himself most abstinent and uncorrupt for of all that wealth those goods and ornaments wherewith Corinth was mightily enriched there came not one parcell into his house Quintus Caecilius Metellus triumphed for the conquest of Andriscus and Publius Cornelius Scipio Affricanus Aemylianus likewise over Carthage and Asdruball Viriatus in Spaine first of an heardman became an hunter and of a hunter prooved to bee a very theefe and robber and within a while after was chosen Generall of a complete and maine armie and seized to his owne use all Portugall He took prisoner M. Vitilius the Pretor when he had first discomfited his hoast in the field After whom C. Plautius the Pretour sped no better in fight This enemie so terrified the Romanes that to make head against him they found it necessarie to employ a full consular armie and a Consull commander Moreover in this booke be recorded the troubles of Syria and the warres between the kings Alexander an obscure person and base borne having staine as is beforesaid Demetrius the king reigned in Syria Him Demetrius the son of Demetrius slew by the help of Ptolomaeus king of Aegypt whose daughter Cleopatra he had espoused and married This Demetrius in times past had bene sent out of the way into Gnidos by his father fearing the doubtfull chaunces of the war and he entred upon this action by occasion of the contemptible sloth and cowardise of the said Alexander Ptolomeus was grievously wounded in the head and in the cure whiles the Chirurgians went about to trypanize the bones of his skull died under their hand And in his stead Ptolomeus his younger brother who reigned in Cyrenae succeeded and tooke upon him the crowne Demetrius for his crueltie which he exercised upon his people by racking and other torments was vanquished in battaile by Diodorus one of his owne subjects who made claime to the kingdome in the right and title of Alexanders sonne a young child hardly two yeeres old whereupon he fled to Seleucia Lucius Mummius triumphed over the Achaeans in which solemnitie he carried in pompeous shew sundrie images as well of brasse as marble besides pictures and peinted tables Of the LIII booke APpius Claudius the Consull subdued the Salassians a nation inhabiting the Alpes A second Mock-Philip there was in Macedonie who by L. Tremellius the treasurer was with his army defeated and slaine Q. Cecilius Metellus the Pro-consul gave the Celtiberians an overthrow The most part of Portugal was regained by Q. Fabius the Pro consull and many cities therof by assault forced C. Iulius a Senator by calling wrate the Romane historie in the Greeke tongue Of the L IIII. booke QVintus Pompeius the Consull subdued the Termeslines in Spaine with whome verily as also with the Numantines by occasion of his infirmitie and sicklinesse he concluded peace Are-view and numbring of the citizens was taken by the Censors wherein were enrolled foure hundred twentie eight thousand three hundred fortie two polls At what time as the Macedonian embassadours came to complaine of D. Iunius Syllanus the lord deputie over them for that hee tooke their money and neverthelesse made an havocke of the province and thereupon the Senate was willing to have the hearing of their complaints T Manlius Torquatus the father of Syllanus exhibited a request and obtained that the inquirie and decision of such a matter as this might bee referred over and committed unto him And after he had sitten upon this commission at home in his own house and found his sonne guiltie he both condemned him and put him away nay when afterwards as hee had hanged himselfe for that was his end he would not be so much as present at his funerall but according to his ordinarie manner and custome sat in his house attending all clients and commers to him for counsell Q. Fabius the Proconsull after he had managed the warres in Spain right prosperously marred all with this foule blot and spot of dishonour in that he contracted a peace with Viriatus upon even and equal conditions This Viriatus by a practise complotted by Servilius Caepio was trecherously murdered by traitors and of his own armie was much bewailed At his death he was rung out of this world with a notable peale of farewell and right honorably enterred an excellent man and most brave captaine for the space of thirteene yeeres during which time he warred with the Romanes and ever for the most part went away with the winning hand Of the LV. booke VVHiles P. Cornelius Nasica who by way of mockerie was surnamed Serapio by scoffing Curatius a Tribune of the Commons D. Iunius Brutus the Consul took the musters there happened in the very sight of the new and raw souldior an occurrent of great consequence for example sake exceeding profitable For C. Matienus was iudicially accused before the Tribunes of the Commons for that he had abandoned and forsaken his owne armie in Spaine whereupon he being convict was condemned and scourged a long while with rods carrying a forke or crosse upon his shoulders and in the end sold as a slave for a small peece of silver of three halfepence farthing cue The Tribunes of the Commons because they might be allowed to exempt from militarie service tenne souldiors apeece whom it pleased them to chuse commaunded the Consuls to prison Iun. Brutus the Consul whiles he was in Spaine endued those soldiors who had served under Viriatus with land and living and gave them a towne to inhabit called Valentia M. Popilius together with his armie was soiled and put to the rout by the Numantines with whom the peace that was concluded the Senate had passed an act that it should not stand in force The occasion was this As C. Mancinus the Consull was devoutly sacrificing the sacred chickens chaunced to flie away out of their cage or coupe Afterwards as he was about to take sea and goe a shipboord for to passe over into Spain there happened a voice to be heard saying Stay Stay Mancinus These proved in the effect to be unfortunate and heavie presages unto Mancinus for he received an overthrow at the Numantines hands and was turned cleane out of his camp And seeing no-hope els to save his armie he entred into a dishonorable peace with them but the Senat expresly revoked and annulled the same 30000 Romans were defeited by 4000 Numantines no more D. Iunius made a generall conquest of all Portugall even as far as to the Ocean by forcing and sacking their citties and strong townes and when his soldiors were loth to passe over the river Oblivio hee caught up a banner from the port-ensigne and carried it over with him and by this means persuaded them to go through Alexanders son king of Syria a child not above ten yeers old at the most was trecherously murdered by Diodorus his guardian or protector surnamed Tryphon There were physicians by corruption bribed suborned to give it out and beare
new Infanterie as in his old cavallerie and in a set pitched field on even ground was able to meet the Carthaginian with banner displaied and give him the foile in a full battaile The comming of the kings Embassadors into spaine was to the Romanes also a matter of great consequence and importance for upon the rumour and fame that went thereof the Numidians began to fall away apace and to come thicke unto the Romanes Thus were the Romanes joyned in amitie and friendship with king Syphax When the Carthaginians had intelligence of this new alliance they addressed immediatly their embassadours to Gala who reigned in another part of Numidia over a nation called Massyla This Gala had a sonne named Masanissa of seventeen yeares of age but a youth of such towardnesse and so forward in vertue that even then hee made good and apparant shew that he would another day enlarge his dominion and make a more flouring and mightie kingdome than his father should leave it unto him These Embassadors declared unto Gala that for as much as Syphax had entred league and was banded with the Romanes to the end that by their alliance and societie he might be more mightie and puissant against other kings nations of Affricke it were also better for him and much more commodious to joyne with the Carthaginians in all convenient speed before that either Syphax passed over into Spaine or the Romanes into Affricke And Syphax say they may soone be defeated and overthrown now while that hee hath gained naught yet but the bare name of the Romane league Gala was soone persuaded to send a power of men especially at the earnest instance of his son who was very desirous of that war and to have the mannaging therof He with the helpe of the Carthaginian legions vanquished Syphax gave him a great overthrow So as at that field there were slain by report in one day thirtie thousand Syphax himselfe in person with some few Numidian horsemen fled backe to the Maurisians that inhabit the farthest coasts hard upon the Ocean over-against Gades But the Barbarous people at the same of his comming so resorted in great numbers to him out of all parts that in a short space hee was able to arme mightie host And before he could with them crosse ouer into Spaine which was divided from Affricke with a narrow arme of the sea Masanissa was come with his victorious armie who in that place of himselfe without any help or aid of the Carthaginians gave Syphax battaile to his great honour and singular glorie In Spaine no memorable exploit was atchieved but that the Romane Generals allured and drew to them the able and serviceable manhood of the Celtiberians for the same hire and stipend that they bargained for with the Carthaginians and sent from thence above three hundred Spaniards of the noblest parentage into Italie to solicite their countrimen who served under Anniball as auxiliaries to follow them and take part with the Romanes This onely touching the affaires of Spaine that yeare is a thing worthie to bee noted and remembred That the Romans never waged soldiour to serve in their war before that time when the Celtiberians began to be their mercenaries and first received pay THE XXV BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the five and twentith Booke PVublius Cornelius Scipio surnamed afterwards Africanus was made Aedile before he was of Lawfull yeares Anniball woon the citie Tarentum all but the castle into which the Romane garison was retired by meanes of certain young Tarentine gentlemen who had made semblance that they went by night a hunting The solemne plaies in the honour of Apollo were now first instituted upon occasion of certaine propheticall verses of Martius wherin the overthrow at Cannae had been foretold Q. Fulvius and App. Claudius Consull sought fortunatly against Hanno a Duke or captaine of the Carthaginians T. Sempronius Gracchus the Proconsull was by a Lueane his host that gave him entertainment trained into the danger of an ambush and slaine by Mago Centenius Penula who had served in the warres as a Centurion having made sent unto the Senate to have the leading of an armie and promised if this petition were graunted to win the victorie of Anniball and to vanquish him tooke the charge of eight thousand footmen and gave battaile to