be_v say_v to_o be_v action_n as_o receive_v by_o the_o patient_n a_o passion_n for_o as_o the_o way_n from_o athens_n to_o thebes_n and_o from_o thebes_n to_o athens_n be_v one_o only_a way_n collate_v to_o diverse_a term_n and_o as_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n differ_v only_o in_o respect_n so_o also_o action_n and_o passion_n be_v in_o this_o only_a respect_n different_a one_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o agent_n the_o other_o to_o the_o patient_n ax._n 11._o of_o action_n some_o be_v immanent_a other_o transient_a ax._n 12._o a_o action_n immanent_a be_v that_o who_o effect_n be_v in_o the_o agent_n as_o to_o understand_v to_o will_n ax._n 13._o transient_a who_o effect_n be_v in_o another_o thing_n as_o to_o burn_v to_o beat_v ax._n 14._o in_o the_o action_n immanent_a the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o transient_a different_a in_o the_o thing_n itself_o ax._n 15._o a_o action_n transient_a be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o its_o term_n to_o which_o into_o four_o species_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o of_o substance_n as_o generation_n to_o which_o be_v oppose_v corruption_n the_o second_o quantity_n as_o accretion_n to_o which_o be_v oppose_v diminution_n the_o three_o quality_n as_o alteration_n the_o four_o of_o place_n or_o ubi_fw-la as_o local_a motion_n 1._o §_o these_o thing_n be_v deliver_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o the_o category_n but_o more_o full_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o physics_n ax._n 16._o action_n may_v also_o be_v divide_v into_o univocal_a and_o aequivocal_a ax._n 17._o action_n univocal_a be_v that_o by_o which_o the_o agent_n produce_v a_o effect_n of_o its_o own_o species_n ax._n 18._o action_n aequivocal_a of_o a_o diverse_a 1._o §_o as_o when_o a_o mouse_n generate_v a_o mouse_n or_o heat_v heatt_z the_o action_n be_v univocal_a but_o when_o the_o sun_n generate_v mouse_n or_o light_n heatt_z the_o action_n be_v aequivocal_a ax._n 19_o last_o action_n be_v divide_v into_o perficient_fw-la or_o corrupt_v that_o be_v spoil_v ax._n 20._o action_n perficient_fw-la be_v that_o by_o which_o something_o be_v effect_v without_o the_o destruction_n of_o any_o thing_n ax._n 21._o corrupt_v that_o by_o which_o something_o be_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n destroy_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n illumination_n be_v a_o action_n perficient_fw-la for_o when_o the_o air_n be_v enlighten_v it_o be_v do_v by_o light_n nothing_o of_o form_n destroy_v but_o generation_n and_o heat_n be_v action_n corrupt_v for_o when_o a_o animal_n or_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v generate_v at_o the_o same_o time_n something_o else_o be_v destroy_v and_o he_o that_o be_v hot_a become_v so_o by_o the_o dismission_n of_o the_o cold._a the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v because_o action_n perficient_fw-la be_v conversant_a among_o term_n privative_o oppose_v corrupt_v between_o either_o contrury_n or_o disparate_v ax._n 22._o the_o note_n of_o action_n be_v two_o first_o action_n have_v a_o contrary_a ax._n 23._o second_o action_n receive_v more_o or_o less_o 1._o §_o the_o action_n of_o heat_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o make_v cold_a and_o some_o thing_n heat_n or_o cool_v more_o other_o less_o and_o to_o heat_v more_o in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o to_o heat_v more_o swift_o but_o intense_o that_o be_v to_o produce_v a_o more_o intense_a heatt_z both_o these_o note_n belong_v to_o action_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o term_n to_o which_o and_o therefore_o neither_o to_o all_o but_o those_o only_a who_o term_n be_v contrary_a and_o receive_v intention_n and_o remission_n and_o therefore_o to_o generate_v to_o figure_n etc._n etc._n have_v no_o contrary_a nor_o be_v they_o intend_v or_o remit_v because_o substance_n or_o figure_n neither_o have_v a_o coutrary_a or_o be_v intend_v or_o remit_v 2._o §_o and_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v say_v of_o action_n agree_v also_o to_o passion_n for_o the_o division_n and_o note_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o four_o last_o category_n ax._n 1_o ubi_fw-la be_v a_o mode_n after_o which_o finite_a thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v somewhere_o 1._o §_o ubi_fw-la differ_v from_o place_n in_o that_o place_n if_o strict_o take_v agree_v only_o with_o body_n ubi_fw-la also_o with_o incorporeal_a substance_n if_o finite_a for_o substance_n incorporeal_a be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n definitive_o that_o be_v they_o be_v so_o say_v to_o be_v somewhere_o as_o not_o to_o be_v elsewhere_o but_o yet_o so_o as_o they_o occupy_v not_o any_o place_n or_o exclude_v other_o substance_n whether_o corporeal_a or_o incorporeal_a out_o of_o it_o which_o be_v improper_o to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n but_o corporeal_a substance_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n circumscriptive_o that_o be_v be_v say_v to_o occupy_v and_o expel_v other_o corporeal_a substance_n out_o of_o it_o which_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n i_o say_v definite_a because_o god_n who_o be_v infinite_a be_v not_o say_v to_o be_v somewhere_o but_o everywhere_o 2._o §_o there_o be_v also_o another_o difference_n between_o place_n and_o ubi_fw-la for_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v how_o much_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o quantity_n or_o how_o much_o room_n will_v it_o take_v up_o ubi_fw-la to_o the_o question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v where_o or_o whence_o the_o thing_n be_v whither_o or_o which_o way_n go_v and_o those_o answer_n which_o be_v make_v to_o these_o question_n as_o at_o home_n abroad_o in_o the_o country_n in_o the_o temple_n hence_o thence_o hither_o thither_o this_o way_n that_o way_n etc._n etc._n be_v place_v in_o this_o category_n ax._n 2._o when_o be_v a_o mode_n after_o which_o finite_a thing_n be_v say_v sometime_o to_o be_v to_o have_v be_v or_o to_o come_v 1._o §_o quando_fw-la or_o when_o differ_v from_o time_n strict_o and_o proper_o so_o call_v as_o ubi_fw-la from_o place_n for_o time_n strict_o take_v agree_v only_o to_o thing_n successive_a and_o consist_v in_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o flux_n of_o part_n posterinrity_n that_o be_v according_a to_o priomty_n or_o posterinrity_n for_o it_o be_v define_v a_o number_n of_o motion_n according_a to_o first_o and_o last_o in_o book_n 4._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 11._o but_o when_o be_v also_o attribute_v to_o thing_n moment_n any_o and_o permanent_a if_o finite_a for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v infinite_a and_o eternal_a be_v not_o say_v sometime_o to_o be_v but_o always_o 2._o sect_n beside_o the_o word_n of_o time_n belong_v to_o quantity_n and_o to_o the_o question_n make_v by_o how_o long_o as_o a_o hour_n a_o year_n a_o age_n &c_n &c_n but_o the_o word_n which_o belong_v to_o this_o category_n to_o the_o question_n make_v by_o when_o as_o to_o day_n to_o morrow_n yesterday_n in_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o the_o calends_o in_o the_o nones_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o manlius_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o site_n be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n among_o themselves_o 5._o §_o for_o site_n belong_v only_o to_o body_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o part_n in_o time_n or_o number_n use_v not_o to_o be_v call_v site_n for_o although_o site_n can_v be_v change_v without_o local_a motion_n which_o be_v a_o motion_n to_o where_o yet_o be_v not_o site_n to_o be_v confound_v with_o ubi_fw-la not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o body_n for_o the_o ubi_fw-la may_v be_v change_v not_o change_v the_o site_n as_o when_o one_o without_o any_o motion_n of_o part_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o one_o place_n into_o another_o 2._o §_o site_n be_v either_o natural_a as_o that_o of_o the_o arm_n at_o the_o shoulder-blade_n or_o of_o the_o hand_n at_o the_o wrist_n or_o voluntary_a as_o to_o sit_v to_o stand_v to_o lie_v to_o be_v prone_a supine_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o habit_n be_v a_o manner_n after_o which_o clothes_n or_o any_o thing_n like_o clothes_n be_v put_v about_o the_o body_n append_v or_o any_o other_o way_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 1._o §_o to_o this_o category_n belong_v all_o those_o word_n which_o signify_v the_o conjunction_n of_o clothes_n armour_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n with_o the_o body_n as_o clothe_v arm_v gowned_a shield_v spear_v beard_a strew_v or_o cover_v with_o arras_n tapestry_n etc._n etc._n these_o and_o the_o like_a word_n signify_v not_o clothes_n or_o arm_n but_o the_o conjunction_n of_o clothes_n or_o arm_n with_o the_o body_n which_o aristotle_n signify_v when_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o metaph._n cap._n 20._o he_o call_v habit_n the_o act_n of_o he_o which_o have_v and_o of_o that_o which_o be_v have_v and_o between_o he_o which_o have_v on_o the_o garment_n and_o the_o garment_n itself_o etc._n
in_o a_o identical_a predication_n those_o by_o reason_n reason_v not_o predicate_v or_o if_o they_o be_v their_o predication_n be_v not_o identical_a ax._n 5._o modal_n diversity_n be_v that_o by_o which_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o modes_n 1._o §_o there_o be_v something_o in_o thing_n which_o neither_o be_v the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o another_o thing_n nor_o yet_o nothing_o but_o a_o certain_a medium_fw-la betwixt_o they_o both_o and_o this_o use_n to_o be_v call_v a_o mode_n for_o example_n a_o degree_n of_o quality_n be_v not_o quality_n nor_o yet_o be_v it_o whole_o nothing_o but_o a_o mode_n and_o therefore_o a_o quality_n when_o intend_v or_o remit_v do_v not_o become_v another_o quality_n but_o a_o mode_n of_o quality_n and_o when_o quality_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n be_v change_v after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v distinguish_v modal_o from_o itself_o so_o be_v heat_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n from_o itself_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o and_o the_o hand_n unfold_v from_o itself_o contract_v ax._n 6._o diversity_n may_v also_o be_v distribute_v into_o that_o of_o essential_a and_o accidental_a ax._n 7._o essential_a that_o by_o which_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v essential_o ax._n 8._o and_o be_v either_o subordinate_a or_o coordinate_a ax._n 9_o subordinate_a be_v that_o by_o which_o superior_n disf_a from_o inferior_n subject_a to_o they_o 1._o §_o to_o wit_v the_o genus_fw-la from_o its_o species_n and_o species_n from_o their_o individual_n subject_a to_o they_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n so_o animal_n differ_v from_o man_n man_n from_o socrates_n colour_n from_o whiteness_n and_o contrariwise_o this_o diversity_n be_v of_o reason_n because_o subordinates_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o thing_n itself_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v distinguish_v only_o in_o reason_n ax._n 10._o coordinate_a diversity_n be_v either_o numerical_a specifical_a or_o generical_a ax._n 11._o numerical_a be_v that_o by_o which_o be_v distinguish_v the_o individual_n of_o the_o same_o species_n as_o plato_n and_o socrates_n ax._n 12._o specifical_a the_o species_n of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la and_o their_o individual_n as_o man_n and_o beast_n alexander_n and_o bucephalus_n ax._n 13._o generical_a by_o which_o the_o genus_n themselves_o as_o well_o the_o chief_a as_o the_o subaltern_n and_o their_o species_n and_o individuals_n as_o substance_n and_o quantity_n body_n and_o spirit_n animal_n and_o plant_n socrates_n and_o this_o pear-tree_n ax._n 14._o the_o chief_a genns_n be_v diverse_a in_o their_o whole_a essence_n whilst_o the_o subaltern_a in_o part_n only_o appear_v thus_o 1._o §_o the_o chief_a genus_n have_v no_o common_a genus_fw-la nor_o constitutive_a difference_n and_o therefore_o it_o follow_v they_o must_v be_v diverse_a in_o their_o whole_a essence_n but_o subaltern_n have_v the_o same_o common_a genus_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v in_o their_o whole_a essence_n different_a but_o in_o part_n only_o to_o wit_n their_o constitutive_a difference_n ax._n 15._o accidental_a difference_n be_v either_o internal_a or_o external_n internal_a be_v either_o imparity_n or_o dissimilitude_n ax._n 16._o imparity_n be_v a_o diversity_n in_o quantity_n ax._n 17._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v impars_n of_o which_o one_o be_v great_a or_o less_o than_o another_o 1._o §_o to_o wit_n either_o in_o quantity_n of_o bulk_n or_o perfection_n and_o so_o silver_n and_o gold_n gold_n and_o virtue_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v impars_n in_o this_o verse_n vilius_n argentum_fw-la est_fw-la auro_fw-la virtutibus_fw-la aurum_fw-la i_o e._n silver_n be_v of_o less_o value_n than_o gold_n gold_n than_o virtue_n and_o chapter_n the_o seven_o of_o st._n matthew_n the_o body_n be_v compare_v with_o raiment_n as_o the_o great_a with_o the_o less_o and_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n and_o lily_n of_o the_o field_n with_o man_n as_o the_o less_o with_o the_o great_a ax._n 18._o dissimilitude_n be_v a_o diversity_n either_o in_o quality_n or_o passion_n 1._o §_o in_o quality_n to_o wit_n either_o of_o a_o diverse_a species_n as_o white_a red_a etc._n etc._n at_o least_o of_o a_o diverse_a degree_n as_o more_o or_o less_o white_a for_o those_o thing_n which_o differ_v not_o in_o species_n but_o degree_n be_v part_n like_o part_v unlike_a hitherto_o may_v be_v refer_v also_o diversity_n in_o site_n ax._n 18._o external_n difference_n like_o that_o of_o conveniency_n which_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o before_o consist_v in_o such_o and_o such_o cause_n effect_n subject_n and_o adjunct_n external_n which_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o thing_n 1._o §_o so_o mouse_n generate_v by_o the_o sun_n out_o of_o putrid_a matter_n as_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v be_v distinguish_v by_o efficient_a from_o those_o mouse_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o seed_n so_o the_o eye_n and_o ear_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o ends._n hitherto_o also_o belong_v those_o thing_n that_o differ_v in_o matter_n as_o statue_n of_o marble_n and_o brass_n those_o which_o differ_v in_o form_n differ_v also_o in_o essence_n far_o water_n and_o fire_n differ_v in_o effect_n virtue_n ethical_a and_o dinoetical_a in_o subject_a for_o those_o be_v in_o the_o appetite_n these_o in_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n which_o be_v in_o the_o greek_a term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diversity_n of_o thing_n in_o internal_a adjunct_n belong_v to_o imparity_n or_o dissimilitude_n hitherto_o only_o that_o that_o consist_v in_o object_n sign_n and_o circumstance_n if_o a_o cause_n efficient_a or_o final_a subject_a or_o adjunct_n appertain_v to_o the_o essence_n or_o definition_n of_o a_o thing_n if_o any_o diversity_n be_v in_o they_o