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book_n	call_v	speak_v	time_n	1,688	5	3.1930	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60283	The principles of astronomy and navigation, or, A clear, short, yet full explanation of all circles of the celestial and terrestrial globes and of their uses : being the whole doctrine of the sphere and hypotheses to the phenomena of the primum mobile : to which is added a discovery of the secrets of nature which are found in the mercurial-weather-glass &c. : as also a new proposal for buoying of a ship of any burden from the bottom of the sea / by George Sinclair.	Sinclair, George, d. 1696.; Sinclair, George, d. 1696. Proteus bound with chains, or, A discovery of the secrets of nature which are found in the mercurial-weather-glass.	1688 (1688)	Wing S3857; ESTC R26242	48,104	164

North Latitude they have South Latitude The Anteci are those who dwell under opposite Parallels equally distant from the Equator towards both the Poles under the same Meridian but not in Points diametraliter opposed but in a Semi circle of the Meridian intercepted between the Poles They have these Phenomena proper to them First They agree in the same Longitude and Latitude for how much is the South Pole elevated to those so much is the North Pole elevated to these 2. In the same Moment of Time both of them have the Sun in their Meridian But in this they differ while the Sun is coming to the Tropick of Cancer those have Summer and longer Days but these have Winter and shorter Days Again when the Sun is returning those have Harvest the Days Decreasing but these have the Spring the Days Increasing Hence it is that the Sun doth not rise and set to both at the same time The Perieci are those who dwell under the same Parallel and Meridian but in Points of the same Parallel diametraliter opposite so that both of them behold the same Pole with equal height above the Horizon First They dwell in the same Zone Secondly They have the same Elevation of the same Pole. They have the same Winter the same Summer the same longest Day and the same increment and decrement of the Natural Days But here they differ those having the Sun rising these have it setting those having the Sun in the Meridian these have it at our Mid-night and contrariwise when to those the Sun is setting to these he is rising when to those it is Mid-night to these it is the Meridian CHAP. XI Of the Rising and Setting of the Stars according to the Poets HItherto we have treated of the Hypotheses to wit the Circles of the Sphere which so much conduce for explaining the Phenomena of the Primum Mobile It now remaineth that we speak and treat of the thing it self to wit the Phenomena themselves And in the entry we ought to have spoken of the rising and setting of the Stars called Ortus occasus stellarum Astronomicus but the knowledge of those things cannot be taught here compendiously nor without the Science of Spherical Trigonometry therefore passing this we come to explain the rising and setting of the Stars called Ortus occasus Poeticus which is the second Phenomenon of the Primum Mobile This rising and setting of the Stars according to the Poets is nothing else but the rising of a Star above the Horizon and the setting of a Star under it in relation to the various Position of it with the Sun. It is called Poetical not because it doth not belong to Astronomers for it is a part of their Science to determine those Risings and Settings but because the Poets in describing certain Seasons of the Year use this method as will be seen afterward Of this Poetical Rising and Setting there are three forms First That which is called the Rising and Setting of a Star Cosmice Secondly That which is called the Rising and Setting of a Star Acronyce Thirdly That which is called the Rising and Setting of a Star Heliace Each one of those hath a double signification one general the other special The Rising of a Star Cosmice generally taken is the Rising of a Star above the Horizon falling out from the Rising of the Sun to his Setting The Setting of a Star Cosmice generally taken is the Setting of a Star falling out from his Rising to his Setting The Rising of a Star Acronyce generally taken is the Rising of a Star above the Horizon falling out the whole time the Sun is under the Horizon The Setting of a Star Acronyce generally taken is the Setting of a Star under the Horizon falling out all the time the Sun is under the Horizon The Rising of a Star Heliace generally taken is the appearing of a Star after the Sun is Risen The Setting of a Star Heliace generally taken is the disappearing of a Star after the Sun is set