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sound_n by_o sense_n and_o reason_n boetius_fw-la or_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a bring_v forth_o the_o sound_n with_o humane_a voice_n by_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a instrument_n and_o judge_v all_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v so_o bring_v forth_o this_o as_o placentinus_n write_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o music_n be_v twofold_a inspective_a and_o active_a of_o inspective_a music_n inspective_a music_n be_v a_o knowledge_n censure_v and_o ponder_v the_o sound_n form_v with_o natural_a instrument_n not_o by_o the_o ear_n who_o judgement_n be_v dull_a but_o by_o wit_n and_o reason_n of_o active_a music_n active_a music_n which_o also_o they_o call_v practic_n be_v as_o saint_n austin_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o music_n write_v the_o knowledge_n of_o sing_v well_o or_o according_a to_o guido_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o doctrinal_a it_o be_v a_o liberal_a science_n dispense_n the_o principle_n of_o sing_v true_o franchinus_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o his_o theoric_n do_v so_o define_v it_o it_o be_v a_o knowledge_n of_o perfect_a sing_n consist_v of_o sound_n word_n and_o number_n which_o be_v in_o like_a sort_n twofold_n mensurall_a and_o plain_a of_o mensurall_a music_n mensurall_a music_n be_v the_o diverse_a quantity_n of_o note_n and_o the_o inequality_n of_o figure_n because_o they_o be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v according_a as_o the_o mood_n time_n and_o prolation_n do_v require_v of_o this_o we_o will_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o plain_a music_n plain_a music_n as_o saint_n bernard_n a_o excellent_a searcher_n into_o regular_a and_o true_a concinence_n do_v write_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o music_n say_v it_o be_v a_o rule_n determine_v the_o nature_n and_o form_n of_o regular_a song_n their_o nature_n consist_v in_o the_o disposition_n their_o form_n in_o the_o progression_n and_o composition_n or_o plain_a music_n be_v a_o simple_a and_o uniform_a prolation_n of_o note_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v augment_v nor_o diminish_v of_o the_o profitablenesse_n of_o this_o art_n the_o profit_n of_o this_o art_n be_v so_o great_a as_o write_v pope_n john_n the_o 22._o of_o that_o name_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o music_n that_o whosoever_o give_v himself_o to_o it_o shall_v judge_v of_o the_o quality_n of_o any_o song_n whether_o it_o be_v trivial_a or_o curious_a or_o false_a he_o know_v both_o how_o to_o correct_v that_o which_o be_v faulty_a and_o how_o to_o compose_v a_o new_a one_o it_o be_v therefore_o say_v he_o no_o small_a praise_n no_o little_a profit_n no_o such_o labour_n as_o to_o be_v esteem_v of_o slight_o which_o make_v the_o artist_n both_o a_o judge_n of_o those_o song_n which_o be_v compose_v and_o a_o corrector_n of_o those_o which_o be_v false_a and_o a_o inventor_n of_o new_a of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o musician_n and_o a_o singer_n of_o they_o that_o profess_v the_o art_n of_o harmony_n there_o be_v three_o kind_n say_v franchinus_n in_o the_o first_o book_n the_o 4._o chap._n of_o his_o theoric_n one_o be_v that_o which_o deal_v with_o instrument_n the_o other_o make_v verse_n the_o three_o do_v judge_v the_o work_n both_o of_o the_o instrument_n and_o of_o the_o verse_n now_o the_o first_o which_o deal_v with_o instrument_n do_v herein_o spend_v all_o his_o work_n as_o harper_n and_o organist_n &_o all_o other_o which_o approve_v their_o skill_n by_o instrument_n for_o they_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o intellectual_a part_n of_o music_n be_v but_o as_o servant_n and_o use_v no_o reason_n void_a of_o all_o speculation_n and_o follow_v their_o sense_n only_o now_o though_o they_o seem_v to_o do_v many_o thing_n learned_o and_o skilful_o yet_o be_v it_o plain_a that_o they_o have_v not_o knowledge_n because_o they_o comprehend_v not_o the_o thing_n they_o profess_v in_o the_o pureness_n of_o their_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o do_v we_o deny_v they_o to_o have_v music_n which_o be_v the_o science_n of_o make_v melody_n fot_o there_o be_v knowledge_n without_o practice_n and_o most_o a_o end_v great_a than_o in_o they_o that_o be_v excellent_a practitioner_n for_o we_o attribute_v the_o nimbleness_n of_o finger_v not_o to_o science_n which_o be_v only_o reside_v in_o the_o soul_n but_o to_o practice_v for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o every_o man_n the_o more_o skilful_a he_o be_v in_o the_o art_n the_o more_o swift_a he_o will_v be_v in_o his_o finger_n yet_o do_v we_o not_o deny_v the_o knowledge_n of_o music_n to_o all_o that_o play_v on_o instrument_n for_o the_o organist_n and_o he_o that_o sing_v to_o the_o harp_n may_v have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o music_n which_o if_o it_o be_v we_o account_v such_o the_o best_a artist_n the_o second_o kind_n be_v of_o poet_n who_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o make_n of_o a_o verse_n rather_o by_o a_o natural_a instinct_n than_o by_o speculation_n these_o boêtius_fw-la seclude_v from_o the_o 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plutarch_n in_o his_o music_n set_v down_o be_v force_v unto_o it_o by_o homer_n authority_n and_o prove_v it_o thus_o speculation_n breed_v only_a knowledge_n but_o practice_n bring_v the_o same_o to_o work_v who_o be_v call_v singer_n the_o practitioner_n of_o this_o faculty_n be_v call_v a_o cantor_n who_o do_v pronounce_v and_o sing_v those_o thing_n which_o the_o musician_n by_o a_o rule_n of_o reason_n do_v set_v down_o so_o that_o the_o harmony_n be_v nothing_o worth_a if_o the_o cantor_n seek_v to_o utter_v it_o without_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o unless_o he_o comprehend_v that_o which_o he_o pronounce_v in_o the_o purity_n of_o his_o understanding_n therefore_o well_o say_v joan._n papa_n 22._o cap._n 2._o to_o who_o shall_v i_o compare_v a_o cantor_n better_a than_o to_o a_o drunkard_n which_o indeed_o go_v home_n but_o by_o which_o path_n he_o can_v
