divine_a natural_a or_o of_o nation_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v so_o oppose_v the_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v be_v admit_v by_o every_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o so_o that_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n whatsoëver_o may_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n touch_v the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n ii_o the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n chap._n i._n have_v make_v it_o evident_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n whether_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o divine_a or_o natural_a or_o any_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoëver_o it_o remain_n next_o 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the_o shetland_n isle_n through_o 63_o degree_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o northern_a latitude_n have_v set_v it_o down_o for_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o habitable_a world_n yea_o and_o some_o have_v use_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n for_o britain_n itself_o or_o england_n in_o time_n past_a the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v trusty_a guard_n call_v barrangi_n constant_o attend_v his_o person_n who_o be_v take_v out_o of_o england_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o 2._o nicetas_n choniates_n and_o codinus_n also_o who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o palace_n constantinop_n write_v that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o salute_v the_o emperor_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o in_o the_o story_n of_o 2._o anna_n comnena_n the_o daughter_n of_o alexius_n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o island_n of_o thule_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o the_o island_n either_o know_v 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ancient_a writer_n which_o be_v no_o slight_a testimony_n that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n together_o make_v up_o one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o it_o be_v then_o devolve_v unto_o the_o roman_n and_o also_o that_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o force_n upon_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o britain_n that_o the_o like_a can_v not_o where_o be_v find_v at_o least_o in_o the_o more_o western_a part_n there_o be_v no_o other_o sea-province_n among_o they_o there_o be_v beside_o that_o ordinary_a instance_n v._n allege_v before_o out_o of_o the_o trebellianic_n digest_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n concern_v seius_n saturninus_n commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o british_a navy_n under_o antoninus_n or_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n express_v mention_v make_v also_o by_o 4._o tacitus_n of_o this_o british_a navy_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o cerealis_n and_o civilis_n under_o the_o emperor_n vespasian_n another_o fear_n 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moesica_fw-la and_o pannonica_fw-la as_o also_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o the_o alps_o sub-prefect_a of_o the_o praetorian_a navy_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o sixteenth_o legion_n the_o form_n of_o the_o inscription_n stand_v thus_o ................................_o ................................_o praef_n class_n brit_n et_fw-fr moesic_n et_fw-fr pannonic_a proc_n et_fw-la praesidi_fw-la alpium_fw-la subpraef_n class_n praet._n trib_o leg_n xvi_o fl._n ecprepusa_n moreover_o it_o be_v no_o light_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v frequent_a use_n of_o that_o navy_n in_o guard_v the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v and_o that_o upon_o this_o ground_n because_o the_o very_a name_n of_o those_o scout_n skiphs_n which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o big_a sort_n of_o pinnace_n or_o light_a vessel_n upon_o the_o guard_n be_v borrow_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o writing_n from_o 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approach_n or_o counsel_n and_o that_o their_o scout_n may_v not_o be_v discover_v by_o their_o whiteness_n they_o die_v the_o sail_n and_o tackle_n with_o a_o bluish_a colour_n like_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o besmear_v they_o also_o with_o wax_n as_o they_o use_v to_o trim_v their_o ship_n yea_o and_o the_o seaman_n or_o soldier_n put_v on_o clothes_n of_o the_o same_o bluish_a colour_n so_o that_o they_o be_v the_o less_o discernible_a as_o they_o scout_v about_o not_o only_o by_o night_n but_o also_o by_o day_n so_o far_o he_o and_o the_o print_a book_n do_v general_o render_v these_o vessel_n hear_v pictas_fw-la or_o pyctas_fw-la but_o some_o manuscript_n that_o have_v be_v use_v by_o godescaâ—cus_fw-la stewechius_fw-la call_v they_o picatas_n and_o also_o we_o read_v picata_n in_o two_o manuscript_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n library_n at_o s_o t_o james_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v by_o that_o learned_a man_n and_o my_o very_a good_a friend_n patrick_n young_a from_o 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howsoêver_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v then_o according_a to_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n have_v have_v court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o those_o province_n as_o there_o be_v no_o place_n almost_o without_o court_n of_o admiralty_n even_o where_o not_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v unto_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v hold_v yet_o by_o no_o mean_n may_v he_o thence_o be_v call_v commander_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o if_o so_o be_v you_o except_v the_o port_n and_o such_o like_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v incorporate_v within_o land_n either_o as_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o normandy_n or_o to_o aquitain_n gascoign_n or_o picardy_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n