and the Iewes still obserue that time Scaliger also sometime of a contrary opinion hath now yeelded to this And the Egyptians in the time of Fermicus held that the world was created in the thirtith part of Libra The Flood after Scaliger began in the yeere 1657. on Saturday the seuenth of Nouember The second age of the World is reckoned from the Floud to Abraham Whose birth was after the Floud 292. yeeres Sem two yeeres after the Floud begat Arpacsad hee at thirtie fiue yeeres Selah who in the thirtith yeere begat Heber Heber at thirtie foure Peleg who being thirtie yeeres old begat Regu and he at thirty two Serug in whose thirtith yeere Nahor was borne who at nine and twenty begat Terah who at seuentie yeeres begat Abram Thus Scaliger Caluisius Buntingus Arias Montanus Genebrard Pererius Adrichomius Opmeerus c. But Iunius Broughton Lydayt Codomannus c. adde sixtie yeeres more For Moses saith Gen. 11.32 That Terah died in Charan aged two hundred and fiue yeeres and then Abram as it is in the next Chapter was seuentie fiue yeeres old so that Terah when Abram was borne was a hundred thirty yeeres old Whereas therefore he is said at seuentie yeeres to beget Abram Nahor and Haran it is to be vnderstood that he then began to beget Abram being named first for diuine priuiledge not because hee was eldest The like phrase is vsed Gen. 5.32 Noah being fiue hundred yeeres old begat Shem Ham and Iaphet and yet neither were they all borne at once nor was Shem the eldest let the Reader choose whether of these opinions he best liketh In the seuentie fiue yeere Abram went out of Charan hauing receiued the promise from whence to the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt are numbred 430. yeeres Rather herein we are to follow Pauls interpretation of Moses then Genebrards who Gal. 3.17 accounts those foure hundred and thirtie yeeres mentioned by Moses Exod. 12.40 from the promise made to Abraham and not from the time that Iacob went downe with his familie into Egypt So that the departure out of Egypt after Scaligers computation and some others Perkins Adrichomius c. happened in the yeere of the World 2453. whereto if we adde those sixtie yeeres of Terahs life before mentioned it amounteth to two thousand fiue hundred and thirteene And so Broughton reckoneth Iunius and Lydyat account two thousand fiue hundred and nine The difference seemes to arise from hence that one accounteth from Abrams departing out of Vr of the Chaldees the other from his departure from Haran after his fathers death about fiue yeeres after But it were an endlesse worke to reconcile Chronologers in their different computations Some reckon the fiue and twentieth Scaliger the fifteenth of Aprill the day of their departure And then the Hebrewes began their yeere at the Spring-Equinoctiall which before they began in Autumne From this departure to the building of Salomons Temple Scaliger reckoneth foure hundred and eightie yeeres whose first foundations he saith were laid the nine and twentieth of May being Wednesday Anno Mundi 2933. and of the great Iulian Period which differeth seuen hundred sixtie foure yeeres from the yeere of the World 3697. In this computation of foure hundred and eightie yeeres betwixt the departure and foundation of the Temple many Chronologers agree Arias Montanus Adrichomius Broughton Perkyns Lydyat c. although some dissent much The summe ariseth of these parcels Moses died fortie yeeres after their deliuerance Ioshua ruled seuenteene Othoniel fortie Ehud fourescore Gideon fortie Abimelech three Thola twentie three Iaer twentie two Iephte sixe Ibsan seuen Elam ten Abdon eight Sampson twentie Heli fortie Samuel and Saul fortie Dauid fortie Salomon in the fourth yeere and second month beganne to build his Temple after which hee raigned thirtie seuen yeeres From thence to the destruction of the Temple vnder Zedekias are accounted foure hundred twentie and seuen This agrees with Ezekiels account reckoning a day for a yeere three hundred and ninety daies or yeeres after the Apostasie of Israel from God the rebellion against the house of Dauid in the beginning of Rehoboams raigne by the meanes of Ieroboam to which if we adde seuen and thirtie yeeres which Salomon raigned after the foundation of the Temple the summe is foure hundred twentie seuen The same appeareth thus Roboam reigned seuenteene yeeres Abiam three Asa fortie one Iehoshaphat twentie fiue Iehoram eight Ahaziah one Athaliah sixe Ioash fortie Amazia twentie nine Azaria or Vzzia fiftie two Betwixt Amazia and Azaria the kingdome was ruled eleuen yeeres by the States as some gather out of 2. Reg. 15.1 others reckon it not Iotham sixteene Ahaz sixteene Ezekiah twentie nine Manasses fiftie fiue Amon two Iosias thirtie one Iehoahaz three moneths Eliakim or Iehoiakim eleuen yeeres Iehoiachin three moneths Zedechiah or Mattaniah eleuen yeeres The little difference from the former number may be ascribed to the current and vnfinished yeeres of some of their raignes From this time of Sedekias ruine some begin the reckoning of the seuentie yeeres captiuitie in which time others comprehend all Sedekias raigne and account the returne vnder Cyrus to bee fiftie nine yeeres after this desolation and from thence a hundred and eight to the Edict of Darius Nothus from which time are numbred two hundred fiftie nine to the Dedication of Iudas Maccabeus and from thence a hundred sixtie two yeeres to the birth of Christ So Scaliger It were a worke irkesome to my selfe and tedious to the Reader to recite the variable opinions of Chronologers or to trauerse their arguments about these points To recite here their high Priests and later Kings with the time of their pontificalitie and raigne out of Arias Montanus I hold not vnfit First Iesus returned with Zorobabel and built the Temple whose time of Priest-hood after Scaliger Iunius and those that reckon vpon the Edict of Darius Nothus must needs be very long To leaue that therfore his sonne Ioacim succeeded in the Priest-hood twentie eight yeeres besides twentie yeeres with his father Eliasib held the Priest-hood one and fortie yeeres Ioiada twentie fiue Ionathan twentie foure Ieddoa twentie seuen till the time of Alexander Onias twentie seuen after Philo but Eusebius saith twentie three Simon Iustus thirteene Eleazar twentie Manasses twentie seuen Onias thirty nine Afterwards the Syrian Kings appointed high-Priests of whom Iason was Priest three yeeres Menelaus twelue yeeres in whose seuenth yeere Iudas Maccabeus began to administer the Common-wealth Ionathas brother of Iudas ruled eighteene yeeres Simon his brother was both Priest and Captaine eight yeeres Ioannes Hircanus his sonne thirtie one Whereas they had vsed to date their contracts according to the yeeres from Alexander as we reade in the bookes of Maccabees when Simon Hircanus was high Priest that order was abolished and another taken that euery date should be expressed in such or such a yeere of N. high Priest of the great God But lest
same Cockes sitting produced a Basiliske and telles of two such Cockes at Zirizea killed by the people which had found them sitting on such Egges Theophrast also saith that Serpents are plentifully ingendred of much Raine or effusions of Mens blood in Warre Mice are multiplyed in drie seasons which the store of them this drie Winter 1613. confirmeth of which hee saith there are great ones in Egypt with two feet which they vse as hands not going but scaping Ostriches keepe in companies in the Desarts making shewes a farre off as if they were troupes of Horsemen a ridiculous terrour to the Carauans of Merchants a foolish Bird that forgetteth his Nest and leaueth his Egges for the Sunne and Sands to hatch that eateth any thing euen the hardest Iron that heareth nothing They haue Eagles Parrots and other Fowles But none more strange then that which is termed Nifr bigger then a Crane preying vpon Carnon and by his flight buryeth his great body in the Clouds that none may see him whence hee espyeth his prey and liueth so long that all his feathers fall away by age and then is fostered by his young ones Other Fowles they haue too tedious to relate of which let the Reader consult Iobson Santos and other Relations in our Voyages published Grashoppers doe here often renue the Aegyptian plague which come in such quantitie that they intercept the shining of the Sunne like a Cloud and hauing eaten the Fruits and Leaues leaue their spawne behind worse then their predecessours deuouring the very barkes of the Leafe-lesse Trees The old depart none knowes whither and sometime with a South-East winde are carried into Spaine The Arabians and Libyans eate them before they haue spawned to that end gathering them in the morning before the Sunne hath dryed their winges and made them able to flie One man can gather foure or fiue bushels in a morning Orosius tells that once they had not onely eaten vp Fruits Leaues and Barke While they liued but being dead did more harme for being carried by a wind into the Sea and the Sea not brooking such morsels vomiting them vp againe on the shoare their putrified carkasses caused such a plague that in Numidia dyed thereof eight hundred thousand and on the Sea-coast neere Carthage and Vtica two hundred thousand and in Vtica it selfe thirtie thousand Souldiers which had beene mustred for the Garisons of Africa In one day were carried out of one Gate one thousand and fiue hundred carkasses They are said to come into Barbarie seuen yeeres together and other seuen not to come at which times Corne before so deare is sold for little and sometime not vouchsafed the reaping such is their soyle and plentie The iuyce of the young is poyson Plinie cals them a plague of Diuine Anger they she saith hee with such a noyse that one would take them for other Fowles and passe ouer huge tracts by Sea and Land In Italy the people by them haue beene driuen to Sibyllius remedies for feare of Famine In Cyrenaica there was a Law thrice a yeere to warre against them destroying the Egges first then the young and lastly the growne ones In Lemnos a certaine measure is appointed for each man to bring of them to the Magistrate And they hold Iayes in high regard because they kill them with flying against them In Syria men are compelled to kill them in Parthia they eate them The Scriptures also often threaten and mention this plague as Gods great Armie But otherwhere they seeme strangers In Aethiopia they haue their principall habitation Clenard mentioneth their mischiefes about Fez where they bring Cart-loades of them to fell the people deuouring these deuourers Aluares in his thirtie two and thirtie