both the external parts of the Abdomen as all the Conspicuous Veins which are wont to be opened by Chirurgeons and the places where Issues are wont to be made are Represented A. The Hypochondrium B. The Epigastrium CC. The Hypogastrium D. The Flanks EE The Groins F. The Region of the Share G. The Navil H. The Heart-pit I. The jugulum or hollow of the Throat K. The Forehead Vein L. The Temple Veins M. The jugular Vein N. The Cephalica Vena O. The Basilica Vena P. The Mediana or common Vein Q. The Head vein of the left Arm. R. The Salvatella SSSS The Saphâ—na Vein descending T. The Saphaena Vein in the Foot it self V. The 〈…〉 Sciatica XX 〈…〉 of Issues in 〈…〉 in the Thigh before page 1. THE FIRST BOOK OF THE Lower Belly ACcording to the Method of Anatomy this belly or cavity comes in the first place and is first of all dissected that the Guts and Excrements may be the sooner removed and the Body preserved from putrifaction It is all that which is distinguished within from the Chest by the Midrif it is circumscribed by the sword-like Gristle the Share bones Hip-bones Os Sacrum the Vertebra's of the Loynes and the bastard Ribs on either side The former part thereof is called Epigastrium which compasses the stomach and guts next unto it The Arabians call it Mirath which generally is used for the Belly but in a particular sence it is taken for those wrinkles of the belly which remain after child-bearing and for the skin gathered together upon the belly as Giggejus informs us And the upper part hereof is termed Hypochondrium neighbouring upon the lower gristles of the Ribs and it is right or left some term them Phrenes and Praecordia The middle Region is termed Regio umbilicalis whose lateral parts Aristotle calls Lagonas by reason of their Laxity and Galen Cenenâ—nas from their emptyness The lower part which reaches from the Navil to the Share is termed Hypogastrium by Hypocrates Galen Ruffus Pollux the Latins term it Imus venter and Aqualiculus The lateral parts thereof are termed Ilia and in the bending of the thigh by the Share Inguina the Groyns and that part next over the Privities which is covered with Down or Hair is called Pâ—bes the Share The hinder part of the lower Belly is either the upper which makes the Loynes or the lower which makes the Buttocks Moreover this Belly consists of parts covering and covered that is to say External and Internal The covering or Containing parts which they properly call Abdomen are either common as the Scarf-skin the Skin the Fat with its Membrane the fleshy Pannicle and the Coat proper to every Muscle or proper and they are the Muscles of the Abdomen 〈…〉 the Peritonaeum The inner or contained parts do serve either for Nutrition or Procreation For Nutrition or making of Chyle are subservient more or less the Stomach the Caul the Sweet-bread the Guts with the Mesentery to the making of Blood are subservient more or less the Meseraick Veins the Venae portae with their Roots the Cava with its Roots the Liver the Gall-bladder the Gall-passage the Spleen with the Vas breve and the Haemorrhoides the Arteria Caeliaca the Kidneys the Capsulae Atrabiliariae or black choler boxes the Ureters and the Piss bladder Those which serve for Generation are either Masculine or Female the Masculine are the Spermatick Vessels the Corpora Varicosa or Parastatae the Stones the carrying Vessels the Prostratae the Seminary bladders the Yard c. The Female are the Spermatick Vessels the Corpus Varicosum the Testicles the Ejaculatory Vessels the Womb with its parts c. But when a Man is in the Womb there are yet other things considerable as the Navil-vessels the coats which infold the Child c. of which in their place CHAP. I. Of the Scarf-Skin THe Cuticula or Scarf-skin in Greek Epidormis is by some called the highest or last skin also the cream of the skin the cover of the skin c. It is a thin skin void of life and sense close-compacted bloodless bred of Oyly sleek and clammy vapors thickned by the external cold that it might be a cover to the skin The Matter of which the Scarf-skin is made is not seed For 1. It is no part of the Body 2. It is not nourished 3 A Spermatical part taken away breeds not again but the scarf-skin is easily lost by rubbing and wearing or being raised into blisters by burning with Fire or scalding Water c. Nor is the matter thereof Blood For 1. All Veins do end at or within the skin 2. It hath no spermatical Fibres whiâ—â—â—asis of all sanguine parts 3. In long â—aâ—tin and Consumptions it many times grows thick 4. Being cut or torne it sends forth no Blood 5. It is not of a red color c. Nor are the Excrements of any Digestion the matter thereof Not the Excrements of the first or second digestion for how should it be made of Dung Urin or Gall Nor the Excrements of the third For the third Digestion or Concoction hath a threefold Excrement 1. Vaporous and thin which Expires 2. Thin but more solid then the former of a waterish substance such as are Ichors and Wheyish humors which by their sharpness and Acrimony would sooner hinder the Generation of the Scarf-skin or corrode the same after it is generated 3. Thick Clammy and sticking fast which Archangelus and Laurentius do suppose to be dried and turned into the Scarf-skin and they demonstrate the same from the filth which is in bathing scraped from the foles of the Feet And if their opinion were true the Scarf-skin would come off in Baths And therefore the matter thereof is another Excrement viz. an Oyly Thick Clammy and moist vapor for of dry Exhalations the Hair is made proceeding from the Skin and Members under the same So we see in a Skillet of Water-gruel a Skin grows over the top of the Gruel being mad of the vapors thereout ascending condensed by cold Now the Scarf-skin is bred partly in the womb with the Skin and partly without the Womb. Within For 1. So there are the rudiments and beginnings of Hair Teeth Nails in the Child in the Womb 2. Without the Scarf-skin the skin would be moist and the Humor would sweat out with pain as in gallings and where Phoenigmi are applied 3. Experience shews that the Scarf-skin is somewhat apparent in an Abortion and may be separated by some fretting Humidity But whiles the Child is in the Womb it is exceeding tender soft and but as yet begun to be made because there is not in the Womb so much cold only a small degree springing from the serous humor which surrounds the Child But it receives its Complement and perfection without the Womb from the coldness of the Air which doth more condense and dry which is the Cause