he_o have_v exercise_v maritime_a jurisdiction_n in_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o almost_o than_o our_o admiral_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n or_o other_o the_o like_a do_v at_o 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that_o form_n of_o commission_n be_v in_o use_n retain_v those_o beyond_o sea_n province_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v do_v of_o old_a but_o the_o matter_n be_v make_v more_o evident_a if_o we_o observe_v how_o the_o name_n of_o those_o province_n have_v at_o least_o from_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n marie_n be_v so_o keep_v in_o the_o form_n of_o this_o commission_n that_o since_o her_o reign_n there_o remain_n not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o any_o of_o those_o in_o the_o commission_n to_o signify_v any_o other_o thing_n than_o what_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v for_o in_o her_o reign_n calais_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o french_a and_o since_o that_o time_n the_o english_a have_v not_o be_v possess_v of_o any_o province_n upon_o any_o part_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n moreover_o also_o in_o the_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mccccliii_n the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o gascoign_n aquitain_n and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n by_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o seven_o nor_o be_v there_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o henry_n any_o officer_n or_o governor_n of_o note_n appoint_v or_o that_o can_v convenient_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o english_a either_o in_o normandy_n or_o in_o aquitain_n itself_o yea_o nor_o in_o normandy_n either_o after_o or_o long_o before_o the_o loss_n of_o aquitain_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o county_n of_o guise_n calais_n and_o some_o other_o town_n in_o picardy_n beside_o those_o neighbour_a one_o that_o henry_n the_o eight_o gain_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o same_o country_n remain_v long_o after_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o that_o a_o small_a part_n of_o rotulorum_fw-la aquitain_n yield_v obedience_n though_o not_o constant_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o year_n after_o henry_n the_o sixth_o but_o not_o the_o whole_a duchy_n nor_o do_v it_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o sometime_o under_o some_o of_o our_o late_a king_n there_o be_v one_o appoint_v captain_n general_n or_o governor_n over_o all_o our_o subject_n in_o normandy_n with_o which_o title_n both_o ambrose_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_z adrian_z poynings_n be_v honour_v in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n dorso_fw-la elisabeth_n for_o they_o be_v mere_o general_n of_o the_o force_n that_o be_v transport_v thither_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n of_o france_n not_o invest_v at_o all_o with_o any_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o yet_o even_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_o the_o name_n of_o aquitain_n be_v constant_o retain_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n that_o be_v for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o after_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n hereto_o at_o length_n be_v add_v as_o be_v show_v there_o also_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o whereas_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o normandy_n a_o long_a time_n before_o nor_o in_o any_o wise_a after_o nor_o do_v he_o in_o that_o agreement_n 8._o make_v a_o little_a before_o with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n claim_v any_o other_o possession_n in_o picardy_n beside_o that_o of_o calais_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o guise_n and_o ham_n and_o so_o it_o have_v continue_v now_o for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o two_o year_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o maritime_a government_n or_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n without_o any_o relation_n at_o all_o have_v to_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n which_o bound_v the_o sea_n under_o his_o master_n protection_n upon_o
much_o of_o the_o same_o tenderness_n be_v express_v afterward_o by_o king_n james_n because_o as_o in_o the_o former_a reign_n so_o in_o he_o it_o be_v count_v reason_n of_o state_n to_o permit_v they_o to_o thrive_v but_o they_o turn_v that_o favourable_a permission_n into_o a_o licentious_a encroach_a beyond_o due_a limit_n put_v the_o king_n to_o a_o world_n of_o trouble_n and_o charge_n by_o ambassy_n and_o otherwise_o to_o assert_v his_o own_o interest_n and_o dispute_v they_o into_o a_o reasonable_a submission_n to_o those_o right_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v before_o as_o indisputable_a by_o all_o the_o world_n for_o the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o refer_v your_o honour_n to_o the_o memorial_n of_o several_a transaction_n in_o those_o day_n which_o i_o have_v add_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n and_o for_o which_o i_o stand_v indebt_v as_o i_o be_o also_o for_o many_o other_o favour_n to_o a_o right_n honourable_a member_n of_o your_o own_o great_a assembly_n by_o the_o same_o also_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o this_o people_n perceive_v that_o king_n to_o be_v of_o a_o temper_n dispose_v to_o use_v no_o other_o argument_n but_o word_n hold_v he_o in_o play_n with_o word_n again_o and_o while_o they_o trifle_v out_o his_o reign_n in_o debate_n and_o treaty_n carry_v on_o their_o design_n still_o to_o such_o a_o height_n by_o a_o collusion_n of_o agency_n and_o ventilation_n to_o and_o again_o and_o a_o daily_a intrusion_n upon_o the_o territory_n by_o sea_n that_o in_o time_n they_o dare_v plead_v and_o print_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la and_o after_o his_o son_n charles_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n they_o in_o effect_n make_v it_o so_o for_o though_o