three Chapters tels of these Grashoppers in Aethiopia that in some places they made the people trusse vp bagge and baggage and seeke new Habitations where they might finde victuall The Countrey all Desart and destroyed and looking as if it had snowed there by reason of the vnbarked Trees and the fields of Mais the great stalkes whereof were troden downe and broken by them and in another place a Tempest of Raine and Thunder left them more then two yards thicke on the Riuersbanks This he saw with his Eyes But if we stay a little longer on this subiect the Reader will complaine of their troublesome companie heere The studious of Natures rarities in these parts may resort to Leo and others as also for their further satisfaction in the Fishes and Monsters of the water as the Hippopotamus in shape resembling a Horse in bignesse an Asse they goe into the Corne grounds of the Aegyptians and in their feeding goe backwards towards the Riuer so to beguile men who looking forwards for them they meane while conuey themselues into the Water In this Riuer of Nilus in the time of Mauritius Mena being Gouernour of Egypt there with many other saw neere the place where Cairo now standeth a Giantly monster from the bottome of his belly vpwards aboue the water like altogether to Man with flaxen hayre frowning Countenance and strong limbes Some imagined him to bee Nilus the supposed Riuer-deitie After hee had continued in the common view of all men three houres there came forth of the Water another like a Woman with a smooth face her haire partly hanging and partly gathered into a knot and blacke of colour her face very faire rosie lippes fingers and brests well proportioned but her lower parts hidden in the water Thus from morning till Sun-set they fedde their greedy eyes with this spectacle which then sanke downe againe into the Waters Hondius speakes of a Mermaid taken in the Netherlands and taught to Spin I sweare not to the truth of it But many Histories speake of some like Men in their whole shape both in our and other Coasts and some like Lions and for Mermaides in the Voyage of Henry Hudson for Northerly Discouerie 1608. Thomas Hils and Robert Rainer saw one rise by the Ship side on the fifteenth of Iune from the Nauill vpwards her backe and brests like a Woman as likewise her bignesse of body her afterparts like a Porpise and speckled like a Mackerill when they called their company to see it shee sanke downe I might adde many other Creatures strange and wonderfull and yet not so wonderfull as the effects and vertues which Albertus Mizaldus and others tell of these and other Creatures Such are the Sea-kine lesser then the Land-kine the Tartaruca a Tortoise which liueth in the Desarts of huge bignesse c. The people wich inhabite Africa are Arabians Moores Abissines Aegyptians and diuers sorts of the Heathens differing in Rites from each other as shall follow in our discourse The Monsters which Plinie and others tell of besides Munster and Sabellicus out of them I neither beleeue nor report CHAP. II. Of Aegypt and the famous Riuer Nilus and first Kings Temples and Monuments according to HERODOTVS
insert out of this Iew because I know none other Author that can acquaint vs with the State of Bagded in the time of her chiefe flourishing before it was destroyed by the Tartars Thus haue wee giuen you a Chronographicall view of the ancient Chaliphaes with their first and greatest Conquests omitting the lesser and later as in the yeere 807. in Sardinia and Corsica in 826. in Creete 843. in Sicil and presently after in Italy ouer-running Tuscan and burning the Suburbes of Rome it selfe with the Churches of Peter and Paul 845. the next yeere in Illyria Dalmatia besides the taking of Ancona in 847. chased by Pope Leo from Ostia These with other their affaires of warre in Lucania Calabria Apulia at Beneuentum Genua Capua which Cities they tooke I passe ouer After this great bodie grew lubberly and vnweldie it fell vnder the weight of it selfe none so much as the Saracens ouerthrowing the Saracens as their Sects and Diuisions make plaine Neuerthelesse this dis-ioyning and disioynting notwithstanding their Religion euen still couereth a great part of the world For besides the triumphing sword of the Turke Persian Mogore Barbarian and other Mahumetan Princes such is the zeale of the superstitious Mahumetan that in places furthest distant this their Religion hath beene preached which they trade together with their Marchandize euen from the Atlantike Ocean vnto the Philippinaes It hath sounded in China it hath pierced Tartaria and although the name of Christian extendeth it selfe into so many Sects and Professions in the Countries of Asia Afrike and America besides Europe almost wholly Christians yet it is hard to say whether there bee not as many Disciples and Professors of this ridiculous and impious deuotion as of all those which giue their names to Christ in whatsoeuer Truth or Heresie Master Brerewood accounteth the Mahumetans more then the Christians in proportion of sixe to fiue Thus hath the Field and the Church stooped to Mahomet wee may adde more Saul among the Prophets learning hath flourished among the Mahumetans at first vnlearned and rude but enemies to learning in others Yea they sought to propagate their impious Mahometrie and extirpate the Christian truth by that pollicie of Iulian prohibiting all learning to their Christian subiects Such a decree of Abdalla A. 766. is recited by Theophanes When the Kings of Africa possessed Spaine they founded Vniuersities both at Marocco it is Scaligers report and in Spaine allowing yeerely stipends to the Professors And in those times was great ignorance of good learning in the Latine Church when good Disciplines flourished exceedingly amongst the Muhammedans Yea whatsoeuer the Latines writ after the industrie of the Arabians had acquainted them with their ignorance is wholly to be ascribed to the Arabians both their Philosophie Physicke and Mathematikes For they had no Greeke Author which was not first translated into Arabike and thence into Latine as Ptolomey Euclide and the rest till Constantinople being taken by the Turkes the Greeke Exiles brought vs backe to the Fountaines Iohn Leo testifies that many ancient Authors and great volumes are amongst them translated out of the Latine which the Latines themselues haue lost But now the Muhammedans are growne artlesse in Africa only in Constantinople may good Arabike Persian works be gotten by the helpe of the Iewes Lud. Viues saith That they translated Arabike out of the Latine but he was not so well able to iudge therof although he rightly ascribeth the corrupting of Arts to vnskilful translations and sheweth the difference of Abenrois or Auerrois his Aristotle as the Latins haue him from the Greeke But his inuectiue is too bitter in condemning all the Arabians as vnlearned doting and sauouring more of the Alcoran then of Art and the Spaniard might beare some grudge to that Nation which so many hundred yeeres had spoyled Spaine still leauing the fourth part of the Spanish Language as Scaliger testifieth thereof Arabike in monument of their Conquest Of their learned men were Auicen Auerrois Auempace Algazel c. Philosophers Mesue Rasis and many other Physicians and Astrologers mentioned in the Chronicles of Zacuthi Leo and Abilfada Ismael Geographers Cairaon Bagded Fez Marocco Corduba c. were Vniuersities of Saracen students But now Learning and Schooles are decayed and ruined euen as at first also it was amongst some of them little countenanced as appeareth by that Hagag in the 96. yeere of the Hegira who being Gouernor or King of Irak in his sicknesse consulted with an Astrologer Whether the Stars had told him of any Kings death that yeere he answered That a King should die but his name was Cani Whereupon Hagag remembring that at his birth his mother had imposed that name on him I shall die saith he but thou shalt go one houre before and presently caused his head to be smitten off An vnhappie Harbengership in regard of his Art an vnhappie Art which can better tell others Destinies then their owne But no maruell in Hagag who was fleshed in bloud that his Herodian Testament should bee thus bloudie who in his life had in that Median Prouince slaine an hundred and twentie thousand men besides fiftie thousand men and fourescore thousand women which perished in his imprisonments Baghdad which is also called Dar-assalam that is The Citie of Peace receiued that name of a Monke called Bachdad who as Ben-Casen writeth serued a Church builded in that Medow But Abu-Giapar Almansur the second Abassaean Chalipha who wanne it A. Heg. 150. named it Dar-assalam It is the Citie Royall of Mesopotamia now called Diarbecr which the said Almansur placed in a large Plaine vpon Tigris and diuided by the Riuer into two Cities ioyned by a Bridge of Boats This Citie built in this place Almansur ruled many yeeres and after him other Chaliphaes till the 339. yeere of the Hegira in which King Aadhd-eddaule and Saif-eddaule tooke it who with their Successours enioyed it till Solymus the Ottoman Emperour subdued and is now ruled by a Bascia with many Ianizaries But hereof Ahmad Abi Bacr of Bachdad in his Annals will shew you more This Citie is famous for Schooles of all Sciences both in former and the present time Here Ahmad Assalami a famous Poet wrote his Verses Here Alpharabius the renowned Philosopher and Physician borne at Farab in Turcomannia professed these studies publikely with great applause and leauing many of his Schollers in this Cities went to Harran of Mesopotamia where finding Aristotles Booke De Auditu hee read it fortie times and wrote vpon the Booke that he was willing againe to reade it Hence hee went to Damascus and there dyed A. H. 339. Thus Ben-Casem in his Booke De viridario Electorum Bochara is an ancient Citie vpon Euphrates in a Village belonging whereto Honain Ali Bensina whom the Latines call Auicenna was borne A. H. 370. Hee gaue himselfe to Physicke very young and was the first which became Physician to
