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velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o 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accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v 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conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o 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horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
consul_n be_v to_o storm_n a_o wedg_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o phalange_n condense_v only_o small_a at_o the_o point_n than_o at_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o dimension_n and_o he_o may_v have_v call_v it_o a_o testudâ—_fw-la or_o tortoise_n if_o he_o have_v please_v for_o they_o stand_v all_o cover_v with_o their_o shield_n and_o great_a target_n which_o represent_v the_o tortoise_n cover_v with_o its_o shell_n give_v that_o figure_n of_o battle_n its_o denomination_n the_o globe-battel_n be_v a_o batallion_n that_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o ring-figure_n globe_n or_o ring-figure_n if_o it_o be_v perfect_o round_a the_o english_a have_v word_v it_o well_o in_o call_v it_o a_o ring_n i_o find_v it_o often_o mention_v in_o modern_a than_o in_o ancient_a story_n i_o shall_v think_v those_o who_o use_v it_o be_v on_o the_o defensive_a for_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o perfect_a globefigure_v can_v neither_o pursue_v nor_o run_v away_o without_o break_v their_o order_n and_o figure_n of_o their_o battle_n and_o so_o unglobe_n or_o unr_v themselves_o mr._n elton_n give_v we_o its_o figure_n and_o tell_v we_o right_o ingenious_o how_o it_o be_v make_v but_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o feasible_a for_o great_a body_n to_o cast_v themselves_o into_o that_o figure_n i_o incline_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v it_o be_v but_o a_o wedg_n of_o a_o lesser_a body_n and_o be_v small_a seem_v more_o circular_a and_o i_o the_o rather_o think_v so_o because_o caesar_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o alexandrinâ—_n war_n say_v that_o domitius_n one_o of_o his_o legate_n save_v a_o legion_n by_o cast_v it_o in_o a_o ring_n when_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n be_v rout_v at_o nicopâ—lis_n by_o pharnaces_n for_o if_o that_o legion_n have_v be_v in_o a_o perfect_a round_a figure_n it_o can_v not_o have_v retire_v as_o it_o do_v from_o he_o who_o by_o his_o victory_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n the_o tenaille_n tongue_n or_o shears_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o wedg_n â—ongs_n tenaille_fw-fr or_o â—ongs_n and_o be_v to_o be_v use_v only_o against_o it_o for_o whereas_o the_o wedg_n be_v sharp_a at_o the_o point_n to_o pierce_v any_o batallion_n that_o stand_v against_o it_o so_o the_o tenaille_n open_v its_o arm_n to_o receive_v and_o embrace_v the_o wedg_n have_v its_o bulk_n notwithstanding_o behind_o to_o oppose_v it_o if_o it_o can_v not_o be_v break_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o tenaille_n and_o a_o squadron_n may_v very_o soon_o cast_v itself_o in_o a_o tenaille_n either_o by_o advance_v its_o two_o flank_n the_o body_n stand_v â—ied_v farm_n or_o yet_o by_o make_v the_o middle_a part_n against_o which_o the_o point_n of_o the_o wedg_n prepare_v retire_v a_o little_a both_o the_o flank_n stand_v still_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o way_n make_v the_o squadron_n a_fw-fr tenaille_fw-fr the_o saw_n be_v a_o great_a batallion_n compose_v of_o several_a squadron_n all_o marshal_v saw_n the_o saw_n in_o the_o form_n of_o wedge_n the_o angular_a point_n of_o which_o wedge_n represent_v the_o tooth_n of_o the_o see_v and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o several_a wedge_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o saw_n some_o have_v write_v that_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n do_v represent_v the_o saw_n take_v the_o body_n of_o the_o maniple_n for_o the_o tooth_n and_o the_o interval_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o saw_n but_o how_o can_v that_o be_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o maniple_n and_o the_o several_a interval_n between_o these_o body_n be_v all_o of_o one_o equal_a front_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o tooth_n and_o body_n of_o a_o saw_n and_o unless_o these_o maniple_n have_v be_v make_v a_o little_o sharp_a at_o the_o front_n than_o of_o either_o ten_o or_o twelve_o man_n the_o resemblance_n will_v not_o have_v hold_v we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v it_o at_o all_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o 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the_o chicken-master_n to_o usurp_v a_o power_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v the_o consul_n from_o fight_v when_o they_o please_v instead_o of_o these_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n before_o the_o battle_n the_o turk_n with_o great_a devotion_n attend_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o both_o he_o and_o other_o mahometan_n howl_v loud_a enough_o to_o their_o impostor_n who_o be_v otherwise_o so_o take_v up_o that_o he_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o hear_v their_o habbling_n christians_n either_o humble_o offer_v or_o shall_v humble_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o their_o prayer_n to_o the_o true_a god_n who_o give_v victory_n to_o who_o he_o please_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n they_o sing_v a_o paan_n and_o a_o hymn_n crux_fw-la vâ—cit_fw-la after_o the_o heathen_n think_v they_o have_v make_v their_o deity_n propitious_a their_o chieftain_n labdure_v to_o encourage_v their_o army_n with_o good_a word_n speech_n oration_n and_o promise_v of_o reward_n their_o speech_n be_v 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the_o late_a duke_n of_o guise_n whereby_o he_o go_v fair_a to_o have_v disburden_a the_o king_n of_o spain_n head_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o naples_n immediate_o after_o the_o unexemplified_a rebellion_n of_o masanello_n but_o the_o duke_n entrust_v the_o several_a post_n of_o that_o great_a city_n of_o naples_n constant_o to_o the_o same_o officer_n encourage_v one_o of_o they_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o count_n d'ognati_fw-la and_o fall_v he_o that_o which_o be_v entrust_v to_o he_o when_o the_o duke_n be_v reduce_v a_o inconsiderable_a isle_n without_o the_o city_n this_o blast_v all_o his_o fair_a hope_n and_o short_o after_o lose_v he_o his_o liberty_n i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n that_o surprisal_n be_v the_o second_o and_o next_o to_o treachery_n the_o easy_a way_n to_o take_v fortify_v place_n i_o speak_v of_o several_a kind_n of_o surprisal_n of_o any_o of_o which_o if_o a_o governor_n get_v intelligence_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o render_v it_o 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so_o wander_v and_o so_o little_a constant_a to_o himself_o that_o i_o go_v