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book_n call_v name_n part_n 1,946 5 4.1439 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A16489 Relations of the most famous kingdomes and common-wealths thorowout the world discoursing of their situations, religions, languages, manners, customes, strengths, greatnesse, and policies. Translated out of the best Italian impression of Boterus. And since the last edition by R.I. now once againe inlarged according to moderne observation; with addition of new estates and countries. Wherein many of the oversights both of the author and translator, are amended. And unto which, a mappe of the whole world, with a table of the countries, are now newly added.; Relazioni universali. English Botero, Giovanni, 1540-1617.; Johnson, Robert, fl. 1586-1626. 1630 (1630) STC 3404; ESTC S106541 447,019 654

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of_o her_o body_n hide_v under_o her_o low_a garment_n be_v denmark_n sweden_n lituania_n prussia_n poland_n hungaria_n dalmatia_n grecia_n moldavia_n tartary_n and_o muscovia_n this_o queen_n at_o this_o day_n command_v 28_o kingdom_n all_o gather_v up_o by_o three_o emperor_n the_o german_a turk_n and_o muscovite_n and_o eight_o king_n france_n england_n and_o spain_n hereditary_a bohemia_n hungaria_n poland_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n elective_a prince_n state_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o germany_n many_o and_o potent_a some_o one_o of_o they_o venice_n or_o the_o low_a country_n by_o name_n too_o hard_a a_o match_n for_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o asia_n or_o africa_n can_v they_o but_o come_v at_o he_o for_o riches_n we_o have_v the_o most_o useful_a and_o substantial_a for_o goodly_a city_n italy_n alone_o have_v more_o than_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n all_o together_o if_o other_o part_n have_v any_o fortify_v town_n thy_o here_o see_v
it_o can_v be_v but_o at_o this_o day_n very_o great_a for_o that_o in_o fear_n of_o the_o florentine_a fleet_n the_o grand_a signior_n dare_v not_o commit_v the_o treasure_n thereof_o to_o the_o passage_n by_o sea_n but_o be_v at_o charge_n every_o year_n to_o transport_v it_o over_o land_n by_o a_o convoy_n of_o janisar_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n they_o go_v to_o harvest_n by_o the_o twenty_o of_o may_v no_o one_o ear_n of_o corn_n be_v leave_v grow_v about_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n it_o bring_v forth_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o great_a ease_n but_o far_o off_o they_o be_v fain_o with_o the_o labour_n of_o ox_n and_o man_n to_o let_v in_o water_n from_o the_o river_n by_o trench_n to_o moisten_v their_o ground_n beside_o wild_a beast_n and_o harmful_a in_o abundance_n it_o afford_v infinite_a store_n of_o tame_a cattle_n as_o the_o buffall_n the_o ox_n camel_n the_o horse_n the_o ass_n the_o ram_n and_o the_o goat_n all_o which_o as_o bellonius_fw-la 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in_o flax_n all_o sort_n of_o pulse_n poultry_n and_o cattle_n errisia_n in_o fruit_n and_o rice_n maremma_n in_o cotton_n and_o sugar_n the_o pharaoh_n reside_v in_o sahid_n the_o ptolemy_n in_o errisia_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o greek_n alongst_o the_o seashore_n but_o the_o mahometan_n have_v make_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o land_n the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n the_o people_n of_o the_o middle_a time_n be_v prone_a to_o innovation_n luxurious_a and_o cowardly_a cruel_a those_o that_o now_o inhabit_v the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n moor_n of_o turk_n and_o jew_n there_o be_v many_o but_o they_o reside_v in_o city_n of_o arabian_n and_o negro_n not_o a_o few_o of_o christian_n the_o native_n be_v most_o and_o those_o term_v copty_v some_o greek_n there_o be_v and_o a_o few_o armenian_n of_o all_o the_o poor_a and_o honest_a labour_v painful_o and_o live_v sober_o these_o copty_v be_v the_o true_a egyptian_n and_o hold_v the_o roman_a church_n for_o heretical_a reject_v all_o general_a counsel_n after_o that_o of_o ephesus_n in_o this_o country_n be_v thebes_n destroy_v by_o cambyses_n memphis_n babylon_n and_o alexandria_n if_o not_o destroy_v yet_o be_v deface_v by_o time_n and_o divine_a punishment_n cair_a cair_a be_v