sign_n be_v the_o number_n of_o three_o join_v with_o a_o circle_n or_o a_o semicircle_n or_o a_o perfect_a circle_n set_v without_o a_o number_n thus_o o3_n c3_n o._n the_o imperfect_a be_v wherein_o a_o brief_a be_v measure_v only_o by_o two_o semibreefe_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o number_n of_o two_o join_v with_o a_o perfect_a circle_n or_o a_o semicircle_n or_o a_o semicircle_n without_o a_o number_n thus_o o2_n c2_n of_o prolation_n wherefore_o prolation_n be_v the_o essential_a quantity_n of_o semibreefe_n or_o it_o be_v the_o set_n of_o two_o or_o three_o minim_n against_o one_o semibreefe_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a to_o wit_v the_o great_a which_o be_v a_o semibreefe_n measure_v by_o three_o minim_n or_o the_o comprehend_v of_o three_o minim_n in_o one_o semibreefe_n who_o sign_n be_v a_o point_n enclose_v in_o a_o sign_n thus_o the_o lesser_a prolation_n be_v a_o semibreefe_n measure_v with_o two_o minim_n only_o who_o sign_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o a_o prick_n for_o franchinus_n say_v they_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o imperfect_a of_o the_o figure_n when_o the_o sign_n be_v want_v thus_o time_n perfect_a imperf_n time_n great_a prol._n less_o prolation_n there_o be_v one_o well_o see_v in_o this_o art_n that_o make_v this_o underwritten_a example_n of_o these_o three_o degree_n reasonable_a learned_o and_o compendious_o for_o the_o help_n of_o young_a beginner_n which_o by_o his_o favour_n we_o will_v not_o think_v unworthy_a to_o set_v down_o here_o the_o tenor_n in_o the_o lesser_a mood_n perfect_a the_o descant_n in_o the_o great_a prolation_n the_o base_a in_o time_n perfect_a the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o sign_n though_o there_o be_v such_o dissension_n betwixt_o musician_n about_o the_o sign_n such_o confusion_n of_o rule_n and_o example_n that_o even_o to_o a_o perfect_a musician_n they_o seem_v to_o breed_v doubt_n so_o that_o plutarch_n a_o man_n furnish_v with_o all_o learning_n say_v in_o that_o book_n which_o he_o write_v of_o music_n in_o our_o time_n the_o form_n of_o difference_n have_v so_o much_o increase_v and_o so_o far_o vary_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n no_o precept_n no_o certainty_n of_o art_n leave_v and_o also_o though_o we_o be_v not_o to_o make_v a_o definitive_a sentence_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n but_o rather_o to_o hold_v question_n yet_o that_o young_a beginner_n which_o be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v this_o art_n may_v not_o be_v either_o discourage_v from_o proceed_v or_o mislead_v leave_v those_o thing_n which_o more_o unusual_a we_o will_v brief_o show_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o those_o musician_n who_o now_o be_v in_o credit_n by_o seek_v out_o that_o doubt_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o number_n which_o be_v among_o the_o theorick_n therefore_o a_o sign_n be_v a_o certain_a figure_n set_v before_o a_o song_n which_o show_v the_o mood_n time_n and_o prolation_n of_o the_o division_n of_o sign_n of_o sign_n some_o be_v principal_a and_o some_o less_o principal_a the_o principal_a be_v those_o which_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o mood_n time_n and_o prolation_n and_o they_o be_v twofold_a to_o wit_n extrinsecall_v and_o intrinsical_v extrinsecall_v be_v those_o call_v which_o do_v outward_o present_v themselves_o and_o show_v the_o degree_n of_o music_n as_o number_n a_o circle_n and_o a_o point_n rule_n for_o the_o extrinsecall_v sign_n first_o a_o circle_n set_v alone_o by_o itself_o show_v time_n if_o it_o be_v perfect_a it_o show_v perfect_a time_n if_o imperfect_a imperfect_a time_n when_o it_o be_v join_v to_o a_o number_n it_o signify_v the_o mood_n 2_o a_o circle_n accompany_v with_o the_o number_n of_o 3._o do_v represent_v the_o great_a mood_n but_o join_v with_o a_o number_n of_o 2._o the_o lesser_a 3_o wheresoever_o be_v the_o great_a mood_n there_o be_v the_o less_o but_o not_o contrary_o 4_o the_o number_n of_o three_o join_v to_o a_o circle_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o perfect_a time_n but_o the_o number_n of_o two_o of_o the_o imperfect_a 5_o a_o point_n enclose_v in_o a_o sign_n of_o time_n note_v the_o great_a prolation_n thus_o of_o sign_n some_o be_v o3_n of_o the_o great_a mood_n perfect_a of_o the_o perfect_a time_n c3_n imperfect_a o2_n of_o the_o lesser_a mood_n perfect_a the_o time_n imperfect_a c2_n imperfect_a the_o great_a prolation_n perfect_a time_n imperfect_a o_o time_n perfect_a in_o the_o lesser_a prolation_n c_o imperfect_a but_o when_o out_o of_o the_o mingle_n of_o three_o principal_a sign_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o number_n circle_n and_o point_n there_o be_v diverse_a sign_n make_v that_o you_o may_v the_o easy_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o and_o every_o figure_n may_v have_v his_o value_n i_o think_v good_a in_o this_o form_n follow_v to_o set_v down_o a_o table_n