the_o four_o council_n of_o toledo_n which_o then_o take_v so_o many_o of_o the_o gallican_n office_n into_o the_o service_n of_o the_o spanish_a church_n will_v see_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o this_o creed_n be_v original_o of_o a_o gallican_n composition_n and_o thence_o be_v carry_v into_o spain_n upon_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o goth_n from_o arianism_n wherein_o several_a expression_n be_v take_v out_o of_o st._n augustine_n work_n ruffinus_n show_v that_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v baptize_v do_v at_o rome_n repeat_v the_o creed_n but_o that_o be_v another_o thing_n from_o its_o use_n in_o the_o liturgy_n which_o both_o baronius_n and_o 8._o bona_n confess_v be_v so_o late_o introduce_v at_o rome_n so_o that_o here_o we_o have_v one_o considerable_a difference_n of_o the_o roman_a office_n from_o those_o of_o other_o church_n for_o 16._o isidore_n say_v that_o the_o nicene_n creed_n be_v then_o use_v in_o the_o gothick_n church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sacrifice_n as_o the_o church_n service_n be_v then_o call_v for_o that_o it_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n appear_v by_o council_n aurel._n 3._o can_v 29._o where_o we_o find_v the_o name_n of_o sacrifice_n apply_v to_o the_o evening_n service_n sacrificia_fw-la matutina_fw-la missarum_fw-la sive_fw-la vespertina_fw-la and_o so_o 3._o cassian_n use_v sacrificia_fw-la vespertina_fw-la in_o allusion_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o sacrifice_v among_o the_o jew_n and_o 21._o honoratus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n hilarius_n of_o arles_n call_v it_o sacrificium_fw-la vespertinae_fw-la laudis_fw-la and_o missa_fw-la be_v then_o use_v for_o the_o public_a service_n as_o 17._o cassander_n and_o other_o show_v in_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n benedict_n missae_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o conclude_a collect_v at_o the_o canonical_a hour_n 5._o cassian_n use_v missa_fw-la for_o any_o public_a meeting_n at_o prayer_n thence_o he_o speak_v of_o missa_fw-la nocturna_fw-la and_o missa_fw-la orationum_fw-la and_o missa_fw-la canonica_n for_o the_o nocturnal_a office_n among_o the_o monk_n and_o in_o the_o council_n agath_fw-mi c._n 30._o we_o read_v of_o missae_fw-la vespertinae_fw-la but_o afterward_o the_o name_n be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o most_o solemn_a part_n of_o public_a worship_n viz._n the_o communion_n service_n in_o which_o the_o creed_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o three_o council_n of_o toledo_n c._n 2._o in_o all_o the_o church_n of_o spain_n and_o gallaecia_n or_o as_o some_o copy_n have_v it_o of_o gallia_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o reccaredus_n to_o that_o purpose_n which_o extend_v to_o that_o part_n of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n then_o under_o the_o gothick_n power_n where_o a_o 2._o council_n meet_v under_o reccaredus_n about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o gloria_fw-la patri_fw-la be_v decree_v to_o be_v use_v at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o other_o gallican_n church_n in_o cassian_n time_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o spanish_a church_n do_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o gallican_n in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o divine_a office_n as_o well_o as_o this_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o epistle_n of_o carolus_n calvus_n produce_v by_o 12._o card._n bona_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a gallican_n office_n before_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o roman_a he_o say_v he_o have_v see_v and_o hear_v how_o different_a they_o be_v by_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o church_n of_o toledo_n who_o have_v celebrate_v the_o office_n of_o their_o church_n before_o he_o which_o have_v signify_v nothing_o to_o this_o matter_n unless_o the_o gothick_n and_o gallican_n office_n have_v then_o agree_v i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o old_a gallican_n service_n can_v be_v gather_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mozarabick_a liturgy_n as_o it_o be_v settle_v by_o 2._o card._n ximenes_n in_o a_o chapel_n of_o the_o church_n of_o toledo_n or_o as_o it_o be_v perform_v on_o certain_a day_n at_o salamanca_n because_o many_o alteration_n may_v be_v in_o those_o office_n as_o well_o as_o other_o in_o so_o long_a time_n and_o such_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v as_o 5._o mariana_n confess_v by_o the_o length_n of_o time_n although_o it_o do_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o leander_n and_o isidore_n for_o append._n julianus_n toletanus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v review_v the_o whole_a office_n and_o to_o have_v alter_v and_o add_v many_o thing_n and_o johannes_n caesaraugustanus_fw-la and_o conantius_fw-la and_o after_o they_o petrus_n ilerdensis_n and_o salvus_fw-la abbaildensis_fw-la beside_o such_o who_o name_n be_v not_o preserve_v but_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v trace_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o gothick_n missal_n we_o may_v probable_o infer_v what_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n at_o that_o time_n be_v and_o thereby_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o the_o roman_a office_n as_o beside_o this_o of_o the_o creed_n 2._o the_o prophetical_a lesson_n be_v always_o to_o be_v read_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o mozarabick_a liturgy_n and_o according_o three_o book_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o altar_n in_o the_o gallican_n church_n as_o 7._o gregorius_n turonensis_n observe_v that_o of_o the_o prophet_n and_o of_o the_o epistle_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n but_o nothing_o but_o the_o epistle_n and_o gospel_n be_v read_v at_o rome_n as_o be_v show_v already_o which_o manifest_v that_o the_o book_n under_o st._n jerome_n name_n call_v the_o lectionarius_n or_o comes_n must_v be_v counterfeit_a because_o therein_o lesson_n out_o of_o the_o prophet_n be_v set_v down_o and_o the_o authority_n of_o berno_n augiensis_n micrologus_fw-la and_o radulphus_fw-la tungrensis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o best_a praefat._n pamelius_n can_v find_v be_v not_o great_a enough_o against_o so_o plain_a evidence_n to_o the_o contrary_a to_o prove_v this_o lectionarius_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o st._n jerome_n and_o he_o confess_v that_o amalarius_n several_a time_n only_a mention_n the_o auctor_fw-la lectionarii_fw-la without_o st._n jerome_n name_n who_o live_v a_o good_a while_n before_o they_o but_o in_o this_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v its_o peculiar_a rite_n for_o in_o the_o church_n of_o milan_n first_o a_o lesson_n out_o of_o the_o prophet_n be_v read_v before_o the_o epistle_n as_o appear_v by_o 3._o sulpicius_n severus_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a church_n st._n 21._o basil_n say_v that_o lesson_n out_o of_o the_o old_a as_o well_o as_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v read_v by_o the_o 59_o council_n of_o laodicea_n all_o the_o canonical_a book_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v read_v zonara_n observe_n on_o the_o 16._o canon_n of_o that_o council_n that_o before_o this_o council_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o prayer_n before_o the_o consecration_n but_o therein_o he_o be_v certain_o mistake_v for_o 2._o justin_n martyr_n show_v that_o the_o lesson_n be_v read_v long_o before_o and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o prophet_n as_o well_o as_o apostle_n but_o balsamon_n and_o aristenus_n restrain_v this_o canon_n only_o to_o saturday_n and_o it_o enjoin_v the_o read_n of_o the_o gospel_n then_o which_o be_v not_o accustom_v before_o there_o be_v no_o religious_a assembly_n in_o those_o part_n on_o that_o day_n but_o by_o the_o same_o canon_n we_o find_v that_o where_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v other_o scripture_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v read_v too_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o lectio_fw-la dominicus_n macer_n that_o at_o the_o lesson_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n the_o greek_n do_v sit_v but_o stand_v at_o those_o out_o of_o the_o new_a 19_o sozomen_n reckon_v it_o as_o a_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o alexandria_n that_o the_o bishop_n do_v not_o rise_v up_o at_o the_o gospel_n and_o nicephorus_n 34._o callisthus_fw-la say_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o church_n 3._o after_o the_o gospel_n the_o sermon_n follow_v in_o other_o church_n but_o in_o the_o old_a roman_a office_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o sermon_n to_o the_o people_n 4._o card._n bona_n say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o uninterrupted_a practice_n of_o the_o church_n from_o the_o apostle_n time_n to_o our_o own_o for_o the_o sermon_n to_o follow_v after_o the_o gospel_n and_o he_o do_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o justin_n martyr_n and_o tertullian_n and_o the_o general_a practice_n of_o it_o in_o other_o church_n especial_o the_o gallican_n but_o he_o offer_v no_o proof_n that_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o 9_o sozomen_n observe_v it_o as_o the_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o that_o church_n that_o there_o be_v no_o preach_v in_o it_o neither_o by_o the_o bishop_n nor_o by_o any_o one_o else_o valesius_fw-la seem_v to_o wonder_n at_o it_o but_o he_o say_v if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v true_a
antiphonae_n to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o they_o and_o sing_v the_o epistle_n be_v constant_o take_v out_o of_o st._n paul_n as_o walafr_n strabo_n prove_v out_o of_o the_o pontifical_a book_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n he_o say_v other_o lesson_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n agreeable_o to_o the_o time_n which_o may_v be_v borrow_a from_o the_o gallican_n church_n as_o other_o inlargement_n of_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ritualist_n confession_n be_v and_o in_o probability_n the_o distribution_n of_o the_o lesson_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o musaeus_n which_o we_o have_v digest_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n in_o the_o lectionarius_n publish_v by_o pamelius_n by_o some_o attribute_v to_o st._n jerome_n after_o the_o lesson_n follow_v the_o responsoria_n or_o proper_a hymn_n for_o so_o 8._o isidore_n say_v they_o be_v call_v because_o one_o sing_v the_o whole_a choir_n do_v answer_v and_o 33._o rhabanus_fw-la maurus_n call_v such_o a_o anthem_n responsorius_fw-la cantus_fw-la and_o these_o differ_v from_o the_o antiphonae_n because_o in_o they_o the_o whole_a choir_n sing_v each_o verse_n alternatim_fw-la but_o 15._o rupertus_n think_v they_o have_v their_o name_n because_o they_o answer_v to_o the_o lesson_n be_v sing_v immediate_o after_o they_o for_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o hearer_n mind_n say_v 3._o amalarius_n but_o beside_o the_o lesson_n and_o hymn_n he_o methodise_v the_o psalm_n so_o as_o to_o be_v read_v agreeable_o to_o the_o time_n and_o the_o lesson_n and_o not_o in_o the_o order_n wherein_o they_o stand_v which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o gallican_n church_n the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n as_o 4._o menardus_n prove_v from_o justin_n martyr_n and_o other_o be_v to_o begin_v the_o public_a service_n with_o the_o lesson_n and_o 5._o st._n ambrose_n in_o one_o place_n seem_v to_o mention_v no_o more_o in_o his_o church_n at_o milan_n beside_o the_o lesson_n and_o the_o sermon_n before_o his_o expound_v the_o creed_n to_o the_o competentes_fw-la but_o in_o the_o same_o epistle_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o psalm_n that_o be_v read_v in_o the_o morning_n service_n and_o 5._o elsewhere_o of_o the_o people_n answer_v to_o the_o psalm_n and_o it_o be_v general_o say_v by_o the_o ancient_a ritualist_n that_o st._n ambrose_n bring_v into_o the_o use_n of_o the_o western_a church_n the_o custom_n of_o sing_v the_o psalm_n verse_n by_o verse_n in_o turn_n by_o both_o side_n of_o the_o choir_n so_o 7._o isidore_n 50._o rabanus_n 25._o walafridus_n strabo_n and_o 12._o radulphus_fw-la tungrensis_fw-la and_o so_o paulinus_n in_o his_o life_n say_v he_o bring_v up_o the_o use_n of_o antiphonae_n in_o the_o western_a church_n and_o 387._o sigebert_n add_v that_o he_o take_v it_o from_o the_o greek_n and_o 7._o st._n augustine_n set_v down_o the_o occasion_n of_o it_o viz._n when_o the_o people_n at_o milan_n be_v persecute_v by_o the_o arian_n and_o resolve_v to_o abide_v in_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o to_o keep_v they_o well_o employ_v he_o think_v upon_o this_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n which_o not_o only_o continue_v there_o but_o from_o thence_o spread_v into_o other_o church_n not_o without_o opposition_n in_o some_o place_n as_o 11._o st._n augustine_n confess_v it_o meet_v with_o some_o at_o carthage_n but_o withal_o he_o say_v he_o write_v in_o vindication_n of_o it_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n it_o be_v of_o ancient_a use_n if_o 8._o socrates_n say_v true_a for_o he_o say_v it_o begin_v upon_o a_o divine_a vision_n to_o ignatius_n at_o the_o church_n of_o antioch_n but_o 8._o theodoret_n say_v flavianus_n and_o diodorus_n bring_v it_o up_o there_o but_o the_o word_n of_o theodorus_n mopseustenus_fw-la in_o 30._o nicetas_n seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o they_o take_v this_o custom_n from_o the_o syriack_n church_n however_o theodoret_n attribute_n the_o begin_n of_o sing_v the_o psalm_n of_o david_n in_o that_o manner_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n to_o they_o from_o whence_o he_o say_v it_o spread_v into_o other_o part_n but_o we_o find_v by_o 63._o st._n basil_n it_o be_v very_o hardly_o receive_v in_o the_o church_n of_o neocaesarea_n because_o it_o be_v not_o introduce_v by_o gregory_n who_o first_o settle_v the_o church_n there_o neither_o say_v he_o be_v the_o litany_n which_o they_o then_o use_v bring_v in_o by_o he_o and_o for_o that_o custom_n of_o sing_v he_o say_v