three bushels English or little lesse The Podat is an ordinary rent of money imposed upon every Soak or Hundred within the whole Realm This Tagla and Podat bring in yearly to the Offices of the Chetfirds a great summe of money as may appear by the particulars here set down The town and Province of Vobsko pay yearly for Tagla and Pâ—dat about 18000 rubbels Novogrâ—d 35000. rubbels Torshock and Oâ—sâ— 8000. rubbels Razan 30000. rubbels Morum 12000. rubbels ColmigroÌ„e and Duyna 8000. rubbels Vologda 12000. rubbels Cazan 18000. rubbels Vsting 30000. rubbels Rostove 50000. The citie of Mosko 40000. rubbels Sibierskoy 20000. rubbels Castrome 12000. rubbels The totall amounteth to 400000. rubbels or marks a year which is brought in yearly the first day of September that is reckoned by them the first day of the year The third that is called the Bulsha Prechod or great Income receiveth all the customes that are gathered out of all the principall towns and cities within the whole Realm besides the fees and other duties which rise out of divers smaller Offices which are all brought into this office of Bulsha Prechod The towns of most trade that do yield greatest customes are these here set down Mosko Smolensko Vobsko Novogrod Velica Strararouse Torshock Otfer Yaruslave castrome Nesna Novogrod Cazan Vologda This custome out of the great towns is therefore most certain and easie to be reckoned because it iâ— set and rated precisely what they â—…ll pay for the custome of the year Which needs must be paid into the said office though they receive not so much If it fall out to be more it runneth all into the Emperours advantage The custome at Mosko for every year is 12000. rubbels The custome of Smolensko 8000. Vobsko 12000 rubbels Novogrod velica 6000. rubbels Strararouse by salt and other commodities 18000. rubbels Torshâ—ck 800. rubbels Otfer 700. rubbels Yaruslave 1200. rubbels Castrome 1800. rubbels Nesna Novogrod 7000. rubbels Cazan 11000. rubbels Vologda 2000. rubbels The custome of the rest that are towns of 〈◊〉 is sometimes more sometimes leâ—â—â— as their traffick and dealings with commodities to and fro falleth out for the year This may be said for certain that the three tables of receits belonging to this office of Bulsha Prechod when they receive least account for thus much viz. The first table 160000. rubbels The second table 90000. rubbels The third 70000. rubbels So that there cometh into the office of Bulsha Prechod at the least reckoning as appeareth by their books of customes out of these and other towns and maketh the summe of 340000. rubbels a year Besides this custome out of the towns of trade there is received by this office of Bulsha Prechod the yearly rent of the common Bathstoves and Cabacks or Drinkinghouses which pertain to the Emperour Which though it be uncertain for the just summe yet because it is certain and an ordinary matter that the Russe will bathe himself aswell within as without yieldeth a large rent to the Emperours treasurie There is besides a certain mulct or penaltie that groweth to the Emperour out of every judgement or sentence that passeth in any of his courts of Record in all civill matters This penaltie or mulct is 20. Dingoes or pence upon every rubble or mark and so ten in the hundred which is paid by the partie that is convict by law He hath besides for every name contained in the writs that passe out of these courts five Alteens An Alteen is five pence sterling or thereabouts This is made good out of the office whence the writ is taken forth Thence it goeth to the office that keepeth the lesser seal where it payeth as much more to the Emperours use This riseth commonly to 3000. rubbels a year or thereabouts Further also out of the office of Roisbonia where all fellonies are tried is received for the Emperour the half part of fellons goods the other half goeth the one part to the informer the other to the officers All this is brought into the office of Bulsha Prechod or great income Besides the overplus or remainder that is saved out of the land-rents allotted to divers other offices as namely to the office called Roserade which hath lands and rents assigned unto it to pay the yearly salaries of the souldiers or horsmen that are kept still in pay Which in time of peace when they rest at home not employed in any service is commonly cut off and paid them by halfs sometimes not the half so that the remainder out of the Roserade office that is laid into the Emperours treasurie cometh for the most part every year to 250000. rubbels In like sort though not so much is brought in the surplus out of the Strelletskoy offices which hath proper lands for the paiment of the Strelsey men or gunners aswell those at Mosko that are of the Emperours guard 12000. in ordinary as on the borthers and other garison towns and castles Likewise out of the office of Prechase Shifivoy Nemshoy which hath set allowance of lands to maintain the forein mercenarie souldiers as Poles Swedens Dutches Scots c. So out of the office of Pusharskoy which hath lande and rents allowed for the provision of munition great Ordiâ—…ce Powder Sâ—â—t Sâ—ltpeâ—…r Brimstone 〈◊〉 and such like there is left somewhat at the years end that runneth into the treasurie All these bring into the office of Bulsha Prechod that which remaineth in their hand at the years end Whence 〈◊〉 is delivered into the Emperours treasurie So that the whole summe that groweth to this office of Bulsha Prechod or the great income as appeareth by the books of the said office amounteth to 800000. rubbels a year