away_o from_o he_o and_o those_o who_o comment_n on_o he_o as_o ignorant_a of_o some_o point_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n as_o when_o i_o meet_v with_o either_o he_o or_o they_o i_o be_o not_o guilty_a nor_o shall_v be_v of_o so_o great_a presumption_n as_o to_o fix_v any_o blemish_n on_o a_o person_n who_o name_n have_v be_v hold_v for_o so_o many_o age_n in_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v think_v first_o we_o have_v not_o all_o he_o write_v on_o that_o subject_n though_o excuse_v excuse_v his_o treatise_n seem_v to_o be_v full_a and_o next_o that_o when_o print_v first_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n some_o paper_n of_o his_o have_v be_v too_o careless_o piece_v together_o and_o that_o perhaps_o put_v in_o several_a chapter_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v in_o one_o hence_o may_v come_v his_o frequent_a tautology_n and_o a_o close_o make_v to_o a_o paragraph_n to_o which_o the_o author_n perhaps_o intend_v a_o addition_n or_o interpretation_n and_o thereby_o in_o some_o place_n he_o be_v make_v to_o speak_v that_o sense_n which_o perhaps_o he_o never_o intend_v nor_o dare_v i_o qualify_v vegetius_n as_o lipsius_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o poliorketikon_n vegetius_n lipsius_n severe_a to_o vegetius_n very_o magisterial_o do_v in_o these_o word_n bone_fw-la vegetius_n hic_fw-la &_o alibisolutâ—s_fw-la &_o negligens_fw-la &_o parum_fw-la ad_fw-la genium_fw-la antiquum_fw-la nec_fw-la peccarem_fw-la sitalem_fw-la testem_fw-la rejicerem_fw-la &_o contemnerem_fw-la good_a vegetius_n say_v he_o here_o and_o elsewhere_o loose_a and_o negligent_a who_o have_v little_a of_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o ancient_n neither_o shall_v i_o commit_v any_o sin_n if_o i_o shall_v reject_v or_o contemn_v such_o a_o witness_n though_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_a military_a art_n in_o all_o its_o dimension_n yet_o it_o be_v 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vivacity_n of_o their_o eye_n the_o brawniness_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o leg_n he_o make_v choice_n rather_o of_o artificer_n and_o tradesman_n plebeian_n foot_n soldier_n plebeian_n than_o merchant_n but_o of_o these_o he_o reject_v fisher_n fowler_n clothier_n confectioner_n and_o all_o such_o who_o trade_n be_v sedentary_a and_o hereby_o he_o exclude_v tailor_n and_o shoemaker_n but_o i_o have_v know_v good_a soldier_n of_o both_o for_o all_o these_o he_o esteem_v womanly_a but_o he_o admit_v hunter_n hawkers_o smith_n carpenter_n and_o such_o as_o they_o this_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v all_o vegtius_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o roman_a levy_n other_o author_n show_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o levy_n which_o be_v this_o every_o levy_n manner_n of_o the_o roman_a levy_n year_n when_o the_o consul_n be_v elect_v four_o legion_n be_v levy_v unless_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n require_v more_o that_o be_v two_o for_o every_o consul_n which_o with_o as_o many_o from_o the_o ally_n make_v up_o two_o consular_a army_n at_o that_o time_n do_v all_o the_o tribe_n appear_v which_o in_o the_o flourish_a condition_n of_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o in_o the_o first_o place_n twenty_o four_o tribune_n or_o colonel_n be_v choose_v whereof_o fourteen_o be_v of_o the_o equestral_a and_o ten_o of_o the_o popular_a order_n suppose_v still_o that_o four_o legion_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v for_o if_o either_o more_o or_o less_o the_o number_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v vegetius_n say_v that_o six_o tribune_n be_v constant_o ordain_v for_o every_o legion_n whatever_o strength_n it_o be_v of_o but_o by_o his_o favour_n livy_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o nine_o book_n that_o there_o be_v but_o four_o tribune_n in_o every_o legion_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o samnite_n and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o tribune_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribe_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n and_o i_o find_v likewise_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribe_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n but_o in_o the_o macedonian_a the_o consul_n have_v the_o election_n of_o they_o two_o year_n after_o that_o war_n be_v end_v livy_n inform_v we_o the_o tribe_n resume_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o elect_v their_o tribune_n the_o manner_n in_o which_o the_o tribune_n or_o colonel_n elect_v their_o soldier_n be_v elect_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v elect_v this_o every_o tribe_n divide_v its_o man_n that_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n by_o four_o of_o the_o first_o four_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n choose_v one_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n choose_v the_o second_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n choose_v the_o three_o and_o the_o four_o man_n fall_v to_o the_o lot_n of_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o four_o legion_n of_o the_o second_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o of_o the_o three_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o and_o of_o the_o four_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o four_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o and_o so_o again_o alternative_o till_o the_o legion_n be_v all_o complete_a and_o the_o election_n for_o all_o the_o four_o legion_n as_o equal_o make_v as_o possible_o it_o can_v be_v those_o who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o always_o tirones_fw-la or_o novitiate_v for_o many_o of_o they_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o war_n before_o but_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o be_v enroll_v at_o new_a levy_n if_o elect_v till_o they_o have_v serve_v out_o that_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v and_o what_o that_o be_v shall_v be_v immediate_o tell_v you_o those_o who_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o foot_n service_n be_v ordinary_o divide_v into_o four_o class_n in_o the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o experiment_a and_o be_v call_v triarii_n in_o the_o second_o those_o of_o the_o strong_a body_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o three_o be_v those_o who_o be_v in_o their_o youthful_a year_n and_o have_v least_o experience_n and_o be_v call_v hastati_fw-la in_o the_o four_o class_n be_v those_o who_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v light_o arm_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n of_o all_o these_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o i_o shall_v speak_v particular_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n the_o tribune_n have_v the_o power_n also_o to_o choose_v the_o centurion_n the_o standard_n elect_v how_o the_o officer_n be_v elect_v ensign_n and_o eagle-bearer_n but_o not_o according_a to_o their_o own_o pleasure_n but_o according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o have_v serve_v the_o degree_n they_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o donative_n they_o have_v get_v and_o the_o service_n they_o have_v do_v and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o conceive_v he_o get_v wrong_v he_o have_v