hee was so bold with the Emperour as to tell him to his face that if hee did neglect the cause of those Mahumetans hee might be thereunto by his subiects compelled Concerning the Mufti and other steps of their Hierarchy Master Knolles writeth That the Turkes haue certaine Colledges called Medressae at Constantinople Adrinople Bursia and other places in which they liue and studie their prophane Diuinitie and Law and haue among them nine seuerall steps or degrees vnto the highest dignitie The first is called Softi which are young Students The second are Calfi who are Readers vnto the first The third Hogi Writers of Bookes for they will suffer no Printing The fourth are Naipi or young Doctors which may supply the place of Iudges in their absence The fifth Caddi Iudges of their Law and Iustices to punish offenders of which there is one at least in euery Citie through the Turkish Dominion and are knowne from other men by their huge Turbants two yards in compasse The sixth are Muderisi which ouersee the Caddies doings and are as Suffragans to their Bishops who are the seuenth sort and are called Mulli which place and displace Church-men at their pleasure The eight Cadelescari who are but two great and principall Iudges or Cardinals the one of Graecia the other of Natolia and these two sit euery day in the Diuano among the Bassaes and are in great reputation The ninth is the Mufti who is among the Turkes as the Pope among the Roman Catholikes When the Bassaes punish any offence against their Law they send to him Hee may not abase himselfe to sit in the Diuano neither when hee comes into the presence of the Grand Seignior will he vouchsafe to kisse his hand or to giue any more reuerence then he receiueth The Great Sultan ariseth to honour him when hee comes vnto him and then they both sit downe face to face and so talke and conferre together No man can ascend to this place but by the dignities aforesaid Mahomet the third forced by a tumult of the Ianizaries to present himselfe vnto them came accompanied with the Mufti and some few others of the reuerend Doctors of their Law who were by the Sultan commanded to sit downe whiles the great Bassaes abode standing Such respect it had to these men Thus much Knolles In the Booke of the Policie of the Turkish Empire it is said that the Mufties authority is like to that of the Iewish High Priest or Roman Pope I rather esteeme it like to that of the Patriarkes of Alexandria Antioch c. as binding not all Mahumetans but the Turkes onely whereas the one had the other challengeth a subiection of all which professe their religion That Author also affirmeth that whensoeuer the Mufti goeth abroad forth of his own house which he vseth to doe very seldome his vse and custome is first to goe and visit the Emperour who as soone as hee seeth him comming to salute him and doe him reuerence presently ariseth out of his seat and embracing him with great kindnesse entertaineth him very friendly and louingly causing him to sit downe by him and giuing him the honour of the place His authoritie saith Soranzo is so great that none will openly contradict the Mufties sentence but yet if the Emperour be setled in a resolution the Mufti with feare or flattery inclines vnto him Next to the Mufti is the Cadilescher who being also chosen by the Emperour may bee compared to those whom the Christians call Patriarches or else to the Primats and Metropolitans of a Kingdome Of these there are now in this encreased greatnesse of the Turkish Empire three whereas it seemeth that they had in the time of Baiazet but one and long after as before is said but two To one of these is assigned Europe namely so much thereof as is subiect to the Turke for his Prouince To the second Natolia or Turky to the third Syria and Egypt with the parts adioyning There were but two Cadileschers till Selym wan Syria and Egypt and erected a third But Soranzo saith that this third of Cairo is not rightly called Cadilescher but should rather be called the great Cadi Out of all which Prouinces whatsoeuer causes come to be determined by appeale or otherwise they are brought to be decided before the Cadilescher of the same Prouince whence they arise notwithstanding that the abode of each of them be continually or for the most part at Constantinople or elsewhere wheresoeuer the Emperour holdeth his Court The honour done to them is little lesse then to the Mufti for that their authoritie is ouer Priest and people temporall and spirituall they are also learned in their law aged and experienced Of the Muderisi and Mulli I can say no more then I haue done Next to these are the Cadi which are sent abroad and dispersed into euery Citie and Towne of the Turkish Empire which besides their Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction as I may terme it in forcing man to their religious obseruations are as it were Iusticers and Gouernours of the places So neere glued are the Offices and Officers the religion and politie of the Turkes There are other which are not sent forth which are called Choza that is Elders These with the Talismans haue the ordering of their Parishionall Churches The Thalisman calling the people to prayer and the Choza executing the Seruice and Preaching and in absence each supplying others Office Menauino more distinctly and in other names numbreth those Church-officers The Modecis is a Gouernour of an Hospitall receiuing and disposing the rents with the other customes thereof Their Schoole degrees are before spoken of out of Knolles Some adde to these former these other Priests of baser condition The Antippi are certaine Priests which vpon Friday called of them Glumaagun and is obserued as their Sabbath because Mahomet as some hold was borne on that day and on other their fasting and feasting-dayes after they haue vsed diuers Ceremonies in a certaine place in the middest of the Temple about thirtie steps high from thence read vnto the people something concerning the life of Mahomet After which two little boyes stand vp and sing certaine Prayers Which being ended the Priest and all the people sing a Psalme with a low voyce and then for halfe an houre together they cry Illah illelah that is there is but one God After all this one of these Antippi out of that high place sheweth forth vnto the people a Lance and Scimitar with exhortation to vse their Swords and Lances in defence of their Religion Of the Imam and Meizin is elsewhere shewed that the one calleth the people to the Mosche or Meschit the other there celebrateth publike Orisons The Sophi also are certaine Clerks or Priests employed in the singing of Psalmes and Hymnes after their manner in their Churches at the times of publike Prayers All these inferior Orders of Priests are chosen by
or Indus Here was Pitchte Can his Tents pitched like a little Citie he was Embassadour into Persia On the foure and twentieth they came to Lahore Their Report of this agrees with Master Coryats whose Relation thereof is lately published They say it is the best of India plentifull of all things or in Master Coryats words such a delicate and euen Tract of ground as I neuer saw before and hee hath seene a great deale besides his Europaean sights at Venice since at Constantinople hauing added more Asian Titles to his before Admired Name then the ancient Roman Scipio's or Caesars dreamt of yea more then Iustinian in the Prooeme of his Imperiall Institutions hath marshalled and mustered together the furthest foot English-Traueller that our dayes haue had and the longest English stile which our eares haue heard with many rests for your wearied breath by the way a stile indeed so high you can hardly get ouer HIEROSOLYMITAN SYRIAN MESOPOTAMIAN ARMENIAN MEDIAN-PARTHIAN-PERSIAN INDIAN LEGGE STRETCHER OF ODCOMB Euen this our Odcombian Foot-Pilgrime which makes your Pen-Pilgrime in I know not what liking or likenesse at the very mention of his Name to sympathize and his braines to fall in Trauell as learnedly mad scarsly able to containe wonted words and wits in this extaticall gaze and maze of that Propatetike Foot ready to admire adore and kisse and yet O braines No braines to enuy that his lowest part For who is able to know his better parts He doubts whether the like be to be found within the whole Circumference of the habitable World A row of Trees extends it selfe on both sides the way from the Towns end of Lahore twentie dayes iourney to the Townes end of Agra most of them bearing saith Still a kinde of Mulbery The way is dangerous by night for Theeues by day secure Euery fiue or sixe Course there are faire Seraes of the Kings or Nobles for beautifying the way memory of their Names and entertainment of Trauellers where you may haue a Chamber and a Place to set your Horses with store of Horse-meat but in many of them little prouision for Men by reason of the Banian Superstition When a man hath taken vp his lodging in one of these no other man may dispossesse him About day-breake all make readie to depart together and then the Gates are opened till then shut for feare of Theeues After the Sun hath beene vp two houres the heat makes trauell irksome Lahore is one of the fairest and ancientest Cities in India standing on Indus It containeth at the least M. Coryat tells you sixteene miles in compasse Twelue daies before hee came there he passed Indus there as broad as the Thames at London In the mid-way betwixt Lahor and Agra ten miles out of the way on the left hand a Mountainous people are said to haue but one Wife to all the Brethren of one Family as wee haue elsewhere spoken of the Arabians Merchants resort to this Citie out of all parts of India imbarking their goods here in great Boats for Tutta the chiefe Citie in Sinda a Trade of much importance in times of Peace to the Portugals which by this way Traded to Ormus and Persia and this way also furnishing India with Pepper Twelue or fourteene thousand Camels lading yeerely passeth from hence to Persia by Candahar before the Wars with the Portugalls but three thousand this mountainous way being in Winter cold in Summer hot The Carauans spend sixe or seuen moneths betwixt Lahor and Spahan Spices are deere in Persia by reason of the long land-carriage from Mesulapatan this way Still and Crowther departed from Lahor May the thirteenth and on the two and twentieth came to Multan a great and ancient Citie within three Course of Indus but poore for which cause they detaine the Carauans there diuers dayes eight ten or twelue to benefit the Citie They entred the Mountaines the second of Iune where they had brackish water the third and fourth daies they trauelled all night climing high Mountaines and following water-courses and so continued till they came to Chatcha on the tenth In all these eight dayes trauell is no sustenance for Man or Beast except in some places a little grasse and therefore at Lacca in the beginning of this way they hyred an Oxe to carry Barly for their Horses On the nineteenth they came to Duckee another Fort of the Mogols and the seuen and twentieth passed the Durwas or straits of the Hils dangerous narrow wayes on both sides menaced by high Rocks from whence a few with stones may stop great multitudes and diuers Carauans are