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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09198	The gentlemans exercise Or an exquisite practise, as well for drawing all manner of beasts in their true portraitures: as also the making of all kinds of colours, to be vsed in lymming, painting, tricking, and blason of coates, and armes, with diuers others most delightfull and pleasurable obseruations, for all yong gentlemen and others. As also seruing for the necessarie vse and generall benefite of diuers trades-men and artificers, as namly painters, ioyners, free-masons, cutters and caruers, &c. for the farther gracing, beautifying, and garnishing of all their absolute and worthie peeces, either for borders, architecks, or columnes, &c. By Henrie Peacham Master of Artes.; Graphice	Peacham, Henry, 1576?-1643?	1612 (1612)	STC 19508; ESTC S114350	87,106	179

reason The cause why it is giuen by the Emperour was this The kingdome of Romania beeing vnited vnto the Empire gaue an Eagle Sables displaid and the Emperor giuing the same likewise vnited them into one giuing that two necks as you see Cosm. This is very pretty and more then I knew before but is the Eagle of such antiquity among the Romanes Eud. Yes before the time of Iulius Caesar do you not remember since you were a scholler that verse of Lucane writing of the ciuill warres betweene Caesar and Pompey Signa pares aquilas et pila minantia pilis The Pellican is more commonly borne with vs here in England then in other countries Other birds that are vsually borne are the Swan the Rauen the Cormorant Heron Faulcon Cocke Pigeon Lapwing Swallowes Martle●s Cornish choughes Spar-hauke Larkes with some others The Spar-hauke Crowned was the Armes of Attilas King of the Hunnes and fiue Larkes were found depainted in an olde Troian shield You must note then that seldome or neuer the female o● any thing is giuen in Armes Cosm. I remember I think a rule for 't in mine Accidence not of Armory but of Lillies english rules where note that the Masculine gender is more worthy then the Feminine c. Eud. Indeed it is the reason because the Masculine gender is the worthiest One rule is worthy the obse●uation that fishes birds and diuers beasts haue beene giuen to bearers for the names sake to preserue it either really or by accident really or immediately as Heron giues the Heron Foxe the ●oxe heads which was the coate of Bishop Foxe Bullock of Barkshire the bullocks head Herring and Her●ingham a coate quartered by the Ea●les of Bed●ord the three herrings Roch the Roches Troutbeck the three Trouts braced quartered by the right Worshipfull and that worthy Gentleman so well deseruing and beloued of his Country Sir Ralphe Conn●ngsb●● Knight o● Northmims in the county of Hertford Lucie tres lucios pisces or three pikes quartered by the Earles of Northumberland and the coate of that noble Gentleman Sir Thomas Lucey of Warwickshire knight B●rrisford the Beare with infinite the like some haue their names accidentally from the property of the bird or beast or by an Onomatopoea or allusion of the voice to the name as Terwhit giues the three Lapwings who in a manner expresse the ve●y same neither is it any disparagement to the bearer since there bee of these very Honorable and ancient and Chanteur a French Gentleman very well d●scended who gaue the three Nightingales Excellent haue beene the conceipt of some Citizens who wanting Armes haue coined themselues certaine deuises as neere as may be alluding to their names which wee call Rebus Master Iugge the printer as you may see in many of his bookes tooke to expresse his name a Nightingale sitting in a bush with a scrole in her mouth wherein was written Iugge Iugge Iugge Master Bishoppe caused to be painted in his glasse windowes the picture of a Bishop in his Rochet his square cappe on his head by which was written his Christen name George One Foxe-craft caused to be painted in his Hall Parlour a Foxe counterfeiting himselfe dead vppon the Ice among a company of ducks and Goslings Euery scholler can shew you in the first page of his Grammer Harrisons name expressed by a Hare sitting in a shea●e of Rie and vpon that the Sunne al which made Harrison One Master Gutteridge drew for himselfe a Giant standing in a gutter ●nd looking ouer the ridge of a house which could not chuse but make Gutteridge There was not long since a Grocer in London his name I haue quite forgot but I am sure for an allusion thereto he gaue for his Rebus a Sugar lofe standing vpon a flat steeple and I think it was Pauls A Church warden who shall be nameles of Saint Martins in the fields I remember when I was in that parish to expresse Saint Martins in the fields caused to be engrauen a Martin a bird like a swallow sitting vppon a Molehill betweene two trees which was Saint Martins in the fields It is there yet to be seene vpon the Communion Cuppe These and a thousand the like if you bee a diligent obseruer you shall ●i●de both in City and Country especially in Towne halls Churchwalls and VVindowes olde Monasteries and such places which many a time and often I haue enquired after as the best receipt