yet_o be_v he_o not_o at_o the_o pain_n to_o give_v we_o so_o perfect_a a_o description_n of_o they_o as_o other_o author_n have_v do_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o shield_n and_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n have_v shield_n but_o speak_v not_o of_o their_o form_n nor_o bigness_n distinction_n a_o nice_a distinction_n there_o be_v some_o and_o among_o they_o achilles_n terduzzi_n who_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o shield_n and_o a_o target_n and_o it_o be_v this_o the_o first_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o the_o second_o of_o a_o long_a angular_a or_o oval_n if_o so_o we_o must_v conclude_v those_o use_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v target_n and_o no_o shield_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v ordinary_o four_o foot_n long_o and_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o nice_a distinction_n i_o shall_v use_v the_o word_n promiscuous_o and_o call_v the_o roman_a target_n a_o shield_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o allowance_n of_o three_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o the_o roman_a file_n and_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o shield_n cover_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o that_o ground_n we_o must_v conclude_v there_o be_v but_o one_o half_a foot_n leave_v for_o they_o first_o to_o throw_v their_o javelines_n or_o dart_n and_o then_o to_o present_v the_o point_n of_o their_o sword_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o their_o shield_n be_v so_o near_o each_o other_o and_o their_o body_n so_o strong_o defend_v by_o they_o and_o their_o other_o armour_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n they_o either_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n courageous_o for_o vegetius_n say_v well_o in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n that_o those_o who_o be_v expose_v naked_a to_o receive_v wound_n must_v think_v more_o of_o fly_v than_o fight_v and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o same_o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o he_o who_o have_v his_o head_n and_o breast_n well_o arm_v be_v not_o afraid_a of_o wound_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o fear_v to_o fight_v as_o first_o the_o roman_a shield_n be_v make_v of_o timber_n bulls-hides_a or_o other_o leather_n shield_n the_o roman_a shield_n artificial_o interweave_v and_o wrought_v together_o the_o timber_n be_v ordinary_o of_o the_o fig_n or_o willow-tree_n cut_v in_o small_a piece_n and_o all_o well_o cover_v with_o the_o strong_a leather_n but_o camillus_n have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o gaul_n who_o carry_v heavy_a slash_a sword_n cause_v they_o to_o put_v a_o margin_n or_o border_n of_o iron_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o shield_n thereby_o to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o their_o furious_a blow_n and_o after_o camillus_n his_o time_n there_o be_v a_o strong-pointed_n piece_n of_o iron_n put_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o shield_n upon_o which_o they_o fix_v it_o in_o the_o ground_n either_o when_o they_o stand_v centinel_n or_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o battle_n array_n expect_v a_o enemy_n as_o aeâ—ilius_n his_o legion_n do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o perseus_n and_o his_o macedonian_a phalange_n for_o at_o those_o time_n they_o lean_v and_o rest_v themselves_o on_o their_o shield_n they_o make_v also_o good_a use_n of_o those_o point_n by_o push_v and_o thrust_v with_o they_o at_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o any_o close_a medley_n many_o and_o almost_o all_o nation_n beside_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n make_v use_v of_o shield_n especial_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_n who_o peradventure_o have_v the_o use_n of_o they_o before_o the_o roman_n be_v a_o nation_n of_o shield_n either_o in_o battle_n or_o at_o the_o take_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v shield_n a_o tortoise_n oâ—_n shield_n compose_v that_o figure_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n because_o it_o resemble_v that_o animal_n which_o cover_v itself_o within_o its_o shell_n and_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o it_o the_o first_o be_v frame_v thus_o the_o first_o rank_n cover_v their_o kind_n first_o kind_n face_n with_o their_o shield_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n keep_v their_o target_n above_o their_o head_n thereby_o make_v such_o a_o wall_n of_o defence_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o able_a say_v author_n to_o despise_v all_o dart_n stone_n and_o arrow_n but_o to_o resist_v a_o furious_a charge_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n but_o i_o wonder_v why_o any_o tactick_a will_v call_v invincible_a not_o invincible_a this_o figure_n of_o battle_n invincible_a even_o against_o missile_a weapon_n since_o the_o roman_n themselves_o be_v often_o than_o once_o beat_v by_o the_o parthian_a archer_n and_o lâ—vius_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o ten_o book_n that_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n fight_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o samnite_n vmbrian_o and_o gaul_n when_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v well_o near_o rout_v some_o tribune_n come_v with_o the_o triarii_n to_o the_o rescue_n find_v the_o gaul_n ser_v together_o in_o a_o testudo_fw-la cover_v themselves_o with_o their_o great_a shield_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o roman_a triarii_n who_o be_v heavy_a arm_v dare_v not_o hazard_v on_o they_o till_o first_o with_o dart_n javelines_n and_o other_o missiles_n they_o put_v they_o in_o disorder_n and_o then_o they_o rout_v they_o livius_n tortoise_n second_o kind_n of_o a_o tortoise_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o the_o testudo_fw-la make_v of_o shield_n at_o the_o assault_a of_o town_n the_o manner_n this_o so_o many_o century_n maniple_n or_o cohort_n as_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n please_v stand_v near_o the_o wall_n or_o port_n with_o their_o shield_n over_o their_o head_n the_o first_o rank_n stand_v straight_o the_o second_o bow_v a_o little_a the_o three_o bow_v a_o little_a more_o than_o the_o second_o the_o four_o more_o than_o the_o three_o so_o still_o decline_v till_o the_o last_o rank_n suppose_v the_o ten_o kneel_v up_o their_o back_n as_o up_o stair_n do_v those_o who_o be_v ordain_v to_o storm_n run_v to_o the_o assault_n and_o so_o either_o enter_v or_o break_v down_o place_n for_o other_o to_o enter_v