the most effectual They says he who are sensible of their own Blindness since there is no other way to be rid of it but by the Word of God they should apply themselves to that and they cannot miss of a Cure. Which is enough to prove the Insufficiency of the Churches Customes or Authority as to Matters of Faith at least Secondly Neither will the Testimonies of the Fathers be of any Force in this Particular For a Rule of Faith must be full of Knowledge and sufficiently able to instruct us But what says S. Austin of himself I am Aug. ep 119. not only ignorant says he in many other Things but even in the Holy Scriptures themselves I am yet to learn more than I know already And thus he elsewhere Ep. ad Hiâ—â— expresses himself To the Books of the Scriptures only which are called Canonical do I owe this Honour that I firmly believe That none of their Pen-Men have err'd in any thing they have written But I esteem other Writers according to their Sanctity and Learning I do not think any thing true meerly because it was their Opinion Which very well agrees with that Axiom of Tertullian If says he a Bishop Tertul. de praescr haeret or Deacon if a Widow or Maid if a Doctor or even a Martyr should err from the Rule would the Error be e'r the Truer or Better for their Sakes We do not prove the Faith by the Persons but the Persons by the Faith. And the Acknowledgment of Biel is to the Bieâ— sup Can. Miss l. 41. same purpose That the Authority of the Fathers compells no Man to assent to their Sayings unless they build on the Holy Scriptures or Divine Revelation On this account therefore S. Austin might well cry out Aug. in Psal 57. Let our Writings be withdrawn that the Book of God may be introduced And as for Apostolical Traditions let the Testimony Iren. l. 3. c. 1. of Irenaeus serve for all By the Apostles says he the Gospel came down to us which they then preached and afterward by the Will of God they delivered to us in the Scriptures what was to be the future Foundation and Pillar of our Faith. Now if neither the Customes of the Church nor the Judgment of the Fathers nor Tradition can be a perfect Rule of Faith no more can all these united in a General Council be so For a Rule must be in every respect perfect But we have seen That the Church is in many respects Defective and the Fathers subject to Ignorance and Error And if Irenaeus may be credited The Apostles preached nothing contrary to what they have left us in Writing and therefore there can be no Place for Apostolical Traditions So that a Rule which is Imperfect and Defective in every Part must needs be so in the whole And Bellarmin himself has proved Bellarm. de Concil l. 2. c. 12. That the Decrees of General Councils cannot be a perfect Rule because they cannot pretend to immediate Divine Revelation That they may Err in some things and in many of their Definitions they conclude only Probably But a Rule of Faith ought to be every way Perfect and to conclude necessarily And such an absolute Perfect Rule the Scriptures appear to be not only from their own Testimony but from Testimonies of the greatest Pillars of the Church in the Second Third Fourth and Fifth Centuries And therefore if any Man's Interest has led him to a contrary Judgment in the later Ages of the Church his Opinions ought not to be set up as a Standard against Antiquity joyn'd with Truth From hence then we may infer what has been already asserted That the Scriptures being of themselves a perfect and Un-erring Rule nothing must be put to or taken from them To which purpose besides what has been produced already the Reader may give himself the trouble of Perusing the following Texts Deut. 12. 32. Josh 1. 7. Prov. 30. 6. Gal. 1. 8. and 3. 15. Rev. 22. 18 19. And let him learn the Danger of Adding or Taking away that is Doing any thing contrary to the Scriptures From these Lev. 10. 2. Isai 1. 12 13 14 and 66. 3. Hos 9. 15. Matth. 15. 6 9. Mark 7. 9. Gal. 4. 10. From all which Texts will evidently appear the Invalidity of any thing that is not built upon the true Foundation and the danger of being led away by such Vanities And so I hope I have sufficiently vindicated my Relyance on the Testimony of the Scriptures in the Business of the following Undertaking I shall only trouble the Reader with two or three necessary Cautions concerning the right Use and Understanding of those Sacred Writings and then give him his Liberty to proceed I. If any Man will make choice of the Scriptures for his Guide in matters that concern his Well-being here and hereafter he must have a care of believing every Spirit We must not take things of such Moment on Trust meerly because they are asserted by one that Pretends to great Learning or Inspiration for we are to look on the Gentlemen of these Times as such as will make the best they can of every Word when they meet with one of an ordinary Capacity Therefore II. It behoveth every Man that hath any regard to his own Safety to search into these things himself to read the Holy Scriptures diligently that so he may learn from them whether such things are true or no. But as I am now Writing to those of the meanest Rank in Learning lat east It is necessary that I caution such Readers of the