Anniball but hee was slaine himselfe and his whole armie defeited and put to the sword Cn. Fulvius the Pretour fought unfortunately against Anniball and lost the field in which fight there died sixteene thousand men Himselfe with two hundred horsemen fled and escaped Capua was besieged by Q. Fulvius and App. Claudius the Consuls Claudius Marcellus in the third year of the siege wan Syracusa and bare himselfe in that service like a worthie and noble knight In that tumult and burliburlie when the citie was newly taken Archimedes whiles he was busily occupied about certaine Geometricall figures and forms that he had drawne in the dust was killed The two Scipions Pub. and Cornel. after so many and so worthie exploits performed fortunately in Spaine came to a wofull and bearie end being themselves slaine there with the losse welneere of their whole armies in the eight year after that they went into Spain And the maine possession of that province had beene quite lost but for the singular manhood and industrie of L. Matius a knight of Rome who having rallied and gathered together the remnants of the armies so encouraged them that by their valiant service two severall encamped holds of the enemies were woon seven and thirtie thousand of the enemies slaine and eighteene hundred taken prisoners and a great rich bootie obtained Wherupon he was called Captaine Martius WHiles these affaires thus passed in Affricke and in Spaine Anniball emploied the summer season in the territorie of Tarentum in hope by treason to be maister of the cittie of the Tarentines In which meane while certaine base cities of the Salentines and townes of no importance revolted unto him And at the same time of those 12 States of the Brutij which the yeare before had turned banded with the Carthaginians the Consentines and Thurines were rallied wholly again to the devotion of the people of Rome And more of them had returned likewise but for L. Pomponius Veientanus captain of the allies who after he had made certaine rodes into the countrey of the Brutij and sped his hand well with many booties tooke upon him the countenance of a sufficient Colonell and was no lesse reputed and having gathered a power of men suddainly in hast without good advisement fought with Hanno In which conflict a mightie multitude of his men were either slaine or taken prisoners But as good hap was they were but a disordered unruly rable of rusticall clownes and bondslaves and the least losse of all other was the captaine himselfe who amongst the rest was taken captive
when they would charge upon them When it was day the Romanes being in heart and fresh as having slept their sill came forth and embattailed themselves and at the first shocke discomsired the Volscians wearied with long standing and overwatched withall And yet the enemies rather gave ground and retired themselves than seemed to be driven from their standings because they had at their backes certaine hils whereunto they might retire behind the Principia and not breake their rancks and so save themselves The Consull seeing hee was come to a place of disadvantage made a stand The footmen hardly would be staied calling and crying to the Consull to follow upon them seeing they were discomsited The horsemen were more eager riding all about the Consull and with open mouth cried out that they would advance before the ensignes Whiles the Consul held off in a mathmering what to do for as he was assured of the valour of his souldiours so hee finally trusted the ground they all at once set up a shout that they would set forward come what would and as they cried so did they in good earnest And pitching their javelins fast in the ground that they might more nimblie get up the sleepe place they tooke their full feese and ran up the hill The Volscians having in their first brunt spent all their darts and other shot which they had let flie and made no spare tooke up stones that lay under their feet let drive at the Romans as they clambe up and so thicke and threefold they bestowed them that they annoied them sore and beat them downe the hill Thus the left wing of the Romanes was welneere overcharged had not the Consul at the point when as they were readie to recule blamed them first for their rashnesse and then for their cowardise and made them for very shame to shake off all feare First they stood to it stoutly kept their ground and after as their strength served them considering the vantage of the place which the enemies had gotten they adventured to set foot forward and won ground with a fresh shout and outcrie And taking their heire againe the second time they straine all they can and at length overcame the disadvantage of the place Now when they were almost at the point to win the very pitch and ridge of the hill the enemies turned backe Whiles they ran on heapes in disaray both they that fled and they that followed happened both at once in one companie into the enemies campe which in that fright was won The Volscians as many of them as could escape ran as fast as their legs would carie them to Antium And to Antium likewise was the Roman armie conducted and after a few daies siege was surrendred upon no fresh new force of assault but for that presently upon their unfortunat conflict and losse of the campe their harts were done and utterly quailed THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the third Booke SEditions about the lawes Agraria The Capitoll taken and held by banished persons and slaves They were slain it recovered A survey and Cessment was taken twise In the former there were found of Roman citizens 124214 besides orphane children and such as had no children at all as well men as women In the other following there were 132419. Vpon a great overthrow received in the war against the AEquians L. Quintus Cincinnatus was made Dictator being in the country at his farme busie about his husbandrie was sent for to the conduct of that war He vanquished and subdued the enemies The number of the Tribunes of the Commons arose to ten thirtie sixe yeares after their first institution The lawes of Athens were set from thence by Embassadours sent for that purpose to the establishing and publishing wherof there were ten personages elected in the roome of Consuls which were called Decemvirs without any other Magistrates and this happened in the three hundred and second yeare after the foundation of Rome And as the government of the state was translated from kings to Consuls so was it now from the Consuls to the Decemvirs They having proposed ten tables of lawes and borne themselves modestly in that high dignitie were therefore by the consent of the people permitted to remaine still in office the second yeare But after they had committed many insolent parts they would not give over their roome of Magistracie but held it still the third yeare untill such time as their obstinate and intollerable rule came to an end occasioned by the filthie lust of Appius Claudius who being in amoured upon a virgine suborned one to make claime unto her as his bondslave wherupon her father Virginius was driven of necessitie to catch up a knife from a butchers stall next by and to kill his daughter as having no other meanes to save her from the hands of him that purposed to abuse her bodie unlawfully The Commons upon this soule example of filthie 〈◊〉 made an insurrection and tooke the mount Aventine for their hold and compelled the Decemvirs to leave their place and give over their government Of whom Appius and one of his collegues which two had principally deserved punishment were committed to prison and there kept the rest were driven into banishment This booke containeth besides the victorious warres against the Sabines Volscians and AEquians And the unhonest abusement or award of the people of Rome who being chosen Arbitrators betweene the Ardeats and the Aricines awarded to themselves the land where about the strife and controversie was AFter the winning of Antium T. Acmilius and Q. Fabius were created Consâ—â—ls This was that Fabius that onely remained alive of all the name that perished at Gremera Now had Aemilius in his former Consulship persuaded to distribute certaine lands among the Commons And therfore in this second likewise both the favorers of the law Agraria were in good hope of the foresaid law and also the Tribunes supposing verelie that now by the helpe of a Consull that might be brought about and obtained which oftentimes had beene enterprised against the pleasure of the Consuls tooke the matter in hand and gave the attempt and withall the Consull still continued in the same mind But the great landed men and many of the Nobles finding themselves grieved and complaining that the chiefe and head magistrate of the citie busied himselfe with the Tribunes suits was by large giving away of other mens possessions become popular and gratious with the people turned the whole burthen and odious heavie load of this action from the Tribunes upon the Consull his head And a cruell broile was toward had not Fabius by a device and pollicie to neither partie offensive made an end of the matter with expedition For whereas there was certaine lands gotten by conquest from the Volscians the yeare afore under the conduct of T. Quintius There might said
to accuse the great pride and insolencie of the Nobles but especially he inveighed against the Consuls regiment as being too absolute and in a free state intollerable For in name only quoth he lesse odious and hatefull it is than that of the KK but in fact in very deed more grienous and cruell For why In steed of one lord the cittie hath received twaine and those having authoritie beyond all measure unlimited and infinite who being themselves at their owne libertie and vnbrideled turned the edge of all streight and dreadfull lawes year and the rigor of all punishment against the Commons But least this their licentiousnesse should continue for ever he was minded to preferred and publish a law by vertue where of there should be five men created who should set downe certaine conditions to limit and gage the authoritie of the Consuls and looke what authoritie and comission the people graunted out over them the same should the Consull exercise and no more and not rule of themselves and vse their owne will and licencious lust in steede of law This act being once published and the Nobles fearing least whiles the Consuls were away they should be taken downe and yoked Quin. Fabrus President of the Cittie assembled the Senate who so bitterly and sharply inueighed against the law and the law-giuer himselfe that if both the Consuls themselves had stood about the Tribune of purpose to contradict and crosse his proceedings there had been no threats nor terrible menaces left for them to have thundred out For he laid sore vnto his charge that he had lien in waite and now having spied the time to fit his purpose had given the venture to assaile the C. W. and the State And in case the gods in their wrathfull displeasure had sent among them such a Tribune as hee the yeare before togither with warre and