the_o art_n of_o speak_v write_v in_o french_a by_o messieurs_fw-fr du_fw-mi port_n royal_a in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o former_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o art_n of_o think_v render_v into_o english_a london_n print_v by_o w._n godbid_v and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o m._n pitt_n at_o the_o angel_n against_o the_o little_a north_n door_n of_o st._n paul_n church_n 1676._o the_o preface_n our_o common_a idea_n of_o rhetoric_n be_v this_o that_o to_o speak_v eloquent_o it_o suffice_v to_o cram_v our_o memory_n with_o such_o precept_n as_o be_v prescribe_v by_o it_o in_o this_o opinion_n several_a people_n read_v with_o great_a eagerness_n those_o book_n which_o be_v write_v of_o that_o subject_a but_o after_o all_o their_o pain_n and_o assiduity_n find_v their_o improvement_n but_o small_a and_o themselves_o little_o more_o eloquent_a than_o before_o they_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o author_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o art_n according_a to_o his_o 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thou_o not_o sufficient_o know_v the_o perjure_a race_n of_o false_a laomedon_n shall_v i_o alone_o with_o churlish_a seaman_n sail_v or_o try_v if_o by_o my_o power_n i_o may_v prevail_v and_o those_o who_o scarce_o i_o can_v persuade_v from_o eyre_n to_o venture_v to_o the_o sea_n again_o desire_n no_o wretch_n as_o thou_o have_v well_o deserve_v die_v and_o with_o a_o sword_n conclude_v thy_o misery_n epanorthosis_fw-la a_o man_n in_o his_o passion_n be_v never_o satisfy_v with_o what_o he_o either_o say_v or_o do_v the_o heat_n of_o his_o indignation_n carry_v he_o still_o far_o in_o so_o much_o that_o his_o word_n be_v in_o his_o own_o thought_n still_o short_a of_o what_o he_o will_v say_v he_o think_v his_o first_o expression_n too_o weak_a and_o by_o add_v fresh_a and_o more_o strong_a endeavour_n to_o correct_v they_o nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la diva_n parens_fw-la generis_fw-la nec_fw-la dardanus_n auctor_fw-la perfide_fw-la sed_fw-la duris_fw-la genuit_fw-la te_fw-la cautibus_fw-la 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assistance_n of_o divine_a grace_n in_o repeat_v the_o same_o word_n there_o be_v way_n of_o dispose_v they_o with_o such_o art_n that_o answer_v one_o another_o they_o make_v a_o excellent_a cadence_n and_o be_v very_o please_v to_o the_o ear._n these_o be_v call_v harmonious_a repetition_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v far_o in_o my_o follow_a book_n pleonasmus_fw-la a_o pleonasm_n be_v when_o we_o use_v more_o word_n than_o be_v necessary_a as_o when_o i_o say_v i_o hear_v such_o a_o thing_n with_o my_o ear_n the_o word_n be_v greek_a and_o signify_v the_o same_o with_o redundantia_fw-la in_o latin_n synonymia_fw-la a_o synonomie_n be_v when_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v express_v by_o several_a word_n that_o have_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o this_o happen_v when_o the_o mouth_n be_v too_o narrow_a for_o the_o heart_n we_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o word_n we_o can_v remember_v to_o express_v our_o thought_n as_o abiit_fw-la evasit_fw-la erupit_fw-la he_o go_v away_o he_o escape_v he_o flee_v hypotyposis_n the_o object_n of_o our_o passion_n be_v almost_o always_o present_a to_o our_o mind_n we_o fancy_v we_o see_v and_o hear_v those_o continual_o who_o have_v make_v any_o strong_a impression_n upon_o our_o mind_n illu_z absens_fw-la absentem_fw-la auditque_fw-la videtque_fw-la for_o which_o reason_n all_o description_n of_o these_o object_n be_v lively_a and_o exact_a they_o be_v call_v hypotypose_n because_o they_o figure_v the_o thing_n and_o form_v a_o image_n of_o they_o that_o represent_v the_o thing_n themselves_o the_o word_n be_v a_o greek_a word_n and_o signify_v to_o represent_v or_o delineate_v distribution_n distribution_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o hypotyposis_n use_v when_o we_o enumerate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n of_o our_o passion_n david_n supply_v we_o with_o a_o example_n when_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o indignation_n against_o sinner_n he_o give_v a_o description_n of_o their_o iniquity_n their_o throat_n be_v a_o open_a sepulchre_n they_o