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hint_v at_o all_o such_o case_n as_o may_v be_v necessary_a and_o without_o weary_v my_o reader_n with_o citation_n which_o be_v very_o easy_a i_o have_v furnish_v the_o book_n with_o as_o much_o reason_n as_o be_v ordinary_o to_o be_v find_v in_o legal_a treatise_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v so_o oft_o cite_v the_o basilick_n theophil_n and_o the_o greek_a scholiast_n be_v not_o only_o because_o none_o before_o i_o have_v use_v they_o in_o criminal_a treatise_n but_o because_o i_o conclude_v they_o the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o justinian_o text_n for_o these_o book_n have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o same_o age_n and_o place_n and_o some_o of_o they_o by_o those_o who_o compile_v the_o latin_a text_n they_o must_v understand_v it_o best_o of_o all_o other_o of_o which_o i_o have_v give_v many_o instance_n in_o this_o book_n and_o shall_v here_o add_v one_o there_o forget_v which_o be_v that_o the_o latin_a interpreter_n doubt_v much_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o remittendum_fw-la in_o the_o constitution_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la imperatori_fw-la male_a dixerit_fw-la some_o interpret_n it_o pardon_v some_o to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o the_o basilick_v render_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v only_o ignoscendum_fw-la i_o can_v but_o admire_v much_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n who_o give_v not_o only_a inclination_n but_o pleasure_n to_o such_o as_o toil_n for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o for_o i_o be_o sure_a few_o man_n will_v have_v from_o any_o weak_a impulse_n bestow_v so_o much_o time_n and_o so_o many_o thought_n upon_o a_o employment_n which_o without_o bring_v gain_n will_v certain_o bring_v envy_n and_o censure_v for_o i_o find_v it_o be_v the_o genius_n of_o this_o age_n to_o admire_v such_o as_o make_v the_o public_a good_a bend_n to_o their_o design_n and_o to_o
its_o own_o nature_n punishable_a by_o death_n 3._o by_o the_o 82._o act_n i._o 6._o p._n 11._o stealer_n of_o pleugh_n graith_n or_o breaker_n of_o miâ—nes_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v therefore_o to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n but_o because_o our_o practic_n be_v in_o this_o a_o little_a arbitrary_a and_o uncertain_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o theft_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o pursue_v by_o accusation_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a accuser_n or_o by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a by_o way_n of_o accusation_n it_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n or_o as_o our_o charter_n call_v foffa_o &_o furca_fw-la or_o by_o sheriff_n but_o if_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o num._n 7._o but_o this_o distinction_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v for_o the_o sheriff_n do_v proceed_v to_o judge_v theft_n even_o by_o citation_n &_o though_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v with_o with_o the_o fang_n which_o be_v certain_o a_o error_n for_o all_o process_n upon_o citation_n against_o a_o thief_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n viii_o in_o the_o procedor_fw-la before_o these_o inferior_a court_n they_o do_v not_o condemn_v to_o death_n except_o upon_o three_o theft_n or_o that_o the_o person_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o famosus_fw-la fur_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o only_o stat_fw-la da._n 2._o cap._n 17._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v defame_v at_o three_o baron_n court_n and_o want_v a_o pledge_n or_o cautioner_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v or_o if_o he_o be_v defame_v and_o cite_v in_o two_o court_n or_o in_o one_o and_o be_v of_o ill_a fame_n likewise_o or_o as_o we_o say_v there_o be_v public_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v but_o simple_a fame_n be_v say_v there_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n except_o that_o ill_a fame_n be_v find_v by_o a_o assize_n upon_o oath_n yet_o this_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o fame_n be_v in_o no_o case_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n relate_v that_o the_o three_o theâ—t_n by_o the_o statutory_a law_n of_o most_o place_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o who_o be_v oft_o find_v commit_v the_o same_o crime_n be_v presume_v by_o the_o law_n to_o design_n to_o make_v it_o a_o trade_n ang._n ad_fw-la l._n 8._o devi_fw-la publica_fw-la where_o the_o commit_n of_o theft_n twice_o infer_v this_o presumption_n the_o law_n of_o holland_n provide_v that_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n except_o it_o seem_v otherways_o just_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o of_o his_o age_n or_o any_o other_o pregnant_a reason_n and_o ordinary_o three_o small_a theft_n be_v by_o matheus_n say_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v such_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n as_o deserve_v death_n the_o civilian_n do_v upon_o supposition_n that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v capital_a conclude_v that_o these_o three_o theft_n shall_v be_v distinct_a even_o as_o to_o to_o the_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o the_o three_o theft_n though_o he_o have_v be_v former_o punish_v for_o both_o the_o other_o two_o or_o though_o the_o former_a two_o have_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o albeit_o they_o use_v many_o distinction_n for_o clear_v whether_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n where_o the_o first_o two_o be_v not_o commit_v within_o his_o territory_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o he_o yet_o since_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o statute_n against_o the_o three_o theft_n but_o that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a with_o death_n because_o the_o