and with very many Vessels variously interwoven whose proper flesh is as it were congealed blood shed round about the Vessels 2. In the Spleen there are very many textures of the Vessels and infinite Anastomoses Now there are no where such textures and plications or foldings of the Vessels save for a new elaboration as may be seen in the Brain Liver Stones Duggs c. 3. It appears from the Scituation of the Ramus splenicus which is far beneath the Liver out of the Trunk of Vena porta where part of the Chymus is attracted or of the Chyle which hath some disposition towards blood If therefore it receives matter there of which blood is made why therefore shall not the Spleen make blood 4. Nature is wont either to double the Parts of the Body and set one on each side as appears in the Kidneys Stones Lungs Duggs Organs of the Senses c. or if she makes only one she is wont to place it in the middle as the Heart Stomach Womb Bladder Nose Tongue Mouth c. Therefore the Spleen must needs be another Liver 5. Diseases of the Spleen as well as of the Liver do hurt Blood-making or Sanguification 6. Somtimes the Situation of the Liver is changed so that it is in the left side and the Spleen on the right 7. The Liver failing and growing less the Spleen is augmented and assists the Liver as is known by many Examples whence the Spleen hath been often seen in Dissections to be greater and redder then the liver 8. T is unlikely that so many Arteries enter into the Spleen for the sake of Excrements but rather to digest concoct thick Blood that so by contrary thinness the stubborn thinness of the said Blood may be overcome 9. In a Child in the Womb the Spleen is red as is the Liver by reason of the cause aforesaid 10. Such as the Diseases of the Liver are such in a manner are those of the Spleen 11. And the Diseases of the Spleen and Liver are cured well near with the self same Remedies 12. If Authorities are of force enter Aristotle in the 3. Book of the Parts of living Creatures Chap. 7. where he saith that the Liver and Spleen are of a like Nature also that the Spleen is as it were an adulterate Liver and where the Spleen is very little there the Liver is Bipartite or of two parts and that all parts in the Body almost are double Plato calls the Spleen an express image of the Liver Others call it the Livers Vicar the left Liver c. The Author of the Book touching the use of Respiration hath confirmed this as also Apbrodisaeus Araeteus and others Archangelus makes another use of the Spleen to be to make more plenty of Blood If any shall demand To what â—nd serves the Blood which the Spleen makes Some conceive it serves to the same end with that of the liver viz. to nourish the whole body and to assist the liver But he was of Opinion that this was not done save when necessity requires in some defect or Disease of the Liver But he conceives that ordinarily the Spleen is an Organ to make blood to nourish the Bowels of the lower Belly as the Stomach Guts Call Mesentery Sweet-bread c. and that the Spleen it self is nourished with some portion of the said Blood and sends the rest to the parts of the body And he conceives that the liver makes blood for the rest of the parts especially the musculous parts And he proves it 1. Because the bowels of the lower Belly receive their nourishment from the Vena splenica or from the branches yssueing therefrom namely from the branches of Vena portâ— only and not from the Vena cava 2. Because those bowels are thick more earthy and base And such as the like parts are not found in the body besides and therefore these parts stood in need to receive such blood from the Spleen 3. And therefore the liver is greater because it makes blood for the whole body besides The Spleen less because it makes blood only for the lower Belly save when in cases of necessity it is forced to help the Liver 4. In Dogs the Spleen is long and thin because the Parts or Bowels of the lower Belly are smaller in a Dog and less wreathed and folded then in a Man 5. There is an evident difference between the Fat bred in the musculous Parts or those which are nourished by the Vena cava and that dirty and soon puâ—rifiing Fat which is bred in the lower Belly as in the Cal Guts Mesentery c. Hence arise so many Putrefactions in the mesenterick Parts And by how much an Humor is thicker as is the muddie Fat we speak of so much the sooner it putrifies As the dreggie fat doth sooner then the Fat in musculous parts So the Blood of the Spleen is more disposed to Putrefaction then that of the liver and this then the blood of the right Ventricle of the Heart Moreover the blood of the Arteries is less subject to Putrefaction then any of the former and the Spirit least of all 6 He believes this to be a most strong Argument that where a part is found having the substance of the Bowels there also there are Veins from the Vena portae or the branches of the Spleen but where a part is consisting of musculous flesh there are Veins which have their Original from Vena cava as appears in the Intestinum rectum in which by reason of its twofold substance Nature hath placed two sorts of Veins In the musculous Part there are the external Haemorrhoid Veins which arise from the Cava In the â—owellie or guttie substance there are veins from the Vena portae These and such like Reasons prevailed with my Father of pious Memory to prove that the Spleen drew Chymus by the Ramus spenicus Which Opinion was at that time embraced by most Anatomists as Varolus Posthius Jessenus Platerus Baubinus Sennertus and Riolanus in his first Anthropographia But that Age deserves excuse as being ignorant of what Posterity hath since found out For the milkie veins discovered by Asellius do shew that no Chyle thick or thin is drawn by the Mesaraick Veins or carried any whether but by the milkie Veins only to the Liver and not to the Spleen Moreover a Ligature in live Dissections declares that nothing is carried through the Mesaraicks to the Spleen but contrariwise from the Spleen to the Mesaraicks Yet I allow thus much to the foresaid reasons that there is a certain Generation of Blood made in the Spleen by the manner hereafter to be explained not of Chyle which hath here no Passages but of Arterial Blood sent from the Heart Hofmaannus and Spigelius bring the dreggie part of the Chyle through the mesaraick Veins unto the Spleen that it may be there concocted into Blood Who are in the same fault For the Arteries are ordained to carry blood to
is a passage through the Navil into the Belly Alpinus reports that the Aegyptians cure a bloody Flux by thrusting their Fingers into the Patients Navil and turning it divers times about Dung came out of the Navil of a Student and Worms like Earth-worms with quittor came out of the Navil of a Boy according to the Observation of Salmuth Tulpius saw quittor which Nature sent from the Chest come out at the Navil and Folius found Stones bred here I. D. Horstius observed blood flow from the Navil in a certain Gentleman monthly And he tels us of a Boy who had a wheyish liquor like Urin dropping from his Navil and somtimes fresh blood For the inner Vessels are many times opened by the Acrimony of the blood and wheyish humors Also the Navil doth insensibly open it self when purgatives Medicines for the Mother and to kill the Worms c. are applied thereto Now these Vessels after the Child is born do within the Belly degenerate into Ligaments the Vein to a Ligament of the Liver the Arteries into lateral Ligaments of the Bladder Because their use is now lost and there is no longer any passage of the Mothers blood unless they be somtimes preternaturally opened as in the examples alleadged Yet are they not of so great moment that their breaking or cutting off should cause death as some and among them Laurentius imagine being questionles abused by some Fabulous story For they report that the Aegyptians punish Robbers by flaying them alive and that they leave the Navil untoucht that they may be tormented the longer for they think when the Navil is cut off a man must needs die the four Vessels being destroyed But Riolanus a man of great experience saw contrary examples and any man may judg by a Rupture of the Navil If death follow it is by accident the inner parts being also hurt and a wide dore opened for