this_o i_o believe_v be_v practise_v often_o in_o their_o play_n on_o the_o amphitheatre_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v use_v in_o jest_n than_o in_o earnest_n for_o great_a stone_n throw_v down_o by_o the_o defendant_n will_v easy_o have_v break_v the_o tortoise-shell_n and_o then_o melt_a lead_n boil_a oil_n or_o scald_a water_n all_o ordinary_o practise_v on_o such_o occasion_n by_o the_o ancient_n will_v to_o my_o sense_n either_o soon_o have_v kill_v or_o chase_v away_o the_o tortoise_n itself_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n that_o when_o the_o roman_n march_v and_o no_o enemy_n in_o sight_n of_o they_o they_o carry_v their_o headpiece_n at_o their_o girdle_n and_o their_o shield_n within_o cover_n on_o their_o back_n my_o reason_n be_v caesar_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o gallic_a war_n say_v that_o the_o nervian_o give_v he_o so_o brisk_a and_o sudden_a a_o a_o charge_n that_o his_o soldier_n have_v not_o time_n enough_o to_o put_v on_o their_o headpiece_n or_o pull_v their_o shield_n out_o of_o their_o cover_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v be_v cover_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o device_n and_o coat_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v paint_v on_o they_o a_o custom_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n before_o romulus_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n but_o both_o before_o and_o long_o after_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_a the_o habitable_a world_n or_o most_o of_o it_o man_n use_v to_o arms._n coat_n of_o arms._n put_v on_o their_o shield_n what_o fancy_n or_o device_n they_o like_v best_a some_o bird_n some_o beast_n of_o several_a kind_n some_o the_o noble_a action_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o the_o sun_n some_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o a_o lesser_a star_n this_o i_o suppose_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o many_o of_o our_o romance_n writer_n to_o give_v several_a denomination_n to_o all_o their_o knight_n errant_a by_o the_o device_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o to_o make_v they_o distinguishable_a thereby_o when_o their_o face_n be_v undiscernible_a with_o the_o beavor_n of_o their_o helmet_n but_o in_o after_o age_n prince_n think_v fit_a to_o restrain_v man_n from_o the_o vanity_n of_o take_v coat_n of_o arm_n as_o they_o please_v till_o they_o be_v give_v they_o by_o authority_n hence_o have_v the_o herald_n their_o rise_n and_o if_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o exercise_v their_o office_n strict_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v we_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o many_o extravagant_a coat_n in_o the_o world_n i_o be_v acquaint_v long_o ago_o with_o a_o german_a and_o there_o be_v many_o good_a herald_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o have_v assume_v for_o his_o coat_n the_o french_a king_n arm_n i_o ask_v
he_o know_v best_o but_o the_o old_a roman_n dart_v their_o â—avelines_n as_o they_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v command_v by_o their_o general_n to_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o dint_n of_o sword_n esteem_v by_o they_o the_o prince_n of_o weapon_n so_o caesar_n legionary_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v order_v after_o each_o man_n have_v cast_v his_o javeline_n to_o run_v to_o the_o shock_n which_o according_o they_o do_v the_o manner_n of_o throw_v their_o pila_fw-la be_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n throw_v first_o and_o immediate_o throw_v how_o they_o be_v throw_v bow_v down_o that_o the_o second_o rank_n may_v cast_v over_o their_o head_n so_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o the_o rank_n have_v throw_v when_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v so_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o no_o doubt_n in_o time_n 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several_a place_n the_o first_o be_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n where_o he_o say_v the_o chieftain_n swear_v first_o after_o he_o the_o tribune_n after_o they_o the_o centurion_n and_o then_o say_v he_o the_o soldier_n by_o century_n not_o â—ne_a word_n here_o of_o sub-centurion_n option_n ensign-bearer_n tesseraries_n measurer_n clerk_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o crew_n who_o indeed_o be_v all_o of_o they_o but_o soldier_n in_o these_o century_n the_o second_o place_n be_v in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n there_o he_o tell_v we_o how_o a_o oath_n be_v swear_v not_o to_o desert_n pompey_n very_o ill_o keep_v first_o say_v he_o labiâ—nus_n as_o chief_a swear_v than_o the_o legate_n whereof_o labienus_n himself_o be_v one_o than_o the_o tribune_n next_o they_o the_o centurion_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a army_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n we_o have_v but_o a_o slender_a account_n give_v we_o of_o the_o roman_a horse_n by_o vegetius_n horse_n the_o sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o the_o horse_n all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_a amount_n to_o this_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v as_o a_o band_n of_o foot_n be_v call_v a_o century_n or_o a_o maniple_n so_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n be_v call_v a_o turma_fw-la that_o be_v a_o troop_n that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o troop_n consist_v of_o thirty_o two_o rider_n whereof_o the_o commander_n be_v call_v a_o decurion_n and_o he_o describe_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o person_n not_o only_o well_o arm_v and_o horse_v and_o active_a and_o expert_a in_o all_o feat_n of_o horsemanship_n but_o able_a to_o teach_v his_o trooper_n to_o be_v so_o likewise_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o arm_n bright_a and_o clean_o and_o their_o horse_n in_o good_a case_n in_o the_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o cataphract_v horseman_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v at_o all_o piece_n be_v free_a from_o wound_n how_o can_v this_o be_v when_o their_o face_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o be_v not_o able_a say_v he_o to_z do_v great_a matter_n because_o of_o the_o heaviness_n of_o their_o armour_n yet_o good_a at_o close_a fight_n either_o before_o the_o foot_n or_o mix_v with_o they_o to_o beat_v a_o batallion_n of_o a_o enemy_n this_o be_v all_o so_o we_o remain_v ignorant_a till_o he_o come_v to_o marshal_v his_o legion_n of_o vegetius_n omission_n of_o vegetius_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o even_o then_o for_o he_o we_o know_v not_o how_o the_o horseman_n be_v levy_v oâ—_n elect_v how_o they_o be_v pay_v how_o they_o watch_v or_o what_o other_o duty_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v how_o deep_o they_o be_v marshal_v when_o and_o where_o they_o march_v or_o fight_v what_o distance_n be_v between_o their_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o what_o interval_n between_o their_o turme_n or_o
