chap. VII Of the fracture of the lower jaw ib. Chap. VIII Of the fracture of the clavicle or collar bone Pag. 353 Chap. IX Of the fracture of the shoulder blade Pag. 354 Chap. X. Of the fracture and
both of the scalding of the water and the virulent strangury Pag. 474 Chap. XXI Of the proper cure of a virulent strangury ib. Chap. XXII Of caruncles of fleshy excrescences which sometimes happen to grow in the urethea by the heat or scalding of the urine Pag. 475 Chap. XXIII What of the remedies shall be used to caruncles occasioned by the Lues Venerea Pag. 476 Chap. XXIV of Venereal Buboes or swellings in the groins Pag. 478 Chap. XXV Of the exostosis bunches or knots growing upon the bones by reason of the Lues Venerea ib. Chap. XXVI Why the bones become rotten and by what means it may be perceived ib. Chap. XXVII Of actual and potential cauteries Pag. 480 Chap. XXVIII Of the vulnerary potion Pag. 482 Chap. XXIX Of tetters ring-worms or chops occasioned by the Lues Venerea Pag. 483 Chap. XXX Of curing the Lues Venerea in infants and little children Pag. 484 The twentieth Book Of the small pox and meazles as also of worms and the leprosie from pag. 485. to pag. 497. The one and twentieth Book Of poysons and of the biting and stinging of a mad dog and the bitings and stingingo of other venemous creatures from pag. 497. to pag. 525. The two and twentieth Book of the Plague Chap. I. The description of the Plague Pag. 525 Chap. II. Of the natural causes of an extraordinary plague Pag. 526 Chap. III. Of the natural causes of the Plague ib Chap. IV. Of the pâ—eparation of humors to putrefaction and adm ssion of pestiferous impressions Pag. 527 Chap. V. What signes in the air and earth prognosticate a plague Pag. 528 Chap. VI. By using what cautions in air and diet one may prevent the plague Pag. 529 Chap. VII Of the cordial remedies by which we may preserve our bodies in fear of the plague and cure those already infected therewith Pag. 530 Chap. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly Pag. 532 Chap. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague Pag. 533 Chap. X. Of the office of Magistrates in time of the Plague Pag. 534 Chap. XI What caution must be used in choosing Physicians Apothecaries and Surgeons who may have care of such as are taken with the Plague Pag. 55 Chap. XII How such as undertake the cure of the Plague ought to arm themselves ib. Chap. XIII Of the signs of such as are infected with the Plague Pag. 536 Chap. XIV What signs in the Plague are mortal Pag. 537 Chap. XV. Signs of the Plague coming by contagion of the air without any fault of the humors ib. Chap. XVI Signs of the Plague drawn into the body by the fault and putrefaction of humors ib. Chap. XVII Of the prognostication that is to be instituted in the Plague Pag. 538 Chap. XVIII How a pestilent fever comes to be bred in us Pag. 539 Chap. XIX Into what place the Patient ougth to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Pag. 540 Chap. XX. What diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of meat Pag. 541 Chap. XXI What drink the Patient infected ought to use Pag. 542 Chap. XXII Of antidotes to be used in the Plague Pag. 543 Chap. XXIII Of Epithems to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts Pag. 545 Chap. XXIV Whether purging and blood-letting be necâ—ssary in the beginning of pestilent diseases ib. Chap. XXV Of purging medicines in a pestilent disease Pag. 547 Chap. XXVI Of many symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first or the pain of the head Pag. 548 Chap. XXVII Of the heat of the kidnies Pag. 549 Chap. XXVIII Of the eruptions and spots which commonly are called by the name of purples and tokens ib. Chap. XXIX Of the cure of eruptions and spots Pag. 550 Chap. XXX Of a pestilent Bubo or plague sore Pag. 551 Chap. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or plague sores ib. Chap. XXXII Of the nature causes and signs of a pestilent carbuncle Pag. 553 Chap. XXXIII What prognosticks may be made in pestilent Buboes and Carbuncles Pag. 554 Chap. XXXIV Of the cure of a pestilent carbuncle Pag. 555 Chap. XXXV Of the itching and inflammation happening in pestilent ulcers and how to cicatrize them Pag. 556 Chap. XXXVI Of sundry kinds of evacuations and first of sweatâ—ng and vomiting Pag. 557 Chap. XXXVII Of spitting salivation sneezing belching hicketting and making water ib. Chap. XXXVIII Of the menstrual and haemorrhoidal purgation Pag. 558 Chap. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stool or a flux of the belly Pag. 559 Chap. XL. Of stopping the flux of the belly ib. Chap. XLI Of evacuation by in ensible transpiration Pag. 560 Chap. XLII How to cure infants and children taken with the Plague Pag. 561 The three and twentieth Book Of the meanes and manner to repair or supply the defects of mans Body Chap. I How the losse of the natural or true eye may be covered hidden or shadowed Pag. 562 Chap. II. By what means a part of the nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastned or placed In the stead Pag. 563 Chap. III. Of the placing of teeth artificlally made in stead of those that are lost or wanting Pag. 564 Chap. IV. Of filling the hollowness of the palat Pag. 565 Chap. V. How to help such as cannot spâ—ak by reason of the loâ—se of some part of the tongue Pag. 566 Chap. VI. Of covering and repairing certain defâ—cts or defaults in the face ibid. Chap. VII Of the defects of the ears Pag. 567 Chap. VIII Of amending the deformity of such as are crook-backt ib. Chap. IX How to relieve such as have their urine flow from them against their wils and such as want their yards Pag. 568 Chap. X. By what means the perished function or action of a thump or finger may be corrected and amended Pag. 569 Chap. XI Of the helping those that are vari and valgi crook-legged or crook-footed inwards or outwards Pag. 576 Chap. XII By what means arms legs and hands may be made by art and pâ—aced in the stead of natural arms legs or hands that are cut off and lost Pag. 585 Chap. XIII Of amending or helping lameness or halting Pag. 575 Of the generation of Man the four and twentieth Book Chap. I. Why the generative parts are endued with great pleasure Pag. 576 Chap. II. of what quality the seed is whereof the male and whereof the female is engendered Pag. 591 Chap. III. What is the cause why females of all brute beasts being great with young do neither desire nor admit the males until they have brought forth their young Pag. 592 Chap. IV. What things ought to be observed as necessary unto generation in the time of copulation Chap. V. By what signs it may be known whether the woman have conceived or not Pag. 593 Chap. VI. That the womb so soon as it hath received the seed is