against Melancholy wher●to I am much addicted Cosm. I thinke it the best Phisicke you could take for euen these conceipts and passages of mi●th haue their times and seasons as well as the most graue discourses I remember the Poet Martiall spe●king to his booke of Epigrams saith there is a time Cum te vel rigidi legant Ca●ones But leauing these Parerga I pray you proceed vnto those beasts that are giuen in Armes and as neere as you can teach mee what I ought to obserue in their blazon Eud. The beasts that are borne in Armes are very many whereof the Lion is esteemed the most nob●e and worthiest bearing● next the Vnicorne the ●art the Horse the Beare the Bull the VVolfe the Greyhound the Antelop the Porcespine the Hare the Coney the Squirrel with many others which I cannot vpon the sodaine remember Cosm. VVhat must I obserue in the blazon of beasts because I take it they are somewhat harder then birds to be described Eud. So they are You shall ●irst begin with the Lion who is borne these waies Rampant Passant Saliant Seisant or couchant Rampant is said when the Lion is arreared vp in the Scotcheon as it were ready to combat with his enemy being drawne in this manner his right fore-foot must directly stand against the dexter point of the Escotcheon Saliant downe Lower Saliant is when the Lion is sporting himselfe and taking his pleasure Passant is drawne as if he were going Seisant is sitting Couchant couching or lying downe close with his head betweene his legges like a dogge A Lion is giuen sometimes but ha●fe then you must call it a demi-Lion Sometime but his head only which is neu●r born but side-waies and with one eie the Leopards heads alwaies with the full face as in the Armes of Cantelupe with both the eies The Elephant is seldome borne yet saith ●ierom de Bara a Troian Captaine gaue an Elephants Trunk in his shield Cosm. I neuer heard of any that gaue the Ape Eud. Yes the Ape hath beene a very auncient bearing so hath the wild cat which being Herisonne was the auncient Armes of the Kings of Burgundy Bucks Goates and the like are said to bee tripping or saliant that is going or leaping You shall say rampant and saliant but of those which are Bestes du proy and those of the bigger sort The heads of birds for the most part are giu●n erazed that is plucked off of beasts Coup●è or erased that is cut or pluckt off You shall know them one from the other because

CHAP. III. The N●mp●es i● gen●r●ll THis word N●mphe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 properly signifieth a bride hauing the et●mon from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because she appeareth to the world as it were a fresh new creature hēce those virgin goddesses of the woods waters had the name of Nymphes or as some will from water Nympha quasi lympha by changing L. into N. after the dorick dialect which may very well be since by this word Nymphe is meant nothing else but by allegory the veget●tiue humour or mo●●ture that quickneth and giueth life to trees plants h●rbs and flowers whereby they grow and increase wherefore they are samed to bee the daughters of the Ocean the mothers of flouds the nurses of B●cchus goddesses of Fields who haue the protection and charge of Mountaines feeding of heards woods medowes trees and in generall the whole life of man Nap●●e or Nymphes o● the mountains They are called of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the top of an hill or wooddy valley they would be drawne of a sweete and gracious aspect in mantles of greene girded about them vpon their heads garlands of hunnisuckles woodbine wild roses sweet Marioram and the like Their action should be dancing in a ring composing a ga●land or gathering flowers Dryades and ●am●d●yad●s Nymph● o● the 〈◊〉 They haue their name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an Oake these must be drawne not of ●o faire a hew but of a browne o● tawny complexion no o●nament vpon their heads their haire thicke like mos●e their attire of darke greene of the colour of the ba●ke of trees They are called Hamadryades because as they haue their birth and beginning with the trees so saith Appolloniu● they die together with them N●●iades or the Nymphes of f●ouds You shall make them very beautifull with armes and legs naked their haire cleare as Cristall vpon their heads garlands of water-cresses and their red leaues with pitchers powring out water They haue their names from Nao to flow or bubble as the water doth from a fountaine Dianas Nymphes would be arraid in white in signe of their virginity their garments gyrt close a●bout them as Virgil Claudian describe them their armes and shoulders naked bowes in their hands and quiuers by their sides Diana hath her name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is to moysten which is proper to the Moone being by nature cold and moist a●d is fained to be a goddesse huntresse● because they thought in times past the night to be fittest time for that sport whereupon Horace perhaps thought hunters wiues had wrong lying many a cold night without their husbands CHAP. IIII. The Ocean● HE is represented like a surley old