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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01443	Phisicall and approved medicines, aswell in meere simples, as compound obseruations With a true and direct iudgement of the seuerall complexions of men, & how to minister both phisicke and medicine, to euery seuerall complexion. With the making of many excellent vnguents, and oyles, as also their applications, both for gargarismes & inflamations of the face, and other diseases incident to the body of man, aswell chiurugicall as phisicall. With the true vse of taking that excellent hearbe tabacco, aswell in the pipe by sume, as also in phisicke, medicine and chirurgerie.; Triall of tabacco	Gardiner, Edmund.	1611 (1611)	STC 11564.5; ESTC S114900	64,844	130

will both answer him and the Spaniard Monardus from whome hee hath fetcht his ground at one word thus that it is certaine that the diuell did not finde it but Nature gaue it and Nature doth nothing in vaine according to that protrite axiome in Philosophy Natura nihil fecit frustrà If the diuell did finde it yet we may esteeme it as well as hidden treasures descried by spirits at the request of wicked mē But in my opinion we ought to iudge of the infinite power of Nature with more reuerence and with more acknowledgement of our owne ignorance and weakenes For that it was a plant created by God when first euen by the word of his mouth all things were framed I iudge it not amisse for any man to say and thinke and there is no scholler so meanely learned but will by reason conuince them both and read a lecture of contradiction against them vpon the progresse of Natures workes hauing his vertues and faculties infused into it from aboue whereby many finde great ease and comfort as well as by other plantes and Simples For vnlesse God himself had bene the author of it why should it be endued with such noble and excellent properties for Ni Deus affuerit viresque infuderit herbis Quid rogo dictamnus quid panacea iuvent If God helpe not and into herbes infuse A working power in vaine we medicine vse Aristotle the monarch of our moderne learning seemeth not to speake awry when he saith Multa sciri posse quae nondum scita sunt Many things may be heereafter knowne which as yet lie hidden in the deepe dungeon of obscuritie not manifested as the quadrature of the circle and the manie vertues both of this and other herbes not yet knowne to the world which hidden and secret vertues though at this present they are not reuealed to Natures interpretors yet hereafter they may so that we may rightly conclude Maximam partem eorum quae nescimus minimam partem eorum quae scimus aut scire possumus to which purpose Cardinall Cusanus hath writ a booke De docta ignorantia Wherfore I suppose none will bee so mad to imagine that such a noble plant could come by chance or bee inuented by the diuell whose excellent vertues the profoundest can scarse perfectly vnderstand By this wee may see the wonderfull workes of God how that he can make things strange great and incomprehensible and wonderfull to mans indgement Therefore it is a thing impertinent to seeke out the causes and reasons of some things as many men doe and daily goe about to doe for there are many secrets in Nature the knowledge whereof is reserued and kept to the onely creator also of many other that might bee heere alleadged but for that it is not my argument I omit it to come to the rest Philaretes my good friend saith that Tabacco is hurtfull because it is hot and drie in the third degree which Monardus saith hee and others haue affirmed to come neere to the third degree of excesse in either qualitie But it seemeth not so hot because it blistereth not nor yet exceedingly heateth and that deletery malignity which he adscribeth to it may be quintessentiall although not elementarie And with him I will not deny but that some malignitie out of question is in Tabacco yea I wil adde further that there is in it some poison also as there is in some other strong and vehement purgers but yet it may bee with cordiall and cephalical aromatikes alaied as wel as Scammony Elaterium Euphorbium Coloquintida turbith and some others Besides diuers medicines doe either retaine loose or change their force and power according to the diuers constitutions of those natures to whome they are giuen For it is a hard matter to finde any remedy that may doe absolute good without some slight touch of harme vnlesse by art it be refined Thus you see I haue beene a little bold to trump in my friend Philaretes way where I thought hee tripped esteeming him yet for no lesse then a louer of vertue and honestie as his name importeth and a man of good iudgement and learning But I will come into my path againe and acquaint you first with the diuersities of names titles giuen to this herbe and so will I passe to his vertues and properties This herbe with the