ears neither doth the phlegmon in the jaws and throat admit the same form of cure as it doth in other parts of the body For none can there outwardly apply repercussives without present danger of suffocation What the conditions of the parts affected do indicate So there is no use of repercussives in defluxions of those parts which in site are neer the principal Neither must thou cure a wounded Nerve and Muscle after one manner The temperature of a part as Moisture alwayes indicates its preservation although the disease be moist and give Indication of drying as an ulcer The principality of a part always insinuates an Indication of astringent things although the disease require dissolving as an Obstruction of the Liver for otherwise unless you mix astringent things with dissolving you will so dissolve the strength of the part that hereafter it cannot suffice for sanguification If the texture of a part be rare it shews it is less apt or prone to obstruction if dense it is more obnoxious to that disease hence it is that the Liver is oftner obstructed than the Spleen If the part be situate more deep or remote it indicates the medicines must be more vigorous and liquid that they may send their force so far The sensibleness or quick-sense of the part gives Indication of milder medicines than peradventure the signs or notes of a great disease require Indications from the ages For the Physitian which applyes things equally sharp to the Horny tunicle of the eye being ulcerated and to the leg must needs be counted either cruel or ignorant Each Sex and Age hath its Indications for some diseases are curable in youth which we must not hope to cure in old age for hoarsness and great distillations in very old men admit no digestion as Hippocrates saith Aphor. 40. li. 2. Nunquam decrepitus Bronchum coquit atque Coryzam The feeble Sire for age that hardly goes Ne're well digests the hurtful Rheume or pose Moreover according to his decree the diseases of the Reins Aphor. 6. sect 6. and whatsoever pains molest the bladder are difficultly healed in old men and also reason perswades that a Quartain admits no cure in Winter and scarce a Quotidian and Ulcers in like manner are more hard to heal in Winter that hence we may understand certain Indications to be drawn from time and to increase the credit of the variety and certainty of Indications some certain time and seasons in those times command us to make choice of medicines for as Hippocrates testifies Aphor. 5. sect 4. Ad Canis ardorem facilis purgatio non est In Dog-dayes heat it is not good By purging for to cleanse the blood Neither shalt thou so well prescribe aslender diet in Winter as in the Spring for the air hath its Indications For experience teaches us that wounds of the head are far more difficultly and hardly cured at Rome Naples and Rechel in Xantoigne But the times of diseases yeeld the principal Indications for some Medicines are only to be used at the beginning and end of diseases others at the increase and vigour of the disease From our diet We must not contemn those Indications which are drawn from the vocation of Life and manner of Diet for you must otherwise deal with the painful Husbandman when he is your Patient which leads his life sparingly and hardly than with the Citizen who lives daintily and idlely To this manner of life diet may be referred a certain secret and occult property Hatred arising from secret properties by which many are not only ready to vomit at eating of some meats but tremble over all their bodies when they hear them but spoken of I knew a prime Nobleman of the French Nobility who was so perplext at the serving in of an Eel to the Table at the midst of dinner and amongst his friends that he fell into a swound all his powers failing him Galen in his Book de Censuetudine tells that Aerius the Peripatetick died sodainly because compelled by the advice of those Physitians he used he drank a great draught of cold water in the intolerable heat of a Feaver For no reason saith Galen than that because he knowing he had naturally a cold stomach from his childhood perpetually abstained from cold water Indications taken from things against nature For as much as belongs to Indications taken from things against nature the length and depth of a wound or ulcer indicates one way the figure cornered round equal and smooth unequal and rough with a hollowness streight or winding indicate otherwise the site right left upper lower in another manner and otherwise the force and violence of antecedent and conjunct causes For oftentimes the condition of the cause indicates contrary to the disease as when abundance of cold and gross humors cause and nourish a Feaver So also a Symptome often indicates contrary to the disease in which contradiction that Indication must be most esteemed which doth most urge as for example sake If swounding happen in a Feaver the feaverish burning shall not hinder us from giving wine to the Patient Wherefore these Indications are the principallest and most noble which lead us as by the hand to do these things which pertain to the cure prevention and mitigating of diseases But if any object that so curious a search of so many Indications is to no purpose because there are many Chirurgeons which setting only one before their eyes which is drawn from the Essence of the disease have the report and fame of skilful Chirurgeons We do not alwayes follow the Indication which is from the disease in the opinion of the vulgar But let him know that it doth not therefore follow that this Indication is sufficient for the cure of all diseases for we do not always follow that which the Essence of the disease doth indicate to be done But chiefly then where none of the fore-recited Indications doth resist or gain-say You may understand this by the example of a Plethora which by the Indication drawn from the Essence of the thing requires Phlebotomy yet who is it that will draw blood from a child of three months old Besides such an Indication is not artificial but common to the Chirurgeon with the common people For who is it that is ignorant that contraries are the remedies of contraries and that broken bones must be united by joyning them together But how it must be performed and done this is of Art and peculiar to a Chirurgeon and not known to the vulgar Which the Indications drawn from those fountains we pointed at before aboundantly teaches which as by certain limits of circumstances encompass the Indication which is taken from the Essence of the disease In what parts we cannot hope for restoring of solution of continuity lest any should think we must trust to that only For there is some great and principal matter in it but not all For so
a notable Knave and one of those Impostors who would pawn his life that he would make him sound wherefore this Honourable Personage being in this desperate case was committed unto his care First of all he bid they should give him the Patient's shirt which he tore into shreds and pieces which presently framing into a Cross he laid upon the wounds whispering some conceived or coined words with a low murmur For all other things he wished the Patient to rest content and to use what diet he pleased for he would do that for him which truly he did For he eat nothing but a few prunes and drunk nothing but small Beer yet for all this the wounded Prince died within two days the Spaniard slipt away and so scaped hanging And whilest I opened the body in the sight of the Physitians and Chirurgeons to embalm him the signs and accidents of the wound did evidently and plainly appear to be as we had pronounced before And there be also other Jugling companions of this Tribe What wounds may be cured only by lint or by tents and Water who promise to cure all wounds with Lint or Tents either dry or macerated in oyl or water and bound to the wound having murmured over some charm or other who have had sometimes good success as I can witness But the wounds upon which tryal was made were simple ones which only required union or closing for to perfect the cure So verily the bones of beasts when they be broke