all hurtful things to enter Sperlinger conceives that they are choaked because the Navil being cut off the Liver falls down and draws the Midriff the Organ of breathing But 1. This shortness of breath doth not cause sudden death 2. The Liver is held up by another strong Ligament from the Peritonaeum The fourth Vessel the Urachus or Piss-pipe which is half as little again as the Artery consists of two parts according to the Observation of Riolanus the inner which is Nervous arising from the inner coat of the Bladder the outer which is more Membranous from the bottom of the bladder It is not after the same manner in Beasts as in Mankind In Beasts t is carryed without the Navil between two Arteries and is at last spred out and widened into the Coat which is termed Allantoides where Urin is collected and reserved till the young one is brought forth And therefore this Vessel is termed Urachus that is to say the Piss-pipe In Mankind 1. It doth not go without the Navil and therefore it doth not make the Coat Allantoides for which cause the Child hath only two Coats 2. The Urachus is not hollow throughout according to the experiments of Carpus Arantius Cortesius Riolanus and others whom I have found to be in the right in such Bodies as I have dissected both old and young though Aquapendens and Spigelius would perswade us otherwise But it is a little Cord or Ligament wherewith the bladder is fastned to the Peritonaeum and sustained least when it is distended with Urin its Neck should be squeezed Though I deny not but that the same thing is done by the Arteries But a Child in the Womb voids Urin by its Yard into the Membarne Amnios which makes it so ful of Liquor and a great part is retained also in the bladder which is the cause that new born Children for the first daies are in a manner continually pissing Aqua-pendens denies this because 1. The motive faculty doth not exercise it self in a Child in the Womb. 2. No Muscle Acts. 3. Neither doth Nature use so different a manner of voiding Urin in Men and Beasts But I answer 1. That the various moving of a Child in the Womb which Big-bellied Women feel doth witness that the Child hath a moving faculty though imperfect 2. The bladder is provoked to excretion by the over great quantity and sharpness of the Serum or wheyish humor 3. The Coat called Allantoides which is not in Man-kind doth shew the difference between Man and beast Uarolus will have all the Urin to be contained in the bladder till the birth time But then it would be broken with over stretching and whence comes all the liquor which is in the Coat Amnios Aqua-pendens Spigelius and almost all others will have it go out by the Urachus and be collected between the Amnios and Allantoides as in beasts But seeing it is not perforated but solid in Man-kind it cannot admit the Urin. For it cannot be strained through without a manifest passage because it is thick and the same way might hold in grown Persons Veslingius propounds both these opinions and determins nothing Now it is no more Porous in a young child then a grown person And Laurentius eagerly defends this opinion out of Galen bringing the examples of some who when their Urin was stopt did void it at their Navil But I answer This is done praeternaturally as it is also a known opinion of many that the Umbilical Vein hath been preternaturally opened in Hydropical persons and voided the Water And Laurentius himself confesses that all the four Umbilical Vessels do turn to Ligaments wherein he is right for they are dried How therefore can they be opened unless preternaturally So it was I conceive preternaturally opened in the same Italian called Anna who hath no Yard in stead whereof a spungy bit of flesh hung out under his Navil whence the Urin dropt Fernelius and others have other examples of the Urachus opened Before the Production of all the Umbilical Vessels in the Womb the seed being curdled in the top of the hinder part two certain Roots are inserted on each side one from the horns of the Womb first observed by Varolius and called Radices Dorsales the back Roots which are obliterated when the rudiments of the Child are framed touching which Riolanus explains Abensina THE SECOND BOOK OF THE Middle Venter or Cavity THe middle Venter or Belly termed Thorax the Chest and by some absolutely Venter is all that which is circumscribed above by Clavicles or Channel-bones beneath the Midriff on the foreside by the Breast-bone on the hinder part by the Bones of the Back and on the sides by the Ribs The fore-part is called Sternon and Pectus c. the Hinder-part the Back the Lateral Parts are termed the Sides Howbeit the Ancients as Hypocrates and Aristotle c. did comprehend all from the Channel-bones as far as to the Privities that is to say the middle and lower Belly under the Name of Chest And therefore in this
or pointer because therewith we point at any thing The third is the longest and middlemost cal'd Impudicus the shameless because Physitians use it in filthy and stinking places not is it wont to be adorned with Rings The fourth is termed Medicus also Annularis the Ring-finger because it is adorned with a Gold Ring before any of the rest by reason of a common buâ— false opinion Repugnant to Anatomy viz. that a Vein should come from the Heart to this Finger above all the rest now the Heart is comforted with Gold The fift cal'd Auricularis the Ear-finger because fittest to pick the Ears is smallest and by us cal'd the little Finger The Cause therefore of laying hold which is the action of the Hand or as others speak less accurately its chiefest use is the apt composition of the whole Hand Yet the chief Organ of this motion is a Muscle the strength is in the Bones which are three in every finger the lower of which as the sustainer is alwaies greater then that which is above it and stronger and in the Joynts they are furnished on each fide with a Gristle on which an Oyly moisture is poured out for Hummectations sake and to Facilitate the motion A secondary use of the Arms and Hands as Kyperus learnedly Discourses is the better to help our going by their weight and ballancing Yea and to speed our going and therefore dancers on the Ropes whose Foot is broader then that which they tread on do bear themselves up with long Poles and when they dance a pace they ballance themselves with their Hands which they move this way and that way The Nails are placed externally on the tops of the Fingers as also of the Toes whose upmost part being white is called the Root of the Nailes the white half Moon and the little Skin which grows to the Root Their matter is not Alimentary Humors as Aemilius Parisanus and Plempius would have it and others but thick Excrements not which ascend from the Heart as Rosa Anglicana conceives or from the Arteries but from the Bones and Gristles as the great Hippocrates doth affirm The Efficient is that heat which the Soul directs to this rather then any other part of the Body But the Nailes are not made by the Soul as Parisanus and Plempius contend because in Cacochymick and Phlegmatick persons they grow more abundantly in such as have been twenty five years dead according to the observation of Pareus Nor are we moved when they say that there is a great variety of colours in horns and shels of Fishes for they no more prove the action of the Soul in such things then in party coloured and speckled Marble Their End and Use is I. To fence the ends of the Fingers and Toes which are exceeding soft and to saveguard them by their hardness so that they may more easily take up any thing So in the Feet that they may be able to resist the hardness of the Ground and stand firm And therefore it was ill said by him of old that the Gods had erred in their placeing the Nails II. For ornament and therefore we cover our Fingers when the Nails are impaired III. To rub scrarch and defend which is a secondary use IV. To free the Body from superfluous Humors and steams Fuliginous V. To afford Physiognomists and Physitians tokens of Life and Health which may be seen in divers authors And Achmetes ch 74. 