thus cut off For the Agwans or Puttans the Mountaine Inhabitants are a theeuish people The second of Iuly they came to Pesimga another Fort and passing thence ouer a mightie Mountaine on the seuenth came to Candahar The Agwans are white stout strong rob Carauans sell all stragglers but now with feare and the gaine they get by selling their Cattell to the Carauans they are more tractable Couert saith they weare their beards long are not Mahumetans their Priests weare Sackcloth with great chaines about their middles falling downe and praying in Sack-cloth and Ashes At Candahar they hire Camels for India or Persia hence into Persia the Countrey is barren and therefore they go in smaller companies sometimes in two or three dayes trauell not seeing a greene thing at their lodging-places water but often brackish and stinking Hence they departed Iuly the three and twentieth and on the fiue and twentieth came to Cushecunna the vtmost Garrison in the Mogols Frontiers thirtie Course from Candahar On the seuen and twentieth they came to Grees a Castle of the Sophies a Course from the Riuer Sabba which separateth the Persian and Mogoll Confines The people of Grees are Theeues and the Captaine little better then a Rebell From hence they reckon their way by farsangs parasangae fiue of which make two Courses They trauelled August the sixth to Farra a Towne walled with Sun-dryed Brick and stored with Water without which here is no store and therefore they carry it in some places if there be good ground three or foure miles vnder ground Heere they vse men kindly as they goe into Persia for feare of complaint but in their returne to India very hardly searching them to the skin for Gold which to carry out or any Siluer coyne but the Kings is death On the twelfth day they were faine to dig for water On the two and twentieth they came to Deuzayde where they pretend all to be Religious people On September the fifteenth I still follow Still they came to Spahan where they found Sir Robert Sherly then dispatched in Embassage for Spaine from the King of Persia by the way or Ormus for Goa and thence to Lisbon Hee procured the Kings Great Seale to all his Gouernours of Sea-Ports kindly to entertaine the English at Iasques c. dated Sertember the thirtieth 1615. the same day that
a Ship after the fashion of ours which as he could he did which wan him fauour and a larger annuitie Hee after built him another an hundred and twentie tunnes and by this meanes and acquainting him with some principles of Geometry and the Mathematikes grew in such fauour that the Iesuits and Portugals his quondam enemies were now glad to vse him as a mediatour in their suits to the Emperour Hee hath now giuen him a Lordship with eightie or ninetie Husbandmen or Slaues to serue him a fauour neuer before done to any Stranger He could neuer obtaine leaue to returne home to his wife but the Emperour was contented he should write for a Dutch and English trade to be there established yeerly They haue there saith he an Indies of money a good attractiue to bring them thither And thither since both Hollanders and English haue resorted The first English ship that there arriued was the Cloue anno 1613. Generall Saris aduenturing from Bantam thither by the Moluccas and after an intricate passage amongst Rockes and Ilands which he feared would haue inclosed him without possibilitie of Egresse through an open Sea he arriued at last at Firando He was well entertayned there by King Foyen and his Nephew the young King who comming aboord began their Complements of Salutation at the feet putting off their shooes and joyning their hands the right within the left moued them to and fro before their knees They were entertained with a banquet and musicke to their good content No sooner were they gone but multitudes of their Gentrie came aboord with their Presents but to preuent danger they obtayned a Gardiano from the King Daily they were oppressed with multitudes to gaze on the Ship and her beautifull Sterne and some women seeing the Pictures of Venus and Cupid hanging in the Generals Cabin fell on their knees thereto whispering for they durst not openly professe it that they were Christianos and this Picture they tooke to bee that of Our Lady and Her Sonne such a ridiculous Image scarsly an Image of truth is there in Images called Lay-mens bookes indeed Doctrines of vanity and Teachers of lies whence it is an easie discent to Yee worship yee know not what After that the King came aboord againe with his Women which there sang and played on Instruments obseruing time and that by booke as it was pricked but with harsh musicke to English eares Hee gaue him the choyse of diuers houses to hire for his abode but little sale might be made the people not daring to trade till the Emperours License was obtayned Sixe weekes he stayed here expecting the comming of Master Adams before named with whom he after passed to the Court eight hundred miles further First from this Iland by water to Ozaca thence to Surunga or Sorungo where the old Emperour resides He was well prouided of necessaries for his Water-passage by the King of Firando and for his Land-iourney also with Men and a Palankine for Himselfe and a spare Horse and one and twenty other horses for his men raken vp as with vs Post-horses by the way The third day after they were come to Sorungo they were admitted to the Emperours presence in his Castle where they ascended on certaine stayres and came to a matted roome in which they sate a while on the matts after the Easterne fashion wayting the comming of the Emperour to whom they were anon admitted and deliuered His Maiesties Letter vnto Him which He tooke and layd vpon his head and with promise of speedy dispatch willed them to repaire to their lodging after their tedious journey Thence they went to Edoo where the Prince keepes his Court and found honourable entertainment Surungo is as bigge as London with the Suburbes but Edoo is both a greater and fairer Citie all or most of the Nobilitie hauing there their faire Houses gilded and making a gallant shew The old Emperour wisely makes way to his Sonnes succession almost putting him into present possession of the State by the greater Court and Pompe heere then at Surunga The Princes Secretary is Father and therefore of greater experience to the Secretary of the Emperour The Prince is aboue fortie yeeres old He returned to Surunga and had Articles of Trade granted which the Secretary aduised they should propound as briefely as might be the Iaponians affecting breuitie These * I haue seene in the Iaponian Character seeming to differ from that of the Chinois in forme but like for paper and manner of writing with pensils taking the Inke from a stone whereon it is mixed with water the lines downewards multiplyed from the right hand to the left sealed with a redde print of Inke and not with Waxe Some say the Iaponians haue letters Captaine Saris brought diuers of their bookes which seeme rather to be Characters then Letters as farre as I can guesse vnlike to the Chinois yet with like art of Printing the Pictures in their bookes not comparable to the Art in ours He heard that they had but twenty Characters which must be vnderstood of Letters for Characters standing for entire words cannot easily be numbred as in China we haue obserued Being returned after the view of Meaco to Firando He there setled a Factorie of English Merchandise leauing Master Cockes with some others of our Nation there in Trade Himselfe returning from Bantam Since this some Intelligence hath beene receiued from Master Cockes as wee shall obserue in due place and others haue beene employed in this Iaponian Trade whither the Chinois resort with many Iunkes notwithstanding their mutuall hatred the Iaponian ready to kill that Man which shall call him a Chinese and the Chinois so hating all Trade with Strangers that themselues heere reported that fiue thousand had lately beene slaine by the King therefore and the Officers put out of their places the new Officers neuerthelesse for bribes permitting These this Egresse And this may serue by the way to answer such as will by no meanes beleeue that the Iesuites haue set foot in China because the Chinois dare not for any summe carry a Stranger thither and protest that none are admitted no nor any Iesuites there seene For all this I easily beleeue the Iesuites also acknowledge and therefore in many yeeres euen after the Mart was permitted in Canton to the Portugals could not bee admitted till great importunitie after many many repulses on the one side and on the other side bribes preuayled especially for These as not seeming dangerous so few in number so sacred in profession so farre in habitation so Admirable for Arts so liberall in the Giuing Art which goes beyond all the Seuen Liberall and at last after many yeeres pressing with Presents vnto the King Himselfe and those so acceptable as in that Story is mentioned The Chinois at Bantam knew it not and no maruell for these were Merchants neere the Coast from which the Iesuites had their Residences very remote Their China fashion