grow together by the only benefit of nature But when the affect shall be compound by diversity of Symptoms as a wound with an ulcer inflammation contusion and fracture of a bone you must hope for no other from Tents or Lints nor Charms than death Therefore the common sort who commit themselves to these Impostors to be cured do not only injure themselves but also hurt the Common-wealth and the common profit of the Citizens for whose good and justice sake a prudent Magistrate ought to deprive Impostors of all freedom in a free and Christian Commonweal Witches Conjurers Diviners Soothsayers Magicians and such like boast of curing many diseases but if they do or perform any thing in this kind they do it all by sleights subtilties and forbidden Arts as Charms Conjurations Witcheries Characters Knots Magical Ligatures Rings Images Poysons Laces tied across and other damnable tricks with which they pollute pervert and defame the prime and sacred Art of Physick and that with the danger of mens lives Who certainly are to be banished by the Laws of our Countrey especially seeing it is decreed in Moses Law Leâ— nâ—ne be found amâ—ng you that useth witchcraft or a regarder of times Deut. 18. or a marker of the flying of Fowls or a Sorcerer or a Charmer or that counsulteth with Spirits or a Soothsayer or that asketh counsel at the dead for all that do such things are abomination to the Lord and because of these abominations the Lord thy God doth cast them out before thee But the Miracles of our Lord Jesus Christ the Son of God and of his Saints and Apostles in curing diseases beyond nature and all Art are of another kind which we ought to believe so firmly and constantly that it should be counted an impiety for a Christian to doubt of them All holy Writings are full of these as to give sight to the blind hearing to the deaf power to go to those sick of the Palsie to drive forth Devils to cure the Leprosie to give fruitfulness to women to raise the Dead and perform by the holy Ghost other Miracles which exceed the condition and law of Naâ—re whom here we earnestly intreat to free and protect us from unclean Devils and the spirits of diabolical deceit and to give us the mind that we may will and be able always to aspire to Heaven and fasten the hope safety and anchor of all our fortunes in God alone Amen The End of the first Book The Second BOOK Of Living Creatures and of the Excellency of Man The difference of brute beasts BEfore I come to speak of the Anatomy of Man's body I have thought fit to say a little of the nature of brute Beasts There is between Beasts a great deal of difference by nature for of these some are hardy and bold others fearful some wilde and savage others tame some walking in herds others wandring alone some covered and defended with shels and scales as the Crocodile the Tortois and many kinds of fish others have stings and pricles The Horse hath his hard and strong hoofs his crest as being a generous beast beset with a thick and harsh mane The defence of the magnanimous Lion are his teeth his crooked paws and tail Buls are formidable by their horns The Boar by his tusks standing out as it were natural hunting-spears The Hare being a timerous creature is naked and unarmed but in recompence thereof Nature hath made her nimble and swift of foot For what the more noble and courageous Beasts have in arms is supplyed in the fearful by nimbleness and celerity Infinite are the other endowments of brute Beasts and such as can hardly be imagined or described For if we diligently search into their nature Some shadow of vertue in beasts we shall observe the impressions and shadows of many vertues as of magnanimity prudence fortitude clemency and docility for they entirely love one another follow those things that are good shun those that are hurtful and gather and lay up in store those things that are necessary for life and food Lastly they give undoubted presages of the weather and air They have taught men many things and are of a most exquisit and quick sense of rare art in vocal musick prudent and careful for their young and faithful lovers of their native soil They are religiously observant of the rights of friendship and chastity They have their weapons whereby they are prepared both to invade and to defend themselves being invaded They submit themselves to the discipline of man practise and imitate his speech and mutually prattle chant one to another They have a kind of weal-publick amongst themselves and know how to preserve their present welfare and to depel the contrary being in this their own counsellors and not tutored by man Yea man is beholden to them for the knowledge of many wholsom things The consideration of which bred so great a doubt amongst the antient Philosophers that it was a question amongst them whether Beasts had use of reason or no Therefore also the wise Solomon sends us for examples of parsimony and diligence unto the Ant or Pismire and Esaias in exprobration of the people of Israel for their ingratitude and rebellion against God sends them to the Ox and Ass for they do not only know but reverence their Masters Liâ— 8. cap. 27. But from whence is the knowledge of these Medicins wherewith the Art of Physick is so richly adorned but from
this protuberation four sides EE 3 a Sinus insculped in the protuberation of the Talus FF 3 two bunching parts of the Talus G 3 the inner side of the proturberation of the Talus crusted over with a gristle joyned to the inner Ankle H 6 the outward Sinus of the protuberation of the Talus covered over with a Gristle receiving the inner Ankle I 5 a rough Sinus of the Talus receiving a gristly Ligament from the inner Ankle K 6 a Sinus of the Talus receiving a gristly Ligament from the outward Ankle L M 5 6 two Sinus in the hinder part of the Talus N 3 4 5 6 the neck of the Talus or Pastern-bone O 3 4 5 6 the head of the Talus going under the Sinus of the Boat-bone P 7 8 9 the head of the Heel crusted over with a gristle and going under the Sinus of the Talus or the Pastern-bone Q 4 a large Sinus of the Talus receiving the head of the Heel R 7 8 9 a Sinus of the Heel whereto the lower part of the head of the Talus is joyned S 4 the lower power of the head of the Talus going into the Sinus of the Heel TT 4 a sharp Sinus of the Heel receiving a gristly Ligament from the Pastern-bone X Y Z 2 the place of the Heel Y Z 2 Y 8 Z 9 a process of the Heel made for the production of Muscles a b 7 8 9 from a to b the distance of the upper part of the heel c 8 9 the hinder-part of the Heel d 2 8 the inner side of the Heel e 8 the place where the Tendons that run to the bottom of the foot are reflected f 7 8 the utter side of the Heel g 1. 