pestilence there had ben no remedie then but he must have had his way and then they had beene all undone For when the Consuls both were dead and the cittie lay bedrid as it were in a miserable confusion of all things he would have made lawes then indeede to the utter abolishing of the Consuls authoritie out of the Commonwealth and beene a ringleader to Volscians and Aequians both for to have assaulted the cittie For what might not hee have lawfully done by vertue of his place If the Consuls had either proudly or cruelly proceeded against any one Cittizen hee might have entered an Action against them and convented them forsooth before those verie Iudges of whome peraduenture some one had beene by them hardlie dealt withall This would have beene the course and ende of it And hee that thus did should not cause the Consuls authoritie and rule but the Tribunes power to become odious and intollerable which having beene of late well quieted and reconciled unto the Nobles began now afresh to come unto the old biace and to be troublesome againe Neither intreated hee him not to goe on still as he had begun But ye my masters qd Fabius that are the rest of the Tribunes we would request you to consider well this one point especially That this power you have was brought in for the succour and releefe of everie particular person and not to the generall prejudice and undoing of all Againe that ye are created Tribunes of the Commons not enemies of the Nobles A heavie and lamentable case it is to us odious and hatefull unto you and will breed you much ill will and displeasure in case the C. W. now forlorn should thus be invaded assailed Yee shall leese nothing of your owne right I assure you nay you shall avoid much mislike and hatred of men in case ye be in hand and deale with your brother Tribune to put off this matter and deferre it wholly until the Consuls comming Why the verie Aequians and Volscians themselves the last yeare when both our Consuls were dead of the plague preased not hardlie upon us to prosecute any proud cruell war against us So the Tribunes communed and persuaded with Terentillus and this his commensed suit or action being adjourned in outward shew but in verie truth let fall quite and disanulled the Consuls forthwith were sent for home Lucretius returned enriched with a right great bootie but with far greater honor and renowne Who at his verie first comming wan himselfe more glorie by laying abroad in Mars field all the prises that everie man for three daies space might know his owne and have it away All the rest that had no owners to come forth and make claime was sold in port-sale By all mens consent the Consull was thought worthie of triumph howbeit that matter was put off by reason that the Tribune had not yet done with his law which was the thing that the Consull thought meet should be first regarded The matter was debated and treated for certaine daies both in the Senate and also before the people At last the Tribune yeelded to the majestic of the Consull and gave it over Then was due honor rendred both to the Generall and also to the armie accordingly He triumphed over the Volscians and Aequians and in his triumph his owne legions followed after him To the other Consull granted it was that he should in a kind of triumph called Ovatio ride into the citie but without his soldiors The yeare next ensuing the law Terentilla was by the whole colledge or fellowship of the Tribunes revived and propounded againe which put the new Consuls P. Volumnius and Ser. Sulpitius to some trouble And in the same yeare the skie semed to be on a light fire and there was an exceeding earthquake And that which the yeare afore was no credit given unto was now for truth beleeved to wit That a cow did speake Among other strange wonders it rained flesh during which showre a huge number of foules flew among and were reported to have snatcht it and caried it away as it was in falling But that which fell downe and escaped their tallons lay scattered here and there for certaine daies in such sort as the sent changed not at all nor the flesh one jot taken and corrupted Then the bookes of Sibylla were perused by the Duumvirs deputed over matters of religion who foretold of some dangers to ensue by a companie of strangers and gave warning to look least happily some assault should be made upon the highest places of the citie and thereof a slaughter massacre ensue Amongst the rest warning was given to abstaine from civile discord and mutinies which the Tribunes found fault with as a devised matter to hinder the law Wherupon great debate and contention was like presentlie to grow But behold that the revolution and course of troubles might turne about everie yeare to the same point The Herniks bring newes that the Volscians and Aequians for all their wings were well clipped and their forces greatly decaied began to gather and leavie new armies Item That
and from thence being frighted with the stirre and noyse of the dwellers by cast himselfe downe Moreover there was seene in the welkin or element the resemblance of a navie of ships and the temple of Lady Spes standing in the hearbe market was smitten with lightning Likewise at Lanuvium the speare of Iuno shooke and brandished of it selfe and a Raven flew into Iunoes church and lighted upon the very Shrine or Alter of Iuno In the territorie of Amiternum in many places were seene men as it were in white garments but only a farre off for as folke went neerer and neerer they appeared not and could not be met withall In Picenum it rained stones and at Cere the lots were found diminished and in Gaule a VVolfe drew forth a watchman his sword out of his scaberd and caryed it away For other prodigious tokens order was given to the Decemvirs to peruse the books of Sibylla But for the raining of stones in Picenum there was ordeined a Novendial feast for nine dayes and for the expiation of the other prodigies the whole citie in manner was occupied in their devotions And now above all other things the citie was solemnly purged and greater beasts killed in sacrifice in the honor of those gods for whom they were ordeined and a present of gold weighing 40 pound was caried unto Iuno at Lanuvium And the dames and matrons of Rome erected a molten image of brasse for Iuno in Aventinum at Caere where the lots were diminished was appointed a Lectisterne and a procession or supplication to Fortune in Algidum At Rome also there was a Lectisterne solemnified to Iuventa the goddesse of youth and a solemne procession at the church of Hercules Moreover expresse commaundement was given to all the people to make procession and supplication at every altar and Shrine of their gods And to god Genius they sacrificed five greater beasts And C. Attilius Serranus the Pretor was commaunded to pronounce a solemne vow in case the Commonweale continued in the same good estate ten yeares and decayed not These portentuous prodigies thus expiated and vowes made according to Sibyls bookes eased mens hearts mightily of their religious feare Then one of the elect Consuls to wit Flaminius to whome were allotted those Legions which wintered at Placentia sent an Edict with letters to the Consull that the armie should bee in campe at Ariminum upon the Ides of March His purpose was to enter into his Consulship in the province remembring the old contentions and debates which hee had with the Nobles first when hee was a Tribune of the Com. and afterwards when he was Cos. as wel about the Consulship of which they would have deprived him as also about the triumph which they denied him Hated he was besides of the Senate for the new Act or Law which Q. Claudius a Tribune of the Commons had made so prejudiciall to the Senate and onely C. Flaminius of all the Nobles supported it and set it forward namely That no Senator or father of a Senator should have a ship at sea bearing above 300 Amphores for that was thought sufficient to transport their commodities and fruits to Rome rising out of their lands and livings And as for all other gaine by trafficke it was not beseeming a Nobleman and Senator This matter having been debated with great contention caused the proposer of this law Flaminius to incur much evill will and displeasure with the Nobilitie but it procured him the affection and love of the Commons and in processe of time a second Consulship Supposing therefore that with iterating the Auspices and putting him to take the presages anew by the flight of birds and by finding other delaies upon occasion of the Latine holy daies and one businesse or other belonging to the Consuls charge they would detaine and keepe him backe still in the cittie he set a countenance as though hee would take a journey like a private person and so departed secretly into the Province Which thing when it was once blazed abroad made the Nobles who were afore maliciously bent against him to be angrie anew and they gave out that it was not the Senate onely that C. Flaminius warred against but the immorrall gods also For hee who before time had been made Cos. without regard of taking Auspices and having the approbation of the birds when he was reclaimed and called both by God and man out of the field obeied not and now having a heavie conscience surcharged with offences past hath fled from the Capitoll and the solemne nuncupation making of vowes for that he would not upon the ordinarie day of entering his Magistracie visite the Temple of Iup. Opt. Max. nor because he was odious to the Senate and they likewise hated of him alone see them and aske their advise and counsaile nor proclaime the Latine holydayes and celebrate to Iup. Latialis the solemne yearely sacrifice upon the Alban hill ne yet after he had entred into the Capitoll by the luckie flight and token of birds pronounce his vowes there and depart from thence in his rich coate-armor toward the province They sayd moreover that he was slipt and stolne secretly away like a drudge that followeth the camp without the ensignes and ornaments of authoritie without Sergeants and officers as if hee had bene banished and so left his countrie minding belike to enter his governement more for the honor and dignitie of Ariminum than of Rome and to put upon him his purple robe of estate embrodred with skarlet rather in an hostelrie and common Inne than in his owne house They all every one opined and judged that he should be recalled and brought back againe peremptorily yea and be forced personally at home to performe all duties belonging to God and man before that he went forth to the province and to the armie About this embassage for they thought meete to send embassadors went Q. Terentius and M. Antislius but they prevailed no more than in his former Consulship the letters missive had done which were sent from the Senate A few dayes after he entred his office and as he was sacrificing the calfe or yong bullock being alreadie stickt got away from the hands of the sacrificers spotted many of the standers by with bloud But they that stood farre off not knowing what the matter was of that sturre fled away and ran too and fro which of most men was judged a foretoken and presage of some great affright and trouble After this when he had received the two legions of Sempronius the Consull of the yeare before and other two of C. Attilius the Pretor hee began to conduct his armie into Tuskane by the way of Apenninum THE XXII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the two and twentith Booke ANniball came into Hetruria after he had lost one of his eies by occasion of continuall watching