of keeping much within going abroad with their faces couered with Vailes Fannes and chayre Curtaines and so few in such a Sea of people might easily escape their sight Somewhat that before by vs related more the Iesuites owne Histories can cleere this point which I heere mention because diuers in speech and writing so confidently affirme that none of the Iesuites are or haue beene in China when as yet in so many forreine Ports they meet with China-Merchants all trading on perill of their liues if briberie preuented not seueritie But I will not kindle that fire of contention in these Relations which betweene those Nations so easily flameth the Chinois and Iaponians The Emperour sent his Letter to his Maiestie of Great Britaine as did also the King of Firando with promise of much kindnesse to His Subiects which with many other Rarities of this and the rest of Captayne Saris his Voyage and Actions in the Red-sea at Bantam the Moluccas and other Places I haue in my bookes of Voyages now published to which and other Iaponian voyages there added I referre the more Studious §. III. Of the Gouernment and Courage of the Iaponers YEe haue heard that in the Empire of Iapon are sixtie sixe Signiories or petty Kingdomes all subiect to one Monarch Touching their ancient Kings wee can say little but as it seemes in these last eight hundred yeeres They haue had much Ciuil-warre each labouring to make Himselfe Lord of as much as he could The three last haue beene the greatest which Iapon in many ages hath seene The first of these was Nabunanga a great Tyrant a greater was Quabacondono his Successour both in Tyrannie and Empire who from a Cutter of wood climbed to the Imperiall Soueraigntie Hee had a Nephew whom Hee caused to be made Quabacondono contenting Himselfe with the Title of Taicosama but growing in jealousie of this Rising Sunne soone brought Him to a Set enforcing Him to crosse or kill Himselfe with other of his Companions after the Iaponian manner Before his Death hauing no Children but one Infant He sent for Gieiaso Lord of eight Kingdomes and committed to Him as Protectour the Administration of the Kingdome adjoyning as Counsellers foure other great Princes and fiue other of His owne Creatures that these Decem-viri might rule the State in the Minority of his Sonne For further securitie He tooke an Oath of these and all the Nobilitie and married the Neece of Gieiaso to this young Emperour being about two yeeres old Hee also made marriages betwixt others of the Nobilitie to hold them in concord But these bonds were too weake for soone after the Nine Counsellers or Gouernours brake out against Daifusama so was Gieiaso now called whom Taicosama had appointed chiefe of the Tenne and this fire beeing smothered kindled the second time into a greater flame which brought all Iapan into combustion wherein Daifusama being Conquerour added many Kingdomes to his owne and at last the Empire also which was all this while entituled vpon Firoi or Fireizama or Findeorizama the Sonne of Taicosama Daifusama vsurping the Empire changed his Title into Cubo Captaine Saris calls him Ogoshasama perhaps a later Title He holds more Kingdomes in his hand then any formerly fifteene beside those that Taicosama held this being their policy to keepe some Signiories immediatly subiect and make others Tributary This Emperour fortified at Gieudo or Edoo in his Kingdome of Quanto employing three hundred thousand continually in his works from February to September where now his Sonne resides as apparant Heire to this Monarchy Fireisama Sonne of Taicosama keepes at Ozaca where by later Intelligence from Master Cockes wee vnderstand that there haue resorted to him of Exiles Male-contents and others eighty or a hundred thousand against whom Ogoshasama gathered an Army of three hundred thousand the issue of which warre we haue not yet heard but onely that Ozaca a City as bigge as London within the wals is burned All Iapon sometime obeyed one Prince called Vo or Dairi who at length addicting himselfe to his priuate delights and putting off the burthen of ruling to his Officers grew in contempt and at last euery one seized on his owne Prouince whereof you haue heard there are threescore and sixe leauing the Dairi a bare title and a Heralds Kingdome to giue termes of honour at his pleasure whence he rayseth great reuenue otherwise subiect excepting his Title as are all the rest to the Lord of Tensa so they call the noblest Kingdome adioyning to Meaco This Vo or Dairi descendeth by succession from the ancient Kings out of which he is chosen and is honoured as a God He may not touch the ground with his foote which if he doe he is put by the place neuer goeth out of his house seldome is seene of the people He sitteth in his seat with a Bow and Arrowes on one hand of him on the other a Dagger If he should kill any or if hee shew himselfe an enemy to peace hee is depriued as well as if he had trodden on the ground All great men haue their Factors with him to procure new Titles of honour the only fewell of his greatnesse The King of China giuing Royall Ensignes to Taicosama perswaded him to depose and abolish the Dairi which he liued not to effect They haue another generall Officer or chiefe Iustice which denounceth war and in peace giueth sentence on matters in controuersie But these are but the Instruments of the Lords of Tensa as are also the Bonzij These are their Religious among whom one is supreme in cases spirituall by whom all their old Holies are ordered and all new are confirmed or dashed The Tundi which are as their Bishops are by Him consecrated and confirmed although their nomination be by Lay-patrons He dispenseth with them in diuers Priuiledges and Immunities he enioyeth great Reuenue and Soueraignty and is aduanced hereto by money and kindred The Tundi giue Priestly orders dispense in smaller matters as eating flesh on daies prohibited They are subiect in spirituall things to these in secular affaires to their Kings and Ciuill Magistrates Through their diuisions and many wars they were much infested with Robbers and Pyrats till Quabocondonus in stead of so many Tyrants erected One and became vniuersall Monarch of Iapon Betweene him and the King of China hapned warres about the Kingdome of Coray which the Iaponites left vpon his death and the Chinois also as caring for no more then they already had Many of them still are Pyrats very much feared and not suffered to land in any place Captaine Dauis had experience of their daring spirits to his cost for hauing taken a ship of them and not possessing himselfe of their weapons because of their humble semblance they watched opportunity and slue him and thought to haue taken their takers and made themselues Masters of the English ship hauing a watch-word or token for those aboord their owne
other beasts wherevpon by the peoples entreatie who had learned the storie of him he was freed and the beast giuen him which followed him with a Line in the streets the people pointing and sayingt Hic est homo Medicus leonis Hic est leo hospes hominis One Elpis a Samian performed a cure on another Lion pulling a bone out of his throat at the Lions gaping and silent moane and in remembrance hereof built a Temple at his returne to Bacchus at Sango whom before hee had inuoked before in feare of a Lion Plinie and Solinus among other African beasts mention the Hyaena which some thinke to be Male one yeere and Female another by course This Aristotle denyes This beast hath no necke ioynt and therefore stirres not his necke but with bending about his whole body He will imitate humane voyce and drawing neere to the sheepe-coates hauing heard the name of some of the shepheards will call him and when hee comes deuoure him They tell that his eyes are diuersified with a thousand colours that the touch of his shaddow makes a dogge not able to barke By engendring with this beast the Lionesse brings forth a Crocuta of like qualities to the Hyaena Hee hath one continued tooth without diuision throughout his mouth Some thinke this Hyaena to bee the Lycanthropos or Man-wolfe some the Ciuet. Cat some a fable howsoeuer old and late Philosophers Physitians and Historians mention it Something perhaps told of it is fabulous But it is absurd to denie the eye-sight of so many witnesses He that will reade a pleasant storie of the taking them let him reade Buibequius his Epistles if an entire storie Banhinus his second booke De Hermaphroditis In Africa also are wilde Asses among which one Male hath many Females a iealous beast who for feare of after encroching bites off the stones of the young Males if the suspicious Female preuent him not by bringing forth in a close place where hee shall not finde it The like is told of Beuers which being hunted for the medicinable qualitie of their stones are said to bite them off when they are in danger to be taken paying that ransome for their liues It cannot be true that is reported of the Hyaeneum a stone found in the Hyaena's eye that being put vnder the tongue of a man bee shall foretell things to come except hee foretell this That no man will beleeue what our Authour before hath told The Libard is not hurtfull to men except they annoy him but killeth and eateth dogges Dabuh is the name of a simple and base creature like a Wolfe saue that his legges and feete are like to a mans so foolish that with a song and a taber they which know his haunt will bring him out of his den and captiue his eares with their musicke while another captiuateth his legs with a rope Scaliger thinkes this is the Hyaena which the Turkes call Zirtlan and take with a rope fastened to the legge he that goes in professing he is not there till they be there sure of him The Zebra of all Creatures for beautie and comelinesse is admirably pleasing resembling a Horse of exquisite composition but not all so swift all ouer-laid with partie-coloured Laces and gards from Head to Taile They liue in great Heards as I was told by my friend Andrew Battle who liued in the Kingdome of Congo many yeeres and for the space of some moneths liued on the flesh of this Beast which hee killed with his Peece For vpon some quarrell betwixt the Portugals among whom he was a Sergeant of a band and him he liued eight or nine moneths in the Woods where hee might haue view of hundreds together in Heards both of these and of Elephants So simple was the Zebra that when hee shot one he might shoot still they all standing still at gaze till three or foure of them were dead But more strange it seemed which he told me of a kinde of great Apes if they might so bee tearmed of the height of a man but twice as bigge in feature of their limbes with strength proportionable hairie all ouer otherwise altogether like Men and Women in their whole bodily shape except this that their legges had no calues They liued on such wilde fruits as the Trees and Woods yeelded and in the night time lodged on the Trees Hee was accompanied with two Negro-Boyes and they carried away one of them by a sudden surprise yet not hurting him as they vse not to doe any which they take except the Captiue doe then looke vpon them This slaue after a moneths life with them conueyed himselfe away againe to his Master Other Apes there are store and as Solinus reporteth Satyres with feete like Goates and Sphynges with brests like women and hairie whereof Pierius saith hee saw one at Verona and a kind of Conies also at the same time foure times as bigge as the ordinary and which is more incredible had each of them foure genitall members Philippo Pigafetta speaketh in his Relation of Congo of other Beasts in Africa as of the Tygre as fierce and cruell as Lions making prey of Man and Beast yet rather deuouring blacke men then white whose Mustachios are holden for mortall poyson and being giuen in meates cause men to die madde The Empalanga is somewhat like to an Oxe Their Sheepe and Goates neuer bring forth lesse then two and sometimes three or foure at a time They haue Wolues Foxes Deere Red and Fallow Roe-buckes Ciuet-cats Sables and Marterns The Riuer-horse seemes peculiar to Africa a beast somewhat resembling a Horse shorter-legged with great feet and a very great head with horrible teeth so fearefull by Land that a Child may affright them and in the Water as their proper element though their aliment be Grasse Corne in the blade and other like from the earth they are audacious and daring But of this and many other African Creatures too long heere to relate the Reader may informe himselfe more fully in my Voyages in Iobson Battell Santos Aluares Iohn Leo and others there published §. III. Of Crocadiles Serpents and other strange Creatures THey haue Snakes and Adders whereof some are called Imbumas fiue and twentie spannes long liuing in Land and Water not venemous but rauenous and lurke in Trees for which taking purpose Nature hath giuen it a litle horne or claw within two or three foot of the Taile waiting for their prey which hauing taken it deuoureth hornes hoofes and all although it bee a Hart. And then swolne with this so huge a meale it is as it were drunke and sleepie and vnweldie for the space of fiue or sixe dayes The Pagan Negroes roast and eate them as great dainties The biting of their Vipers killeth in foure and twentie houres space Africa for monsters in this kinde hath been famous as in the Roman historie appeareth Attilius Regulus the Romane Consul in the first Punicke
