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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34614	Remarks of the government of severall parts of Germanie, Denmark, Sweedland, Hamburg, Lubeck, and Hansiactique townes, but more particularly of the United Provinces with some few directions how to travell in the States dominions : together with a list of the most considerable cittyes in Europe, with the number of houses in each citty / written by Will. Carr ...	Carr, William, 17th cent.	1688 (1688)	Wing C636; ESTC R5052	66,960	226

of the Commonwealth They have also a Chamber in the East-Indie Companie as shal be more largely spoken to when we shal com to treat of the State of the said Companie From Delph you may by boat be brought to the Hague for 2 Stivers and an halfe Which is accounted the fairest Village in the world both for Pompous buildings and the largenes thereof Here the Princes of Orange hold their Residence as also the States General and the Councel of State Here you have the Courts of Justice Chancerie and other Courts of Law. Here you see that Great Hall in which many Hundreds of coulers are hung up in Trophie taken from the Emperor Spaniard and other Potentates with whom they have waged war. There Councel Chambers are admired by all that see them Many faire Libraries they have belonging to particular men The Princes Pallace is a most superb building And there are many costlie Gardins adjoyning to the Hague together with that to the Princes house in the Woad in which house are in a large Hall the most rare and costly Pictures of Europe there also are those magnificent and unparalled Gardins of the Heer Bentham of Amesland and others I might here speak of the splendor of the Prince of Orange his Court of his noble virtues and valour of the most virtuous and Beautiful Princesse his royal consort but I dare not least I should infinitely fal short of what ought to be and which others have alreadie don before me and therfore leaving the Hague I shal onely tel you that from thence you may for 7 Stivers have a boat to bring you to Leyden Leyden is a faire and great citie and the Universitie is verie famous beeing frequented by 1000 of Students from all parts as Hungarie Poland Germanie yea from the Ottomans Empire it self who pretend to be grecians besides the English Scots and Irish who this years were numbred to be above 80. The most remarkable things here to be seen I shal summarilie set down As the place called the Bergh formerly a Castle belonging to the Prince of Liege in Flanders The Stathowse the Vniversitie Schooles specially that of the Anatomie which excels all the Anatomie Schooles in the world a Book of the rarities whereof you may have for 6 Stivers their Physick Garden and the Professors Closet are al ravishing in rare Curiosities But as to their Colledges they are but two and verie small not to be compared with the smallest Hals in Oxford neither have they any endowments their maintenance being onely from the charitable collections of the Ministers of Holland neyther are any Students to remain longer there then til they attain the degree of Batchelers of Art One of the Curators beeing demaunded by me why so rich a Commonwealth as Holland is did not build and endow Colledges after the manner of Oxford and Cambridge answered they had not so many able and publick spirited men as are in England and to deal plainly with you said he had we such Colledges our Burgemasters and Magistrates would fil them with their own and their friends sons who by leading a lazie and idle life would never becom capable to serve the Common-wealth and therefore he judged it much better to put them to Pension in Burgers howses leaveing them to the care of the Professors who are verie diligent in keeping the Students at their exercises both at Publick lectures and in their private howses also where they cause them Punctually at their appointed houres to come to their examinations and lectures besides those they have in Publick Their churches are rare so are the walks round the citie and the fortifications verie pleasing to behold Here you have the River Rhine running through the citie and falling into it from Catwyckop Zee Leyden is verie famous in historie for the long Siege it held out against the Spaniard From hence for twelve stivers and an half you are brought to Harlem by water being twelve English miles Harlem is famous in that Costor one of their Burgers first invented the Art of Printing This Costor beeing suspected to be a Conjurer was fain to flee from Harlem to Cologne in Germany and there Perfected his Invention having in Harlem onely found out the way of printing on one side of the Paper The first book he ever printed is kept in the Stathouse for those that are curious to see it Here is one of the fairest and largest Churches of the 17 Provinces in the wals whereof there remain to this day sticking canon Bullets shot by the Spaniards during the Siege thereof In this Church are three Organs as also the model of the three Ships that sayled from Harlem to Damiater seasing the Castle in which the Earl of Holland was kept prisoner and brought him away to Holland In the Tower of this Church hang two silver be●s which they also brought from thence and now ring them everie night at nine a clock Harlem is renowned for making the finest linnen cloth Tyfinies Dammasks and silk Stufs also Ribands and Tapes They have