7 9 here the Tendons of the seven and eight Muscles of the Foot are stretched out h 7 the fore-part of the Heel which is joyned to the Pastern-bone i 7 that part of the Heel which is joyned to the Cube-bone k 11 the Sinus of the Boat-bone receiving the head of the Talus l m n 10 three surfaces of the Boat-bone lightly prominent which are articulated to the Bones of the Wrist o p 11 the upper part of the Boat-bone regarding the top of the Foot q r 10 and q 11. his lower part q 10 11 a Sinus through which the sixt Muscle of the foot is led s t u 13 the plain surfaces of the three inner-bones of the Wrist whereby they are articulated to the Boat-bone x 13 a shallow Sinus of the Cube-bone whereby it is articulated to the Heel α β 12 the place of the Cube-bone to which that Bone of the After-wrist is joyned which supporteth the last Toe save one γ 12 13 the place of the Cube-bone where the third Bone of the Wrist is articulated δ 12 13 that part of the Cube-bone which respecteth the outside of the foot ◠12 13 the surface of the Cube-bone in the upper part of the Foot ζ 2 13 that part of the Cube-bone which regardeth the earth ε 2 a Sinus of the Cube-bone at which the Tendon of the seventh Muscle of the foot is reflected R 13 a process of the third Bone of the Wrist whereinto the fift Muscle of the Foot is inserted ι 12 the place of the inner-bone of the Wrist to which that Bone of the After-wrist which sustaineth the great is coupled κ 12 the place of the second Bone of the Wrist whereto the Bone of the After-wrist that supporteth the fore Toe is articulated λ 12. the place of the third Bone of the Wrist whereto that Bone of the Afterwrist which supporteth the middle Toe is articulated μ 1 2 a small Bone whereby that Bone of the After-wrist which sustaineth the little one is joyned unto the Cube-bone νν 1 2 the distances betwixt the Bones of the After-wrist ξξ 1 2 the heads of the Bones of the After-wrist which enter into the bosomes of the Toes ο 2 a process of the Bone of the After-wrist wherein the Tendon of the seventh Muscle of the foot is implanted δ 2 a process of the Bone of the After-wrist which sustaineth the little Toe which process receiveth the tendon of the muscle of the Foot s τ υ 1 2 the three Bones of the Fore-toe ◠ο 2 two Seed-bones placed under that Bone of the After-wrist which sustaineth the great Toe * 2 under X a Seed-bone set to the second joynt of the great Toe Γ 1 2 the Talus or Pastern Δ 1 2 the Heel Τ 1 2 the Boat-bone Λ Ξ 1 2 the Bones of the Toes φ X 1 2 Two Bones of the great Toe I II III IV V 1. the five Bones of the After-wrist I pass over in silence many other things as the smoothness and asperity or roughness of the Bone which I had rather you should learn by ocular Inspection than by Book The second bone lying under this is called the Calcaneum or Heel-bone being the biggest of all the Bones of the Foot upon which all the Body relies when we go It hath two upper processes the one great The description of the Calcaneum or Calx the other little The great is received in the hind and outer process of the Astragalus the lesser is received on the inside in the third process of the same bone the which we said had a round head fastned to a long Neck Besides it is round on the hind-part and much disjoyned from the Leg-bone but on the fore and longer part it is knit by Synarthrosis to the Die-bone whose lower and inner part it seems to receive the superficies thereof is wholly unequal and rising up with many swellings On the inner side it makes as it were a channel so to give way as well to the vessels as tendons going to the sole of the foot and toes Lastly we must consider the holes by which the vessels pass into that bone to give it nourishment by reason of which vessels the fracture of this heel-bone is very dangerous because of the pressing and contusion of the Vessels as Hippocrates shews For the ligaments of this heel or heel-bone they are such Why a fracture of the heel is so dangerous Hippocrates Sect. 3. lib. de fracturis The Os Scaphoides or boat-like-bone as these of the Astragalus to wit tendons membranes and ligaments properly so called coming from one Bone to another The third bone of the foot is named Scaphoides or Boat-like from the resemblance it hath to a Boat for on that part which looks towards the Pastern-bone it is hollow but on that part which is next the three Innominata or nameless bones which it sustains and of which it is received as it in the cavity thereof receives the head of the Astragalus it is gibbous like the bottom of a Boat The connexions thereof are by Synarthrosis and they are strengthened by the fore-mentioned ligaments this same Bone is arched on the upper part but somewhat hollowed or flatted below the inner part
in the amputation of a member And it happens by the puncture of a venemous beast or from seed retained or corrupted in the womb or from a Gangrene or Sphacel from a venenate and putrid air carryed up to the Brain or from a sodain tumult and fear Lastly what things soever with any distemper The Cure especially hot do hurt and debilitate the mind These may cause doting by the afflux of humors specially cholerick by dissipation oppression or corruption of the spirits Therefore if it shall proceed from the inflammation of the Brain and Meninges or Membranes thereof after purging and bloud-letting by the prescription of a Physitian the hair being shaved or cut off the head shall be fomented with Rose-Vinegar and then an Emplaister of Diacalcitheos dissolved in Oyl and Vinegar of Roses shall be laid thereupon Sleep shall be procured with Barly creams wherein the seeds of white Poppy have been boyled with broths made of the decoction of the cold seeds of Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and such like Cold things shall be applyed to his Nostrils as the seeds of Poppy gently beaten with Rose-water and a little Vinegar Let him have merry and pleasant companions that may divert his mind from all cogitation of sorrowful things and may ease and free him of cares and with their sweet intreaties may bring him to himself again But if it happen by default of the spirits you must seek remedy from those things which have been set down in the Chapter of Swooning The End of the Ninth Book The Tenth BOOK Of the Green and Bloudy WOVNDS of each Part. CHAP. I. Of the kinds or differences of a broken Skull NOw that we have briefly treated of Wounds in general that is of their differences signs causes prognosticks and cure and also shewed the reason of the accidents and symptoms which usually follow and accompany them it remains that we treat of them as they are incident to each part because the cure of wounds must be diversly performed according to the diversity of the parts Now we will begin with the wounds of the head The differences of a broken Head Therefore the head hath the hairy scalp lightly bruised without any wound otherwhiles it is wounded without a Contusion and sometimes it is both contused and wounded but a fracture made in the skull is sometimes superficiary sometimes it descends even to the Diploe sometimes it penetrates through the 2 Tables and the Meninges into the very substance of the Brain besides the Brain is oft-times moved and shaken with breaking of the internal veins and divers symptoms happen when there appears no wound at all in the head of all and every of which we will speak in order and add their cure especially according to the opinion of the divine Hippocrates He in his Book of the wounds of the head seems to have made 4 or 5 kinds of fractures of the skull The kinds of a broken Skull out of Hippocrates The first is called a fissure or fracture the second a contusion or collision the third is termed Effractura the fourth is named Sedes or a seat the fifth if you please to add it you may call a Counterfissure or as the interpreter of Paulus calls it a Resonitus As when the Bone is cleft on the contrary side to that which received the stroak Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication There are many differences of these five kinds of a broken skull For some fractures are great some small and others indifferent