than_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v a_o external_n but_o essential_a and_o so_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o chapter_n viz._n chap._n xxii_o of_o opposition_n of_o thing_n ax._n 1_o opposition_n be_v a_o fight_n or_o battle_n of_o thing_n ax._n 2._o thing_n be_v say_v to_o fight_v which_o can_v true_o be_v affirm_v either_o of_o each_o other_o or_o the_o same_o three_o according_a to_o the_o same_o to_o the_o same_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n commentary_n 1_o §_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v by_o aristotle_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v by_o cicero_n call_v contrary_n we_o call_v they_o oppose_v of_o opposition_n one_o be_v in_o thing_n another_o in_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n that_o be_v a_o affection_n of_o simple_a this_o of_o complex_n theme_n of_o opposition_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o this_o place_n aristotle_n treat_v cap._n 10._o of_o the_o category_n of_o the_o other_o in_o his_o book_n of_o interpret_v in_o both_o four_o condition_n be_v require_v which_o be_v deliver_v cap._n 5._o of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr soph._n elench_v the_o first_o be_v that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o same_o that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o same_o part_n or_o nature_n the_o other_o be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o respect_n the_o three_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o four_o in_o the_o same_o time_n if_o with_o these_o condition_n opposite_n be_v predicate_v of_o each_o other_o the_o predication_n will_v be_v false_a as_o a_o man_n be_v a_o horse_n blindness_n be_v the_o sight_n or_o if_o both_o be_v predicate_v of_o any_o one_o three_o one_o of_o they_o must_v be_v false_a as_o socrates_n see_v socrates_n be_v blind_a if_o of_o one_o another_o or_o any_o three_o they_o be_v affirm_v true_o of_o necessity_n one_o of_o the_o condition_n must_v be_v want_v for_o example_n to_o be_v david_n lord_n and_o son_n agree_v with_o the_o same_o christ_n but_o not_o according_a to_o the_o same_o for_o christ_n be_v david_n lord_n as_o to_o his_o divine_a his_o son_n as_o to_o his_o humane_a nature_n so_o the_o number_n of_o four_o be_v both_o a_o double_a and_o a_o half_n but_o not_o to_o the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v the_o double_a of_o two_o and_o the_o half_n of_o eight_o beside_o it_o be_v true_a both_o that_o the_o world_n have_v and_o the_o world_n have_v not_o a_o beginning_n but_o not_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o the_o world_n have_v a_o beginning_n of_o duration_n but_o not_o of_o magnitude_n because_o round_o last_o it_o be_v true_a that_o of_o old_a the_o miletian_o be_v valiant_a and_o of_o old_a the_o miletian_o be_v not_o valiant_a but_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n 2._o §_o but_o although_o opposite_n can_v be_v predicate_v of_o the_o same_o save_v these_o condition_n nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v predicate_v of_o thing_n oppose_v as_o colour_n of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n animal_n of_o beast_n and_o man_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o consideration_n viz._n that_o ax._n 3_o opposite_n be_v together_o in_o nature_n and_o
of_o which_o more_o be_v to_o be_v philosophised_a in_o the_o metaphysic_n ax._n 2._o quantity_n be_v a_o accident_n which_o have_v by_o itself_o part_v out_o of_o part._n in_o which_o three_o thing_n be_v attribute_v to_o quantity_n one_a to_o have_v part_n and_o therefore_o god_n angel_n human_a soul_n point_n unite_v etc._n etc._n be_v neither_o quantity_n nor_o part_n of_o quantity_n because_o not_o consist_v of_o part_n 2_o to_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part_n that_o be_v to_o have_v part_n not_o in_o essence_n only_o but_o also_o in_o scite_fw-la and_o space_n different_a for_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o part_n some_o together_o and_o mutual_o penetrate_v each_o the_o other_o as_o matter_n and_o form_n other_o not_o but_o be_v different_a in_o scite_fw-la as_o head_n breast_n body_n limb_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o as_o these_o be_v require_v in_o quantity_n i_o say_v part_n out_o of_o part_n rather_o than_o part_n because_o quantity_n may_v have_v but_o two_o as_o in_o the_o number_n two_n three_o to_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part_n by_o itself_o because_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n and_o every_o accident_n inhere_v in_o it_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o quantity_n not_o by_o itself_o but_o quantity_n as_o magnitude_n and_o number_n and_o time_n have_v part_n out_o of_o part_n and_o that_o by_o themselves_o ax._n 3_o quantity_n be_v either_o continue_v or_o discrete_a ax._n 4._o continue_v be_v that_o who_o part_n be_v connect_v together_o by_o one_o common_a term._n ax._n 5._o discrete_a who_o part_n be_v not_o connect_v by_o one_o common_a term_n and_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o number_n number_n use_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o number_n number_v and_o number_v number_v number_n number_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o number_n in_o the_o abstract_n or_o a_o collection_n of_o unity_n itself_o as_o two_o three_o etc._n etc._n number_n number_v be_v only_a number_n in_o the_o concrete_a or_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v number_v as_o two_o man_n three_o horse_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 6._o quantity_n continue_v be_v either_o magnitude_n or_o time_n ax._n 7._o magnitude_n be_v a_o permanent_a quantity_n ax._n 8._o time_n a_o fluent_a ax._n 9_o it_o be_v term_n be_v a_o moment_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o quantity_n be_v say_v to_o be_v permanent_a which_o consist_v of_o part_n have_v a_o position_n among_o themselves_o or_o who_o part_n exist_v together_o and_o of_o which_o each_o may_v be_v show_v where_o seat_v and_o to_o which_o of_o the_o other_o part_v it_o stick_v or_o coheres_fw-la but_o the_o part_n of_o magnitude_n exist_v together_o and_o each_o of_o they_o may_v be_v show_v where_o it_o be_v seat_v and_o to_o which_o of_o the_o other_o part_v it_o coheres_fw-la but_o the_o part_n of_o time_n have_v no_o scite_fw-la because_o they_o consist_v in_o a_o continual_a flux_n nor_o have_v the_o part_n of_o number_n any_o position_n because_o they_o be_v not_o where_o seat_v neither_o do_v they_o cohere_v yet_o the_o part_n both_o of_o time_n and_o number_n have_v a_o order_n among_o themselves_o by_o which_o some_o be_v before_o other_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 10._o magnitude_n be_v either_o a_o line_n or_o a_o superficies_n or_o a_o body_n ax._n 11._o a_o line_n be_v a_o magnitude_n one_o way_n divisible_a ax._n 12._o it_o be_v term_n be_v a_o point_n ax._n 13._o a_o superficies_n be_v a_o magnitude_n and_o two_o way_n divisible_a ax._n 14._o it_o be_v term_n be_v a_o line_n ax._n 15._o a_o body_n be_v a_o magnitude_n three_o way_n divisible_a ax._n 16._o it_o be_v term_n be_v a_o superficies_n ax._n 17._o a_o term_n be_v a_o extremity_n or_o bind_v a_o line_n be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o way_n divisible_a because_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a length_n without_o breadth_n or_o depth_n as_o a_o ell_n a_o furlong_n a_o mile_n a_o superficies_n two_o because_o length_n and_o breadth_n without_o depth_n as_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n a_o body_n three_o that_o be_v into_o length_n breadth_n and_o thickness_n as_o a_o cube_n a_o sphere_n etc._n etc._n for_o although_o a_o body_n elsewhere_o signify_v a_o substance_n compose_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n yet_o in_o this_o place_n it_o denote_v nothing_o else_o but_o magnitude_n or_o quantity_n every_o way_n divisible_a in_o the_o abstract_n nor_o be_v we_o yet_o to_o imagine_v a_o longitude_n be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o breadth_n or_o a_o breadth_n without_o thickness_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o real_o separate_v but_o distinct_a only_o in_o the_o mind_n ax._n 18._o to_o superficies_n be_v reduce_v place_n place_n be_v the_o next_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n contain_v as_o the_o next_o superficies_n of_o the_o cask_n be_v the_o place_n of_o wine_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 19_o the_o note_n of_o quantity_n be_v these_o three_o first_o quantity_n have_v not_o its_o contrary_a that_o be_v by_o itself_o for_o if_o quantity_n be_v say_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o quantity_n it_o be_v because_o of_o its_o quality_n adjoin_v as_o when_o the_o winter_n season_n be_v say_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o summer_n because_o of_o the_o cold_a and_o heat_n ax._n 20._o second_o quantity_n receive_v not_o more_o and_o less_o that_o be_v be_v not_o intend_v or_o remit_v but_o it_o be_v extend_v and_o contract_v ax._n 21._o three_o thing_n be_v say_v by_o quantity_n to_o be_v equal_a or_o unequal_a i._o for_o equality_n and_o inequality_n be_v relation_n agree_v to_o thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o quantity_n ii_o hitherto_o of_o quantity_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o because_o contain_v in_o this_o one_o category_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v praedicamental_a there_o be_v also_o another_o quantity_n improper_o so_o call_v which_o consist_v not_o in_o the_o extension_n of_o part_n but_o in_o the_o perfection_n and_o virtue_n of_o every_o thing_n hence_o use_v it_o to_o be_v call_v the_o quantity_n of_o perfection_n and_o quantity_n of_o virtue_n for_o the_o essential_a perfection_n of_o thing_n and_o virtue_n be_v compose_v of_o divers_a degree_n as_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o heap_n or_o mole_n of_o several_a part_n this_o because_o diffuse_v almost_o through_o all_o the_o category_n use_v to_o be_v call_v a_o transcendental_a quantity_n iii_o to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o precept_n which_o aristotle_n give_v we_o book_n iv_o of_o his_o metaphysic_n cap._n 13._o of_o quantity_n say_v he_o some_o be_v by_o themselves_o other_o by_o accident_n those_o be_v say_v to_o be_v quantity_n by_o themselves_o in_o who_o definition_n be_v put_v quantity_n and_o these_o be_v either_o quantity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v according_a to_o their_o essence_n as_o line_n superficies_n and_o those_o other_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v beforementioned_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v affection_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v call_v quantity_n according_a to_o their_o essence_n as_o multum_fw-la parum_fw-la magnum_fw-la parvum_fw-la that_o be_v much_o little_a great_a small_a etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a if_o take_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v absolute_o for_o if_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o category_n of_o relation_n iu_o quantity_n by_o accident_n be_v say_v two_o way_n first_o those_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v quantity_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o quantity_n in_o which_o they_o be_v whether_o extend_v with_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o subject_a as_o whiteness_n in_o the_o wall_n or_o not_o as_o music_n in_o a_o man._n second_o those_o who_o divisibility_n arise_v from_o the_o divisibility_n of_o other_o thing_n as_o that_o of_o motion_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o quality_n ax._n 1_o quality_n be_v that_o accident_n by_o which_o a_o subject_a be_v say_v and_o only_o say_v to_o be_v of_o what_o quality_n it_o be_v ax._n 2._o the_o species_n of_o it_o be_v four_o habit_n and_o disposition_n natural_a power_n and_o impotency_n patible_a quality_n and_o passion_n form_n and_o figure_n two_o name_n be_v attribute_v to_o each_o single_a species_n to_o fignifie_v quality_n diverse_a rather_o in_o degree_n or_o time_n or_o other_o accidental_a circumstance_n than_o species_n or_o essence_n for_o habit_n and_o disposition_n power_n and_o impotency_n differ_v in_o degree_n patible_a quality_n and_o passion_n in_o time_n form_n and_o figure_n in_o reason_n or_o manner_n ax._n 3_o habit_n be_v a_o adventitious_a quality_n of_o operate_n or_o do_v any_o thing_n with_o ease_n ax._n 4._o disposition_n be_v a_o imperfect_a habit._n 1._o §_o habit_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v sometime_o take_v for_o whatever_o form_n which_o may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o subject_a as_o when_o oppose_v to_o privation_n so_o it_o be_v take_v in_o the_o
similitude_n accident_n in_o the_o concrete_a as_o just_o white_a etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o subject_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o matter_n accident_n in_o the_o abstract_n be_v the_o form_n in_o which_o number_n also_o be_v work_n perform_v by_o art_n of_o this_o place_n also_o be_v those_o thing_n in_o which_o be_v distinguish_v material_a and_o formal_a or_o in_o which_o there_o be_v something_o analogous_a to_o matter_n and_o form_n so_o the_o matter_n of_o discipline_n be_v precept_n the_o form_n method_n of_o interpretation_n voice_n the_o form_n signification_n this_o whole_a use_n to_o be_v call_v physical_a because_o physics_n vindicate_v to_o themselves_o the_o consideration_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n vulgar_o it_o be_v call_v essential_a ax._n 12._o a_o integral_a whole_a be_v that_o which_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part._n 1._o §_o now_o essential_a part_n be_v real_o different_a for_o matter_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o form_n another_o but_o yet_o one_o part_n be_v not_o out_o of_o another_o for_o matter_n permeate_n matter_n and_o inform_v all_o its_o part_n but_o part_n integral_a because_o each_o be_v endue_v with_o his_o proper_a quantity_n not_o only_o differ_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o site_n or_o at_o least_o order_n so_o that_o one_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o another_o for_o this_o it_o be_v to_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part._n for_o example_n the_o part_n of_o the_o human_a body_n be_v head_n breast_n belly_n limb_n of_o the_o which_o one_o contain_v not_o another_o so_o the_o part_n of_o number_n be_v divers_a and_o one_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o another_o this_o whole_a be_v term_v mathematical_a because_o quantity_n be_v of_o mathematical_a consideration_n vulgar_o integral_a more_o proper_o integrate_a ax._n 13._o a_o integral_a whole_a be_v either_o continue_a or_o discrete_a ax._n 14._o both_o be_v divide_v into_o homogeneal_a and_o heterogenal_a that_o be_v similar_v and_o dissimilar_v ax._n 15._o homogeneal_a be_v that_o which_o have_v part_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o nature_n ax._n 16._o heterogeneal_a of_o a_o diverse_a 1._o §_o this_o distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a integral_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o hist_n an._n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 2._o of_o the_o part_n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 