he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o his_o own_o right_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o esteem_n of_o this_o book_n his_o preparation_n and_o proclamation_n for_o restraint_n of_o fish_v without_o licence_n etc._n etc._n yet_o he_o never_o make_v any_o far_a use_n of_o they_o than_o to_o milk_n away_o the_o subject_n money_n under_o pretence_n of_o build_v ship_n to_o maintain_v his_o authority_n by_o sea_n which_o end_n of_o his_o be_v serve_v he_o immediate_o let_v fall_v the_o prosecution_n of_o what_o he_o pretend_v so_o that_o through_o the_o overmuch_o easiness_n and_o indulgence_n of_o precede_a prince_n they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n arrive_v to_o so_o lofty_a a_o presumption_n as_o to_o seem_v to_o forget_v and_o question_v and_o now_o at_o length_n by_o most_o perfidious_a act_n to_o defy_v the_o dominion_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n these_o thing_n be_v consider_v it_o be_v suppose_v this_o translation_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a plea_n assert_v that_o dominion_n will_v be_v a_o very_a seasonable_a service_n which_o how_o poor_o soëver_o it_o be_v apparel_v in_o our_o english_a dress_n be_v bold_a to_o lay_v claim_n unto_o your_o honour_n as_o its_o proper_a patron_n conceive_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o less_o under_o your_o protection_n than_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o therefore_o let_v i_o have_v leave_v here_o without_o flattery_n or_o vanity_n to_o say_v though_o in_o other_o thing_n i_o may_v injure_v the_o eminent_a author_n yet_o in_o this_o he_o will_v be_v a_o gainer_n that_o his_o book_n be_v now_o fall_v under_o a_o more_o noble_a patronage_n in_o the_o tuition_n of_o such_o heroïck_a patriot_n who_o observe_v the_o error_n and_o defect_n of_o former_a ruler_n be_v resolve_v to_o see_v our_o sea-territorie_n as_o brave_o maintain_v by_o the_o sword_n as_o it_o be_v by_o his_o learned_a pen._n it_o be_v a_o gallant_a sight_n to_o see_v the_o sword_n and_o pen_n in_o victorious_a equipage_n together_o for_o this_o subdue'_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n by_o reason_n that_o only_o their_o body_n by_o force_n the_o pen_n it_o be_v which_o manifest'_v the_o right_n of_o thing_n and_o when_o that_o be_v once_o clear_v it_o give_v we_o spur_n to_o resolution_n because_o man_n be_v never_o raise_v to_o so_o high_a a_o pitch_n of_o action_n as_o when_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o they_o engage_v in_o a_o righteous_a cause_n according_a to_o that_o old_a versicle_n frangit_fw-la &_o attollit_fw-la vires_fw-la in_o milite_fw-la causa_fw-la wherefore_o see_n you_o right_a honourable_a have_v have_v so_o frequent_a experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o in_o our_o late_a war_n wherein_o the_o pen_n militant_a have_v have_v as_o many_o sharp_a rencounter_n as_o the_o sword_n and_o bear_v away_o as_o many_o trophy_n from_o homebred_a enemy_n in_o prosecution_n of_o your_o most_o righteous_a cause_n by_o land_n certain_o you_o will_v yield_v it_o no_o less_o necessary_a for_o the_o instruction_n of_o this_o generous_a and_o ingenious_a people_n in_o vindicate_v your_o just_a right_n by_o sea_n against_o the_o vain_a pretence_n and_o project_n of_o encroach_a neighbour_n for_o what_o true_a english_a heart_n will_v not_o swell_v when_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v clear_a and_o evident_a as_o in_o this_o book_n that_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o this_o island_n have_v in_o all_o time_n whereof_o there_o remain_n any_o write_a testimony_n both_o before_o the_o old_a roman_a invasion_n and_o since_o under_o every_o revolution_n down_o to_o the_o present_a age_n be_v hold_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o world_n as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n successive_o have_v have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o have_v impose_v tax_n and_o tribute_n upon_o all_o ship_n pass_v and_o fish_v therein_o that_o they_o have_v obstruct_v and_o open_v the_o passage_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o do_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v testify_v a_o absolute_a sea-dominion_n what_o english_a heart_n i_o say_v can_v consider_v these_o thing_n together_o with_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o netherlander_n set_v forth_o in_o your_o public_a declaration_n and_o not_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o indignation_n answerable_a to_o their_o insolence_n that_o these_o people_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o dust_n at_o first_o into_o a_o state_n of_o liberty_n and_o at_o length_n to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o power_n and_o felicity_n by_o the_o arm_n and_o benevolence_n of_o england_n or_o that_o they_o who_o in_o time_n past_a dare_v never_o enter_v our_o sea_n to_o touch_v a_o herring_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v by_o petition_n from_o the_o governor_n of_o scarborough-castle_n shall_v now_o presume_v to_o invade_v they_o with_o arm_a fleet_n and_o by_o a_o most_o unjust_a war_n bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o unite_a power_n of_o these_o three_o nation_n have_v they_o dare_v to_o do_v this_o in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o king_n i_o suppose_v they_o even_o the_o worst_a of_o they_o will_v have_v check_v and_o chastise_v they_o with_o a_o resolution_n suitable_a to_o their_o monstrous_a ingratitude_n for_o however_o some_o of_o they_o be_v whole_o busy_v in_o vex_v and_o undermine_v the_o people_n liberty_n at_o home_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o very_a jealous_a of_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o sea_n and_o good_a reason_n they_o have_v for_o it_o since_o without_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n there_o the_o island_n itself_o have_v be_v but_o a_o great_a prison_n and_o themselves_o and_o the_o native_n but_o so_o many_o captive_n and_o vassal_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o not_o so_o much_o seclude_v as_o exclude_v