seat_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o nilus_n wind_a therewith_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n stretch_v south_n and_o north_n with_o the_o suburb_n adjoin_v contain_v in_o length_n five_o italian_a mile_n in_o breadth_n scarce_o one_o and_o a_o half_a at_o broad_a the_o wall_n carry_v small_a show_n of_o strength_n yet_o be_v it_o strong_a as_o appear_v by_o that_o three_o day_n battle_n which_o selimus_n be_v constrain_v to_o carry_v through_o it_o be_v oppose_v by_o a_o poor_a remainder_n of_o the_o survive_a mamaluck_v for_o the_o street_n be_v narrow_a and_o the_o house_n high_a build_v all_o of_o stone_n well_o high_a to_o the_o top_n at_o the_o end_n almost_o of_o all_o a_o gate_n which_o be_v shut_v as_o every_o night_n they_o be_v make_v every_o street_n a_o defensible_a castle_n the_o inhabitant_n consist_v most_o of_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n not_o frequent_v foreign_a mart_n the_o country_n be_v no_o soon_o know_v but_o it_o be_v inhabit_v and_o although_o it_o be_v and_o be_v of_o hard_a access_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o huge_a desert_n steep_a mountain_n moorish_a place_n and_o violent_a sea_n where_o with_o it_o be_v whole_o encompass_v yet_o have_v it_o suffer_v divers_a and_o lamentable_a alteration_n under_o the_o yoke_n of_o stranger_n for_o first_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o native_a king_n and_o they_o be_v the_o pharaoh_n then_o to_o the_o aethiopian_n who_o cambyses_n king_n of_o persia_n expulse_v and_o subject_v after_o that_o they_o revolt_v from_o darius_n surnamed_n nothus_fw-la and_o elect_a king_n again_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n until_o the_o day_n of_o alexander_n the_o macedonian_a after_o who_o death_n the_o three_o time_n they_o have_v their_o own_o king_n call_v ptolemy_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n of_o lagus_n in_o who_o race_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o ptolomeus_n aulet●s_n father_n of_o cleopatra_n who_o augustus_n caesar_n utter_o defeat_v and_o annex_v the_o province_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o roman_n the_o egyptian_n become_v christian_n and_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o accrue_v to_o the_o share_n of_o the_o constantinopolitan_a emperor_n but_o in_o the_o declination_n thereof_o the_o people_n be_v weary_a of_o their_o oppression_n call_v in_o the_o saracen_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o expulsion_n of_o these_o greek_n and_o expulse_v they_o be_v by_o hamro_n general_n to_o homar_n the_o second_o mahometan_a high_a priest_n who_o only_o impose_v a_o tribute_n afford_v unto_o all_o liberty_n of_o religion_n long_o time_n his_o successor_n hold_v the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o until_o the_o reign_n of_o melec-sala_a who_o be_v often_o foil_v by_o those_o christian_n which_o after_o the_o day_n of_o godfrey_n reign_v in_o soria_n and_o jerusalem_n g●●es_n and_o hereupon_o distrust_v the_o courage_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n procure_v a_o multitude_n of_o circassian_n slave_n in_o his_o assistance_n from_o the_o tartar_n who_o first_o in_o those_o day_n begin_v to_o amaze_v the_o province_n with_o their_o multitude_n these_o he_o arm_v and_o by_o these_o he_o give_v the_o frank_n a_o direful_a overthrow_n and_o they_o again_o insult_v in_o their_o victory_n and_o mutual_a valour_n slay_v their_o patron_n melec-sala_a elect_v a_o sultan_n of_o their_o own_o tyrannize_v over_o the_o natural_a inhabitant_n and_o by_o yearly_a purchase_n of_o circassian_n child_n erect_v and_o maintain_v that_o strong_a body_n of_o war_n which_o until_o the_o day_n of_o our_o ancestor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o mamalucks_n and_o so_o continue_v dreadful_a in_o power_n and_o abound_v in_o riches_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o year_n even_o until_o the_o time_n of_o selimus_n who_o utter_o extinguish_v both_o the_o name_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o say_v souldierie_a together_o with_o their_o sultan_n empery_n and_o fortune_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n and_o be_v now_o govern_v by_o a_o bassa_n who_o as_o absolute_a sovereign_n reside_v and_o command_v in_o cairo_n under_o he_o be_v 16._o sanziack_n and_o 