by_o which_o you_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n judge_n of_o the_o value_n of_o any_o figure_n though_o place_v in_o any_o sign_n a_o resolutorie_a table_n show_v the_o value_n of_o the_o sign_n by_o the_o behold_n of_o every_o figure_n of_o the_o intrinsical_a sign_n the_o intrinsical_v sign_n be_v those_o by_o which_o the_o perfection_n of_o musical_a degree_n in_o the_o figure_n be_v show_v without_o the_o adjoin_v of_o any_o of_o the_o extrinsecall_a sign_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o to_o wit_n 1_o the_o invention_n of_o a_o rest_n of_o three_o time_n for_o when_o in_o a_o song_n there_o be_v find_v a_o rest_n which_o touch_v three_o space_n it_o signify_v the_o less_o perfect_a mood_n if_o it_o touch_v two_o it_o show_v the_o great_a perfect_a for_o say_v franchinus_n it_o be_v not_o unfit_a that_o two_o rest_n of_o three_o time_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o great_a mood_n if_o one_o be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o lesser_a 2_o the_o black_n of_o the_o note_n for_o as_o oft_o as_o you_o find_v three_o long_v colour_v the_o lesser_a perfect_a mood_n be_v signify_v when_o three_o breefe_n the_o perfect_a time_n when_o three_o colour_a semibreefe_n the_o great_a prolation_n 3_o the_o double_n of_o certain_a rest_n for_o as_o oft_o as_o two_o semibreefe_a rest_n be_v place_v with_o a_o semibreefe_n the_o perfect_a time_n be_v signify_v so_o by_o two_o minim_n with_o a_o minime_fw-la note_n the_o great_a prolation_n thus_o the_o great_a mood_n the_o lesser_a mood_n time_n perfect_a the_o great_a prolation_n of_o the_o less_o principal_a sign_n the_o sign_n less_o principal_a be_v those_o which_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o mood_n time_n and_o prolation_n and_o these_o be_v diverse_a as_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o the_o quadrate_n follow_v repetition_n convenience_n concordance_n aspiration_n b_o moll_n dealbation_n cardinalis_fw-la the_o six_o chapter_n of_o tact._n wherefore_o tact_n be_v a_o successive_a motion_n in_o sing_v direct_v the_o equality_n of_o the_o measure_n or_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a motion_n make_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o chief_a singer_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mark_n which_o direct_v a_o song_n according_a to_o measure_n of_o the_o division_n of_o tact._n tact_n be_v threefold_a the_o great_a the_o lesser_a and_o the_o proportionate_a the_o great_a be_v a_o measure_n make_v by_o a_o slow_a and_o as_o it_o be_v reciprocal_a motion_n the_o writer_n call_v this_o tact_n the_o whole_a or_o total_a tact._n and_o because_o it_o be_v the_o true_a tact_n of_o all_o song_n it_o comprehend_v in_o his_o motion_n a_o semibreefe_n not_o diminish_v or_o a_o brief_a diminish_v in_o a_o duple_n the_o lesser_a tact_n be_v the_o half_a of_o the_o great_a which_o they_o call_v a_o semitact_n because_o it_o measure_v by_o it_o motion_n a_o semibreefe_n diminish_v in_o a_o duple_n this_o be_v allow_v of_o only_a by_o the_o unlearned_a the_o proportionate_a be_v that_o whereby_o three_o semibreefe_n be_v utter_v against_o one_o as_o in_o a_o triple_a or_o against_o two_o as_o in_o a_o sesquialtera_fw-la of_o this_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o chapter_n of_o proportion_n a_o rule_n for_o tact._n a_o semibreefe_n in_o all_o sign_n except_v the_o sign_n of_o diminution_n augmentation_n and_o proportion_n be_v measure_v by_o a_o whole_a tact_n as_o in_o the_o example_n follow_v appear_v the_o table_n of_o tact_n resolve_v the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o augmentation_n because_o in_o the_o chapter_n before_o go_v we_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o augmentation_n and_o diminution_n therefore_o lest_o we_o proceed_v from_o unknown_a thing_n we_o will_v show_v what_o each_o be_v therefore_o augmentation_n be_v the_o make_n of_o more_o note_n in_o a_o song_n or_o it_o be_v the_o excrement_n of_o some_o note_n for_o in_o it_o be_v put_v a_o minime_fw-la for_o a_o semibreefe_n a_o semibreefe_n for_o a_o brief_a a_o brief_a for_o a_o long._n by_o what_o sign_n
who_o by_o sing_v the_o praise_n of_o woman_n virtue_n may_v incite_v clytaemnestra_n to_o a_o chaste_a and_o honest_a life_n wherein_o he_o do_v so_o far_o prevail_v that_o they_o say_v she_o can_v not_o be_v overcome_v by_o aegisthus_n his_o unchaste_a attempt_n till_o the_o ungodly_a wretch_n have_v make_v away_o the_o musician_n who_o only_o hinder_v he_o from_o his_o wicked_a purpose_n beside_o lycurgus_n though_o otherwise_o he_o enact_v most_o severe_a law_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_n his_o countryman_n yet_o do_v he_o very_o much_o embrace_v music_n as_o quintilian_n write_v i_o omit_v those_o ancient_a philosopher_n for_o so_o they_o rather_o choose_v to_o be_v call_v than_o to_o be_v name_v wise_a man_n who_o do_v repose_v the_o sum_n of_o their_o study_n in_o this_o art_n as_o in_o a_o certain_a treasure-house_n i_o omit_v those_o prince_n who_o for_o the_o admirable_a sweetness_n of_o this_o art_n spend_v many_o talent_n last_o i_o omit_v the_o most_o religious_a of_o all_o man_n who_o though_o they_o estrange_v themselves_o from_o all_o worldly_a pleasure_n yet_o dwell_v upon_o this_o delight_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o only_a heavenly_a one_o since_o therefore_o this_o art_n be_v both_o holy_a and_o sweet_a and_o heavenly_a participate_v of_o a_o divine_a fair_a and_o bless_a nature_n i_o think_v good_a to_o dedicate_v this_o book_n wherein_o all_o the_o knot_n of_o practic_a music_n be_v