or thereabouts All these offices to wit the office of the Steward the foure Chetsirds and the Bulsha Prechod deliver in their receits to the head treasurie that lieth within the Emperours house or castle at the Mosko Where lie all his moneys jewels crowns sceptres plate and such like the chests hutches and bags being signed by the Emperours themselves with their own seal Though at this time the L. Borris Federowich Godonoe his seal and oversight supplieth for the Emperour as in all other things The under-officer at this time is one Stephen Vasilowich Godonoe Cousin germane to the said Borris who hath two Clerks allowed to serve under him in the office The summe that groweth to the Emperours treasurie in money onely for every year 1. Out of the Stewards office above the expense of his house 230000 rubbels 2. Out of the foure Chetfirds for soak and head-money 400000. rubbels 3. Out of the Bulsha Prechod Office or great income for custome and other rents 800000. rubbels Summe 1430000. rubbles clear besides all charges for his house and ordinary salaries of his souldiers otherwise discharged But besides this revenue that is paid all in money to the Emperours treasurie he receiveth yearly in furres and other duties to a great value out of Siberia Pechora Permia and
About 9. of the clock in the morning they have another service called Obeidna or Compline much after the order of the Popish Service that bare that name If it be some high or Festivall day they furnish their Service beside with Blessed be the Lord God of Israel c. and We praise thee O God c. sung with a more solemn and curious note Their Evening service is called Vecherna where the Priest beginneth with Blaslavey Uladika as he did in the morning and with Psalmes appointed for the Vecherna Which being read he singeth My soul doth magnifie the Lord c. And then the Priest Deacons and people all with one voice sing Aspody pomeluy or Lord have mercy upon us thirty times together Whereunto the boyes that are in the Church answer all with one voice rowling it up so fast as their lips can go Verii Verii Verii Verii or Praise Praise Praise c. thirty times together with a very strange noise Then is read by the Priest and upon the holydayes sung the first Psalm Blessed is the man c. And in the end of it is added Alleluia repeated ten times The next in order is some part of the Gospel read by the Priest which he endeth with Alleluia repeated three times And so having said a collect in remembrance of the Saint of that day he endeth his evening service All this while the Priest standeth above at the altar or high table within the Chancel or Sanctum Sanctorum whence he never moveth all the service time The Deacon or Deacons which are many in their cathedrall Churches stand without the chancel by the Scharsuey dwere or heavenly doore for within they may not be seen all the service time though otherwise their office is to sweep and keep it and to set up the wax candles before their Idols The people stand together the whole service time in the body of the Church and some in the Church porch for pew or seat they have none within their Churches The Sacrament of baptisme they administer after this manner The child is brought unto the Church and this is done within eight dayes after it is born If it be the child of some Nobleman it is brought with great pomp in a rich â—led or wagon with chairs and cushions of cloth of gold and such like sumptuous shew of their best furniture When they are come to the Church the Priest standeth readie to receive the child within the church-porch with his tub of water by him And then beginneth to declare unto them that they have brought a little Infidell to be made a Christian c. This ended he teacheth the witnesses that are two or three in a certain set form out of his book what their dutie is in bringing up the child after he is baptized viz. That he must be taught to know God and Christ the Saviour And because God is of great Majestie and we must not presume to come unto him without Mediatours as the manner is when we make any suit to an Emperour or great Prince therefore they must teach him what Saints are the best and chief mediatours c. This done he commandeth the devil in the name of God after a conjuring manner to come out of the water and so after certain prayers he plungeth the child thrise over head and ears For this they hold to be a point necessary that no part of the child be undipped in the water The words that bear with them the form of baptisme uttered by the Priest when he dippeth in the child are the very same that are prescribed in the Gospel and used by us viz. In the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the Ghost For that they should alter the form of the words and say by the holy Ghost as I have heard that they did following certain hereticks of the Greek church I found to be untrue as well by report of them that have been often at their baptismes as by their book of Liturgie it self wherein the order of baptisme is precisely set down When the child is baptized the Priest layeth oyl and salt tempered together upon the forehead and both sides of his face and then upon his mouth drawing it along with his finger over the childs lips as did the Popish priests saying withall certain prayers to this effect that God will make him a good Christian c. all this is done in the Church-porch Then is the child as being now made a Christian and meet to be received within the Church doore carried into the Church the Priest going before and there he is presented to the chief Idol