almost_o all_o nation_n not_o long_o after_o the_o deluge_n and_o frequent_o use_v by_o a_o very_a ancient_a people_n and_o which_o be_v more_o by_o a_o people_n choose_v and_o belove_v of_o he_o who_o promulgate_v his_o law_n to_o they_o by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o dreadful_a noise_n of_o his_o aethereal_a cannon_n but_o as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o temple_n to_o sound_v the_o praise_n of_o the_o high_a by_o the_o priest_n who_o all_o or_o most_o of_o they_o have_v the_o skill_n of_o a_o trumpet_n so_o be_v it_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n with_o their_o malignant_a neighbour_n but_o which_o be_v worse_o too_o much_o make_v use_n of_o by_o they_o for_o sedition_n and_o rebellion_n to_o your_o tent_n of_o israel_n word_n which_o with_o the_o precede_a one_o have_v sound_v loud_o enough_o in_o our_o own_o ear_n and_o in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o grecian_n learn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o trumpet_n from_o the_o tirenians_n and_o these_o have_v their_o 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the_o grecian_n desire_v liberty_n to_o bury_v their_o dead_a it_o be_v a_o tacit_a acknowledgement_n that_o they_o be_v overcome_v but_o vegetius_n will_v have_v these_o bag_n to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o signiferi_fw-la the_o ensign-bearer_n who_o therefore_o he_o will_v have_v not_o only_o to_o be_v faithful_a and_o trusty_a man_n but_o learned_a that_o they_o may_v perfect_o keep_v the_o account_n of_o all_o that_o be_v consign_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o here_o indeed_o he_o be_v as_o lipsius_n in_o another_o place_n call_v he_o solutus_fw-la &_o negligens_fw-la have_v forget_v that_o in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v librarii_n notary_n or_o scrivener_n who_o keep_v the_o account_n of_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o soldiery_n therefore_o not_o the_o signiferi_fw-la or_o ensign_n who_o employment_n be_v to_o attend_v their_o colour_n julius_n caesar_n after_o all_o his_o victory_n double_v the_o wage_n of_o 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three_o be_v of_o the_o accensi_fw-la of_o who_o they_o have_v least_o confidence_n and_o therefore_o cast_v they_o in_o the_o rear_n thus_o far_o livius_n and_o mr._n holland_n who_o put_v he_o in_o english_a and_o indeed_o we_o have_v enough_o and_o too_o much_o of_o this_o stuff_n let_v we_o now_o observe_v the_o error_n of_o this_o discourse_n first_o it_o be_v questionable_a if_o ever_o the_o roman_n use_v the_o macedonian_a phalange_n â—t_a the_o error_n of_o â—t_a a_o body_n compose_v pure_o of_o pike-man_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o by_o none_o and_o that_o this_o great_a body_n in_o after_o time_n be_v cast_v in_o maniple_n to_o i_o be_v fabulous_a for_o certain_o maniple_n be_v use_v by_o romulus_n and_o though_o this_o be_v true_a we_o must_v not_o for_o all_o that_o grant_v that_o every_o maniple_n have_v but_o sixty_o man_n that_o be_v only_o true_a of_o the_o triarii_n or_o if_o that_o be_v grant_v too_o sure_o we_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o every_o band_n of_o sixty_o except_o still_o the_o triarii_fw-la have_v two_o centurion_n and_o one_o ensign_n second_o that_o every_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la have_v fiftten_v maniple_n be_v against_o all_o antiquity_n and_o the_o current_n of_o most_o if_o not_o all_o author_n who_o allow_v no_o more_o maniple_n to_o a_o legion_n but_o thirty_o nor_o centuriates_n but_o threescore_o except_o vegetius_n who_o reduce_v the_o number_n of_o the_o century_n to_o fifty_o five_o now_o livy_n description_n of_o a_o legion_n make_v it_o contain_v forty_o five_o maniple_n and_o ninety_o centuriates_n and_o all_o this_o be_v point_n blank_a against_o himself_o in_o other_o place_n three_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o each_o of_o the_o fifteen_o last_o order_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o every_o part_n be_v call_v primum_fw-la pilum_fw-la be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ridiculous_a than_o to_o call_v that_o first_o which_o be_v but_o second_o or_o three_o and_o if_o these_o forty_o five_o part_n for_o so_o many_o if_o multiply_v by_o three_o it_o extend_v to_o be_v all_o first_o which_o of_o the_o forty_o five_o shall_v be_v last_o four_o every_o one_o of_o these_o part_n have_v its_o colour_n and_o so_o in_o the_o three_o class_n there_o be_v forty_o five_o ensign_n and_o but_o fifteen_o in_o each_o of_o the_o other_o two_o a_o thing_n nothing_o probable_a five_o every_o one_o of_o these_o ensign_n have_v one_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o man_n assure_o this_o be_v so_o extravagant_a that_o it_o can_v plead_v for_o any_o show_n of_o truth_n for_o multiply_v one_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o by_o forty_o five_o the_o product_n will_v be_v eight_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o and_o so_o strong_a by_o this_o account_n must_v the_o triarii_n have_v be_v join_v with_o the_o rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la a_o thing_n so_o notorious_o and_o palpable_o false_a that_o it_o deserve_v no_o refutation_n this_o passage_n of_o titus_n livius_n have_v be_v no_o doubt_n observe_v by_o many_o of_o his_o printer_n all_o occasion_v by_o the_o first_o printer_n reader_n long_o before_o justus_n lipsius_n be_v bear_v yet_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v he_o be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o offer_v he_o help_v and_o indeed_o he_o have_v do_v gallant_o to_o vindicate_v so_o renown_v a_o author_n from_o these_o injury_n the_o first_o printer_n of_o his_o decade_n have_v do_v he_o for_o lipsius_n say_v that_o assure_o this_o rhapsody_n of_o nonsense_n proceed_v from_o the_o little_a understanding_n they_o have_v of_o the_o true_a text._n and_o stevechius_n on_o another_o subject_n say_v that_o printer_n in_o the_o print_n old_a manuscript_n have_v commit_v such_o gross_a fault_n that_o he_o know_v not_o whether_o that_o admirable_a art_n of_o printing_n have_v do_v more_o hurt_n or_o good_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n but_o to_o our_o purpose_n lipsius_n help_v the_o matter_n thus_o where_o