it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o egypt_n palestine_n and_o syria_n as_o far_o as_o euphrates_n but_o it_o come_v late_a into_o the_o western_a church_n 4._o card._n bona_n say_v that_o damasus_n first_o command_v it_o to_o be_v use_v in_o all_o church_n by_o his_o apostolical_a authority_n but_o 20._o card._n baronius_n say_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a falsehood_n which_o the_o pontifical_a book_n affirm_v of_o damasus_n his_o appoint_v the_o psalm_n to_o be_v sing_v in_o all_o church_n and_o he_o add_v that_o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n hierome_n and_o damasus_n about_o it_o be_v counterfeit_a yet_o those_o be_v the_o authority_n which_o as_o appear_v by_o 258._o pamelius_n the_o ancient_a ritualist_n rely_v upon_o all_o that_o baronius_n will_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o damasus_n be_v that_o st._n jerome_n be_v psalter_n be_v then_o introduce_v at_o rome_n and_o yet_o we_o be_v tell_v 3._o that_o to_o this_o day_n the_o old_a translation_n of_o the_o psalter_n be_v use_v in_o st._n peter_n be_v and_o be_v call_v psalterium_fw-la romanum_fw-la in_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n francis_n which_o he_o forbid_v to_o be_v use_v in_o divine_a service_n but_o the_o same_o be_v only_o use_v in_o the_o ambrosian_a office_n and_o 4._o card._n bona_n observe_v that_o st._n gregory_n compose_v the_o antiphonae_n at_o the_o introitus_fw-la and_o at_o the_o responsoria_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o the_o old_a version_n before_o st._n jerome_n time_n of_o which_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o people_n at_o rome_n be_v so_o accustom_a to_o it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o learn_v the_o new_a testament_n of_o st._n jerome_n and_o the_o same_o author_n 12._o observe_v likewise_o that_o the_o old_a italic_a version_n be_v not_o only_o use_v in_o rome_n but_o in_o all_o the_o suburbicary_n church_n and_o other_o church_n gaul_n only_o except_v and_o from_o thence_o st._n jerome_n translation_n be_v call_v versio_fw-la gallicana_n because_o it_o be_v immediate_o receive_v into_o the_o use_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n so_o that_o i_o see_v not_o how_o baronius_n can_v make_v good_a his_o own_o assertion_n that_o st._n jerome_n be_v translation_n of_o the_o psalter_n be_v introduce_v by_o damasus_n but_o the_o use_n of_o alleluja_n by_o st._n jerome_n mean_n as_o 63._o st._n gregory_n say_v be_v bring_v from_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o baronius_n think_v be_v rather_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o some_o particular_a manner_n of_o use_v it_o but_o how_o he_o can_v justify_v the_o ancient_a use_n of_o the_o sing_a psalm_n at_o rome_n either_o before_o or_o after_o damasus_n his_o time_n till_o celestine_n be_v pope_n i_o can_v imagine_v if_o the_o pontifical_a book_n say_v true_a for_o that_o express_o affirm_v that_o celestine_n appoint_v david_n be_v psalm_n to_o be_v sing_v antiphonatim_fw-la before_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o do_v before_o but_o only_o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n and_o the_o holy_a gospel_n be_v read_v which_o word_n be_v repeat_v by_o alcuinus_fw-la amalarius_fw-la rabanus_n maurus_n walafridus_n strabo_n berno_n augiensis_n and_o several_a other_o ritualist_n and_o historian_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o 554._o pamelius_n his_o collection_n and_o 21._o cassander_n beside_o the_o author_n themselves_o but_o 33._o baronius_n say_v the_o use_n of_o sing_v the_o psalm_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n which_o we_o be_v to_o take_v upon_o his_o word_n for_o he_o bring_v no_o proof_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o 18._o st._n augustine_n say_v that_o we_o have_v the_o precept_n and_o example_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n for_o sing_v in_o our_o assembly_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o of_o david_n psalm_n nor_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o he_o say_v the_o custom_n of_o church_n be_v very_o different_a about_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o church_n of_o africa_n he_o say_v they_o confine_v themselves_o to_o the_o prophetical_a hymn_n for_o which_o they_o be_v upbraid_v by_o the_o donatist_n as_o too_o grave_a and_o formal_a but_o he_o allow_v sing_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o solemn_a part_n of_o divine_a service_n with_o which_o he_o join_v read_v the_o lesson_n preach_v and_o prayer_n either_o aloud_o by_o the_o bishop_n or_o in_o common_a by_o the_o deacon_n give_v notice_n 60._o justin_n martyr_n mention_n the_o hymn_n of_o the_o
which_o have_v more_o smattering_n of_o learning_n than_o in_o the_o age_n before_o and_o so_o he_o begin_v his_o history_n very_o formal_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o best_a roman_a author_n with_o deduce_v their_o history_n from_o gathelus_n and_o scota_n derive_v their_o succession_n from_o the_o greek_n and_o egyptian_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v they_o from_o the_o trojan_n this_o i_o do_v not_o attribute_v to_o his_o invention_n for_o it_o be_v at_o large_a in_o fordon_n 9_o who_o quote_v some_o old_a chronicle_n and_o legend_n for_o it_o especial_o the_o legend_n of_o s._n brendan_n a_o admirable_a and_o authentic_a record_n but_o to_o do_v right_a to_o hector_n in_o this_o matter_n he_o say_v ingenuous_o that_o their_o people_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n therein_o and_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n at_o large_a where_o i_o treat_v of_o these_o antiquity_n this_o humour_n have_v overspread_v all_o the_o northern_a nation_n 5._o as_o soon_o as_o they_o shake_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n and_o begin_v not_o only_o to_o be_v distinct_a kingdom_n but_o to_o have_v some_o affectation_n of_o the_o roman_a learning_n and_o to_o have_v person_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o begin_v to_o write_v their_o history_n who_o think_v they_o do_v nothing_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o country_n unless_o they_o can_v some_o way_n or_o other_o derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o trojan_n or_o greek_n or_o egyptian_n who_o they_o meet_v with_o so_o often_o in_o the_o roman_a author_n and_o the_o roman_n in_o most_o province_n mix_v together_o with_o the_o northern_a people_n excite_v a_o great_a ambition_n in_o they_o either_o to_o be_v like_o the_o roman_n or_o to_o exceed_v they_o in_o their_o pretend_a antiquity_n and_o their_o invention_n not_o be_v extraordinary_a there_o be_v very_o little_a variety_n in_o their_o several_a account_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v they_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n in_o this_o point_n hector_n boethius_n have_v acquit_v himself_o well_o enough_o but_o find_v the_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n very_o short_a and_o meager_a have_v no_o flesh_n to_o fill_v it_o nor_o nerve_n to_o support_v it_o nor_o colour_n to_o adorn_v it_o therefore_o he_o set_v himself_o to_o make_v up_o what_o he_o find_v defective_a and_o to_o put_v it_o together_o under_o the_o name_n of_o veremundus_n and_o cornelius_n hibernius_fw-la or_o other_o out_o of_o these_o he_o frame_v a_o long_a series_n or_o catalogue_n of_o king_n which_o look_v big_a and_o raise_v man_n expectation_n and_o seem_v well_o enough_o contrive_v to_o serve_v the_o pretence_n to_o so_o great_a antiquity_n this_o be_v do_v he_o fill_v up_o the_o story_n of_o these_o king_n not_o out_o of_o their_o old_a annal_n as_o far_o as_o yet_o appear_v but_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n out_o of_o his_o own_o invention_n so_o as_o to_o mix_v the_o commonwealth-learning_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n with_o the_o history_n of_o their_o ancient_a king_n which_o have_v do_v great_a prejudice_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o monarchy_n for_o hector_n history_n take_v so_o much_o among_o the_o nobility_n for_o very_o good_a reason_n to_o they_o that_o all_o that_o have_v write_v since_o he_o have_v depend_v upon_o his_o authority_n as_o appear_v both_o by_o buchanan_n and_o lesly_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o he_o gross_o contradict_v the_o roman_a history_n and_o there_o buchanan_n leave_v he_o but_o for_o the_o main_a of_o his_o history_n he_o rely_v upon_o he_o 22._o and_o lesly_n do_v nothing_o in_o effect_n but_o abridge_v he_o whatever_o he_o pretend_v as_o to_o record_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o pasly_n and_o scoon_n 39_o which_o the_o advocate_n suppose_v he_o see_v at_o rome_n whither_o he_o say_v they_o be_v carry_v if_o so_o it_o have_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o have_v procure_v well_o attest_v copy_n from_o thence_o which_o have_v not_o be_v hard_o in_o all_o this_o time_n so_o many_o gentleman_n of_o that_o nation_n travel_v thither_o and_o see_v all_o the_o curiosity_n of_o their_o library_n but_o lesly_n say_v no_o such_o thing_n for_o he_o appeal_v to_o the_o public_a archive_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o to_o any_o mss._n at_o rome_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v any_o where_n they_o be_v then_o in_o scotland_n but_o the_o advocate_n seem_v to_o have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v say_v before_o 32._o viz._n that_o the_o black_a book_n of_o scoon_n be_v among_o precedent_n spotswood_n be_v book_n indeed_o he_o say_v king_n charles_n i._o ransom_v it_o from_o rome_n but_o how_o that_o appear_v i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o know_v the_o circumstance_n he_o mention_n about_o col._n fairfax_n etc._n etc._n relate_v not_o to_o the_o book_n of_o scoon_n but_o to_o a_o copy_n of_o fordon_n which_o be_v present_v by_o he_o to_o king_n charles_n ii_o and_o if_o buchanan_n have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o book_n of_o pasley_n and_o the_o famous_a book_n of_o pluscarden_n as_o the_o advocate_n believe_v upon_o buchanan_n word_n 32._o then_o in_o his_o time_n they_o be_v not_o carry_v to_o rome_n for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v not_o question_v that_o there_o be_v mss._n chronicle_n in_o scotland_n before_o fordon_n for_o i_o find_v he_o frequent_o cite_v they_o but_o by_o the_o thing_n he_o quote_v out_o of_o they_o they_o be_v not_o considerable_a nor_o do_v by_o any_o authority_n as_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o royal_a monastery_n of_o this_o kingdom_n his_o continuer_n say_v be_v and_o afterward_o examine_v and_o compare_v i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v sir_n r._n sibbald_n reckon_v up_o among_o the_o book_n he_o have_v never_o see_v 13._o have_v make_v it_o his_o business_n so_o many_o year_n to_o illustrate_v his_o country_n not_o only_a cornelius_n hibernicus_n and_o veremundus_n but_o the_o annal_n of_o pasley_n and_o scoon_n but_o however_o we_o be_v glad_a that_o the_o advocate_n assure_v we_o he_o have_v a_o very_a old_a abridgement_n of_o the_o book_n of_o pasley_n and_o may_v this_o present_a heat_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n provoke_v they_o to_o procure_v and_o publish_v their_o ancient_a annal_n such_o as_o they_o be_v which_o will_v be_v the_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o world_n of_o this_o contention_n about_o their_o antiquity_n and_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o any_o pique_n or_o animosity_n in_o this_o matter_n that_o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v those_o antiquity_n which_o yet_o appear_v dark_a and_o confuse_a clear_v up_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o learned_a and_o ingenuous_a men._n but_o i_o must_v beg_v pardon_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n if_o i_o take_v the_o freedom_n to_o say_v he_o have_v not_o take_v the_o right_a method_n to_o do_v it_o for_o he_o ought_v first_o to_o have_v prove_v the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n by_o clear_a and_o indubitable_a testimony_n before_o he_o have_v make_v his_o severe_a reflection_n and_o inference_n but_o as_o cicero_n say_v of_o the_o musician_n who_o define_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v harmony_n ab_fw-la arte_fw-la sva_fw-la non_fw-la recessit_fw-la so_o this_o ingenious_a gentleman_n have_v manage_v this_o whole_a debate_n in_o a_o way_n more_o agree_v to_o the_o character_n of_o a_o advocate_n than_o of_o a_o antiquary_n for_o why_o so_o many_o insinuation_n as_o though_o some_o injury_n be_v intend_v to_o the_o royal_a line_n which_o i_o dare_v say_v the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n do_v real_o honour_n and_o esteem_v as_o much_o as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n himself_o for_o do_v any_o man_n of_o understanding_n think_v that_o it_o be_v any_o injury_n to_o the_o royal_a line_n of_o britain_n to_o have_v the_o fabulous_a antiquity_n of_o geoffrey_n of_o monmouth_n concern_v the_o succession_n of_o british_a king_n down_o from_o brutus_n confute_v and_o be_v not_o this_o do_v by_o buchanan_n and_o the_o advocate_n in_o plain_a english_a say_v those_o tempt_v man_n to_o lie_v who_o endeavour_n to_o derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o trojan_n 15._o but_o why_o not_o as_o well_o from_o the_o greek_n and_o egyptian_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n be_v so_o just_a to_o truth_n and_o so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o popular_a fable_n that_o he_o fair_o give_v up_o geoffrey_n before_o he_o attack_n hector_z boethius_n can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o fair_o and_o impartial_o do_v or_o more_o convince_a that_o he_o only_o design_v to_o find_v out_o truth_n in_o these_o matter_n without_o regard_n to_o that_o fondness_n some_o man_n still_o have_v for_o these_o british_a antiquity_n for_o there_o be_v and_o will_v be_v some_o and_o those_o not_o whole_o unlearned_a who_o be_v natural_o incline_v to_o believe_v fable_n and_o have_v so_o passionate_a a_o zeal_n for_o such_o thing_n that_o they_o cry_v out_o upon_o all_o discovery_n of_o this_o