untie_v to_o the_o gentle_a youth_n of_o your_o city_n after_o it_o have_v be_v first_o bring_v forth_o at_o rostoch_n that_o famous_a university_n of_o the_o baltic_a coast_n and_o since_o amend_v by_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o elder_n and_o public_o read_v in_o three_o famous_a university_n of_o germany_n the_o university_n of_o tubing_n heydelberg_n and_o maguntium_fw-la that_o by_o their_o desert_n the_o after_o age_n be_v help_v may_v pay_v the_o tribute_n of_o thanks_o not_o to_o i_o but_o to_o they_o as_o to_o the_o first_o move_v cause_n wherefore_o wise_a father_n i_o beseech_v your_o wisdom_n to_o deign_v this_o book_n your_o gentle_a favour_n and_o acceptance_n not_o contemn_v the_o base_a stile_n or_o little_a volume_n of_o that_o which_o be_v rather_o holy_a than_o pleasant_a and_o set_v out_o not_o upon_o any_o rash_a humour_n but_o upon_o a_o true_a devotion_n for_o it_o be_v write_v for_o they_o that_o fast_o not_o for_o they_o that_o be_v fill_v with_o delicacy_n though_o even_o they_o may_v find_v here_o that_o which_o will_v fit_v their_o stomach_n and_o since_o great_a thing_n fit_a great_a man_n small_a thing_n small_a man_n i_o acknowledge_v myself_o small_a and_o therefore_o give_v small_a gift_n yet_o promise_v great_a whensoever_o i_o shall_v grow_v great_a farewell_n most_o happy_a most_o worthy_a most_o wise_a the_o preface_n upon_o the_o division_n of_o the_o worke._n see_v it_o be_v fit_a as_o a_o emperor_n say_v to_o cast_v out_o a_o few_o fit_a thing_n then_o to_o be_v burden_v with_o many_o unnecessary_a superfluity_n which_o precept_n horace_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o say_v quicquid_fw-la precipy_n esto_fw-la brevis_fw-la ut_fw-la citò_fw-la dicta_fw-la per_fw-la cipiant_n animi_fw-la dolices_fw-la teneantque_fw-la fideles_fw-la what_o ere_o thou_o teach_v be_v short_a the_o learner_n brain_n brief_a saw_n will_n quick_a take_v and_o best_a retain_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v resolve_v to_o collect_v into_o certain_a most_o short_a rule_n the_o precept_n of_o active_a music_n if_o not_o all_o yet_o the_o especial_a out_o of_o diverse_a author_n for_o to_o know_v all_o thing_n and_o fail_v in_o nothing_o be_v a_o mark_n rather_o of_o divine_a then_o of_o humane_a nature_n now_o those_o who_o i_o herein_o follow_v as_o my_o leader_n and_o acknowledge_v as_o my_o special_a patron_n be_v these_o for_o theoricks_n boëtius_n romanus_n for_o practic_n guido_n aretinus_n plutarch_n cheronaeus_fw-la joannes_n pontifex_fw-la ro._n saint_n augustine_n saint_n bernard_n franchinus_n gafforus_n saint_n gregory_n valla_n placentinus_n berno_n the_o abbot_n faber_n stapulensis_n joannes_n tinctoris_fw-la wherefore_o omit_v all_o needless_a circumlocution_n and_o affect_v shortness_n the_o mother_n of_o truth_n we_o purpose_v to_o open_v all_o practic_n music_n in_o four_o book_n for_o of_o so_o many_o part_n it_o do_v consist_v the_o first_o whereof_o shall_v show_v the_o principle_n of_o plain_a song_n the_o next_o measurall_a song_n the_o three_o the_o accent_n the_o four_o and_o last_o the_o counterpoint_n as_o it_o be_v the_o governor_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o head_n of_o each_o book_n shall_v in_o their_o place_n be_v mention_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v the_o first_o book_n of_o ornithoparchus_n his_o music_n declare_v the_o principal_n of_o plain_a song_n the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o definition_n division_n profit_n and_o inventor_n of_o music_n be_v to_o deliver_v the_o art_n of_o sing_v than_o which_o in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v nothing_o sweet_a lest_o out_o of_o a_o small_a error_n a_o great_a may_v arise_v let_v we_o begin_v with_o the_o definition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v know_v that_o be_v with_o the_o easy_a thing_n first_o that_o so_o the_o art_n may_v be_v more_o fit_o deliver_v and_o then_o have_v unfold_v the_o nature_n thereof_o in_o general_a we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o particulars_n first_o make_v the_o general_a division_n and_o afterward_o handle_v each_o part_n several_o the_o general_a description_n of_o music_n mvsicke_n as_o franchinus_n gafforus_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o theory_n write_v be_v a_o knowledge_n of_o tuning_n which_o consist_v in_o sound_n and_o song_n in_o sound_n i_o say_v because_o of_o the_o music_n which_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n do_v make_v in_o song_n lest_o that_o melody_n which_o ourselves_o practice_v shall_v be_v seclude_v out_o of_o our_o definition_n the_o division_n of_o music_n boétius_fw-la to_o who_o among_o the_o latin_a writer_n of_o music_n the_o praise_n be_v to_o be_v give_v do_v show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o music_n that_o music_n be_v threefold_a the_o world_n music_n humane_a music_n and_o instrumental_a music_n of_o the_o music_n of_o the_o world_n when_o god_n who_o plutarch_n prove_v to_o have_v make_v all_o thing_n to_o a_o certain_a harmony_n have_v devise_v to_o make_v this_o world_n movable_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v govern_v it_o by_o some_o active_a and_o move_a power_n for_o no_o body_n but_o those_o which_o have_v a_o soul_n can_v move_v themselves_o as_o franchinus_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o theoric_n say_v now_o that_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v the_o swift_a of_o all_o other_o and_o most_o regular_a be_v not_o without_o sound_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o a_o sound_n be_v make_v