But their special signification denotes and determines a certain and definite time Therefore the Rising of a Star Cosmice is the ascending of a Star above the Horizon in the same moment wherein the Sun Rises The Setting of a Star Cosmice is when a Star goes down while the Sun is Rising The Rising of a Star Acronyce is when a Star comes above the Horizon the Sun going down under the Horizon that same moment The Setting of a Star Acronyce is when a Star Sets with the Sun that same moment The Rising of a Star Heliace is when a Star which could not be seen by reason of its nearness to the Sun is now seen in the night time The Setting of a Star Heliace is when a Star by reason of the Suns great distance from it might have been seen in the night time but the Sun coming nearer to it it disappears out of our sight We have an Example of the Rising of a Star Cosmice in the first Book of the Georgicks Vere fabis satio tunc te quoque Medica putres Accipiunt sulci Milio venit annua cura Candidus auratis aperit cum Cornibus annum Taurus adverso cedens Canis occidit Astro. When Taurus with his gilded Horns Begins the Year then Sowe your Corns Sowe Millet-seed an yearly toil Sowe Claver-grass in putrid soil Sowe yearly Pulse and what you please Sowe in the Spring both Beans and Pease Virgil doth express here the Spring time when the Millet-seed is to be sown●… which is in the beginning of April An●… seing the Sun at that time is about th●… end of Aries it must be understood of the Rising of Taurus which at that time riseth with the Sun Cosmice At this time the Romans used to sowe their Beans their Claver-grass and their Millet which every year must be renewed whereas the Claver-grass is to be sown but once in ten years We have likewise an Example of the Setting of a Star Cosmice from that same place in Virgil. Ante tibi Eoae Atlantides abseondantur Gnosiaque ardentis decedat stella Coronae Debita quam sulcis committas semina When Pleiades the Maidens seven Are set into the Western-Heaven When Ariadnes Crown full bright Before the Sun comes in our sight Then sowe your Ground with Wheat and Rye 'T is of October eighteen day Before you sowe your Ground says he let the Pleiades or Seven-stars be set which about October 18 go down in the West in the same Moment of Time while the Sun is Rising in the East which is called Occasus Cosmicus We have an Example of the Rising of a Star Acronyce from Ovid in his first Book de Ponto Quatuor autumnos Pleias orta facit Four Harvests surely there have been For Pleias four times have been seen Ovid is here speaking of the Harvest time when the Sun is in Scorpio therefore when the Sun is Setting Taurus or the Bull and the Pleiades are

Rising Acronyce We have also an Example of the Setting of a Star Acronyce from the same Ovid in his second Book of his Fasts Illa nocte aliquis tollens ad sidera vultus Dicet ubi est hodie quae Lyra fulsit heri Last Night when I surveyed the Sky saw the Harp 't is gone away This Night This time is the second day of Fe●…uary at which time the Constellation ●…lled the Harp sets Acronyce with the ●…u We have likewise an Example of the Rising of a Star Heliace from the first Book of the Georgicks Gnosiaque ardentis decedat stella Coronae When Ariadnes Crown full bright Before the Sun comes in our sight 'T is eviden●… that Virgil speaks here of the Rising of this Constellation Heliace called Aridnes Crown when the Sun is in the beginning of Scorpio For seing this Constellation rises at Rome where Virgil lived with the 27 Degree of Virgo it is needful to conceive this Crown to be seen in the Morning the Sun being yet under the Horizon Note That there is a Figure called Hypallage in the word Decedat for the Crown doth not recede from the Sun but the Sun from it And lastly We have an Example of the Setting of a Star Heliace from the same place of Virgil. Taurus adverso cedens Canis occidit Astro. And when the Dog shall disappear By Phebus Beams him coming near The Poet is here speaking of the Suns ingress into Taurus which fell out in Virgils time on the 1●… of April But seing the Dog-star sets at Rome with the 22 Degree of Taurus therefore the Sun setting in the Evening the Dog-star setteth Heliace or disappears out of our sight by reason of the Suns Rays which now are nearer him Observe That what Stars do arise Cosmice which is also called Ortus Matutinus they set Acronyce which is called Occasus Vespertinus and what Stars do arise Acronyce which is called Ortus Vespertinus they set Cosmice which is called Occasus Matutinus according to the following Rhyme Cosmice descendit signum quod Chronice surgit Chronice descendit signum quod