Mils by which they can weave fortie and 50 Pieces at a time they make the finest white thread and Tapes for lace in the whole world there Bleacheries surpas al other whatsoever their waters whitening cloath better then any in the seventeen Provinces They have a most pleasant grove like a little Wood divided into Walks where on Sondays and holly dayes the Citisens of Amsterdam and other places come to take their pleasure Harlem is the second citie of Holland and sends in Deputies unto all the Colledges of the Gouvernment From hence you have a passage by boat to Amsterdam for six stivers but when you are come half way you must step out of one boat to goe into another where you see a Stately Pallace where the Lords called Dykgraves sit Everie one of these Lords hath his Apartment when he coms for the concerns of the Sea-dykes and bancks here are also 2 large Sluces having gates to let in or out water from the Harlemmer Meer Near this place about Ano 1672 a part of the Seabanck was broken by a strong Northwest wind drowning all the land betwixt Amsterdam and Harlem which cost an incredible vast sum to have it repaired They sunck in this breach 400 smal vessels fild with earth and stones for a foundation to rebuild the wel upon and by unspeakable industrie and charges at last repaired the Banck I come now to speak of Amsterdam which having bin the place of my abode for several years I shal give a more large and punctual account thereof then I doe of other places It is esteemed by Intelligent men the second citie in the world for trade and not inferiour to any in wealth Certainly Amsterdam is one of the beautifullest cities in the world their buildings are large their streets for the most part pleasantly planted with trees paved so neatly as is to be found no where els in any other Countrie save in some

wonders now and than Here lyes a Lawyer an honestman And trully old Ben was in the right for in my tyme I have observed some Gentlemen of that profession that have not Acted like St. Evona or Justice Randal I wil say no more of them but wish them as great fees and as much encouragement as the Lawyers have in Switserland I now come to speake some thing of the three Taxes I mentioned in the former part of my remarques on Taxes of which the first ought rather to be called an usefull and publique invention like to that of the Insurance Office in London then a publick Tax seeing no man needs contribute to it unless they please and find his profit by it but the other may be called Taxes because the subjects are obliged to submit to them but then they are so easy that what the Publick gets thereby not only lessons Extraordinary subsidies which many tymes occasions clamour when because of their raritie and the urgencie of occasions they must needs be great Yet it is sufficently compensated by the advantage and securitie in the Estates which private persons who are obliged to pay it reape thereby dayly I am confident that if the King and Parlement thought fit to introduce some or all three of these taxes into England the publick charge of Goverment might be defrayed with more ease and with less repining and clamour then when it must be done by new and high Impositions how ever our Governers are the proper Judges of that The first then is an House called the merchants Bank which is governed by diverse Commissioners Clarks and Booke keepers likewise a Essaymaster who Judgeth of the Gould and Silver that at any tyme is brought into the Bank uncoyned the security given for preservation thereof are the States and Magistrates of Amsterdam Now if you have a mind to put money into the Bank suppose a 1000 L. less or more you must goe to the Clarks and ask a folio for your name and then pay in your money at three or foure per cent according as the rate of the Bank money is high or low or you may buy it of those called Cashiers or Broakers then get the Clarks to set downe in the folio what you bring in haveing done so you may draw this summe or sell it in what parcels you please but then if you let your money lye seven yeares in the Bank you receive no Intrest for the same If you aske where then is the advantage for the Merchants I answer first you have your money ready at all tymes for answering bills of Exchange and making other payments you are at no charge for baggs or portage at no loss by false tale or bad money in no danger of Thieves or unfaithfull servants or fire and above all you have the accounts of your cash most punctually and Justly kept without any trouble or runing the risk of Gouldsmith or Cashieres breaking in your Debt for such is their care that twice a yeare or some tymes oftner they shut up the Bank for 14 dayes and then all that have concerns therein must bring in their accounts to the Clarkes who a few dayes after haveing viewed the Bookes aquaint such as have brought in wrong accounts with their mistakes desiring them to returne to their bookes and rectifie their Error not telling them wherein the mistake lyes so that I have knowne Merchants in my tyme sent back three or foure tymes with their wrong accounts but if they begin to grow Impatient and say that they will stand to their accounts then they pay a mulct to the Clarkes upon their Covincing them of their mistakes either by chargeing to much upon the Bank or forgetting or omitting what was their due I knew two Merchants who haveing forgott the one 750 L. and the