these teares of yours and weeping that you make is absurd and nothing to the purpose Then should yee have wept and shed teares when our armour and weapons were taken from us when our ships were set on fire when wee were interdicted and forbidden to make warre with forraine nations for then had wee our deadly blow then our backes and hearts were broken And never thinke that the Romanes have proceeded hardly against you in comparison of the hatred that ye bare one to another No great citie mightie State can long continue and rest in quiet If it have no enemies abroad it findeth some at home much like unto strong and lustie bodies which seeming sure ynough against all outward accidents and causes of sicknesse are overcharged with their owne strength and fulnesse of humours and thereby subject to most deadly maladies So much forsooth and no more we feele of the publicke miseries and common calamities as toucheth and concerneth our selves in particular wherein nothing pincheth us more nor goeth neerer to the quicke than to for go our monie and part with our pence And therefore when Carthage was conquered and despoiled of all her auncient honours when yee saw her disarmed and stripped naked when yee saw her forlorne of all the armed nations of Affricke no man then sighed no man groned thereat but now when the tribute imposed is to be paied out of your private purses yee keepe a weeping and wailing as in some publicke funerall and mortuarie carried forth But alas I feare me greatly that ere it be long yee shall find and feele That your weeping this day hath been for the least losse of all the rest Thus spake Anniball to the Carthaginians Scipio having assembled his whole armie together before them all restored Masanissa to his fathers kingdome and over and besides endued him with the possession of the citie Cirtha and other townes and territories which belonged to the realme of Syphax and were now in subjection to the people of Rome Vnto Cn. Octavius he gave order to conduct the fleet into Sicilie and there to make it over to Cn. Cornelius the Consull The Carthaginian embassadours he willed to goe to Rome that those acts and capitulations which were concluded by him with the advise of the ten Commissioners might likewise passe under the approbation of the Senat the consent of the people and so be ratified and confirmed for ever Thus Scipio having obtained peace both by sea and land and embarked his armie failed toward Sicilie and arrived at Lilybaeum From whence he sent away a great part of his armie by sea and himselfe passed by land through Italie which now was joifull as well for the peace concluded as the victorie atchieved Where all the way as hee went not onely the people came forth in multitudes out of the cities to do him honor but numbers also of the countrie peasants out of the villages filled all the high waies along untill he came to Rome where he entred the citie riding in the most stately and magnificent triumph that ever had been Hee brought into the citie chamber 100033 pound weight of silver He divided among his souldiors out of the spoile four hundred Asses apeece Syphax by his death rather disappointed the people of a goodly shew pageant in the triumph than diminished any whit the glorie of the triumpher hee died at Tybut not long afore to which place he had been removed from Alba howbeit his death was not obscure by reason that he was solemnly caried to his buriall with the pompe of a publicke funerall at the charges of the citie But Polybius a writer of good account reporteth That this K. was led in the very triumph As Scipio rode triumphant Q. Terentius Cullco followed after with a cap of libertie set upon his head and ever after so long as hee lived hee honoured him as beseeming it was and acknowledged him the author of his freedome But as concerning his surname Africanus I cannot for certaine learne whether it were the favour of his souldiours first or the affectionate love of the people afterwards that brought it up or rather began upon some of his owne house and linage that courted and flattered him therewith like as in our fathers daies Sulla was surnamed Faelix and Pompeius Magnus This is certaine that he was the first Generall that ever tooke his name of the countrie and nation by himselfe subdued and thereby was renowned But by his example afterwards others nothing comparable to him in victorie and conquest woon goodly titles and glorious inscriptions to their images and honoured their houses with noble stiles and additions THE XXXI BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the one and thirtith Booke THe causes of the warre began againe with Philip king of Macedonic which had discontinued are set downe to be these In the time of the holie feast of Ceres two yong men of Acainania who had not been prosessed in those sacred mysteries came to Athens and chaunced among other of their countrimen to goe into the chappel of Ceres For which as if they had committed some hainous fact in the highest degree they were by the Athenians executed The Acarnanians moved with indignation for the death of their neighbors required aid of Philip to be revenged for them Some few moneths after peace granted to the Carthaginians in the five hundred and fiftieth year from the foundation of the citie of Rome when the Embassadours of the Athenians who now were besieged by Philip craved aid of the Senate and they were of advise and resolved to helpe them not withstanding the Commons gainesaid it by reason that they thought the continuall troubles of so many wars were greevous and bravie unto them yet so sarre prevailed the authoritie of the nobles that the people also gave their consent to succom their consederate cittie This warre was committed to the managing of P. Sulpitius the Consull who led an armie into Macedonie and sâ—ought certaine battailes fortunatly against Philip which were performed by horse-service The Abydons being invested and beleaguered round about by Philip following the example of the Saguntines slue their wives and children and their owneselves after them L. Furius the Pretour overthrew in a pight field the Gaules called Insubres that rebelled and likewise Amilcar the Carthaginian who began to make war in those parts where Amilcar was slaine and with him five and thirâ—ie thousand men Moreover this booke containeth the expeditions and voiages of king Philip and Sulpitius the Consull and the winning of certaine citties by than both Sulpitius the Consull warred with the helpe of king Attalus and the Rhodians L. Furius the Pretor triumphed over the Gaules FVll well apaied am I likewise that I am now come to an end once of the Punicke warre as if my selfe had been in person there and borne my part in
prodigies I say were expiated and the Latine festivall holydaies were celebrated anew for that the dole of flesh was not given unto the Laurentines which of duty should have been delivered Moreover a solemne supplication was ordeined in regard of all errours and faults escaped in divine service and religious observances Also out of the bookes of Sibylla the Decemvirs declared and shewed to what gods sacrifice should be made and ten young springals free borne ten virgins likewise whose fathers and mothers yet lived were employed about the ministery of those sacrifices The Decemvirs also by night sacrificed young sucklings And P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus before hee tooke his journey erected an arch in the Capitoll over-against the high street that leadeth thither with 7 gilded statues and 2 horses and before that arch he set up two cesternes or lavers of marble About this time 43 principall persons of Aetolia among whom were Democritus and his brother were conveighed to Rome by two squadrons or cohorts sent of purpose from M. Acilius and there were laid up fast in the prison called The stone quarries which done the cohorts aforesaid were commaunded by L. Cornelius the Consull to make returne to the armie From Ptolomeus and Cleopatra king and queene of Aegypt there came embassadors testifying their joy which they conceived in the behalfe of the Romanes in these termes That M. Acilius the Consull had chased king Antiochus out of Greece exhorting also the Romans to transport an armie into Asia for that not in Asia only but likewise in Syria all men were smitten with fear and amazed As for the KK of Aegypt they would be ready to doe for their parts whatsoever the Senat should set downe Thankes were returned to the K. and Q. aforesaid and order was taken that to the embassadors for a reward should be given 4000 brasen Asses apeece L. Cornelius the Consull having accomplished all things to be done at Rome published an Edict in a generall assembly That aswell those soldiors whom himselfe had enrolled for supply as they who wer with A. Cornelius in the Brutians country should all meet at Brundusium upon the Ides of Quintilis Moreover he nominated three lieutenants Sex Digitius L. Apussius and C. Fabricius Luscinus for to gather ships togither out of all the sea coasts into Brundusium And when hee had prepared and set all things in good order hee departed from the citie clad in his rich coat of armes There presented unto the Consull as he went forth to the number of 5000 voluntaries Romanes and allies togither who had served their full yeeres in the wars under the conduct of P. Africanus and now wer exempt from solderie who all offered to go with him and to be enrolled as prest souldiours Much at the time that the Consull tooke his journey during the festivall Apollinare games in the honour of Apollo upon the fift day before the Ides of Iuly it chaunced that in the day time when the aire was cleere and faire there arose a suddaine darkenesse during the eclipse of the sunne by reason that the body of the moone was directly under the circle and roundle of the sunne L. Aemylius Regillus also admirall of the warre at the same time went to sea L. Aurunculeius was charged by order from the Senat to build thirtie galeaces with five bankes of ores and twentie gallies with three bankes because a bruit was blowne and blazed abroad that Antiochus upon the late battaile at sea was about to prepare a much greater armada The Aetolians after their embassadors were returned from Rome and had made relation that there was no hope of peace albeit all their sea coasts especially toward Peloponnesus were spoiled and wasted by the Achaeans yet minding more their perill like to ensue than remembering their losse received seized the mountaine Corax intending to impeach and stop the passage of the Romanes For they