say_v that_o scotia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o scota_n the_o most_o noble_a person_n in_o that_o colony_n he_o say_v it_o be_v in_o some_o chronica_fw-la but_o what_o chronica_fw-la be_v ever_o write_v by_o grosthead_n 14._o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v for_o it_o be_v certain_a fordon_n quote_v he_o in_o other_o place_n about_o scota_n and_o the_o scot_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_v that_o dempster_n do_v not_o put_v he_o among_o his_o scotish_n writer_n but_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v he_o never_o read_v fordon_n nor_o see_v elphinston_n in_o chap._n 20._o where_o fordon_n quote_v a_o old_a chronicle_n which_o affirm_v that_o gaithelus_n give_v the_o same_o law_n to_o his_o people_n which_o phoroneus_n do_v to_o the_o greek_n and_o that_o the_o scot_n to_o this_o day_n glory_n that_o they_o have_v those_o law_n this_o last_o clause_n elphinstoun_n leave_v out_o and_o he_o pass_v over_o chap._n 21._o where_o the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o gathelus_n in_o spain_n for_o 240_o year_n be_v set_v down_o in_o some_o follow_a chapter_n he_o confute_v geoffrey_n of_o monmouth_n in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o fordon_n and_o use_v his_o very_a expression_n about_o the_o first_o people_n of_o scotland_n from_o ireland_n the_o come_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o the_o hard_a usage_n of_o the_o scot_n by_o they_o and_o fergus_n his_o go_v over_o out_o of_o ireland_n in_o all_o which_o not_o one_o authority_n be_v cite_v which_o be_v not_o in_o fordon_n and_o not_o the_o least_o intimation_n of_o any_o such_o author_n as_o veremundus_n in_o the_o second_o book_n he_o follow_v fordon_n not_o only_o in_o other_o thing_n before_o but_o when_o he_o describe_v the_o island_n of_o scotland_n and_o particular_o jona_n only_o he_o leave_v out_o fordon'_v hebrew_n etymology_n make_v jona_n and_o columba_n the_o same_o 10._o and_o he_o say_v not_o one_o word_n of_o any_o library_n or_o record_n keep_v there_o or_o any_o old_a history_n and_o annal_n to_o be_v there_o find_v as_o hector_n boethius_n affirm_v all_o that_o he_o say_v be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o transgressor_n about_o fergus_n and_o rether_o he_o vary_v not_o a_o tittle_n from_o fordon_n and_o never_o mention_n any_o other_o king_n of_o that_o race_n which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v omit_v if_o he_o have_v know_v such_o a_o author_n as_o veremundus_n and_o he_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o rether_o succeed_v fergus_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n but_o that_o he_o come_v afresh_o from_o ireland_n and_o so_o make_v this_o the_o second_o come_v of_o the_o scot_n out_o of_o ireland_n which_o plain_o overthrow_v the_o constant_a succession_n of_o the_o monarchy_n from_o fergus_n in_o scotland_n and_o he_o name_v no_o one_o king_n of_o scotland_n from_o rether_o to_o eugenius_n who_o be_v banish_v with_o all_o the_o scot_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o three_o book_n he_o give_v a_o account_n after_o fordon_n of_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o erk_n come_v into_o scotland_n and_o he_o reckon_v 45_o king_n between_o the_o two_o ferguss_n just_a as_o fordon_n do_v and_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v as_o he_o do_v for_o not_o set_v down_o distinct_o the_o time_n of_o their_o several_a reign_n because_o he_o can_v not_o then_o find_v any_o write_n about_o they_o his_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la non_fw-la in_o scriptis_fw-la reperimus_fw-la now_o from_o this_o expression_n i_o thus_o argue_v against_o hector_n boethius_n his_o veremundus_n he_o say_v that_o elphinstoun_n give_v the_o first_o intimation_n of_o he_o and_o that_o follow_v he_o in_o his_o history_n either_o therefore_o veremundus_n give_v no_o account_n of_o this_o first_o succession_n which_o hector_n pretend_v to_o have_v from_o he_o and_o so_o his_o authority_n signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o this_o matter_n or_o elphinston_n never_o see_v he_o for_o he_o say_v he_o never_o can_v find_v any_o history_n of_o this_o first_o succession_n and_o therefore_o if_o ever_o there_o be_v such_o a_o book_n under_o the_o name_n of_o veremundus_n it_o be_v after_o elphinston_n day_n for_o have_v search_v the_o whole_a nation_n for_o ancient_a write_n and_o particular_o jona_n as_o hector_n testify_v and_o find_v no_o history_n of_o the_o succession_n from_o fergus_n as_o himself_o declare_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a evidence_n that_o hector_n boethius_n have_v give_v a_o false_a account_n of_o elphinston_n in_o relation_n to_o veremundus_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n of_o veremundus_n too_o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o elphinston_n do_v not_o only_o say_v that_o he_o can_v not_o find_v any_o book_n relate_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o king_n from_o fergus_n but_o he_o refer_v his_o reader_n to_o the_o old_a irish_a annal_n his_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la antiquos_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la libros_fw-la referimus_fw-la so_o that_o according_a to_o elphinston_n judgement_n the_o most_o certain_a account_n of_o their_o antiquity_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o irish_a author_n and_o so_o we_o may_v observe_v both_o in_o he_o and_o fordon_n the_o irish_a legend_n of_o s._n brendan_n and_o other_o serve_v they_o for_o very_o good_a authority_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o advocate_n be_v ancient_a historian_n veremundus_n the_o spaniard_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o mention_n of_o he_o by_o bale_n gesner_n hollinshed_n etc._n etc._n after_o he_o be_v so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o hector_n boethius_n 12._o deserve_v no_o far_a consideration_n 13._o but_o vossius_fw-la do_v not_o think_v he_o worth_n mention_v and_o although_o he_o blame_v luddus_n as_o the_o advocate_n call_v he_o or_o humphrey_n lhuyd_v for_o be_v too_o severe_a upon_o hector_n boethius_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o look_v on_o he_o as_o a_o fabulous_a writer_n and_o so_o dare_v not_o set_v he_o down_o on_o his_o authority_n 31._o the_o advocate_n will_v excuse_v this_o censure_n of_o vossius_fw-la as_o though_o it_o relate_v only_o to_o his_o credulity_n in_o point_n of_o miracle_n whereas_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o intimation_n that_o way_n and_o vossius_fw-la say_v that_o leland_n on_o the_o account_n of_o his_o fabulousness_n write_v sharp_a verse_n upon_o he_o what!_o for_o his_o have_v believe_v too_o many_o miracle_n no_o certain_o but_o for_o his_o fabulous_a antiquity_n but_o he_o hope_v to_o bring_v hector_n boethius_n better_a off_o from_o the_o censure_n of_o bishop_n gavin_n dowglas_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n take_v notice_n of_o from_o polydore_n virgil_n 30._o because_o bishop_n dowglas_n die_v a._n d._n 1520._o and_o boethius_n his_o history_n be_v not_o publish_v till_o 1526._o and_o he_o have_v not_o his_o record_n from_o icolmkill_n till_o 1525._o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o look_n like_o one_o of_o the_o miracle_n the_o advocate_n confess_v that_o hector_n do_v too_o easy_o report_v for_o if_o he_o have_v the_o record_n on_o which_o this_o history_n be_v build_v but_o in_o 1525._o how_o come_v his_o history_n to_o be_v publish_v the_o follow_a year_n for_o he_o make_v use_v of_o veremundus_n his_o authority_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o history_n 12._o for_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n both_o in_o spain_n ireland_n and_o albany_n in_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v 22.2_o whatever_o he_o have_v write_v of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o scotland_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o veremundus_n campbell_n and_o cornelius_n hibernicus_n all_o which_o he_o pretend_v to_o have_v have_v from_o icolmkill_n 35._o in_o his_o three_o book_n about_o caesar_n expedition_n he_o still_o pretend_v to_o follow_v veremundus_n and_o in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o declare_v he_o have_v keep_v close_o to_o he_o in_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o his_o history_n 118.2_o now_o how_o be_v this_o possible_a if_o he_o have_v never_o see_v veremundus_n till_o a._n d._n 1525._o and_o his_o history_n be_v publish_v by_o badius_n ascensius_n at_o paris_n a._n d._n 1526._o it_o will_v take_v up_o that_o year_n in_o send_v it_o thither_o and_o revise_v and_o correct_v and_o publish_v so_o large_a a_o volume_n as_o his_o history_n make_v so_o that_o there_o must_v be_v some_o great_a mistake_n as_o to_o the_o year_n of_o his_o receive_v those_o record_n if_o he_o ever_o do_v but_o if_o this_o be_v not_o the_o history_n bishop_n dowglas_n censure_v what_o other_o be_v there_o at_o that_o time_n which_o can_v deserve_v it_o it_o can_v not_o be_v joh._n major_n for_o his_o book_n be_v print_v by_o badius_n ascensius_n after_o dowglas_n his_o death_n if_o he_o die_v as_o he_o say_v a._n d._n 1520._o and_o he_o pretend_v to_o no_o new_a discovery_n as_o boethius_n do_v but_o why_o shall_v the_o advocate_n imagine_v his_o history_n be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o learned_a man_n at_o home_n 405._o such_o as_o bishop_n dowglas_n be_v before_o it_o be_v
church_n without_o declare_v whether_o they_o be_v compose_v or_o inspire_v and_o so_o do_v 97._o pliny_n and_o 8._o tertullian_n in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o his_o 39_o apology_n he_o say_v both_o be_v use_v 28._o eusebius_n mention_n the_o hymn_n compose_v by_o christian_n which_o prove_v the_o divinity_n of_o christ_n and_o 7.24_o the_o great_a esteem_n the_o hymn_n of_o nepos_n be_v in_o and_o 30._o the_o complaint_n against_o paulus_n samosatenus_fw-la for_o lay_v aside_o the_o hymn_n make_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o christ._n the_o council_n of_o 59_o laodicea_n first_o restrain_v the_o use_n of_o private_a hymn_n in_o the_o church_n service_n the_o greek_a canonist_n understand_v this_o canon_n of_o apocryphal_a psalm_n such_o as_o salomon_n psalter_n publish_v by_o la_fw-fr cerda_n out_o of_o the_o auspurg_n ms._n which_o he_o high_o magnify_v and_o almost_o believe_v to_o be_v genuine_a but_o if_o this_o canon_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o humane_a composition_n it_o be_v never_o receive_v in_o the_o western_a church_n wherein_o the_o hymn_n of_o st._n hilary_n st._n ambrose_n prudentius_n and_o other_o have_v be_v general_o use_v and_o the_o ambrosian_a hymn_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o service_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o second_o council_n at_o 23._o tours_n and_o eccl._n cassander_n observe_v that_o not_o only_o those_o make_v by_o st._n ambrose_n but_o other_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o be_v call_v by_o his_o name_n which_o 25._o walafridus_n strabo_n confirm_v but_o among_o those_o the_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v not_o reckon_v by_o cassander_n neither_o be_v it_o of_o the_o ambrosian_a composition_n for_o those_o hymn_n end_v their_o sentence_n every_o four_o verse_n as_o he_o observe_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v common_o say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o st._n ambrose_n and_o st._n augustine_n at_o his_o baptism_n and_o to_o prove_v it_o the_o ritualist_n quote_v the_o chronicle_n of_o datius_n bishop_n of_o milan_n but_o 19_o gavantus_n observe_v that_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o milan_n deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o chronicle_n of_o datius_n among_o they_o 5._o mabillon_n send_v to_o they_o to_o inquire_v particular_o about_o it_o and_o they_o return_v answer_n that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o title_n put_v upon_o a_o book_n write_v by_o other_o author_n in_o a_o old_a collection_n of_o hymn_n and_o a_o old_a latin_a and_o french_a psalter_n mention_v by_o 3._o archbishop_n usher_n this_o hymn_n be_v attribute_v to_o st._n nicetius_n and_o there_o be_v two_o of_o that_o name_n in_o the_o gallican_n church_n the_o former_a of_o which_o may_v probable_o be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o the_o one_o be_v bishop_n of_o trier_n and_o subscribe_v to_o the_o council_n of_o auvergn_n anno_fw-la dom._n 535._o high_o commend_v for_o his_o eloquence_n and_o sanctity_n by_o 29._o gregorius_n turonensis_n 9_o fortunatus_n and_o other_o and_o the_o other_o of_o great_a fame_n too_o and_o bishop_n of_o lion_n who_o subscribe_v to_o the_o council_n there_o anno_fw-la dom._n 567._o but_o against_o this_o latter_a there_o be_v a_o strong_a objection_n from_o the_o mention_n of_o this_o hymn_n in_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n benedict_n c._n 11._o who_o die_v according_a to_o baronius_n anno_fw-la dom._n 543._o it_o be_v likewise_o mention_v in_o the_o rule_n of_o 93._o caesarius_n draw_v up_o by_o tetradius_fw-la c._n 21._o who_o die_v about_o the_o same_o time_n and_o in_o the_o rule_n of_o 112._o aurelianus_n who_o be_v present_a in_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n anno_fw-la dom._n 549._o in_o the_o time_n of_o sacerdos_n predecessor_n to_o nicetius_n but_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n against_o the_o former_a nicetius_n since_o 351._o menardus_n confident_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o this_o hymn_n in_o any_o writer_n before_o and_o therefore_o we_o may_v look_v on_o this_o hymn_n as_o owe_v its_o original_a to_o the_o gallican_n church_n beside_o 8._o cassian_n take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o gallican_n church_n gloria_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v say_v by_o the_o people_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n but_o walafridus_n strabo_n observe_v that_o at_o rome_n they_o use_v it_o rare_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o psalm_n but_o more_o frequent_o after_o the_o responsoria_n from_o hence_o the_o three_o cardinal_n 16._o bellarmine_n 175._o baronius_n and_o 6._o bona_n all_o conclude_v those_o ritualist_n mistake_v who_o make_v damasus_n the_o author_n of_o add_v the_o gloria_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n and_o that_o the_o epistle_n under_o the_o name_n of_o st._n jerome_n to_o he_o about_o it_o be_v notorious_o false_a and_o withal_o they_o say_v that_o the_o other_o