75. interprets dreams concerning them according to the Tradition of the Indians Persians and Aegyptians Their form we gather from the Accidents Their Figure is somwhat convex that they may apply themselves to the Fingers They have a substance indifferently hard that they may resist but yet flexible that they may yeild a little and not break They are Transparent and therefore variously coloured for according to the flesh beneath them they are red blewish c. And therefore Physitians are wont to observe the Colour of the Nails for the Nails for examples sake grow pale when the heat of the Heart is deficient in such as are at deaths door they are livid and brown Those same white spots which in yong people somtimes appear in their Nails spring from a vigorous heat which drives hidden Excrements to the Nails and separates them from others of a different Nature They are knit about the Root with a Ligament and Skin grows about them without and flesh grows under them or rather the tendons of Muscles there dilated there is therefore in that place an exquisite sense and great pain when they are hurt And so much may suffice to have spoken of the Nails briefly and by way of Compendium Chap. II. Of the Muscles of the Humerus or of the Brachium peculiarly so called THe common containing Parts being removed viz. the Scarf-skin the Skin the Fat the Membrana carnosa c. the MUSCLES shew themselves by which the motion is made of which I am to treat in this whole Book in a convenient place though Hofman think otherwise especially because the Doctrin of the Muscles is useful and necessary by reason of Issues Wounds c. And in the other parts they could not be treated off Now touching the action of the Muscles of the Arm in general it is to be noted that the inner Muscles do mostly serve to bend and the outer to extend And in the whole Arm the internal Muscles are more and stronger then the external because bending is more worthy then the extension The Humerus is variously moved and therefore it hath sundry Muscles partly lying upon the Chest and partly growing to the Scapulae or Shoulder-blades c. Some reckon them seven others The FIGURE Explained This TABLE represents all the Muscles of the Body described by the Authour which are to be seen before AA The Muscles of the Neck called Musculi long B. The Muscles Scalenus C. The Muscle Mastoides which bends the Head dd The Vertebra's of the Neck E. The Levator Scapulae lifter of the Shoulder FF The Claviculae or Chanel bones G. The Breast-bone call'd Sternum H. The Acromon or Shoulder-tip ii The Musculus Subclavius K. The Pectoral Muscle L. The Muscles Deltoides MM. The Muscle Biceps N. The Musculus perforatus or bored Muscle O. The Serratus minor or Smaller-saw-muscle PP The greater Saw-muscle or Serratus maâ—or qqqq The Intercostal or Rib between Muscles RRRR The branchiaeus on each Arm conspicuous from each part of the Biceps SS The first Arm extender or the Longus TT The Musculus Radij pronator rotundus V. Radij Pronator Quadratus W. Supinator Radij primus X. Carpi flexor primus or externus Y. Musculus palmaris Z. Carpi flexor alter or the internus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Os Radij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Os Cubiti 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Ligament which fastens the Cubitus to the Radiâ—◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Digitorum flexor sublimus or
those old men whose Stomachs in time of Concoction do breed Wind which oftentimes also in gluttonous persons takes up more room then their meat Columbus will have it when it is stretched to reach as low as the Navil and Archangelus will have it to reach further when it is over stretched but being contracted and wrinkled in such as live soberly it is thick and lies hid under the Liver Now the Largeness of the Stomach is known 1. By the Greatness of the Mouth for those that have large Mouths are great Eaters but withal bold and magnanimous 2. If from the Cartilago Ensiformis to the Navil the space is greater then that of the Face or Breast The weight of the Stomach being dryed with the Oesophagus according to the Observation of Loselius is two ounces and two drams wherein notwithstanding I have found a variety according to the diversity of subjects It receives very many Vessels Veins as from the Spleen Vas breve which is inferted not into the mouth but into the bottom thereof and there insinuating it self into the tunicles it creeps upwards between them towards the Orifice but before it reaches the same it is obliterated in some it is not visible because of its smalness in some it is quite absent and therefore peradventure those persons have no good Concoction or Nature Recompences that defect with other Arteries in others I have seen it flourishing with manyfold branches And because it is implanted into the bottom of the stomach and blood emptied there cannot provoke Appetite as many imagine Others will have it that a Melancholick Excrement which could not be changed in the Spleen is by this Vessel brought into the stomach that by its harsh and acid faculty it might further the stomachs Concoction and make the meats abide therein a convenient season But Concoction should rather be hindred by the casting in of a strange Excrementitious Humor If we shall interpret it touching an acid fermenting juyce the Opinion will be truer which kind of juyce can come from no other place but the Spleen For according to the Observation of Walaeus the Spleen especially of a Sow being boyled and eaten as coming nearest that of a man doth wont to help the heavyness and dullness of the Stomach Hence sharp things are pleasing to the Spleen and Hippocrates gives Vinegar to Spleenetick persons and Celsus makes a Cataplasm for the Spleen tempered with the sharpest Vinegar Moreover Riolanus hath found the left side of the inner part of the Stomach blacker then the right Others suppose that nothing is carried into the stomach by the Vas breve but that somwhat is carried out of the stomach into the Spleen whether it be the thinner part of the Chyle as Conringius Horstius and Regius prove or Blood as Hogeland conceives they being informed by Ligature in dissections of live Creatures of which hereafter Moreover the stomach receives Veins from Vena Portae viz. the Pyloric Gastric and Gastroepiploic branches left and right There is one notable Vein called Gastrica which creeps a long the bottom of the stomach but doth not quite touch it least the stomach being very much stretched it should be in danger to be broken but it spreds many branches to the stomach which Picolhomineus and Aquapendent will have to suck out the more thin and subtile part of the Chyle before it passes out of the stomach to the Liver