made no question nor doubt but that the next spring they would returne to besiege and assault Naupactum Acilius who wist well what they expected thought it better to goo in hand with an enterprise unlooked for and namely to assaile Lamia for thus hee thought That seeing they had beene alreadie brought to a great under and extremitie by king Philip now they might be taken sodainly and surprised at unawates because they stood in feare of nothing lesse Whereupon remooving from Elatia he encamped first in the country of his enemies neere to the river Sperchius from whence by night he dislodged and advanced forthwith his ensignes and by the day breake had invested their walles round about Great feare and hurley there was as in an accident unlooked for yet all that day they defended the city more resolutely than a man would have beleeved and thought they could have done in so sodaine a daunger whiles men stood at defence upon the wals women set up ladders in many places and brought the men weapons and darts of all sorts yea and stories up to the walls unto them Acilius after he had sounded the retreat brought backe his men into the campe about noone and after they had there refreshed their bodies with meat and rest he gave them warning before he dismissed the Praetorium that ere day-light the next morning they should be ready in armes for that he would not come backe againe with them into the campe before they were masters of the towne At the same time as the day before hee gave assault in many places and for as much as the townesmens strength decaied their darts and weapons failed and abo ve all their hearts fainted within few houres hee wanne the citie After hee had made a riddaunce of the pillage sold some part and given away the rest hee fell to take counsell what to doe afterwards There was not one man of opinion to go against Naupactum considering that the Aetolians held and kept the pase of Corax Howbeit Acilius to the end that he would not keepe the field in sommer without doing some exploit and that the Aetolians might not enjoy that peace by the slackness of the Romane souldiours which obteine they could not at the Senates hand he purposed to besiege Amphissa and so the armie was conducted thither from Heraclea by the mountaine Oeta When he had encamped himselfe under the towne walls he began not to invest it round with men as he did Lamia but with ordinance and engins to batter it In many places at once he ran with the ramme against the walls and albeit they were shaken the townesmen went not about either to make redie or to devise and invent any meanes of defence against that instrument or engin All their hope was in trusty armour and hardie valour And so often they sallied forth that they disordred and troubled not only the guards of the enemies but also those that attended about the fabricks and artillerie Howbeit in many places the wall was battred and breaches made and even at that very
like as to the magistrates of Rome chuse wither he would slay and offer them at Rome or Preneste Also that out of that fleet which rid in the harbour of Brundusium there should be twentie gallies assigned him to use until such time as the king were arrived at the fleet which was given him Finally that L. Cornelius Scipio should accompanie him never depart from him but bear the charges both of him his retinue about him untill they were embarked ashipbourd It is said that the king joied wonderously at this courtesie and kindnes offered him by the people of Rome that he would needs pay for those presents which were given him onely hee commaunded his son to take a gift at the hands of the people of Rome Thus much have our historians written as touching K. Prusias But Polybius reporteth that this K. was unwoorthie the majesty of so honorable a name for that he was wont to meet the embassadours of Rome with his head shaven and a cap upon it also to acknowledge cal himselfe the freed villaine and vassaile of the people of Rome and to testifie so much he ware the badge and token of that degree and condition At Rome likewise when he entred the Counsel-house hee stouped downe and kissed the very doore sill calling the Senatours gods his saviours yea and to have used other speeches not so honourable to the hearers as base and unsitting his own person When hee had sejourned in and about the cittie not above thirtie daies hee tooke his leave and departed into his owne Realme To the Reader FRom the five and fortith booke forward all the rest of Livie to the great maine blemish of the Latin tongue and no small griefe of learned men is lost even 100 bookes wanting five like as those ten betweene the tenth and one twentith books commonly called the second Decade For as it appeareth by L. Florus the Epitomist there were in all 140 and the arguments of so many remaine at this day by him collected But if it be true that Frauncis Petrarch saith Livie wrote in all 142 and as Charles Sigonius probably coniectureth the 36 and 37 Breviaries of L. Florus be wanting of this latter number How all these complete bookes of T. Livius should miscarrie it is not certenly knowne Some hope there is that they are but mis-cast and laid out of the way For like as within these hundred yeeres some fragments of the storie were discovered in Magunce and the last five bookes now extant found by Simon Grinaeus in the Librarie of a monasterie over-against the citie of Wormbs and dedicated by Erasmus of Roterdam unto Charles the son of William Lord Montjoy in the reigne of Henrie the eight of famous memorie K. of England c. so wee are not to despaire of the rest In the meane time we must make much of these briefe summaries left unto us Even as therefore I have inserted those ten Breviaries in stead of the bookes so I thought it not amisse in hope that one day the verie bookes themselves will come to light to proceed in the rest following and the rather for that neither bee that translated Livie into the Tuscane language nor they who have done him into French as farre as I could ever see have taken that paines THE BREVIARIES OF L. FLORVS VPON THE REST OF T. LIVIVS HIS BOOKES WHICH ARE NOT EXTANT Of the six and fortith Booke EVmenes came towards Rome Now because in the Macedonian warre he had carried himselfe indifferent betweene Perseus and the Romanes there passed a law in generall tearmes That no King might repaire to Rome to the end that if he were excluded he should not be reputed an enemie nor if he were admitted acquit and cleered of all fault Cl. Marcellus the Consull subdued the Gaules inhabiting the Alpes and C. Sulpitius Gallus the Ligurians The Embassadours of K. Prusias complained of Eumenes for that hee invaded and wasted their borders and they enformed besides that hee had conspired with Antiochus against the people of Rome At the earnest suit and entreasie of the Rhodians a league was contracted with them The Censors tooke a review and survey of the city wherein were enrolled and sessed 327022 citizens of Rome M. Aemylius Lepidus was elected president of the Senat. Ptolomaeus the king of the Aegyptians was by his younger brother expelled out of his realme but by the meanes of Embassadours sent from Rome he was restored to his kingdome Vpon the death of Ariarathes king of Cappâ—docia his sonne Ariarathes came to the crowne and by entercourse and mediation of Embassadours renewed amittie with the people of Rome This booke containeth besides the warres against the Ligurians Corsians and Lusitanians fought with variable fortune the troubles also in Syria after the death of Antiochus who left behind him Antiochus his sonne a very child This young prince togither with his guardian Lysias Demetrius the sonne of Selencus who had been sent in hostage to Rome murdered privily because he was not set at large and dismissed by the Romanes and so himselfe entred upon the kingdome L. Aemylius Paulus who had conquered Perseus departed this life whose incorruptions and abstinence from the publicke treasure was such that notwithstanding he had brought both out of Spaine and Macedonie so great store of wealth and riches yet when his goods were prized and sold there would be hardly raised thereof sufficient to repay his wife her dowrie The Pomptine marishes were drawen drie by Cor. Cethegus the Consull unto whom that charge was by lot fallen and the same turned into firme ground Of the XLVII booke CNeus Tremellius a Tribune of the Commons had a fine set on his head for that he had contended in a wrongfull cause with M. Aemylius Lepidus the soveraigne Pontifie The power and authoritie of the cleargie magistrates was greater and mightier than before A law was enacted as touching inordinate suit for offices In the survey of the citie there were taxed in the subsidie booke 328314 Romane citizens L. Aemylius Lepidus was chosen againe president of the Senat. Betweene the two breethren Ptolomees who were at variance there passed this accord and agreement That the one should reigne in Aegypt and the other in Cyrenae Ariarathus king of Cappadocia by the politick plot forcible power of Demetrius king of Syria dispossessed of his kingdome was by the Senat set into it againe Certein embassadors were sent as delegates from the Senat to determinie of the litigigius ground betweene Masanissa and the Carthaginians C. Martius the Consull fought against the Dalmatians at the first unfortunatly but afterwards atchieved the victorie The occasion of the waâ— with them was this for that they had made wast upon the Illyrians who were allies of the people of Rome The same nation Cornelius Nasica the Consull brought in subiection Q. Opimius the Consull subdued the Ligurians beyond the Alpes who had spoiled Antipolis and Nicaes