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left_a so_o it_o be_v at_o cannae_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v by_o hannibal_n so_o it_o be_v at_o vesuvius_n where_o manlius_n get_v the_o victory_n over_o the_o latin_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o colleague_n decius_n so_o it_o be_v at_o metaurus_n where_o nero_n and_o livy_n defeat_v and_o kill_v asdrubal_n but_o indeed_o where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o consul_n or_o general_n he_o seldom_o tie_v himself_o to_o one_o place_n but_o ride_v where_o he_o see_v his_o presence_n be_v most_o needful_a so_o do_v that_o manlius_n i_o just_a now_o mention_v so_o do_v caesar_n and_o so_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a captain_n and_o it_o have_v be_v no_o prejudice_n either_o to_o lipsius_n or_o terduzzi_n to_o have_v suffer_v a_o consul_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n to_o have_v stand_v where_o he_o please_v either_o beside_o the_o first_o eagle_n or_o the_o second_o or_o beside_o none_o of_o they_o vegetius_n in_o the_o nine_o ten_o and_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o some_o more_o office_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n than_o polybius_n do_v and_o these_o be_v three_o praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la praefâ—ctus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la it_o be_v strange_a we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o these_o three_o great_a commander_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o have_v the_o two_o last_o as_o by_o the_o description_n of_o their_o officer_n the_o reader_n will_v quick_o conceive_v as_o to_o the_o first_o polybius_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o army_n other_o general_a officer_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n he_o and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o officer_n in_o his_o time_n he_o neither_o can_v or_o will_v have_v pass_v he_o when_o he_o give_v we_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n and_o more_o especial_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o tribune_n receive_v the_o word_n or_o tessera_fw-la from_o the_o consul_n and_o give_v it_o to_o the_o centurion_n and_o that_o the_o say_v tribune_n take_v on_o they_o to_o judge_n and_o give_v definitive_a sentence_n in_o their_o legion_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o praefectus_fw-la above_o they_o so_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v be_v a_o new_a officer_n create_v after_o the_o emperor_n come_v in_o play_n this_o fraefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la this_o brigadier_n or_o this_o legionary_a colonel_n for_o i_o legion_n praefectus_fw-la legion_n know_v not_o how_o to_o english_a it_o according_a to_o vegetius_n his_o description_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n be_v a_o officer_n of_o great_a experience_n be_v obey_v by_o all_o the_o tribune_n centurion_n and_o soldier_n the_o care_n of_o man_n horse_n clothes_n legion_n colonel_n of_o the_o legion_n and_o arm_n belong_v to_o he_o by_o his_o order_n they_o be_v drill_v and_o train_v and_o by_o his_o authority_n the_o soldier_n be_v punish_v for_o their_o misdemeanour_n by_o the_o tribune_n but_o mark_v it_o he_o have_v only_o this_o power_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o legate_n and_o as_o his_o deputy_n legato_n absente_a &_o tanquam_fw-la ejus_fw-la vicario_n say_v vegetiuâ—_n now_o if_o every_o legion_n have_v a_o legate_n i_o shall_v believe_v the_o legate_n be_v colonel_n the_o praefectus_fw-la lieutenant_n colonel_n the_o tribune_n be_v captain_n and_o the_o centurion_n corporal_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n polybius_n indeed_o speak_v of_o legate_n but_o of_o no_o praefecti_fw-la except_o among_o the_o ally_n the_o praefectus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la say_v vegetius_n have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o castrorum_fw-la praefectus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la camp_n the_o order_v the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n of_o both_o ditch_n and_o rampart_n the_o care_n of_o the_o sick_a and_o of_o the_o
how_o to_o do_v it_o first_o say_v he_o let_v the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n be_v marshal_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o your_o second_o second_o enemy_n then_o say_v he_o let_v your_o front_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o your_o flank_n stand_v still_o shall_v environ_v your_o enemy_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o machiavelli_n think_v this_o a_o squint_a device_n but_o it_o be_v a_o fancy_n only_o beseem_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n if_o he_o have_v say_v let_v your_o battle_n stand_v and_o your_o wing_n extend_v themselves_o he_o have_v speak_v some_o sense_n but_o a_o front_n to_o retire_v be_v a_o improper_a speech_n and_o unintelligible_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n for_o in_o strict_a and_o proper_a language_n a_o front_n and_o a_o rear_n consist_v but_o each_o of_o they_o of_o one_o rank_n whether_o that_o be_v of_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o ten_o thousand_o or_o twenry_n thousand_o man_n or_o horse_n so_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o be_v the_o front_n can_v retire_v further_a than_o six_o or_o three_o foot_n allow_v to_o be_v between_o it_o and_o the_o second_o rank_n unless_o all_o the_o rank_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a batallion_n retire_v i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o rank_n to_o be_v the_o front_n and_o the_o other_o half_a the_o rear_n as_o in_o our_o foot_n batallion_n which_o be_v six_o deep_a the_o three_o first_o rank_n make_v the_o front_n the_o other_o three_o the_o rear_n but_o this_o as_o i_o think_v be_v not_o proper_a language_n neither_o will_v it_o help_v machiavelli_n for_o his_o front_n of_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n can_v retire_v till_o the_o three_o last_o rank_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o retire_v first_o beside_o all_o this_o i_o doubt_v if_o in_o machiavel_n time_n captain_n may_v well_o hazard_v more_o three_o three_o than_o now_o to_o command_v a_o batallion_n of_o man_n to_o retire_v for_o fear_v they_o can_v not_o get_v they_o to_o advance_v again_o at_o least_o not_o so_o ready_o justus_n lipsius_n have_v reason_n to_o accuse_v machiavelli_n of_o gross_a ignorance_n for_o deny_v the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o militia_n to_o be_v a_o art_n and_o certain_o his_o conceit_n to_o do_v so_o four_o four_o be_v very_o extravagant_a â—esides_v he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o call_v his_o treatise_n of_o war_n i_o set_v libri_fw-la del'arte_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_fw-mi di_fw-it nicolo_n machiavelli_n seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o nicol_n machiavelli_n indeed_o soldier_n be_v very_o little_o bind_v to_o he_o for_o he_o say_v neither_o prince_n nor_o state_n shall_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o they_o nor_o do_v say_v he_o any_o virtuous_a or_o good_a man_n use_v it_o as_o a_o art_n and_o add_v that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a for_o they_o must_v say_v this_o doctor_n either_o obstruct_v all_o peace_n that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v maintain_v or_o they_o must_v pill_v plunder_v and_o make_v spoil_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v all_o true_a these_o be_v his_o goodly_a argument_n which_o be_v but_o his_o own_o idle_a dream_n for_o it_o be_v observation_n five_o observation_n no_o difficil_n