Franks or frenchmen hath beene most commonly knowne by the name of Nicotiana because one Nicot a French Embassadour to the king of Portugall sent this hearb first into France and so gaue it his name Others againe that by tradition haue noted the meanes frō whence they receiued this herb haue called it Herba Reginae and Queene mother herbe for that when Monsieur Nicot had first knowledge thereof hee sent and commended it to Katherine de Medices the Queene mother of France who died before she had reeled vp her spindle and shee first caused it to bee planted in that kingdome Others there bee that do tearm it Hyoscyamus Peruuianus Henbane of Peru Herba Sancta or Sacra and Sana sancta Indorum but vpon what ground I know not vnlesse it be for the singular vertues and faculties that are found in this plant as by the same reason Lignum Indicum or Gutacum is called sanctum because it is so helpfull and restoreth to cure a great many sicknesses and griefes as the learned in Physicke doe very well finde Wee know indeed by practise that an infinite number of diseases are cured by Tabacco euen à capite ad imos vsque pedes from the crowne of the head to the verie feete so that in regard of his noble vertues it was thought necessarie that it should bee entituled with some glorious name as we also see done to others For Philon the Physitian called his Alexipharmacal medicines Deorum manus and at this day Physitians haue graced nobilitated some of their compositions with splendidous titles calling one Manus Christi another Benedicta Laxatiua Catholicon a third and some others by the strange and superstitious names of Puluis sanctus Gratia Dei Apostolicon vnguentā Paulinum and the like as Vlrichus de Hutten a Knight of Germany hath writ in his book De Morbo Gallico the 6. chap. It is also entituled Petū Lobelius Peter Pena do make it a kinde of Symphitum and other while a kinde of Hyoscyamus luteus but yet they stick somewhat at that So hauing discoursed of his seuerall names we will make a step to his description his secret and rare qualities and not forgetting by the way to tell besides of the hurt some receiue thereby with the true and right vse also And first you shall heare what Carolus Clusius saith Nicotian saith he so tearmed of the French of the Spaniards Tabacco of the Brasilians Petum hath beene long vsed of the Indians especially of the inhabitants of Hispania Noua for the curation of woundes It was brought but a few yeares since into Spaine rather for the

forth vnto his Countreys view Tabaccoes praise now in his brightest hue In lieu whereof the guerdon he doth craue Is but a kinde respect of him to haue For all his paines taken for your delight Is for to shew Tabaccoes vse aright Read then his worke with iudgements brightest eie And thank him kindly Thus with me replie Gardiner Adigu thy Work deserues such praise As few men giue in these our latter daies The triall of Tabacco MAny men haue many times sette foorth to the publike viewe of the world diuers books entreating specially of one subiect and those either in praise or dispraise of the matter they wrote of but yet amongst all writers or exscriptors there haue beene in my iudgement no treatises so often divulged so greatly discoursed of and presented to the eies of the world especially of late time as those that discourse of Indian Tabacco one liking another discommending and dispraising according to the seuerall whirles of their affections either in part or in whole this famous plant so that a man may not inaptly say of it as Virgill the Poet doth concerning the diuersitie of opinions for the admission of the Graecian deuised horse into the walles of Troy Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus The wauering multitude as each man findes Consists of many and contrary mindes And in respect of the Writers Patrons and defendants of this rare plant on both sides I may not vnfitly vse this saying of Horace Caedimur totidem plagis consumimus hostem We by our forces are beaten if not staine We with as many stroakes waste them againe There is such hard hold and tough reasoning on both sides Now although I be Medicorum minimus yet you must remember it was said of old Scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim seeing no other to vndergoe this taske I haue boldly aduentured to vnbuckle my selfe for you know who is so bold as blinde Bayard I haue I say not being thereto commanded or compelled as the answer to the booke called Worke for the chimney Sweeper was but of my owne forwardnesse and the desire I had to satisfie the world heerein in some sort protesting as in the inferiournes of the stile may well appeare that neither vanitie of glorie nor selfe presumption being of many the most vnworthy to haue enterprised this taske nor other priuate respect then duty to my good friends that haue requested this at my hands and zeale to my louing country