fellow with a thicke beard long and vnkembed lockes quite naked saue gyrt ab●ut the middle with a Seales skinn● or ships ●aile laying his legge ouer a Dolphins backe in his hand the sterne of a ship Anker Oare or the like He is painted old because he is of equall age with our common mother the earth of fearefull and fower aspect by reason of his often commotion and raging he hath his name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is swift and suddenly violent Thetis A Ladie of something a browne complexion her hei●e d●sheueld about her shoulders vpon her head a Coronet of Periwinckle and Escallop shelles in a mantle of Sea●water greene about her necke and armes chaines and bracelets of Amber in her hand a branch of red Corrall Her name importes a nurse because she giues moisture to euery thing her complexion agreeth with the colour of the Sea being many times at the Sunne rising and setting as Aristotle saith of a dark red or purple colour Galatea A most beautifull young Virgin her hayre with a careles grace fal●ing ●bout her shou●ders like threds o● si●uer at each ea●e a faire pea●l ●anging of which al●o s●e shall haue a chaine many times doubled about her n●●ke and left arm a M●●t●e of most pure thinne and ●ine white wa●ing as it were by the gentle brething of the a●r viewing in her hand a spunge being made of the ●●oth of the Sea S●ee hath her name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is milke as bei●g of the ●●llour of the same f●oth Ir●●●r the Rain●bow A Nymphe with large wings dispred in the forme of a semi-circle the feathers set in ranckes of sundry colours as purple yellow greene redde c. Her haire hanging before her eies her breast in form of a cloud drops of water falling from her body standing if it ●ay bee so deuised in a iust or thicke cloud in her hand Iris or the flower deluce some giue her wings to her feete agree●ble to Homers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 she is said to be the messenger of the Gods Virgil often makes her the Messenger of Iuno allegorically taken for the aire when he saith Irin de coelo m●sit Saturnia Iuno Aurora or the Morning Aurora i● drawne like a young maide with carnation wings in a mantle of yellow in her forehead a starre with the appe●r●nce of certaine golden sun-beames from the crowne of her head r●ding vpon Pegasus some giue her a light in her hand but in●stead of that I rather allow her a Viol of deaw which with sundry flowers she scattereth about the earth Her dressing agreeth well with those Epistles of Homer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and o● Vi●gil Croc●o velamine sulgens Her Carnation wings with her Epithite of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the rosie fingred Morne Her riding vpon Pegasus sheweth her swiftnes how shee is a friend to all studies especially to poe●trie and all ingenious and pleasant inuentions CHAP. V. The Nine Muses THe Muses in auncient time were repr●sented by nine faire young and gratious Virgins they had the name of Muses as Eusebius saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is to instruct because they instruct teach the most honest and commendable disciplines and Orpheus in his himnes declareth how they first taught religion and ciuility amongst men Clio. Clio the first hath her name from praise or glory and is drawne with a Garland of baies in her right hand and a Trumpet in her left a book vpon whose outside may be written Thucidides or the name of some other famous Historian ●ut●rpe Euterpe is crowned with a wr●ath 〈◊〉 sweet ●lowers h●lding in each hand sundry wind instruments she hath ●●r name ●●om giui●g delight Dio●o●us attribute● vnto ●er all kind of lea●ning T●●lia Th●li● should be drawne with a wanton and s●●●ling cou●tenanc● vpon h●●●ead a Garland o● Iuy● in her le●t ha●d a ●●zard on a ro●e of Ca●nation embroydered with light siluer twist and Gold spangles ●er my shewes her prerogatiue ouer Comical Poe●sie her maske Man●●e and pum●es are ornaments belonging to the stage Melpo●●ne Melpomene would bee ●epresented like a Virago or manly Lady with a Maiesticke graue countenance vpon her head a most rich

giue consent who sets downe foure primarie or first colours viz. White in the drie bodie as the earth Greene in thicke and moist as the water Blew in the thin and moyst as the ayre Yealow in the hot as the fire Yet not without reason for Aristotle affirmed that black was the priuation of white as darknesse of light to whom Scaliger replies that nothing can be made of priuation and habit but we will leaue their arguments and proceede to the species and seuerall kindes of colours shewing by their Etymologies their seuerall nature and af●er declare the manner of their mixture and composition CHAP. XX. Of the choyce of your grinding stone Mullar Penc●ls making your gummes gylding c. HAuing hitherto as plainely as I could giuen you those directions I haue thought most necessarie for drawing with the pen I will shew you next the right mingling and ordering of your colours that after you can draw indifferent well for before I would not haue you know what colours meaneth you