some run out to a greater length or bredth others are more contracted some reside only in the superficies others descend to the Diploe or else pierce through both the Tables of the Skull some run in a right line others in an oblique and circular some are complicated amongst themselves as a Fissure is necessarily and alwayes accompained with a Collision or Contusion and others are associated with divers accidents as pain heat swelling bleeding and the like Sometimes the Skull is so broken that the Membrane lying under it is pressed with shivers of the Bone as with pricking needles Somewhiles none of the Bones fall off All which differences are diligently to be observed because they force us to vary cure and therefore for the help of memory I have thought good to describe them in the following Table A Table of the Fractures of the Skull A Fracture or Solution of continuity in the Skull is caused either by Contusion that is a collision of a thing bruising hard heavy and obtuse which shall fall or be smitten against the head or against which the head shall be knocked so that the broken Bones are divided or Keep their natural figure and site touching each other whence proceeds that fracture of the Skull which is called a fissure which is Either manifest and apparent that is To your sight To your feeling Or instrument Or obscure and not manifest when as not the part which received the blow is wounded but the contrary thereto and that happens either In the same Bone and that two manner of ways as On the side as for example when the right side of the Bone of the Forehead is strucken the left is cleft Or from above to below as when not the first Table which received the blow is cleft but that which is under it In divers Bones to wit in such men as want Sutures or have them very close or disposed other-wayes then is fit and this opposition is either From the right side to the left and so on the contrary as when the right Bregma is struck and the left cleft From before to behind and the contrary as when the Forehead is smitten the Nowl is cleft Or between both that is the obscure and manifest as that which is termed a Capillary fissure and is manifested by smearing it over with Oyl and writing Ink. Or lose their site and that either Wholly so that the particles of the broken Bone removed from their seat and falling down press the Membrane whence proceeds that kind of effracture which retains a kind of attrition when as the Bone struck upon is broken as it were into many fragments shivers and scales either apparent or hid in the sound Bone so that it is pressed down Or in some sort as when the broken bone is in some part separated but in others adheres to the whole Bone whence another kind of effracture arises you may call it arched when as the Bone so swels up that it leaves an empty space below Or by incision of a sharp or cutting thing but that incision is made either by Succision when the bone is so cut that in some part it yet adheres to the sound Bone Rescission when the fragment falls down wholly broken off Or Seat when the mark of the weapon remains imprinted in the wound that the wound is of no more length nor breadth than the weapon fell upon Another Table of the
out by putting in of warm water made it credible that the plant was poysoned by their spittle and urine whereby you may understand how unwisely they do who devour herbs and fruits newly gathered without washing Also we must take heed lest falling asleep in the fields we lie not near the holes which toads or other venomous beasts of the same nature have made their habitation For thence a venomous or deadly air may be drawn into the lungs May frogs For the same cause we must abstain from eating of frogs in the month of May because then they engender with toads Oxen in feeding somtimes lick up smalltoads together with the grass which presently will breed their great harm for thereupon the Oxen swell so big that they often burst withall Neither is the venom of toads deadly only being taken inwardly but even sprinkled upon the skin unless they forthwith wipe the place and wash it with urine water and salt Such as are poysoned by a toad turn yellow swell over all their bodies are taken with an Asthmatick difficulty of breathing a Vertigo convulsion swounding and lastly by death it self These so horrid symptoms are judged inherent in the poyson of toads not only by reason of the elementary qualities thereof coldness and moisture which are chiefly predominant therein but much rather by the occult property which is apt to putrefie the humors of that body whereto it shall happen The cure Therefore it will be convenient to procure vomit especially if the poyson be taken by the mouth to give glysters and to weaken the strength of the poyson by hot and attenuating Antidotes as treacle and mithridate dissolved in good wine but in conclusion to digest it by baths stoves and much and great exercise Rondeletius in his book de piscibus affirms the same things of the cursed venom of toads as we have formerly delivered yet that they seldom bite but that they cast forth either their urine the which they gather in a great quantity in a large bladder or else their venomous spittle or breath against such as they meet withall or assail besides the herbs which are tainted by their poysonous breath but much more such as are sprinkled with their spittle or urine are sufficient to kill such as eat them Antidotes against the poyson of Toads The Antidotes are juice of betony plantane mug-wort as also the blood of Tortoises made with flower into pils and forthwith dissolved in wine and drunken Plinye writes that the hearts and spleens of Toads resist poyson The vulgar opinion is false who think that the Toad-stone is found in their heads which is good against poyson CHAP. XXV Of the Stinging of a Scorpion The description of a Scorpion His tail A Scorpion is a small creature with a round body in form of an egg with many feet and a long tail consisting of many joynts the last whereof is thicker and a little longer then the rest at the very end thereof is a sting it casts in some two hollow and replete with cold poyson the which by the sting it casts into the obvious body it hath five legs on each side forked with strong claws not unlike to a Crab or Lobster but the two foremost are bigger then the rest they are of a blackish or sooy colour they go aside aside and oft-times fasten themselves with their mouths and feet so fast to them Winged Scorpions that they can scarce be plucked there-hence There be some who have wings like the wings of Locusts wasting the corn and all green things with their biting and burning Such are unknown in France These flie in divers countries like winged Ants. This is likely to be true by that which Matthiolus writes that the husband-men in Castile in Spain in digging the earth oft-times finde a swarm of Scorpions which betake themselves thither against winter Plinie writes that Scorpions laid waste a certain part of Ethiopia by chasing away the inhabitants The Antients made divers kinds of Scorpions according to their variety or difference of colours some being yellow others brown reddish ash-coloured green whitish black dusky some have wings and some are without They are more or lesse deadly according to the countries they inhabit In Tuscany and Scithia they are absolutely deadly but at Trent and in the Iland Pharos their stinging is harmless Symptoms