1._o of_o the_o gener._n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o for_o example_n inanimate_a substance_n as_o water_n wine_n flesh_n also_o magnitude_n motion_n and_o time_n be_v whole_n homogeneal_a continual_a the_o body_n of_o animate_v heterogeneal_a continual_a number_n as_o three_o ten_o be_v whole_n homogeneal_a discrete_a a_o army_n church_n the_o world_n heterogeneal_a and_o of_o the_o same_o denomination_n ax._n 17._o a_o part_n heterogeneal_a be_v either_o principal_a or_o less_o principal_a ax._n 18._o that_o be_v a_o principal_a by_o who_o ablation_n or_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a be_v destroy_v ax._n 19_o the_o less_o by_o who_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a be_v only_o maim_v or_o mutilate_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n hand_n brain_n heart_n liver_n be_v principal_a part_n of_o man_n because_o these_o take_v away_o of_o necessity_n the_o man_n must_v die_v foot_n hand_n ear_n etc._n etc._n be_v less_o principal_a because_o these_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a a_o man_n shall_v die_v ax._n 20._o a_o whole_a by_o accident_n be_v chief_o say_v four_o way_n and_o first_o of_o a_o cause_n of_o divers_a effect_n second_o a_o effect_n of_o divers_a cause_n three_o of_o a_o subject_a of_o divers_a adjunct_n fourthly_a of_o a_o adjunct_n of_o divers_a subject_n 1._o §_o first_o a_o cause_n of_o divers_a effect_n and_o so_o a_o plant_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a because_o of_o plant_n some_o heat_n other_o cool_a etc._n etc._n second_o a_o effect_n of_o divers_a cause_n as_o mouse_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o sun_n other_o of_o mouse_n etc._n etc._n three_o a_o subject_a of_o divers_a adjunct_n as_o man_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v bond_n some_o free_a some_o good_a some_o bad_a etc._n etc._n a_o adjunct_n of_o divers_a subject_n as_o disease_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n some_o the_o body_n these_o again_o either_o of_o the_o brain_n eye_n light_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xv._o of_o cause_n and_o cause_v in_o general_n ax._n 1_o a_o cause_n be_v that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o which_o a_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v commentary_n 1._o §_o principle_n element_n and_o cause_n be_v word_n that_o be_v ally_v in_o signification_n principle_n be_v either_o large_o take_v or_o strict_o large_o it_o be_v define_v book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaphysic_n cap._n 1._o to_o be_v the_o first_o from_o whence_o any_o thing_n be_v or_o exist_v or_o be_v know_v more_o strict_o book_v 4._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 5._o where_o principle_n be_v define_v to_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v neither_o from_o one_o another_o nor_o other_o and_o of_o and_o from_o which_o be_v all_o thing_n in_o this_o sense_n there_o be_v only_o reckon_v three_o viz._n matter_n form_n and_o privation_n the_o definition_n of_o element_n be_v extant_a book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaphysic_n cap._n 3._o and_o be_v thus_o a_o element_n be_v that_o our_o of_o which_o any_o thing_n at_o the_o first_o be_v compound_v in_o which_o it_o be_v and_o which_o in_o its_o own_o species_n be_v indivisible_a into_o any_o other_o species_n 2._o §_o cause_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v which_o confer_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o thing_n existence_n and_o therefore_o privation_n can_v be_v a_o cause_n because_o it_o confer_v nothing_o but_o only_o towards_o its_o mutation_n ax._n 2._o a_o cause_v be_v that_o which_o be_v constitute_v of_o its_o cause_n ax._n 3_o the_o cause_n be_v before_o it_o be_v cause_v both_o in_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n 1._o §_o in_o nature_n because_o the_o cause_v depend_v upon_o the_o cause_n knowledge_n that_o be_v simple_o and_o distinct_a knowledge_n which_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n for_o to_o we_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o know_v than_o it_o because_o near_o to_o the_o sense_n for_o from_o the_o sense_n do_v we_o derive_v all_o our_o sensible_a knowledge_n ax._n 4._o the_o cause_n be_v four_o viz._n matter_n form_n efficient_a and_o end_n 1._o §_o this_o partition_n be_v extant_a book_n 2._o of_o the_o post_n cap._n 2._o book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 3._o and_o book_n 4._o cap._n 2._o and_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o best_a reason_n for_o whatever_o be_v make_v be_v make_v by_o another_o for_o nothing_o be_v make_v by_o its_o self_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o efficient_a cause_n nothing_o finite_a can_v produce_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o nothing_o there_o be_v therefore_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o form_n which_o be_v introduce_v upon_o that_o matter_n when_o thing_n be_v make_v nothing_o last_o act_n without_o design_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o end_n for_o who_o sake_n the_o cause_n efficient_a act_n ax._n 5._o the_o cause_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v call_v the_o compose_v of_o the_o efficient_a the_o effect_n of_o the_o end_n the_o mean_n or_o design_v and_o these_o differ_v not_o in_o reality_n but_o reason_n 1_o §_o and_o since_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o cause_v four_o cause_n concur_v as_o in_o all_o corporeal_a thing_n there_o do_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o seem_v strange_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n shall_v be_v call_v compose_v effect_v mean_n etc._n etc._n according_a as_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o divers_a cause_n ax._n 6._o in_o every_o genus_fw-la there_o be_v a_o certain_a subordination_n of_o cause_n ax._n 7._o subordinate_a be_v those_o that_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o 1._o §_o to_o wit_n either_o as_o to_o their_o existence_n and_o so_o the_o son_n upon_o the_o father_n the_o father_n upon_o the_o grandfather_n or_o causality_n and_o so_o the_o quill_n upon_o the_o hand_n in_o write_v or_o both_o and_o so_o the_o second_o cause_n upon_o the_o first_o or_o creature_n upon_o god_n ax._n 8._o cause_n likewise_o be_v say_v either_o to_o be_v essential_o or_o accidental_o subordinate_v ax._n 9_o essential_o be_v those_o of_o which_o one_o depend_v upon_o another_o when_o and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v ax._n 10._o accidental_o of_o which_o one_o indeed_o depend_v upon_o another_o but_o not_o when_o or_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v 1._o §_o and_o so_o a_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n subordinate_v by_o accident_n first_o when_o it_o depend_v indeed_o upon_o a_o superior_a cause_n but_o not_o when_o that_o be_v when_o it_o cause_n and_o this_o be_v effect_v when_o it_o depend_v upon_o it_o
9th_o theorem_a of_o the_o former_a chapter_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o ax._n 6._o imperfect_a definition_n arbitrary_a be_v when_o decline_a or_o reject_v a_o perfect_a definition_n we_o draw_v the_o thing_n in_o gross_a either_o for_o delectation_n sake_n or_o that_o we_o may_v attemper_v our_o definition_n to_o the_o capacity_n of_o other_o ax._n 7._o of_o imperfect_a there_o be_v several_a species_n of_o which_o those_o approach_n near_o to_o the_o perfect_a desinition_n which_o agree_v most_o with_o the_o law_n of_o definition_n which_o we_o have_v but_o now_o before_o propose_v ax._n 8._o the_o principal_a species_n of_o they_o be_v these_o first_o when_o a_o proper_a accident_n be_v define_v only_o by_o a_o external_n cause_n 1._o §_o as_o a_o eclipse_n be_v a_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n death_n be_v a_o extinction_n of_o the_o vital_a heat_n this_o be_v call_v a_o definition_n causal_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o in_o the_o greek_a book_n 2._o post_n cap._n 10._o ax._n 9_o second_o by_o genus_fw-la and_o subject_a not_o mention_v the_o cause_n 1._o §_o as_o a_o eclipse_n be_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n in_o the_o moon_n death_n be_v the_o exit_fw-la of_o the_o live_n and_o by_o this_o the_o causal_a definition_n be_v effect_v a_o perfect_a definition_n of_o a_o proper_a accident_n as_o a_o eclipse_n be_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n in_o the_o moon_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n interposition_n diametrical_o betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n death_n be_v the_o interritus_fw-la of_o the_o live_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o vital_a heat_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 10._o the_o three_o species_n of_o imperfect_a definition_n be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o genus_fw-la and_o of_o one_o or_o more_o propriety_n 1._o §_o as_o a_o dog_n be_v a_o bark_a beast_n man_n be_v a_o risible_a animal_n a_o loadstone_n that_o which_o draw_v iron_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v define_v substance_n who_o essential_a difference_n be_v conceal_v from_o we_o as_o be_v beforesaid_a ax._n 11._o the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o a_o enumeration_n of_o part_n or_o species_n 1._o §_o as_o logic_n be_v a_o art_n of_o defining_n divide_v argue_v and_o order_v well_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o law_n act_n of_o senate_n judgement_n authority_n of_o lawyer_n usage_n last_o and_o equality_n as_o cicero_n say_v in_o his_o topic_n ax._n 12._o the_o five_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o removement_n of_o its_o opposite_a as_o that_o of_o horace_n viz._n virtus_fw-la est_fw-la vitium_fw-la fugere_fw-la et_fw-la sapientia_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la stultitiâ_fw-la caruisse_fw-la i_o e._n virtue_n be_v to_o fly_v vice_n and_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o wisdom_n be_v to_o be_v void_a of_o folly_n ax._n 13._o the_o six_o when_o the_o relate_v be_v define_v by_o the_o correlate_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o foundation_n 1._o §_o as_o he_o be_v a_o master_n that_o have_v a_o servant_n a_o father_n that_o have_v child_n teacher_n or_o master_n that_o have_v disciple_n ax._n 14._o the_o seven_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o coacervation_n or_o heap_v up_o of_o circumstance_n and_o common_a adjunct_n 1._o §_o and_o this_o proper_o be_v a_o description_n although_o use_n have_v now_o obtain_v that_o every_o imperfect_a definition_n be_v call_v a_o description_n for_o example_n man_n be_v a_o two-footed_a animal_n uncover_v with_o hair_n or_o feather_n of_o a_o erect_a countenance_n and_o endue_v with_o hand_n which_o formula_fw-la of_o definition_n be_v use_v by_o historian_n and_o poet_n in_o the_o description_n of_o person_n fact_n place_n and_o the_o like_a singular_a thing_n 2._o §_o boethius_n add_v other_o species_n of_o this_o imperfect_a definition_n as_o be_v first_o definition_n by_o way_n of_o metaphor_n as_o when_o youth_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o flower_n of_o age_n age_n the_o winter_n of_o life_n sleep_v to_o be_v the_o image_n of_o death_n etc._n etc._n second_o by_o way_n of_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v to_o which_o belong_v eulogy_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o thing_n either_o by_o way_n of_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v as_o when_o history_n be_v by_o cicero_n book_n 2._o of_o his_o orat._n describe_v to_o be_v the_o witness_n of_o time_n the_o light_n of_o truth_n the_o life_n of_o memory_n the_o mistress_n of_o life_n and_o the_o messenger_n of_o antiquity_n or_o when_o philosophy_n be_v describe_v by_o plato_n to_o be_v a_o similitude_n with_o god_n as_o much_o as_o in_o man_n lie_v pleasure_n the_o food_n of_o evil_n anger_v a_o short_a madness_n or_o voluntary_a distraction_n three_o by_o way_n of_o periphrasis_n as_o homer_n be_v the_o writer_n of_o the_o trojan_a war._n four_o difference_n as_o hatred_n be_v that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a than_o anger_n five_o example_n or_o instance_n as_o a_o animal_n be_v a_o man_n a_o horse_n etc._n etc._n six_o what_o it_o want_v of_o its_o genus_fw-la as_o a_o deunx_n be_v a_o roman_a pound_n want_v a_o ounce_n etc._n etc._n but_o yet_o all_o these_o be_v such_o as_o hardly_o if_o at_o all_o merit_n the_o name_n of_o definition_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o investigation_n or_o quaest_n of_o definition_n ax._n 1_o definition_n be_v collect_v from_o division_n or_o induction_n or_o demonstration_n or_o etymology_n or_o derivation_n or_o last_o from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o contrary_a commentary_n 1._o §_o and_o by_o way_n of_o division_n thus_o when_o division_n be_v make_v of_o the_o chief_a genus_fw-la and_o subordinate_a species_n under_o which_o the_o define_v be_v contain_v as_o far_o as_o the_o define_v itself_o all_o the_o essential_a attribute_n be_v collect_v out_o of_o which_o its_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v frame_v after_o this_o manner_n let_v we_o search_v for_o the_o definition_n of_o man._n man_n be_v a_o substance_n but_o because_o a_o angel_n be_v also_o a_o substance_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v how_o man_n differ_v from_o a_o angel_n substance_n ought_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o corporeal_a and_o incorporeal_a a_o man_n be_v a_o body_n a_o angel_n without_o a_o body_n but_o a_o stone_n also_o be_v a_o body_n that_o therefore_o a_o man_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o stone_n divide_v bodily_a or_o corporeal_a substance_n into_o animate_v and_o inanimate_a that_o be_v with_o or_o without_o a_o soul_n man_n be_v a_o corporeal_a substance_n animate_v stone_n inanimate_a but_o plant_n be_v also_o animate_v let_v we_o divide_v therefore_o again_o corporal_a substance_n animate_v into_o feel_v and_o void_a of_o feel_v man_n feel_v a_o plant_n not_o but_o a_o horse_n also_o feel_v and_o likewise_o other_o beast_n divide_v we_o therefore_o animate_v corporal_a feel_v substance_n into_o rational_a and_o irrational_a here_o therefore_o be_v we_o to_o stand_v since_o it_o appear_v that_o every_o and_o only_a man_n be_v rational_a from_o hence_o therefore_o may_v be_v collect_v this_o definition_n viz._n that_o man_n be_v a_o corporeal_a substance_n live_v feel_v rational_a or_o lest_o in_o definition_n of_o the_o species_n be_v put_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la a_o rational_a animal_n this_o method_n aristotle_n deliver_v book_n 2._o post_n cap._n 13._o and_o there_o advise_v in_o this_o series_n of_o division_n no_o essential_a difference_n be_v pass_v by_o i_o add_v also_o that_o no_o accidental_a must_v be_v adhibit_v 2._o §_o by_o induction_n thus_o viz._n when_o the_o essential_a attribute_n of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o define_v be_v compare_v together_o reject_v those_o that_o appear_v proper_a to_o the_o singular_n the_o definition_n be_v confect_v of_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o seek_v we_o thus_o the_o definition_n of_o animal_n under_o animal_n be_v contain_v man_n horse_n lion_n etc._n etc._n the_o essential_a attribute_n of_o these_o be_v corporeal_a substance_n live_v feel_v these_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o property_n of_o man_n be_v to_o be_v rational_a irrational_a be_v common_a to_o the_o horse_n and_o lion_n the_o property_n of_o a_o horse_n be_v to_o whinny_v lion_n to_o roar_v that_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v the_o definition_n of_o animal_n rational_a irrational_a whinny_v roar_a be_v to_o be_v reject_v as_o be_v too_o straight_o from_o the_o rest_n such_o a_o definition_n as_o this_o will_v arise_v viz._n that_o a_o animal_n be_v a_o live_n feel_v corporeal_a substance_n etc._n etc._n this_o method_n aristotle_n deliver_v in_o the_o place_n now_o last_v cite_v 3._o §_o demonstration_n be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v treat_v of_o 4._o §_o as_o for_o etymology_n it_o often_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o thing_n which_o with_o the_o genus_fw-la may_v constitute_v a_o definition_n so_o because_o arithmetic_n be_v so_o say_v 〈◊〉_d