him atchieved 25 L. Tarquinius Superbus the seventh K. of Romans ruled 25 yeeres IN the two hundred and twentieth yeare after the foundation of the citie L. Tarquinius the younger having killed Servius Tullius entered upon the Romane kingdome with force of armes not by Interregent ne yet any right of law Superbus hee was named for his cruell demeanour in that hee forbad to commit to earth the dead corps of his father in law by him murdered giving out that Romulus likewise died and lay unburied Hee was the sonne of L. Tarquinius Priscus the king as Q. Pictor Au. Gellius Licinius Macer Verrius Flaccus and Livius have written Howbeit Dionysius out of L. Piso in his Annales by most strong reasons disproveth their errour and by the certaine computation of the yeeres sheweth how it cannot possibly be so but rather that hee was the sonne of Tarquinius Priscus his sonne who died in the life of Priscus Five twentie yeeres he reigned according to Livie in his first book Dionysius in his fourth and Solinus in his Polyhistor But Cassiodorus Eusebius Eutropius and Bedas ascribe unto him five and thirtie yeeres adding unto his raigne those ten yeares which they tooke from Servius Tullius and thereby giving occasion of errour to the later writers Of him Dionysius Livie both the Plinies Gellius Macrobius and Eutropius have written much Collect then into one summe the yeares of these kings raigne and thereof will arise the number of two hundred fortie foure Of the first election of Consuls THis is the second chaunge of the common-weale by occasion that Superbus the K. as well for his insolent and proud government as for the villanie offered by Sextus the kings sonne to Lucretia was expelled and libertie recovered wherupon the soveraigne government yeer by yeere was committed to two men who first were named Pretours for that they were set over the people then Iudges because they decided their controversies and lastly Consuls in that they advised and provided for the good of the common-weale as Cicero in the third book of Lawes declareth in these words Let there be two invested in roiall government and of ruling judging and counsell giving be they called Pretours Iudges and Consuls let them have also the soveraigntie of commaund in warre Now the first Consuls or Pretors were created by Sp. Lucretius father of Lucretia and Interregent for the time in a generall assembly by the voices of the Centuries according to the commentaries of Servius Tullius the king The first Consull had all the rights prerogatives and regall ensignes of the KK this onely provided that both of them should not have the rods and axes carried before them for feare of presenting any terror to the people Both of them were chosen out of the Patritij which for this intent I advertise the Reader of that the progresse of the common-weale might be knowne seeing that in processe of time they came to be created out of the commons also Moreover as concerning the yeere moneth and day when as the first Consuls entred their government something were to be said in this place but because we have spoken before of the varietie and dissention of Authors thereabout therefore letting passe these circumstances proceed wee to the very Consuls who by the testimonie of all writers were first chosen namely 245 L. Iunius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus IT is recorded by all writers that L. Iunius Brutus L. Tarq. Collatinus were the first Coss. or Pretors of the Rom. people who in the end of the 244 yeer since the foundation of the citie and upon the first day of March after the Tarquins KK the father the son wer expelled the citie in an assembly of the Centuries were solemnly pronounced and declared Coss. But after that Brutus had compelled his colleague Tarquinius to resign up his Consulship either because hee was suspected for the affinitie and name of the Tarquins as L. Piso in Gellius the 15 book and 29 cap. Livie Plutarch Cic. 3. Offic. doe write or by occasion of a variance between Brutus and Collatinus about the execution of Collatinus his sisters sonne as Dionysius reporteth hee subelected in his place Pub. Valerius Volusius the sonne of Volusus whose helping hand hee had used especially in banishing the KK Of whose Consulship Polybius in the third booke Dionysius Livie Valerius Max. 4 booke 4 chap. Plutarch in Poplicola and Plinie 36 booke chap. 15 have made mention But Valerius after that Brutus in his magistracie was slaine by Aruns the sonne of Superbus for the king his father had levied warre against the Romans in a generall court of all the Centuries tooke unto him for his companion in government Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus the father of Lucretia and to him being the elder submitted the preheminence of soveraigntie And soone after within few daies upon his death for hee was very aged hee assumed unto him M. Horatius Pulvillus for his colleague in the Consulship The said Valerius was called Poplicola for that during his magistracie he enacted certaine lawes very popular and namely concerning the appeale from the Consuls to the people and the receiving of the state-government from the said people as Livius and Dionysius do witnes In the vulgar bookes as also in the old written copies whether by error or of purpose I wote not wee read his name evermore Publicola but still in one and the same signification Only the letters are a little altered which otherwise have much affinitie one with another as Quintilian writeth namely o with u and p with b. For in antique titles and inscriptions you shall read often Poplicus for Publicus To conclude therefore in the first yeere after the KK were exiled Coss. at Rome were these L. Iunius Brutus and Lu. Tarq. Collatinus P. Valerius Publicola Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus M. Horatius Pulvillus 246 P. Valerius II. T. Lucretius THe Consulship of these two is recorded unto us by Dionysius Livius and Cassiodorus Onuphrius Panvinius giveth unto Lucretius the surname of Tricipitinus both for that it was a peculiar addition to that house also because by an ancient Chronologer in the records of Cuspinian he is named Tricipitinus Now for Publius the Etymologie therof according to Sextus is twofold For some call him Pub. who hath ben brought up at the publicke charges others again name him so who was a ward before hee had his name given him 247 P. Lucretius P. Valerius Poplicola LIvius calleth this Lucretius by the for-name of P. but other books of Titus Dionysius writeth that P. Valerius Poplicola the third time and M. Horatius the second time were Coss. Plutarch speaketh of the third Consulship only of P. Valerius Onuphrius and Sigonius follow Dionysius As for Cassiodorus hee leaveth out altogether these Consuls 248 Sp. Lartius T. Herminius AFter Poplicola the third time and Pulvillus the second time Consuls Dionysius hath placed Sp. Lartius T. Herminius The same dooth Cassiodorus And the booke noted by Cuspinian
of Cato the yonger Cicero also in his oration against Piso and for Sextius This Piso the Consull Cicero and Paedian surnamed Caesonius for so his grandfather before him was called as appeareth in the capitoll records for the yeere 606. 697 P. Lentulus Q. Metellus THe Consuls following for this yeere were by Cassiodorus and the Sicilian records P. Lentulus and Q. Metellus By Dio Pub. Cornelius sonne of Publius Lentulus Spiniher and Q. Caecilius sonne of Quintus Metelius Nepos Of them speaketh Valerius in his ninth booke Lentulus qd he and Metellus companions in the Consulship were beheld seen both upon the stage like plaiers but the one of them tooke the surname of Spinther one of the second sort of actors the other but that he had gotten the name of Nepos alreadie for his lewd behaviour should have beene called Pamphilus after the name of one of a third sort whome for all the world hee resembled Of the same men Cicero in his first booke of Epistles and in very many of his orations Plinie also in his seventh booke and second chapter Plutarch in the life of Cicero and all other writers make much mention 698 Cn. Lentulus L. Philippus CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Cn. Lentulus and L. Philippus The Sicilian records Marcellus and Philippus Dio Cn. Cornelius son of Publius Lentulus Marcellus and L. Martius sonne of Lucius Philippus Of Lentulus and M. Marcellus Consuls Cicero speaketh in his Epistles to Lentulus Plutarch also in the life of Cato maketh mention of Martius Philippus now Consull This Cn. Lentulus was the son of that P. Lentulus as Cicero saith in his Brutus And surnamed hee was Marcellus and not Claudius that it might be knowne of what familie of the Claudij he was descended 696 Cn. Pompeius M. Crassus VVHen as by the obstinate persistance of â— Cato Tribune of the commons who ever interposed his negative there could be no ordinarie assembly holden for the creation of magistrates the whole degree of the Senatours changed their weed in token of griefe so as upon an Interregencie between Cn. Pompeius was chosen Consull with him M. Crassus the second time as Plutarch Dio Appian do witnes Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus whom Cato and all good men accompanied presented was in the common place by violence throughly beaten and Cato himselfe wounded These Coss. Dio calleth Cn. Pompeius son of Cneus Magnus the second time M. Licinius sonne of Pâ—blius Crassus the second time Of them Paedianus Eutropius the Sicilian registers and others make mention 700 Ap. Claudius L. Domitius DIo in his nine and thirtieth booke for the yeere after the citties foundation 700 following the computation of Varro avoucheth Consuls Appius Claudius son of Appius Pulcher and L. Domitius sonne of Cneus Aenobarbus Cassiodore and Obsequens name them Appius Claudius and L. Domitius whom the Sicilian records call Pulcher and Aenobarbus and Paedian upon the oration for Scaurus L. Domitius Aenobarbus and Appius Claudius Pulcher Of this L. Domitius sonne of Cneus Aenobarbus Caelius speaketh in the eight booke of Ciceroes Epistles 701 Cn. Domitius M. Messala AGainst this yeere there stood in election and labored with much earnestnes ambitious desire to be Consuls Caius Memmius Cn. Domitius M. Messala and M. Scaurus as Cicero writeth to his brother Quintus But at the last even in the seventh moneth of this yeere there were created by meanes of an Interregencie M. Messala and Cn. Domitius Neither had they bene chosen then but that Q. Pompeius Rufus a Tribune of the commons who still opposed himselfe to hinder and debarre all election was by order from the Senate committed and the Senate made countenaunce to do the like by the rest as many as went about to crosse the said election Thus much Dio. But Appian saith that the common weale continued for eight months space in Anarchie without any soveraigne magistrates of state Plutarch writeth that in this so great extreamitie of daunger Lucilius a Tribune of the commons preferred a bill for the creating of Cneus Pompeius Dictatour who should redresse all enormities and set upright the state againe but Cato gainsaied it and so nothing was effected Dio saith moreover that the Tribunes of the commones mooved for the chusing not of a Dictatour onely but also of militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie but through the earnest labour of Pompeius Consuls were created Messala and Calvinus which surnames stand to bee seene upon the Sicilian records Also in the capitoll monuments written it is thus Cn. Domitius Calvinus sonne of M. nephew of Marcus ann 708 and 717. 702 Cn. Pompeius Q. Metellus VVHen by reason of the contentions among so mighty competitours the Consuls could not be created by the kalends of Ianuarie there passed an Act of the Senate according to the mind and advise of Bibulus by vertue whereof Cn. Pompeius was by the Interregent Serv. Sulpitius created Consull the third time upon the five and twentieth of Februarie without a colleague first and presently entred upon the government But afterwards to avoid the envie that might arise thereupon he tooke unto him as companion in the Consulship for the five last months of the yeer behind Q. Caecilius Pius Metellus Scipio his wives father Thus writeth Paedian upon the oration of Cicero in defence of Milo Plutarch likewise Appianus Dio. This Metellus Pius Scipio was also called P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica sonne of Nasica Scipio who beeing adopted by Q. Metellus Pius is called by Caelius in the familiar Epistles of Cicero Q. Caecilius sonne of Q. nephew of Q. Metellus Pius Scipio 703 M. Marcellus Ser. Sulpitius AGainst this yeere were Consuls created M. Marcellus Serv. Sulpitius as Cassiodorus Plutarch and Appian witnesse The Sicilian records call them Rufus and Marcellus Dio nameth them Servius Sulpitius sonne of Q. surnamed Rufus and M. Claudius sonne of M. surnamed also Marcellus Of these Consuls Suetonius also maketh mention in Caesar likewise Cicero in his Epistles the Epitome 118. This Marcellus was the cousin germane of that Marcellus who the yeere next following was Consull and brother germane to him who two yeeres after bare the Consulship as may bee collected out of Verrius Flaccus Dio and Suetonius 704 L. Paulus C. Marcellus THere succeeded Consuls L. Paulus and C. Marcellus witnesse Cassiodore Dio Suetonius Hirtius in his 8 book togither with the Sicilian records The one of these is by Dio named L. Aemylius sonne of Marcus surnamed Paulus the other by Cicero in his epistles C. Claudius sonne of Caius Marcellus Dio writeth that this man by some was reported to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the brothers sonne others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the brother of Mar. Marcellus but Suetonius saith plainely hee was the brothers sonne 705 L. Lentulus C. Marcellus CAssiodorus setteth down for Consuls this yeere L. Lentulus and C. Marcellus as also Appian Plutarch Hirtius Florus Cicero in his epistles do testifie