of the Church being laid on a cushion before the feet of the image by it as by the mediatour to be commended unto God If the child be sick or weak specially in the winter they use to make the water lukewarm After baptisme the manner is to cut off the hair from the childs head and having wrapped it within a piece of wax to lay up as a relique or monument in a secret place of the church This is the manner of their baptisme which they account to be the best and perfectest form As they do all other parts of their religion received as they say by tradition from the best Church meaning the Greek And therefore they will take great pains to make a proselyte or convert either of an infidell or of a forein Christian by rebaptizing him after the Russe manner When they take any Tartar prisoner commonly they will offer him life with condition to be baptized And yet they perswade very few of them to redeem their life so because of the naturall hatred the Tartar beareth to the Russe and the opinion he hath of his falshood and injustice The year after Mosko was fired by the Chrim Tartar there was taken a Divoymorsey one of the chief of that exploit with 300. Tartars more who had all their lives offered them if they would be baptized after the Russe manner Which they refused all to do with many reproches against those that perswaded them And so being carried to the river Mosko that runneth through the citie they were all baptized after a violent manner being thrust down with a knock on the head into the water through an hole made in the ice for that purpose Of Lieflanders that are captives there are many that take on them this second Russe baptisme to get more libertie and somewhat besides towards their living which the Emperour ordinarily useth to give them Of Englishmen since they frequented the countrey there was never any found that so much forgot God his faith and countrey as that he would be content to be baptized Russe for any respect of fear preferment or other means whatsoever save onely Richard Relph that following before an ungodly trade by keeping a Caback against the order of the countrey and being put off from that trade and spoiled by the Emperours officers of that which he
had entred himself this last year into the Russe profession and so was rebaptized living now as much an idolatour as before he was a riotour and unthriftie person Such as thus receive the Russe baptisme are first carried into some Monasterie to be instructed there in the doctrine and ceremonies of the Church Where they use these ceremonies First they put him into a new and fresh suit of apparell made after the Russe fashion and set a coronet or in Summer a garland upon his head Then they anoint his head with oyl and put a wax candle light into his hand and so pray over him foure times a day the space of seven dayes All this while he is to abstain from flesh and white meats The seven dayes being ended he is purified and washed in a bathstove and so the eighth day he is brought into the Church where he is taught by the Friers how to behave himself in presence of their idols by ducking down knocking of the head crossing himself and such like gestures which are the greatest part of the Russe religion The Sacrament of the Lords supper they receive but once a year in their great Lent time a little before Easter Three at the most are admitted at one time and never above The manner of their communicating is thus First they confesse themselves of all their sinnes to the Priest whom they call their ghostly father Then they come to the Church and are called up to the Communion table that standeth like an altar a little removed from the upper end of the Church after the Dutch manner Here first they are asked of the Priest whether they be clean or no that is whether they have never a sinne behind that they left unconfessed If they answer No they are taken to the table Where the Priest beginneth with certain usuall prayers the communicants standing in the meanwhile with their arms folded one within another like penitentiaries or mourners When these prayers are ended the Priest taketh a spoon and filleth it full of claret wine then he putteth into it a small piece of bread and tempereth them both together and so delivereth them in the spoon to the Communicants that stand in order speaking the usuall words of the Sacrament Eat this c. Drink this c. both at one time without any pause After that he delivereth them again bread by it self and then wine carded together with a little warm water to represent bloud more rightly as they they think and the water withall that flowed out of the side of Christ. Whiles this is in doing the communicants unfold their arms and then folding them again follow the Priest thrice round about the communion toble and so return to their places again Where having said certain other prayers he dismisseth the communicants with charge to be merry and chear up themselves for the seven dayes next following which being ended he enjoyneth them to fast for it as long time after which they use to observe with very great devotion eating nothing else but bread and salt except a little cabbage and some other herb or root with water or quasse mead for their drink This is their manner of administring the Sacraments Wherein what they differ from the institution of Christ and what ceremonies they have added of their own or rather borrowed of the Greeks may easily be noted CHAP. XVIII Of the doctrine of the Russe Church and what errours it holdeth THeir chiefest errours in matter of faith I find to be these