men hath made me to publish this booke For I saw the discourses heerein in my poore vnderstanding to be faultie defectiue and halting considering that one side too much extolled the vertue of this plant and another side as much on the contrarie abased contēned rejected it So to giue some satisfaction to both sides I haue made choice of the middle being as I take it the more secure way thou it be a very hard matter to keep right in the mid-path and to decline neither to the right nor to the left hand Iust a pari premitur veluti cum pondere libra Prona nec haec plus parte sedet nes surgit ab illa In English thus As when an euen scale with equall weight is peized Nor falles it downe this way or is it that way raised Wherefore to performe that precisely which I haue promised solemnly seeing this discourse must be sent abroad cōmitted to the hāds the eies the noses the ears the mindes the iudgements of a great nūber of all sorts I will first beginne with one that is furthest off it Monardus a Spaniard of Siuill who hath written verie largely of it in his treatise of the west Indian Simples but because he is already translated into English I wil left I should seem actum agere referre that which he hath very large to his owne volume For that which hee hath gathered is likewise sound in other Authors wherof heereafter you shall heare more when we come to discourse of the vertues of Tabacco Charles Stephen and Iohn Liebault Andrew Theuet all three Frenchmen haue writ of this plant and so hath Aegidius Eurartus Carolus Clusius likewise in his comment vpon Garcaeas Destirpibus et Aromaticis Indicis and Iohannes Baptista porta in his eight booke and eleuenth chapter of his Natural Magick doe highly commend this plant as a thing most excellent and diuine But amongst them all and from them all for his admirable knowledge in plants our owne Countrie-man Master Iohn Gerard Citizen and Chirurgion of London hath caried away the palme as best deseruing it to whome I may well apply that saying of Lucretius Qui genus humanum ingenio superauit omnes Praestrinxit stellas exortus vti aetherius sol Who from all mankinde bare for wit the prize And dimm'd the starres as when skies sunne doth rise Another likewise of our countriemen calling himself Philaretes hath lately writ a booke against Tabacco entituled Worke for Chimney-sweepers which booke another hath friendly and modestly answered In the beginning of Philaretes booke one I. H. hath made these discommendatorie verses against Tabacco Pitie it is such smoaking vanitie Is Englands most esteemed curtesie Oft haue I heard it as an old said saw The strong digesting hungry Camels maw Brookes stinging nettles and the vilest weedes That stinking dunghils in ranke plentie feedes But t' is a toy to mocke an Ape indeede That English men should loue a stranger weede To whome E. G. maketh answer Fie fume at fumigation And fret at thy owne nation It wants not approbation That drugs should worke purgation Oft times more worth in vilest weede Then in manured Garden seede It is no toy but truth indeed That one soile should another need Philaretes seemeth to inferre in his second reason and some other places of his book that by the frequent vse of Tabacco wee ought iustly to suspect and feare the same to bee a mightie drier decaier and witherer of our radical and vnctuous moisture and in respect thereof breedeth consumptions But yet it seemeth by his leaue not so much to breede hectike feuers and consumptions as appoplectike and cephalical passions because many abusers thereof haue died sodenly and wee see that the braine doth suffer from it by protopathie rather then by deuteropathy the organ whereby it is receiued being so neere a neighbour to the braine I wonder it is not discussed how it puffeth vp plumpeth some when he concludeth that it wasteth and dissipateth the vnctuous moisture substantiall nourishment by dissipation of naturall heat and decay of spirits in our bodies The same Author likewise though a man of excellent learning exact iudgement and reading seemeth to vrge too farre when in his seauenth reason against Tabacco he sticketh not to affirme that this hearb seemed to bee first found out and inuented by the diuell and first vsed and practised by the diuels priests and therefore not to bee vsed of vs Christians But I