committer_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v irreclaimable_a therefore_o i_o think_v that_o where_o ever_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v yet_o for_o the_o three_o theft_n the_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n for_o that_o with_o we_o yet_o see_v gomesius_n chasaneus_n and_o other_o famous_a lawyer_n attest_v this_o to_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o world_n i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v follow_v by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o number_n have_v some_o certain_a rule_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o limit_v and_o warrand_v which_o be_v much_o safe_a than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v scop_n to_o break_v out_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o either_o cruelty_n or_o cowardliness_n the_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v theft_n or_o larcenry_n into_o petty_a larcenry_n when_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v not_o twelve_o penny_n and_o its_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o death_n and_o grand_a larcenry_n when_o it_o exceed_v twelve_o penny_n wherein_o the_o thief_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o book_n and_o if_o one_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o six_o penny_n at_o one_o time_n and_o six_o penny_n at_o another_o time_n than_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o if_o two_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eighten_v penny_n joint_o each_o be_v guilty_a common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n of_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thief_n be_v likewise_o a_o good_a ground_n of_o make_v theft_n puishable_a by_o death_n the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n &_o high_a fures_fw-la famosi_fw-la sive_fw-la infamati_fw-la de_fw-la pluribus_fw-la furtis_fw-la be_v ordinary_o hang_v likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o clarus_n num._n 8._o hoc_fw-la tit_n menoch_n arbitrariis_fw-la casu_fw-la 295._o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o witness_n depon_n of_o their_o credulity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v inform_v by_o other_o our_o law_n call_v such_o de_fw-fr famiati_fw-la de_fw-fr latrocinio_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v caution_n the_o old_a law_n appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prove_v thief_n for_o latro_fw-la defamatus_fw-la &_o latro_fw-la probatus_fw-la be_v still_o aequipollent_a in_o our_o law_n but_o i_o think_v these_o law_n too_o severe_a and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n ix_o as_o to_o the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v because_o their_o power_n be_v more_o eminent_a that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v more_o arbitrary_a but_o i_o think_v the_o distinction_n allow_v by_o civilian_n will_v be_v very_o reasonable_a which_o be_v that_o in_o furto_fw-la simplici_fw-la in_o simple_a theft_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v never_o be_v impose_v but_o in_o qualify_a theft_n if_o the_o quality_n be_v such_o as_o agredge_v the_o crime_n very_o much_o which_o aggravation_n be_v either_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v steal_v as_o in_o our_o statute_n the_o stealer_n of_o pleugh-graith_a cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o pleugh_n and_o pleugh-graith_a in_o the_o time_n of_o tell_v and_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o grow_a tree_n or_o breaker_n of_o milnes_n or_o of_o lead_v coâ—ns_n or_o fuel_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n 82._o act._n 11._o p._n i._n 6_o and_o hocheâ—s_n and_o killer_n of_o ox_n horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n as_o well_o committer_n as_o recepter_n act._n 110._o p._n ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o this_o act_n be_v hang_v for_o kill_v drumlanerk_n sheep_n 20._o feb._n 1666._o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o labour_a cattle_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v a_o case_n wherein_o theft_n may_v be_v commit_v without_o carry_v any_o thing_n away_o for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o wrong_n without_o carry_v away_o the_o thing_n wrong_v be_v constant_o declare_v to_o be_v theft_n &_o per_fw-la constitutionem_fw-la frederici_fw-la secundi_fw-la de_fw-la stat_fw-la §_o agricultores_fw-la the_o steal_a pleugh_n graith_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o particular_a crime_n x._o herdship_n likewise_o which_o be_v the_o driving_z away_o a_o great_a many_o cattle_n call_v by_o the_o civilian_n crimen_fw-la abigeatus_fw-la be_v likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o particular_o by_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n but_o though_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la dig_v de_fw-fr abigeat_fw-la say_v that_o abigei_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la dentur_fw-la yet_o matheus_n do_v interpret_v that_o not_o to_o be_v mean_v de_fw-fr ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la but_o only_o de_fw-fr ludo_fw-la gladiatorio_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v l