may with more delight apparrell your wo●k with the liuely and naturall beautie and first of the choice of your grinding stone and pencils I like best the porphytie white or greene Marble with a muller or vpper stone of the same cut verie euen without flawes or holes you may buy them in London of those that make toombes they will last you your life time wearing very little or nothing some vse glasse but many times they gather vp their colours on the ground others slates but they with wearing though neuer so hard at the first will kill all colours you may also make you a mullar of a flat pibble by grinding it smooth at a grindstone if you doe it handsomely it is as good as the best● your great muscle shelles commonly called horse muscles are the best for keeping colours you may gather them in Iuly about riuers sides the next to ●hese are the small muscle shelles washt and kept very cleane Chuse your pencels by their fastnesse in the quils and their sharpe points after you haue drawne and whetted them in your mouth you shal buy them one after another for eight or tenne pence a dozen at the Apothecaries CHAP. XXI Of the seuerall Gummes that are vsed in grinding of water colours Gumme Arabicke THE first and principall is Gumme Arabicke choose it by the whitenesse cleerenesse the brittlenesse of it being broken betweene your teeth for then it is good take it and lay it in very faire water vntill it be quite resolued and with it grinde your colours you may make it thinne or thicke as all other Gummes at your pleasure by adding and taking away the water you put to it 2. Gumme Hederae or of the Iuie There is another very excellent gumme that proceedeth from the Iuie which you shall get in this manner finde out first an Oke or house that hath a great branch of Iuie climing vp by it and with an axe cut it a sunder in the midst and then with your axe he●d bruise both ends and let it sta●d a moneth or thereabouts at what time you shal●●●ke from it a pure and fine gumme like an oyle w●●ch issueth out of the ends take it off handsomely with a knife or spoone and keepe it in a viall it is good to put into your gold size and other colours for three respectes first it allaies the smell of the size secondly it taketh away the bubbles that arise vpon your gold size other colours lastly it taketh away the clamminesse and fatnesse from your other colours there is moreouer great vse of it in the confection of pomander 3 Gumme lake Gumme lake is made with the glaire of egs strained often and very short about March or Aprill to which about the qua●tity of a pinte you must put two spoonfull of honey and as much of Gumma Hederae as a hasell nut and foure good spoonefuls of the strongest woort you can come by then straine them againe with a sponge or peece of wooll so fine as you can and so long till that you see them runne like a fine and cleare oyle keepe it then in a cleane glasse it will grow hard but you may resolue it againe with a little cleare water as you doe gumme Arabicke it is moreouer an excellent vernish for any picture 4 Gumme Armoniacke Take Gumme Armoniacke and grinde it with the iuyce of Garlicke so fine as may be to which put two or three drops of weake Gumme Arabicke water and temper it so that it be not too thicke but that it may runne well out of your penne and write therewith what you will and let it drie and when you mean to gyld vpon it cut your gold or siluer according to the bignesse of the size you haue laid and then se● it with a peece of wooll in this manner first breath vpon the size and then lay on your gold vpon it gently taken vp which presse downe hard with your peece of wooll and then let it well drie being dried with a fine linnen cloath strike off finely the loose gold then shall you finde all that you drew very faire gold and cleane as you haue drawne it though i● were as small as any heire it is called gold Armoniack is taken many times for liquid gold CHAP. XXII Of gylding or the ordering of gold and siluer in water colours YOV may gyld onely with gumme water as I will shew you make your water good and stiffe and lay it on with your pencel where you would gyld then take a cushion that hath smooth leather and turne the bottome vpward vpon th●t cut your gold with a sharpe knife in what quantitie you will and to take it vp draw the edge of your knife finely vpon your tongue that it may be onely wet with which doe but touch the very edge of your gold it will come vp and you may lay it as you list but before you lay it on let your gumme be almost drie otherwise it wil drowne your gold and being laid presse it downe hard with the skut of an haire afterward burnish it with a dogs tooth I call burnisht gold that manner of gylding which we ordinarily see in old parchment Masse bookes done by Monkes and Priests who were very expert herein as also in laying of colours that in bookes of an hundred or two hundred yeares old you may see the colours as beautiful and as fresh as if they were done but yesterday A very faire manuscript of this kind Sir Robert Cotton my worshipfull friend had of me which was King Edward the fourthes compiled by Anthony Earle Riuers and as Master Cambden told me it was the first booke that euer was printed in England it lieth commonly embos●ed that you may feele it by reason of the thicknesse of the ground or size which size is made in this manner Take three parts of Bole Armoniacke and foure of fine chalke grinde them together as small as you