decking vp of their gardens as being a strange plant and seld seen more then for the hidden vertues of the hearb but now it is much more famous by reason of his rare qualities then for his elegancie and beauty that it carrieth in a garden The common people of India vsually tearme it Picielt for the name of Tabacco first came from the Spaniards because there was such plentie of it grew in a certain Iland called Tabacco according to the name wherof they haue christned it Andrew Theuet saith that the Americans haue a secret herbe which they name in their language Petum the which most commonly they beare about them for that they esteeme it marueilous profitable for many things this herbe is like to our buglosse They gather this herbe very charily and drie it within their little cabanes or houses Their manner to vse it is this they wrap a quantitie of this herbe being drie in a leafe of a Palme-tree which is very great so they make rolles of the length of a candle and then they fire the one end and receiue the smoak thereof by their nose and by their mouth they say it is verie wholesome to cleanse and consume the superfluous humors of the braine Moreouer being taken after this sort it keepeth the parties from hunger and thirst for a time therefore they vse it ordinarily Also when they haue any secret talke or counsell among themselues they draw this smoake and then they speake The which they doe customably one after another in the warre whereas it is very needful The women vse it by no meanes If that they take too much of this perfume it will make them light in the head as the smell or taste of strong wine The Christiās that do inhabite there are becom verie desirous of this perfume although that the first vse thereof is not without danger before that one be accustomed thereto for this smoke causeth sweats and weakenes yea foaming at the mouth suddaine falling downe and conuulsions as I haue seene in some And this is no such strange thing as it seemeth for there are many other herbs and fruits that offend the braine though that the taste of them bee pleasant and good to eate Plinie sheweth that in Lyncestis there is a fountaine that maketh the people drunke that take thereof Likewise another of Paphlagonia which as Ouid saith in the 15 booke of his Metamorphosis will cause a man to bee no lesse drunke then if he had copiously quaffed a great deale of wine His words be these Quem quicunque parùm moderato gutture traxit Haud aliter titubat quàm si mera vina bibisset This I know will not be receiued of all men for truth and yet Philosophers doe witnesse that there is in Esclanonie by Apollonia a fountaine comming out of a rock wheras is seene to proceed a flame of fire whereby al the waters adiacent are as boyling They haue in diuers places of Hisp. Noua many hot springs of water as aboue all other I haue seen in the Prouince of Mechuacan In a plain field without any mountaine there is spring which hath much water and it is so hot that if a whole quarter of beefe be cast into it within one halfe houre it will bee as well sodden as it will bee ouer a fire in halfe a day I haue seen half a sheep cast in immediatly it hath been soddē I haue eaten part of it this hath the learned Hackcluit set down in his booke discoursing of the voiages of the English nation by the relation of Henrie Hawkes a marchant who liued three yeares in Noua Hispania I will proceede a little further in relating strange things in nature In Bactria in the Citie of Boghar there is a litle riuer running through the midst of it but the water is vnholesome for it breedeth sometimes in men that drinke thereof and specially in them that are there borne a worme of an elle long which licth commonly in the legge betwixt the flesh and the skinne and is pluckt out aboue the ankle with great art and cunning Diodorus Siculus reporteth that in Egypt there was a poole the colour of whose water was vermilion which being drunke would reueale secrets Strabo speaketh of a fountaine in the Citie Leuca of a most horrible smell Besides this is verie strange that there is a fountaine besides Haslea which neuer riseth but early in the morning at high noone and at the shutting of the euening And if therein any euill thing bee cast that may corrupt the same Theodorus Zuingerus mentioneth that for certaine daies after it will not rise at all There is a fountaine in Salmac in the countrey of Caria which as Strabo writeth maketh men effeminate and lither That of Aphrodosium in Pyrrhea causeth barrennesse as Plinie noteth and such like a man man may easily finde if any will take paines to read ouer the booke entituled Britannia written by that most learned and famous gentleman master Wil. Camden the best antiquary of our age he shal there I say haue plenty wherat to admire peraduēture to giue satisfaction to that which here I haue set down for truth Some I doubt not but will imagine this not to bee true but altogether false the which I haue spoken touching the natures and strange qualities of these waters and of this herbe Tabacco as though Nature could not giue such power to things yes truely and farre greater as shee hath also giuen to beasts according to the diuersities of countries and regions Wherefore then should it leaue this countrey of America wherein God included the greatest gulfe of mankind void of such a benefite being naturally proper to it and being temperate without comparison more then others As in generalitie Africke yeeldeth