The place stung by a Scorpion presently begins to be inflamed it waxeth red grows hard and swells and the patient is again pained he is one while hot another while cold labour presently wearies him and his pain is some-whiles more and som-whiles less he sweats and shakes as if he had an Ague his hair stands upright paleness dis-colours his members and he feels a pain as if he were pricked with needles over all his skin winde flieth out backwards he strives to vomit and go to stool but doth nothing he is molested with a continual fever and swounding which at length proves deadly unless it be remedied Dioscorides writes Lib. 2. cap. 44. lib 6. ca. 10. that a Scorpion beaten and laid to the place where he is stung is a remedy thereto as also eaten rosted to the same purpose It is an usual but certain remedy to annoint the stung place with the oil of Scorpions There be some who drop into the wound the milky juice of figs others apply calamint beaten other-some use barly-meal mixed with a decoction of Rue Snails beaten together with their shells and laid thereon presently asswage pain Sulphur vivum mixed with Turpentine and applied plaster-wise is good as also the leaves of Rue beaten and laid thereto In like sort also the herb Scorpioides which thence took its name is convenient as also a briony-root boiled and mixed with a little sulphur and old oil Lib. 3. cap. 1. Dioscorides affirms Agarick in powder or taken in wine to be an Antidote against poysons verily it is exceeding good against the stingings or bitings of Serpents Yet the continual use of a bath stands in stead of all these as also sweat and drinking wine some-what allaid Now Scorpions may be chased away by a fumigation of Sulphur and Galbanum also oil of Scorpions dropped into their holes hinders then coming forth Juice of raddish doth the same For they will never touch one that is besmeared with the juice of radish or garlick yea verily they will not dare to come near him CHAP. XXVI Of the stinging of Bees Wasps c. BEes Wasps Hornets and such like cause great pain in the skin wounded by their stinging by reason of the curstness of the venom which they send into the body by the wound yet are they seldom deadly but yet if they set upon a man by multitudes they may come to kill him For thus they have sometimes been the death of horses Wherefore because such as are stung by these by reason of the cruelty of pain may think they are wounded by a more
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming 〈◊〉 not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 â—phor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
the Varices and the inâ—â—ion of the temporal Arteries as after the amputation of a member Now you your self command that in cutting the Varices the flux of blood be stopped by the ligature of the vessels In the book 2 chap. of Angealogy leaf 176. you command the same in the book of stitches 1. chap. speaking of the stitch with the amputation and section of the Call changed by the outward air see here your own words After that must be considered concerning the Câ—lâ— for if there be any part corrupted putrified withered or blackish first having tyed for fear of a flux of blood you do not bid afterward to have it cauterised but to say the truth you have your eyes shâ—t and all your sences dulled when you would speak against so sure a method and that it is not but through anger and an ill will For there is nothing which hath more power to drive reason from her seat then cholet and anger Moreover when one comes to canterize and dismemper the parts oftentimes when the 〈◊〉 comes to fall off there happens a new flux of blood As I have seen divers times not having been yet inspired by God with so suâ—e a means then when I used the heat of fire Which if you have not found or understood this method in the books of the Antients you ought not thus to â—â—ead it under your feet and speak unluâ—kily of one who all his life hath preferred the profit oâ— the Common-wealth before his own particular It is not more then reasonable to be found upon the saying of Hippocrates in the chapter of burning 2. book leaf 206. upon whose authority you serve your self which is thus That what the medicament cureth not the iron doth and what the iron doth not amend the fire exterminateth Galen in 4. book of the Meth. and in the book of Art of Hippocratâ—s Apho. the 2. book 1. In the book of arte panva It is a thing which savors not of a Christian to fall to burning at the first dash withoâ—t staying for any more gentle remedies As you your self write in the first book leaf 5. speaking of the conditions required in a Chirurgion to cure well which passages you borrow from some other place for that which may be done gently without fire is much more commended then otherwise Is it not a thing which all schools hold as a Maxiâ—â— that we must alwayes begin with most easie remedies which if they be not sufficient we must then come to extreme following the doctrine of Hippocrates Galen commands in the place before alledged to treat or dress the diseased quickly safely and with the least pain that is possible Let us come to Reason NOw so it is that one cannot apply hot irons but with extreme and vehement pain in a sensible part void of a Gangrene which would be cause of a Convulsion Fever yea oft-times of Death Moreover it would be a long while afteâ—wards before the poor patient were cured because that by the actions of there is made an either Of what the eâ—coar is made which proceeds from the subject flesh which being fallen nature must regenarate a new flesh in stead of that which hath been burned as also the bone remains discovered and bare and by this means for the most part there remains an ulcer incurable Moreover there is yet another accident It happeneth that oftentimes the crust being faln off the flesh not being well renewed the blood issueth out as it did before But when they shall be tied the ligature falls not off until the first flesh have very well covered them again which is proved by Galen in the 5. book of his Math. saying that escharotick medicines which cause a crust or eschar whensoever they fall off leave the part more baâ—e then the natural habit requires For the generation of a crust proceeds from the parts subject and which are situate â—ound about it being also burned as I may say wherefore by how much the part is burnt by so much it loseth the natural heat Words of the adversary Then tell me when it is necessary to use escarotick medicines or cautering irons T is when the flux of blood is caused by erosion or some Gâ—ngrene or putrefaction Now is it thus in fresh bleeding wounds there is neither Gangrene nor putrefaction Therefore the cauteries ought not to be there applied And when the Antients commanded to apply hot irons to the mouths of the vessels it hath not been only to stay the flux of blood but chiefly to correct the malignity or gangâ—enous putrefaction which might spoil the neighboring parts And it must be here noted that if I had known such accidents to happen which you have declared in your book in drawing and tying the vessels I had never been twice deceived nor would I ever have left by my writings to posterity such a way of stopping a flux of blood But I writ it after I had seen it done and did it very often with happy success See then what may happen through your inconsiderate counsel Propositions of the Adversary