ritualist_n be_v mistake_v who_o attribute_v it_o to_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a because_o than_o there_o will_v not_o have_v be_v such_o difference_n in_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o several_a church_n in_o the_o aethiopic_a eucharistical_a office_n of_o the_o 318_o father_n at_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a bestow_v on_o i_o by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n doctor_n castle_n this_o hymn_n itself_o be_v not_o use_v but_o the_o office_n consist_v chief_o of_o a_o lofty_a and_o divine_a paraphrase_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o liturgy_n of_o dioscorus_n it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o prayer_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o 27._o st._n basil_n discourse_n concern_v it_o that_o the_o hymn_n itself_o be_v of_o ancient_a use_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n but_o he_o do_v not_o say_v in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o church_n service_n it_o be_v use_v but_o 28._o cassian_n say_v over_o all_o the_o east_n it_o be_v use_v only_o to_o conclude_v the_o antiphona_n by_o which_o he_o understand_v a_o hymn_n between_o the_o psalm_n walafridus_n strabo_n observe_v great_a diversity_n in_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o western_a church_n some_o put_v it_o he_o say_v into_o all_o office_n some_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n some_o at_o every_o break_n off_o the_o long_a psalm_n some_o after_o the_o responsal_n but_o the_o use_n in_o general_n be_v universal_o approve_v only_o the_o greek_n find_v fault_n with_o the_o latin_n for_o put_v in_o the_o middle_n sicut_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o principio_fw-la but_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v require_v in_o all_o the_o gallican_n church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 5._o caesarius_n archbishop_n of_o arles_n as_o 2._o uniformity_n be_v require_v by_o other_o council_n cardinal_z bona_z follow_v baronius_n make_v that_o council_n much_o elder_a which_o require_v the_o use_n of_o this_o hymn_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a but_o that_o can_v be_v if_o the_o subscription_n in_o sirmondus_n be_v true_a and_o he_o observe_v that_o mistake_n in_o baronius_n to_o have_v rise_v from_o misunderstand_v a_o passage_n of_o ado_n viennensis_n so_o that_o the_o morning_n service_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n consist_v chief_o in_o lesson_n hymn_n and_o psalm_n of_o st._n jerome_n be_v translation_n with_o gloria_fw-la patri_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v yet_o the_o common_a language_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n but_o be_v we_o to_o suppose_v that_o they_o meet_v together_o for_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n without_o any_o prayer_n i_o answer_v that_o they_o have_v then_o two_o sort_n of_o prayer_n in_o their_o assembly_n 1._o private_a prayer_n of_o each_o particular_a person_n by_o himself_o 2._o a_o conclude_a collect_n which_o be_v the_o common_a prayer_n wherein_o they_o all_o join_v 1._o that_o they_o have_v such_o private_a prayer_n in_o their_o assembly_n i_o prove_v from_o 7._o cassian_n who_o reprove_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o in_o the_o gallican_n church_n who_o fall_v to_o their_o private_a devotion_n on_o their_o knee_n before_o the_o psalm_n be_v well_o end_v but_o he_o say_v the_o egyptian_a monk_n use_v to_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o prayer_n to_o themselves_o stand_v and_o then_o fall_v down_o for_o a_o short_a space_n in_o a_o way_n of_o adoration_n and_o present_o rise_v up_o again_o continue_v their_o devotion_n stand_v all_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o other_o sense_n but_o that_o between_o the_o psalm_n a_o time_n be_v allow_v in_o the_o gallican_n church_n as_o well_o as_o egyptian_a monastery_n for_o private_a devotion_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n 8._o gregor_n turonensis_n say_v that_o in_o the_o gallican_n church_n the_o deacon_n do_v silentium_fw-la indicere_fw-la and_o the_o priest_n do_v it_o by_o the_o 28._o mozarabick_a liturgy_n which_o eugenius_n roblesius_n understand_v only_o of_o make_v the_o people_n attentive_a which_o i_o grant_v be_v part_n of_o the_o deacon_n office_n and_o design_n in_o command_a silence_n as_o appear_v by_o several_a passage_n in_o the_o ancient_a liturgy_n both_o greek_a and_o latin_a but_o there_o
be_v a_o far_a meaning_n in_o it_o and_o that_o the_o people_n be_v for_o a_o time_n there_o to_o attend_v to_o their_o own_o private_a prayer_n appear_v not_o improbable_a to_o i_o on_o these_o consideration_n 1._o gregory_n turonensis_n say_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o king_n take_v that_o time_n to_o speak_v to_o the_o people_n who_o immediate_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o prayer_n for_o the_o king_n not_o that_o any_o collect_n be_v then_o read_v for_o he_o for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o proper_a time_n for_o it_o but_o it_o be_v a_o time_n of_o secret_a prayer_n they_o be_v so_o move_v with_o what_o the_o king_n say_v that_o they_o all_o pray_v for_o he_o 2._o among_o the_o heathen_n when_o they_o be_v bid_v favere_fw-la linguis_fw-la yet_o than_o 10._o brissonius_n say_v they_o make_v their_o private_a prayer_n and_o as_o the_o deacon_n command_v silence_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o christian_n shall_v fall_v short_a of_o their_o devotion_n 3._o the_o great_a argument_n to_o i_o be_v the_o small_a number_n of_o collect_v in_o the_o ancient_a church_n for_o the_o christian_n spend_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n in_o the_o public_a service_n on_o the_o lords-day_n and_o the_o stationary_a day_n but_o all_o the_o other_o office_n can_v not_o take_v up_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o long_a extemporary_a prayer_n nor_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o tedious_a ceremony_n in_o all_o part_n as_o the_o roman_a breviary_n and_o missal_n introduce_v and_o the_o collect_v of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v very_o few_o and_o short_a it_o seem_v most_o probable_a that_o a_o competent_a part_n of_o the_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o private_a devotion_n a_o remainder_n whereof_o be_v still_o preserve_v in_o the_o office_n of_o ordination_n of_o priest_n in_o our_o church_n whereby_o silence_n be_v command_v to_o be_v keep_v for_o a_o time_n for_o the_o people_n secret_a prayer_n and_o the_o same_o custom_n be_v observe_v at_o the_o bid_v of_o prayer_n which_o be_v a_o direction_n for_o the_o people_n what_o to_o pray_v for_o in_o their_o buceri_fw-la private_a devotion_n after_o which_o follow_v the_o lord's-prayer_n as_o the_o conclude_a collect._n but_o either_o that_o or_o another_o be_v still_o use_v after_o these_o silent_a prayer_n and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a ancient_a reason_n of_o the_o name_n for_o 3._o micrologus_fw-la say_v the_o name_n collecta_fw-la be_v because_o the_o priest_n therein_o do_v omnium_fw-la precescolligere_fw-la or_o as_o 22._o walafridus_n strabo_n say_v necessarias_fw-la omnium_fw-la petitiones_fw-la compendiosâ_fw-la brevitate_fw-la colligere_fw-la this_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o prayer_n make_v ad_fw-la collectam_fw-la before_o the_o people_n go_v to_o the_o stationary_a church_n of_o which_o onuphrius_n panvinius_n and_o fronto_n in_o his_o calendarium_n romanum_n have_v say_v enough_o but_o as_o to_o the_o gallican_n church_n the_o 30._o council_n of_o agde_a show_n that_o after_o the_o other_o office_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n service_n the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v dismiss_v by_o the_o bishop_n collectâ_fw-la oratione_fw-la i._n e._n with_o a_o conclude_a collect._n 2._o as_o to_o the_o communion_n service_n musaeo_n gennadius_n say_v that_o musaeus_n compose_v a_o large_a volume_n of_o the_o sacrament_n with_o several_a office_n according_a to_o the_o season_n with_o a_o diversity_n of_o lesson_n and_o psalm_n and_o anthem_n and_o prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n this_o book_n be_v call_v libre_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la and_o so_o be_v gregory_n say_v 2._o menardus_n in_o several_a mss._n and_o the_o old_a missal_n publish_v by_o illyricus_n be_v call_v ordo_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n give_v to_o the_o book_n of_o liturgick_a office_n which_o be_v call_v sacramenta_fw-la both_o by_o st._n ambrose_n and_o st._n augustine_n as_o menardus_n show_v 12._o cardinal_n bona_n confess_v that_o there_o be_v undoubted_a evidence_n that_o the_o old_a gallican_n liturgy_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a and_o 6._o charles_n the_o great_a not_o only_o say_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o difference_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o divine_a office_n but_o that_o the_o gallican_n church_n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o change_v they_o for_o the_o roman_a mathias_n flacius_n illyricus_n not_o flavius_n as_o le_z cointe_n pretend_v to_o correct_v his_o name_n have_v find_v a_o ancient_a ms._n missal_n and_o discern_v several_a different_a prayer_n in_o it_o from_o the_o roman_a missal_n think_v this_o to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a gallican_n missal_n wherein_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o 601._o le_fw-fr cointe_n who_o have_v print_v it_o at_o large_a in_o his_o annal_n with_o a_o epitome_n of_o it_o publish_v by_o menardus_n out_o of_o a_o ancient_a copy_n but_o 266._o he_o show_v that_o illyricus_n his_o copy_n can_v not_o be_v of_o that_o antiquity_n he_o pretend_v viz._n before_o the_o time_n of_o gregory_n the_o great_a there_o be_v several_a thing_n in_o it_o not_o of_o that_o age_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o old_a missal_n of_o 986._o and_o be_v in_o another_o of_o late_a date_n to_o which_o le_fw-fr cointe_n return_v no_o answer_n but_o because_o this_o differ_v from_o the_o roman_a missal_n he_o conclude_v it_o must_v be_v the_o gallican_n whereas_o upon_o peruse_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o supplement_n to_o the_o roman_a missal_n for_o the_o devotion_n of_o those_o that_o celebrate_v it_o consist_v chief_o of_o private_a prayer_n to_o be_v use_v by_o they_o before_o celebration_n and_o during_o the_o sing_v of_o the_o several_a hymn_n for_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o office_n as_o the_o introitus_fw-la epistola_fw-la graduale_fw-la evangelium_fw-la offertorium_fw-la secreta_fw-la praefatio_fw-la communio_fw-la &_o postcommunio_a be_v only_o refer_v to_o and_o not_o set_v down_o whereas_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o gallican_n missal_n all_o those_o part_n will_v have_v be_v set_v down_o rather_o more_o distinct_o than_o other_o 12._o card._n bona_n think_v it_o not_o to_o have_v be_v before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n about_o which_o time_n several_a such_o private_a missal_n be_v make_v but_o he_o conclude_v that_o certain_o this_o be_v not_o the_o old_a gallican_n missal_n what_o it_o be_v he_o think_v hard_a to_o determine_v and_o i_o think_v so_o too_o if_o such_o author_n as_o hilduinus_n must_v be_v rely_v on_o it_o be_v true_a he_o mention_n the_o old_a missal_n which_o contain_v the_o gallican_n liturgy_n from_o the_o first_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n till_o the_o roman_a missal_n be_v receive_v but_o he_o be_v a_o author_n of_o no_o authority_n and_o quote_v these_o missal_n for_o a_o thing_n notorious_o false_a viz._n the_o martyrdom_n of_o dionysius_n areopagita_n in_o gaul_n and_o he_o pretend_v that_o innocentius_n gelasius_n and_o gregory_n all_o endeavour_v to_o alter_v the_o gallican_n liturgy_n which_o continue_v in_o use_n till_o pepin_n time_n so_o that_o from_o hilduinus_n no_o certain_a note_n can_v be_v take_v it_o be_v much_o more_o material_a which_o 2._o berno_n augiensis_n say_v that_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o their_o monastery_n he_o find_v a_o old_a missal_n wherein_o the_o office_n be_v very_o different_o order_v from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a and_o he_o mention_n one_o remarkable_a particular_a of_o the_o roman_a missal_n which_o be_v the_o 1._o difference_n i_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o communion_n service_n viz._n that_o the_o creed_n be_v not_o say_v nor_o sing_v at_o rome_n after_o the_o gospel_n of_o which_o he_o say_v they_o give_v this_o reason_n because_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v never_o infect_v with_o heresy_n which_o he_o say_v the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o be_v so_o little_o satisfy_v with_o that_o he_o never_o cease_v till_o they_o have_v introduce_v it_o at_o rome_n which_o say_v 5._o baronius_n be_v do_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1014._o but_o he_o seem_v not_o please_v that_o the_o former_a custom_n be_v break_v before_o that_o time_n none_o that_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a missal_n ever_o mention_v the_o creed_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o alcuinus_fw-la amalarius_fw-la rabanus_n and_o other_o and_o this_o can_v be_v understand_v bare_o of_o the_o constantinopolitan_a or_o nicene_n creed_n as_o 370._o menardus_n well_o prove_v because_o than_o berno_n will_v have_v speak_v more_o distinct_o and_o the_o athanasian_n creed_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v trace_v it_o be_v first_o use_v in_o the_o gallican_n church_n and_o that_o use_v first_o mention_v by_o abbo_n floriacensis_fw-la in_o some_o fragment_n send_v by_o nicolaus_n faber_n to_o 3._o baronius_n but_o whosoever_o consider_v the_o universal_a silence_n about_o that_o creed_n before_o and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o profession_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o first_o canon_n of_o