Cosmice surgit Aliter Mane vehit supra terram tibi Cosmicus ortus Sidera sed Phoebi lumine tecta latent Mane dat Heliacus quaedam subvecta videre Astra sed Achronycus nocte videnda trahit Note secondly That the word Cosmicus comes from Kosmos the World. That the word Chronicus comes from the Greek word Chronos Time. But Acronycus comes from Acra Nux which is the first part of the Night or the Evening Twilight That Heliacus comes from Helios the Sun. Lastly That Chronice and Acronyce have the same signification CHAP. XII Concerning the Natural and Artificial Days NOw follows another Phenomenon of the Primum Mobile to wit the Doctrine of Days Natural and Artificial Days are twofold Astronomical and Civil Astronomical Days are such as are measured by the Revolutions of the Equinoctial and determined by a certain quantity Days Civil are such as every Nation according to their own Custom make use of The Astronomical Day is either Natural or Artificial The Natural Astronomical Day is a space of time wherein the Sun by the Motion of the Primum Mobile being carried about from whatsoever immovable point of the Heavens returns to that same point again These Astronomical Days have their beginning in the Meridian as was insinuate before The Artificial Astronomical Day is a Space of Time wherein the Center of the Sun remains above the Horizon And the Artificial Night is as much Time as the Center of the Sun remains under the Horizon The Doctrine of the Artificial Days and Nights is contained in the following Theorems 1. The Artificial Days and Nights with the Amphiscii Heteroscii and partly with the Periscii are parts of the Natural Day but with the Periscii in those parts of the Earth wherein the Sun by the going about of the Primum Mobile perfects some Circumgyrations either above the Horizon without setting or under the Horizon without rising one Artificial Day or one Artificial Night doth excresce into many Natural Days so that indeed under the Poles the Artificial Day contains half a Year and the Artificial Night as much and so to speak properly the whole Year consists but of one Day men looking to the Analogy of the Natural Day 2. Under a Right Sphere the Artificial Day is equal to the Night for the Horizon in this Position of the Sphere cuts the Circuli Dierum the Day-Circles into two equal parts The Day-Circles are called those Parallels of the Equator which the Sun doth dayly describe by the Motion of the Primum Mobile 3. In an Oblique Sphere there are only twice a Year two Equinoxes when the Sun is in the beginning of Aries and Libra The Reason of this appears from the mutual Section of the Horizon with the Circuli Dierum or Day-Circles which is indeed unequal except when the Sun is in the Equinoctial 4. In an Oblique Sphere which hath the vicissitude of the Artificial and Natural Day by one Revolution of the Equator the Sun being in the. Tropick of Cancer we are now speaking of this uppermost part of the Sphere we have the longest Day in all the Year and the shortest Night but the Sun being in the Winter Solstice the Day is shortest and the Night longest 5. In the same Position of the Sphere thorow the whole half of the Ecliptick descending the Sun maketh the following Days shorter than the Days going before but the Nights longer But in the half of the Ecliptick ascending the Sun maketh the Days following longer than the Days going before but the Nights shorter 6. When the Sun is existing in places of the Ecliptick equally distant from the same Solstitial Point Days are equal to Days and Nights to Nights 7. When the Sun is existing in places of the Ecliptick equally distant from the same Equinoctial Point the Day of one Place is equal to the Night of another 8. In an Oblique Position of the Sphere the greater the Elevation of the Pole is the greater are the increments of the longest Day and shortest Night until coming under the Polars the longest Day contains twenty and four Hours 9. In an Oblique Sphere of such as dwell between the Polar and next Pole the longest Day excresceth into many Natural Days as also the longest Night But there are certain intermediat Horary Circles a part of which is above the Horizon and a part under in which when the Sun is existing the Artificial Days as also the Nights are parts of the Natural Day 10. In a Parallel Sphere such as they have who live under the Poles the whole Year is divided into one Artificial Day and one Artificial Night The length of every Artificial Day is known by the Diurnal and Nocturnal Arch. First find the Oblique Ascension or Point of the Equinoctial which riseth with the Sun and Oblique Descension or Point of the Equinoctial