from_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o king_n ever_o conceive_v and_o maintain_v themselves_o as_o much_o monarch_n by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o the_o same_o you_o will_v find_v here_o be_v receive_v by_o all_o other_o state_n and_o prince_n the_o land_n and_o water_n that_o surround_n it_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n and_o territorie_n moreover_o our_o own_o municipal_a constitution_n every_o where_o declare_v the_o same_o as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o several_a precedent_n and_o proceed_n thereunto_o relate_v which_o manifest_o show_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n our_o king_n be_v proprietary_a lord_n of_o our_o sea_n that_o the_o sea_n of_o engl._n be_v ever_o under_o the_o legiance_n of_o our_o king_n and_o they_o sovereign_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o sea_n as_o land_n now_o therefore_o right_a honourable_a when_o i_o look_v upon_o you_o and_o behold_v you_o more_o high_o entrust_v than_o king_n and_o far_o more_o noble_o adorn_v upon_o a_o better_a ground_n than_o they_o be_v with_o all_o the_o right_n interest_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n when_o i_o consider_v how_o god_n have_v wrest_v the_o sword_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o place_v it_o in_o you_o for_o our_o protection_n with_o the_o conservation_n of_o our_o peace_n and_o
kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
nature_n when_o the_o king_n obtain_v that_o famous_a bull_n whereby_o he_o have_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o western_a world_n but_o so_o to_o be_v limit_v that_o the_o thing_n give_v shall_v in_o the_o hither_o part_n of_o it_o be_v bound_v by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o arctic_a to_o the_o antarctick_a pole_n 393._o which_o shall_v be_v distant_a from_o each_o of_o those_o island_n call_v de_fw-la los_fw-la azores_fw-la y_fw-fr cabo_fw-la verde_v one_o hundred_o league_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o south_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o bull._n whereupon_o 8._o hieronymus_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr say_v bound_n be_v set_v in_o heaven_n and_o in_o the_o aër_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o between_o the_o portugal_n and_o castilian_n in_o divide_v the_o indian_a isle_n then_o new_o discover_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o heaven_n and_o so_o all_o that_o be_v find_v eastward_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o portugal_n and_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o to_o the_o castilian_n certain_o in_o this_o place_n no_o more_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n whether_o island_n or_o continent_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o space_n of_o the_o sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v ordinary_a among_o the_o lawyer_n even_o those_o who_o be_v most_o earnest_a for_o a_o community_n of_o every_o sea_n to_o limit_v a_o hundred_o mile_n judiciis_fw-la jurisdiction_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o adjacent_a coast._n sometime_o we_o find_v sixty_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n receive_v say_v 10._o bodin_n by_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o all_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n that_o for_o sixty_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n any_o prince_n may_v give_v law_n to_o those_o that_o sail_n near_o their_o coast_n and_o it_o be_v so_o adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n which_o he_o observe_v out_o of_o cacheranus_n his_o decision_n of_o piedmont_n yea_o and_o it_o be_v maintain_v by_o very_o citati_fw-la eminent_a professor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o a_o action_n at_o law_n may_v be_v allow_v for_o regulate_v of_o bound_n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o they_o sufficient_o acknowledge_v the_o custom_n of_o measure_v and_o set_v bound_n even_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o say_n of_o ambrose_n geometram_fw-la audivimus_fw-la thalassometram_fw-la nunquam_fw-la audivimus_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o geometrician_n one_o that_o measure_v land_n but_o never_o of_o a_o thalassometrician_n or_o one_o that_o can_v measure_v and_o lay_v out_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n this_o true_o be_v rather_o a_o quibble_v of_o word_n than_o any_o argument_n against_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n and_o the_o holy_a man_n speak_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o various_a lurking-hole_n or_o hold_v of_o divers_a fish_n which_o god_n have_v appoint_v for_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n not_o touch_v a_o civil_a distribution_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v speak_v thus_o of_o a_o thalassometrician_n as_o a_o thing_n never_o hear_v of_o before_o for_o we_o know_v that_o even_a thalassometrician_n be_v ordinary_a among_o the_o grecian_n who_o have_v dominion_n by_o sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a and_o various_a distinction_n of_o those_o dominion_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o geometry_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n proelus_fw-la a_o famous_a mathematician_n treat_v about_o the_o excellency_n of_o geometry_n say_v 18._o it_o have_v discover_v the_o situation_n of_o place_n the_o measure_n also_o of_o voyage_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o journey_n by_o land_n moreover_n they_o have_v instrument_n to_o measure_v the_o sea_n which_o the_o grecian_n or_o at_o least_o the_o modern_a greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d measure_n of_o sea-voiages_a and_o have_v write_v that_o hero_n anthemius_n and_o other_o ancient_a mathematician_n learn_v the_o art_n from_o archimedes_n and_o transmit_v it_o to_o posterity_n yea_o it_o be_v say_v by_o 457._o joannes_n tzetzes_n that_o those_o man_n discover_v both_o water_n and_o winde-instrument_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o archimedes_n