not_o be_v the_o original_a pict_n but_o not_o call_v by_o that_o name_n till_o new_a colony_n come_v over_o to_o people_n the_o country_n after_o the_o terrible_a devastation_n of_o it_o by_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n for_o honorii_n claudian_n make_v thule_n the_o country_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o after_o all_o the_o dispute_n which_o have_v be_v about_o it_o 19_o olaus_n rudbeck_n have_v make_v it_o very_o probable_a that_o scandinavia_n be_v mean_v by_o it_o which_o he_o prove_v not_o only_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o procopius_n who_o affirm_v it_o but_o from_o the_o exact_a agreement_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o pytheas_n isidorus_n and_o other_o with_o that_o and_o neither_o with_o iseland_n nor_o any_o other_o place_n beside_o 1._o bede_n say_v the_o common_a tradition_n be_v that_o the_o pict_n come_v out_o of_o scythia_n which_o be_v affirm_v by_o matt._n westminster_n and_o many_o other_o but_o they_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o asian_a but_o the_o european_a scythia_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o all_o the_o most_o northern_a nation_n ab_fw-la extremo_fw-la aquilone_n say_v 13._o pliny_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v 12._o that_o the_o getae_n the_o daci_n and_o sarmatae_n and_o even_o the_o german_n be_v call_v scythian_n 4._o herodotus_n mention_n the_o northern_a scythian_n to_o who_o there_o be_v no_o access_n by_o those_o who_o dwell_v near_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n without_o the_o help_n of_o seven_o language_n and_o when_o darius_n fight_v with_o they_o they_o retire_v northwards_o towards_o their_o own_o country_n europa_n ptolemy_n place_n the_o royal_a scythian_n near_o the_o hyperborean_a mountain_n which_o can_v never_o be_v find_v in_o the_o vast_a plain_n of_o poland_n and_o muscovy_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n there_o answer_v to_o their_o description_n as_o 61._o hebersteinius_fw-la and_o 4._o mathias_n à _fw-fr micou_n confess_v and_o therefore_o 9_o olaus_n rudbeck_n have_v undertake_v to_o prove_v not_o without_o great_a show_n of_o reason_n that_o these_o mountain_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o sweden_n where_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v and_o that_o ptolemy_n be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n remove_v they_o several_a degree_n more_o eastward_o than_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v and_o so_o very_a much_o straighten_n scandinavia_n which_o 4._o jornandes_n call_v the_o workhouse_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o same_o jornandes_n affirm_v from_o josephus_n that_o the_o sueones_n be_v the_o true_a scythian_n who_o st._n xenophon_n take_v to_o be_v the_o govern_v people_n of_o europe_n in_o his_o time_n as_o the_o persian_n be_v in_o asia_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o africa_n and_o the_o old_a greek_a 11._o geographer_n as_o be_v say_v before_o know_v of_o but_o two_o nation_n in_o europe_n beside_o themselves_o viz._n the_o scythae_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o celtae_n towards_o the_o west_n these_o european_a scythian_n do_v make_v frequent_a expedition_n by_o sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o old_a gothick_n history_n and_o 7._o olaus_n rudbeck_n observe_v from_o they_o that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o they_o to_o go_v abroad_o by_o sea_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o of_o their_o prince_n to_o see_v for_o booty_n and_o 44._o tacitus_n say_v particular_o of_o the_o sueones_n that_o they_o be_v well_o provide_v of_o ship_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o improbability_n that_o these_o northern_a nation_n shall_v people_n that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o lie_v near_a to_o they_o and_o 1._o sueno_n the_o first_o historian_n of_o denmark_n say_v that_o helghi_n the_o son_n of_o haldan_n the_o son_n of_o skiold_a the_o first_o monarch_n there_o be_v so_o powerful_a at_o sea_n that_o he_o be_v call_v rex_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o 2._o saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o have_v subdue_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sclavi_n he_o sail_v into_o divers_a passage_n of_o the_o sea_n gram._n andrea_n velleius_n give_v this_o reason_n why_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v so_o soon_o and_o so_o much_o give_v to_o expedition_n by_o sea_n because_o their_o king_n have_v many_o child_n they_o think_v they_o best_o employ_v abroad_o in_o seek_v other_o country_n and_o get_v spoil_n at_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o old_a boast_n of_o the_o scythian_n concern_v their_o antiquity_n and_o nobility_n may_v be_v ground_v that_o say_v of_o galgacus_n that_o the_o caledonian_n britain_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a of_o any_o of_o they_o among_o these_o scythian_n 12._o pliny_n reckon_v the_o agathyrsi_n who_o have_v their_o name_n say_v 30._o olaus_n rudbeck_n from_o aggathyr_n one_o of_o the_o gothick_n name_n for_o neptune_n from_o agga_n signify_v power_n at_o sea_n and_o tire_v power_n at_o land_n these_o agathyrsi_n say_v he_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n who_o live_v near_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o sinus_n codanus_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o prey_v upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o sea_n jornandes_n place_v they_o in_o scandia_n and_o call_v they_o agantzyrios_fw-la they_o be_v remarkable_a in_o antiquity_n for_o paint_v their_o body_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v from_o virgil_n pictique_fw-la agathyrsi_n but_o from_o what_o 15._o solinus_n say_v of_o they_o that_o their_o body_n be_v paint_v colore_fw-la caeruleo_fw-la just_a as_o the_o old_a pict_n be_v germ._n tacitus_n observe_v of_o the_o arii_n a_o fierce_a northern_a people_n that_o they_o have_v tincta_fw-la corpora_fw-la i._n e._n be_v pict_n and_o the_o same_o 2._o virgil_n say_v of_o the_o geloni_n who_o be_v next_o neighbour_n to_o the_o agathyrsi_n so_o that_o 4._o hector_n boethius_n his_o conjecture_n be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a who_o deduce_v the_o picti_n from_o the_o agathyrsi_n i._n e._n from_o the_o maritime_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n or_o as_o he_o express_v it_o from_o those_o who_o come_v first_o out_o of_o sarmatia_n into_o the_o cimbrick_n chersonese_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o scotland_n this_o be_v to_o i_o the_o most_o probable_a account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o pict_n i_o now_o come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o to_o do_v right_a to_o all_o pretender_n i_o shall_v impartial_o set_v down_o the_o several_a claim_n of_o the_o scotish_n and_o irish_a antiquary_n and_o in_o pass_v make_v some_o remark_n upon_o they_o i_o begin_v with_o the_o scotish_n pretence_n 2._o dempster_n have_v give_v a_o large_a catalogue_n of_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n who_o he_o never_o see_v such_o as_o marcerius_n the_o first_o writer_n of_o their_o history_n who_o he_o place_v anno_fw-la dom._n 53._o from_o he_o 881._o he_o say_v veremundus_n take_v his_o material_n who_o hector_n boethius_n profess_v to_o follow_v and_o cornelius_n hibernicus_n another_o of_o hector_n great_a author_n who_o be_v say_v by_o he_o to_o have_v live_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1160._o about_o 80_o year_n after_o veremundus_n according_a to_o dempster_n computation_n lesly_n or_o robert_n turner_n as_o some_o think_v mention_n some_o ancient_a annal_n which_o hector_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o in_o particular_a but_o dempster_n do_v as_o those_o of_o paslet_n and_o scone_n and_o other_o monastery_n it_o will_v tend_v very_o much_o to_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n if_o some_o of_o these_o ancient_a annal_n or_o lieger_n book_n be_v print_v by_o some_o of_o their_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v never_o be_v want_v in_o that_o nation_n since_o hector_n time_n and_o it_o have_v render_v their_o credit_n the_o more_o suspicious_a because_o they_o have_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v up_o when_o all_o the_o old_a annal_n which_o have_v be_v find_v among_o we_o have_v either_o be_v careful_o publish_v or_o our_o writer_n have_v on_o all_o occasion_n appeal_v to_o their_o authority_n and_o make_v use_v of_o their_o own_o word_n to_o justify_v their_o assertion_n whether_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o hector_n buchanan_n or_o lesly_n as_o to_o these_o annal_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o determine_v i_o omit_v dempster_n other_o ancient_a author_n who_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o by_o any_o beside_o himself_o but_o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o even_o such_o as_o veremundus_n and_o cornelius_n shall_v never_o fall_v into_o any_o hand_n that_o i_o can_v find_v but_o those_o of_o hector_n boethius_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v never_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v john_n fordon'_v scoti-chronicon_a pit_n confound_v this_o author_n with_o john_n de_fw-fr fordam_n confessor_n to_o our_o king_n john_n and_o so_o place_n he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1210._o wherein_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o learned_a 56._o ger._n vossius_fw-la he_o be_v abbot_n of_o ford_n in_o devonshire_n say_v leland_n and_o he_o mention_n no_o historical_a write_n of_o his_o but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o john_n fordon_n who_o write_v the_o scoti-chronicon_a live_v after_o
how_o their_o memory_n come_v to_o be_v preserve_v and_o even_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o pestilence_n which_o destroy_v they_o all_o but_o to_o this_o giraldus_n give_v a_o very_a substantial_a answer_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a annal_n viz._n that_o only_o one_o ruanus_n escape_v who_o live_v to_o st._n patrick_n be_v day_n and_o be_v baptize_v by_o he_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n certain_o for_o he_o must_v be_v bear_v within_o six_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o it_o be_v above_o four_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n after_o christ_n before_o st._n patrick_n be_v design_v for_o ireland_n this_o ruanus_n say_v the_o irish_a in_o giraldus_n be_v the_o true_a relatour_n of_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o ireland_n to_o st._n patrick_n and_o who_o can_v question_v the_o testimony_n of_o such_o a_o authentic_a and_o true_o ancient_a witness_n a_o late_a 4._o irish_a antiquary_n say_v he_o continue_v so_o long_o by_o a_o pythagorean_n transmigration_n but_o it_o be_v much_o he_o can_v retain_v these_o thing_n in_o his_o memory_n under_o all_o his_o transmutation_n but_o as_o to_o this_o bartholanus_n who_o be_v call_v by_o nennius_n bartholomeus_n but_o by_o geffrey_n partholomeus_fw-la by_o fordon_n partholomus_fw-la we_o read_v in_o the_o 20._o british_a history_n that_o when_o gurguintus_n return_v from_o dacia_n he_o find_v 30_o ship_n near_o the_o orcades_n full_a of_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o send_v to_o inquire_v who_o they_o be_v their_o commander_n 20._o bartholomeus_n say_v they_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o spain_n to_o seek_v a_o country_n to_o live_v in_o and_o beg_v some_o part_n of_o britain_n for_o they_o have_v be_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a at_o sea_n but_o he_o send_v they_o into_o ireland_n then_o void_a of_o inhabitant_n which_o they_o plant_v and_o there_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n it_o seem_v there_o be_v a_o tradition_n in_o nennius_n his_o time_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 830._o that_o ireland_n be_v people_v from_o spain_n and_o that_o one_o bartholonus_fw-la or_o bartholomeus_n be_v the_o leader_n of_o they_o but_o geffrey_n will_v not_o let_v they_o go_v thither_o without_o leave_n from_o the_o britain_n but_o nennius_n have_v nothing_o of_o it_o and_o that_o part_n concern_v be_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a at_o sea_n nennius_n apply_v to_o nimech_v as_o he_o call_v he_o but_o the_o irish_a nimead_n and_o he_o say_v after_o his_o abode_n in_o ireland_n he_o return_v to_o spain_n then_o nennius_n say_v three_o son_n of_o a_o spaniard_n come_v with_o thirty_o vessel_n and_o thirty_o woman_n in_o each_o of_o they_o who_o see_v a_o tower_n of_o glass_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o man_n upon_o it_o who_o will_v give_v no_o answer_n wherefore_o they_o resolve_v to_o assault_v it_o with_o all_o their_o vessel_n except_o one_o which_o be_v shipwreck_v have_v thirty_o man_n and_o as_o many_o woman_n in_o it_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v sink_v in_o the_o attempt_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o from_o those_o thirty_o man_n and_o thirty_o woman_n say_v nennius_n all_o ireland_n be_v people_v here_o we_o see_v how_o far_o geffrey_n differ_v from_o nennius_n and_o alter_v the_o old_a tradition_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a but_o nennius_n go_v on_o and_o say_v that_o more_o still_o come_v from_o spain_n and_o the_o last_o be_v one_o who_o he_o call_v clamhochor_n and_o his_o company_n but_o the_o interpolatour_n of_o nennius_n whether_o samuel_n beulanus_n or_o another_o there_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o scot_n so_o the_o irish_a be_v then_o call_v but_o yet_o nennius_n relate_v from_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n the_o story_n of_o the_o noble_a scythian_a who_o be_v son-in-law_n to_o pharaoh_n and_o his_o expulsion_n out_o of_o egypt_n and_o come_v at_o last_o to_o spain_n and_o thence_o to_o ireland_n above_o a_o thousand_o year_n after_o the_o egyptian_n be_v drown_v in_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o first_o settle_v in_o dalrieta_n which_o he_o understand_v of_o that_o region_n in_o ireland_n but_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o country_n which_o have_v the_o same_o name_n in_o scotland_n so_o that_o here_o we_o have_v very_o different_a account_n that_o be_v give_v so_o long_o since_o as_o the_o time_n of_o nennius_n and_o no_o way_n find_v then_o to_o distinguish_v the_o true_a from_o the_o false_a or_o the_o certain_a from_o the_o uncertain_a but_o of_o that_o more_o afterward_o now_o to_o go_v on_o to_o a_o far_a account_n from_o the_o irish_a author_n who_o say_v 3._o that_o thirty_o