of_o the_o very_a wheel_a of_o the_o orb_n as_o macrobius_n in_o somnium_fw-la scip._n lib._n 2._o write_v the_o like_a say_v boêtius_fw-la how_o can_v this_o quick-moving_a frame_n of_o the_o world_n whirl_v about_o with_o a_o dumb_a and_o silent_a motion_n from_o this_o turn_n of_o the_o heaven_n there_o can_v be_v remove_v a_o certain_a order_n of_o harmony_n and_o nature_n will_v say_v that_o prince_n of_o roman_a eloquence_n cicero_n in_o his_o six_o book_n de_fw-fr reipub._n that_o extremity_n must_v needs_o sound_v deep_a on_o the_o one_o side_n &_o sharp_a on_o the_o other_o so_o then_o the_o world_n music_n be_v a_o harmony_n cause_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sphere_n lodovicus_n coelius_n rodiginus_n lectionum_fw-la antiquarum_fw-la lib._n 5._o cap._n 25._o write_v that_o this_o harmony_n have_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o knit_n together_o of_o the_o element_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o time_n wherefore_o well_o say_v dorilaus_n the_o philosopher_n that_o the_o world_n be_v god_n organ_n now_o the_o cause_n we_o can_v hear_v this_o sound_n according_a to_o pliny_n be_v because_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sound_n do_v exceed_v the_o sense_n of_o our_o ear_n but_o whether_o we_o admit_v this_o harmonical_a sound_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o no_o it_o skill_v not_o much_o since_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o grand_a workmaister_n of_o this_o mundane_a fabric_n make_v all_o thing_n in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n wherein_o principal_o mundane_a music_n do_v consist_v of_o humane_a music_n hvmane_a music_n be_v the_o concordance_n of_o diverse_a element_n in_o one_o compound_n by_o which_o the_o spiritual_a nature_n be_v join_v with_o the_o body_n and_o the_o reasonable_a part_n be_v couple_v in_o concord_n with_o the_o unreasonable_a which_o proceed_v from_o the_o unite_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n for_o that_o amity_n by_o which_o the_o body_n be_v join_v unto_o
lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr rep._n much_o reprehend_v the_o lydian_a both_o because_o it_o be_v mournful_a and_o also_o because_o it_o be_v womanish_a but_o he_o allow_v of_o the_o dorian_n both_o because_o it_o be_v manly_a &_o also_o do_v delight_n valiant_a man_n &_o be_v a_o discoverer_n of_o warlike_a matter_n but_o our_o man_n of_o a_o more_o refine_a time_n do_v use_v sometime_o the_o dorian_n sometime_o the_o phrygian_a sometime_o the_o lydian_a sometime_o other_o mood_n because_o they_o judge_v that_o according_a to_o diverse_a occasion_n they_o be_v to_o choose_v diverse_a mood_n and_o that_o not_o without_o cause_n for_o every_o habit_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v govern_v by_o song_n as_o macrob._n write_v for_o song_n make_v man_n sleepy_a and_o wakeful_a careful_a &_o merry_a angry_a &_o merciful_a song_n do_v heal_v disease_n &_o produce_v diverse_a wonderful_a effect_n as_o say_v fran._n petrac_n move_v some_o to_o vain_a mirth_n some_o to_o a_o devout_a &_o holy_a joy_n yea_o ofttimes_o to_o godly_a tear_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v rather_o be_v silent_a than_o to_o determine_v any_o thing_n rash_o lest_o i_o do_v burden_n the_o wit_n of_o child_n with_o unprofitable_a &_o unnecessary_a precept_n because_o who_o so_o in_o expound_v any_o thing_n do_v pour_v on_o more_o than_o be_v needful_a increase_v the_o darkness_n and_o make_v not_o the_o mist_n thin_a as_o macrobius_n say_v in_o the_o second_o book_n upon_o the_o dream_n of_o scipio_n therefore_o let_v learner_n study_v those_o few_o precept_n because_o they_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v here_o end_v the_o first_o book_n to_o the_o worthy_a his_o kind_a friend_n george_n brachius_n a_o most_o skilful_a musician_n and_o chief_a doctor_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o wittenberg_n his_o chapel_n andraeas_n ornithoparchus_n of_o meyning_n wish_v health_n when_o i_o have_v thorough_o ruminate_v of_o that_o say_n of_o plato_n that_o we_o be_v not_o make_v for_o 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that_o i_o have_v live_v now_o my_o mind_n be_v turn_v hither_o and_o thither_o in_o the_o end_n i_o choose_v the_o learning_n of_o harmony_n both_o because_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o moral_a education_n and_o also_o because_o it_o be_v the_o servant_n of_o god_n praise_n for_o among_o all_o scholarlike_a art_n which_o they_o common_o call_v liberal_a none_o be_v more_o moral_a more_o pleasant_a more_o divine_a than_o music_n whereof_o although_o there_o be_v many_o professor_n yet_o be_v there_o very_a few_o writer_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o hatred_n to_o the_o art_n or_o their_o own_o slothfulness_n that_o have_v deliver_v the_o art_n in_o a_o good_a form_n hence_o be_v it_o that_o except_v those_o which_o be_v or_o have_v be_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o prince_n there_o be_v none_o or_o very_o very_a few_o true_a musician_n whereupon_o the_o art_n itself_o do_v grow_v into_o contempt_n be_v hide_v like_o a_o candle_n under_o a_o bushel_n the_o praise_v of_o the_o 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and_o detect_v it_o from_o the_o bark_n of_o those_o who_o do_v common_o defame_v all_o good_a man_n for_o have_v a_o fit_a judge_n of_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o write_v i_o do_v fit_o submit_v myself_o to_o his_o censure_n even_o his_o who_o already_o both_o my_o own_o experience_n have_v find_v and_o all_o