flatter_v with_o their_o tongue_n the_o poison_n of_o asp_n be_v under_o their_o lip_n their_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o curse_v and_o lie_v and_o their_o foot_n be_v swift_a to_o shed_v blood_n antithesis_fw-la antithesis_n comparison_n and_o similitude_n which_o be_v figure_n proper_a to_o represent_v thing_n with_o clearness_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o strong_a impression_n make_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o passion_n that_o animate_v we_o of_o which_o by_o consequence_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o discourse_v clear_o and_o exact_o have_v it_o as_o it_o be_v present_a before_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n contraria_fw-la juxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la elucescunt_fw-la and_o white_a place_v by_o black_a be_v the_o more_o illustrious_a we_o have_v a_o example_n of_o a_o antithesis_fw-la in_o prosper_n where_o speak_v of_o those_o who_o act_n without_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n he_o say_v leur_fw-fr ame_fw-fr 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against_o he_o shall_v
it_o be_v that_o abstract_a expression_n be_v enigma_n to_o most_o people_n and_o those_o only_o please_v which_o be_v sensible_a and_o do_v form_n in_o the_o imagination_n the_o picture_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v poet_n who_o great_a end_n be_v to_o please_v do_v use_v only_o these_o latter_a expression_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o metaphor_n which_o as_o we_o say_v before_o make_v every_o thing_n so_o plain_a be_v so_o frequent_a in_o their_o style_n this_o desire_n of_o strike_v effectual_o upon_o the_o sense_n and_o make_v themselves_o easy_o understand_v have_v prompt_v the_o poet_n to_o make_v use_n of_o so_o many_o fiction_n and_o endue_v every_o thing_n they_o mention_v with_o body_n soul_n and_o shape_n a_o vapour_n rend_v the_o cloud_n and_o make_v the_o crack_n the_o fright_a world_n at_o arm_a jove_n do_v quake_v it_o be_v terrible_a to_o see_v tear_v sail_n break_v mast_n thetis_n face_n grow_v rough_a with_o aeolus_n 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serpent_n her_o light_a torch_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o beget_v a_o tremble_a and_o horror_n in_o the_o divine_a poem_n and_o in_o those_o which_o be_v sing_v before_o the_o sanctuary_n the_o prophet_n make_v use_v of_o such_o way_n of_o speak_v to_o make_v themselves_o intelligible_a to_o the_o people_n david_n make_v we_o conceive_v how_o god_n have_v succour_v and_o protect_v he_o against_o his_o enemy_n in_o as_o lively_a and_o emphatical_a a_o style_n as_o any_o of_o the_o profane_a poet_n can_v have_v do_v he_o represent_v god_n almighty_a come_v down_o in_o the_o cloud_n to_o fight_v in_o his_o defence_n i_o look_v not_o long_o ere_o the_o earth_n begin_v to_o shake_v the_o rock_n to_o tremble_v and_o the_o hill_n to_o quake_v and_o to_o attest_v the_o presence_n of_o its_o god_n who_o to_o the_o judgement_n on_o a_o cherub_n ride_v the_o world_n its_o fix_a foundation_n do_v forsake_v out_o from_o his_o nostril_n a_o thick_a smoke_n do_v go_v and_o from_o his_o mouth_n devour_v fire_n which_o more_o impetuous_a as_o it_o large_a do_v grow_v and_o make_v the_o heaven_n almost_o with_o heat_n expire_v he_o bow_v the_o heaven_n and_o then_o come_v down_o under_o his_o foot_n chain_v darkness_n lay_v and_o tempest_n that_o no_o will_n but_o this_o will_v own_v in_o haste_n fly_v on_o before_o to_o make_v he_o way_n he_o follow_v close_o and_o their_o slow_a pace_n do_v chide_v bid_v they_o with_o great_a speed_n and_o swiftness_n ride_v and_o that_o he_o dreadful_a may_v appear_v yet_o not_o consume_v till_o get_v more_o near_o dark_a water_n and_o thick_a cloud_n his_o face_n do_v hide_v poesy_n awaken_v prose_n lull_v and_o dispose_v to_o sleep_v the_o narrative_n of_o a_o poet_n be_v interrupt_v with_o exclamation_n apostrophe_n digression_n and_o thousand_o of_o other_o figure_n to_o allure_v attention_n poet_n regard_v thing_n only_o in_o place_n where_o they_o be_v most_o capable_a of_o charm_v and_o mind_n nothing_o of_o they_o but_o their_o 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proceed_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o the_o good_a complexion_n that_o be_v from_o the_o