dressing of Pearle D●amonds● Rubies holding in her le●t hand scepte●s with crowne● vpon them other crowns scepters lying at her feete in her right hand a naked poniard in a pall or mantle of changeable Crimson black bu●kins of siluer with Carnation blac●e and white Ribands o● her feete her high Cothurn or Tragicke pantofles of redde Veluet and gold beset with pearles and sparkes of Rubies her grauity be●itteth Tragike Poesie her pall and pantofles were inuented for the stage by the Greeke Poet● AEschilus as Horace t●stifyeth Polymnia Polymnia shall bee drawne as it were acting her speech with her forefinger all in white her hair hanging loose about her shoulders resembling wie●y gold vpon her he●d a Coronet of the richest and rarest iewels en●ermixt with sweet flowers in her le●t hand a booke vpon whose outside shall bee written Suad●r● To this Muse al Rhetorician● are beholden whose patron is the Coronet of pretiou stones signif●ing those rare gifts which ought to bee i● a Rhetorici●n viz Inuention Disp●sition M●mory and Pronuntiation her white habite declares the sinceri●y which ought to be in Orators her name imports much Memory Erato Erato hath her name of Eros which is Loue draw her with a sweete and louely counten●nce h●r temples gy●● with Mirtle and roses both of aunci●nt time Dedicated to Venus bearing a heart with an Iuory key by her side a prety Cupid or Amorino winged with a Torch lighted in her hand at his backe his bow and qui●er Terpsichore Terpsichore would bee expressed with a merry countenance playing vpon some instrument vppon her head a coronet of feathers of sundry colours but especially those greene feathers of the Poppiniaie in token of that victory which the Muses got of the Syrenes and the daughters of Pieri●s and Euripus by singing as P●usanias reports who after were turned into poppini●es or wood peckers as Ouid writes Vrania Let Vrania bee showne in a robe of Azure imitating t●e Heauen vpon her head a Coronet of bright starres in her hand a Globe rep●esenting the c●l●stiall spheres Her name imports as much as heauenly for it is her office to describe heuen and the spheres vrania ●oeli motus scrutatur et Astra Calliope Calliope would bee painted richest of all the rest vpon her head a Coronet of gold as queene of her fellowes howsoeuer we heere giue her the last place vpon her left arme many garlands of bay in store for the reward of Poets in her right hand three bookes whose titles may be Illiadoes Odysseos and AEneidos as the worthiest of Poetry I haue thus briefly giuen you the draught of this faire company as Fulu●us Vrsinus reports they are described in the Middals of the auncient family of Pomponia the rather because their description agreeth with the inuention of Virgil and the rest of the auncient Poets CHAP. VI. Pan and the Satires THis word Pan in Greeke signifieth All or the V●iuersall and indeede he is nothing else but an Allegoricall fiction of the World hee is painted with a Goates face red blowen cheekes vpon his head two hornes standing vpright about his shoulders a panthers skinne in one hand a crooked sheepehooke in the other a pipe of seauen reedes compact with waxe together from the middle downewards hee beareth the shape of a Goate in this manner hee is expressed by Boccace and Silius Italicus His hornes signifie the sunne and Moone His redde and fiery face the Element of burning fire His long bearde noteth the aire and fire the two Masculine Elements exercising their operation vpon Nature being the Feminine His Panthers skinne represents the eight sphere or starry firmament being the highest sensible Orbe couering the earth The rodde shewes the soueraignty of Nature guiding and destining each creature to his proper office and end his pipe how that hee was the first i●uentor of Country Musicke according to Virgill P●n primu● calamos c. His nether parts of a Goate declare the inequality of the earth beeing rough and ●hagged as it were with trees plant● hills c. The Satyres haue their names from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as Pliny testifieth were found in times past in the Easterne mountaines of India Lib. 7. cap. 2. S. Hierom in the life of S. Anthony reporteth ●hat he saw one of these in his time vid● homunculum inquit aduncis ●aribus et fronte cornibus aspera cui extrem● corporis in caprarum pelles desinebant c. but the truth hereof I will not rashly impugne or ouerboldly affirme The 4 Winds Eurus or the E●st wind Eurus as all the other Winds must be drawn with puffed and blowne cheekes wings vppon his shoulders his body the colour of the tawny Moore vpon his head a red sunne The Moorish colour shewes his habitation to be in the East the redde sunne an effect of his blowing Zephyrus or the West wind Zephorus you shall shew a youth with a merry cou●tenance