suevia_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o all_o high_a germany_n do_v honour_n for_o a_o godly_a upright_o and_o learned_a man_n farewell_o most_o learned_a friend_n and_o defend_v thy_o andraeas_n from_o the_o tooth_n of_o envy_n the_o second_o book_n of_o ornithoparchus_n his_o music_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o rudiment_n of_o mensurall_a song_n the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o profit_n and_o praise_n of_o this_o art_n boêtius_fw-la that_o roman_a who_o wit_n in_o music_n no_o man_n ever_o mend_v nay_o never_o attain_v to_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o music_n write_v that_o there_o be_v such_o efficacy_n in_o harmonical_a consent_n as_o a_o man_n though_o he_o 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middle_a ligature_n first_o every_o note_n betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o be_v call_v middle_a 2_o every_o middle_a note_n howsoever_o shape_v or_o place_v be_v a_o brief_a 3_o a_o long_o may_v begin_v and_o end_v a_o ligature_n but_o can_v never_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o 4_o a_o brief_a may_v be_v in_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_n of_o a_o ligature_n very_o fit_o 5_o a_o semibreefe_n may_v be_v in_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_n of_o a_o ligature_n so_o that_o it_o have_v a_o tail_n in_o the_o left_a part_n upward_o rule_n for_o the_o final_a ligature_n first_o every_o last_o note_n that_o be_v straight_o and_o descend_v be_v a_o long._n 2_o every_o final_a note_n that_o be_v straight_o and_o ascend_v be_v a_o brief_a 3_o every_o crooked_a final_a whether_o it_o ascend_v or_o descend_v be_v a_o brief_a 4_o a_o large_a wheresoever_o it_o be_v set_v be_v always_o a_o large_a the_o example_n of_o these_o rule_n be_v in_o the_o follow_a tenor_n 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perfect_a because_o we_o make_v 3._o perfect_a and_o limit_v the_o imperfect_a by_o 2._o three_o imperfect_a of_o the_o division_n of_o mood_n mood_n as_o it_o be_v here_o take_v be_v twofold_a to_o wit_n the_o great_a which_o be_v in_o the_o largs_n and_o long_v and_o the_o lesser_a which_o be_v in_o the_o long_v and_o breefe_n and_o each_o of_o these_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a of_o the_o great_a mood_n the_o great_a perfect_a mood_n be_v when_o a_o larg_n contain_v in_o it_o three_o long_v or_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o three_o long_v in_o one_o larg_n the_o sign_n hereof_o be_v a_o perfect_a circle_n accompany_v with_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thus_o o3_n the_o great_a imperfect_a be_v a_o larg_n comprehend_v in_o it_o two_o long_v which_o be_v know_v by_o a_o imperfect_a circle_n join_v to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thus_o c3_n of_o the_o lesser_a mood_n the_o lesser_a perfect_a mood_n be_v a_o long_o have_v in_o it_o three_o breefe_n or_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o three_o breefe_n in_o one_o long_a who_o sign_n be_v a_o perfect_a circle_n accompany_v with_o the_o number_n of_o 2_o thus_o o2_n but_o the_o lesser_a imperfect_a be_v a_o long_o which_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v only_o with_o two_o breefe_n the_o sign_n of_o this_o be_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o 2._o or_o a_o semicircle_n join_v to_o a_o number_n of_o 2._o thus_o c2_n o._n c._n as_o follow_v of_o time_n time_n be_v a_o brief_a which_o contain_v in_o it_o two_o or_o three_o semibreefe_n or_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o two_o or_o three_o semibreefe_n in_o one_o brief_a and_o it_o be_v twofold_a to_o wit_n perfect_a and_o this_o be_v a_o brief_a measure_v with_o three_o semibreefe_n who_o
say_v that_o this_o c._n be_v the_o duple_n of_o this_o and_o this_o of_o and_o in_o rest_n that_o this_o be_v the_o duple_n of_o this_o i_o think_v only_o upon_o this_o reason_n that_o franchinus_n pract_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 4._o faith_n that_o the_o right_a side_n be_v great_a and_o perfect_a than_o the_o left_a and_o the_o leave_v weak_a than_o the_o right_n against_o which_o opinion_n neither_o myself_o be_o for_o in_o valerius_n probus_n a_o most_o learned_a grammarian_n in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o roman_a letter_n say_v that_o the_o letter_n c._n which_o have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o semicircle_n signify_v caius_n the_o man_n and_o be_v turn_v signify_v caia_n the_o woman_n and_o fabius_n quintilianus_n in_o approve_v of_o probus_n his_o opinion_n say_v for_o caius_n be_v show_v by_o the_o letter_n c._n which_o be_v turn_v signify_v a_o woman_n and_o be_v that_o man_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o woman_n the_o perfection_n of_o the_o one_o be_v declare_v by_o turn_v the_o semicircle_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n &_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o other_o by_o turn_v it_o to_o the_o left_a by_o this_o occasion_n the_o musician_n think_v fit_a to_o take_v away_o the_o half_a left_a side_n from_o the_o right_n thus_o rule_n of_o proportion_n first_o every_o proportion_n be_v either_o take_v away_o by_o the_o come_n of_o his_o contrary_a proportion_n or_o be_v break_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o sign_n as_o by_o the_o come_n of_o a_o subduple_n a_o dupla_fw-la be_v take_v away_o and_o so_o of_o other_o 2_o every_o proportion_n respect_v both_o rest_n and_o note_n 3_o every_o proportion_n of_o the_o great_a inequality_n do_v diminish_v the_o note_n and_o rest_n with_o his_o natural_a