matter_n to_o keep_v man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o duty_n even_o when_o they_o but_o seldom_o receive_v their_o wage_n and_o this_o in_o this_o age_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o can_v many_o instance_n be_v give_v where_o man_n of_o war_n obstruct_v that_o peace_n which_o their_o master_n desire_v or_o which_o both_o party_n be_v content_v to_o make_v and_o if_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o disband_v of_o army_n any_o exorbitancy_n chance_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o soldier_n as_o seldom_o any_o such_o thing_n fall_v out_o they_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o too_o great_a a_o defalcation_n of_o their_o pay_n with_o the_o half_a or_o moiety_n whereof_o all_o modern_a soldier_n will_v be_v hearty_o well_o content_v so_o perfect_o have_v they_o learn_v the_o baptist_n lesson_n in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o cry_v up_o the_o lowliness_n of_o spirit_n of_o those_o great_a statesman_n who_o be_v please_v to_o descend_v from_o their_o high_a corollary_n corollary_n sphere_n to_o learn_v their_o politic_n from_o machiavelli_n or_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o those_o captain_n who_o disdain_v to_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o to_o receive_v their_o lesson_n of_o the_o military_a art_n from_o the_o town_n clerk_n of_o florence_n i_o suppose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v in_o some_o place_n to_o set_v down_o wherein_o the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o all_o or_o do_v what_o the_o author_n promise_v to_o do_v most_o of_o the_o several_a point_n or_o part_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a country_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a time_n and_o when_o i_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v spare_o and_o with_o submission_n neither_o shall_v i_o decline_v to_o go_v as_o far_o back_o in_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o war_n in_o former_a time_n as_o i_o have_v either_o probable_a ground_n for_o conjecture_n or_o any_o glimpse_n of_o light_a to_o conduct_v i_o since_o i_o write_v this_o chapter_n i_o have_v see_v some_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v soldier_n themselves_o have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a french_a art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n as_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr valiere_n mounseur_fw-fr lovis_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saya_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v army_n be_v proper_o the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o war_n and_o man_n be_v the_o sinew_n of_o army_n the_o best_a choice_n election_n or_o levy_v of_o man_n be_v of_o levy_n voluntary_a levy_n the_o subject_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o war_n where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o man_n â—it_a for_o service_n to_o enroll_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o levy_n alter_v its_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o war_n for_o if_o that_o be_v a_o defensive_a one_o the_o levy_n be_v voluntary_a for_o ordinary_o man_n rise_v willing_o in_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n life_n wife_n and_o child_n but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v a_o offensive_a one_o intend_v to_o invade_v a_o stranger_n and_o such_o as_o lead_v native_n from_o their_o country_n and_o home_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o foreign_a land_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o voluntary_a and_o very_o oft_o get_v the_o name_n of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o levy_n most_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o press_n press_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o choose_v most_o of_o their_o cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o gentleman_n or_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o the_o infantry_n out_z of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o substance_n of_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o vanish_v and_o we_o have_v scarce_o the_o shadow_n of_o it_o leave_v with_o we_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nation_n the_o german_a prince_n and_o imperial_a town_n by_o the_o old_a constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v a_o election_n or_o levy_n of_o their_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o law_n sometime_o the_o ten_o sometime_o the_o six_o or_o five_o man_n or_o according_a to_o their_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o war_n both_o since_o germany_n manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a levy_n in_o germany_n the_o turk_n become_v their_o unwelcome_a neighbour_n and_o before_o he_o have_v foot_v in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximilian_n the_o second_o all_o that_o be_v enrol_v in_o the_o german_a cavalry_n be_v by_o birth_n gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a they_o bring_v some_o of_o they_o one_o some_o two_o and_o some_o three_o with_o they_o who_o wait_v on_o they_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v for_o who_o they_o receive_v wage_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o article_n of_o war_n but_o these_o be_v call_v in_o their_o language_n einspanneer_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o master_n who_o
commission_n when_o this_o book_n be_v write_v for_o the_o author_n give_v he_o not_o that_o title_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a this_o author_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o fire_n gun_n but_o only_o since_o and_o magisterial_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o all_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o in_o late_a time_n have_v compose_v the_o body_n of_o their_o infantry_n of_o pikeman_n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o the_o strong_a of_o his_o argugument_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n whereby_o he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v proselyte_n to_o this_o new_a fancy_n and_o shall_v give_v such_o answer_n to_o they_o as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v pertinent_a but_o shall_v not_o flatter_v myself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o all_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o say_v officer_n choose_v the_o tall_a and_o able_a man_n to_o carry_v argument_n his_o first_o argument_n pike_n because_o they_o must_v be_v strong_a to_o carry_v both_o they_o and_o their_o defensive_a arm_n and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o army_n to_o give_v useless_a arm_n to_o man_n who_o can_v use_v the_o musket_n with_o more_o advantage_n for_o pikeman_n say_v he_o can_v only_o receive_v the_o messenger_n of_o death_n bullet_n he_o mean_v but_o musquetier_n can_v send_v they_o first_o i_o answer_v he_o beg_v the_o question_n he_o declare_v the_o pike_n useless_a and_o that_o