man_n differ_v from_o another_o because_o one_o sit_v the_o other_o stand_v one_o be_v silent_a the_o other_o speak_v or_o from_o itself_o so_o hector_n seem_v to_o aencas_n when_o he_o appear_v to_o he_o in_o a_o dream_n to_o differ_v from_o that_o hector_n who_o return_v clad_v with_o the_o spoil_n of_o achilles_n difference_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v that_o by_o which_o one_o thing_n differ_v from_o another_o by_o a_o inseparable_a accident_n or_o propriety_n as_o a_o crow_n from_o a_o swan_n because_o this_o be_v white_a that_o black_a both_o of_o these_o difference_n be_v accidental_a the_o difference_n most_o proper_a with_o porphyry_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v essential_a as_o when_o a_o man_n because_o endue_v with_o reason_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v from_o brute_n beast_n 2._o §_o every_o difference_n say_v porphyry_n adjoin_v to_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v it_o to_o be_v other_o than_o it_o be_v accidental_a that_o it_o be_v dislike_n or_o other_o way_n affect_v essential_a that_o it_o be_v quite_o different_a whence_o by_o the_o greek_n they_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v specific_a ax._n 5._o the_o office_n of_o essential_a difference_n be_v two_o to_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o species_n 1._o §_o as_o it_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la it_o be_v call_v divisive_a as_o it_o constitute_v the_o species_n constitutive_a or_o completive_a because_o it_o complete_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o species_n when_o it_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o genus_fw-la difference_n therefore_o divisive_a and_o constitutive_a be_v not_o two_o diverse_a difference_n but_o office_n of_o the_o same_o difference_n the_o high_a genus_n have_v no_o constitutive_a difference_n because_o first_o and_o immediate_o diverse_a and_o the_o low_a species_n have_v no_o divisive_a because_o individual_n agree_v in_o their_o whole_a essence_n but_o accidental_a difference_n belong_v to_o the_o follow_a predicable_n only_o essential_a to_o this_o place_n and_o be_v so_o define_v ax._n 6._o difference_n be_v that_o which_o be_v predicate_v essential_o of_o many_o thing_n different_a whether_o in_o number_n or_o species_n in_o the_o question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v of_o what_o quality_n a_o thing_n be_v 1._o §_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o low_a species_n be_v predicate_v of_o many_o thing_n different_a in_o number_n as_o rational_a of_o plato_n and_o socrates_n etc._n etc._n those_o of_o species_n subaltern_n in_o species_n as_o to_o be_v endue_v with_o sense_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n difference_n be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v in_o the_o question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v of_o what_o quality_n a_o thing_n be_v because_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a quality_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o genus_fw-la be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n indetermine_v be_v determine_v and_o as_o one_o may_v say_v qualify_v by_o difference_n for_o to_o one_o ask_v what_o sort_n of_o animal_n be_v man_n it_o be_v apt_o answer_v a_o rational_a difference_n be_v say_v to_o be_v essential_o predicate_v because_o put_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o species_n and_o predicate_v synonymous_o of_o it_o that_o be_v as_o to_o name_n and_o definition_n and_o therein_o be_v difference_n distinguish_v from_o propriety_n and_o accident_n chap._n xiii_o of_o property_n and_o accident_n ax._n 1_o proper_a be_v that_o which_o declare_v not_o what_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o be_v only_o in_o it_o and_o reciprocate_v with_o it_o commentary_n 1._o §_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v by_o porphyry_n to_o be_v proper_a four_o way_n first_o that_o which_o agree_v and_o convene_v to_o one_o only_a species_n and_o not_o to_o all_o its_o individual_n so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o be_v musical_a second_o that_o which_o convene_v to_o all_o the_o individual_n of_o any_o one_o species_n but_o not_o to_o it_o only_o and_o so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o be_v two-footed_n three_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o one_o only_a species_n and_o all_o its_o individual_n but_o not_o always_o so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o laugh_v four_o that_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o one_o species_n and_o all_o its_o individual_n and_o always_o and_o so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o be_v risible_a or_o a_o laugh_a creature_n 2._o §_o the_o four_o of_o these_o property_n porphyry_n call_v proper_o proper_a for_o the_o rest_n say_v he_o be_v only_o proper_a in_o some_o respect_n and_o for_o some_o time_n 3._o §_o this_o definition_n of_o property_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o topic_n cap._n 5._o property_n say_v he_o do_v not_o declare_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o follow_v it_o reciprocate_v with_o that_o in_o which_o alone_o they_o be_v that_o be_v with_o the_o first_o and_o proximate_a subject_n not_o those_o contain_v under_o that_o proximate_a subject_n for_o of_o property_n some_o be_v of_o genus_n other_o species_n the_o property_n of_o genus_n with_o genus_n not_o species_n and_o those_o of_o species_n with_o species_n not_o individual_n be_v to_o be_v confer_v and_o reciprocate_v so_o to_o be_v of_o quantity_n be_v reciprocate_v with_o natural_a body_n and_o not_o the_o heaven_n or_o element_n or_o stone_n and_o risibility_n be_v to_o be_v reciprocate_v with_o man_n not_o socrates_n or_o plato_n when_o the_o property_n then_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v predicate_v of_o the_o species_n as_o when_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o quantity_n or_o the_o property_n of_o the_o species_n with_o the_o individual_a as_o when_o plato_n be_v say_v to_o be_v risible_a the_o predication_n be_v not_o of_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o subject_a nor_o yet_o the_o property_n for_o the_o number_n of_o predicable_a arise_v from_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o proximate_a subject_n for_o those_o compare_v with_o the_o remote_a be_v not_o of_o this_o place_n as_o have_v be_v beforesaid_a ax._n 2._o property_n either_o flow_n from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a or_o from_o external_n cause_n 1._o §_o propers_n either_o flow_v immediate_o from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a as_o risibility_n from_o the_o rational_a soul_n quantity_n from_o the_o essence_n of_o natural_a body_n or_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o other_o property_n so_o to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o quantity_n but_o now_o a_o eclipse_n which_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o moon_n flow_v not_o from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o from_o a_o external_n cause_n to_o wit_n the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n these_o be_v not_o absolute_o proper_a but_o only_o from_o supposition_n of_o some_o external_n cause_n which_o cause_n yet_o be_v in_o be_v they_o be_v no_o less_o necessary_o in_o their_o subject_n than_o the_o other_o ax._n 3_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v so_o necessary_o in_o it_o that_o they_o can_v be_v separate_a from_o it_o so_o much_o as_o in_o thought_n 1._o §_o so_o that_o he_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o a_o contradiction_n that_o shall_v say_v or_o think_v that_o the_o property_n be_v absent_a from_o it_o for_o whosoever_o say_v or_o think_v a_o body_n be_v not_o quantity_n or_o that_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o hot_a say_v or_o think_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v or_o think_v a_o body_n be_v not_o a_o body_n or_o a_o fire_n a_o fire_n ax._n 4._o property_n can_v be_v communicate_v to_o subject_n of_o different_a species_n 1._o §_o let_v no_o body_n call_v that_o a_o property_n say_v aristotle_n book_n 4._o of_o the_o topic_n cap._n 5._o which_o may_v be_v in_o another_o for_o since_o property_n flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a if_o property_n shall_v be_v communicate_v of_o necessity_n also_o the_o essence_n will_v be_v communicate_v for_o if_o risibility_n or_o rationability_n can_v be_v communicate_v to_o a_o horse_n a_o horse_n will_v be_v a_o man_n if_o quantity_n to_o a_o spirit_n a_o spirit_n will_v be_v a_o body_n and_o if_o to_o be_v every_o where_o to_o a_o creature_n a_o creature_n will_v be_v god_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 5._o as_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o their_o absolute_a subject_n so_o be_v property_n also_o which_o flow_v from_o a_o external_n cause_n to_o they_o the_o cause_n be_v put_v 1._o §_o so_o although_o the_o moon_n do_v not_o always_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n yet_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v as_o necessary_a it_o shall_v suffer_v a_o eclipse_n as_o that_o a_o body_n shall_v be_v a_o quantity_n or_o that_o the_o fire_n shall_v be_v hot_a etc._n etc._n
8_o and_o 12_o so_o the_o sun_n and_o mouse_n as_o most_o think_v be_v analogical_a efficient_n of_o those_o mouse_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o matter_n and_o seed_n etc._n etc._n and_o bone_n and_o root_n analogous_n mean_v destinate_a to_o the_o nourishment_n of_o animal_n and_o plant_n ax._n 9_o simple_a convenience_n be_v either_o essential_a or_o accidental_a essential_a be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v identity_n ax._n 10._o identity_n be_v a_o unity_n of_o essence_n ax._n 11._o those_o thing_n say_v the_o philosopher_n be_v the_o same_o who_o essence_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o 1._o §_o the_o first_o of_o these_o definition_n be_v in_o book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaph._n cap._n 9_o the_o last_o in_o book_n the_o same_o cap._n 15._o ax._n 12._o identity_n be_v either_o subordinate_a or_o coordinate_a ax._n 13._o the_o subordinate_a be_v that_o in_o which_o superior_n agree_v with_o their_o inferior_n subordinate_a to_o they_o 1._o §_o so_o genus_fw-la with_o species_n and_o species_n with_o individual_n subject_a to_o they_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a and_o thus_o animal_n and_o man_n man_n and_o socrates_n whiteness_n and_o colour_n be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n ax._n 14._o coordinate_a identity_n be_v either_o numerical_a specifical_a or_o generical_a ax._n 15._o numerical_a of_o one_o individual_a with_o itself_o ax._n 16._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o same_o say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o number_n who_o matter_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o 1._o §_o this_o definition_n be_v take_v out_o of_o book_n 1._o of_o the_o metaph._n cap._n 15._o where_o by_o the_o name_n of_o matter_n the_o philosopher_n understand_v that_o collection_n of_o propriaty_n which_o can_v never_o be_v the_o same_o in_o any_o other_o so_o peter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o himself_o not_o any_o other_o 2._o §_o furthermore_o there_o be_v four_o sort_n of_o modes_n recite_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o one_a book_n of_o his_o top._n cap._n 7._o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o number_n viz._n 1._o synonymous_n word_n as_o sword_n and_o rapier_n 2._o definition_n and_o define_v as_o man_n and_o rational_a animal_n 3._o subject_a and_o its_o propriety_n as_o man_n and_o risible_a 4._o subject_a and_o its_o common_a accident_n as_o socrates_n and_o he_o who_o dispute_v in_o the_o academy_n when_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o socrates_n only_o dispute_v to_o these_o add_v a_o five_o out_o of_o book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaph._n cap._n 6._o where_o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o number_n which_o be_v continual_a whether_o by_o natural_a or_o artificial_a continuity_n as_o a_o perch_n a_o house_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 17._o specifical_a identity_n be_v the_o identity_n of_o many_o individual_n under_o the_o same_o species_n ax._n 18._o those_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o in_o species_n who_o ratio_fw-la of_o essence_n be_v one_o or_o which_o when_o many_o differ_v not_o in_o species_n as_o socrates_n and_o plato_n and_o bucephalus_n and_o hirpinus_n melampus_n and_o phylax_n ax._n 19_o generical_a that_o of_o many_o species_n or_o individual_n under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la ax._n 20._o those_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o in_o genus_fw-la which_o be_v under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la that_o be_v either_o the_o next_o as_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o their_o individual_n under_o animal_n or_o remote_a as_o body_n and_o spirit_n and_o their_o species_n and_o individuals_n under_o substance_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 21._o accidental_a convenience_n be_v either_o internal_a or_o external_n and_o internal_a be_v either_o parity_n or_o simitude_n ax._n 22._o parity_n be_v a_o convenience_n in_o quantity_n for_o ax._n 23._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v equal_a who_o quantity_n be_v one_o viz._n either_o in_o bulk_n virtue_n or_o perfection_n ax._n 24._o similitude_n be_v either_o in_o quality_n or_o passion_n ax._n 25._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v alike_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o which_o have_v suffer_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o more_o of_o the_o same_o thing_n than_o of_o other_o and_o who_o quality_n be_v one_o 1._o §_o suffer_v we_o say_v not_o do_v because_o the_o action_n be_v not_o in_o the_o agent_n but_o patient_n who_o quality_n be_v one_o that_o be_v either_o in_o degree_n or_o species_n not_o improper_o also_o may_v you_o reduce_v hitherto_o convenience_n in_o site_n for_o a_o egg_n be_v like_a unto_o a_o egg_n because_o of_o its_o colour_n and_o figure_n etc._n etc._n note_n of_o similitude_n be_v such_o as_o these_o like_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o as_o