power_n but_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o less_o inequality_n do_v increase_v they_o 4_o alteration_n and_o imperfection_n be_v only_o in_o those_o proportion_n which_o be_v in_o perfect_a degree_n neither_o be_v they_o in_o all_o figure_n but_o in_o those_o only_a which_o those_o degree_n do_v respect_n with_o their_o perfection_n or_o to_o which_o these_o accident_n beside_o the_o proportion_n do_v belong_v 5_o the_o sesquialtera_fw-la proportion_n do_v exclude_v the_o ternarie_a perfection_n of_o figure_n unless_o they_o have_v it_o from_o a_o sign_n wherefore_o when_o the_o sign_n deny_v it_o they_o receive_v neither_o alteration_n nor_o imperfection_n of_o the_o triple_a the_o triple_a proportion_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o the_o multiplex_n be_v when_o the_o great_a number_n be_v in_o relation_n with_o the_o less_o do_v comprehend_v it_o in_o itself_o 3._o time_n as_o 6._o to_o 2_o 9_o to_o 3._o but_o musical_o when_o three_o note_n be_v utter_v against_o one_o such_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o it_o in_o kind_n the_o sign_n of_o this_o be_v the_o number_n of_o three_o set_v over_o a_o unity_n thus_o tenor_n triplae_n bassus_n triplae_n of_o the_o quadrupla_fw-la the_o quadrupla_fw-la be_v the_o three_o kind_n of_o the_o multiplex_n and_o be_v when_o a_o great_a number_n do_v comprehend_v a_o less_o in_o itself_o four_o time_n as_o 8._o to_o 2_o 12_o to_o 3._o but_o musical_o when_o 4._o note_n be_v sound_v to_o one_o the_o sign_n of_o it_o be_v these_o as_o thus_o tenor_n quadrupla_fw-la bassus_n quadruplae_fw-la of_o the_o sesquialtera_fw-la the_o sesquialtera_fw-la be_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o the_o super_n particular_a and_o be_v when_o a_o great_a number_n do_v comprehend_v a_o less_o once_o and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o it_o as_o 6._o to_o 4_o 9_o to_o 6._o but_o musical_o when_o three_o note_n be_v sound_v against_o two_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o as_o in_o the_o example_n follow_v sign_n of_o it_o be_v these_o tenor_n sesquialterae_fw-la bassus_n sesquialterae_fw-la there_o be_v which_o add_v the_o colour_n to_o the_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v sesquialterate_a by_o the_o character_n of_o the_o number_n and_o contrary_o sesquialterate_v the_o sesquialteraes_fw-la and_o these_o man_n as_o franchinus_n witness_v have_v this_o fault_n that_o they_o make_v of_o two_o sesquialteraes_fw-la not_o a_o duple_n sesquialtera_fw-la as_o they_o think_v but_o a_o duple_n sesquiquarta_fw-la some_o put_v imperfection_n &_o alteration_n in_o the_o sesquialterate_v of_o the_o imperfect_a time_n mesure_v a_o brief_a rest_n with_o one_o tact_n although_o in_o the_o note_n they_o set_v 3_o semibreefe_n in_o one_o tact._n but_o upon_o what_o ground_n they_o do_v it_o except_v of_o a_o assheaded_n ignorance_n i_o know_v none_o for_o imperfection_n admit_v not_o the_o imperfection_n and_o alteration_n of_o sign_n neither_o do_v proportion_n exclude_v rest_n of_o the_o sesquitertia_fw-la the_o sesquitertia_fw-la proportion_n which_o they_o call_v epitrite_n because_o it_o be_v make_v by_o a_o epitrite_n macr._n say_v it_o be_v when_o the_o great_a number_n of_o note_n do_v contain_v the_o lesser_a in_o itself_o &_o beside_o his_o three_o part_n as_o 4._o to_o 3_o 8_o to_o 6_o 12._o to_o 9_o but_o musical_o 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diapente_fw-la emmeles_a be_v they_o which_o be_v not_o consones_o yet_o be_v next_o to_o consones_n as_o those_o which_o sound_a three_o sixt_n or_o other_o imperfect_a concord_n discord_n be_v they_o who_o sound_v mingle_v together_o do_v strike_v the_o sense_n unplease_o what_o concord_n be_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v appear_v that_o consonance_n which_o otherwise_o we_o call_v concordance_n be_v the_o agree_v of_o two_o unlike_a voice_n place_v together_o or_o be_v as_o tinctor_n write_v the_o mixture_n of_o diverse_a sound_n sweet_o please_v the_o ear_n or_o according_a to_o stapulensis_n lib._n 3._o it_o be_v the_o mixture_n of_o a_o high_a and_o low_a sound_n come_v to_o the_o ear_n sweet_o and_o uniform_o of_o which_o among_o the_o practicke_n there_o be_v two_o use_v although_o some_o by_o repeat_v the_o former_a have_v more_o viz._n unison_n 8_o 15_o
vnisonum_fw-la &_o eundem_fw-la causant_fw-la sonum_fw-la quia_fw-la fiunt_fw-la in_o octavis_fw-la three_o 10_o 17_o five_o 12_o 19_o six_o 13_o 20_o of_o discord_n a_o discord_n as_o say_v boêtius_fw-la be_v the_o hard_a and_o rough_a thwart_v of_o two_o sound_n not_o mingle_v with_o themselves_o or_o as_o tinctor_n say_v it_o be_v the_o mixture_n of_o diverse_a sound_n natural_o offend_v the_o ear_n whereof_o there_o be_v nine_o viz._n second_o 9_o 16_o vnum_fw-la &_o eundem_fw-la causant_fw-la sonum_fw-la quia_fw-la fiunt_fw-la in_o octavis_fw-la four_o 11_o 18_o seven_o 14_o 21_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o division_n of_o concord_n of_o concordance_n some_o be_v simple_a or_o primarie_a as_o a_o unison_n a_o three_o a_o five_o and_o a_o six_o other_o be_v repeat_v or_o secundary_a which_o be_v also_o aequison_n to_o they_o that_o go_v before_o proceed_v of_o a_o duple_n dimension_n for_o a_o eight_o do_v agree_v in_o sound_n with_o a_o unison_n a_o ten_o with_o a_o three_o 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they_o all_o be_v discord_n except_o the_o ten_o 3_o in_o perfect_a concordance_n never_o set_v a_o sharp_a voice_n against_o a_o flat_a nor_o contrary_o but_o set_v a_o sharp_a against_o a_o sharp_a a_o flat_a against_o a_o flat_a or_o at_o