other 220 L. in their accounts were honestly rectified by the Clarkes so that they susstained no loss besides this care of the Clarkes in keeping and Stating the accounts the bank is obliged for five L. a yeare to send to every Merchant that desires it their accounts every morning before Exchange tyme of the moneyes written of by them in the Bank the day before upon any Merchants account and what summes are written of by others upon their accounts so that the Merchants may compare the Banks notes with their bookes and so save much of the charges of Booke kee Now if it be objected that though this be an advantage to the Merchants yet what can the Publick gaine thereby seeing the Charges of paying Officers Clarks c. must needs be very considerable I answer that indeed it is a mystery to those who understand not the thing but if it were once known and practised the advantage of it would appeare For among other things which might be said The Magistrates of the Citty take out of the Merchants Bank a Sufficent stock of money to supply the Lumbert a Banck that Lends out money and is Governed by 4 Commissioners chosen out of the Magistrates who sitt in Court every day in the Lumbert which is a large pile of Building 300 foot long containing several Chambers and magazines under one Roof in these several Chambers the Commissioners have Officers sitting tolend money upon all sorts of Goods even from a paires of shooes to the richest Jewell c. This is a great convenicence for Poore people yea for Merchants also who some tymes may want money to pay a bill of Exchange and prevents the Cheatting and Extraordinary Extortion used by the Pawne brokers in England France and other Countryes And besides the Poore have their Pawns safely and well preserved neither are they punctually sould when the yeare is out or denied under the pretext of being mislaid as the Poore are often tymes served by the wicked Pawn broakers There is also another convenience in this Lumbert viz an Exellent way they have of discovering Thieves and the stollen goods They publish two generall open sales of the Goods pawnd twice a yeare that such as will may redeeme their goods and paying the Intrest may have them although the time be relapsed Thus much as to the Lumbert I was once according to my duty to waite upon our present King at the Bank of Merchants where shewing his Majestie the way of keeping the Journall Book of the Bank which is of a prodigious bigness his Majestie was Extreamly pleased with the Contrivance of preserveing it from fire saying that the course they tooke might be of great use for the preserving Patents and the deeds of Noblemens Estates This contrivance which perhaps may be thought usefull or imitable I shall therefore discribe it It is a large firestone shaped like a Chest and set upright in a stone wall having a large brass doore of a Vast thicknes with flops to fall over and Cover the Lock and Hinges into this chest the Booke is drawn upon Rouls it being of such a Bulk and waight as cannot be handed in by a

les then the Vniversal Empire and that how formidable soever he were yet they not onely maintained their pretensions but with uninterrupted prosperitie and succesfulnesse advanced their trade and spread their conquests in all the foure parts of the world Rome it self though most famous and victorious yet could not as is believed in so short a time do what by this Commonwealth hath bin effected In India and Affrica they soon forced the Spaniard and Portugeses to yeeld to them most of their trade and posessions And tho England put in for a share yet they were a long while vigourously opposed by the Dutch and to this hour have enough to do to keep what they have gotten so that in lesse then an hundred years this Commonwealth by their industrie and art in trading are becom so excessive rich and potent that they began to insult and would needs be Arbitraters to their neighbouring Princes and States and encroach upon their Territories and Dominions This drew upon them that fatal war before mentioned by which they were sorely weakned and brought so low that except God by a more then ordinarie Providence had protected and appeared for them they had certainly bin ruinated and never able to recover themselves again however their pride hereby was much abated And as Luxurie and lasciviousnes are the sad effects of prosperitie as wel as Pride so such vices in a bodie Politick and Common-wealth as do corrupt the radical humors by abating the vigour of the Vital parts doe insensiblie tend to the consumption and decay of the whole That this Commonwealth hath much recovered its strength may clearly appeare if we consider what great things they have effected since the little time they have enjoyed peace They have in lesse then 7 yeares built about 40 gallant ships of war They have laid out vast sums of treasure in refortifying Narden Mastricht Breda the Grave and many other places They have payd vast sums of money to their Allies for their auxiliarie troopes as also 200000 pound sterling to the King of England to Enjoy their peace with him And besides all this their Encrease in Riches and power may be guest at by the many stately houses built within these 5 years in Amsterdam Rotterdam and other places to all which we may ad to what excessive hight the Actions of the East and West-Indie Companie are risen and the obligations from the Sates are so esteemed