answer_v answer_v be_v the_o thing_n he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v second_o i_o have_v already_o complain_v that_o officer_n choose_v not_o so_o oft_o as_o they_o shall_v the_o able_a man_n for_o pike_n and_o so_o they_o be_v very_o ill_o use_v by_o mr._n lupton_n and_o i_o for_o he_o complain_v of_o they_o for_o do_v it_o and_o i_o complain_v of_o they_o for_o omit_v it_o three_o whereas_o he_o say_v pikeman_n can_v only_o receive_v but_o not_o send_v the_o messenger_n of_o death_n it_o seem_v he_o think_v when_o pikeman_n fight_v they_o be_v to_o stand_v fix_v in_o one_o place_n but_o he_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o in_o time_n of_o action_n they_o be_v no_o more_o oblige_v to_o stand_v still_o than_o musquetier_n who_o be_v ever_o in_o action_n and_o motion_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o in_o battle_n a_o body_n of_o musquetier_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n he_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o advance_v now_o he_o say_v a_o musket_n kill_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o hundred_o yard_n so_o do_v not_o the_o pike_n let_v it_o be_v so_o what_o then_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o more_o that_o in_o the_o advance_v many_o pikeman_n fall_v and_o no_o musquetier_n yet_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o these_o four_o hundred_o yard_n if_o so_o many_o may_v be_v soon_o trace_v by_o man_n who_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o the_o charge_n and_o even_o before_o ten_o rank_n can_v orderly_o and_o successive_o 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manage_n a_o war_n but_o as_o they_o say_v ad_fw-la bene_fw-la esse_fw-la only_o needful_a they_o be_v for_o the_o better_a manage_v the_o war_n or_o to_o say_v better_o they_o be_v useful_a and_o convenient_a but_o the_o foot_n be_v pure_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a as_o without_o which_o no_o war_n ever_o be_v nor_o no_o war_n ever_o can_v be_v manage_v consider_v that_o the_o impugnation_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a and_o most_o necessary_a point_n of_o war_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a military_a art_n yet_o these_o have_v be_v may_v be_v and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o assault_v and_o take_v by_o the_o foot_n only_o without_o the_o help_n of_o horseman_n and_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o paradoxical_a who_o say_v that_o horseman_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v not_o convenient_a within_o besiege_a place_n and_o without_o at_o sieges_n as_o little_a unless_o 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parthian_a arrow_n pierce_v and_o kill_v through_o the_o strong_a armour_n that_o be_v ever_o forge_v on_o a_o archer_n pretty_a story_n of_o arrow_n and_o archer_n anvil_n and_o agathias_n tell_v our_o author_n that_o arrow_n shoot_v by_o a_o certain_a goth_n kill_v man_n through_o both_o a_o target_n and_o a_o corslet_n i_o think_v this_o be_v much_o but_o if_o you_o think_v it_o not_o so_o then_o hear_v what_o follow_v if_o the_o arrow_n shoot_v by_o that_o dreadful_a goth_n fall_v on_o stone_n or_o on_o rock_n they_o split_v and_o break_v they_o in_o piece_n if_o this_o be_v true_a i_o wonder_v why_o the_o goth_n do_v not_o rather_o batter_v the_o wall_n of_o besiege_a town_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n than_o with_o the_o ram._n but_o take_v another_o story_n along_o with_o you_o prâ—copius_n speak_v universal_o of_o the_o archer_n of_o his_o time_n that_o their_o arrow_n can_v not_o be_v resist_v by_o either_o target_n or_o corslet_n nor_o by_o both_o to_o all_o this_o i_o 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exarsit_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la balearica_fw-la plumbum_fw-la ovid._n ovid._n funda_fw-la jacit_fw-la volat_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o incandescit_fw-la eundo_fw-la et_fw-la quos_fw-la non_fw-la habuit_fw-la sub_fw-la nubes_fw-la invenit_fw-la ignes_fw-la this_o be_v so_o pretty_a a_o story_n that_o i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v you_o it_o in_o english_a it_o burn_v as_o do_v a_o piece_n of_o lead_n that_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o a_o sling_n it_o melt_v it_o fly_v so_o salt_n for_o when_o it_o do_v below_o the_o welkine_n soar_v it_o find_v those_o fire_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o lipsius_n laugh_v and_o scoff_v at_o a_o italian_a writer_n who_o he_o name_v not_o for_o say_v that_o he_o believe_v the_o strong_a arm_n that_o ever_o be_v can_v not_o throw_v a_o stone_n above_o forty_o pace_n that_o can_v do_v any_o hurt_n i_o be_o not_o of_o that_o italian_n opinion_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v with_o lipsius_n that_o a_o slinger_n can_v hit_v a_o mark_n 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any_o other_o art_n be_v neither_o direct_o indirect_o nor_o consequential_o discharge_v in_o scripture_n ergo_fw-la the_o profession_n of_o mere_a soldiery_n be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v object_v here_o that_o the_o apostle_n write_v to_o the_o corinthian_n order_n every_o man_n that_o will_v eat_v to_o work_v with_o his_o hand_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o the_o corinthian_n be_v a_o people_n conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o be_v soldier_n and_o next_o if_o the_o command_n be_v general_a for_o all_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o age_n than_o soldier_n be_v include_v for_o they_o work_v with_o their_o hand_n and_o very_o oft_o a_o bloody_a work_n and_o if_o no_o divine_a law_n be_v against_o this_o profession_n as_o little_o can_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o any_o positive_a law_n of_o man_n have_v forbid_v it_o and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n make_v use_v of_o man_n who_o know_v no_o other_o trade_n but_o that_o of_o soldiery_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o sin_n if_o that_o profession_n be_v unlawful_a in_o itself_o nay_o i_o have_v know_v the_o time_n thirty_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o serve_v in_o germany_n that_o prince_n and_o state_n though_o they_o bestow_v levy-shoney_a very_o plentiful_o can_v not_o get_v half_a so_o many_o of_o that_o profession_n as_o they_o desire_v and_o at_o this_o very_a time_n when_o i_o write_v this_o those_o european_a prince_n who_o be_v hot_a in_o war_n with_o other_o can_v get_v man_n enough_o of_o that_o trade_n and_o yet_o i_o shall_v easy_o grant_v they_o get_v more_o than_o they_o pay_v well_o but_o hugh_n de_fw-fr grot_n common_o call_v grotius_n a_o very_a learned_a and_o grave_a author_n examine_v grotius_n opinion_n examine_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr fare_n belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v a_o heavy_a enemy_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o soldiery_n for_o there_o he_o say_v 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