And this Opinion seems probable 1. Because otherwise no reason can be given of so sudden a passage seeing they who have drunk much do presently Piss it out plentifully 2. Otherwise the stomach would be ready to burst when it is overcharged 3. Thence it comes that strength is so soon repaired by fragrant Wine broaths and other comfortable things In some Men a part of the Choler passage is inserted into the bottom of the stomach by which our Country-men Petrus Severinus would have choler to be carried into the stomach But this is an Error of Nature and therefore such persons are apt to vomit Choler for they are exceeding Cholerick such as Galen Vesalius Fernelius and Casserius have observed Such persons are said to be Picrocholoi ano vomiters of Choler The stomach receives Arteries from me Caeliaca Arteria which accompany the Veins not only for lifes sake but that blood may be supplied from the Heart for nourishment for that the stomach should be nourished with Chyle is a false opinion and now out of date Seeing it is nourished with blood after the manner of other parts it is only delighted with the chyle whichis brought out of the Arteries which blood flows back again to the Heart according to the Doctrine of Circulation proved and asserted by the renowned Walaeus in his Epistles By the Splenic Arteries an acid sharp juyce is conveighed into the stomach from the Spleen as the said Waloeus and Hogeland conceive which I grant when there is no Vas breve or in absence of the Spleen wherein I easily consent with Riolanus Also it hath Nerves from the sixt pair viz. a couple in its Orifice from the stomach branches being produced after it hath run back in the Chest and furnished the Lungs and Pericardium which because they are soft and go a great way they are covered with strong Membranes And they do so cross one another that they are carried obliquely and consequently with greater safety The right branch compasses the fore and left part of the mouth of the stomach the left the hinder and right part thereof And therefore because the Orifice is so compassed with Nerves as if it were altogether composed of Nervesâ— thence it is that this Orifice of the stomach is exceeding sensible for there was to be the seat of Appetite and hunger even as those that are very hungry do feel that part to be as it were contracted and wrinkled together Also branches of Nerves are sent from these downwards to the very bottom A branch goes from the left Nerve a long the upper part of the stomach to the Pylorus which it infolds with certain branches and goes to the hollow of the Liver Other two Nerves also go unto the bottom of the Stomach from the branches which run along by the Roots of the Ribs And therefore it is no wonder that when the Brain is smitten and hurt the Stomach is disturbed and falls a vomiting especially in the pain called Hemicranea As also that when the Stomach is misaffected the Animal Faculty languishes In the Stomach Fermentation of the Meats goes before Concoction which Hippocrates inculcates in his book de Prisca Medicina Because hard things ought to be broken to peices and thick things as bones and shells c. in the stomachs of Beasts seem impossible to be melted by the natural heat alone unless somwhat else do cut them in peices This labor Petrus Severinus attributes to Choler which nevertheless according to the ordinary Course of Nature is not found in the stomach
And by the Superaboundance or Deficiency hereof the Voice is hurt For in the former contracted by Distillations it becomes Hoarse in the latter through burning Feavers c. It becomes squeaâ—ing If it overabound we are quite Dumb and unable to speak and the moisture being consumed our Speech returns again which might happen in that same dumb Son of Craesus mentioned by Herodotus and in Aegle a Samian wrastler mentioned by Valerius Maximus and Zacharias Orphanus a Fool of whom Nicolas Fontanus tels a story in his Observations This Coat is of exquisite sense that it may raise it self to expel what ever is trouble-some thereunto Between these two Membranes is the proper substance of the Trachea arteria which is partly of the nature of a Gristle and partly of a Ligament The VIII TABLE The FIGURES Explained This TABLE represents the Aspera Arteria the Oesophagus the recurrent Nerves about the Arteria Magna and the Arteria Axillaris behind FIG I AA The Muscle contracting the Oesophagus BBB The Oesophagus or Gullet CCC The Aspera arteria or Wesand placed under the Throate D. The Membrane between the Wesand and the Gullet EEEE The Nerves of the sixth Conjugation FF Nerves of the Tongue inserted behind GG The right recurrent Nerve turned back to the Artery of the Shoulder HH The left recurrent Nerve about the Descendent Trunk of the Arteria Magna II. A Nerve tending to the left Orifice of the Stomach and to the Diaphragma KK A Nerve descending to the Diaphragma L. The jugular Arteries on each side one M. The left humeral Artery N. The right Humeral or Shoulder Artery OO The Arteria Magna or great Artery PP The Trunks of the Arteries descending to the Lungs FIG II. This Figure shews the upper part of the Gullet with its Muscles AA The Musculi Cephalo-pharyngaei sâ— called BB. The Musculi Spheno-pharvngaei CC. The Musculi Sâ—â—lopharyngaei DD. The Sâ—luncterd awn from the Gullet E. The Inâ—de of the Gullet F. The Descending part of the Gullet page 120 I. For the Voices sake because that which makes a sound must be solid II. Otherwise by reason of its softness it would alwaies fall together and would not easily be opened in Respiration It was to be partly Ligamental and not wholly of a Gristly substance for if it should consist of one only Gristle or many circular ones I. It would be evermore open and not somtimes widen and then fall together II. It would bear hard upon the Gullet to which nevertheless it ought to give way especially in the swallowing down of solid meats that the Throat or Gullet might be sufficiently widned And so the Gristles help to frame the Voice and the Membranous Ligaments for Respiration The Gristles are many round like Rings but not exactly For on their backside where they touch the Gullet a fourth part of a circle is wanting in place whereof there is a Membranous substance From their shape they are termed Sigma-shap'd resembling the old Greek letter C til they are fixed in the Lungs for then changing their Fignre they change their name For the Wind-Pipes do there consist of perfect Gristles Round four square or Triangular but where they are joyned to the rest of the Vessels of the Lungs they become Membranous These Gristles are joyned together by Ligaments going between which in Men are more fleshy in brute Beasts more Membranous and in men the shew like little Muscles And the Gristles do every where keep an equal diâ—…n from another and the higher the â—…ey â—hey are It hath Vessels â—â—mmon wiâ—â— others Veins from the the external Jugulars Arteries from the Carotides Nerves from the Recurrent Nerves of the sixth pair It s Use is I. In drawing in the Air that by it as a Pipe the Air may be received from the Lungs as from a pair of Bellows Hence comes that same Wheezing in such as have the Tissick the Pipes of the Wesand being stopped so that the Air coming and going and not finding a free passage makes that Hissing noise II. In blowing the Air out I. That through it Fuliginous Excrements may be voided at the Mouth and Nostrils