though_o alike_o after_o the_o same_o sort_n not_o otherwise_o not_o contrariwise_o etc._n etc._n when_o the_o similitude_n be_v explain_v by_o way_n of_o proposition_n and_o answer_n or_o return_v it_o become_v analogy_n ax._n 26._o external_n convenience_n be_v a_o conveniency_n in_o such_o and_o such_o cause_n effect_n subject_n or_o adjunct_n external_n which_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o essence_n 1._o §_o so_o two_o own_o brother_n agree_v in_o efficient_a house_n and_o clothes_n in_o end_n for_o the_o end_n of_o both_o be_v to_o repel_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o heaven_n hitherto_o also_o may_v be_v reduce_v those_o thing_n which_o agree_v in_o matter_n as_o snow_n and_o hail_n wind_n and_o earthquake_n for_o although_o matter_n be_v a_o internal_a cause_n yet_o it_o contribute_v nothing_o to_o the_o specifical_a essence_n for_o those_o thing_n which_o agree_v nâ—_n form_n agree_v in_o essence_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n farther_o two_o artificer_n agree_v in_o effect_n virtue_n and_o vice_n in_o subject_a for_o both_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n the_o convenience_n of_o thing_n in_o adjunct_n be_v various_a convenience_n in_o internal_a appertain_v to_o parity_n and_o similitude_n hitherto_o only_o that_o in_o object_n sign_n and_o circumstance_n but_o if_o cause_v efficient_a or_o final_a subject_a or_o adjunct_n be_v put_v into_o the_o essential_a definition_n of_o thing_n and_o then_o a_o agreement_n be_v in_o they_o such_o a_o agreement_n than_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v external_n but_o essential_a chap._n xxi_o of_o diversity_n or_o distinction_n of_o thing_n ax._n 1_o diversity_n be_v that_o affection_n by_o which_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o ax._n 2._o and_o be_v either_o real_a rational_a or_o modal_n ax._n 3_o real_a be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v either_o from_o another_o thing_n or_o from_o the_o negation_n of_o itself_o commentary_n another_o as_o peter_z from_o paul_n blackness_n from_o whiteness_n etc._n etc._n negation_n of_o its_o self_n as_o sight_n from_o blindness_n light_n from_o darkness_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o a_o diversity_n of_o reason_n be_v that_o by_o which_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v only_o in_o conception_n 1._o §_o which_o happen_v when_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v not_o understand_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o 〈…〉_o the_o schoolman_n divide_v it_o in_o their_o manner_n 〈…〉_o barbarous_o into_o distinction_n of_o reason_n 〈…〉_o reason_n reason_v for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o reason_n be_v a_o common_a name_n and_o agree_v both_o to_o the_o understanding_n and_o essence_n of_o thing_n as_o explain_v in_o definition_n quiddity_n they_o common_o call_v it_o the_o intellect_n they_o call_v reason_n reason_v quiddity_n reason_n reason_v and_o therefore_o the_o distinction_n of_o reason_n reason_v among_o scholastics_n be_v that_o which_o be_v constitute_v by_o the_o understanding_n itself_o which_o be_v when_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v by_o two_o or_o more_o and_o those_o resemble_v conception_n reason_n reason_v when_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n there_o be_v find_v one_o and_o another_o quiddity_n or_o definition_n then_o effect_v when_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v object_v to_o dissimilous_a conception_n conception_n be_v say_v to_o be_v alike_o when_o they_o represent_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n unlike_o when_o a_o different_a for_o example_n shall_v any_o one_o conceive_v peter_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o himself_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n conceive_v peter_n twice_o and_o likewise_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v conceive_v peter_n to_o be_v a_o man_n or_o a_o animal_n he_o must_v also_o of_o necessity_n consider_v he_o twice_o but_o after_o another_o and_o another_o manner_n for_o the_o conception_n by_o which_o peter_n be_v conceive_v as_o peter_n be_v unlike_a to_o that_o conception_n by_o which_o the_o same_o peter_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o man_n or_o as_o a_o animal_n 2._o §_o the_o distinction_n of_o reason_n reason_v and_o reason_v may_v be_v discern_v by_o this_o sign_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o reason_n reason_v be_v predicate_v the_o one_o of_o the_o other_o
that_o ax._n 4._o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v the_o same_o 1._o §_o the_o first_o of_o these_o axiom_n be_v extant_a book_n 6._o of_o the_o top._n cap._n 4._o the_o latter_a book_n 1._o of_o the_o top._n cap._n 14.2_o cap._n 2.6_o cap._n 6._o and_o almost_o every_o where_n the_o mean_v of_o the_o last_o may_v be_v twofold_a and_o first_o that_o both_o appertain_v to_o one_o science_n as_o that_o the_o same_o which_o for_o instance_n treat_v of_o virtue_n may_v also_o treat_v of_o vice_n and_o of_o disease_n also_o of_o health_n second_o that_o one_o opposite_a be_v know_v the_o other_o may_v be_v know_v also_o 5th_o ax._n 5._o opposite_n place_v near_o to_o each_o other_o be_v the_o more_o illustrate_v 1._o §_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o old_a say_v which_o be_v deliver_v book_n 3._o of_o the_o rhetor._n cap._n 2._o contrary_n by_o contrary_n be_v illustrate_v the_o use_v of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v cap._n 2._o of_o the_o rhet._n where_o the_o contrary_a affect_v and_o manner_n of_o young_a and_o old_a man_n be_v so_o confer_v together_o that_o by_o the_o mutual_a collation_n of_o they_o they_o be_v very_o much_o illustrate_v ax._n 6._o the_o species_n of_o opposite_n be_v five_o viz._n disparate_v contrary_n relative_o oppose_v privative_o oppose_v and_o contradicting_n and_o we_o prove_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n viz._n 1._o §_o a_o opposite_a be_v either_o oppose_v to_o many_o or_o one_o those_o of_o which_o one_o be_v oppose_v to_o many_o be_v call_v disparate_v when_o one_o to_o one_o the_o opposition_n be_v either_o between_o be_v and_o not_o be_v or_o between_o be_v and_o be_v those_o oppose_v as_o be_v and_o be_v be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relate_v those_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contrary_n these_o relative_o oppose_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v oppose_v as_o be_v and_o not_o be_v either_o have_v the_o same_o subject_a or_o they_o have_v not_o those_o that_o have_v the_o same_o subject_a be_v say_v to_o be_v privative_o oppose_v those_o that_o have_v not_o to_o be_v contradicting_n 2._o §_o aristotle_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o disparate_v in_o his_o logick_n where_o he_o profess_o treat_v of_o the_o species_n of_o opposite_n but_o yet_o he_o do_v in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o metaph._n cap._n 10._o where_o he_o call_v they_o diverse_a in_o species_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v affect_v after_o a_o contrary_a manner_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o essence_n but_o to_o proceed_v ax._n 7._o disparate_v be_v those_o of_o which_o one_o be_v oppose_v to_o many_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n 1._o §_o so_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o white_a and_o blue_n be_v disparate_v because_o man_n be_v not_o only_o oppose_v to_o horse_n but_o also_o to_o dog_n lion_n and_o other_o species_n of_o beast_n and_o white_a not_o only_o to_o blue_n but_o also_o to_o red_a green_n and_o the_o other_o mediate_a colour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la of_o opposition_n but_o now_o black_a and_o white_a be_v not_o disparate_v notwithstanding_o they_o may_v be_v oppose_v not_o only_o to_o black_a but_o also_o to_o the_o middle_a colour_n for_o because_o white_a be_v other_o way_n oppose_v to_o black_a than_o it_o be_v to_o the_o middle_a colour_n so_o neither_o freeman_n and_o servant_n be_v disparate_v notwithstanding_o servant_n be_v not_o only_o oppose_v to_o freeman_n but_o also_o to_o master_n because_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o opposition_n in_o both_o be_v not_o the_o same_o for_o servant_n and_o master_n be_v relative_n whilst_o freeman_n and_o servant_n be_v contrary_n which_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o next_o axiom_n viz._n that_o ax._n 8._o contrary_n be_v two_o absolute_a thing_n the_o far_a distant_a under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la 1._o §_o aristotle_n cap._n 6._o of_o the_o categ_n define_v contrary_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n to_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o far_a distant_a under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la but_o that_o definition_n seem_v to_o be_v less_o full_a because_o it_o suit_v also_o with_o disparate_v and_o those_o that_o be_v relative_o oppose_v 2._o §_o contrary_n be_v two_o so_o say_v because_o in_o this_o respect_n they_o may_v differ_v from_o disparate_v which_o be_v more_o than_o two_o or_o at_o least_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v so_o absolute_a in_o that_o they_o differ_v from_o such_o as_o be_v relative_o oppose_v it_o be_v add_v under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la to_o wit_n either_o the_o next_o as_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n under_o colour_n or_o remote_a as_o justice_n and_o injustice_n under_o habit._n in_o that_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o contradicting_n and_o those_o which_o be_v privative_o oppose_v 3._o §_o nor_o do_v it_o hinder_v which_o arisiotle_n say_v cap._n 11._o of_o the_o categ_n that_o good_a and_o bad_a which_o be_v contrary_n be_v not_o under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la but_o genus_n themselves_o for_o aristotle_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o out_o of_o the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n who_o constitute_v two_o series_n or_o order_n of_o thing_n one_o good_a though_o other_o bad_a as_o aristotle_n himself_o testify_v book_n 1._o of_o his_o metaph._n cap._n 5._o for_o since_o good_a and_o evil_a be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o category_n as_o ens_fw-la as_o be_v teach_v book_n 1._o of_o the_o ethic_n cap._n 4._o they_o can_v be_v chief_a genus_n to_o which_o i_o add_v that_o in_o metaphysic_n where_o good_a be_v consider_v as_o a_o common_a affection_n of_o a_o thing_n evil_a be_v not_o contrary_a to_o it_o but_o privative_o oppose_v in_o ethic_n good_a and_o evil_a indeed_o be_v contrary_n but_o contain_v under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la to_o wit_n either_o habit_n or_o moral_a action_n which_o aristotle_n use_v to_o call_v practice_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d see_v ammonius_n and_o simplicius_n upon_o the_o 11_o cap._n of_o the_o category_n 4._o §_o there_o be_v far_o add_v most_o distant_a viz._n either_o as_o to_o form_n or_o place_n for_o so_o the_o philosopher_n distinguish_v contrariety_n book_n 5._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 2._o and_o book_n 2._o of_o the_o meteor_n cap._n 6._o as_o that_o one_o be_v in_o quality_n which_o he_o call_v contrariety_n according_a to_o form_n the_o other_o in_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o which_o he_o call_v contrariety_n according_a to_o place_n contrary_n in_o quality_n be_v black_a and_o white_a virtue_n and_o vice_n straight_o and_o crooked_a servant_n and_o free_n in_o place_n which_o in_o a_o sphere_n or_o circle_n be_v diametrical_o oppose_v as_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a pole_n etc._n etc._n hitherto_o also_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v contrariety_n of_o motion_n which_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o contrary_a habitude_n of_o term_n so_o that_o the_o term_n to_o which_o of_o one_o motion_n be_v the_o term_n from_o which_o of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a thomas_n call_v it_o a_o contrariety_n of_o access_n and_o recess_n so_o generation_n and_o corruption_n accretion_n and_o diminution_n calefaction_n and_o frigefaction_n ascent_n and_o descent_n be_v contrary_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o when_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o categ_n the_o philosopher_n include_v contrariety_n among_o the_o quality_n and_o deny_v it_o to_o have_v place_n in_o substance_n and_o quantity_n he_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v to_o take_v the_o word_n in_o a_o very_a strict_a sense_n and_o so_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a axiom_n viz._n that_o ax._n 9_o contrary_n mutual_o destroy_v each_o other_o and_o the_o one_o be_v always_o remit_v by_o the_o contagion_n of_o the_o other_o 1._o §_o so_o assert_n aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o the_o heaven_n cap._n 3._o for_o example_n when_o water_n be_v make_v hot_a as_o much_o cold_a decedes_fw-la from_o it_o as_o be_v impress_v upon_o it_o of_o heat_n from_o elsewhere_o and_o if_o a_o contrary_a be_v sometime_o intend_a by_o a_o contrary_a by_o antiparistasis_fw-la that_o happen_v only_o by_o accident_n ax._n 10._o contrary_n can_v be_v together_o in_o the_o same_o singular_a subject_n ax._n 11._o they_o be_v conversant_a yet_o about_o the_o same_o either_o in_o species_n or_o genus_fw-la 1._o §_o these_o theorem_n be_v deliver_v cap._n 11._o of_o the_o categ_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o they_o be_v manifest_a enough_o for_o example_n the_o same_o person_n can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v just_a and_o unjust_a sick_a and_o in_o health_n nor_o any_o thing_n even_o and_o uneven_a cold_a and_o hot_a yet_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n sickness_n and_o health_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o animal_n even_o and_o uneven_a in_o number_n and_o cold_a and_o heat_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 12._o contrary_n be_v either_o mediate_v or_o immediate_a ax._n 13._o mediate_v be_v