holding in his hand a swan with wings displaied as about to sing because when this wind bloweth the swan singeth sweetliest vpon his head a Garland of all manner of sweete flowers of the spring thus he is described by Philostratu● for with his gentle and warme breath hee bringeth them forth which Petrarch as liuely depain●eth in that sonnet of his which with Gironimo Conuersi and many mo excellent Musitians I haue lastly chosen f●r a ditty in my songs of 4. and 5. parts being a subiect farre fitter then foolish and vaine loue to which our excellent Musitians are ouermuch addicted Zephiro torna e'l bel temporimena Ei fi●ri e'l he● be sua dolce famiglia E●g●oir pr●gne ●pianger Filomena E●primauera cand●d● è vermiglia c. Zephyrus is so called of the Grecians qu●si 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bringing life because as I said it cherisheth and quickneth all things Boreas or the North winde Boreas is drawne like an old man with a horrid and terrible countenance his heire and beard quite couered with snow or frozen with Iseickles with the feete and taile of a Serpent as hee is described by Ouid in his Metamorphosis Auster or the South wind Auster is drawne with head and winges wet a pot or vrne powring forth water with the which shall discend ●rogs grashoppers caterpillers and the like creatures as are bred by much moisture The South wind of his owne nature is cold and drie and passing through the burning Zone ere it commeth to vs it receiueth heate and moisture from the abundance of raine thus the nature of it being changed it commeth vnto vs hot and moist and with heate it openeth the earth whereby the moisture multiplied causeth clouds and raine CHAP. VII The tw●lue moneths of the ●eare March MArch is drawne in tawny with a ●ierce aspect a helmet vpon his head to shew this moneth was dedicated to Mars his father the signe Aries in his right hand leaning vpon a spade in his left hand Almond blossomes and scients vpon his arme and

precious because they write that when this beast is hunted rather then he will runne ouer a puddle or any dirtie place where his skin may be endāgered to be spotted with mire he will stay there and be torne in peeces with the dogs which gaue me an occasion of an Embleme what time I turned his Maiesties ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΟΝ ΔΩΡΟΝ● into Emble●e● and Latine verses presenting the same after to Prince Henrie The word was cui candor morte redemptus the v●rses Quod maculae impatiens flammasque agitere per vndas Candidulae i●sano pellis amore fera Hoc Tyrio Heroas superâris murice tinc●os Vos quibus aut mens est laesaue fama fides None may weare this furre but Princes and there is a certaine number of rankes allowed to Dukes Marquesses Earles which they must not exceede in lining their caps therewith in the time of Charles the Great and long since the whole furres in the t●iles dependant but now that fashion is left and the spots onely worne without the tailes There be now certaine compositions or mixtures of the field wherewith I would haue you acquainted ere we proceed further which are called Checky M●sculy Fusile Nebule Lozengeé Checky is called of the French Eschiquette resembling the chesse bord in Latine it may be called Scacc●atum of Scaccia the play at chesse the squares thereof in a coate must not amount aboue the number of fiue and twentie or sixe and twentie as also Lozenges and Fusils Masculy is termed so from the dutch word Masch●n it is nothing else but the resemblance of the mashes of a net they are borne commonly pierced Fusilee is like vnto Masculi but your fusile must be made long and small in the middle they are seene in the ancient coate of Mountague who beareth arg three fusils in fesse gules A fusill is so called of fusus a spindle whose forme it resembleth Nebulee is so called from nebula a cloud and that from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the same because it resembleth the clouds It is borne in the ancient coate of Blondus or Blouut Lozengee so called of Lozenges certaine cordials made by the Apothecaries and giuen in Phisicke They are like vnto the Mascles but somewhat broder they are giuen round in the coate of the familie de Medices Dukes of Florence If there be aboue the number as I said of fiue and twentie or sixe and twentie you must say Semi-lozengie Remember to make your Lozenges more high then broad they are giuen for the most part in bend or in fesse saith Bara the French Herald There be certaine rondles giuen in armes which haue their names according to their seueral colours If they be Or they are beasantes if siluer plates if Gules Tortoixes if Sables Pellets if Azure Ogoesses if greene Emeralds if purpure Pommes if Tenne Oranges if sanguine Gules There is seldome borne aboue nine in an Eschotcheon that must be numbred if there be aboue you must call them semie or besantie Cosm. I haue seene sometimes staples of doores nailes and the like borne How can they be honourable to the bearer Eud. Yes very honourable and ancient As the Crosse Moline giuen by the worshipfull familie of Molineux Mil peckes and most yrons