For which intent the mouths of the Vena arteriosa do so artificially joyn with the Mouths of the Aspera arteria that there is passage only for sooty steams but not for blood unless it come away by force and violent Coughing In the next place that it may help to form the voice which it doth by expiration likewise though some Juglers frame their Voice by inspiration only or drawing in of their Breath And therefore Hippocrates calls it the breathing and vocal Organ A wonder therefore it is that some Men can live long in the Water like Fishes by Nature and not by Art if Cardan is to be believed in the second Book de Subtilitate when he makes relation of one Calanus a Diver in Sicily who would lie three or four hours under the Water And how in the West-indies everywhere such as dive for Pearl-oysters will lie an hour together under the Water If they did this by some art it were not so wonderful So the Aegyptians are most perfect divers and exercise Robberies that way For as appears by the Description of Nicolus Christophori Radzivilij his journey to Hierusalem they lie lurking under the Waters and not being content to steal on land what ever they can catch they draw into the water and carry it away and frequently they catch a man as he lies upon a Ships deck draw him under the water and kill and strip him of his cloathes So that such as sail are said many times to watch all night armed And in the same parts aboundance of fisher men will dive under the water and catch fish with their hands and they will come up with a fish in cach Hand and a third in their mouths These persons doubtless do either live only by Transpiration as such do that have fits of the Apoplexy and the Mother or they have Anastomoses open in their Hearts by means of which as in the Womb the blood is freely moved without any motion of the Lungs Chap. XI Of the Larynx THe Head or beginning of this Lung-Pipe is termed LARYNX which is the voices Organ T is Situate in the Neck and that in the middle thereof for it is In Number one that there may be only one voice It s Figure is round and almost circular because it was to be hollow for the voices sake but on the foreside it is more Extuberant on the hinder side depressed that it may give way to the Gullet especially in the time of swallowing in which while the Oesophagus is depressed the Larynx runs back upwards and so assists the swallowing both by giving way and bearing down that which is to be swallowed It s Magnitude varies according to the Ages of persons For in younger persons the Larynx is strait which makes
Caruncles in the Corners of the Eyes other parts there are which conâ—… the Eye it self and they are Fat Muscles Membranes and Humors Palpebrae the Eye-lids are parts which cover and shut the Eye which clense and putrifie the Cornea Tunica and likewise by their overshadowing render the Picture in the Retina more illustrious according to the opinion of Averrhoes Varolius Plempius The are made up of the Skin the Membrana carnosa Muscles a Coat the Tarsi and Hairs and therefore their substance is soft The Eye-lid is either the lower which if we believe Galen is of it self immovable save in some birds Yet Bauhin and Aqua-pendent do aver that they are really moved and Fallopius proves it by the example of a Sea-Calf and any one may prove the same in a Looking-glass wherein he may see his lower Eye-lid meet the upper But either this motion is obscure or we must say with Vesalias and Sylvius that the upper part of the circular Muscle doth lift up the upper part of the Eye-lid and that the lower part is drawn down by the other part of the Muscle which notwithstanding is not true because the straight Muscle lift up or we must say with Piccolhomineus that they follow the motion of the Cheeks or finally the Orbicular Muscles only moves the upper Eye-lid and doth but embrace the lower and knit it is a coupler The other is the upper which is moved and that most swiftly so that we compare a quick motion to the twinkling of the Eye The VII TABLE The Explication of the FIGURES This TABLE represents the Muscles of the Eye in their natural Situation and the Muscle of the Eye-lid by it self FIG I. AAAA The hollow part of the Skul cut off BB. The inner and whiteish portion of the Brain dissected CC. The Brainlet or Cerebellum D. The meeting and union of the Optick Nerves EE The parting of the said Nerves going to each Eye F. The Caruncula Lachrymalis drawn out of its place GG The first Muscle of the Eye called Attollens H. In the right Eye shews the second Eye-muscle or the Musculus deprimens II. In both Eyes shews the Musculi recti interni or Adducentes KK In each Eye shews the recti externi or Abducentes L. The Musculus quintus or obliquus externus is shewed in the right Eye MM. The sixt Muscle or the obliquus internus whose Tendon passes through the Pully N. O. Shews the optick Nerve in the right Eye P. The Cornea Tunica in the midst whereof is the Pupilla FIG II. A. The optick Nerve B. The Nerves which moves the Eye C. The Trochlearis Musculus whose Tendon E. goes through the Pulley D. F. G. The Musculi recti internal and external H. The Muscle proper to the upper Eye-lid contained within the Socket of the Eye III. The Eye-lids cut out off KK The Cilia that is the Ends of the Eye-lids adorned with Hair page 144 The Membrana carnosa is thin in this place together with the Muscles like another simple thin Membrane and therefore Aristotle said that the Skin of the Eye-lid was without flesh and being cut off like the Fore-skin it grows not again They are cloathed with an inner Coat springing from the Pericranium exceeding thin and soft least they should hurt the Eyes which they touch The Extremities of the Eye-lids are hard and Gristley but soft like smal Gristles and Semicircular the Greeks term them Tarsous the Latins CILIA whereon the Hairs are fastned which some term Cilia being straight because situate in an hard place keeping all waies in a manner the same greatness hindering smal and light matters from falling into the Eye and serving to direct the fight which Galen proves from such as have them fallen or pulled off who can hardly discerne things afar off especially if they be of a dark colour which Montaltus doth prove by the example of a youth at Lisbon The SUPERCILIA or Eye-brows are Hairs growing at the bottom of the Forehead above the Eyes intercepting such things as fall from the Head that they may not light into the Eyes CARUNCULA a smal portion of flesh is placed at each great corner of the Eye containing Humor to moisten the Eye and it is placed over an hole bored in the Nose-bone which is called Punctum lachrymale distinct from these two holes in the edge of the Eye-lids which Galen call Tremata and are most visible in living bodies especially of such as are inclined to weeping least we should continually weep But in an Oxe there is moreover a moveable Membrane which can shut the Eye though the Eye-lid be open by help whereof Brutes wink and cover their Eyes when they fear any thing should fall into or hit them In the spaces between the muscles and sundry Vessels there is fat which heats moistens and so helps the motion of the Eye and makes it round and even The MUSCLES of Mens Eyes are six Because they have so many distinct motions four straight and two circular all are seated within the Cavity of the Skul and accompany the optick Nerve All their Tendons being joyned together at the tunica Cornea under the Adnata do make that Coat which Columbus call Tunica innominata the Nameless coat as if it had not been known to the ancients whereas Galen hath made mention thereof in his tenth Book de Usu partium Chap. 2. 