cause_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n and_o of_o old_a if_o a_o person_n accuse_v for_o treason_n do_v absent_v himself_o the_o criminal_a court_n not_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n can_v proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n by_o probation_n against_o he_o and_o so_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n for_o his_o absence_n upon_o which_o denounciation_n his_o escheat_n do_v only_o fall_v but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v forefeit_v and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o own_o absence_n procure_v to_o himself_o a_o impunity_n and_o exemption_n from_o forfeiture_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o their_o supreme_a power_n cite_v the_o person_n guilty_a to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v probation_n in_o absence_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v he_o in_o absence_n though_o guilty_a but_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a that_o parliament_n behoove_v either_o to_o be_v call_v or_o such_o delinquent_n pass_v unpunished_a therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n 2._o parl._n ch._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o try_v crime_n by_o probation_n even_o when_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v absent_a in_o case_n of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n and_o open_a and_o manifest_a rebellion_n against_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n and_o their_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v yet_o only_a judge_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o probation_n against_o absent_v except_o only_a perduellion_n oâ—_n open_a and_o manifest_a treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v probation_n against_o absent_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n and_o not_o in_o crime_n of_o lesser_a importance_n yet_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o just_a detestation_n which_o the_o parliament_n have_v of_o this_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o may_v not_o be_v delay_v where_o the_o delay_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a ii_o if_o the_o parliament_n forfeit_v any_o person_n after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n their_o sentence_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judge_n act_n 39_o parl._n 11._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v to_o that_o act_n that_o no_o forfeiture_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a for_o these_o word_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v seem_v unnecessary_a since_o after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a judicatory_a can_v quarrel_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n even_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o say_v decreet_a be_v not_o lawful_a and_o orderly_a yet_o if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o denounce_v fugitive_n by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n may_v suspend_v in_o that_o case_n if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o orderly_o lead_v but_o whether_o they_o can_v reduce_v even_o in_o that_o case_n est_fw-la altioris_fw-la indaginis_fw-la and_o some_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o such_o a_o decreet_a shall_v receive_v present_a execution_n where_o possible_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lawful_o cite_v yet_o that_o such_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o the_o illegality_n of_o that_o procedure_n before_o they_o though_o not_o object_v before_o sentence_n shall_v remain_v undecided_a till_o the_o next_o session_n of_o parliament_n iii_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v remit_v any_o such_o process_n for_o crime_n to_o any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v decide_v final_o before_o they_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o their_o decision_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n and_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n reach_v only_o to_o decision_n in_o parliament_n but_o yet_o since_o decreet_n pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n be_v repute_v with_o we_o decreet_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n be_v not_o reduceable_a because_o these_o decreet_n be_v repute_v decreet_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n it_o seem_v that_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n in_o crime_n after_o probation_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v and_o reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o other_o inferior_a judicatories_n title_n iu._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high-constable_n in_o crminals_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n constable_n and_o his_o power_n 2._o the_o office_n of_o petty_a constable_n 3._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o those_o who_o be_v constable_n of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n i._o some_o describe_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o word_n coning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o stay_n or_o hold_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n because_o constabulary_n be_v only_o erect_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o king_n keep_v house_n and_o thus_o the_o constable_n be_v judge_v of_o old_a to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o habitation_n l._n malcol_n c._n 6._o though_o skeen_n there_o observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n or_o four_o scot_n miles_n our_o craig_n and_o other_o author_n derive_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la under_o the_o roman_a empire_n nam_fw-la constabularius_fw-la say_v he_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aequitum_fw-la since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n this_o office_n of_o high-constable_n stand_v heretable_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o errol_n and_o their_o be_v some_o debate_n concern_v his_o jurisdiction_n francis_n earl_n of_o errol_n obtain_v commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 23._o of_o jun_n 1630._o seal_v penult_n march_v 1631._o to_o the_o person_n therein_o specify_v or_o any_o nine_o of_o they_o impower_v they_o to_o search_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n consuetude_n monument_n and_o register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o evident_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n or_o the_o lord_n hay_o his_o son_n shall_v produce_v concern_v their_o honour_n hostilogy_n privilege_n and_o immmunity_n belong_v or_o which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o this_o commission_n i_o have_v see_v with_o the_o report_n thereof_o date_v the_o 27_o of_o july_n 