year_n after_o nemedus_n another_o scythian_a with_o his_o four_o son_n arrive_v in_o ireland_n with_o a_o good_a fleet_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o giant_n but_o by_o another_o pestilence_n be_v drive_v off_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o three_o captain_n simeon_n breac_n ibaath_v and_o briotan_n and_o the_o two_o former_a sail_v to_o greece_n briotan_n with_o his_o adherent_n land_v in_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n now_o call_v scotland_n and_o by_o these_o and_o their_o posterity_n remain_v there_o give_v the_o denomination_n of_o britain_n to_o the_o whole_a island_n and_o this_o we_o be_v tell_v be_v affirm_v by_o the_o holy_a cormach_n king_n of_o munster_n and_o bishop_n of_o cashel_n in_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n and_o all_o the_o chronologer_n of_o ireland_n agree_v with_o he_o this_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o authentic_a history_n among_o they_o and_o so_o call_v because_o do_v in_o verse_n and_o 350._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o more_o remote_a antiquity_n in_o it_o be_v take_v from_o another_o book_n make_v 1200_o year_n since_o collect_v out_o of_o all_o the_o former_a chronicle_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o allow_v in_o a_o solemn_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o tarach_n under_o laogerius_fw-la 46._o in_o the_o time_n of_o st._n patrick_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o committee_n appoint_v for_o the_o supervise_v of_o it_o and_o this_o book_n be_v call_v the_o psalter_n of_o tarach_n this_o i_o confess_v go_v much_o beyond_o what_o can_v be_v say_v for_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n or_o hector_n boethius_n but_o yet_o methinks_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o reason_n why_o these_o annal_n shall_v not_o have_v such_o a_o mighty_a authority_n with_o we_o for_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a that_o there_o ever_o be_v such_o annal_n or_o that_o these_o annal_n if_o they_o be_v so_o exact_o draw_v up_o be_v still_o preserve_v for_o not_o only_a 40._o gratianus_n lucius_n complain_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o old_a annal_n but_o 196._o jocelin_n in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n patrick_n conclude_v with_o say_v that_o many_o of_o their_o write_n relate_v to_o he_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o pagan_n while_o they_o govern_v in_o ireland_n by_o these_o pagan_n the_o dane_n be_v mean_v and_o the_o slavery_n under_o they_o be_v 139._o say_v to_o be_v worse_o than_o egyptian_a circassian_n or_o any_o other_o mention_v in_o history_n and_o particular_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o clergy_n be_v banish_v into_o bogs_n wood_n and_o cave_n where_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o lurk_v several_a year_n like_o wild_a beast_n 141._o and_o that_o none_o be_v suffer_v to_o keep_v school_n or_o to_o be_v teach_v any_o kind_n of_o learning_n not_o even_o in_o their_o own_o house_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n none_o be_v suffer_v to_o have_v any_o kind_n of_o book_n but_o all_o book_n the_o dane_n can_v light_v upon_o be_v either_o burn_v or_o take_v away_o from_o they_o it_o be_v possible_a their_o annal_n may_v escape_v such_o a_o storm_n as_o this_o but_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v altogether_o probable_a especial_o consider_v that_o this_o first_o slavery_n under_o the_o dane_n continue_v forty_o year_n in_o which_o they_o say_v all_o their_o famous_a monastery_n cell_n 14â—_n university_n college_n be_v destroy_v not_o one_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v withal_o say_v that_o although_o other_o loss_n may_v be_v recover_v yet_o their_o library_n be_v never_o recover_v 15_o only_o some_o few_o religious_a man_n preserve_v some_o of_o their_o book_n but_o we_o have_v no_o assurance_n that_o the_o old_a annal_n be_v among_o they_o or_o if_o they_o be_v then_o that_o they_o can_v escape_v the_o second_o danish_a invasion_n which_o continue_v for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n in_o which_o lector_fw-la colganus_n say_v the_o irish_a antiquity_n have_v a_o irrecoverable_a loss_n at_o least_o he_o say_v not_o yet_o recover_v and_o yet_o he_o have_v cormach_n psalter_n or_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n tigernacus_n his_o annal_n or_o the_o annales_n cluanenses_n the_o annales_n insulenses_n compose_v by_o one_o magraidin_n in_o the_o island_n of_o all-saint_n in_o
till_o cuthbert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n obtain_v leave_v for_o it_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 758._o upon_o this_o 26._o alford_n and_o 5._o cressy_n charge_v he_o with_o a_o manifest_a mistake_n and_o great_a impertinency_n a_o mistake_n in_o that_o ethelbert_n and_o augustine_n be_v both_o bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o saint_n paul_n and_o what_o then_o do_v sir_n h._n spelman_n say_v there_o be_v no_o bury_n in_o church_n before_o cuthbert_n time_n no._n but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o bury_v place_n in_o city_n before_o that_o time_n for_o the_o church_n of_o st._n augustine_n or_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v without_o the_o city_n for_o so_o the_o 12._o ms._n chronicle_n of_o st._n augustine_n be_v say_v that_o when_o the_o body_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n be_v carry_v thither_o to_o burial_n they_o follow_v our_o saviour_n who_o suffer_v without_o the_o gate_n and_o that_o it_o be_v like_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v go_v out_o of_o egypt_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n observation_n which_o relate_v to_o bury_v in_o city_n and_o not_o in_o church_n and_o withal_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o one_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o 24._o king_n ethelbert_n why_o that_o place_n be_v assign_v for_o a_o bury_v place_n be_v because_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o live_n and_o not_o for_o the_o dead_a but_o why_o do_v they_o not_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o churchyard_n to_o be_v so_o great_a which_o be_v the_o most_o to_o the_o purpose_n but_o they_o say_v sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v observation_n be_v impertinent_a glassenbury_n be_v then_o a_o solitary_a place_n and_o very_o far_o from_o be_v a_o city_n it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o weight_n have_v be_v lay_v by_o he_o only_o upon_o that_o there_o be_v no_o evidence_n of_o any_o roman_a city_n there_o but_o his_o design_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o churchyard_n be_v not_o then_o adjoin_v to_o church_n because_o the_o cemetery_n be_v without_o the_o city_n and_o the_o church_n within_o in_o the_o british_a time_n and_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 290._o he_o say_v although_o they_o bury_v in_o church_n yet_o those_o church_n in_o which_o they_o bury_v be_v without_o the_o city_n till_o cuthbert_n first_o procure_v the_o alteration_n by_o royal_a authority_n and_o some_o say_v by_z papal_z too_o but_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n augustine_n deny_v the_o pope_n confirmation_n but_o the_o main_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v insist_v upon_o be_v the_o incongruity_n of_o this_o story_n with_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n at_o that_o time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n then_o as_o arviragus_n and_o in_o that_o country_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 63._o when_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n say_v joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_v first_o to_o britain_n for_o 14._o tacitus_n say_v it_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o island_n when_o a._n plautius_n and_o ostorius_n scapula_n be_v governor_n here_o and_o between_o they_o and_o suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v didius_n gallus_n and_o veranius_n in_o probability_n the_o belgae_n be_v subdue_v by_o vespasian_n of_o who_o 4._o suetonius_n say_v that_o he_o conquer_v here_o two_o powerful_a nation_n above_o twenty_o town_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o which_o we_o find_v his_o employment_n be_v westward_o and_o the_o belgae_n and_o damnonii_n be_v the_o two_o powerful_a nation_n that_o way_n and_o in_o all_o the_o action_n afterward_o we_o find_v no_o care_n take_v by_o the_o roman_a general_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o belgae_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o brigantes_n and_o silures_n among_o who_o caractacus_n command_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o belgae_n as_o arviragus_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v when_o 30._o ostorius_n march_v northwards_o have_v suppress_v the_o iceni_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o will_v have_v fix_v his_o garrison_n on_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o avon_n to_o secure_v the_o province_n for_o as_o our_o 375._o judicious_a antiquary_n have_v well_o observe_v the_o design_n of_o ostorius_n therein_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o provincial_a britain_n from_o join_v with_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o all_o on_o this_o side_n those_o garrison_n be_v within_o the_o roman_a province_n now_o the_o place_n where_o the_o garrison_n be_v place_v be_v by_o tacitus_n say_v to_o be_v antona_n and_o sabrina_n the_o latter_a be_v certain_o the_o severn_n which_o part_v the_o belgae_n and_o the_o silures_n for_o antona_n camden_n read_v aufona_n although_o northanton_n come_v near_o the_o former_a name_n and_o southanton_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n anton_n which_o there_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o ptolemy_n call_v trisanton_n i._n e._n say_v camden_n traith_n anton_n the_o mouth_n of_o anton_n but_o he_o choose_v aufona_n for_o this_o reason_n because_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr rise_n both_o in_o the_o country_n of_o northampton_n and_o so_o cut_v the_o island_n that_o none_o can_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o north_n but_o they_o must_v cross_v one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o they_o or_o else_o fall_v upon_o the_o roman_a garrison_n between_o the_o remainder_n whereof_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o between_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr at_o gildsborough_n and_o daintry_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o hinder_v all_o intercourse_n between_o the_o brigantes_n and_o the_o roman_a province_n as_o the_o other_o do_v between_o the_o silures_n and_o they_o but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v such_o a_o british_a king_n as_o arviragus_n among_o the_o belgae_n what_o will_v the_o fortify_v the_o severn_n have_v signify_v when_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n live_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n tacitus_n indeed_o mention_n a_o expedition_n of_o ostorius_n against_o the_o cangi_n who_o 68_o camden_n sometime_o think_v a_o small_a people_n among_o the_o belgae_n but_o upon_o better_a consideration_n 463._o he_o place_v they_o in_o cheshire_n where_o he_o find_v a_o inscription_n concern_v the_o ceangi_n and_o tacitus_n say_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o look_v towards_o ireland_n 293._o r._n white_a of_o basingstoke_n suppose_v this_o arviragus_z to_o bestow_v the_o island_n on_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n when_o trebellius_n maximus_n be_v governor_n here_o who_o succeed_v petronius_n turpilianus_n the_o year_n c._n suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v consul_n at_o rome_n which_o according_a to_o the_o savilian_a fasti_fw-la be_v in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o nero_n and_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 67._o four_o year_n after_o joseph_n come_n according_a to_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n but_o that_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n if_o at_o that_o time_n we_o be_v sure_o there_o be_v such_o a_o king_n as_o arvinagus_fw-la among_o the_o belgae_n but_o he_o again_o contradict_v the_o glassenbury_n story_n for_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o the_o barbarous_a king_n obstinate_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o religion_n but_o out_o of_o pity_n to_o they_o give_v they_o the_o island_n to_o live_v in_o but_o white_a say_v he_o be_v well_o affect_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v a_o admirable_a prince_n this_o arviragus_n he_o take_v out_o of_o the_o 26._o british_a history_n where_o pleasant_a story_n be_v tell_v of_o he_o and_o from_o thence_o in_o 44._o matthew_n westminster_n as_o of_o his_o oppose_a claudius_n and_o then_o marry_v his_o daughter_n genissa_n and_o the_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o vespasian_n by_o her_o mean_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o his_o son_n marius_n succeed_v he_o and_o then_o coillus_n who_o be_v wonderful_o belove_v by_o the_o roman_a senate_n here_o we_o have_v find_v at_o last_o the_o three_o king_n of_o glassenbury_n arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n as_o they_o be_v exstant_fw-la in_o capgrave_n and_o other_o so_o that_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n have_v not_o its_o perfection_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v these_o improvement_n from_o the_o british_a history_n for_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n though_o he_o take_v so_o great_a pain_n in_o this_o matter_n yet_o know_v nothing_o of_o arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n he_o speak_v indeed_o of_o three_o pagan_a king_n give_v twelve_o portion_n of_o land_n to_o the_o twelve_o brethren_n but_o he_o know_v not_o their_o name_n which_o grant_v he_o say_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n lucius_n to_o twelve_o other_o who_o be_v place_v there_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o twelve_o and_o this_o continue_a to_o the_o come_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o yet_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o book_n