as to securitie that they Can get as much money as they please at 2 Per cent not to speak of the Exceeding encrease of their subjects occasioned by the French Kings tyrannie against the distressed Protestants in France Alsace and other parts of his Conquests neither wil we speak of other signes of the encrease of this Commonwealth as not Judging it convenient to commit them to paper but wil now proceed to shew the Method of Living and travelling in the Dominions and places of the States which if you do wel consider you May see how happie and easie the Government of England is above that of other Nations The Brill in Holland is the Usual place where the Packet and Kings pleasure boats bring on such as come for to see the United Provinces here be sure to furnish your self wel with money From hence you take a boat to Maseland Sluce or Rotterdam which if you goe in Companie with others wil only cost you 5 stivers but if you take one for your self wil cost 25. stivers for Maseland Sluce and a Ducaton to Rotterdam The Fifth part of which goes to the States for a tax they call Passagie Gelt and the other 4 parts are for the boat Men or Shippers who also out of their gaines must Pay a tax to the States so that by computation you pay a fift pennie to the States for your travelling either in boats by water or in waggons by land As you passe by Maseland Sluce you 'l see a verie faire fishing village to which belong near two hundred Herring Buisses but if you goe by the way of Rotterdam you sail by two old Townes Called Flardin and Schiedam yet let me advise you before you depart from the Bril to take a serious view of it as beeing the citie which in Queen Elisabeths time was one of the Cautionarie Townes pawned to England The Brill had a voyce among the States but by reason Rotterdam hath got away their Trade by which having lost its former lustre is now become afishing town onely Rotterdam is the second Citie for trade in Holland and by some is caled little London as having vast traffick with England in so much that many of the citisens speak good English There are in this citie two considerable Churches of English and Scotch and how great a trade they drive with the King of Englands subjects is evident for in the yeare 1674 at the opening of the waters after a great frost there departed out of Rotterdam 300 Sail of Englesh Scotch and Irish Ships at once with an Easterly wind And if a reason should be demanded how it coms to passe that so many English Ships should frequently com to that haven It is easilie answered because they can ordinarily Load and unload and make returns to England from Rotterdam before a Ship can get clear from Amsterdam and the Texel And therfore your English Merchants find it Cheaper and more commodious for trade that after their goods are arrived at Rotterdam to send their goods in boats Landward in to Amsterdam This citie is famous as beeing the place where Great Erasmus was born whose Statue of Brasse stands erected in the Market place And although the buldings here are not so superb as those of Amsterdam Leyden or Harlem yet the places worth the seeing are first the Great Church where Several Admirals Lay Stately Entombed here you see their Admiralitie East Indie and Stathouses together with that caled het Gemeen Lands Huis From Rotterdam you may for 5 strivers have a boat to bring you to Delph but before you com thither you passe thro a faire village called Overschie where the French and English youths are trayned up in litterautre as to the Latin and Dutch tongue Booke keeping c from thence in the same boat you com to Delph which is famous for making of Porceline to that degree that it much resembles the China but onely it is not transparent In Delph is the great Magasin of Arms for the whole Province of Holland Their churches are verie large in one of which are Tombs of the Princes of Orange Admiral Tromp and General Morgans Ladie and in the Cloyster over against the Church you have an Inscription in a Pillar of Brasse shewing after what manner William the 1 that famous Prince of Orange was Shot to death by a miscreant Jesuist with his deserved punishment Delph hath the 3 d voyce in the States of Holland and sends its Deputies unto the Colledge of the States General and to all other colledges

methodes they have in building preserveing their Shipps when built but I shall refer you to that Exellent peece written by the Heer Witsen on that subject And shall now in the next place say some thing of their famous Company called the East-India Company of the Netherlands This Company is said to be a Commonwealth within a Commonwealth it is true if you consider the Soveraigne Power Priviledges they have granted them by the States General likewise consider their riches Vast Number of subjects the many Territories Colonies they possess in the East-Indies they are said to have 30000 men in constant pay above 200 Capital Shipps besides Sloopes Catches Yachts This Company hath by their Politick contrivances sedulons Industry possessed themselves of many Colonies formerly belonging unto the Spaniards Portugeeses diverse Indian Princes as good Christians have been at great Charge in Planting the Gospel of Christ in many parts there Printing in the Indian Language Bibles Prayer Bookes Catechismes for the Instruction of the Indians maitaineing Ministers Schoolemasters to inform those that are converted to the Christian