First concerning the word of God it self they will not read publickly certain books of the Canonicall Scripture as the books of Moses specially the foure last Exodus Leviticus Numeri and Deuteronomie which they say are all made disauthentick and put out of use by the coming of Christ as not able to discern the difference betwixt the morall and the ceremoniall law The books of the prophets they allow of but reade them not publickly in their churches for the same reason because they were but directours unto Christ and proper as they say to the nation of the Jews Onely the book of Psalmes they have in great estimation and sing and say them dayly in their Churches Of the new Testament they allow and read all except the Revelation which therefore they read not though they allow it because they understand it not neither have the like occasion to know the fulfilling of the prophesies contained within it concerning especially the apostasie of the Antichristian church as have the Western Churches Notwithstanding they have had their Antichrists of the Greek Church and may find their own falling off and the punishments for it by the Turkish invasion in the prophecies of that book Secondly which is the fountain of the rest of all their corruptions both in doctrine and ceremonies they hold with the Papists that their Church Traditions are of equall authoritie with the written word of God Wherein they preferre themselves before other Churches affirming that they have the true and right traditions delivered by the Apostles to the Greek Church and so unto them 3. That the Church meaning the Greek and specially the Patriarch and his Synod as the head of the rest have a sovereigne authoritie to interpret the Scripture and that all are bound to hold that interpretation as sound and authentick 4. Concerning the divine nature and the three persons in the one substance of God that the holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father onely and not from the Sonne 5. About the office of Christ they hold many foul errours and the same almost as doth the Popish church namely that he is the sole mediatour of redemption but not of intercession Their chief reason if they be talked withall for defence of this errour is that unapt and foolish comparison betwixt God and a Monarch or Prince of this world that must be sued unto by Mediatours about him wherein they give speciall preferment to some above others as to the blessed Virgin whom they call Precheste or undefiled and S. Nicolas whom they call Scora pomosnick or the Speedy helper and say that he hath 300. angels of the chiefest appointed by God to attend upon him This hath brought them to an horrible excesse of idolatry after the grossest and prophanest manner giving unto their images all religious worship of prayer thanksgiving offerings and adoration with prostrating and knocking their heads to the ground before them as to God himself Which because they do to the picture not to the portraiture of the Saint they say they worship not an idol but the Saint in his image and so offend not God forgetting the commandment of God that forbiddeth to make the image or likenesse of any thing for any religious worship or use whatsoever Their church-walls are very full of them richly hanged and set forth with pearl and stone upon the smooth table Though some also they have embossed that stick from the board almost an inch outwards They call them
it as he passeth by it be he Tartar or stranger They are much given to witchcraft and ominous conjectures upon every accident which they heare or see In making of marriages they have no regard of alliance or consanguinitie Onely with his mother sister and daughter a man may not marâ—… and though he take the woman â—…o his house and accompanie with her yet he accounteth her not for his wife till he have a child by her Then he beginneth to take à dowrie of her friends of horse sheep kine c. If she be barren after a certain time he turneth her home again Under the Emperour they have certain Dukes whom they call Morseis or Divoymorseis that rule over a certain number of 10000. 20000 or 40000. a piece which they call hoords When the Emperour hath any use of them to serve in his warres they are bound to come and to bring with them their souldiers to a certain number every man with his two horse at the least the one to ride on the other to kill when it cometh to his turn to have his horse eaten For their chief victuall is horse-flesh which they eat without bread or any other thing with it So that if a Tartar be taken by a Russe he shall be sure lightly to find a horse legge or some other part of him at his saddle bow This last year when I was at the Mosko came in one Kiriach Morsey nephew to the Emperour of the Chrims that now is whose Father was Emperour before accompanied with 300. Tartars and his two wives whereof one was his brothers widdow Where being entertained in very good sort after the Russe manner he had sent unto his lodging for his welcome to be made ready for his supper and his companies two very large and fat horses ready flayed in a sled They preferre it before other flesh because the meat is stronger as they say then beef mutton and such like And yet which is marvell though they serve all as horsemen in the war râ—… and eat all of horse-flesh there are brought yearly to the Mosko to be exchanged for other commodities 30. or 40. thousand Tartar horse which they call Cones They keep also great heards of kine and flocks of black sheep rather for the skinnes and milk which they carry with them in