speech_n and_o so_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n viz._n that_o of_o etymology_n and_o conjugate_v 1._o §_o speech_n be_v either_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a perfect_a be_v that_o that_o absolve_v the_o sentence_n a_o imperfect_a be_v not_o chap._n xxv_o of_o etymology_n and_o conjugate_v ax._n 1_o in_o diction_n be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v their_o etymology_n and_o conjugation_n and_o then_o synonymy_a and_o homonymy_a and_o acception_n word_n which_o the_o schoolman_n call_v supposition_n ax._n 2._o etymology_n be_v the_o reason_n of_o a_o word_n signification_n declare_v out_o of_o the_o original_a commentary_n 1._o §_o which_o much_o assist_v our_o mind_n in_o the_o search_n after_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n for_o whilst_o you_o see_v say_v the_o learned_a isiodore_n from_o whence_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v you_o the_o soon_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o that_o thing_n which_o you_o will_v look_v into_o ax._n 3_o etymology_n be_v take_v either_o from_o the_o cause_n effect_n propriety_n object_n and_o other_o adjunct_n and_o effect_v a_o understanding_n of_o these_o 1._o §_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d letter_n be_v say_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v write_v because_o letter_n be_v make_v by_o write_v and_o man_n in_o the_o hebrew_n adam_n from_o the_o verb_n adam_n that_o be_v look_v red_a from_o whence_o also_o adamah_n that_o be_v red_a earth_n of_o which_o colour_n the_o earth_n use_v to_o be_v when_o till_v because_o man_n be_v create_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n so_o consul_n from_o consulendo_fw-la that_o be_v counsel_v angelus_n ab_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v nuncio_n or_o declare_v be_v so_o call_v because_o the_o end_n and_o effect_v of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o consult_v the_o republic_n and_o of_o the_o other_o to_o declare_v the_o command_n of_o god_n to_o men._n so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d temperance_n say_v aristotle_n book_n 1._o of_o the_o eth._n cap._n 5._o be_v so_o say_v as_o though_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v it_o preserve_v prudence_n for_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o that_o virtue_n so_o to_o moderate_v the_o mind_n both_o in_o grief_n and_o pleasure_n as_o that_o the_o judgement_n may_v not_o be_v deprave_v about_o practical_a thing_n arithmetic_n be_v so_o call_v from_o number_n because_o it_o be_v conversant_a about_o number_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o conjugate_v be_v those_o which_o join_v in_o affinity_n of_o word_n and_o signification_n differ_v yet_o in_o termination_n 1._o §_o as_o justice_n just_a just_o etc._n etc._n those_o that_o differ_v not_o in_o termination_n as_o grammatica_fw-la the_o art_n of_o grammar_n and_o grammatica_fw-la a_o woman_n be_v not_o conjugate_v but_o homonym_n and_o these_o be_v perfect_a conjugate_v there_o be_v also_o other_o which_o convene_v in_o word_n and_o not_o signification_n as_o ebrius_fw-la ebriosus_fw-la somnus_fw-la somnolentus_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o neither_o be_v every_o one_o a_o drunkard_n that_o be_v drunken_a nor_o be_v he_o at_o all_o time_n drunken_a that_o be_v a_o drunkard_n these_o with_o grammarian_n may_v be_v conjugate_v but_o by_o logician_n they_o be_v reject_v other_o last_o there_o be_v which_o agree_v in_o signification_n not_o word_n as_o virtue_n and_o honesty_n etc._n etc._n which_o although_o proper_o they_o be_v not_o conjugate_v yet_o in_o logic_n they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o conjugate_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o conjugation_n consist_v in_o a_o primitive_a paronymous_n or_o denominate_v word_n and_o case_n ax._n 6._o a_o primitive_a be_v a_o abstract_a word_n not_o denominate_v from_o any_o other_o 1._o §_o in_o discern_v of_o the_o primitive_a or_o the_o abstract_a from_o the_o derivative_a word_n the_o paucity_n or_o multitude_n of_o syllable_n be_v not_o in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v regard_v as_o by_o grammarian_n but_o only_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n for_o example_n justice_n be_v by_o grammarian_n derive_v from_o just_a because_o this_o be_v a_o dissyllable_n that_o a_o monosyllable_n but_o by_o logician_n just_o be_v derive_v from_o justice_n because_o that_o be_v a_o concrete_a this_o a_o abstract_a word_n and_o therefore_o the_o more_o simple_a ax._n 7._o a_o paronymous_n be_v a_o concrete_a word_n and_o so_o derive_v from_o the_o primitive_a as_o that_o it_o differ_v only_o from_o it_o in_o termination_n 1._o §_o hitherto_o belong_v all_o concrete_a word_n not_o only_o those_o derive_v from_o accident_n as_o quantus_fw-la quantity_n good_a from_o goodness_n white_a whiteness_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o those_o which_o be_v derive_v from_o substance_n as_o clothe_v cloth_n arm_v arm_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o say_v the_o philosopher_n cap._n 5._o of_o the_o category_n be_v predicate_v of_o the_o subject_a paronymous_o that_o be_v as_o to_o name_n only_o not_o definition_n those_o which_o according_a to_o name_n and_o definition_n be_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o same_o place_n say_v to_o be_v synonymous_o predicate_v and_o so_o we_o come_v to_o define_v case_n ax._n 8._o viz._n thus_o that_o they_o be_v adverb_n which_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o noun_n or_o verb_n of_o their_o own_o conjugation_n 1._o §_o as_o benè_fw-la from_o bone_fw-la that_o be_v well_o from_o good_a wise_o from_o sapio_fw-la or_o sapere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v wise_a etc._n etc._n and_o in_o this_o acceptation_n aristotle_n take_v the_o word_n when_o he_o treat_v of_o conjugate_v book_n 1_o top_n cap._n 15._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 9_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 10._o otherwise_o case_n with_o aristotle_n signify_v a_o certain_a inflection_n or_o termination_n of_o a_o word_n different_a from_o its_o original_a as_o musa_n from_fw-la musae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o he_o take_v it_o cap._n 2._o of_o the_o interp._n as_o well_o as_o elsewhere_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o synonym_n homonym_n and_o various_a acceptation_n of_o word_n and_o first_o ax._n 1_o those_o word_n be_v say_v to_o be_v synonymous_n which_o signify_v thing_n who_o ratio_fw-la of_o essence_n accommodate_v to_o a_o common_a name_n be_v the_o same_o ax._n 2._o homonymous_n diverse_a commentary_n 1._o §_o synonyma_n in_o latin_a univocals_n be_v with_o grammarian_n word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o ensis_n gladius_n sword_n rapier_n etc._n etc._n by_o logician_n synonym_n be_v either_o strict_o take_v or_o large_o synonym_n strict_o be_v say_v to_o be_v those_o cap._n 6._o of_o the_o category_n which_o be_v with_o the_o same_o reason_n essential_o say_v of_o many_o thing_n or_o as_o to_o name_n and_o definition_n as_o when_o animal_n be_v say_v both_o of_o man_n and_o beast_n the_o large_a be_v when_o all_o those_o be_v call_v synonym_n which_o be_v not_o homonym_n which_o be_v the_o acceptation_n of_o this_o place_n 2._o §_o the_o name_n only_o be_v say_v to_o be_v common_a to_o homonym_n not_o that_o accident_n of_o name_n such_o as_o genus_fw-la declination_n conjugation_n spirit_n quantity_n accident_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v exclude_v for_o if_o these_o be_v not_o the_o same_o neither_o will_v the_o name_n so_o be_v but_o that_o the_o ratio_fw-la of_o essence_n only_o that_o be_v that_o which_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o definition_n nor_o be_v it_o yet_o sufficient_a in_o homonym_n that_o the_o ratio_fw-la of_o essence_n be_v diverse_a but_o also_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v diverse_a as_o to_o the_o common_a name_n or_o as_o they_o convene_v in_o that_o common_a name_n for_o example_n animal_n be_v a_o common_a name_n to_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o yet_o not_o a_o homonym_n for_o although_o one_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o man_n another_z of_o beast_n as_o they_o differ_v in_o name_n yet_o convene_v they_o in_o one_o definition_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o common_a name_n of_o animal_n and_o that_o be_v enough_o to_o hinder_v it_o here_o from_o be_v a_o homonym_n but_o if_o animal_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o live_a animal_n and_o a_o paint_a it_o be_v a_o homonym_n because_o no_o definition_n be_v in_o common_a to_o a_o live_a animal_n and_o a_o paint_a that_o be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o common_a name_n of_o animal_n and_o so_o we_o come_v to_o the_o three_o axiom_n which_o show_v we_o ax._n 3_o viz._n that_o homonymy_n be_v either_o casual_a or_o design_v ax._n 4._o by_o casuality_n than_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o same_o word_n be_v impose_v upon_o divers_a thing_n without_o reason_n ax._n 5._o design_v when_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v for_o certain_a cause_n or_o reason_n ax._n 8._o and_o this_o reason_n be_v either_o in_o thing_n or_o in_o we_o ax._n 7._o thing_n either_o trope_n or_o unequal_a attribution_n by_o reason_n of_o trope_n or_o figure_n word_n be_v say_v to_o be_v homonymous_n when_o they_o be_v deflect_v ax._n 8._o as_o sometime_o they_o be_v from_o their_o proper_a signification_n to_o some_o other_o because_o
of_o that_o mutual_a habitude_n or_o relation_n which_o thing_n may_v have_v each_o to_o the_o other_o whether_o simple_a or_o analogical_a and_o these_o be_v large_a in_o their_o extent_n as_o trope_n ax._n 9_o reason_n of_o unequal_a attribution_n viz._n that_o those_o signify_v that_o common_a nature_n which_o be_v unequal_o communicate_v to_o its_o subject_v species_n ax._n 10._o by_o reason_n of_o we_o the_o homonymy_n be_v when_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o memory_n of_o any_o person_n near_o and_o dear_a to_o we_o or_o some_o illustrious_a person_n in_o hope_n of_o similitude_n or_o the_o like_a we_o impose_v such_o and_o such_o name_n upon_o our_o child_n and_o friend_n ax._n 11._o of_o these_o the_o far_a distant_a from_o synonym_n that_o be_v such_o as_o we_o have_v in_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o chapter_n define_v be_v homonym_n by_o chance_n and_o those_o who_o reason_n or_o homonymy_n be_v in_o we_o more_o near_o the_o tropic_n and_o first_o the_o analogous_a near_o of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v ambiguous_a by_o reason_n of_o unequal_a attribution_n etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o now_o the_o general_a cause_n of_o homonymy_n or_o ambiguity_n be_v the_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o thing_n and_o paucity_n of_o word_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o much_o great_a paucity_n of_o word_n than_o thing_n of_o necessity_n one_o word_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o signify_v many_o thing_n but_o the_o cause_n why_o this_o word_n or_o that_o word_n be_v homonymous_n be_v either_o none_o as_o in_o homonymy_a by_o chance_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o which_o may_v move_v a_o wise_a man_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o word_n to_o signify_v many_o thing_n it_o be_v either_o the_o change_n of_o the_o word_n from_o its_o proper_a signification_n as_o in_o the_o tropic_n or_o unequal_a attribution_n as_o in_o they_o which_o convene_v not_o equal_o to_o inferior_n or_o conservation_n of_o some_o one_o memory_n or_o the_o hope_n of_o similitude_n or_o example_n for_o instance_n the_o word_n jus_n in_o latin_a signify_v both_o broth_n and_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o injustice_n the_o homony_n my_o be_v by_o chance_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o this_o name_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o thing_n have_v no_o affinity_n at_o all_o among_o themselves_o 2_o §_o what_o and_o how_o many_o sell_a trope_n be_v be_v to_o be_v know_v from_o the_o rhetorician_n but_o trope_n cause_v homonomy_n because_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v in_o tropical_a word_n may_v be_v ambiguous_a and_o sallacious_a as_o when_o the_o word_n fox_n be_v put_v for_o a_o guilâ—ful_a person_n pastor_n for_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o church_n soul_n for_o man_n author_n for_o the_o work_n etc._n etc._n for_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o a_o man_n may_v use_v these_o in_o their_o proper_a or_o their_o translate_a signification_n homonym_n by_o unequal_a attribution_n be_v for_o example_n such_o as_o these_o viz._n enâ—_n or_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o subfrance_n and_o accident_n syllogism_n in_o respect_n of_o syllogism_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o other_o syllogism_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v syllogism_n and_o so_o the_o term_n sanum_fw-la in_o latin_a be_v give_v to_o animal_n medicine_n and_o urine_n etc._n etc._n 3_o §_o and_o even_o all_o these_o have_v their_o cause_n of_o ambiguity_n in_o thing_n other_o also_o there_o be_v which_o we_o have_v say_v have_v their_o cause_n of_o ambiguity_n in_o we_o and_o our_o will_n as_o when_o we_o give_v the_o name_n of_o the_o parent_n to_o the_o child_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o his_o memory_n or_o some_o pious_a and_o learned_a person_n hope_v that_o we_o may_v be_v excite_v by_o his_o example_n to_o become_v like_a unto_o he_o these_o ammonius_n in_o his_o commentary_n on_o the_o book_n of_o the_o categ_n call_v memoriae_fw-la and_o the_o other_o spei_fw-la gratia_fw-la 4._o §_o but_o that_o the_o homonomy_n of_o word_n may_v be_v so_o much_o the_o better_o understand_v which_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v regard_v in_o disputation_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o canon_n or_o criterion_n which_o aristotle_n deliver_v book_n 1._o top._n cap._n 15._o of_o which_o we_o shall_v here_o repeat_v the_o chief_a all_o those_o word_n in_o the_o first_o place_n fall_v under_o the_o title_n of_o homonymous_n to_o which_o many_o be_v contrary_n as_o that_o of_o the_o latin_a word_n grave_a to_o which_o leave_v and_o acutum_fw-la second_o those_o which_o have_v sometime_o a_o contrary_a sometime_o not_o as_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o love_v unto_o which_o sometime_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o hate_v and_o sometime_o nothing_o as_o when_o signify_v to_o wont_a three_o those_o which_o have_v sometime_o a_o medium_fw-la sometime_o not_o so_o the_o word_n candid_a and_o fâ—â—â—â—d_a that_o be_v in_o english_a white_a and_o dark_a brown_n for_o when_o discourse_n be_v of_o colour_n the_o pale_a and_o other_o middle_n be_v interject_v between_o they_o but_o when_o of_o voice_n say_v to_o be_v candid_a or_o fuscid_a that_o be_v clear_a or_o hoarse_a than_o nothing_o four_o those_o be_v say_v to_o be_v homonymous_n to_o which_o something_o be_v oppose_v that_o be_v ambiguous_a so_o acute_a be_v a_o homonym_n because_o obtuse_a for_o both_o a_o axe_n be_v say_v to_o be_v obtuse_a and_o the_o voice_n and_o the_o wit._n so_o also_o the_o word_n flock_n and_o therefore_o likewise_o pasior_n and_o so_o in_o other_o genus_n of_o opposition_n except_v disparate_v five_o those_o who_o conjugate_v jugate_v be_v homonym_n and_o so_o because_o the_o latin_a word_n sanus_fw-la be_v a_o homonym_n so_o also_o must_v the_o word_n sanitas_fw-la be_v six_o those_o which_o signify_v thing_n of_o divers_a kind_n and_o so_o good_a because_o to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o category_n so_o also_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o signify_v as_o well_o a_o ass_n as_o a_o millstone_n seven_o those_o which_o be_v attribute_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o such_o as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v compare_v and_o the_o one_o be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o such_o or_o as_o much_o such_o as_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o candid_a because_o attribute_v both_o to_o the_o voice_n and_o a_o garment_n when_o a_o voice_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o so_o than_o a_o garment_n eight_o those_o word_n which_o signify_v the_o difference_n of_o genus_n that_o be_v not_o subaltern_a as_o acute_a that_o be_v the_o difference_n both_o