38. and 39. The temperature agreeth with English bodies not by other meanes distempered The Summer is hot as in Spaine the Winter cold as in France and England certaine coole Brizes doe asswage the vehemency of the heate The great Frost in the yeere 1607. reached to Virginia but was recompenced with as milde a Winter with them the next yeere And the Winter Anno 1615. was as cold and frosty one fortnight as that There is but one entrance by Sea into this Country and that at the mouth of a very goodly Bay The Capes on both sides were honoured with the names of our Britanian hopes Prince Henry and Duke Charles The water floweth in this Bay neere two hundred miles and hath a channell for a hundred and forty miles of depth betwixt seuen and fifteene fathome of breadth ten or fourteene miles At the head of the Bay the Land is Mountaynous and so runneth by a Southwest Line from which Mountaynes proceed certaine Brooks which after come to fiue principall Nauigable Riuers The Mountaynes are of diuers composition some like Mil-stones some of Marble many pieces of Chrystall they found throwne downe by the waters which also wash from the Rockes such glistering Tinctures that the ground in some places seemeth gilded The colour of the earth in diuers places resembleth Bole-Armoniac terra sigillata and other such apparances but generally is a blacke sandy molde The Riuer next to the mouth of the Bay is Powhatan the mouth whereof is neere three miles broad it is Nauigable an hundred miles falls rocks shoalds prohibite further Nauigation hence Powhatan their greatest King hath his Title In a Peninsula on the Northside thereof is situate Iames Towne The people inhabiting which haue their Weroances are the Kecoughtans which haue not past twenty fighting men The Paspaheghes haue forty Chichahamania two hundred The Weanocks an hundred The Arrowhatocks thirty The Place called Powhatan forty The Appamatusks threescore The Quiyonghcohanocks fiue and twenty The Warraikoyacks forty The Naudsamunds two hundred The Chesapeacks an hundred The Chickahamanians are not gouerned by a Weroance but by the Priests No place affordeth more Sturgeon in Summer of which at one draught haue beene taken threescore and eight nor in Winter more Fowle Fourteene miles from Powhatan is the Riuer Pamaunke nauigable with greater Vessels not aboue threescore and ten miles Toppahanok is nauigable an hundred and thirty miles Patawomeke an hundred and twenty To speake of Powtuxunt Bolus and other Riuers on the East side of the Bay likewise of diuers places which receiued name by some accident as Fetherstones Bay so called of the death of one of ours there happening and the like or to mention the numbers which euery people can make would exceed our scope and the Readers patience Captaine Smiths Map may somewhat satisfie the desirous and his Booke now printed further This the Captaine saith that hee hath beene in many places of Asia and Europe in some of Africa and America but of all holds Virginia by the naturall endowments the fittest place for an earthly Paradise Alexander Whitaker the Preacher at Henrico writes that at the mouth of Powhatan are the Forts of Henrico and Charles two and forty miles vpward is Iames Towne and threescore and ten miles beyond that the new Towne of Henrico ten miles higher the fals where the Riuer falleth downe betweene many minerall Rockes twelue miles beyond a Chrystall Rocke wherewith the Indians head their Arrowes three dayes iourney from thence is a Rocke or Hill found couered ouer with a rich siluer Ore Our men that went to discouer those parts had but two Iron Pickaxes with them and those so ill tempered that the points turned againe at euery stroke but tryall was made of the Ore with argument of much hope Sixe dayes iourney beyond this Mine runs a ridge of Hils beyond which the Indians report is a great Sea which if it bee true is the South Sea At Henrico they are exceeding healthfull and more then in England Master Thomas Hariot hath largely described the Commodities which the Water and Earth yeeld set forth also in Latine with exquisite Pictures by Theodore de Bry besides the relations of Brereton and Rosier and others There is a Grasse which yeeldeth silke beside store of Silke-wormes Hempe and Flaxe surpassing ours in growth and goodnesse exceeded by a new found stuffe of a certaine sedge or water-flagge which groweth infinitely and with little paines of boyling yeeldeth great quantitie of sundry sorts of Skeines of good strength and length some like silke and some like Flaxe and some a courser sort as Hempe There is also a rich veine of Allum of Terra Sigillata Pitch Tarre Rozen Turpentine Sassafras Cedar Grapes Oyle Iron Copper and the hope of better Mines Pearle sweete Gummes Dyes Timber Trees of sweet wood for profit and pleasure of which kinde haue beene discouered fourteene seuerall kinds Neither is it needfull that heere I relate the Commodites of Virginia for food in Fowles Beasts Fishes Fruites Plants Hearbes Berries Graines especially their Maiz which yeeldeth incredible recompence for a little labour One Acre of ground will yeeld with good husbandry two hundred Bushels of Corne They haue two Roots the one for Medicinall vse to cure their hurts called Weighsacan the other called Tockahough growing like a flagge of the greatnesse and taste of a Potato which passeth a fiery purgation before they may eate it being poyson whiles it is raw Yet in all this abundance our men haue had small store but of want and no fire nor water could purge that poyson which was rooted in Some to the hinderance of the Plantation The chiefe Beasts of Virginia are Beares lesse then those in other places Deere like ours Aronghcun much like a Badger but liuing on trees like a Squirrell Squirrels as big as Rabbets and other flying Squirrels called Assepanicke which spreading out their legs and skins seeme to flye thirty or forty yards at a time The Opassom hath a head like a Swine a tayle like a Rat as bigge as a Cat and hath vnder her belly a bagge wherein she carrieth her yong Their Dogges barke not Their Wolues are not much bigger then our Foxes Their Foxes are like our siluer-haired Conies and smell not like ours Mussascus is otherwise as our Water-Rat but smelleth strongly of Muske Master Whitaker saith they yeeld Muske as the Musk-Cats doe Their Vetchunquoys are wild Cats Their vermine destroyed not our Egges and Pullen nor were their Serpents or Flyes any way pernicious They haue Eagles Hawkes wild Turkeyes and other Fowle and Fish which here to repeate would to some nice fastidious stomacks breed a fulnesse though with some of their Countrimen in Virginia they would haue beene sauoury sometimes and dainty They are a people clothed with loose Mantles made of Deeres skins and aprons of the same round about their middles all else naked of stature like to vs in England They
with English bodies the ground as fertile as any they say in the World Ambergreece Pearle Cedars and other vnknowne Timbers store of Whales and other Commodities which would bee tedious to rehearse which I hope and pray may further prosper to the profit of this and the Virginia Plantations From hence and thence I am now passing in an English Ship for England where to passe away tediousnesse of the Voyage I will entertayne my Reader with a Discourse of the more then tedious and fastidious Spanish cruelties CHAP. XV. Of the Spanish cruelties in the West Indies and of their peruerse Conuersion of the Indians vnto Christianitie FOr as much as the Papists doe vsually glory in the purchase of a New World vnto their Religion and would haue men beleeue that since this Scripture-Heresie hath made new Rome to tremble now no lesse then Hannibal did her Pagan-mother they haue a new supply with much aduantage in this Westerne World of America and they make this their Indian Conuersion one of the Markes of the truenesse and Catholicisme of their Church which hath gained if Posseuine lye not an hundred times as much in the New World towards the West South and East by new Conuerts as it hath lost in the North parts by Heretickes where through both the Hemispheres saith Hill these thousand yeeres nay as farre as the Sunne shineth there is no tongue nor people nor climate which hath not in some measure such a measure perhaps as he measured his truth and wit withall in this assertion the Catholike Roman Religion I would we could borrow the height of this Hill whereon to stand and ouer-view so many parts of the World yet vnknowne and learne of this Giant Atlas how easily may this Mute become a Liquid which beareth thus the Hemisphere of his Roman Heauen on his mounting shoulders a new Geographie But his impudencie is already sufficiently whipped and exposed to the Worlds derision by Him the neerenesse of whose presence doth now so much glad me after so long and farre a Pilgrimage His learned Pen hath shewed the like bold brags of Bristow and Stapleton his Masters and prooued them Fables For further confutation whereof it shall not be amisse to obserue the proceedings of the Spaniards in these parts And herein we will vse the witnesse of men of their owne Romish Religion Iosephus Acosta a Iesuite writeth that the Indians conceiue an implacable hatred against the Faith by the scandall of the Spaniards cruelties and that they haue baptized some by force Vega accuseth them of baptizing