without examining or standing upon the facility of tying the said vessels For see here 's your scope and proposition to tie the vessels after amputation is a new remedy say you then it must not be used it is an ill argument for a Doctor But as for that say you one must use fire after the amputation of members to consume and dry the putrefaction which is a common thing in Gangrenes and mortifications that indeed hath no place here because the practice is to amputate the part above that which is mortified and corrupted as Celsus writes and commands to make the amputation upon the second part rather then to leave any whit of the corrupted I 5. book c. 26. and 7. book c. 33. I would willingly ask you if when a vein is cut transverse and that it is very much retracted towards the original whether you would make no conscience to burn till that you had found the orifice of the vein or artery and if it be not more easie only with a Crow-bill to pinch and draw the vessel and so tie it In which you may openly shew your ignorance In the ch of cutting Book the 2. and that you have your mind seized with much rancor and choler We daily see the ligature of the vessels practised with happy success after the amputation of a part which I will now verifie by experiences and histories of those to whom the said ligature hath been made and persons yet living Experiences A â—oâ—â—ble history The 16. of June 1582. in the presence of Mr. John Lieâ—aud doctor in the faculty of Physick at Paris Claud Viard sworn Surgeon Mr. Mathurin Hurâ—n Surgeon of Mounsieur de Sâ—uvâ—â—y and I Jâ—hn Charbonel M. Barber-Surgeon of Paris well understanding the Theorick and Fractick of Surgerie did with good dexterity amputate the left leg of a woman tormented
like unto science and by the same Art and science have been invented And indeed we see these which are experimented attain sooner to that which they intend then those which have reason and not experience because that the said experience is a knowledg of singular and particular things and science on the contrary is a knowledg of things universal Now that which is particular is more healable then that which is universal therefore those which have experience are more wise and more esteemed then those which want it by reason they know what they do Moreover I say that science without experience bringeth no great assurance Alciat a Doctor of Milan boasted one day of himself that his glory was greater and more famous then that of Counsellors Presidents masters of Request because that it was by his science and his instructions that they became such but he was answered by a Counsellor that he was like unto a whetstone which made the knife sharp and ready to cut not being able so to do it it self and alledged the verses of Horace that Fungebatur vice cotis acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet excors ipsa secandi See you now my little master my answers to your caluminations and pray you if you bear a good minde to the publick good to review and correct your book as soon as you can and not to hold young Chirurgions in this error by the reading of the same where you teach them to use hot irons after the amputation of members to stay a flux of blood seeing there is another means and not so cruel and more sure and easie Moreover if to day after an assault of a City where diverse Souldiers have had arms and legs broken and shot off by Cannon-bullets Cuâ—lâ—s and other instruments of war to stay the flux of blood if you should use hot irons it would be needful to have a forge and much coals to heat them and also the souldiers would hold you in such horror for this cruelty that they would kill you like a Calf even as in times past they did one of the chiefest Chirurgions of Rome which may be found written before in the third chapter of the Introduction of Surgery the 1. book Now lest the Sectators of your writings should fall into such inconveniency I pray them to follow the method aforesaid the which I have shewed to be true and certain and approved by authority reason and experience The Voyage of Thurin 1535. MOreover I will here shew to the Readers the places where I have had means to learn the Art of Surgery for the better instructing of the young Surgeon and first in the year 1536. the great King of France sent a great Army to Thurin to recover the City and Castles which the Marquess of Guast Lieutenant-General of the Emperor had taken where the high Constable of France the great Master was Lieutenant General of the Army and Monsieur de Montain Colonel-General of the Foot of which I was then Surgeon A great part of the Army arrived in the Country of Suze we found the Enemy which stopt the passage and had made certain Forts and Trenches insomuch that to hunt them out and make them leave the place we were forced to fight where there were divers hurt and slain as well of the one side as of the other but the enemies were constrained to retire The retiring of the enemy and get into the Castle which was caused partly by one Captain Ratt who climed with divers Souldiers of his company upon a little Mountain there where he shot directly upon the enemies he received a shot upon the ancle of his right foot wherewith presently he fell to the ground and said then Now is the Rat taken I dressed him and God healed him We entred the throng into the City and passed over the dead bodies and some which were not yet dead we heard them cry under our Horses feet which made my heart relent to hear them And truly I repented to have forsaken Paris to see such a pitifull a spectacle Being in the City I entred into a stable thinking to lodg my own and my mans horse where I found four dead Souldiers and three which were leaning against the wall History their faces wholly disfigured and neither saw nor heard nor spake and their clothes did yet flame with gun-powder which had burnt them Beholding them with pitty there happened to come an old Souldier who asked me if there were any possible means to cure them I told him no he presently approached to them and cut their throats without choler Seeing this great cruelty I told him he was a wicked man he answered me that he prayed to God that whensoever he should be in such a case that he might finde some one that would do as much to him to the end he might not miserably languish And to return to our former discourse the enemy was summoned to render which they soon did and went out their lives only saved with a white staff in their hands the greatest part whereof went and got to the Castle of Villane where there was about 200. Spaniards Monsieur the Constable would not leave them behinde to the end that the way might be made free This Castle is seated upon a little mountain which gave great assurance to them within that one could not plant the ordnance to beat upon it and they were summoned to render or that they should be cut in pieces Brave answer of the Souldiers which they flatly refused making answer That they were as faithful servants to the Emperor as Mounsieur the Constable could be to the King his Master This answer heard they made by force of arms two great Cannons to be mounted in the night with cords and ropes by the Swissers and Lansquenets when as the ill luck would have it the two Cannons being seated a Gunner by great negligence set on fire a great bag of gun-powder wherewith he was burned together with ten or twelve souldiers and moreover the flame of the powder was a cause of discovering the Artillery which made them that all night they of the Castle did nothing but shoot at that place where they discovered the two pieces of Ordnance wherewith they killd and hurt a great number of our people The next day early in the morning a Battery was made which in a few hours made a breach which being made they demanded to parly with us but t was too late for them For in the mean time our French foot seeing them amazed mounted to the breach and cut them all in pieces Exemplary punishment except a fair young lusty maid of Piedmont which a great Lord would have kept and preserved for him to keep him company in the night for fear of the greedy Wolfe The Captain and Ensign were taken alive but soon after were hanged upon the gate of the City to the end they might give example and fear to the Imperial