he_o say_v that_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 601._o the_o king_n of_o dompnonia_n i._n e._n devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n give_v to_o the_o old_a church_n in_o glassenbury_n the_o land_n call_v ynis_n withrin_n or_o the_o island_n of_o avalon_n who_o this_o king_n be_v he_o say_v he_o can_v not_o learn_v but_o he_o conclude_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o britain_n by_o call_v the_o island_n by_o the_o british_a name_n but_o as_o to_o arviragus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o british_a prince_n of_o that_o name_n can_v be_v deny_v since_o juvenal_n mention_n he_o in_o domitian_n time_n omen_n habes_fw-la inquit_fw-la magni_fw-la clarÃque_fw-la triumphi_fw-la 125._o regem_fw-la aliquem_fw-la capies_fw-la aut_fw-la de_fw-fr temone_n britanno_fw-mi excidet_fw-la arviragus_n the_o 50._o author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o dover_n understand_v this_o passage_n as_o speak_v to_o nero_n which_o agree_v much_o better_a with_o the_o tradition_n of_o glassenbury_n but_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v with_o juvenal_n who_o say_v plain_o enough_o that_o satyr_n relate_v to_o domitian_n and_o his_o flatterer_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a insipid_a flattery_n to_o domitian_n unless_o arviragus_n be_v a_o considerable_a prince_n then_o live_v and_o a_o enemy_n to_o caesar._n for_o what_o triumph_n can_v he_o have_v over_o a_o subject_a or_o a_o friend_n as_o aviragus_n be_v suppose_v after_o the_o reconciliation_n with_o vespasian_n and_o no_o such_o enemy_n can_v appear_v at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o part_n of_o britain_n for_o 20._o petilius_n cerealis_n have_v conquer_v the_o brigantes_n and_o julius_n frontinus_n the_o silures_n and_o agricola_n after_o they_o the_o ordovices_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n tacitus_n say_v even_o the_o confederate_a city_n among_o the_o britain_n who_o stand_v upon_o term_n of_o equality_n before_o then_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a power_n and_o receive_v garrison_n among_o they_o after_o this_o agricola_n proceed_v northwards_o against_o new_a people_n and_o destroy_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o frith_n of_o taus_n tweed_n then_o he_o fortify_v the_o passage_n between_o glota_n and_o bodotria_n dumbretton_n and_o edinburgh_n frith_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o all_o this_o side_n have_v cast_v out_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v into_o another_o land_n as_o sir_n h._n savil_n translate_v the_o word_n of_o tacitus_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o king_n as_o arviragus_n at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o island_n over_o who_o domitian_n can_v expect_v a_o triumph_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o eight_o of_o nero_n when_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v hither_o at_o what_o time_n arviragus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n in_o britain_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v live_v so_o long_o but_o how_o come_v he_o to_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a story_n as_o prasutagus_n cogidunus_n caractacus_n togodumnus_n and_o galgacus_n be_v arviragus_z his_o name_n be_v well_o know_v at_o rome_n in_o domitian_n time_n why_o not_o speak_v of_o before_o brit._n some_o think_v he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o prasutagus_n but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o prasutagus_n be_v dead_a before_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o boadicea_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o roman_n ill_a usage_n of_o the_o britain_n after_o his_o death_n and_o prasutagus_n leave_v only_o two_o daughter_n what_o become_v then_o of_o his_o son_n marius_n who_o 384._o white_a will_v have_v to_o be_v cogidunus_n but_o marius_n be_v say_v to_o succeed_v arviragus_z who_o be_v alive_a in_o domitian_n time_n and_o cogidunus_n have_v the_o city_n confer_v upon_o he_o before_o suetonius_n paulinus_n come_v into_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n which_o be_v thing_n inconsistent_a 9_o other_o say_v that_o arviragus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o caractacus_n for_o this_o opinion_n alford_n contend_v and_o juvenal_n he_o say_v mention_n the_o name_n by_o a_o poetical_a licence_n although_o he_o live_v long_o before_o but_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o to_o suppose_v that_o fabricius_n veienti_fw-la shall_v make_v such_o a_o course_n compliment_n to_o domitian_n that_o he_o shall_v triumph_v over_o a_o man_n dead_a and_o triumph_v over_o once_o already_o by_o claudius_n who_o be_v never_o know_v at_o rome_n by_o any_o other_o name_n than_o caractacus_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o which_o he_o be_v so_o famous_a for_o his_o long_a opposition_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o domitian_n time_n after_o the_o recalling_a agricola_n and_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o salustius_n lucullus_n his_o successor_n the_o britain_n take_v up_o arm_n under_o arviragus_n and_o the_o 583._o learned_a primate_n of_o armagh_n mention_n a_o old_a british_a coin_n in_o sir_n r._n cotton_n collection_n with_o these_o letter_n on_o it_o arivog_n from_o whence_o he_o think_v his_o true_a name_n be_v arivogus_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n turn_v to_o arviragus_n and_o the_o old_a scholiast_n there_o say_v that_o be_v not_o his_o true_a name_n the_o britain_n be_v now_o up_o in_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v be_v not_o repress_v till_o hadrian_n come_v over_o in_o person_n and_o build_v the_o first_o wall_n to_o keep_v they_o out_o of_o the_o roman_a province_n for_o before_o this_o hadriano_n spartianus_n say_v the_o britain_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o fit_a season_n in_o domitian_n time_n agricola_n be_v recall_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o domitian_n reign_n for_o such_o a_o king_n as_o arviragus_n to_o appear_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o it_o be_v then_o a_o suitable_a compliment_n to_o he_o to_o wish_v he_o a_o triumph_n over_o arviragus_n but_o 7._o alford_n say_v that_o claudius_n send_v caractacus_n home_o again_o and_o after_o many_o year_n he_o die_v in_o peace_n be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o roman_n how_o then_o come_v tacitus_n to_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o he_o as_o he_o do_v of_o cogidunus_n be_v it_o probable_a the_o roman_n will_v restore_v so_o subtle_a and_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n as_o caractacus_n have_v be_v to_o they_o cogidunus_n have_v be_v always_o faithful_a to_o they_o but_o caractacus_n a_o open_a enemy_n and_o the_o silures_n still_o in_o be_v over_o who_o he_o command_v and_o not_o over_o the_o belgae_n as_o he_o must_v have_v do_v if_o he_o be_v the_o arviragus_n who_o give_v the_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o his_o companion_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o put_v together_o to_o show_v for_o what_o reason_n i_o decline_v the_o tradition_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_n hither_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o although_o they_o may_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v other_o yet_o i_o hope_v they_o may_v serve_v to_o clear_v i_o from_o unexcusable_a partiality_n which_o 9_o mr._n cressy_a charge_n on_o all_o who_o call_v this_o tradition_n into_o question_n 2._o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v from_o very_o good_a and_o sufficient_a evidence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o christian_a church_n plant_v in_o britain_n during_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o such_o evidence_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v build_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a and_o credible_a writer_n and_o have_v a_o concurrent_a probability_n of_o circumstance_n i_o shall_v first_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a and_o credible_a writer_n for_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a rule_n of_o 12._o baronius_n in_o such_o case_n that_o no_o testimony_n of_o late_a author_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v concern_v thing_n of_o remote_a antiquity_n which_o be_v not_o support_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n and_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n themselves_o according_a to_o their_o ability_n and_o opportunity_n for_o some_o have_v far_o great_a judgement_n than_o other_o some_o have_v great_a care_n about_o these_o matter_n and_o make_v it_o more_o their_o business_n to_o search_v and_o inquire_v into_o they_o and_o some_o have_v great_a advantage_n by_o be_v present_a in_o the_o court_n of_o prince_n or_o council_n of_o bishop_n whereby_o they_o can_v better_o understand_v the_o beginning_n and_o succession_n of_o church_n and_o for_o all_o these_o there_o be_v none_o more_o remarkable_a in_o antiquity_n than_o eusebius_n be_v a_o learned_a and_o inquisitive_a person_n a_o favourite_n of_o constantine_n the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n bear_v and_o proclaim_v emperor_n in_o britain_n one_o present_a at_o the_o council_n at_o nice_a whither_o bishop_n be_v summon_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o that_o have_v a_o particular_a curiosity_n to_o examine_v
among_o the_o britain_n be_v only_o speak_v of_o the_o maeatae_n and_o caledonii_n in_o their_o great_a confusion_n when_o all_o the_o reins_o of_o government_n be_v cast_v off_o and_o the_o people_n do_v what_o they_o listen_v as_o tacitus_n describe_v they_o in_o his_o time_n say_v that_o they_o be_v draw_v off_o from_o their_o former_a obedience_n to_o their_o king_n by_o the_o head_n of_o several_a faction_n among_o they_o so_o that_o although_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n here_o be_v monarchical_a government_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o extend_v over_o all_o britain_n as_o the_o monkish_a tradition_n pretend_v concern_v king_n lucius_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o predecessor_n of_o he_o even_o from_o the_o come_n of_o brutus_n to_o his_o day_n but_o neither_o our_o religion_n nor_o our_o government_n need_v such_o fiction_n to_o support_v they_o suppose_v then_o that_o king_n lucius_n succeed_v cogidunus_n though_o not_o immediate_o in_o the_o government_n of_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n commit_v to_o his_o care_n i_o see_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o allow_v that_o king_n lucius_n hear_v of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n either_o by_o the_o old_a british_a christian_n such_o as_o eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v or_o by_o some_o of_o m._n aurelius_n his_o soldier_n come_v hither_o after_o the_o great_a deliverance_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o christian_n which_o have_v then_o late_o happen_v and_o occasion_v great_a discourse_n every_o where_o the_o emperor_n himself_o as_o 15._o tertullian_n say_v give_v the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o his_o own_o letter_n may_v upon_o this_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o inform_v himself_o thorough_o about_o this_o religion_n and_o there_o be_v then_o frequent_a intercourse_n between_o rome_n and_o britain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o colony_n that_o be_v settle_v and_o the_o governor_n and_o soldier_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o he_o may_v send_v eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la to_o be_v full_o instruct_v in_o this_o religion_n and_o either_o the_o same_o person_n alone_o or_o two_o other_o with_o they_o call_v faganus_n and_o duvianus_n common_o come_v into_o britain_n may_v have_v so_o great_a success_n as_o to_o baptize_v king_n lucius_n and_o many_o other_o and_o thereby_o enlarge_v the_o christian_a church_n here_o the_o 188._o old_a book_n of_o landaff_n give_v a_o much_o more_o modest_a account_n of_o this_o whole_a matter_n than_o either_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n or_o any_o of_o his_o follower_n there_o we_o find_v only_o that_o king_n lucius_n send_v eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o twelve_o bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v be_v make_v a_o christian_a through_o his_o instruction_n upon_o which_o he_o give_v god_n thanks_o that_o such_o a_o heathen_a nation_n do_v so_o much_o desire_n christianity_n and_o then_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o presbyter_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n they_o first_o baptize_v these_o ambassador_n and_o be_v well_o instruct_v they_o ordain_v they_o make_v eluanus_n a_o bishop_n and_o medwinus_n a_o teacher_n and_o so_o they_o return_v to_o king_n lucius_n who_o with_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o britain_n be_v baptize_v and_o then_o according_a to_o the_o instruction_n of_o eleutherius_fw-la he_o settle_v the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n cause_v bishop_n to_o be_v ordain_v and_o the_o christian_a religion_n to_o be_v teach_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o this_o account_n but_o what_o seem_v to_o have_v great_a probability_n in_o it_o the_o same_o account_n be_v in_o capgrave_n out_o of_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n in_o the_o life_n of_o dubricius_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o original_a tradition_n of_o the_o british_a church_n which_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n have_v corrupt_v with_o his_o flamen_n and_o archiflamin_n and_o other_o afterward_o make_v a_o epistle_n for_o eleutherius_fw-la to_o king_n lucius_n but_o can_v not_o avoid_v such_o mark_n in_o the_o way_n of_o write_v as_o evident_o discover_v the_o imposture_n and_o when_o the_o monk_n hand_n be_v once_o in_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o give_v over_o for_o some_o of_o they_o carry_v faganus_n and_o diruvianus_n as_o some_o call_v he_o to_o glassenbury_n other_o make_v they_o consecrate_v the_o church_n at_o winchester_n to_o which_o they_o say_v king_n lucius_n have_v a_o particular_a kindness_n and_o give_v all_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o flamen_n