appertaining to the mill nailes keies lockes buckles cabassets or morians helmets and the like Cosm. VVhat is that you call a labell or lambeaux Eud. It is a kinde of fillet some haue taken labels for candels or lights it is the difference of the elder brother the father being aliue it is drawne of two three foure and fiue pendants not commonly aboue You may in Master Guillims booke an ong the difference of brothers read more of this subiect A border in French called vn bordure in Latine ●●mbria hath his place within the Escotcheon round about the same it must containe the sixth part of the Scotcheon An Orle is much like a border saue that it standeth quite within the Scotcheon the field being seene on either side A Fillet the fourth of an Orle. Cosm. I pray you be there not trees and herbes sometimes giuen for good Armorie Eud. VVhy not What Herbes are most commonly borne in Armes Of herbs you shall find commonly borne the Cinquefoile but most often pierced the field the Treyfoile Mallowes Rue Sparage Fennell the white Ellebore Pie de Lion with many others What Trees are giuen vsually in armes Of trees you shall haue the Palme the Oliue Sicamore Apple and Peare tree the Pine Ash the white thorne Pomgranate Orange Quince Nut-tree the Oake with some others You haue Times rootes as the Mandragoras Burgony L●vesse and such like What Flowers Of Flowers you haue Roses Gilliflowers Violets Nenuphar Lilly Saffran Columbine Borage Line Buglosse Alleluia with others What Serpents and creeping things Of Serpents you haue the Crocodile who hath his name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the feare he hath of Saffron which he cannot endure wherfore nere Nilus they plant it much in their gardēs nere their Bees which the Crocodile continually lieth in waite for For he loueth honie aboue measure Otho Duke of Millane in the yeare 1099. tooke from a Sarazen his armes which was a Serpent a child issuing out of the mouth of the same which to this day is yet the armes of Millane The Scorpion the L●zard yea the old Armes of France were the three Toades or Crapauds Crabs Creuisses Frogs Snailes and such like I haue seene in an ancient coate three Grashoppers but the owner I could neuer learne The Grashopper is called in Latine Cicada 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from singing with a little skin vpon his side against the which he rubs the thicke part of his leg and so makes that noise wherewith hee so disturbs the sleepy hay-makers When I found this Etymology first I would needes make triall which I found very true so significant and wittie were the Grecians at first inuenting names to all things from their nature Of fishes you shall find in Armes the VVhale the Dolphin the Salmon the Trout Barbel Turbot Herring Roach Remora Escallop shels Cosm. VVhat meaneth the bearing of Escallop shels Eud. It betokeneth vnitie and friendly loue for as they close so neerely they can hardly be separated so should friendes and true louers whereupon it is wor●e in the colours of the knights of the order of Saint Michael You must be very heedful in the blazoning of fishes by reason of the variety of their natures Of those birds that are born in Armes Of all bearings among these winged creatures the Griffon is the most ancient and yet to this day in Pomerania of great esteeme But since the AEgle hath got the soueraignty and is held for a farre more honourable bearing it being the armes of the Empire and of many other kingdomes Cosm. I pray what is the reason the Emperour giueth in his Arms an Eagle with two neckes which is against nature Eud. So is a Lion with two tailes yet they haue their

the head that is Coupè is euen vnderneath erazed hath three tuftes of feathers or haire hanging downe The tong●e and nailes of a beast are alwaies different from the colour of the beast as if the beast bee of a colour they are of a mettall if the beast be of a mettall they are of a colour so likewise in birdes you must say of a beast armed langued of a bird membred Thus you see I giue you a tast of euery thing For further knowledge I referre you to those learned bookes that haue lately beene written of Armory neither do I wish you as Aulus Gellius said ingurgitare in i●ta scientia sed tantum delibare to know something rather then nothing Cosm. It was my desire onely to learn but the first grounds and as I euer had a desire to haue an insight in all a●tes and sciences so more especially in this because nothing more beseemes a Gentleman then the knowledge of Armes Eud. You say well I hope you are not vnmindful of that old prouerb Chi tutti abbracci● and it hath my fault to entertaine too many such guests at once of which I cannot so soone be rid off● For. Turpius eticitur quam non admittitur hospes Cosm. I pray resolue mee of one thing of which I haue long doubted Eud. VVhat 's that Cosm. Are the same lawes and rules obserued in Armes among other nations with those which wee haue heere in England Eud. Yes doubtlesse and more strictly only they d●ffer in ●ome small particulars as some vse staines as much as colours some charge their Scotcheons after a strange maner with