Scriptures against laying too much stress on the literal Interpretation of a Text For the Holy Ghost very often makes use of Metaphors and other Obscurities wherein the Sense is not obvious to every Eye And tho' as S. Austin says There is nothing so obscure in one Place which in another is not made plain Yet it is not supposed that an ordinary Reader knows how to find that Place out or if he does that he has Judgment enough to satisfie himself For the Scriptures consist of a Soul and a Body The Body is the Letter and the Soul is the true Interpretation Every Man therefore says Origen that De princip lib. 4. desires to come to the Knowledge of the Truth must have his Eye on every Word for every Nation has a different way of speaking let him therefore mind rather what is signified than with what Words it is expressed For there are some things which no Human Words can explain but they are only conceivable in an honest Vnderstanding By which Rule also we come to the Knowledge and Vnderstanding of the Holy Scriptures that what we read is not to be understood according to the Letter but according to the Divinity of that Holy Spirit which inspired it Wherefore the Honest Reader will do well to take care That he is not drawn by the Letter out of the right
A LETTER TO A LADY Furnishing her with Scripture Testimonies Against the Principal Points and Doctrines OF POPERY All Scripture is given by Inspiration of God and is Profitable for Reproof for Correction for Instruction in Righteousness That the Man of God may be Perfect throughly furnished unto all Good Works 2 Tim. 3. 16 17. The Law of the Lord is Perfect converting the Soul c. Psal 19. 7 8 9 10 11. Search the Scriptures c. John 5. 39. Blessed is he that readeth c. Rev. 1. 3. Licensed July 6. 1688. LONDON Printed for John Taylor at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-Yard M DC LXXX VIII Admonition to the Reader concerning the Authority and Vse of the Holy Scriptures THe following Papers being intended only for a private Satisfaction and not for the publick View are writ in a Stile agreeable to the Sex to which they are dedicated and the few Arguments here and there added either to explain or Illustrate a Text of Scripture are such as are more obvious to a Female Capacity than perhaps the common way of Arguing used by one great Disputant against another is For it was no more my intent than it was my Business in writing to Women who by Reason of their general want of Learning understand nothing of Logical Reasoning and as little of Syllogismal Inferences to endeavour to make a thing plain by rendring it more unintelligible But to make every thing as obvious and plain to the most ordinary Understanding as I might tho' my Words were never so homely And though it is confest The Lady to whom these Papers were especially directed is a Person endued with better Parts and more Learning than others of her Sex generally are yet I considered That many more of her Society or Acquaintance might be concerned in the Reading of them And therefore I thought as a plain Method would not be unpleasant to the Lady her self so it would certainly be both more Acceptable and Profitable to others not loaden with so much Sagacity and Understanding But since in this Undertaking I have wholly relyed on the Testimony of the Scriptures and have drawn all my Arguments from them I think it proper to vindicate my Proceeding that way by giving the Reader a cursory Account of the Supreme Authority of the Sacred Writings consisting in two Particulars The First is Their containing fully all things needful for our Salvation And the Second Their being sufficient to determine Points of Doubt and Controversie In both which I shall still make my Appeal to the Scriptures themselves and likewise intermix a few Testimones of the Fathers not for Confirmation of the Scriptures Authority for that is evident enough in it self but to shew the Opinion of those great Pillars of the Church in a Matter about which there is so great a Disagreement betwixt us and the Church of Rome I begin therefore with the first Evidence of the Supreme Authority of the Scriptures Their containing fully all things needful for our Salvation The Evangelist Joh. 20. 30. tells us That Jesus did many signs in the presence of his disciples which are not written in this book But these says he are written That ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ the son of God and that believing ye might have life through his name And Cyril in Praef. in Johan this Gospel by S. John may without Injury be thought to excel the other three says S. Cyril and he gives no weak Reasons for it One of which is That it contains all things pertaining to Truth which the other do also but not in so high a Strain For whereas the rest do most Exquisitely describe the Genealogy of our Saviour either descending from Abraham to Joseph or ascending from Joseph to Adam S. John has not much laboured in these Matters but with an aspiring Mind seems to soar beyond Human Possibility and is not afraid in express Words to set down his Ineffable Generation In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God. The same was in the beginning with God And so aspires directly to the Foundation of Divine Truth Where by the way it will not be amiss to observe That this Evangelist was the beloved Disciple of our Lord and therefore it cannot reasonably be supposed he would conceal any thing from him that was necessary to be known But on the contrary he revealed more to him than was needful to be set down in some Particulars whereof he was commanded to be Silent as may be seen Rev. 10. 