the best Mules Europe the best Lions as Herodotus and Plinie make report onely to be found between the riuers Nestus and Achelous the one coasting Abdera a citie of Thracia the other being a floud of Epyrus separateth Acarnania from Aetolia So in particular we find England yeeldeth the greatest store of good sheepe wooll tinne and lead Muscouia the best Bees yeelding honie and waxe in plentie and the best furres Wherefore a learned Physician is to obserue what store of vegetables either of woods trees for fruite or plants the countrie yeeldeth for euerie country hath his commodities and singularitie of them fitted by the prouidence of the eternall God As we read of in Asia and Virginia singular Cedars and Pine trees So we haue experience that for firre and Deale trees Denmarke Bohemia Pomerania Russia Norway and the New-found land are notorious For Vines France for apples peares plums and such ordinarie fruit the realme of England For oranges lymons pomgranates and such like Spaine and other hot countries for Oyle and Oliues Candia c. As for the second concerning things hid in the veines and wombe of the earth for what shall we neede to enlarge this discourse

leaues of Tabacco at this day bee onely in vse although for want of them some doe make vse of the seeds and because they would haue them in a readinesse they thrust them thorow with a needle and thread and so haue them to drie in the shadow and afterwards at their pleasure vse them either whole or being brought into powder Because of his heat and drinesse it must needs make hot resolue mundifie a little adstringe as one may easily iudge by his vertues that hereafter follow The drie leaues of Tabacco are good to be vsed taken in a pipe set on fire and suckt into the stomacke and thrust forth againe at the nostrels against the paines of the head rheumes aches in any part of the body whencesoeuer the originall doth proceede whether from France Italie Spaine Naples India being all pockie hot countreys or from our familiar and best knowne diseases Those leaues doe palliate and ease for a time but neuer performe any cure absolutely for although they emptie the bodies of humours yet the cause of the griefe cannot be so taken away But some haue learned this principle that repletion requireth euacuation that is fulnesse craueth emptinesse and by euacuation assure themselues of health but this doth not take away so much with it this day but the next bringeth with it more as for example a Well doth neuer yeeld such store of water as when it is most drawne and emptied My selfe speake by proofe who haue cured of that infectious disease a great many diuers of which had couered or kept vnder the sicknesse by the helpe of Tabacco as they thought yet in the end haue been constrained to haue vnto such a hard knot a crabbed wedge or else had vtterly perished Fleagme in mans bodie as it is diuers so diuersly it must be altered for being by nature cold and moist it easily is conuerted into thicknesse or hard tough sliminess and in regard of his tenacious qualitie it is verie difficult to be remooued for it doth not very easily giue place either to the vertue expulsiue or yeeld to an attractiue medicine And to cause it to be pliable and yeelding there be fiue things required namely heat siccitie attenuation abstersion and cutting or diuiding which wee call incision all which properties Tabacco is furnished withall and adiudged fit to be vsed in all tough and viscous humours wherewith the bodie is ouer-charged Mercurius Britannicus in his third booke De terra Australi antehac semper incognita in the description of a certaine countrey tearmed Morouia where none but fooles dwell I suppose that it lyeth nere Portugall for that countrey is reported to abound with fooles as England is said to sauour of vanitie he wondered I say at one thing and mused aboue the rest and that not without iust cause that many of the Inhabitants there do liue neither vpon bread nor meat as other nations for the most part doe but only on the smoke of a certaine vnholesome hearbe which they taking at their mouthes forthwith againe thrust forth at their nostrels seeming as it were so many smoakie chimneys Many men stand in doubt neither can it be fully resolued whether the cockscombly Morouians learned this fashion frō the poor naked Indians or the Indians from them There be some hold opinion that certain Indians dwelling neere vnto Torrida Zona were the first inuentors and finders out of this smokie medicine that inwardly also they might turne blacke for you must imagine that their Morian-black huc pleased them wondrous well and they iudged it no reason that the inward parts should any whit differ or varie from the outward Howsoeuer it be this is certaine that when their noses are filled their purses many times are emptied and the patrimonies of many noble young Gentlemen haue been quite exhausted and