justness_n and_o exactness_n of_o a_o discourse_n the_o same_o thing_n admit_v of_o several_a name_n according_a to_o the_o several_a face_n by_o which_o it_o be_v represent_v when_o beauty_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o it_o be_v the_o flower_n of_o health_n but_o when_o it_o be_v consider_v with_o reference_n to_o those_o who_o do_v judge_n of_o that_o beauty_n we_o may_v then_o say_v that_o true_a beauty_n be_v that_o which_o please_v ingenious_a man_n who_o be_v they_o that_o judge_v of_o thing_n most_o reasonable_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o determine_v what_o it_o be_v that_o please_v and_o in_o what_o consist_v that_o je_fw-fr ne_fw-fr scay_fw-fr quoy_fw-fr of_o delight_n that_o we_o feel_v in_o the_o read_n a_o good_a author_n nevertheless_o upon_o reflection_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o pleasure_n we_o conceive_v in_o a_o well-composed_a discourse_n proceed_v only_o from_o 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the_o whole_a house_n
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be_v serious_a and_o regular_a luxury_n be_v introduce_v during_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o government_n in_o language_n as_o well_o as_o habit_n in_o book_n as_o well_o as_o building_n chap._n ii_o i._o the_o matter_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v aught_o to_o determine_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o our_o sâ—yle_n the_o matter_n be_v to_o direct_v in_o the_o election_n of_o our_o style_n noble_a expression_n that_o render_v a_o style_n magnificent_a great_a word_n that_o fill_v up_o the_o mouth_n represent_v thing_n great_a and_o argue_v strength_n of_o judgement_n in_o the_o person_n who_o speak_v in_o so_o sublime_a a_o way_n but_o if_o the_o matter_n itself_o be_v unworthy_a if_o it_o be_v great_a only_o in_o the_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n his_o magnificence_n turn_v to_o his_o prejudice_n and_o show_v the_o weakness_n of_o his_o judgement_n in_o put_v a_o value_n upon_o that_o be_v only_o worthy_a of_o contempt_n figure_n and_o trope_n unknown_a to_o the_o natural_a order_n of_o discourse_n discover_v likewise_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o that_o these_o figure_n may_v be_v just_a the_o passion_n of_o which_o they_o be_v the_o character_n aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a there_o be_v nothing_o come_v near_a folly_n than_o to_o be_v transport_v without_o cause_n to_o put_v one_o self_n into_o a_o heat_n for_o a_o thing_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v argue_v cool_o each_o motion_n have_v its_o figure_n figure_n may_v enrich_v and_o embellish_v a_o style_n but_o unless_o the_o motion_n that_o cause_v they_o be_v laudable_a the_o figure_n can_v be_v worthy_a of_o commendation_n i_o say_v then_o it_o be_v the_o matter_n that_o regulate_v the_o style_n when_o thing_n be_v great_a and_o can_v be_v consider_v without_o great_a emotion_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o style_n which_o describe_v they_o be_v sprightly_a full_a of_o motion_n and_o enrich_v with_o figure_n and_o trope_n and_o metaphor_n if_o in_o the_o subject_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a if_o we_o can_v consider_v it_o without_o passion_n the_o style_n be_v to_o be_v plain_a the_o art_n of_o speak_v have_v no_o peculiar_a matter_n every_o thing_n subject_a to_o our_o thought_n be_v matter_n for_o discourse_n there_o be_v infinite_a diversity_n of_o styles_n as_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o may_v speak_v be_v infinite_a yet_o the_o master_n of_o that_o art_n have_v reduce_v the_o peculiar_a matter_n for_o write_v under_o three_o kind_n sublime_a mean_a or_o indifferent_a there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o styles_n answerable_a to_o these_o three_o kind_n of_o matter_n the_o lofty_a the_o plain_a and_o the_o moderate_a sometime_o these_o style_n be_v call_v character_n because_o they_o denote_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o discourse_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n huddle_n together_o the_o rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o each_o of_o these_o three_o character_n when_o a_o work_n be_v undertake_v we_o always_o propose_v a_o general_a idea_n for_o example_n when_o a_o