of_o voice_n and_o magnitude_n nine_o those_o which_o have_v diverse_a difference_n as_o the_o word_n jus_n in_o latin_a for_o other_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o that_o from_o which_o the_o lawyer_n be_v call_v jurisconsulti_fw-la and_o other_o that_o which_o may_v be_v drink_v ten_o and_o last_o those_o which_o signify_v sometime_o a_o species_n and_o sometime_o a_o difference_n as_o the_o word_n candour_n which_o signify_v a_o species_n of_o colour_n and_o a_o difference_n of_o voice_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 12._o the_o diverse_a acception_n of_o word_n which_o the_o schoolman_n call_v supposition_n effect_v no_o homonymy_n ax._n 13._o word_n be_v either_o take_v material_o or_o formal_o ax._n 14._o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v take_v material_o when_o for_o themselves_o ax._n 15._o formal_o when_o for_o the_o thing_n by_o they_o signify_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n when_o i_o say_v animal_n be_v a_o word_n of_o three_o syllable_n of_o the_o neuter_n gender_n and_o the_o three_o declension_n the_o word_n homo_fw-la be_v a_o word_n of_o two_o syllable_n of_o the_o common_a gender_n the_o word_n homo_fw-la and_z animal_n be_v material_o take_v that_o be_v by_z and_o for_o themselves_o not_o otherwise_o than_o as_o if_o they_o signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o but_o when_o i_o say_v man_n be_v a_o animal_n the_o word_n man_n and_o animal_n be_v formal_o take_v that_o be_v for_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o signify_v according_a to_o institution_n ax._n 16._o formal_a acception_n when_o of_o singular_a word_n be_v but_o of_o one_o mode_n but_o when_o of_o universal_a it_o be_v either_o simple_a or_o concrete_a and_o ax._n 17._o simple_n then_o when_o a_o universal_a be_v take_v for_o the_o common_a nature_n abstract_o from_o inferior_n ax._n 18._o concrete_a when_o in_o inferior_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n when_o i_o say_v animal_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o man_n the_o word_n animal_n be_v take_v simple_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o animal_n abstract_o consider_v as_o in_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n it_o be_v prescind_v from_o inferior_n but_o when_o i_o say_v man_n be_v a_o animal_n the_o word_n animal_n be_v take_v in_o the_o concrete_a viz._n as_o it_o exist_v in_o humane_a species_n this_o concrete_a acception_n be_v by_o the_o
rational_a but_o no_o beast_n be_v rational_a and_o therefore_o no_o animal_n be_v rational_a now_o this_o be_v so_o not_o for_o the_o reason_n before_o but_o because_o the_o minor_a be_v contrary_a to_o the_o consequent_a and_o conclusion_n to_o the_o antecedent_n but_o not_o contradictory_n for_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v this_o and_o therefore_o some_o animal_n be_v not_o rational_a etc._n etc._n for_o this_o it_o be_v to_o remove_v the_o antecedent_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o the_o way_n of_o make_v these_o syllogism_n categorical_a may_v be_v better_o fetch_v from_o the_o original_a ax._n 8._o the_o disjunctive_a syllogism_n be_v only_o that_o who_o major_a proposition_n be_v disjunctive_a ax._n 9_o which_o if_o consist_v of_o two_o member_n immediate_o oppose_v may_v proceed_v from_o a_o position_n of_o one_o member_n to_o a_o eversion_n of_o the_o other_o or_o from_o a_o eversion_n of_o one_o to_o a_o position_n of_o the_o other_o 1._o §_o as_o for_o example_n from_o this_o position_n or_o it_o be_v day_n or_o it_o be_v night_n may_v be_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v day_n and_o therefore_o not_o night_n or_o it_o be_v night_n and_o therefore_o not_o day_n or_o it_o be_v not_o day_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v night_n or_o it_o be_v not_o night_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v day_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 10._o now_o if_o the_o major_a disjunctive_a have_v more_o than_o two_o that_o be_v more_o than_o two_o member_n or_o part_n the_o rest_n take_v away_o what_o be_v leave_v of_o they_o be_v conclude_v 1._o §_o as_o it_o be_v winter_n or_o summer_n or_o spring_n or_o autumn_n but_o not_o winter_n or_o autumn_n or_o summer_n and_o therefore_o spring_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o the_o member_n of_o such_o a_o proposition_n be_v not_o oppose_v or_o not_o full_o number_v up_o the_o syllogism_n will_v then_o be_v vicious_a as_o this_o either_o he_o be_v a_o lawyer_n or_o a_o physician_n or_o a_o philosopher_n but_o not_o a_o lawyer_n or_o a_o physician_n and_o therefore_o a_o philosopher_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o illation_n false_a because_o to_o be_v a_o lawyer_n or_o a_o physician_n or_o a_o philosopher_n be_v not_o oppose_v because_o the_o same_o person_n may_v be_v one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o member_n be_v not_o full_o number_v up_o because_o a_o man_n may_v be_v neither_o as_o he_o who_o be_v either_o unlearned_a or_o a_o theologer_n or_o a_o philologer_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 11._o now_o when_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o two_o or_o all_o the_o member_n be_v remove_v the_o whole_a also_o be_v remove_v the_o syllogism_n be_v then_o a_o syllogism_n of_o enumeration_n of_o part_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n he_o that_o do_v injury_n do_v it_o either_o by_o theft_n adultery_n or_o contumely_n or_o some_o such_o way_n but_o no_o body_n steal_v of_o his_o own_o commit_v adultery_n upon_o himself_o or_o cast_v reproach_n upon_o himself_o and_o therefore_o no_o body_n do_v injury_n to_o himself_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 12._o a_o syllogism_n disjunctive_a be_v then_o make_v a_o hypothetical_n when_o the_o major_a disjunctive_a be_v so_o 1._o §_o for_o example_n this_o proposition_n either_o it_o be_v day_n or_o it_o be_v night_n may_v be_v change_v into_o a_o hypothetical_n thus_o viz._n if_o it_o be_v day_n it_o be_v not_o night_n or_o if_o it_o be_v night_n it_o be_v not_o day_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 13._o a_o relative_n be_v that_o who_o major_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o relation_n of_o part_n as_o this_o there_o owhere_o christ_n be_v there_o will_v also_o the_o faithful_a be_v but_o christ_n be_v in_o heaven_n and_o therefore_o there_o also_o will_v the_o faithful_a be_v hitherto_o appertain_v likewise_o the_o proportional_a syllogism_n as_o for_o example_n this_o as_o two_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o four_o so_o three_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o six_o but_o two_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o four_o as_o the_o half_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o therefore_o three_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o six_o as_o the_o half_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o thus_o far_o of_o syllogism_n that_o consist_v of_o compose_a proposition_n now_o of_o those_o that_o be_v compose_v of_o many_o syllogism_n chap._n xiii_o of_o dilemma_n prosyllogism_n and_o sorite_n ax._n 1_o a_o syllogism_n compose_v of_o many_o syllogism_n be_v either_o dilemma_n prosyllogism_n or_o sorite_n ax._n 2._o a_o dilemma_n be_v a_o argumentation_n of_o two_o member_n both_o which_o have_v some_o inconvenience_n belong_v to_o they_o commentary_n 1._o §_o a_o dilemma_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o syllogism_n with_o two_o handle_n and_o catch_v one_o both_o way_n that_o be_v bind_v one_o up_o for_o example_n be_v that_o of_o bias_n in_o gellius_n book_n 5._o cap._n 11_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v she_o will_v be_v either_o a_o fair_a one_o or_o a_o deform_a if_o fair_a she_o will_v be_v common_a if_o deform_v a_o loathe_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o which_o argument_n consist_v of_o a_o disjunctive_a syllogism_n in_o which_o from_o the_o remotion_n of_o the_o part_n be_v conclude_v the_o remotion_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o two_o categorical_a by_o which_o the_o remotion_n of_o those_o part_n be_v confirm_v as_o for_o example_n 1._o §_o the_o dilemma_n instance_a be_v thus_o to_o be_v resolve_v viz._n if_o a_o wife_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v either_o she_o will_v be_v a_o fair_a one_o or_o a_o deform_a but_o neither_o a_o fair_a nor_o a_o deform_a and_o therefore_o a_o wife_n be_v not_o to_o be_v marry_v 1._o cat._n a_o wife_n that_o will_v be_v common_a be_v not_o to_o be_v marry_v but_o a_o fair_a one_o will_v be_v so_o and_o therefore_o a_o fair_a one_o be_v not_o to_o be_v marry_v 2._o cat._n one_o again_o that_o will_v be_v a_o vexation_n or_o loathe_v be_v not_o to_o be_v marry_v but_o the_o deform_a will_v be_v so_o and_o therefore_o a_o deform_a be_v not_o to_o be_v marry_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o but_o a_o dilemma_n will_v be_v inefficacious_a three_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o first_o when_o the_o member_n be_v not_o immediate_o oppose_v second_o when_o it_o be_v not_o attend_v with_o sufficient_a inconvenience_n and_o three_o when_o with_o the_o same_o efficacy_n it_o may_v be_v retort_v upon_o its_o author_n 1._o §_o twofold_a therefore_o be_v the_o infirmity_n of_o that_o dilemma_n which_o be_v bring_v by_o bias_n against_o matrimony_n for_o first_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v not_o immediate_o oppose_v for_o there_o be_v a_o middle_a term_n betwixt_o that_o of_o too_o much_o fairness_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o peril_n and_o its_o contrary_a deformity_n by_o ennius_n term_v stata_n or_o not_o deform_v and_o favorinus_n that_o of_o a_o wife_n and_o than_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o a_o fair_a one_o must_v be_v common_a or_o a_o deform_a hateful_a or_o vexatious_a etc._n etc._n a_o example_n also_o of_o retortion_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o same_o gellius_n book_n the_o same_o cap._n 10._o a_o author_n that_o we_o have_v cite_v but_o too_o much_o already_o and_o that_o be_v this_o eualthus_n desirous_a of_o eloquence_n and_o the_o art_n of_o plead_v become_v a_o scholar_n to_o protagoras_n and_o pay_v he_o down_o one_o half_a of_o his_o reward_n promise_v he_o the_o rest_n when_o he_o shall_v first_o plead_v a_o cause_n before_o the_o jâ—â—dges_n and_o overcome_v after_o a_o long_a time_n protagoras_n commence_v a_o suit_n with_o eualthus_n and_o thus_o argue_v with_o he_o whether_o declare_v for_o i_o or_o thou_o say_v he_o thou_o ought_v to_o give_v i_o my_o reward_n for_o if_o for_o i_o the_o reward_n will_v be_v due_a because_o of_o the_o sentence_n because_o than_o i_o shall_v overcome_v and_o if_o for_o thou_o by_o agreement_n because_o than_o thou_o to_o which_o eualthus_n thus_o viz._n in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o he_o may_v easy_o obviate_v that_o caption_n if_o he_o shall_v say_v nothing_o himself_o but_o make_v use_n of_o his_o council_n or_o attorney_n but_o afterward_o retort_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n viz._n whether_o declare_v for_o i_o or_o thou_o say_v he_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o render_v thou_o the_o reward_n for_o if_o for_o i_o than_o nothing_o will_v be_v due_a because_o of_o the_o sentence_n and_o if_o for_o thou_o because_o of_o the_o agreement_n because_o than_o thou_o will_v overcome_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 5._o a_o prosyllogism_n be_v then_o when_o two_o syllogism_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o five_o proposition_n as_o that_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o first_o become_v the_o major_a or_o minor_a of_o the_o follow_v as_o 1._o §_o for_o example_n this_o every_o live_a thing_n be_v nourish_v but_o every_o
if_o science_n it_o be_v call_v demonstrative_a or_o apodictical_a as_o cap._n 2._o soph._n elench_v and_o if_o opinion_n or_o other_o assent_n beside_o science_n it_o be_v call_v dialectical_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o so_o that_o a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n be_v nothing_o more_o than_o a_o syllogism_n generate_a opinion_n or_o any_o other_o assent_n beside_o science_n or_o as_o aristotle_n explain_v himself_o book_n 1._o of_o his_o top._n cap._n 1._o argue_v out_o of_o probable_n and_o he_o be_v think_v the_o best_a dialectic_a who_o can_v best_o defend_v his_o own_o and_o dilute_a or_o wash_v away_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o adversary_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o and_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o syllogism_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v of_o question_n proposition_n and_o invention_n of_o argument_n ax._n 5._o and_o a_o question_n here_o may_v be_v any_o thing_n provide_v it_o contradict_v not_o piety_n good_a manner_n or_o common_a sense_n 1._o §_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v call_v in_o question_n whether_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v or_o parent_n honour_v or_o the_o magistrate_n to_o be_v obey_v aught_o rather_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o follow_v with_o dialectical_a argument_n so_o he_o that_o shaâ—â—_n doubt_v whether_o the_o snow_n be_v white_a be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v convince_v than_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o his_o outward_a sense_n which_o he_o who_o disbelieve_v what_o be_v iâ—_n that_o he_o will_v believe_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 6._o so_o that_o concern_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o dialectical_a problem_n we_o need_v not_o much_o to_o be_v solicitous_a anâ—_n their_o attribute_n be_v either_o of_o the_o first_o or_o second_o notion_n of_o which_o those_o constitute_v real_a these_o notional_a problem_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o a_o real_a be_v when_o the_o attribute_n of_o thâ—_n question_n be_v real_a as_o be_v a_o place_n a_o superficies_n or_o so_o a_o notional_a when_o a_o notional_a as_o be_v superficies_n the_o gonus_fw-la of_o place_n or_o so_o because_o genus_fw-la be_v not_o a_o true_a thing_n but_o a_o second_o notion_n or_o logical_a and_o only_o feign_v in_o the_o mind_n whereas_o a_o superficies_n be_v a_o true_a thinâ—_n and_o not_o feign_v in_o the_o mind_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 8._o real_a again_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o compare_v ax._n 9_o absolute_a that_o in_o which_o seek_v whether_o tâ—â—_n attribute_n agree_v to_o the_o subject_a or_o no._n ax._n 10._o compare_v when_o two_o or_o more_o subject_a be_v propose_v it_o be_v ask_v which_o the_o attribute_n degree_n or_o disagree_v most_o to_o or_o two_o or_o more_o attribute_n whether_o of_o they_o agree_v more_o or_o most_o to_o 〈◊〉_d subject_a etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o for_o example_n when_o saught_v whether_o glery_n to_o be_v number_v among_o our_o good_a thing_n it_o be_v a_o absolute_a problem_n when_o whether_o virtue_n or_o glory_n a_o most_o to_o be_v desire_v or_o alexander_n more_o valiant_a or_o tâ—â—â—rate_a a_o compare_v ax._n 11._o problem_n dialectical_a of_o what_o kind_n soever_o may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o all_o discipline_n whatsoever_o ax._n 12._o