haue vanished cleane away with this smoaky vapour and hath most shamefully and beastly flyen out at the masters nose But yet this may seeme verie strange yea as strange as the rich mans kitchen in Cheap-side which had no fire in it for sixteene yeeres together that whilest these lustie yonkers and tabacconists eleuate their noses on high snuffing vp the fume verie gallantly that their kitchens in the meane space haue beene key-colde They that choppe away their patrimonies for the vanishing smoake of Tabacco are scarse so wise as Glaucus who was so madde headed as that hee would needs change and giue away his armour of gold which was prised to be worth one hundred Oxen with the yron armour of Diomedes that was scarse worth nine Oxen. The famous Poet Homer maketh mention of this bartering in the sixth of his Iliades in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est Aurea areis centenaria nouenarijs or as Alciatus hath translated it lib. 2. Praetermiss Proqúenouem centum preferro tradidit aurum He gaue away one hundred for nine and gold for yron Some vse to drink Tabacco as it is tearmed for wantonnes or rather Custom cannot forbeare it no not in the midst of their dinner or supper which kind of taking is vnholsome very dangerous if not slouenly although to take it seldom and that physically may do some good and is to be tolerated Othersome there bee that spend whole daies moneths times and yeares for the most part in Tabacco-taking not sparing to take it euen in their bed seeking by all meanes possible to hinder and peruert the course of Nature and naturall order which thing is both a great misspending of precious time and a great empairer of bodily health accelerating by these disorders their owne deaths before either Nature vrge Maladie enforce or Age require it Wherefore wee ought euer to remember that golden Aphorisme of reuerend Hippocrates Non satietas non fames non aliud quidquam bonum est quod modum excedit And againe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est adeoque in vniuersum nimium Naturae bellum indixit A man may haue too much of his mothers blessing It was death for any magistrate or any one placed in high authority and office amongst the people of Locris to drinke any wine vnlesse for healths sake the Physitian had prescribed to the contrarie so I could wish the like lawe to our huff-snuffe Tabacconists that misspend the flowre of their youth in this smoaking vanitie Thus you see that Tabacco is a fantasticall attracter and glutton-feeder of the appetite rather taken of many for wantonnesse when they haue nothing else to doe than of any absolute or necessarie vse which is much to bee discommended but I commend the syrupe aboue this fume or smoakie medicine Surely if wee did obserue time and the golden meane so much spoken of Tabacco it selfe is no more to be disliked or reiected thā Boleti escalenti because the emperor Claudius Caesar died with eating of them whereof both Plinie in his two and twentie booke chap. 22. Cornelius Tacitus in his twelfth booke Suetonius Tranqaillus in

most part vpon filthy and loathsome poysonous Spiders as also of grashoppers pissemires lyzards and night-bats and an ougly toade was solde for sixe crownes in a time that al such meats were scarse amongst them which they boyle roste bake and dresse with diuers kinds of sawces Albertus Magnus mentioneth a maid who accustomed her stomacke to liue onely vpon spiders I should iudge that Tabacco were good for these kinde of people But yet this seemeth more strange that some of these people haue been found among these nations to whome our vsuall flesh and other meats were mortall and venemous Great is the force of custome Hunts-men will watch all night in the snow and endure to be scortched on the hils Fencers brused with sand-bagges or cudgels and doe not so much as groane Aristotle speaketh of one Andron the Argine that he would trauel all ouer the scorching sands of Lybia without drinking which is impossible for any other to doe In like maner may we say of our Tabacco for as vse is the most effectuall master of all things so we see that Tabacco breedeth such passions in some as though they had receiued some strong poyson yet others that are poisoned do find it to be a good preseruatiue against poison In som it causeth fainting swouning with another vtter deiection of the strength with others againe it worketh a contrarie effect I may say it is like wine For many other ouer-shoot thēselues with fuming wines yet the liquor may be all one and yet not worke the same effect in all for some sigh others smile some are dum and silent others attentiue and full of words some embrace others fight some sleep others sing according to the diuers humors of their bodies and instincts of nature So the fuming vapor of tabacco will cause some to be drunke to haue a reeling giddinesse in their heads others again on