to the joint by which the Clavicles or Patel-bones are tyed to the Chest and as soon as it arises is joyned with the arteria carotis or sleepy Artery and a Nerve of the sixt pair as companions in its journey at the side of the rough Artery and climbing to the Chops about the middle of the way is parted into two branches of which one is called the outer the other the inner branch The outer is so called because it comes not into the inner parts of the Head but being divided into two at the corner of the lower Jaw distributes one branch to the Chops and the other near to the Ears and Face The inner branch all the way is joyned to the Arteria Carotis or sleepy Artery even to the basis of the Skull whither when it is arrived on the backside it is likewise cleft into two branches but of unequal bigness For the first n is greater and more hinderly being carried backward obliquely which having propagated some twigs to the Muscles under the Gullet and in the forepart of the Rack-bones of the Neck through the second hole of the Occipitium or Nowl-bone enters the Skull with the lesser branch of the Arteria Carotis through which said hole the sixt pair of the Nerves descends and thus this branch enters the first 1 and second 2 sinus of the thick membrane The second branch p be in smaller and more to the forepart quite forsaking the Arteria Carotis or sleepy Artery goes to the fore-part of the Head and after that by the way it has bestowed a Surcle not very notable upon the Organ of hearing it enters the Skull through the seventh hole of the Wedg-bone or Os cuneiforme This is dispersed through the basis and sides of the thick membrane with a numerous issue of branches the prints whereof are observed in the inner surface of the bones of the forepart of the Head as we have said above in the second Book We will call these two branches because they go to the brain Encephalici as if you should say Cerebrales of the Brain and that shall be the greater Encephalicus Jugulariâ— Externa this the lesser The external Jugular vein q ascending under the skin and the Musculus Quadratus or square-Muscle that draws down the Cheeks Profundus by the sides of the Neck when it comes to the Ear is cleft into two branches r one of which I call Profundus the deep one because it enters the Muscles and retires into the more inward parts the other Cutaneus the Skin-branch The deep or inner one s in its first divarications meets with Glandules about the Chops and sends forth propagations worthy of our notice to the Larinx or Throttle and the Glandules that grow to it as also to the Muscles of the Chops and of the bones called hyoides among which that which creeps all along under the tongue is a notable one and is scattered into many little branches which are seen if the Tongue be lift up Three brâ—nches entring the skull even before dissection From this deep branch three other arise which enter into the inner parts of the Head and the Skull The first after it has spread little branches into the Chops and Mouth enters the Skull through the first hole of the Temple-bone The next e passes out of the fore part of the eye through the second hole of the Wedg-bone at which the second pair of Nerves gets out and runs with some Surcles thâ—ough the thicker Membrane upwards The third is scattered out of the bredth of the Nostrils through the hole of the Os cribrosum or five-bone into the same Membrane These two nourish this forepart to which the third sinus reaches not but ends near to the partition of the Mamillary Processes But the outer or Skin-branch u creeping by the skin of the Head Cutameaâ— and stayed up with the Glandules under the Ear which they call Parotides is divided into two branches of which the Anteriour x is is carried upward obliquely through the Cheeks to the inner corner of the Eye distribuâ—ing little branches by the way to the Nose and going on to the Eye-brow is joyned with the remainder of the branch of the other side and makes the Strait vein which they call vena frontis the Fore-head vein y and which in madness is opened to very great advantage To this the Satyrist alludes when speaking of a certain foolish fellow he sayes Mediam pertundite venam The other or Posteriour branch is carried behind and sends branches to the Temples z and skin of the Back part α of the Head A third vein which arises out of the upper part of the Subclavian branches is commonly called Muscula superior Muscula superior the upper Muscle-vein in relation to another of the same name arising out of the lower part It issues out near to the external Jugular vein and is dispersed into the Muscles and skin of the back-side of the Neck in regard whereof we shal not do amiss to call it Cervicalis superior or the higher Neck-vein β But now let us return to the distribution of the Subclavian-vein from which we have digrest This vein as soon as it gets out of the cavity of the Chest is called Axillaris F and when it comes to the Arm-pit The division of the Axillary vein into two branches Its propagations before its diâ—ision is divided into two notable branches called Cephalica or Head-vein G and Basilica I which are afterward disseminated throughout the whole Arm. But before the Axillary-vein be thus divided it sends forth two twigs the first γ is called Scapularis interna the inner Blade-vein and is distributed through the Muscles on the inside of the Shoulder-blade the other δ is named Scapularis externa or the outer blade-vein it is a pretty big one and is implanted into the muscles of the outer and gibbous part of the same Shoulder-blade Scapularis interna Externa Thoracica superior But the vein Basilica also before it enters the Arm shoots out two propagations one called Thoracica superior or the upper Chest-vein ε because it arises out of a higher part then the following it is a very notable one and runs through the inside of the pectoral Muscle that brings the Arm forward to the Brest it distributes branches also to the other Muscles of the Brest as also to the skin of the Dugs in women The other is called Thoracica inferior Thoracica inferior the lower Chest-vein ζ a great and notable one likewise which descending along the side of the Chest is distributed especially through the third broad Muscle or Latissimus that moves the Arm backward scattering many little branches from it self which afterwards are joyned by Anastomosis or inoculation with the branches of the vein sine pari that fall out of the Chest And this vein sometimes grows out of the former or the upper Chest-vein These branches being thus distributed the