have_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o monk_n a_o gift_n that_o will_v never_o make_v they_o the_o rich_a or_o the_o safe_a other_o make_v king_n lucius_n to_o find_v st._n peter_n church_n at_o westmister_n the_o church_n in_o dover_n castle_n st._n martin_n by_o canterbury_n st._n peter_n in_o cornhill_n where_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n they_o say_v be_v place_v by_o he_o and_o theanus_n make_v the_o first_o bishop_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o eluanus_n who_o go_v on_o the_o embassy_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la and_o beside_o these_o they_o make_v he_o to_o found_v and_o endow_v so_o many_o church_n with_o such_o unlikely_a circumstance_n as_o have_v make_v other_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v ever_o such_o a_o person_n in_o the_o world_n as_o king_n lucius_n that_o be_v the_o common_a effect_n of_o say_v much_o more_o than_o be_v true_a to_o make_v what_o be_v real_o true_a more_o doubtful_a and_o suspicious_a but_o there_o be_v one_o difficulty_n yet_o to_o be_v clear_v for_o all_o this_o story_n in_o its_o best_a circumstance_n seem_v to_o imply_v that_o there_o be_v no_o christian_a church_n here_o before_o for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v what_o need_v he_o to_o have_v send_v as_o far_o as_o rome_n to_o be_v instruct_v unless_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o know_v to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o contest_v lay_v between_o these_o two_o thing_n whether_o it_o be_v more_o credible_a that_o christianity_n be_v plant_v here_o before_o king_n lucius_n or_o that_o king_n lucius_n be_v baptize_v by_o order_n from_o eleutherius_fw-la i_o shall_v very_o much_o prefer_v the_o former_a because_o the_o authority_n of_o gildas_n as_o to_o the_o british_a christianity_n be_v to_o be_v rely_v on_o before_o the_o late_a writer_n and_o gildas_n assert_v the_o one_o and_o although_o he_o have_v as_o much_o reason_n as_o bede_n or_o any_o after_o he_o he_o never_o take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o king_n lucius_n and_o eleutherius_fw-la and_o if_o a_o negative_a argument_n will_v hold_v any_o where_n it_o be_v where_o a_o person_n have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o know_v as_o any_o that_o follow_v he_o and_o as_o great_a occasion_n to_o discover_v what_o he_o know_v both_o which_o will_v hold_v in_o the_o case_n of_o gildas_n compare_v with_o bede_n or_o late_a writer_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n for_o we_o to_o know_v whence_o bede_n have_v his_o first_o information_n of_o this_o matter_n for_o he_o profess_v to_o follow_v other_o writer_n about_o the_o british_a affair_n and_o in_o many_o place_n he_o follow_v gildas_n exact_o but_o in_o this_o he_o pass_v by_o what_o gildas_n say_v about_o the_o primitive_a christianity_n of_o britain_n and_o instead_o thereof_o put_v in_o this_o story_n of_o king_n lucius_n 27._o bale_n say_v that_o eluanus_n avalonius_n be_v a_o disciple_n to_o those_o who_o be_v the_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o that_o he_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o britain_n with_o good_a success_n but_o king_n lucius_n be_v persuade_v by_o his_o druid_n will_v not_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n but_o to_o satisfy_v himself_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v deceive_v by_o his_o countryman_n he_o send_v eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la and_o eluanus_n upon_o his_o return_n write_v a_o book_n de_fw-fr origine_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la britannorum_fw-la of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o british_a church_n and_o pit_n be_v sure_a to_o follow_v he_o where_o he_o have_v no_o reason_n but_o leland_n never_o mention_n this_o book_n nor_o the_o write_n of_o medwinus_n belgius_n and_o of_o king_n lucius_n himself_o all_o relate_n to_o this_o matter_n but_o eluano_n leland_n only_o take_v notice_n that_o eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n be_v employ_v upon_o a_o embassy_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la that_o by_o his_o mean_n he_o may_v become_v a_o christian_n which_o say_v he_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v unless_o he_o be_v first_o inform_v what_o christianity_n be_v which_o he_o think_v be_v preach_v to_o king_n lucius_n by_o they_o be_v two_o of_o the_o old_a british_a christian_n and_o there_o he_o relate_v how_o by_o chance_n he_o meet_v with_o a_o old_a ms._n of_o the_o british_a affair_n join_v with_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n wherein_o this_o story_n be_v tell_v exact_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o book_n
of_o landaff_n and_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o any_o other_o person_n send_v back_o but_o those_o that_o go_v and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v judge_v bede_n follow_v this_o old_a british_a tradition_n only_o leave_v out_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n send_v and_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o british_a church_n after_o the_o baptism_n of_o king_n lucius_n for_o bede_n say_v as_o little_a as_o he_o well_o can_v that_o tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o british_a church_n so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o which_o seem_v the_o true_a account_n of_o this_o embassy_n eluanus_n and_o edwinus_fw-la be_v british_a christian_n themselves_o and_o therefore_o send_v to_o eleutherius_fw-la have_v be_v probable_o the_o person_n employ_v to_o convince_v king_n lucius_n but_o he_o know_v the_o great_a fame_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o be_v tell_v he_o not_o only_o that_o there_o be_v christian_n there_o but_o a_o bishop_n in_o that_o city_n the_o twelve_o from_o the_o apostle_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o understand_v how_o far_o the_o british_a christian_n and_o those_o of_o rome_n agree_v and_o he_o may_v reasonable_o then_o presume_v that_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n be_v there_o true_o teach_v at_o so_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o apostle_n and_o in_o a_o place_n whither_o as_o 3._o irenaeus_n argue_v in_o this_o case_n a_o resort_n be_v make_v from_o all_o place_n because_o of_o its_o be_v the_o imperial_a city_n these_o be_v reasonable_a consideration_n which_o may_v move_v king_n lucius_n to_o send_v this_o embassy_n to_o rome_n and_o not_o any_o opinion_n of_o st._n peter_n have_v appoint_v the_o head_n of_o the_o church_n there_o of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o imagination_n then_o nor_o a_o long_a time_n after_o in_o the_o british_a church_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o contest_v of_o the_o british_a bishop_n with_o augustine_n the_o monk_n of_o which_o in_o its_o due_a place_n if_o any_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o king_n 69._o arthur_n diploma_n to_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n this_o matter_n will_v be_v full_o clear_v for_o there_o it_o be_v express_o say_v that_o king_n lucius_n be_v convert_v by_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o doctor_n of_o cambridge_n for_o which_o reason_n he_o give_v large_a privilege_n to_o that_o university_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n arthur_n and_o in_o the_o ms._n annal_n of_o burton_n it_o be_v say_v that_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 141._o nine_o of_o the_o doctor_n and_o scholar_n of_o cambridge_n be_v baptize_v i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a what_o objection_n have_v be_v make_v by_o learned_a antiquary_n against_o both_o these_o passage_n and_o how_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o reconcile_v they_o to_o the_o language_n and_o history_n of_o that_o time_n nor_o that_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o annal_n of_o burton_n be_v put_v into_o the_o ms._n copy_n by_o another_o hand_n as_o the_o learned_a 51._o primate_n observe_v by_o compare_v the_o copy_n of_o they_o in_o the_o library_n of_o c._n c._n c._n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v just_o plead_v that_o in_o the_o bull_n of_o honorius_n i._o bear_v date_n an._n dom._n 624.20_o febr._n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n by_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la and_o that_o withal_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o doctor_n and_o scholar_n there_o and_o that_o this_o bull_n of_o honorius_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v authentic_a in_o the_o bull_n of_o eugenius_n iv_o upon_o the_o controversy_n about_o jurisdiction_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n bear_v date_n an._n d._n 1433._o 14_o cal._n oct._n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o all_o that_o rely_v on_o the_o pope_n authority_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n lucius_n and_o eleutherius_fw-la there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o learned_a man_n in_o cambridge_n to_o have_v instruct_v king_n lucius_n in_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n may_v be_v of_o that_o number_n especial_o consider_v that_o camboritum_n or_o as_o many_o copy_n have_v it_o camboricum_n be_v a_o roman_a colony_n and_o mention_v in_o the_o best_a copy_n among_o the_o 28_o city_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o roman_a colony_n have_v their_o school_n of_o learning_n wherein_o the_o several_a professor_n of_o art_n and_o science_n do_v instruct_v both_o the_o roman_a and_o british_a youth_n of_o which_o i_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o discourse_v afterward_o after_o this_o time_n we_o meet_v with_o little_a concern_v the_o british_a church_n till_o the_o persecution_n of_o dioclesian_n in_o which_o they_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n for_o the_o time_n it_o last_v here_o for_o although_o the_o name_n of_o no_o more_o be_v preserve_v than_o only_o of_o st._n alban_n aaron_n and_o julius_n yet_o both_o 8._o gildas_n and_o 7._o bede_n say_v that_o many_o more_o suffer_v martyrdom_n then_o in_o britain_n as_o 144._o baronius_n acknowledge_v and_o although_o dioclesian_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o infinite_a ambition_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o command_a himself_o to_o be_v worship_v as_o god_n and_o therefore_o have_v so_o great_a a_o antipathy_n to_o christianity_n that_o his_o whole_a reign_n may_v be_v call_v as_o asâ—am_n m._n velserus_n say_v one_o perpetual_a persecution_n yet_o he_o have_v so_o much_o art_n as_o to_o throw_v off_o the_o odium_fw-la of_o it_o upon_o other_o to_o which_o purpose_n he_o first_o make_v choice_n of_o maximianus_n a_o brutish_a and_o fierce_a man_n who_o stick_v at_o nothing_o for_o the_o shame_n or_o the_o cruelty_n of_o it_o as_o he_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o eutropius_n and_o victor_n and_o therefore_o be_v a_o fit_a instrument_n as_o occasion_v serve_v to_o execute_v dioclesian_n malice_n against_o the_o christian_n which_o he_o do_v not_o fail_v to_o perform_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o thebean_a legion_n which_o suffer_v in_o the_o first_o expedition_n against_o the_o bagaudae_n for_o refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o extirpate_v the_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rebel_n as_o 1._o sigonius_n and_o afrae_fw-la velserus_n relate_v the_o story_n but_o the_o great_a persecution_n under_o dioclesian_n of_o which_o gildas_n and_o bede_n speak_v do_v not_o certain_o begin_v till_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 303._o dioclesian_n and_o maximianus_n be_v one_o the_o eight_o the_o other_o the_o seven_o time_n consul_n as_o 12._o lactantius_n have_v evident_o make_v to_o appear_v but_o in_o the_o next_o year_n upon_o the_o resignation_n of_o these_o two_o galerius_n maximianus_n and_o constantius_n chlorus_n be_v declare_v emperor_n and_o it_o be_v general_o say_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n that_o constantius_n stop_v the_o persecution_n in_o the_o province_n under_o his_o government_n so_o that_o either_o the_o persecution_n in_o britain_n must_v be_v before_o the_o other_o or_o it_o can_v continue_v but_o a_o little_a time_n to_o solve_v this_o etc._n alford_n say_v there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n but_o to_o make_v this_o persecution_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o three_o of_o dioclesian_n and_o the_o first_o of_o maximianus_n at_o which_o time_n 31._o baronius_n say_v a_o very_a sharp_a persecution_n be_v begin_v against_o the_o christian_n at_o rome_n which_o be_v about_o the_o time_n when_o maximianus_n begin_v his_o expedition_n into_o gaul_n against_o the_o bagaudae_n and_o in_o his_o passage_n over_o the_o alps_n the_o thebean_a legion_n suffer_v the_o circumstance_n of_o which_o story_n be_v so_o agreeable_a in_o all_o respect_n that_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o truth_n of_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o preserve_v by_o eucherius_n but_o by_o venantius_n fortunatus_n helinandus_n beda_n vsuardus_n and_o ado._n but_o maximianus_n make_v then_o no_o long_a stay_n in_o gaul_n and_o for_o several_a year_n after_o both_o dioclesian_n and_o he_o be_v so_o take_v up_o in_o warlike_a expedition_n that_o they_o have_v no_o leisure_n for_o a_o sharp_a and_o long_a persecution_n and_o i_o can_v however_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o any_o persecution_n in_o britain_n about_o that_o time_n by_o dioclesian_n or_o maximian_n for_o when_o he_o come_v against_o the_o bagaudae_n carausius_n be_v employ_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n against_o the_o frank_n and_o the_o saxon_n but_o understand_v maximian_n design_n to_o take_v he_o off_o he_o watch_v his_o opportunity_n and_o with_o a_o good_a fleet_n and_o considerable_a army_n come_v for_o britain_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o government_n here_o and_o maximian_n have_v no_o fleet_n leave_v to_o pursue_v he_o hither_o this_o revolt_n of_o carausius_n happen_v within_o few_o year_n after_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n be_v joint_a emperor_n viz._n an._n dom._n 286._o but_o alford_n say_v the_o old_a writer_n of_o saint_n alban_n be_v life_n pitch_v upon_o anno_fw-la