the contrary say that it expelleth drunkennesse all swimmings in the brain In some tabacco causeth vomiting in others again that I haue known it performeth the contrary effect by strengthening the stomacke staying vomiting causing a good appetite Some if they take Tabacco much are transported with rage and choler so that you shall see heare inflammation fiery rednes of the face vnwonted othes chasing vnquietnesse and rash precipitation Ora tument ira nigrescunt sangainevena Lumina Gorgonco aeuiùs igne micant In English thus The face through anger swels the veines grow blacke with blood The eyes more fiercely shine than Gorgons fierie mood Yea in some great Tabacconists you shall see them staringly wilde their face troubled their voyce frightfull and distempered They foame at the mouth they startle and quake rage and ruffle and wordes escape them that they afterwards repent But in others againe it causeth a pleasant humour and cleane contrarie vsages humours and passions Tabacconists and Tabacco-companie keepers haue in my opinion but slightly harpt vpon this string no more than they haue vpon others of the like or greater consequence so that by their varietie of conceits and instabilitie of their humours and opinions they do as it were lead vs closely by the hand to this resolution of their irresolution Some there are also who to speak like a Chymist doe destill oyle of Tabacco per descensum which oyle these authors agreeing with the Paracelsians preferre before all other applications eithers of leaues ioyce or powder because the quintessences quintessence is no other thing but a qualitie wherof we cannot with our reason find out the cause and extractions drawne out of the simples are the subtile spirit and haue the purest vertue and facultie of the substance from the which they are drawne This oyle is much commended against the tooth-ache the coughs and the rawnesse or coldnesse of the stomack and the disease called the Mare Many of the Africans are tormented with the tooth-ache which as some thinke they are the more subiect vnto because immediatly after hot pottage they drinke colde water as Iohn Leo in his first booke saith In Africa likewise those which are of a sanguine complexion are greatly troubled with the cough because that in the Spring time they sit too much vpon the ground And vpon Fridaies I had no small sport and recreation saith the same Iohannes Leo to goe and see them For vpon this day the people flocke to Church in great numbers to heare their Mahumetan sermons Now if any one in the sermon fals a coughing or a neezing all the whole multitude will doe the same for companie and so they make such a noise that they neuer leaue till the sermon be quite done so that a man shall reape but little knowedge at any of their sermons I should thinke it good ●that these kinde of people would take either the fume powder or destilled oyle of Tabacco for their vntimely and vnreasonable coughing and neezing and since they are so much subiect to the tooth-ache as I saide before there is no man but will deeme it farre better for them than for vs who are vexed with none of these maladies and yet take it excessiuely The powder of Tabacco is an excellent dentifrice or cleanser of fowle and rustie teeth making them to looke verie white by scowring away all that sordes clammie stinking matter that sticketh vnto them There be nations who indeuour to make their teeth as blacke as jeate and scorne to haue them white and in other places they die them redde and these sorts of people neede not any Tabacco for this intent For stinking and rotten gums in the disease called the scorbie and in sore mouthes there is nothing better than Nicotiana being taken in a gargarisme which is published by Iulius Palmarius and it is also set forth not many years since by Maister Banister in a booke which he calleth his Antidotarie Chirurgicall Rec. Hordei integri p. ij Sanae sanctae Indorum Morsus gallinae Eupatorij Plantaginis Rosarum rubrarum ana m. j. Boyle all these together in aquae lib. iiij till the one part be consumed then adde thereto Mellis rosacei Serapij rosarum siccarum ana ℥ iij. Aluminis vsti Calchanti vsti ana ℥ ss Boyle all these with a walme or two and so let it coole and then keepe it to your vse Because I haue made mention of a strange disease called in English the Mare of the Grecians Ephialtes and of the Latines Incubus which as I said the extracted oyle of Tabacco cureth I will declare briefely what is meant thereby Ephialtes then or the Mare so called of Physicians is a disease of the stomack concerning which read Paulus Aegineta lib. 3. cap. 16. Many which are taken with this disease imagine that a man of monstrous stature sitteth on them which with his hand violently stoppeth their mouth that they can by no meanes crie out and they striue with their arms and hands to driue him away but all in vaine Some ledde with