and_o engine_n to_o move_v thing_n of_o weight_n and_o instrument_n call_v thalassodometrae_n for_o measure_v of_o sea-voiages_a so_o that_o as_o concern_v the_o business_n of_o measure_v the_o sea_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v but_o that_o both_o matter_n and_o instrument_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o distinguish_n of_o its_o dominion_n last_o that_o which_o be_v object_v touch_v the_o vast_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n be_v of_o very_o little_a weight_n here_o suppose_v it_o be_v inexhaustible_a so_o that_o he_o which_o shall_v appropriate_v it_o to_o himself_o can_v receiv_v no_o damage_n by_o other_o man_n use_v it_o what_o more_o prejudice_n be_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o ownership_n or_o dominion_n than_o it_o be_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o fire_n or_o candle_n that_o another_o man_n shall_v be_v light_v by_o he_o be_v he_o therefore_o less_o master_n of_o his_o own_o fire_n or_o candle_n but_o true_o we_o often_o see_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o by_o reason_n of_o other_o man_n fish_n navigation_n and_o commerce_n becom'_v the_o worse_a for_o he_o that_o own_o be_v it_o and_o other_o that_o enjoie_v it_o in_o his_o right_n so_o that_o less_o profit_n arise_v than_o may_v otherwise_o be_v receive_v thereby_o which_o more_o evident_o appear_v in_o the_o use_n of_o those_o sea_n which_o produce_v pearl_n coral_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n yea_o the_o plenty_n of_o such_o sea_n be_v lessen_v every_o hour_n no_o otherwise_o then_o that_o of_o mine_n of_o metal_n quarry_n of_o stone_n or_o of_o garden_n when_o their_o treasure_n and_o fruit_n be_v take_v away_o and_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n of_o the_o mahometan_n who_o be_v very_o great_a and_o potent_a nation_n to_o estimate_v their_o sea_n no_o less_o upon_o this_o account_n then_o by_o the_o revenue_n either_o of_o fish_v or_o navigation_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o that_o their_o false_a prophet_n when_o speak_v of_o the_o most_o holy_a god_n he_o say_v 〈…〉_o it_o be_v he_o that_o have_v prepare_v the_o sea_n for_o your_o use_n that_o thence_o you_o may_v take_v fresh_a food_n and_o use_v fish_v and_o also_o that_o out_o of_o it_o you_o may_v draw_v ornament_n to_o adorn_v you_o mahomet_n ben_n achm_v the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o alcoran_n interpret_n those_o ornament_n by_o coral_n and_o pearl_n which_o word_n also_o be_v use_v in_o another_o 65._o place_n of_o the_o alcoran_n for_o the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o a_o special_a licence_n to_o search_v for_o coral_n have_v sometime_o be_v grant_v in_o league_n make_v by_o the_o grand_a seignieur_n as_o be_v observe_v before_o yea_o and_o 35._o pliny_n speak_v especial_o of_o the_o more_o eastern_o sea_n say_v it_o have_v be_v count_v a_o small_a matter_n that_o man_n swallow_v whole_a sea_n into_o their_o throat_n if_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n also_o do_v not_o wear_v they_o up_o and_o down_o upon_o their_o hand_n ear_n head_n and_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n but_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o we_o that_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n be_v very_o often_o find_v also_o in_o the_o western_a sea_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o we_o they_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o ancient_a time_n moreover_o say_v he_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o britain_n they_o be_v produce_v though_o small_a and_o ill_o colour_v as_o we_o all_o see_v at_o this_o day_n forasmuch_o as_o julius_n caesar_n will_v have_v it_o understand_v that_o the_o breast_n plate_n which_o he_o consecrate_v to_o venus_n in_o her_o temple_n be_v make_v of_o british_a pearl_n yea_o it_o be_v write_v by_o many_o and_o testify_v by_o 〈…〉_o suetonius_n that_o caesar_n go_v to_o britain_n in_o hope_n of_o pearl_n it_o be_v obvious_a therefore_o to_o every_o man_n that_o the_o gain_n of_o such_o a_o voyage_n into_o britain_n may_v be_v lessen_v and_o that_o the_o abundance_n either_o of_o pearl_n themselves_o or_o of_o those_o shell-fish_n which_o produce_v they_o may_v through_o a_o promiscuous_a and_o common_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v diminish_v in_o any_o sea_n whatsoêver_o where_o then_o be_v that_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n of_o commodity_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o can_v be_v impair_v there_o be_v true_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o touch_v every_o kind_n of_o fish_v but_o what_o need_v many_o word_n about_o this_o matter_n do_v we_o not_o at_o this_o day_n find_v it_o press_v home_o to_o the_o utmost_a every_o where_n by_o lawyer_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v it_o not_o a_o thousand_o time_n say_v of_o old_a when_o the_o
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
refute_v as_o well_o by_o their_o own_o indiscretion_n as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o touch_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n his_o answer_n that_o himself_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o translate_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o l._n deprecatio_fw-la ff_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a answer_n and_o a_o new_a but_o genuine_a exposition_n of_o it_o also_o that_o it_o comprehend'_v nothing_o which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xxv_o but_o see_v that_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v usual_o draw_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o answer_v of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n to_o eudaemon_n several_a time_n beforementioned_a be_v of_o so_o principal_a a_o account_n therefore_o it_o seem_v meet_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o apart_o by_o itself_o and_o search_v into_o the_o genuine_a sens_fw-fr thereof_o concern_v which_o whosoëver_o shall_v look_v into_o the_o whole_a matter_n with_o a_o little_a more_o care_n then_o