8. though it be not properly a Coat but only divers Tendons of Muscles nor doth it compass the whole Eye Yet by some it is called Tunica Tendinosa or Tendinea the Tendinous Coat The first Muscle being the upper and thicker is called Attollens the lefter up or Superbus the proud Muscle The second opposite to the other being the smaller in the lower part is termed Deprimens the depresser and Musculus humilis the lowly Muscle because it draws the Eye downwards towards the Cheek-balls The third placed in the greater Angle is called Adducens the drawer to and Bibitorius the drinking Muscle moving the Eye inwards towards the Nose The fourth is called Abducens the drawer from drawing the Eye towards the side of the Face to the smal cornerward t is also termed Indignatorius the Muscle of indgnation All these four Muscles have the same beginning the same progress and end for the beginning of them all is acute near the hole where the optick Nerve enters into the Socket of the Eye from the Membrane wherof they do arise they have all a fleshy and round belly their end is a very smal Tendon as was said at the Cornea By these four acting together the Eye is drawn inwards and is kept from strring which holding is by Physitians called Motus tonicus The fift is lean round short oblique seated between the Eyes and the Tendons of the second and third Muscle and ascending by the outer corner of the Eye to the upper part of
as it is carried along the Cubit with the inner Branch of the Cephalica it makes a common Vein which is called Mediana by Avicen nigra t is cald the mediana or middle Vein because of its Sitnation in the midst of the Arm. It is frequently opened without danger because there is no Nerve beneath it but only the Tendon of a Muscle From this or rather from that part of the Basilica whence this arises a branch is sent forth which being divided above the Radius produces an exteriour branch between the Thumb and the Forefinger which some cal Cephalica others Occularis and some again as Mundinus Salvatella and another more inward betwixt the middle finger and the Ring finger which some as Rhasis count the Sielc or rather Seilem of Avicenna But touching the Distribution of all these Veins it is to be observed that they differ in several Bodies and are seldome in one man as they are in another yea the right side of the same man does rarely agree with the lest and in like manner they varie in Magnitude in several persons CHAP. VIII Of the Trunk of Vena cava descending as far as to the Thighes THe lower Trunk of Vena Cava proceeding out of the Liver called the descendent Trunk is more narrow then the upper or ascendent which servs very many parts and proceeds undivided accompanied with with a great Arterie as far as to the fourth Vertebra of the Loyns Mean while it sends forth these folowing Boughes I The Vene adiposae which servs the Coat of the Kidneyes and their Fat the left of which is commonly higher then the right II The emulgent Veins descending to the Kidneyes by a short and crooked passage sometimes with a threefold Rise bringing back the wheyish Blood being purified from the Kidnyes into the Vena Cava 3. The Spermatick Veins of which in the first Book 4. The Lumbaces or Loyn-veins somtimes two somtimes three which are carried betwixt the four Vertebra's of the Loyns From these some write that they have observed two Veins ascending within the Vertebra's on each hand to the side of the spinal marrow in the Brain which makes them conjecture that a portion of the seminary matter is brought from the Brain These being thus constituted the Trunk going towards Os sacrum at the fourth Vertebra of the Loyns it goes under the Aorta which before was under it and is divided into two equal Branches termed Rami Ilij or Iliaci because they go over the Os Ilij and Os pubis unto the Thighes About the division it self there arise two Veins the Muscula superior serving the Peritonaeum and the Muscles of the Loyns and Belly and the Sacra somtimes single otherwhiles double for the Marrow of Os sacrum Afterward the Ramus Iliacus is forked out on each side into the external greater and the internal lesser From the inner two Veins sprout the Muscula media without serving the Muscles seated on the outside of the Hip and the skin of the Buttocks and the Hypogastrica which is remarkable somtimes double serving very many parts of the Hypogastrium as the Muscles of Intestinum rectum whence are the Haemorhoides externae the Bladder and its Neck the Yard the lower side and neck of the womb whence are those Veins by which menstrual Blood is many times thought to be purged in Virgins and Women with Child which nevertheless seldom happens when the Venae Hypogastricae do cumulate thick Blood and send it not back unto the Trunck then they may be opened but otherwise they are indeed suppressed but they ascend unto the Heart by the Vena Cavae and cause palpitations and other symptomes But when they are right the Courses are naturally voided by the Arteries which appears by their florid color and the common Office of the Arteries which is to carry unto the parts of body Walaeus proves this also by other tokens in his Epistles This branch when it is joyned with the crural branch internal doth cease From the outer three two before it goes out of the Peritoneum and one afterward the first is the Epigastricae which seldom arises from the crural to serve the Peritoneum and Muscles of the Belly the chief part ascends under the right Muscles to the Mammariae to which they are often joyned about the Navil 2. The Vena pudendae which serves the Privy Parts in Men and Women it goes athwart to the middle of Os pubis 3. Muscula inferior going over the side of the Hip-joynt to serve the Muscles and skin of that part Afterwards its Branches are termed Crurals Chap. 9. Of the Crural Veins THe Venae Crurales as also the Arteries and Nerves passing along are in the bending of the Thigh interwoven with frequent kernels for firmness sake Afterwards there arise from the crural Veâ—â— six branches 1. Saphaeda so cal'd because of its apparency more than other foot-Veins or Venae mâ—leoli the Anckle-vein is long and remarkable it is carried along in the Inside of the Thigh with a Nerve stretched by it between the Skin and Membranâ— Carnosa to the Knee and along the inner part of the Leg it goes to the inner Anckle And it is variously distributed into the upper parts of the Foot towards the Toes especially the great Toe This is opened about the Ankle in Diseases of the Womb especially when the Courses are stopt and in the Gonorrhaea to evacuate or revell the Blood which otherwise would ascend too plentifully unto the Womb and Genitals Now it must be opened where it is most apparent whether it be on the Back or side of the Foot 2. Ischias minor is opposite to the former for it is a short outer branch springing from the crural it is carried outwardly and athwart into the skin of the Hip and the Muscles of that place 3. Muscula arises from a Trunk which lies hid among the Muscles it is a double and remarkable Branch distributed among the Muscles seated in the Thigh 4. Poplitea the Ham-vein is made of a double Crural branch mingled together and runs streight along under the Skin behind through the midst of the bending of the Ham as far as to the Heel somtimes to the Skin of the Outer Ankle This Vein is commonly supposed to have been frequently open'd by the Ancients under the Knee and Paulus Magnus a Chyrurgeon of Rome did once open it But because it lies exceeding deep and cannot be seen we must suppose it cannot be opened and perhaps this is not the Venae poplitea of the Ancients especially seeing Galen is exceeding various in his description thereof and calls it somtimes the Vein in the Ham somtimes about the Ham somtimes at the Knee otherwhiles under the Knee peradventure he meant the Ankle-vein which descends to the inner bunching of the Leg and is indeed conspicuous enough under the Knee 5. Is cal'd Suralis which is a great Vein and is divided into the external and lesser and the internal