4. But when any thing might be known he is to declare it Chap. 22. 10. and Chap. 1. 3. They are blessed who read and hear the words of this prophecy with an intent to keep those things which are written therein So then though we are ignorant of some things yet by what is written we may sufficiently be acquainted with whatever is necessary for us to know S. Paul Acts 20. after he had told the Ephesians Verse 30 That of their own selves should arise men speaking perverse things to draw away disciples after them At the 32 Verse he commends them to God and to the Word of his Grace which he tells them is able to build them up and to give them an inheritance among all them which are sanctified And lest it should be thought that he had broached some unwritten Traditions of his own he professes Chap. 26. 22. That having obtained help of God he still continued witnessing both to small and great but saying no other things than those which the Prophets and Moses did say should come Accordingly he tells the Romans in his Epistle to them Chap. 1. 16. That he was not ashamed of the gospel of Christ because it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth And Chap. 15. 4. Whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning that we through Patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope And says S. Chrysostom Wherefore are these things written but that we should In Rom. hom 9. In 2 Cor. hom 13. In synop Athan. learn them For says he The Scriptures are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of all the most exact Ballance Guide and Rule And according to S. Athanasius they are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Anchors and Support of our Faith. And Irenaeus calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iren. l. 3. c. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the immoveable Canon of Truth and the Pillar and Foundation of our Faith. And we being sure of what the Apostle says 2 Tim. 3. 16 17. That all Scripture is given by Inspiration of God and is profitable for doctrin for reproof for correction for instruction in righteousness That the man of God may be perfect throughly furnished unto Canonem fidei in Prophetarum Apostolorum libris figi atque terminari Aug de C. D. l. 11. c. 41. all good Works may safely conclude with S. Austin
justly charge upon the Church of Rome and by that means a Refutation of most of those Tenets in one short Essay will be more profitable as I hope it will be more acceptable to an ordinary Understanding So that upon this account as you will hereby with more ease be furnish'd with what you may be sure is true being drawn from the Fountain of Truth you will I hope be the more easily induc'd to pardon my Undertaking as designing nothing but Honesty I have chosen this way of Writing to you Madam First because I know you delight in conversing with the Holy Writings and so I shall be more conformable to your Inclinations And Secondly though I reverence the Judgment of the Fathers of the Church and General Councils duly assembled and not sway'd by popular Insolence yet as I once objected to one by word of mouth without receiving a satisfactory Answer The Church of Rome says That we have False Copies of the Fathers and we answer That they have corrupted the True so that one of us must needs be in the wrong And how shall we be satisfied in this without comparing them to the Testimonies of the Scriptures And as for General Councils they have of late been purg'd or rather perverted by the Over-ruling Power of Popes and their Popular Factions insomuch that when they began to act against the Interest of the See of Rome though never so justly they were no longer allowed the liberty due to General Councils And then what dependence can we have from them And Lastly the Infallibility of the Church of Rome can be no better a Decider of Controversies than the other two because that must be prov'd if possible from the Scriptures So that when all other Instruments have been tried the Scriptures will prove the only Infallible Touch stone From these and the like Considerations this Piece was at first conceiv'd and is now produc'd for your Service and for such of your Female Companions or Acquaintance as you shall think fit to communicate it to and I hope it will give Satisfaction Be pleas'd therefore to consider that 't is the duty of every Christian to read and be acquainted with the Holy Scriptures And though the Council of Trent denied the reading of them to the Laity pretending that the Vulgation of them was the cause of so many Heresies abroad in the World yet by the leave of the Fathers assembled in that Particular General Council we cann't conceive how a Country Plough-Jobber should by reading the Scriptures be the Author of an Opinion either Orthodox or Erroneous But as might easily be prov'd if it were to the present purpose the Original of all Sects were Men who to shew their Parts and Learning took upon them to scrutinise and enquire into the Sense of Holy Writ and so spread the prime Infection I will trouble you with but an Instance or two to this purpose and so proceed Arius that known Heretick as well for his Learning as the many Proselites he gain'd to his Party meeting with that Text Joh. 17. 