ordinary_a will_v i_o suppose_v be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v not_o only_o that_o most_o interpreter_n have_v hitherto_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a thereof_o but_o also_o that_o it_o in_o no_o wise_a contradict'_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n eudaemon_n have_v be_v shipwreck_v at_o sea_n have_v petition_v the_o emperor_n for_o a_o restitution_n of_o those_o wrack_v good_n that_o have_v be_v seize_v by_o the_o receiver_n of_o his_o custom_n the_o word_n according_a to_o rhodiâ_fw-la volusius_n maetianus_fw-la who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o emperor_n be_v privy_a councillor_n be_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d o_o emperor_n antoninus_n our_o lord_n we_o have_v make_v shipwreck_n have_v be_v spoil_v of_o all_o by_o those_o receiver_n of_o the_o custom_n that_o inhabit_v the_o archipelagic_n cyclades_n island_n he_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o emperor_n point_v for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o print_a book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v usual_o thus_o translate_v i_o indeed_o be_o sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v it_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n which_o be_v prescribe_v for_o the_o regulation_n of_o sea-affair_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o oppose_v by_o any_o of_o our_o law_n for_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n also_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n there_o never_o be_v any_o controversy_n about_o the_o read_n or_o translation_n of_o this_o answer_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whereto_o answer_v but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o period_n or_o full_a point_n after_o it_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v and_o as_o we_o have_v according_a to_o the_o receive_a translation_n relate_v it_o â—_o already_o in_o the_o objection_n of_o those_o that_o will_v have_v it_o so_o render_v there_o have_v be_v not_o a_o few_o who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o from_o the_o adversative_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d autem_fw-la be_v imply_v that_o the_o emperor_n answer_v that_o himself_o indeed_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n but_o not_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o law_n only_o not_o any_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o andraeas_n 5._o alciatus_fw-la say_v whereas_o it_o be_v say_v i_o indeed_o be_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n some_o french_a doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n because_o of_o that_o adversative_a that_o a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o the_o emperor_n but_o he_o add'_v which_o true_o be_v very_o ridiculous_a although_o divis._n baldus_n and_o justitiâ_fw-la jason_n conceive_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o venetian_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o the_o since_o of_o this_o law_n be_v this_o to_o wit_n that_o sea-affair_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n as_o he_o declare'_v a_o little_a before_o for_o see_v the_o emperor_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n sure_o not_o the_o land_n only_o but_o the_o sea_n also_o aught_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o law_n and_o he_o to_o appoint_v law_n therein_o though_o notwithstanding_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v matter_n by_o his_o own_o law_n in_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n which_o be_v by_o he_o approve_v understand_v therefore_o when_o it_o be_v say_v i_o be_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n because_o i_o govern_v the_o world_n according_a to_o my_o own_o law_n but_o the_o law_n suppose_v the_o rhodian_a law_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o by_o it_o justice_n be_v administer_v upon_o the_o sea_n add_v hereunto_o that_o this_o particle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v autem_fw-la be_v not_o so_o oppose_v that_o it_o always_o exclude_n what_o go_v before_o and_o therefore_o alciatus_fw-la also_o render_v it_o thus_o but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o concern_v navigation_n let_v it_o be_v determine_v etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o true_o it_o be_v upon_o exceed_v good_a ground_n that_o he_o call_v their_o opinion_n very_o ridiculous_a who_o will_v have_v it_o hence_o conclude_v that_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o belong_v unto_o the_o emperor_n for_o suppose_v the_o emperor_n do_v answer_v so_o as_o it_o be_v common_o render_v do_v he_o therefore_o deny_v himself_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o he_o affirm_n the_o law_n to_o have_v dominion_n at_o sea_n be_v he_o not_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n sovereign_a lord_n and_o arbitrator_n of_o the_o world_n as_o he_o imply_v indeed_o by_o his_o answer_n and_o so_o also_o of_o the_o law_n whatsoëver_o he_o please_v be_v principum_fw-la law_n therefore_o to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n have_v dominion_n over_o be_v not_o also_o under_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n to_o who_o the_o law_n itself_o be_v subject_a be_v so_o absurd_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o other_o there_o be_v that_o render_v the_o since_o of_o the_o word_n after_o this_o manner_n although_o i_o myself_o be_v lord_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o free_a from_o all_o law_n nor_o bind_v by_o any_o rule_n to_o give_v any_o account_n to_o my_o subject_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v empress_n and_o queen_n at_o sea_n that_o be_v it_o shall_v bear_v sway_n by_o sea_n in_o such_o case_n as_o have_v fall_v out_o at_o sea_n since_o it_o concern_v sea_n affair_n nor_o shall_v my_o exchequer_n be_v advance_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o my_o subject_n but_o justice_n ought_v to_o be_v equal_o administer_v between_o the_o exchequer_n and_o private_a person_n and_o therefore_o the_o