Membranes Vessels Use The Error of Asclepiades and Paracelsus The Situation of the Piss-bladder It s Magnitude Its Connexion It s Substance Membranes The Crust of the Bladder The expulsive Muscle of the Bladder It s Holes It s Neck The Sphincter Muscle Its Vessels It s Use The Spermatick Vessels and their Original Their Magnitude Their Passage Their Use The Stones Their Number Why placed without in Men Their Greatness Their Figure Whether the left Stone be colder then the right The Error of Aristotle Whether Nature alwaies intends to beget Boys Their Coats Common The Cod. Why void of Fat Porper The Substance of the Stones Vessels Muscles The Efficiens cause of the Seed Without the Stones there is no Generation The Sympathy of the Stones with the whole Body The Parastatae Names Their Substance Their Rise Their Use See Fig. III. Tab. XXI Whether a Bull may ingender after he is guel Whether seed is contained in the Bladderkies Whether in the Prostatae See Tab. XXII Let. QQ Whether the Prostatae do make seed The seat of the Gonorrhaea The Prostatae do not help to make seed Its Names Situation Figure Magnitude Why the Yard is void of Fat the first Opinion Laurentius his Error It s Substance The four Parts of the Yard Urethra The Nut of the Yard â— The nervous Bodies Whence the hardness and Erection of the Yard proceeds The Muscles of the Yard Copulation Conception The Genitals in Women quite different from those in men The similitude of the Yard and of the Womb ridiculous The praeparatory Vessels in women How they differ from those in Men. How the Stones of Women differ from those of Men. Why Womens stones are placed within their Bodies Why the womb is placed in the Hypogastrium It s Magnitude The true Figure of the Womb. The Ligaments of the Womb. The upper Ligaments of the Womb. The falling down of the Womb. The Lower It s Substance Its Membranes Its Vessels Why the left Veins of the Womb are joyned to the right Anastomoses in the womb The Largeness of the Uterine Vessels A Child conceived in a womans Stomach The wombs motion Why sweet smelling things do hurt some women See Tab. XXVII The short Neck of the womb Some Cause of Barrenness The Bottom No Cavities or Cells in the womb of a woman Why Horns are said to be in the wombs of women The inner Orifice of the womb Some Causes of Barrenness The Use of the Orifice of the womb When the Mouth of the womb is opened See Tab. XXVII Wrinkles in the Neck of the womb The Orifice of the Bladder See Fig. IV. and V. of Taâ— XXVIII That there is some true sign of Virginity Why Virgins are pained in their first carnal Copulation An Exception What is the token of Virginity The I. Opinion of the Arabians The II. Opinion The III. Opinion The IV. Opinion The V. Opinion strengthned by many Authors The Confutation of such as deny it to be alwaies found in Virgins The VI. Opinion The hole in the middle of the Hymen is of several fashions A Question touching the shedding of blood in the first Copulation Whether Conception may be made without hurting the Hymen Parts of the Privitie See Fig. II. and III. of the XXVIII Tab. See Fig. IV. of Tab. XXVIII See Tab. XXVIII It s Substance Its Muscles Tentigo Its Vessels It s Use See FIG III. and IV. of the Tab. XXVIII The Lips and Venus Hillocks Wherâ—â—n the Child in the Womb differs from a grown person Whether the heat of the Womb only â—e the Efficient cause of the Membranes Sundry opinions concerning the matter of the said Membranes Their Number What the Secondine is and why so called Whence the Liquor proceeds that is in the Amnios What the Cotyledons are What the Navil is and of what parts it consists The Vena umbilicalis It s Insertion It s Use The Knots Arteries Anastomoses of the umbilical Vessels Their Twisting The length of the Rope It s thickness The binding of the Navil The Dignity of the Navil is not much Urachus The Urachus is not hollow in Mankind The Error of Laurentius The middle Venter what it is Hypocrates and Aristotle It s Figure Magnitude Substance It s Use Its Parts Common The Use of the hair under the arm-pits Why there is little Fat in the Chest The proper Parts See Tab. XXV Lib. I. Why the Dugs in Mankind are seated in the Breast Number of the Dugs Magnitude The difference of the Dugs in men and women Their Shape Their Parts How the Nipples come to have so exquisite Sense The Dug The Venae Mammariae Why Milk is bred after the child is born Their Arteries The matter of Milk is not Blood as Martianus holds But arises from the Stomach the Chyle The said Opinion refuced And the Argument of Martianus and others are answered Their Nerves Their Pipes The use of the Dugs The Efficient cause of Milk Milk may breed in Virgins Men Women not with Child c. See the Figure of the following Chapter Their Number The Error of others Their use It s Situation It s Figure It s Number Magnitude An Head and Tail in the Midriff It s substance It s Membrane It s Holes Vessels Sardonian Laughter Use How the motion of the Diaphragma is performed What the Pleura is and its Original It s Thickness The place of the matter which causes a Pleurisie It s Holes It s substance Vessels The use of the Mediastinum The Pericardium See Tab. 3. of Book 2. It s Original It s Holes Situation It s Connexion It s Surface It s Substance Its Vessels It s Use Whether all Live-Wights have this wherish Liquor in their Heart-bags Why more plentiful in dead Bodies Whence the liquor in the Heart-bag proceeds The first Opinion It s Use Why the Heart â—â— in the middest of the Body A vulgar Error that the Heart is in the left side Why the point of the Heart enclines to the left side Who have the greatest Hearts Connexion Why the Substance of the Heart is so thick It s Coat Whether Fat is found about the Heart The Coronary Vein of the Heart An Error of Fallopius Whether the Heart be a Muscle The Error of Averroes An Hairy Breast what it signifies An Hairy Heart what it signifieâ— Whether the Heart doe perfect the Blood What things are requisite to perfect the Blood In which Ventricle the Blood is perfected What the Pulse is Its Parts The Heart takes in Blood in the Diastole The Quantity of blood in the Heart The form of the Heart in the Systole The shape of the Heart in the Diastole The next Efficient Cause of the motion of the Heart Whether there be a pulsifick Faculty Remote Causes of the motion of the Heart The Earlets of the Heart why so called What pulses first in an Eg. Their Situation Number Substance Their Surface See Tab. IV. of Book II. Their Motion Their use The Ventricles of