without making them know the faith or taking knowledge of their life And how could it otherwise be when we find it recorded of sundry of their Preachers that baptized each one of them aboue an hundred thousand and that in few yeeres In so much that as is storied by Surius it is to be found among the Records of Charles the fift that some old Priest hath baptized seuen hundred thousand another three hundred thousand Some of these were so good Christians that they still continued as Nunno de Guzman writeth to the Emperour the Sacrifices of humane flesh Ouiedo writeth that they haue but the name of Christians and are baptized rather because they are of age then for deuotion to the faith and none or very few of them are Christians willingly He that will read what they lately haue done in Spaine with the remnants of the Moores may perhaps satisfie himselfe with the reasons of Frier Fonseca in defence thereof But for the poore Indians Bartholomaeus de las Casas a Dominike Frier of the same Order with Fonseca and after a Bishop in America hath written a large and vnanswerable Treatise of the enormous cruelties and vnchristian Antichristian proceedings in the New World the summe whereof is this That the Indians were a simple harmelesse people loyall to their Lords and such as gaue no cause to the Spaniards of dislike till they by extreame iniuries were prouoked they are also docible and pliant both to good doctrine and liuing To these Lambes sayth he the Spaniards came as cruell and hungry Tygres Beares and Lions intending nothing those forty yeeres hee wrote this Anno 1542. but bloud and slaughter to satisfie their Auarice and Ambition insomuch that of three Millions of people which were contayned in Hispaniola of the Naturall Inhabitants there scarce remayned at that time three hundred and now as Alexandro Vrsino reporteth none at all onely two and twenty thousand Negros and some Spaniards reside there Cuba and the other Ilands had indured the like miserie and in the firme Land ten Kingdomes greater then all Spaine were dispeopled and desolate and in that space there had not perished lesse then twelue Millions by their tyrannie and he might truly say that fifty Millions had payed Natures debt In the Iland Hispaniola the Spaniard had their first Indian habitations where their cruelties draue the Indians to their shifts and to their weake defence which caused those enraged Lions to spare neyther man woman nor childe they ripped vp the great bellied women and would lay wagers who could with most dexteritie strike off an Indians head or smite him asunder in the middle they would plucke the Infants by the heeles from their Mothers brests and dash out their braines against the stones or with a scoffe hurle them into the Riuer They set vp Gibbets and in honour of Christ and his twelue Apostles as they said and could the Deuill say worse they would both hang and burne them Others they tooke and cutting their hands almost off bid them carry those Letters their hands dropping bloud and almost dropping off themselues to their Countrimen which for feare of the like lay hidden in the Mountaines The Nobles and Commanders they broyled on Gridions I once sayth our Author saw foure or fiue of the chiefe of them thus roasted which making a lamentable noyse the nicer Captaine bade they should be strangled but the cruell Tormentor chose rather to stop their mouthes so to preuent their out-cryes and to continue their broyling till they were dead They had Dogs to hunt them out of their couerts which deuoured the poore soules and because sometimes the Indians thus prouoked would kill a Spaniard if they found opportunitie they made a Law that a hundred of them should for one Spaniard be slaine The King of Magua offered to till the ground for them fifty miles space if they would spare him and his people from the Mynes The Captaine in recompence deflowred his Wife and hee hiding himselfe was taken and sent into Spaine but the ship perished in the way and therein that admirable graine of Gold which weighed in the first finding being pure so many thousand Crownes as in the first Chapter of the eight Booke is mentioned In the Kingdome of Xaraqua in Hispaniola the Gouernour called before him three hundred Indian Lords which he partly burned in a House and
King of Delly all Indostan is his patrimony and his countrey diuided by three famous high wayes Porrab Pachan Dekan W. Clarke f Allahoban g Sultan Peruis h M. Clarke which diuers yeeres serued the Mogol in his warres and was one of these Haddies saith 30000. i Others say 2. s. 6. d. others 2. s. 3. d. k 150. millions of crownes l M. Withington which liued a Factor diuers yeeres in the Countrey receiued of the Iesuites which reside there this same story of the Mogols treasures m See Chap. 7. n M. Clarke saith 50000. Selims Religion and Customes o The Kings of India sit daily in Iustice themselues and on the Tuesdayes doe execution Feasts Mogols Sepulcher Couert saith the matter is fine Marble the forme nine square the compasse two English miles about nine stories high and that the King protested he would bestow thereon one hundred millions Iarric Thes. rer Indic l. 5. c. 23. An. 1612. n Nic Bangam They had money of these Ships some 32000. rials of eight wherof the Rehemee payd 15000. M. Downton saith They had goods for goods to a halfe-penny Nic. Withington M T. Best M. Patrick Copland M. Nathaniel Salmon M. Withington Nunno d' Ancuna M. Withington o M. Copland p Ant. Starky Ex Relat. M.S. Gen. Nic. Downton Martin Pring Beniamin Day Iohn Leman William Masham c. Master Downton both buried his sonne and died himselfe in this Voyage which since we haue published with other our Pilgrims continued by M. Elkington and M. Dodsworth his successiue successour q N. Withington r Goga is a rich towne on the other side of the Bay Some say that there was not so much harme done Masham Inuention of Ordnance first vsed by the Venetians against the Genuous An. Dom. 1378. who besieged Fossa-Clodia a town of theirs inuented by a German Alchymist a Monke called Bertholdus Swartus Others say Constantinus Anklitzen Printing was also first inuented by a German the first Printed booke being Tullies Offices at Mentz by one Iohn Fust which some thinke to be the same with Gutemberg who had made triall of this Art before without any perfection This Booke is still at Augsburg printed 1466. Ram. P. Verg. Pancirol Salmuth c. d So doth another namelesse Copy which I haue seene I omit the names of the Captaines e Ben Day Another hath Sanedo Nic. Withington f See M. Terris Booke and Childs Iournal Sir Tho. Roe in my voyages g See Swans Iournall and letters of Blithe Browne c. h Let. of T. Wilson and also of Robert Smith i One Philips in the Richard was principall cause of that victory by his Manhood k Of Dutch and English vnkind quarrells see Relations of M. Cocke Tho. Spurway Captaine Courthop Rob. Haies Captaine Pring Iohn Hatch William Hord letters of Cas Dauid George Iackeson Ia. Lane G. Ball M. Willes Kellum Throgmorton Ric. Nash S. T. Dale Io. Iordan A. Spaldwin G. Muschamp W. Anthon. H. Fitzherbert Th. Knollos B. Church-man G. Pettys c. Rob. Couert Agra a Fatipore a Citie as bigge as London Ios. Salbank Indico b 12000. or 15000. within the Citie Still R. Still or Stell and I. Crowther March 17. T. Cor. his letter to M. L. W. c Vers Hosk d Flauius Iustinianus Alemanicus Gothicus Francicus Germanicus Anticus Alanicus Vandalicus Africanus for that which followes Pius Foelix Inclytus Victor ac Triumphator , semper Augustus I hope his friends in the Verses before his booke haue giuen him more prodigious and himselfe before he comes home must needs multiply further hauing such huge bundles of papers abreeding in so many places at Aleppo Spahan Asmere c. e R. Still Lahore Chatcha 3 Fort. m Still Couerts Trauels are extant in his Booke n Hee saith that he hath put to death his own sonne and done 1000 other tyrannies Iohn Crowther W. Nichols Iohn Mildnall Mic. Withington 88. Courses . 1601. Calwalla a Towne of filthy Women Desart Reisbuti S.R. Sherly M. Withington robbed Sinda Wormes dangerous to ships o Fitch to the South-East and to the East from Agra Nicols S.E. by Land Goes N. E. to China Couert N. and S. quite through Still to Lahor N. E. and to Persia N.N.W. Withington the Westerle parts to Sinda c. p W. Clarke q W. Payton r 20000. horse 50000. foot and a mountainous Countrey hardly inuaded and conquered M. Clarke b M. Withington R. Couert R. Couert M. Payton M. Withington c Narratio Reg. Mogor Lahor is 300 miles from Agra Å¿ R. Fitch T. Coryat a Maginus b Maff. lib. 40 c Ioseph Ind. Linsch l. 1. c. 270 d Pat. Copland e L. Vertom l. 4 f Od. Barbosa g Coel. Rhodig lib. 11. cap. 13. h Maff. lib. 11. i Cic. Offic. k Maff. Histor Ind. lib. 11. l This same man appeared before Solyman the Turkish General at the siege of Diu. Viag di vn Comite Venetiano Nic. di Conti saith hee saw a Bramane three hundred yeers old m Morison part 3. c. 3. saith the same of the Irish Countesse of Desmond mentioned also by S. W. Ral. and that she liued 140. yeeres n Io. Santos l. 4. deuan. hist de India orientali o Dam. Ã Goes op Di. Bell. Camb. p Linschot q Od. Barbos r Gotardus Arthus Hist. Ind. Orient cap 23. Bally cap. 18. k Xaholam that is Lord of the World a Title and not a proper name l Daquem m Ios. Scal. de Emana temp lib. 7. n Ios. Scal. Can. Isag. lib. 7. o Clarke Banians M. Withington Marriages solemnized betwixt infants R. Couert Anominus p N. Downton Ben. Day q L. verb. lib. 4. r Eman. Pinner Balby saith at other times they eate but one meale a day cap. 10. Å¿ An. Dom. 1595. k The Religious in Cambaia Pinner l Em. Pinner Banians m Onesicritus reporteth the like of the Gymnosophists n Arrian Perip Mar. Eryth u Linsch c. 37. Andrea Corsuli x Od. Barbosa y The like lowsie trick is reported in the Legend of S. Francis and in the life of Ignatius of one of the first Iesuitical pillars by Mâ—ffâ—eus z N. di Cont. a Gi. Bot. Ben. Maff. lib. 1. Linschot lib. 1. cap. 34. Iarric l. 3. c. 1. b Gio. Bot. Ben. Garcias ab Horto l. 2. c. 28. Linschot c. c Lins l. 1. c. 27. Iarric Thes. rerum Indic l. 3. No exact order can bee vsed in relating so confused Rites o Of Goa reade Arthus hist Ind. c. 15. Linschot Al. Valignan p Tizzuarin signifies thirtie villages for so many it seemes were then there q Dec. 1. l. 8. c. vlt. Dec. 2. l. 5. c. 1. r Lins l. 1. c. 28.29 30 31 32. Balb c. 23. Balb. c. 22. Å¿ Lact. l. 1. c. 20. Aug. de C. D l. 6. c. 9. Rosianus Antiq. 1. 2. t R. Fitch u Linschot Don Duart de Menezes He summeth the publike ordinary expences of the Port in India at 134 199. li. 5.