exchequer_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n so_o say_v franciscus_n de_fw-fr 〈…〉_o amaya_n advocate_n in_o the_o king_n court_n of_o exchequer_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n so_o you_o see_v here_o be_v not_o the_o least_o track_n admit_v of_o a_o denial_n of_o sea-dominion_n some_o also_o there_o be_v who_o will_v have_v the_o meaning_n be_v that_o antoninus_n shall_v express_o say_v that_o he_o himself_o be_v as_o well_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n i_o indeed_o be_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o be_o also_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o joannes_n igneus_fw-la and_o some_o 〈…〉_o other_o there_o be_v that_o incline_v this_o way_n with_o who_o opinion_n if_o we_o shall_v concur_v we_o must_v needs_o confess_v also_o that_o the_o emperor_n do_v sufficient_o attribute_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o himself_o but_o 1â—_n samuel_n petit_n a_o very_a learned_a frenchman_n say_v antoninus_n do_v not_o deny_v himself_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o he_o can_v give_v law_n and_o do_v justice_n to_o those_o which_o deal_v upon_o the_o sea_n for_o you_o see_v his_o meaning_n be_v that_o right_o shall_v be_v do_v betwixt_o eudaemon_n and_o the_o customer_n which_o dwell_v in_o the_o cyclades_n island_n according_a to_o the_o rhodian_a law_n nor_o do_v he_o say_v also_o that_o he_o be_v so_o tie_v by_o this_o rhodian_a law_n that_o he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n reliev_n eudaemon_n against_o this_o law_n if_o any_o injury_n be_v do_v he_o but_o his_o meaning_n be_v that_o eudaemon_n shall_v have_v right_o do_v he_o according_a to_o this_o law_n but_o yet_o so_o that_o this_o do_v not_o thwart_v any_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n thus_o he_o interpret_n it_n though_o the_o vulgar_a read_n be_v retain_v which_o he_o will_v rather_o have_v to_o be_v reject_v and_o the_o name_n of_o law_n to_o be_v put_v out_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n except_o belgium_n return_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n hereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o four_o sea-government_n or_o admiralship_n be_v afterward_o in_o use_n therein_o notwithstanding_o that_o sometime_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v several_a together_o but_o of_o these_o the_o government_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n be_v at_o this_o day_n usual_o call_v the_o admiralship_n of_o france_n because_o before_o that_o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n aquitain_n and_o bretaigne_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o only_a maritime_a government_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v that_o of_o picardy_n whereto_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o as_o the_o next_o province_n the_o other_o three_o be_v denominate_v from_o their_o respective_a province_n the_o whole_a matter_n be_v very_o well_o set_v forth_o by_o renatus_n choppinus_n
as_o a_o river_n or_o brook_n must_v be_v contain_v under_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o a_o entire_a body_n with_o the_o land_n therefore_o sometime_o mention_n be_v make_v also_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o sea_n flow_v in_o as_o of_o a_o sea_n reckon_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n &_o current_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n flanders_n or_o as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o some_o ancient_a 5._o manuscript_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o certain_a letter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o carolois_n and_o to_o the_o governor_n of_o ypres_n gaunt_n and_o bruges_n dein_n la_v jurisdiction_n &_o l'estrem_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr flanders_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o stream_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o flanders_n which_o be_v all_o one_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o sea_n so_o flow_v in_o or_o make_v a_o inlet_n or_o harbour_n before_o the_o opposite_a shore_n all_o that_o which_o remain's_n or_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o those_o opposite_a country_n and_o england_n be_v ever_o esteem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o english_a dominion_n according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v former_o show_v so_o that_o a_o late_a writer_n doubtless_o be_v in_o a_o dream_n when_o upon_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o dock_n at_o mardike_n he_o write_v praefixâ_fw-la that_o he_o see_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n restore_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o so_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o point_n touch_v the_o declaration_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o our_o king_n make_v by_o those_o foreign_a and_o neighbor-nation_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o chap._n xxx_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o english_a or_o british_a sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o chief_o as_o it_o lie_v either_o east_n or_o south_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o western_a as_o also_o the_o scotish_n and_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o whole_a british_a sea_n that_o remain_n it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n lie_v before_o england_n be_v understand_v as_o well_o in_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n above_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o wherein_o we_o so_o often_o read_v le_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n as_o in_o the_o king_n be_v commission-before_a mention_v wherein_o our_o king_n be_v expressly-declared_n lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o repeat_v what_o be_v 24._o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n about_o the_o essoyn_n or_o excuse_v of_o a_o man_n absent_a in_o ireland_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n allege_v before_o