3. This is life eternal to know thee the only true God and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent thought of a trick by misplacing a Point to seclude Christ from being True God. In the Original 't is This is life eternal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. To know thee only to be true God and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent But he puts the Comma after the Particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 only and so corrupts the Sense by misplacing the Point a trick which certainly none but a Scholar could have thought on Thus we find Gregory the Great openly asserting That whoever should call himself Universal Bishop was Antichrist but the succeeding Bishops of Rome disputed the contrary and arrogated to themselves the Title I might likewise urge the Feuds of the Franciscans and Dominicans and other Orders of the Church of Rome to prove that all Quarrellings and jangling Disputes about Matters of Religion have in all Ages been broach'd by Men of Learning But to come nearer home would it not be very absurd to imagin that such a silly fancy as Quakerism could ever have been heard of or so long upheld among us if some such Man as Penn who is thought no great stranger in a College of Fame had not at first insinuated it into some poor ignorant People who were not able to resist his Logick or it may be were more taken up in their worldly Employments than the Study of Holy Scriptures And indeed it is not probable that one who is better skill'd in the management of a Plough than a Logical Argument should be able to define in Matters of Faith and Doctrin It may be sooner prov'd that the principal Authors and Abetters of most of our Divisions came from Rome than that they sprung from ignorant People reading the Scriptures And if you please to peruse these Papers you 'll find that the Chuch of Rome in that Council had other Ends in denying the Scriptures to the Common People than the Suppressing of Sectaries as they pretended I come therefore to the business I propos'd to your Consideration the Duty incumbent on every Christian to read and understand the Holy Scriptures This I present to your Meditation in the first place as Preparatory to that which is to follow It being my intent in this Undertaking to have to do with nothing but Scripture Quotations And so I begin Deut. 6. 6. And these words which I command thee this day shall be in thine heart And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house and when thou walkest by the way and when thou lyest down and when thou risest up And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes And thou shalt write them upon the door posts of thy house and on thy gates The words were spoken to the whole Congregation of Israel and need not be explain'd Deut. 17. 18. And it shall be when the king of Israel sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom that he shall write him a copy of this Law in a book out of that which is before the Priests the Levites and it shall be with him and he shall read therein all the days of his life c. Where give me leave to take Notice That it being impossible to keep the Scriptures from the Eye of the more Ingenious Gentry they have been furnished with a Vulgar Latin Translation of the Bible which they call though falsly enough St. Jerome's and lest the Corruptions wherewith they had prudently loaded it should be discovered Pope Sixtus the V. in the Year 1578 published a Greek Copy purposely forg'd by Cardinal Carapha to make Men believe That the Latin was agreeable to the Original Josh 1. 8. This Book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth but thou shalt meditate therein day and
night that thou mayest observe to do all that is written therein This is the Psalmist's Character of a Good Man Psal 1. 2. His delight is in the law of the Lord and in his law doth he meditate day and night This was the Commendation of Apollos Acts 18. 24. That he was not only an eloquent Man but mighty in the Scriptures And this was the Confidence of the Apostle concerning the Romans Rom. 15. After he had told them verse 4. That whatever things were written aforetime were written for our learning that we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope At the 14. Verse he concludes And I my self also am perswaded of you my brethren that ye also are full of goodness filled with all knowledge and able to admonish one another Col. 3. 16. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs c. And Ch. 4. 16. When this epistle is read amongst you cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans and that ye likewise read the Epistle from Laodicea Parallel to which is his Command to the Thessalonians 1 Epist 5. 