faith And now because I have said that this Company is so considerable as it were a Commonwealth apart I will demonstrate it to be so first by their power Riches strength in the Indies secondly what figure they make in Europe this verie briefly for if I should speake of every particular as to their posessions in the Indies it would swell into many Volumes But I will only begin with them at the Cape of de Bonne Esperance where they have built a Royall Fort in which they maintaine a Garrison of souldiers to defend their Shipps which come there to take in fresh Water from thence let us take a view of them in the Iland of Java where they have built a faire City called Battavia fortified it with Bastions after the Mode of Amsterdam This City is the place of Residence of their grand Minister of State called the General of the Indies he hath allowed him 6 Privie Councellers in Ordinary 2 extraordinary These governe the concernes of the Company throughout the Indies They make peace war send ther Ambassadors to all parts thereof as occasion requireth This General hath his Guards of Horse Foot all sorts of Officers servants as if he were a soveraigne Prince the whole Expence whereof is defraied out of the Companys stock This General hath much of the Direction of Bantam and other parts of the Iland of Java From whence let us take a view of them in their great possessions in the Moluceas Ilands those of Banda where they are become so formidable that they looke as if they aimed at the soveraingtye of the Southseas They have also a great Trade in China Japan from whence let us return to the Ilands of Sumatra on the coast of Bengale where they have several Lodges In Persia they have likewise great Commerce are so considerable that they wage war with that mighty Monarch if he wrongs them in their trade They also have several Colonies Lodges on the coast of Malabar Cormandel in the Country of the Great Magul King of Galcanda But principally let us behold them in the rich Iland of Zylon where they are Masters of the plaine Country so that the Emperor or King of that Iland is forced to live in the Mountains whilst this Company possess the City of Colomba other the most considerable Garrisons of that Iland It is said that the Company hath there in their pav 3600 Souldiers at least 300 Gunus planted in their Forts Garrisons In a word they are not only masters of the Cinamon but of all other Spices except Pepper that they would also have had it bin for their Intrest to Ingrosse but they wisely fore saw that the English would be a Block in their way therefore they contented themselves to be masters the Mace Cynamon Cloves and Nutmegs with which they not only serve Europe but many places in the Indies I will say no more of them in the Indies But let us see what figure they make in Europe And first to begin with them in Amsterdam where they have two large Stately Palaces one being in the ould part of the City and the other in the new In that of the ould part of the City they keep their Court and there sits the Resident Committie of the Company where alsoe they make the sales of the Company goods There for six yeares the grand Councel or assembly of the 17 doe meet and after six yeares are expired the grand Councel of the 17 doe assemble at Middelburg in Zealand for two yeares and then againe returne to Amsterdam The other lesser Chambers of Delph Rotterdam Horne and Enchusen never haveing the assembly of the 17 in their Chambers so that only Amsterdam and Zealand have the honour of that grand Councel I will therefore crave leave to describe unto you the Chamber of Amsterdam it being the most Considerable of the Chambers belonging to this famous Company In there house or Palace within the ould City are many large Offices or appartments as first on the Lower Floor is their Parlement Chamber where the 17 doe sit Next to this Chamber are several faire Chambers for the Committes to sit in They have also a Chamber of Audience where they do receive Princes or Ambassadors or other great men as have occasion to speak with them In one of these Chambers are the Armes of several Indian Princes they have Conquered On the same Floor is their Tresury Office where their Receivers sit and receive money and pay out the orders or assignments of the Company Neer ●o that Chamber sits their grand Minister the Heer Peter van Dam who is said to be a Second John de Wit for parts but he hath not one drop of John de Wits or Lovestine bloud against the good Prince of Orange This great minister is a man of Indefaigable Industry and labor night and day in the Companyes service He reads over twice the great Journal Bookes which come from the Indies and out of them makes minets to prepare matters of concerne necessary to be considered by the grand Councel of the 17 and by the Inferiour Committes of the Company and prepares Instructions and orders to be sent to their Chief Ministers in the Indies I could say many more things of his great worth and Virtues but shall forbeare least I should be Judged a flatterer Overagainst this great Ministers Office sitt in a Chamber many Clarkes or under Secretaryes who receive from this Minister their Ordrs of dispatches in the affaires of Company and next to this Chamber is a Register Office where are kept the Journal bookes of the Indies where you may see the names of al the men and women that have ever served the Company in the Indies with