which_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n moreover_o also_o we_o read_v every_o where_o that_o all_o the_o isle_n in_o this_o neighbour_a sea_n be_v call_v british_n as_o we_o observe_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n just_a as_o if_o the_o narrow_a sea_n flow_v between_o like_o river_n or_o turn_n of_o river_n do_v disjoin_v those_o bank_n or_o shore_n from_o great_a britain_n as_o 〈◊〉_d fragment_n of_o the_o same_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o narrow_a sea_n themselves_o with_o the_o isle_n even_o as_o river_n with_o their_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o british_a territory_n and_o hereunto_o especial_o relate_n also_o that_o expression_n in_o the_o libel_n so_o often_o cite_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o of_o the_o british_a so_o far_o as_o it_o stretch_v before_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o isle_n situate_v therein_o par_fw-fr raison_fw-fr du_fw-fr royalme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr by_o right_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la say_v stand_v in_o this_o sea_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n betwixt_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n reckon_v of_o old_a among_o the_o land-province_n of_o england_n even_o as_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n lundie_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v understand_v otherwise_o by_o those_o man_n of_o ancient_a time_n who_o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o dispute_n whether_o this_o isle_n ought_v by_o right_a to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o appendant_a of_o england_n or_o ireland_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o determine_v the_o controversy_n on_o this_o manner_n they_o bring_v venomous_a serpent_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o isle_n do_v entertain_v and_o cherish_v they_o as_o well_o as_o england_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o ireland_n destroy_v they_o it_o be_v conclude_v say_v 15._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o live_v under_o henry_n the_o second_o by_o the_o common_a censure_n of_o all_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o england_n for_o if_o they_o have_v so_o think_v the_o territory_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o england_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o be_v dis-joined_n from_o this_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o they_o have_v conceive_v the_o sea_n lie_v between_o either_o common_a to_o all_o man_n or_o by_o ancient_a right_a subject_n to_o other_o than_o the_o king_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a controversy_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o touch_v the_o bound_n of_o england_n or_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n but_o that_o a_o question_n about_o bound_n may_v be_v admit_v between_o owner_n that_o be_v neighbour_n where_o the_o territory_n of_o both_o be_v not_o continual_a or_o contiguous_a be_v beyond_o my_o understanding_n it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o regundorum_fw-la paulus_n that_o if_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_a or_o public_a river_n intervene_v which_o belong_v to_o neither_o of_o the_o neighbour_a owner_n a_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v upon_o that_o title_n of_o the_o law_n finium_fw-la regundorum_fw-la and_o true_o after_o that_o quintus_fw-la fabius_n labeo_n be_v 1._o appoint_v arbiter_n by_o the_o senate_n betwixt_o the_o nolan_n and_o neapolitan_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o field_n have_v so_o crafty_o persuade_v both_o of_o they_o to_o retire_v backward_o apart_o from_o each_o other_o that_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o field_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o he_o adjudge_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n there_o can_v not_o any_o controversy_n arise_v far_o between_o they_o about_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o field_n because_o there_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o confine_n betwixt_o they_o but_o if_o any_o question_n arise_v afterward_o they_o be_v both_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n even_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o that_o question_n to_o which_o of_o the_o two_o country_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n ought_v by_o right_o to_o be_v ascribe_v it_o arise_v chief_o upon_o this_o ground_n because_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o ireland_n and_o britain_n and_o at_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o for_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o very_a soil_n only_o without_o a_o civil_a consideration_n of_o dominion_n though_o they_o will_v have_v here_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o be_v the_o evidence_n thereof_o as_o a_o lot_n for_o decision_n it_o ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o britain_n or_o ireland_n than_o to_o norway_n spain_n or_o france_n where_o every_o man_n know_v that_o venomous_a creature_n be_v breed_v as_o well_o as_o in_o britain_n therefore_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o england_n or_o britain_n in_o that_o ancient_a decision_n be_v so_o immediate_o to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o british_a territory_n that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n may_v true_o and_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v call_v a_o land-province_n of_o england_n or_o britain_n see_v the_o english_a territory_n be_v so_o continual_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o its_o western_a coast_n that_o which_o bend'_v westward_o from_o the_o very_o confine_v be_v ascribe_v to_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o queen_n elisabeth_n commissioner_n let_v fall_v those_o word_n too_o unadvised_o in_o the_o 〈…〉_o treaty_n hold_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o danish_a commissioner_n about_o free_a navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a