great bottels then for the use of the flesh though sometimes they eat of it Some use they have of rise figs and other fruits They drink milk or â—…n bloud and for the most part â—…d them both together They use sâ—â—etimes as they travell by the way to let their horse bloud in a vein and to drink it warm as it cometh from his body Towns they plant none nor other standing buildings but have walking houses which the Latines call Veji built upon wheels like a shepherds cottage These they draw with them whithersoever they go driving their cattell with them And when they come to their stage or-standing place they plant their cart-houses very orderly in a rank and so make the form of streets and of a large town And this is the manner of the Emperour himself who hath no other seat of his Empire but an Agora or town of wood that moveth with him whithersoever he goeth As for the fixed and standing building used in other countreys they say they are unwholesome and unpleasant They begin to move their houses and cattell in the spring time from the Sâ—…h part of their Countrey towardâ— the North parts And so driving on till they have grased all up to the furthest part Northward they return back again towards their South countrey where they continue all the winter by ten or twelve miles a stage in the mean while the grasse being sprung up again to serve for their cattell as they return From the border of the Shalcan towards the Caspian sea to the Russe frontiers they have a goodly countrey specially on the South and Southeast parts but lost for lack of tillage Of money they have no use at all and therefore preferre brasse and steel before other mettals specially bullate which they use for swords knives and other necessaries As for gold and silver they neglect it of very purpose as they do all tillage of their ground to be more free for their wandring kind of life and to keep their countrey lesse subject to invasions Which giveth them great advantage against all their neighbours ever invading and never being invaded Such as have taken upon them to invade their Countrâ—â— as of old time Cyrus and Darius Hyâ—aspis on the East and Southeast side have done it with very ill successe as we â—…d in the stories written of those times For their manner is when any will invade them to allure and draw them on by flying and reculing as if they were afraid till they have drawn them some good way within their countrey Then when they begin to want victuall and other necessaries as needs they must where nothing is to be had to stop up the passages and inclose them with multitudes By which stratagem as we read in Laonicue Chalcacondylas in his Turkish storie they had welnigh surprised the great and huge armie of Tamerlan but that he retired with all speed he could towards the river Tanais or Don not without great losse of his men and carriages In the storie of Pachymerius the Greek which he wrote of the Emperours of Constantinople from the beginning of the reigne of Michael Palaeologus to the time of Andronicus the elder I remember he telleth to the same purpose of one Nogas a Tartarian captain under Cazan the Emperour of the East Tartars of whom the citie and kingdome of a zan may seem to have taken the denomination who refused a present of pearl and other jewels sent unto him from Michael Palaeologus asking withall for what use they served and whether they were good to keep away sicknesse death or other misfortunes of this life or no. So that it seemeth they have ever or long time been of that mind to value things no further then by the use and necessitie for which they serve For person and complexion they have broad and flat visages of a tanned colour into yellow and black fierce and cruell looks thin haired upon the upper lip and pit of the chinne light and nimble bodied with short legs as if they were made naturally for horsemen whereto they practise themselves from their childhood seldome going afoot about any businesse Their speech is very sudden and loud speaking as it were out of a deep hollow throat When they sing you would think a cow lowed or some great bandogge howled Their greatest exercise is shooting wherein they train up their children from their very infancie not suffering them to eat till they have shot near the mark within a certain scantling They are the very same that sometimes were called Scythae Nomades or the Scythian Shepherds by the Greeks and Latines Some think that the Turks took their
beginning from the nation of the Chrim Tartars Of which opinion is Laonicus Chalcocondylas the Greek Historiographer in his first book of his Turkish storie Wherein he followeth divers very probable conjectures The first taken from the very name it self for that the word Turk signifieth a shepherd or one that followeth a vagrant and wild kind of life By which name these Scythian Tartars have ever been noted being called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Scythian shepherds His second reason because the Turks in his time that dwelt in Asia the lesse to wit in Lydia Coria Phrygia and Cappadocia spake the very same language that these Tartars did that dwelt betwixt the river Tanais or Don and the countrey of Sarmatia which as is well known are these Tartars called Chrims At this time also the whole nation of the Turks differ not much in their common speech from the Tartar language Thirdly because the Turk and the Chrim Tartar agree so well together as well in religion as in matter of traffick never invading or injuring one another save that the Turk since Laonicus his time hath