1631._o bearing_n the_o commissioner_n to_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n and_o his_o say_a son_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v their_o instruction_n warrant_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n anent_o the_o constable_n privilege_n and_o in_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o report_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n only_o here_o treat_v of_o they_o set_v down_o these_o word_n the_o constable_n be_v supreme_a in_o all_o matter_n of_o riot_n disorder_n blood_n and_o slaughter_v commit_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o council_n represent_v the_o royal_a authority_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o that_o alse_a well_o within_o the_o court_n as_o outwith_o the_o same_o and_o the_o trial_n and_o punishment_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n be_v proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n and_o the_o provost_n and_o baily_n of_o that_o centre_n or_o burgh_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n within_o the_o bound_n where_o the_o say_v fact_n be_v commit_v be_v obliedge_v to_o ride_v concur_v fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o take_v the_o say_n malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v their_o tolbooth_n patent_n for_o receive_v they_o therein_o as_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o production_n of_o warrant_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o which_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o exhibition_n of_o certain_a bond_n make_v by_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o constable_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v that_o purpose_n the_o king_n have_v see_v this_o report_n do_v approve_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n direct_v to_o his_o secret_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o court_n at_o theobal_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1633._o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n the_o 15._o day_n of_o that_o month_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n report_n and_o letter_n foresay_a the_o constable_n be_v design_v high-constable_n and_o his_o office_n the_o high-office_n of_o constabulary_a the_o constable_n be_v still_o in_o use_n since_o that_o time_n to_o judge_v riot_n within_o the_o bound_n foresaid_n and_o to_o interrupt_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n when_o he_o know_v of_o their_o meddle_v provide_v the_o riot_n be_v commit_v in_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o edinburgh_n anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o 1641._o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n be_v find_v
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
a_o subvassal_n by_o a_o subvassal_n and_o a_o burges_n by_o a_o burges_n but_o a_o low_a person_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o high_a and_o by_o the_o chap._n 2._o stat._n alex._n 2._o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1._o june_n 1591._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n declare_v all_o such_o as_o be_v land_v man_n sufficient_a to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o the_o old_a law_n require_v noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o albeit_o of_o old_a it_o be_v uncontraverted_o receive_v that_o none_o shall_v pass_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o nobleman_n except_o nobleman_n nor_o upon_o the_o assize_n of_o baron_n except_o baron_n yet_o of_o late_o it_o have_v be_v much_o debate_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o douglasse_n of_o spot_n 9_o may_v 1667._o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v home_o of_o ecles_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o spot_n be_v a_o baron_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v but_o by_o baron_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n conform_v to_o the_o citation_n above_o duced_z it_o be_v reply_v by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n 1._o neither_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v or_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n be_v bind_v law_n but_o only_a book_n of_o apocrypha_n 2._o though_o they_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la see_v burgess_n and_o other_o be_v daily_o admit_v by_o the_o late_a practic_n to_o pass_v upon_o baron_n assize_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n assizer_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whereas_o now_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v but_o witness_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n repose_v much_o less_o confidence_n in_o they_o now_o then_o former_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o be_v so_o scrupulous_a in_o their_o election_n 3._o burgess_n be_v in_o parliament_n allow_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o and_o forefault_n nobleman_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o more_o solemn_a judicator_n and_o be_v reject_v in_o judicator_n where_o case_n of_o less_o importance_n be_v ordinary_o judge_v and_o in_o which_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v may_v be_v easy_o repeal_v 4._o diet_n before_o the_o justice-court_n be_v always_o peremptor_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o diet_n behove_v very_o frequent_o to_o be_v desert_v if_o only_a nobleman_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o nobleman_n baron_n by_o baron_n 5._o by_o the_o state_n of_o king_n alexander_n above_z cite_v it_o be_v only_o requisite_a that_o knight_n be_v judge_v by_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v not_o add_v there_o that_o baron_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n which_o show_v that_o that_o privilege_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o they_o even_o in_o those_o day_n and_o last_o see_v all_o man_n life_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a concernment_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o