bee but a melancholy Maze if I should not come home to fill English eares with the newes The Reader also by this time wearied will be glad to heare of an end In this Sea we may see many Ilands which Nature hath seemed to set as Centinels along the Coast to hold their watch as Skowts to espie and as Garrisons to defend their Souereigne Earth lest the Ocean by secret vndermining or by violent and tempestuous force should be too busie an encrocher The Earth also on this side finding her selfe more strongly assayled then on the other hath summoned them all home to her borders and placed them for her better defence in stations neere her not suffering them to stay abroad as in other Seas is vsuall so that there are almost no Ilands in this widest of Seas the Peaceable but neere the mayne If there bee any they are obscure small and not worthy our Relation as for those of Salomon and New Guinea with their Neighbours they are reckoned to another Continent if they bee not continent themselues and for the Arcipelago of Saint Lazaro these Ilands may be reckoned vnruly Borderers which while it is vncertaine whether they should acknowledge the Souereigntie of Asia Terra Australis or America are loyall to none and therefore where they are best knowne are knowne by the name of Theeues a name fitting their nature and disposition Thus did Magellane find them from whom besides other things they stole his Boat which by force he was forced to recouer Such did our Countrimen in Master Candishes renowmed Voyage find them who saw also their Images of Wood in the head of their Boats like the Images of the Deuill Temple and Saint best fitting their deuotions and such did Oliuer Noort find them who came crying about him Iron Iron offering him Fruits in exchange for pieces of Iron and if any opportunitie offered it selfe stealing closely or openly any thing they could lay hold on They shot at them in vaine so actiue were they in diuing vnder the water and continuing there as if they had beene fitted alike to both Elements The women also no lesse then the men They are a beastly people polluting themselues in promiscuous lusts and branded many of them with the markes of their intemperance the Pockes hauing eaten their noses and lips They are browne fat long of stature the men goe naked the women weare a leafe before them so that they beare some resemblance to the Pictures of Adam and Eue Their Boats are twentie foot long and but a foot and halfe broad cunningly wrought They are extremely greedie of Iron of which metall the Hollanders cast fiue pieces into the Sea to try them and one of them fetcht them all out But lest these Theeues rob vs of our intended Deuotions and our Reader of patience in longer stay heere wee will looke backe towards the Straits and so compasse the other side of America Many Ilands wee may see heere neere the shore all along as wee passe But what should wee trouble the Reader with names I haue small deuotion to them vnlesse I had some intelligence of some Deuotion in them further then that wherein they agree with the Peruuian Rites wherewith you were last tired In the Straits are some Ilands of small quantitie of smaller dignitie and who would stay there where the Pengwins are your best Hosts the rest are Giants or Man-eating Sauages and in the next out of the Straits but Seales who all can yeeld but an inhospitall hospitalitie Neyther hath prouident Nature in all those Coasts of Chica or Brasill beene prodigall of her Iland store fore-seeing that they would eyther bee vsurped by Seales and Sea Monsters or other more vnnaturall and monstrous inhumane shape of Deuillish inhumanitie from the Land It seemes she hath beene the more sparing in the numbers noblenesse or quantitie of Ilands in all those Seas which wee haue most swiftly furrowed that shee might in the great Bay more bountifully impart her plentie and shew her excellence in that kind This is a great field as it were sowne with Ilands of all sorts the Earth seemes a louing Mother which holds open her spacious lap and holds out her stretched armes betweene Paria and Florida the Ocean also as iealous of the Earths more natural Inheritance and claime vnto them seemes to neglect his course to the Southward and heere sets in with a violent current alway forcing his watery forces to walke or rather to runne and flie these rounds to see that the Continent keepe her hand off and not once touch his conquered possessions that though like Tantalus she seemeth alwayes to bee closing her open hands and mouth vpon them yet are they kept by this officious watchfulnesse of the Sea that shee can neuer incorporate and vnite them to her selfe Easily can they vnfold this Mystery that are acquainted with the scite of the Earth and the swiftnesse of the current in this vast space of Earth and Sea setting in at Paria and after out againe at Florida with admirable and incredible violence To begin then at Paria for of Orenoque and his mouth full of Ilands and of Trinidad that hath escaped the Riuer and betaken her selfe wholly to Neptunes Loues we haue alreadie spoken Heere two rowes and rankes of Ilands make shew and muster of themselues the one extending East and West the other North and South Of the former is Margarita which like many a Gallant whose backe robbeth his belly whose bowels emptie of necessaries alway are croking and complayning of superfluitie in ornament and fashion so hath shee a World of Peaâ—les to adorne her but wanteth water to satisfie her thirst store of Pearles shee can communicate of her plentie water shee is faine to borrow of her Neighbours The like we may say of Cubagua her next Neighbour that by her store of Peaâ—les hath wonne Suiters from our and the American World whom she can neyther bid eate or drinke of her Land-hospitalitie where Grasse and Water are wanting But as it vsually comes to passe with these Fashion-mongers which neglecting necessaries must at last be neglected of their ornaments too So this Iland which sometimes was so rich notwithstanding all her Pearles she pawned for her dyet in so much that the Kings fift amounted ordinarily to fifteene thousand Duckets a yeere yet now seemes almost beggered her Pearle-fishes and Pearle-fishers most of them gone and now it is time for vs to be gone from her too Yet let vs heare this Relation of Herera before we goe of an Earth-quake which hapned there the first of September 1530. which raysed the Sea foure fathome ouerthrew the Fortresse opened the Earth in many places whence issued much Salt-water as blacke as Inke stinking of Brimstone The Mountayne of Cariaco remayned open Many died of feare and some were drowned Captaine William Parker Anno 1601. hauing taken Puerto Bello and Melendes the Gouernour
landed in Margarita and receiued fiue hundred pound in Pearle for ransome of Prisoners tooke a ship which came from Angola with three hundred and seuentie Negros Ouiedo hath written in his nineteenth Booke of the Iland of Cubagua It hath no trees and but little grasse There is a Fountaine on the East part thereof neere the Sea which casteth forth a bituminous substance like Oyle which is said to be profitable for medicine and may be found two or three leagues floting in the Sea §. II. Of the Caniball Ilands the Whale Thresher Sword-fish Sharke and other fishes and Obseruations of those Seas LIttle businesse can we find any further in following that Westerne ranke Orchilia Oruba and the rest and therefore will looke Northwards to that other ranke we spake of where leauing Tobago on the right hand wee see before vs Granata Saint Vincent Saint Luciae Dominica and then circling to the Northwest Desiderata Saint Christopher Holy Crosse and others whose names without other matter of Historie would be but tedious to the Reader These and a multitude of others vnmentioned are called the Ilands of the Caribes or Canibals The Inhabitants eate mans flesh and passe to other Ilands with their Boats to the hunting of Men as other Hunters doe for Beasts Carib signifieth Stranger for so the more innocent Indians esteeme them At home they onely couer their priuities but in time of Warre they vse many ornaments They are nimble beardlesse vsing little Pincers to pull out the haires shoote poysoned Arrowes bore holes in their eares and nostrils for elegancie which the richer sort decke with Gold the poorer with Shels From the tenth or twelfth yeere of their age they carrie leaues to the quantitie of Nuts all the day in eyther cheeke which they take not out but when they receiue meate or drinke With that Medicine they make their teeth blacke they call other men Women for their white teeth and Beasts for their haire Their teeth continue to the end of their liues without ache or rottennesse When the men went on man-hunting which they did sometimes in long and farre Expedions the women manfully defended the Coast against their Enemies and hence it is in Martyrs iudgement that the Spaniards tell of Ilands inhabited only with women which may be the true interpretation happily of I know not how many places in America besides those of Asia and Africa reported Amazonian Pontius would warre vpon the Canibals but on the Iland of Guadalupea his women were taken his men slaine himselfe forced to depart from that both place and enterprise Columbus in his second Voyage landed on this Iland where he saw their round houses hanging beds of Cotton and certaine Images which he had thought had beene their Gods but by Interpreters after learned that they were but for ornament and that they worshipped nothing but the Sunne and Moone although they make certaine Images of Cotton to the similitudes of such phantasies as they sayd appeared to them in the night They found Earthen Vessels like ours also in their Kitchins Mans flesh Duckes flesh and Goose flesh all in one pot and other on the Spits readie to be laid to the fire Entring into their inner Lodgings they found Faggots of the bones of mens armes and legges which they reserue to make heads for their Arrowes They found in their Villages one Hall or Palace to which they assemble as to their Theatre or Playing place The Inhabitants at the sight of the Spaniards were fled In their houses they found about thirtie children Captiues which were reserued to bee eaten but they tooke them for their Interpreters Here they had Parrots bigger then Phesants with backes brests and bellies of Purple colour They vsed to prey on Hispaniola and Saint Iohns Ilands or Buriquen and if these in their warres with the Canibals tooke any of them they were sure to goe to pot euen in the first sense and to be eaten Master Percy saith in Guadalupa they found a Bath so hot that it boyled them piece of Porke in halfe an houre In Menis also they found a Bath like ours in England In Mona they killed two wilde Boares and saw a wilde Bull which was an ell betweene the hornes Three leagues from thence is Monetta where the Fowles flew ouer them as thicke as haile and made them deafe with their noyse they cannot set foot on the ground but shall tread on Fowles or Egges wherewith they laded two Boates in three houres Master Chalenge saith that in the seuen Antiles of Saint Vincent Granado Lucia Matalina Dominica Guadalupa and Ayscy are not aboue one thousand Indians They brought away a Frier named Blaseus which had beene sixteene monethes Slaue in Dominica whom they saued his fellowes beeing slaine because hee taught them to make Sayles A little before Master Hawkins was there in the yeere 1564. a Spanish Carauell comming to water at Dominica one of the Caniball Ilands the Sauages cut her cable in the night and so she draue on shore and all her company was surprised and eaten by them Master George Peercie relateth of the Dominicans which they visited in their Virginia Voyage that they paint themselues to keepe off the Muskitas that they weare the haire of their heads a yard long platted in three plaits suffer none on their faces cut their skinnes in diuers Workes or Embroderies they eate their Enemies lap spittle spit into their mouthes like Dogges worship the Deuill poyson their Arrowes When they were heere they had sight of the chiefe game which Nature yeeldeth the fight of the Whale with the Sword fish and Thresher which killed him in two houres fight The Sword-fish is not great but strong-made his Sword groweth vpright out of his neck like a bone foure or fiue inches broad and aboue a yard long sometimes they are greater with prickles on both sides The Thresher hath a broad and thicke tayle Both these hold a naturall conspiracie against this Grant of Nature the one on the top of the water threshing him vpon the head with violent blowes that sound as a peece of Ordnance and may be heard two leagues forcing him to hide his head in his Mothers lap which yet betrayeth him there to the Sword-fish , who is readie to receiue him on his Naturall Blade and stayneth the Sea with his bloud The Whale hath no remedie but with bellowing grones heard further then the Threshers blowes to seeke to the shore and there embayed to make his part good without danger of an Vnderminer otherwise becomming prey to these his Aduersaries Thus we see Greatnesse not alway exempt from dangers yea perishing by fine force of weaker Enemies This our Author for we cannot passe from Iland to Iland but by Sea and may not be wholly idle by the way telleth that betwixt the Tropikes they were attended continually with three kinds of Fishes Dolphins Bonitos and Sharkes the first like to the Rain-bow his head differing