encroched upon some towns upon the Euxin sea that before pertained to the Chrim Tartar Fourthly because Ortogules sonne to Oguzalpes and father to Otoman the first of name of the Turkish nation made his first rodes out of those parts of Asia upon the next borderers till he came towards the countreys about the hill Taurus where he overcame the Greeks that inhabited there and so enlarged the name and territorie of the Turkish nation till he came to Eubea and Attica and other parts of Greece This is the opinion of Laonicus who lived among the Turks in the time of Amurat the sixth Turkish Emperour about the year 1400. when the memorie of their originall was more fresh and therefore the likelier he was to hit the truth There are divers other Tartars that border upon Russia as the Nagaies the Cheremissens the Mordwites the Chircasses and the Sbalcans which all differ in name more then in regiment or other condition from the Chrim Tartar except the Chircasses that border Southwest towards Lituania and are farre more civil then the rest of the Tartars of a comely person and of a stately behaviour as applying themselves to the fashion of the Polonian Some of them have subjected themselves to the kings of Poland and professe Christianitie The Nagay lieth Eastward and is reckoned for the best man of warre among all the Tartars but very savage and cruel above all the rest The Cheremissen Tartar that lieth betwixt the Russe and the Nagay are of two sorts the Lugavoy that is of the valley and the Nagornay or of the hillie countrey These have much troubled the Emperours of Russia And therefore they are content now to buy peace of them under pretence of giving a yearly pension of Russe commodities to their Morseis or Divoymorseis that are chief of their tribes For which also they are bound to serve them in their warres under certain conditions They are said to be just and true in their dealings and for that cause they hate the Russe people whom they account to be double and false in all their dealing And therefore the common sort are very unwilling to keep agreement with them but that they are kept in by their Morseis or Dukes for their pensions sake The most rude and barbarous is counted the Mordwite Tartar that hath many self-fashions and strange kinds of behaviour differing from the rest For his religion though he acknowledge one god yet his manner is to worship for god that living thing that he first meeteth in the morning and to swear by it all that whole day whether it be horse dog cat or whatsoever else it be When his friend dieth he killeth his best horse and having flayed off the skin he carrieth it on high upon a long pole before the corps to the place of buriall This he doth as the Russe saith that his friend may have a good horse to carrie him to heaven but it is likelier to declare his love towards his dead friend in that he will have to die with him the best thing that he hath Next to the kingdome of Astracan that is the furthest part South-eastward of the Russe dominion lieth the Shalcan and the countrey of Media whither the Russe merchants trade for raw silks syndon saphion skins and other commodities The chief towns of Media where the Russe tradeth are Derbent built by Alexander the great as the inhabitants say and Zamachie where the staple is kept for raw silks Their manner is in the Spring-time to revive the silk-worms that lie dead all the Winter by laying them in the warm sunne and to hasten their quickning that they may sooner go to work to put them into bags and so to hang them under their childrens arms As for the worm called Chrinisin as we call it chrymson that maketh coloured silk it is bred not in Media but in Assyria This trade to Derbent Samachie for raw silks and other commodities of that countrey as also into Persiae and Bougharia down the riuer Volgha and through the Caspian sea is permitted as well to the English as to the Russe merchants by the Emperours last grant at my being there Which he accounteth for a very speciall favour and might prove indeed very beneficiall to our English merchants if the trade were well and orderly used The whole nation of the Tartars are utterly void of all learning and without written Law Yet certain rules they have which they hold by tradition common to all the Hoords for the practice of their life Which are of this sort 1. To obey their Emperour and other Magistrates whatsoever they command about the publick service 2. Except for the publick behoof every man to be free and out of controllment 3. No private man to possesse any lands but the whole countrey to be as a common 4. To neglect all daintinesse and varietie of meats and to content themselves with that which cometh next to hand for more hardnesse and readinesse in the executing of their affairs 5. To wear any base attire and to patch their clothes whether there be any need or not that when there 〈◊〉 need it be no shame to wear a patcht coat 6. To take or steal from any stranger whatsoever they can get as being enemies to all men save to such as will subject themselves to them 7. Towards their own hoord and nation to be true in word and in deed 8. To suffer no stranger to come within the Realm If any do the same to be bondslave to him that first taketh him except such merchants and other as have the Tartar Bull or pasport about them CHAP. XX. Of the Permians Samoites and Lappes THe Permians and Samoites that lie from Russia North and Northeast are thought likewise to have taken their beginning from the Tartar kind And it may partly be ghessed by the fashion of