can_v be_v judge_n of_o any_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o debate_n be_v oppone_v whereby_o it_o be_v evince_v in_o the_o title_n by_o what_o law_n crime_n be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v and_o reg._n majes_n be_v our_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la abovecited_a dispence_v with_o that_o privilege_n in_o some_o case_n do_v demonstrat_fw-la that_o regular_o this_o privilege_n take_v place_n with_o we_o likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o procedure_n before_o the_o justice_n general_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 3._o cite_v these_o law_n as_o bind_v and_o give_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_v in_o that_o court_n but_o by_o his_o peer_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o this_o be_v a_o declinatur_fw-la and_o be_v arbitrary_a for_o party_n to_o plead_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v antiquate_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v and_o repel_v but_o as_o this_o citation_n out_o of_o skeen_n who_o be_v but_o a_o late_a author_n do_v show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la so_o nobleman_n have_v late_o have_v the_o same_o indulge_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n and_o lord_n ochiltree_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o law_n here_o cite_v to_o the_o three_o found_v upon_o burgess_n sit_v upon_o forefaulter_n in_o parliament_n the_o same_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o case_n see_v the_o parliament_n may_z abrogat_fw-la law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o their_o procedure_n tie_v to_o they_o and_o though_o burgess_n singly_o be_v not_o peer_n to_o nobleman_n yet_o the_o collective_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v be_v much_o more_o their_o peer_n to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o inconvenience_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o not_o after_o and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v much_o more_o press_v it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o a_o assize_n of_o 15._o mean_a tradesman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o try_v a_o duke_n or_o marquesse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vast_a mistake_n to_o think_v that_o assize_n be_v only_a witness_n and_o not_o judge_n see_v they_o vote_v and_o their_o verdict_n be_v call_v a_o sentence_n and_o if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o relevancy_n be_v in_o these_o case_n which_o use_v to_o be_v of_o all_o case_n most_o intricat_a simple_o refer_v to_o they_o without_o any_o debate_n to_o the_o five_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o inference_n be_v mere_o conjectural_a but_o if_o the_o text_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o by_o knight_n there_o be_v mean_v vassal_n or_o free_a holder_n for_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v the_o word_n knight_n not_o eque_v but_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n or_o be_v in_o that_o place_n exegetick_n and_o not_o disjunctive_a and_o to_o the_o last_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o man_n life_n be_v not_o equal_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n for_o even_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n mean_a people_n be_v judge_v to_o die_v for_o many_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_o to_o noble_a roman_n and_o though_o with_o we_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v against_o nobleman_n be_v just_o allow_v to_o be_v more_o solemn_a upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n ordain_v a_o new_a assize_n to_o be_v summond_v whereof_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v baron_n and_o the_o remanent_fw-la land_v gentleman_n it_o be_v thereafter_o doubt_v whether_o a_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n so_o that_o none_o can_v pass_v upon_o his_o assize_n who_o be_v not_o baron_n or_o land_a man_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o baron_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n for_o his_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n will_v fall_v though_o not_o enter_v and_o as_o a_o baron_n though_o denude_v remain_v still_o a_o baron_n or_o a_o prelate_n though_o for_o age_n demit_v will_v be_v still_o a_o prelate_n so_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n though_o not_o enter_v shall_v be_v still_o a_o baron_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o december_n 1674._o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o appearent_a heir_n be_v not_o nomen_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o privilege_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v and_o the_o appear_a air_n of_o a_o baron_n will_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o sir_n allexander_n seaton_n case_n quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o comodum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o in_o law_n all_o baron_n may_v have_v heir_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n adduce_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n militat_fw-la in_o this_o see_v these_o proceed_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la feudi_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la vi_fw-la privilegii_fw-la and_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o not_o of_o the_o appearent_a heir_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n 19_o of_o july_n 1675._o repel_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o assizer_n and_o find_v the_o privilege_a extend_v not_o to_o the_o appearent_a heir_n of_o baron_n mackintosh_n contra_fw-la frazer_n of_o culbokie_n not_o be_v this_o privilege_n extend_v to_o land_a man_n though_o infest_v if_o their_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n viii_o albeit_o it_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v that_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o their_o proper_a