least_o against_o a_o natural_a for_o the_o natural_n be_v doubtful_a and_o will_v agree_v with_o â™®_o dure_v and_o b_o moll_n thus_o tenor._n base_a not_o good_a base_a be_v good_a 4_o if_o the_o tenor_n in_o the_o plain_a song_n go_v too_o deep_a transpose_v it_o to_o a_o five_o or_o to_o a_o four_o if_o need_v be_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o hymn_n quem_fw-la terra_fw-la 5_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o song_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n make_v of_o perfect_a cord_n which_o rule_n with_o we_o be_v arbitrarie_a 6_o when_o one_o voice_n go_v upward_o or_o downward_o you_o need_v not_o vary_v the_o rest_n because_o to_o a_o immovable_a voice_n many_o movable_a voice_n may_v be_v fit_v 7_o in_o every_o 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the_o close_a of_o the_o mean_a or_o if_o the_o base_a take_v the_o close_a of_o the_o mean_a the_o tenor_n shall_v take_v his_o close_a as_o in_o the_o rule_n go_v before_o be_v show_v thus_o tenor._n base_a 14_o the_o mean_a do_v seldom_o take_v a_o five_o above_o the_o tenor_n but_o the_o imfect_a concordance_n oft_o time_n 15_o the_o base_a must_v seldom_o or_o never_o be_v place_v in_o a_o six_o under_o the_o tenor_n unless_o a_o eight_o straight_o follow_v but_o in_o the_o perfect_a concord_n it_o may_v often_o 16_o if_o the_o base_a have_v a_o five_o under_o the_o tenor_n let_v the_o mean_a be_v set_v in_o a_o five_o above_o the_o tenor_n by_o end_v in_o a_o three_o thus_o discantus_n tenor._fw-la bassus_n 17_o let_v the_o mean_a seldom_o leap_v by_o a_o five_o upward_o but_o by_o a_o six_o and_o a_o eight_o it_o may_v oft_o to_o which_o also_o a_o eight_o downward_o be_v forbid_v though_o all_o the_o other_o interual_n be_v grant_v 18_o a_o base_a may_v not_o leap_v a_o six_o it_o have_v all_o the_o other_o mood_n common_a 19_o in_o fourth_n â—i_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o fa_n because_o it_o make_v a_o tritone_n 20_o a_o four_o though_o be_v simple_o take_v it_o be_v a_o discord_n yet_o be_v join_v to_o a_o concord_n and_o mingle_v therewith_o it_o make_v a_o concordant_a middling_a with_o the_o extreme_n say_v franchinus_n 21_o a_o four_o be_v admit_v only_o in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o counterpoint_n first_o when_o be_v shut_v betwixt_o two_o eight_o it_o have_v a_o five_o below_n because_o if_o the_o five_o be_v above_o the_o concord_n be_v of_o no_o force_n by_o that_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n who_o plato_n call_v anagnostes_n that_o be_v a_o unwearied_a reader_n of_o book_n whereby_o in_o his_o problem_n he_o show_v that_o the_o deep_a discordant_a sound_n be_v more_o perceive_v than_o the_o high_a second_o when_o the_o tenor_n and_o mean_a do_v go_v by_o one_o or_o more_o sixt_n than_o that_o voice_n which_o be_v middling_a shall_v always_o keep_v a_o four_o under_o the_o cantus_fw-la and_o a_o three_o above_o the_o tenor._n the_o high_a voice_n the_o middle_n voice_n the_o low_a voice_n 21_o the_o most_o famous_a manner_n of_o the_o counterpoint_n as_o say_v franchinus_n be_v if_o the_o base_a go_v together_o with_o the_o mean_a or_o any_o other_o voice_n be_v also_o distant_a by_o a_o ten_o whilst_o the_o tenor_n do_v go_v in_o concord_n to_o both_o thus_o tenor_n huius_fw-la the_o treble_a out_o of_o the_o base_a in_o the_o ten_o 23_o if_o you_o join_v not_o the_o same_o concord_n you_o shall_v make_v two_o part_n concord_n in_o ten_o neither_o must_n young_a learner_n think_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o no_o weight_n how_o
the_o tenor_n for_o below_o it_o can_v the_o altus_fw-la shall_v be_v in_o a_o three_o above_o or_o a_o eight_o below_o but_o if_o the_o base_a fall_n to_o a_o eight_o below_o the_o altus_fw-la may_v be_v in_o a_o four_o below_o or_o in_o a_o three_o or_o five_o above_o 7_o when_o the_o discantus_n be_v in_o a_o twelve_o above_o the_o tenor_n the_o base_a must_v be_v in_o a_o eight_o below_o &_o the_o altus_fw-la in_o a_o three_o five_o or_o eight_o above_o but_o when_o the_o base_a be_v in_o a_o three_o above_o the_o altus_fw-la shall_v be_v in_o a_o five_o eight_o or_o ten_o concordant_o 8_o if_o the_o discantus_n be_v in_o a_o four_o above_o the_o tenor_n the_o base_a require_v a_o a_o five_o below_n &_o the_o altus_fw-la a_o three_o or_o six_o above_o contrary_o if_o you_o make_v your_o base_a first_o you_o shall_v make_v it_o with_o the_o discantus_n but_o if_o a_o man_n will_v make_v more_o than_o 4._o part_n let_v he_o take_v the_o concord_n above_n or_o below_o as_o other_o part_n shall_v require_v observe_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o refer_v to_o the_o setter_n judgement_n the_o seven_o chapter_n wherefore_o rest_n be_v put_v in_o the_o counterpoint_n the_o place_n of_o rest_n in_o a_o counterpoint_n be_v for_o many_o cause_n tolerate_v 1_o to_o avoid_v difficulty_n for_o whilst_o two_o part_n of_o a_o song_n or_o more_o be_v so_o fit_v together_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o fit_v the_o other_o part_n we_o set_v rest_v for_o so_o long_o till_o that_o difficulty_n cease_v 2_o to_o avoid_v fict_a voice_n and_o the_o forbid_a interual_n 3_o to_o distinguish_v two_o perfect_a concord_n which_o can_v mutual_o follow_v one_o another_o unless_o a_o note_n or_o pause_v come_v betwixt_o 4_o for_o the_o make_n of_o sign_n now_o a_o sign_n be_v the_o successive_a distribution_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o close_a in_o the_o beginning_n or_o any_o other_o place_n by_o diverse_a part_n of_o a_o song_n or_o it_o be_v the_o 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