understood that Poplicola was his surname by way of adoption for they were not the Gellij but the Valerij that carried the surname of Publicolae The same fragments doe shew that the said Gellius left his place and that another was put in his rowme And haply it was L. Munatius sonne of Lucius nephew of Lucius Plancus whome Plinie in his thirteenth booke and third chapter saith to have been twise Consull but in what yeere he was the second time a man cannot find unlesse it were in this 719 Sext. Pompeius L. Cornisicius CAssiodorus and the Sicilian records testifie that this yeeres Consuls were Sex Pompeius L. Cornisicius Dio L. Cornisicius son of Lucius Sextus Pompeius sonne of Sextus This yeere Sex Pompeius sonne of Cneus was slaine 720 M. Antonīus L. Scribonius Libo CAssiodorus putteth down for Consuls Lu. Scribonius and Lu. Atratinus The Sicilian catalogue Antonius and Libo Dio M. Antonius sonne of Marcus the second time and L. Scribonius sonne of Lucius Libo The same Dio saith moreover that M. Antonius the Triumvir presently upon the very Kalends of Ianuarie gave over the magistracie and substituted in his own steed Lu. Sempronius Atratinus and therefore many there be that affirm how it was not Antonius but Atratinus that was Consull this yeere with Libo That Consuls also were sub-elected to beare out one part of the yeere it is to bee found in some authours that have set forth the Municipall Annales And verily Dio maketh mention of Paulus Aemylius Consull for one part of the yeere and that hee built a stately porch or gallerie at his owne charges and dedicated it in his Consulship 721 C. Casar L. Volcatius CAssiodorus exhibiteth unto us for Consuls C. Caesar and L. Volcatius Dio Caesar the second time and L. Volcatius sonne of Lucius Tullus They who composed and digested the Sicilian registers very unfitly set down Caesar and Cicero for this yeres Consuls Of this Consulship of Caesar Suetonius and Dio speake saying that hee held it very few houres as Antonius also before time In steed of Caesar was Lu. Antonius subrogated and many other for one part or other of the yeere who in the book entituled Old inscriptions are reckoned in this manner Emperour Caesar. II. L. Volcatius Kal. Ianuarij L. Antonius Kal. Maij. L. Flavius Kal. Iulij M. Atilius  C. Fonteius Kal. Sept. L. Vinutius Kal. Octob. L. Laenonius Of L. Flavius made Consull by M. Antonius and deposed Dio likewise maketh mention 722 Cn. Domitius C. Sosius CAssiodorus nominateth for Consuls this yeere Cn. Domitius and C. Sosius The Sicilian records Aenobarbus and Sosius Dio Cneus Domitius sonne of Cneus nephew of Cneus Aenobarbus C. Sosius son of C. nephew of Caius Nepos writeth that Atticus died when Cn. Domitius and C. Sosius were Consuls 723 C. Caesar. II. M. Messala CAssiodorus avoucheth Consuls this yeere C. Caesar the second time and M. Messala The Sicilian registers Octavianus and Corvinus Dio Caesar the third time and M. Valerius sonne of Marcus surnamed Messala Corvinus and that right truly For Cassiodorus maketh no reckoning of that consulship of Caesar which hee bare with Pedius because hee was subordained in the place of another But Dio and Appian doe witnesse that Caesar and Antonie were matched together this yeere both of them in their second Consulship at what time as upon peace made with Sextus Pompeius they were appointed Consuls before hand for eight yeers next ensuing howbeit in the first yeer the people turned Antonie out of his Consulship and proclaimed warre against him and Cleopatra and so in his place was Mar. Messala declared Consull As touching the Consuls this yeere subordained thus wee find written in the auncient inscriptions Emperour Caesar. IIII. M. Valerius Kalend. Maij. M. Titius Kal. Octobris Cn. Pompeius 724 C. Caesar. III. M. Crassus CAssiodorus nameth for this yeers Consuls C. Caesar the third time and M. Crassus The Sicilian records Octavinus and Crassus Dio Caesar the fourth time and M. Licinius sonne of Marcus Crassus Hee addeth moreover and saith Caesar in the middest of that water crossed the seas out of Macedonie into Italie wherein he was the fourth time Consull with M. Crassus Orosius likewise noteth that Caesar called Emperour was Consull the fourth time with M. Livius Crassus Of other Consuls substituted after M. Licinius this we find in the old inscriptions Emperour Caesar IV. M. Licinius Kal. Iul. C. Antistius Idib Septembr M. Tullius Kal. Novembr L. Saenius Of M. Tullius Consull with Augustus Dio maketh mention in his storie of this yeers acts Plinie also in his 22 booke and 6 chap. and Plutarch in Cicero By Velleius and Tacitus it appeareth that Antistius had for addition the surname of Vetus and Saenius of Saevinus 725 C. Caesar. IIII. Sex Apuleius IN Cassiodorus the Consuls bee C. Caesar the fourth time and Sext. Apulcius In Dio Caesar the fift time and Sext. Apuleius son of Sext. In the Sicilian records Octavianus and Apuleius in the Antique inscriptions Emperour Caesar the fift time and Sext. Apuleius Dio saith this was the yeere 725 from the foundation of the citie Of Caesar five times Consull there is to be seene an old epigramme or inscription in this manner Senatus Populusque Romanus Imp. Caes. Divi Iulij Fil. Cos. Quint. Cos. Desig Sext. Imp. Sept. Resp. conservata That is The Senate and people of Rome By Emperour Caesar sonne of Iulius of famous memorie Consull five times elect Consull the sixt time and emperour the seventh the Commonwealth saved 726 C. Caesar V. M. Agrippa II. CAssiodorus declareth for Consuls this yeer Caesar the fift time and M. Agrippa the second time Orosius and the Sicilian records Caesar the sixt time and Agrippa the second time Dio Caesar the sixt time and M. Vipsanius Agrippa the third time but it is to bee read the second time as Sigonius advertiseth so as the next yeere it should bee written the third time And this plainely appeareth by the superscription of that temple which he erected named Pantheon in this form M. AGRIPPASON OF L. THIRD TIME COS. BUILT IT For Dio saith that this temple was finished two yeers after that hee was Consull with Caesar the seventh time Consull in which yeere himselfe bare his third Consulship not the fourth For otherwise in the front of the said temple hee would have written CONSUL THE FOURTH TIME 727 C. Caesar. VI. M. Agrippa III. CAssiodorus saith that the next Consuls were Caesar the sixt time and Mar. Agrippa the third time But Dio Caesar the seventh time and Agrippa the fourth time But what is to bee thought of them both is evident by that which hath been said before In the Sicilian registers verily it is written Octavianus the seventh time and Agrippa the third time 728 C. Augustus Caesar. VII T. Statilius CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Caesar Augustus the seventh time and T. Statilius The Sicilian monuments Octavianus the eight time and Taurus
their king That hee reigned three and fortie yeers all accord save Eutropius Eusebius and Cassiodorus late writers who set downe but one and fortie as Onuphrius and Sigonius have observed Of this king Dionysius in the second booke Livie in his first Solinus in his second chapter Plutarch Plinie and Eutropius in his life in like sort Valerius Maximus have delivered much in record Hee died not much above the age of eightie yeeres as Plutarch writeth for born he was as he testifieth the same day whereon Romulus laid the first foundation of the citie namely the twelfth Calends of May. Now for the name of Numa some say it was the fore-name of Pompilius But out of Sextus Pompeius it appeareth that neither Tullius nor Numa were fore-names as also by this conjecture for that the sonnes of Numa are by Dionysius called by other sundry names diverse from the familie Some thought therefore that Numa Ancus Aruns Volusus Drufus Faustus Iulus Mammurius certain other surnames were at first forenames as Marlianus in his Annales hath verie well noted 32 Tullus Hostilius the third king of Rome reigned 32 yeeres NVma being deceased the Interregencie tooke place again during which time an act of Senat passed wherein by the approbation of the Commons and advise of the nobles Tullus Hostilius was created the third king of the Romans in the fourescore and one yeere after the foundation of the cittie Who having rased Alba commaunded the Albans to be translated to Rome Their Commons hee made free denizens and the principal nobles he tooke into the order of Senators After Numa he reigned 32 yeeres as all writers most constantly affirm He perished as Dionysius witnesseth by occasion that his house was on fire wherein his wife children all their houshold besides were consumed and burnt Some say that his pallace tooke fire by lightening through the ire of the gods for that hee had forlet some sacrifices and holy rites others write that it was occasioned by the trecherous practise of Ancus Martius who reigned next after him Of him Dionysius writeth in his 3 book That hee carried before him the name of Hostus it appeareth by this that both his father and grandfire bare the said name A prince hee was not onely farre unlike to Numa but also more fierce and stout than Romulus 24 Ancus Martius the fourth K. of Romanes reigned 24 yeeres KIng Tullius beeing departed this life there was an Interregent by the Nobles declared who held the assembly for Election in the 114 yeere from the foundation of the city wherein the people created Ancus Martius the fourth K. of the Romanes and the Senators approved the same He built Hostia a town 16 miles distant from the citie of Rome and fought seven battels