27. I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read to all the holy brethren And indeed it would be some Comfort if they of the Church of Rome could but have the Gospel read in the Congregation purely and without Adulteration in a Tongue understood by the Common People This would be much more to Edification than a few Stories out of the Golden Legend or the History of S. George's killing the Dragon which I assure you Madam is a part of the Service of his Day and in their Prayer to him they solemnly commemorate this Act of his as if it were as True as the Gospel But Lastly S. Peter speaking of the Voice from Heaven This is my beloved son in whom I am well pleased says We have also a more sure word of prophecy whereunto ye do well that ye take heed as unto a Light that shineth in a dark place until the day dawn and the day-star arise in your hearts knowing this first That no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation 2 Pet. 1. 19 20. I give you both Verses because I know some Men would be apt to object the last to the first But we may observe That if S. Peter does condemn the Private Interpretation of Scriptures he does not condemn the Private Reading of them but says That all men will do well if they take good heed to them as to a more sure word than a voice from heaven And thus Madam I think it sufficiently appears That it is the necessary Duty of every Christian to Read and be well acquainted with the Scriptures they being the pillar and ground of truth and the power of God unto salvation But if after all it is objected as I suppose it will That the Scriptures are dark and hard to be understood be pleased to consider with me these few Texts Deut 30. 11. This commandment which I command thee this day is not hidden from thee neither is it far off it is not in heaven that thou shouldest say Who shall go up for us to heaven and bring it unto us that we may hear it and do it neither is it beyond the sea that thou shouldest say Who shall go over the sea for us and bring it unto us that we may hear it and do it But the word is very nigh unto thee in thy mouth and in thy heart that thou mayest do it Psalm 119. 130. The entrance of thy words giveth light It giveth understanding to the simple Prov. 14. 6. A scorner seeketh wisdom and findeth it not but knowledge is easie to him that understandeth I take these to be sufficient indications of the Plainness and Intelligibleness of the Law. But we have God's own Word if he may be believed That the Gospel should be much more easie to be understood Jer. 31. 33. But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days saith the Lord I will put my law into their inward parts and write it in their hearts and they shall teach no more every man his neighbour and every man his brother saying Know the Lord for they shall all know me from the least unto the greatest of them saith the Lord. And that the Understanding of the Scriptures is not reserved for the more Learned of Mankind only is plain from our Saviours own Words Matth. 11. 25. I thank thee O father Lord of heaven and earth because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent and hast revealed them unto Babes Even so Father for so it seemed good in thy sight And when his Disciples asked him Why he spake to the Jews in parables he answered and said unto them Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven but to them it is not given Matth. 13. 11. And we know that his Disciples were for the most part Poor Ignorant Unlearned and among the Jews came very often the Scribes Pharisees and great Doctors All that I shall add at present to compleat this Subject is That Ignorance in the Scriptures is very Dangerous 1. Because it is generally the Cause of Mens committing all maner of sins Isai 1. 3. The ox knoweth his owner and the Ass his masters crib but Israel doth not know my people doth not consider God Almighty had been so Gracious to them as to give them his law first for them to read and the Prophets afterwards to explain it that they might know and understand his Will therein but they would neither read the one nor give ear to the other And this without doubt was the cause of God's crying out How long shall I see the standard and hear the sound of the trumpet for my people is foolish they have not known me they are sottish children and they have no understanding they are wise to do evil but to do good they have no knowledge Jer. 4. 21. and Chap. 5. 21. Hear now this O foolish peopole and without Vnderstanding which have eyes and see not ears and hear not Because they would neither read the Law nor give Ear to the Prophets therefore they were justly called Sottish Children a foolish people and without understanding therefore they were wise to do evil but not to do good For it is most certain The Devil will be sure to make his best of Ignorance and use his utmost endeavour to keep Men in it because the more Light Men have the more Work they can do and the better they are informed the better they will act here and so he will be like to lose their Company hereafter I think then that S. Austin's tolle lege will be good Advice to all that are willing to live Virtuous Lives and as Luther's advice to Governours