diaper as the french some vse round Scotcheons as the Italian and such like otherwise t is all one as you may see by the Armes of euery kingdom Cosm. I pray let me request one thing more since you speake of kingdomes● that is to acquaint mee if your leasure ser●e with the Armes of euery kingdome in Christendome which I thinke are about ●●ue and twenty Eud. Yes if you count those kingdomes in Spaine as Leon Aragon Castile and the rest I will but to no end you are so young a scholler in Heraldry you will ●ca●ce vnderstand mee Cosm. So I thinke but these beeing most eminent coates I shall ma●ke and remember them the better but now I remember me I haue a paire of tables Eud. The first is the Armes of the Emperour of G●rmanie which hath vpon it a crowne imperiall the difference of Crownes I will tell you anone the Emperour bear●th Or an Eagle displaied with two necks membred Gules The King of the Romanes bare Or an Eagle displaied Sables The king of Hungary beares barry of eight Argent and Gules The king of Polonia beares Gules an Eagle displaied membred and crowned Or. The King of Bohemia ●eares Gules a Lion double Queue● Armes langued and crown●d Or. Arragon beareth Or 4. pales ●ules Sclauonia beareth Sables a Cardinals hat Argent stringed and tasselled Or. Sueuia beareth Azure three Crownes Or. Dalmatia beareth Azure three kings heads proper crowned Or. Morauia beareth Azure an Eagle eschecky Or and Gules membred of the same Castile beareth Gules a Castle triple towred Or. France beareth Azure three flower delices Or. England beareth Gules three Lions Pass●nt Gardant Armed and langued Azure Nauarre beares Gules an Escarboucle Accolled and pometted Or. Scotland beareth Or a Lion enclosed with a double tressure fleurty and counter fleurty Gules Sicilie beareth party per Salteir the point and chief Arragon the other two Argent in each an Eagle displaied Sable membred Gules Denmarke beareth Or Semie de cuers or hartes Gules three Lions passant armed and langued of the second or as some will haue it nine Hearts Portugall beareth Argent 5. Escotcheons Azure charged with fiue plates in salteir in remembrance of fiue deadly wounds a certaine King of Portugall receiued in the field whereof he was cured or of the fiue wounds of Christ which they say appeared vnto him in a border Gules seuen towers Or. Legion or Leon beareth Argent a Lion Rampant Sable crowned Or armed and langued Gules Ireland beareth Azure an harpe Or though the a●ncient coate of Ireland bare the field Sables a king sitting crosseleggd in his throne in his right hand a Scepter Or. Toledo beareth Gules a crowne imperiall Or● Naples beareth Azure semie flower delices or a lambeaux of foure Argent Galizia beareth Azure semi crosses fitche és Argent a couered cup Or. Granado beares Argent a Pomgranat with the stalke and leafes proper Norway beares Gules a Lion Rampant Argent crowned Or holding a battell Axe of the second I haue thus briefly giuen you the blazon of the coates of al the kingdomes in Christendome Now because we will not Altum Sapere I will oppose you in the blazon of some few coates to try your cunning and to see what you haue profited by your master heere is a coate what say you to this Cos. I should blaze it thus He beares Azure a starre Or between 3. crescents Argent Eud. Very well you must take heed● that you take not a starre for a mullet and the contrary for a mullet is the rowell of a spurre and hath neuer but fiue points a star hath sixe and some times 8. beside the mullet is often pierced of the field and the mullet neuer Cosm. Whose coate I pray you is this Eu. It did belong to the Abbot of Tame whose name was Thorpe and now borne of Master Iohn Thorpe of the parish of Saint Martins in the field my especiall friend and excellent Geometrician and Surueiour whom the rather I remember because he is not onely learned and ingenuous himselfe but a furtherer fauorer of all excellency whatsoeuer of whom our age findeth too few Nor must I heere be vnmindfull since now I speake of that great and honourable parish hauing as many and as substan●iall parishione●s in the same as any else beside in England of the friendship that I haue euer found at the hands of three especially in that parish to whom aboue all the rest I haue beene most beholden as well in regard of my selfe in particular as that they are louers of learning and all vertue viz. Master Christopher Collard whose sonne my Scholler is now of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford Master Simon Greene Purueyor of his Maiesties stable And lastly the aforenamed Master Iohn Thorpe his sonne to whom I can in words neuer be sufficiently thankfull Cosm. Herein you doe wel There is no vice more hatefull to God and Man then ingratitude whereupon it is well said of one Gratis seruire libertas Eud. VVell I must now thinke my paines not ill bestowed for est aliquid prodire tenus● si non datur vltra I am inuited to dinner heere ouer the way and I thinke it almost twelue a clocke wherefore I am constrained abruptly to breake off this discourse which willingly I would haue continued but Time is moderator betwix● vs and we