Livius Dionysius and Solinus say that he reigned 24 yeeres but Eusebius Eutropius and Cassiodorus 23. What death hee died neither Livie in his first book nor Dionysius in his 3 do set down notwithstanding that by them his noble acts are set out at large Now Ancus as Sex Pompeius hath reported is hee called who harh an arme bowing inward so as it cannot be put straight forth 38 L. Tarquinius Priscus the fifth K. of Romans reigned 38 yeeres THis Tarquinius beeing left by Ancus when he died guardian to his children was the first that ambitiously intercepted the kingdome to himselfe hee sent the sonnes of Ancus during the time of Interregencie out of the way as it were to hunting and made an oration unto the people to win their harts affections to him so with the suffrages of the people and authoritie of the nobles he was by the Interegent declared K. in the 170 yeere after the foundation of Rome and in the 41 Olympias This noble prince as wel for warlike prowesse as peaceable pollicie and government at the length being above fourscore yeere old was forelaid by the secret traines of the two sonnes of Ancus Martius in the eight and thirtie yeere of his raigne according to Livie Dionysius whose judgement we follow or in the 37 as Solinus Messala Ruffus Eutropius Cassiodorus Eusebius and Bedas write like as wee have before shewed Priscus hee was surnamed afterwards because hee lived before Tarquinius Superbus saith Sex Pompeius unto whom accord Dionysius and Laurentius Valla who writeth that the addition of Priscus was given unto him not by men of that time wherein hee lived but by the age following But Livie sheweth plainely that he had the surname of Priscus given him even then when he came first into the citie because he was borne before Superbus Hee also was called Lucumo and was the sonne of Demaratus the Corinthian descended from the familie of the Brachiades 44 Servius Tullius the sixt K. of the Romans reigned foure and fortie yeeres AFter Priscus Tarquinius was slain presently Servius Tullius was the first that without any election of the people yet with the general consent of the Nobles tooke upon him the Romane kingdom in the yeere from the foundation of the citie 176. Concerning whose conception wee must not let passe that which Plinie writeth in the 36 booke after this manner During the reigne of Tarquinius Priscus there appeared sodainly the genital member of the masculine sex upon the herth where the fire was kept and thereupon presently a captive woman bond-servant of Tanaquil the queen named Ocrisia sitting there by the fire side conceived was with child and so was Servius Tullius borne who succeeded in the kingdome Afterwards as the boy lay asleep within the kings pallace his head was seene on a light fire and supposed he was the son of the familiar Lar of that house In which regard he instituted first the Compitalia and plaies to the Lares Concerning his birth Plutarch hath written more in his booke of the Romans fortune By the crastie and subtill devise of his wives mother Tanaquil he attained to the crowne in the fourth yeere of the fifth Olympias and reigned 44 yeeres but by the vilanous complot of Tarquinius his sonne in law and Tullia his owne daughter and Tarquins wife hee was most impiously slaine in the verie street which thereupon was called Sceleratus As touching the yeeres of this kings reigne some controversie there is among writers for Livie Dionysius and Solinus whom wee have followed write that hee reigned 44 yeeres but Messala Corvinus Sex Ruffus Eutropius Eusebius Cassiodorus and Bedas 34 and not above Howbeit in adding those ten to the reigne of Tarquine afterwards they hinder not this grosse summe and computation of the yeeres for they set them downe 35 which Livie Dionysius and Solinus make but 25. This K. tooke the name of Servius by occasion of his owne fortune for that his mother Ocrisia a captive but a most beautifull and wise woman of Corniculum bare him during her bondage but Tullius hee was called by the name of his fathers kindred as Dionysius writeth in his fourth booke reckoning up many acts by
been twice Pretour was hanged and strangled to death when Cicero was Consull for that he had conspired with Catilin whose grandfather was P. Lentulus Presedent of the Senate as Cicero saieth pleading for his house and inveighing against Catilin as also Paedianus 684 M. Crassus Cn. Pompeius NExt to them were Coss. M. Crassus and Cn. Pompeius according to Cassiodore Plutarch Appian and the Sicilian records Their surnames for certaine were Dives and Magnus All the old writers speake much of this their first Consulship Plutarch reporteth that Licinius Crassus atteined to the Consulare dignitie by the meanes of Pompeius the Consull Besides Cicero Salust Paedian writing upon the oration for Cornelius and all other authours speake of these Consuls 685 Q. Metellus Q. Hortensius THen followed Consuls Q. Metellus and Q. Hortensius as Cassiodore and the Sicilian catalogue doe testifie Paedianus matcheth Q. Metelius Creticus with Q. Hortensius that great Oratour Likewise Iosephus in his foureteenth booke of Iewish antiquities Cicero in Brutus calleth this Q. Hortensius the sonne of Lucius Q. Metellus afterwards upon the conquest made of Crete surnamed Creticus was the sonne of Lucius Dalmaticus as may bee gathered out of Paedianus upon the Oration of Tullie called Divinatio against Verres 686 L. Metellus Q. Marcius PAedianus writing upon Tullies Oration against Piso Dio likewise Cassiodorus joine together in the Consulship this yeer L. Caecilius Metellus Q. Marcius the Greeke records Marcius Rex and Metellus This Metellus Dio writeth to have died in the very beginning of his magistracie that hee also who was substituted in his roume left this life before hee entred into the governement and thereupon it was not thought good to subelect any more and by that means Quintus Marcius bare that dignitie alone and him Salust entituleth with the surname of Rex This Lucius Metellus was brother to Quintus â—reticus as Paedian witnesseth 687 C. Piso. M' Glabrio THere succeeded Consuls C. Piso M' Glabrio witnesse Cassiodore the Sicilian records And in Dio they follow immediatly by the name of Manius Acilius and C. Piso. Cicero in his twelfth book of Epistles to Atticus speaketh of C. Piso and M' Acilius Glabrio men of Consular place and calling Paedian in his comentaries upon the oration for Cornelius maketh mention of C. Piso and the law Calpurna by him made as touching inordinat and indirect suite after dignities of state Moreover of them Valerius in his fourth booke writeth 688 M' Lepidus L. Volcatius CAssiodore putteth down for Consuls Manius Lepidus and with him L. Torquatus but untruly The Greeke records have Volcatius Tullus Dio Lu. Tullus and Aimilius Lepidus Salust in Catiline L. Tullus and M' Lepidus Paedian upon the oration for Cornelius M' Lepidus and L. Volcatius Cicero in his oration for Sulla hath L. Volcatius Tullus so as it appeareth it should bee M' Aemilius Lepidus and L. Volcatius Tullus 689 L. Cotta L. Torquatus THe Consuls elect were L. Autronius Paetus as it appeareth upon a monument of a triumph in the capitoll and not Antronius as commonly it is read and P. Cornelius Sulla who being condemned for ambitious seeking after that office and having therefore suffered condigne punishment their accusers stept into their place of government namely L. Aurelius sonne of Marcus surnamed Cotta and L. Manlius sonne of Lucius surnamed also Torquatus as testifie Salust Dio Paedian upon the oration for Cornelius and that which hee made in his white robe and lastly Tranquillus in Caesar. 690 L. Caesar. C. Figulus THe yeere next ensuing had for Consuls by the testimonie of Cassiodore Paedianus and the Sicilian records L. Caesar and C. Figulus whome Dio calleth Lucius Caesar and Lucius Martius son of Caius surnamed Figulus Cicero in his oration for Sulla nameth them Lucius Iulius and C. Figulus so doth Salust in Catilina This L. Iulius Caesar is his sonne who was Consull in the Marsian warre 691 M. Cicero C. Antonius THe Consuls this yeere were M. Tullius son of M. surnamed Cicero and C. Antonius son of M. as testifie Dio in his seven and thirtieth booke Cassiodore Salust in his Catilinarie oration Velleius in his second booke Ioseph in his Iewish antiquities 14 booke 8 chapter Plinie in his eight booke and three and fiftieth chapter Tranquillus in the life of Augustus Appian Eutropius Paedian and others 692 D. Silanus L. Muraena THere followed Consuls next D. Silanus and L. Muraena as Cassiodorus Salust and the Sicilian records do witnesse Dio calleth them D. Iunius son of M. surnamed Silanus and L. Licinius son of L. surnamed Muraena Eutropius nameth them D. Iunius Silanus and L. Licinius sonne of that L. Muraena who in qualitie of Pro-pretour triumphed over Mithridates as Cicero saith pleading for Muraena himselfe being accused and in trouble for unlawfull seeking to be Cos. In this assembly for election of Coss. L. Sergius Catilina suffered the second repulse for anger whereof in a melancholy hee brake out into a conspiracie and practised against the state and likewise Servius Sulpitius Rufus the lawyer who afterwards accused Muraena for the crime aforesaid 693 M. Pupius M. Valerius CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls this yeere M. Pupius and M. Valerius The Sicilian registers Piso and Messala Dio M. Pupius sonne of M. surnamed Piso and M. Valerius son of M. surnamed Messala Niger Of this Messala Niger there is also mention made by Paedian upon the oration for Scaurus Also of M. Messala and M. Piso in Plinies seventh booke and sixe and twentieth chapter seven and thirtieth booke cap. second and the eight book chap. sixe twentie And in Caesars first book of the Gaules warre Of M. Piso Paedian likewise speaketh writing upon the oration against Piso. 694 Q. Metellus Q. Afranius CAssiodorus the Sicilian registers nominate for this yeeres Consuls Q. Metellus and L. Afranius The like doth Obsequens and Cicero in his first booke of Epistles to Atticus Dio nameth them L. Afranius sonne of L. and Q. Caecilius sonne of Q. surnamed Metellus Celer Both of them were advaunced to the Consulate as Dio witnesseth by the means of Pompeius for they had beene both twaine his lieutenants serving under him in Asia 695 C. Caesar. M. Bibulus CAssiodorus Suetonius together with the Sicilian tables and the Breviaries do match together for Consuls this yeere C. Caesar and M. Bibulus Dio C. Iulius sonne of Caius Caesar and M. Calpurnius Plutarch and Appian C. Iulius Caesar and Calpurnius Bibulus Albeit Appian as also Eutropius and Orosius give Bibulus the forename of Lucius Of Caesar and Bibulus Cicero speaketh in his first booke of Epistles writing to Lentulus 696 L. Piso. A. Gabinius CAssiodorus and the Sicilian records shewe for Consuls this yeere L. Piso and A. Gabinius Dio L. Calpurnius sonne of Lucius Piso and A. Gabinius sonne of Aulus Caesar Cicero Plutarch and Cassiodorus L. Piso and A. Gabinius Caesar writeth of them in his first booke of the Gaules warre and Plutarch in the life