proposition_n dialectical_a be_v to_o be_v true_a 〈◊〉_d least_o probable_a not_o paradoxal_a that_o be_v against_o the_o common_a or_o receive_a opinion_n for_o how_o shall_v the_o respondent_fw-la grant_v that_o which_o be_v against_o the_o common_a or_o receive_v opinion_n and_o which_o it_o may_v be_v he_o judge_v to_o be_v false_a but_o let_v we_o take_v some_o note_n from_o the_o learned_a hereboord_n and_o so_o end_v this_o chapter_n note_n and_o observation_n from_o the_o learned_a hereboord_n have_v relation_n to_o this_o chapter_n 1._o a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n may_v also_o thus_o be_v define_v a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o beget_v opinion_n human_a faith_n or_o doubt_v or_o any_o other_o assent_n beside_o science_n or_o error_n which_o distinguish_v it_o likewise_o from_o the_o sophistical_a syllogism_n 2._o a_o syllogism_n dialectical_a be_v also_o by_o another_o name_n call_v topical_a from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d place_n in_o latin_a probabilis_fw-la that_o be_v probable_a or_o contingent_a because_o though_o it_o produce_v a_o true_a yet_o be_v it_o a_o uncertain_a and_o infirm_a assent_n because_o its_o proposition_n though_o true_a be_v yet_o contingent_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v above_o 3._o when_o a_o paradox_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o problem_n true_a against_o the_o common_a opinion_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o that_o of_o the_o unlearned_a or_o vulgar_a but_o also_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o letter_a who_o have_v take_v up_o with_o principle_n ancient_a and_o not_o so_o well_o examine_v such_o as_o that_o viz._n the_o earth_n move_v which_o though_o it_o be_v true_a yet_o may_v it_o be_v so_o against_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o therefore_o a_o paradox_n 4._o a_o term_n of_o art_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o this_o viz._n a_o term_n proper_a to_o every_o art_n so_o metonymy_a and_o synecdoche_n be_v term_n of_o art_n viz._n rhetorical_a meridian_n horizon_n zodiac_n astronomical_a genus_fw-la and_o species_n logical_a etc._n etc._n and_o this_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o consideration_n viz._n that_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o invention_n or_o find_v out_o of_o dialectical_a argument_n or_o topical_a place_n and_o rule_n ax._n 1_o now_o to_o the_o invention_n or_o find_v out_o of_o probable_a or_o dialectical_a argument_n belong_v place_n and_o rule_n a._n 2._o a_o place_n be_v a_o seat_n or_o certain_a common_a note_n by_o who_o admonition_n a_o argument_n be_v find_v ax._n 3_o a_o rule_n a_o canon_n or_o proposition_n contain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o dialectical_a syllogism_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o argument_n here_o to_o be_v use_v viz._n in_o dialectical_a disputation_n be_v usual_o into_o artificial_a and_o inartificial_a that_o be_v into_o those_o of_o art_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n and_o testimony_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o now_o the_o first_o ax._n 5._o be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o confirm_v or_o refel_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o problem_n alike_o that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v no_o other_o than_o testimony_n but_o the_o artificial_a not_o but_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n those_o for_o the_o confirm_v and_o refel_v of_o notional_a and_o those_o for_o confirm_v and_o refel_v of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v call_v real_a problem_n because_o concern_v about_o real_a thing_n ax._n 6._o now_o those_o of_o the_o first_o kind_n viz._n for_o the_o confirm_v and_o refel_v of_o notional_a problem_n be_v always_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n or_o propriety_n of_o that_o affection_n or_o 2d_o notion_n concern_v which_o it_o be_v query_v in_o the_o problem_n 1._o §_o which_o or_o else_o some_o canon_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o major_n a_o assumption_n be_v make_v the_o controvert_v affection_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a as_o because_o air_n be_v the_o subject_a matter_n of_o wind_n we_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v its_o genus_fw-la and_o because_o immortality_n be_v the_o affection_n of_o life_n eternal_a we_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v its_o genus_fw-la both_o which_o argument_n lean_a upon_o this_o rule_n viz._n that_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a or_o propriety_n of_o a_o thing_n can_v be_v its_o genus_fw-la etc._n etc._n give_v we_o cap._n 11._o of_o the_o first_o book_n and_o so_o divine_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o good_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o justification_n because_o every_o cause_n be_v before_o its_o effect_n but_o good_a work_n be_v after_o our_o justification_n and_o therefore_o not_o its_o cause_n and_o this_o argumentation_n lean_v upon_o this_o foundation_n theorem_a 3._o cap._n 15._o of_o the_o first_o book_n viz_o that_o every_o cause_n be_v before_o it_o be_v cause_v in_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n etc._n etc._n such_o syllogism_n as_o these_o aristotle_n call_v book_n 2._o post_n cap._n 8._o syllogism_n logical_a that_o be_v notional_a and_o the_o use_v of_o they_o be_v very_o great_a in_o all_o discipline_n ax._n 9_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o sort_n viz._n for_o prove_v or_o refel_v of_o real_a problem_n be_v always_o take_v from_o the_o affection_n belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a or_o predicate_v as_o from_o their_o place_n ax._n 10._o of_o which_o those_o be_v the_o best_a which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o predicate_a because_o not_o seek_v whether_o the_o subject_a be_v but_o predicate_v or_o whether_o the_o predicate_v be_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o not_o etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o now_o for_o example_n of_o they_o both_o suppose_v any_o one_o
medium_fw-la of_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o respect_n to_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v so_o be_v the_o principle_n or_o premise_n to_o the_o conclusion_n wherefore_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o affection_n so_o the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o why_o the_o conclusion_n be_v know_v for_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n even_o in_o all_o syllogism_n but_o also_o why_o they_o be_v true_a and_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v before_o the_o affection_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n obtain_v a_o verity_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n prior_n to_o that_o of_o the_o conclusion_n last_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o affection_n not_o as_o to_o we_o and_o in_o way_n of_o confuse_a knowledge_n but_o of_o nature_n and_o distinct_a cognition_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n for_o because_o we_o embrace_v the_o conclusion_n with_o a_o full_a assent_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o principle_n we_o must_v assent_v more_o to_o the_o principle_n themselves_o of_o necessity_n because_o that_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o now_o when_o the_o principle_n have_v all_o these_o condition_n they_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v ax._n 8._o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v when_o they_o be_v neither_o heterogeneous_a or_o foreign_a nor_o yet_o common_a 1._o §_o now_o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heterogeneous_a then_o when_o they_o be_v fetch_v from_o some_o other_o science_n as_o if_o one_o for_o the_o prove_v of_o physical_a question_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o geometrical_a arithmetical_a but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o demonstrater_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o science_n to_o another_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o three_o that_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o first_o that_o be_v the_o predicate_a with_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o agree_v by_o itself_o as_o be_v teach_v cap._n 6._o of_o the_o same_o book_n which_o can_v be_v if_o the_o the_o conclusion_n and_o principle_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n for_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a as_o appear_v from_o cap._n 28._o of_o the_o same_o book_n 2._o §_o if_o yet_o one_o science_n be_v subalternate_a to_o another_o as_o music_n to_o arithmetic_n or_o optic_n to_o geometry_n the_o question_n of_o the_o inferior_a be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o superior_a science_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o pass_v to_o another_o genus_fw-la because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n have_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o subject_a with_o the_o superior_a and_o so_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v divers_a science_n i_o say_v in_o some_o manner_n because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n consider_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o superior_a with_o some_o sensible_a quality_n which_o yet_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o formal_a ratio_fw-la of_o the_o subject_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o affection_n of_o both_o be_v diverse_a though_o in_o the_o rest_n they_o consent_v so_o arithmetic_n consider_v number_n absolute_o music_n which_o be_v subalternate_v to_o it_o only_o in_o â—ound_n so_o geometry_n consider_v magnitude_n absolute_o the_o optic_n or_o science_n discuss_v the_o reason_n of_o sight_n which_o be_v subalternate_a or_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o in_o colour_n light_n and_o shadow_n see_v cap._n 7._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n 3._o §_o the_o principle_n common_a be_v those_o which_o may_v be_v accommodate_v to_o many_o science_n such_o principle_n as_o these_o generate_v not_o science_n because_o they_o contain_v a_o medium_fw-la which_o coheres_fw-la not_o with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n by_o itself_o but_o accident_n but_o it_o be_v then_o that_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n true_o when_o we_o know_v it_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o from_o principle_n which_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v as_o aristotle_n speak_v cap_n 9_o of_o the_o same_o book_n but_o that_o which_o we_o know_v from_o common_a reason_n we_o know_v only_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o yet_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o principle_n of_o science_n be_v common_a which_o when_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v adhibit_v to_o the_o inferior_a science_n because_o the_o science_n subalternate_a as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v not_o esteem_v diverse_a from_o the_o subalternate_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o now_o principle_n be_v divide_v into_o axiom_n and_o thesis_n ax._n 10._o and_o a_o axiom_n be_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n no_o person_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o ax._n 11._o a_o thesis_n who_o truth_n be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o mere_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n only_o but_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o some_o other_o way_n of_o declaration_n ax._n 12._o and_o this_o be_v either_o definition_n or_o hypothesis_n ax._n 13._o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o which_o we_o declare_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v a_o hypothesis_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o be_v or_o no_o etc._n etc._n this_o division_n of_o the_o principle_n be_v fetch_v from_o book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o and_o 10._o whence_o axiom_n be_v so_o call_v be_v declare_v book_n 1_o of_o the_o institution_n cap._n 27._o the_o word_n thesis_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v propose_v pro_fw-la and_o con_n to_o be_v dispute_v of_o as_o book_n 8._o top._n cap._n 4._o and_o 5._o and_o sometime_o for_o a_o sentence_n paradoxal_a of_o some_o eminent_a philosopher_n as_o book_n 1_o top._n cap._n 1._o in_o rhetoric_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o infinite_a question_n but_o here_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n immediate_n now_o 2._o §_o aristotle_n cap._n 10._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n define_v a_o axiom_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n to_o be_v that_o which_o of_o necessity_n be_v true_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o the_o like_a necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o of_o necessity_n true_a that_o be_v worthy_a of_o it_o self_n of_o our_o belief_n or_o that_o that_o have_v no_o cause_n of_o its_o truth_n by_o which_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o well_o thesis_n as_o axiom_n add_v of_o necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o that_o be_v by_o a_o person_n of_o complete_a reason_n it_o can_v serious_o and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v deny_v for_o a_o person_n perchance_o may_v deny_v a_o axiom_n rather_o than_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v overcome_v but_o no_o one_o can_v be_v find_v who_o suppose_v he_o of_o a_o complete_a reason_n can_v deny_v it_o in_o his_o soul_n and_o mind_n for_o example_n such_o enunciation_n as_o these_o nothing_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v and_o also_o not_o be_v the_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o its_o part_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o same_o those_o also_o will_v be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o if_o from_o equal_a thing_n you_o take_v away_o equal_a those_o thing_n which_o remain_v will_v be_v equal_a too_o etc._n etc._n the_o evidence_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v apparent_a for_o he_o who_o know_v what_o signify_v a_o whole_a and_o what_o a_o part_n and_o what_o to_o be_v great_a can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o a_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o and_o in_o this_o respect_n differ_v axiom_n from_o thesis_n for_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thesis_n beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v require_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o the_o declaration_n of_o a_o master_n of_o definition_n example_n may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o discipline_n as_o for_o instance_n physic_n as_o a_o body_n natural_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n principle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v neither_o make_v out_o of_o themselves_o nor_o other_o and_o out_o of_o which_o be_v make_v all_o thing_n nature_n be_v the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o motion_n and_o quiet_a in_o that_o in_o which_o it_o be_v first_o by_o its_o self_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n geometry_n as_o that_o