100000._o spahies_n by_o estimation_n riches_n the_o revenue_n amount_v to_o three_o million_o of_o shariff_n the_o grand_a signior_n have_v one_o part_v whereof_o be_v convey_v over_o land_n with_o a_o guard_n of_o 600._o soldier_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o florentine_a fleet_n as_o afore_o another_o be_v spend_v in_o pay_n and_o in_o set_v forth_o the_o carvan_n to_o mecha_n the_o three_o the_o governor_n have_v for_o support_v of_o his_o charge_n and_o estate_n and_o entertainment_n of_o dependent_n aethiopia_n inferior_a the_o low_a aethiope_n sit_v most_o southerly_a of_o any_o part_n of_o africa_n unknown_a to_o ptolemy_n and_o but_o late_o discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n it_o contain_v many_o kingdom_n whereof_o some_o be_v famous_a and_o unwritten_a of_o some_o obscure_a and_o not_o worth_a the_o record_v among_o they_o be_v adel_n a_o large_a kingdom_n adorn_v with_o two_o famous_a mart-towne_n zeila_n and_o barbora_n adea_n magadazzum_fw-la a_o kingdom_n and_o city_n zanzibar_n melina_n mombassa_n quiola_n mozambique_n cafala_n angola_n and_o loangi_n all_o kingdom_n among_o the_o island_n insula_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la madera_n the_o canary_n capo_n verde_v saint_n thomas_n magadascar_n and_o zocotarie_n be_v the_o most_o famous_a the_o four_o book_n of_o asia_n asia_n be_v the_o great_a and_o vast_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o ancient_a time_n acknowledge_v for_o the_o three_o part_n thereof_o now_o it_o be_v account_v the_o four_o or_o if_o
on_o all_o the_o land_n which_o they_o take_v from_o their_o enemy_n and_o assign_v a_o small_a parcel_n peradventure_o none_o at_o all_o to_o the_o ancient_a lord_n they_o divide_v the_o residue_n into_o timar_n to_o every_o servitor_n a_o portion_n viz._n to_o every_o one_o about_o four_o and_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o acre_n of_o our_o measure_n with_o seed_n to_o sow_v it_o upon_o condition_n to_o pay_v half_o the_o fruit_n the_o seven_o year_n and_o half_a of_o the_o twelve_o herein_o consist_v the_o chief_a preservation_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n for_o unless_o upon_o this_o consideration_n the_o care_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n be_v commit_v to_o these_o master_n and_o they_o again_o set_v it_o over_o unto_o other_o for_o their_o profit_n and_o lucre_n all_o will_v lie_v waste_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n themselves_o affirm_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o grand_a signior_n once_o tread_v with_o his_o horse-hoofe_n be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o course_n there_o never_o after_o will_v grow_v grass_n again_o with_o these_o timar_n he_o also_o maintain_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o horseman_n excellent_a well_o arm_v and_o always_o ready_a at_o their_o own_o charge_n to_o march_v whither_o their_o leader_n will_v command_v they_o so_o great_a a_o cavalry_n can_v no_o other_o prince_n maintain_v with_o the_o yearly_a expense_n of_o fourteen_o million_o of_o gold_n which_o make_v i_o to_o wonder_v that_o some_o writer_n compare_v the_o turkish_a receipt_n with_o the_o entrado_n of_o the_o christian_n persian_a never_o speak_v word_n of_o so_o huge_a a_o member_n of_o the_o turkish_a puissance_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o war_n of_o persia_n the_o turk_n conquer_v so_o much_o land_n that_o thereof_o he_o erect_v forty_o thousand_o timar_n and_o a_o new_a exchequer_n at_o tauris_n from_o whence_o he_o receive_v yearly_a a_o million_o of_o gold_n by_o these_o troop_n the_o grand_a signior_n so_o aw_v his_o subject_n that_o they_o no_o soon_o can_v stir_v but_o as_o so_o many_o falcon_n these_o timariot_n be_v present_o on_o their_o neck_n and_o this_o be_v the_o drift_n of_o this_o disperse_v they_o through_o the_o province_n so_o that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o be_v always_o ready_a at_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o march_v while_o the_o other_o stay_n at_o home_n to_o keep_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o their_o due_a obedience_n with_o his_o treasure_n his_o bassa_n intermeddle_v not_o but_o two_o general_a treasure_n or_o over-feers_a be_v chief_a dealer_n therein_o the_o one_o reside_v in_o romania_n the_o other_o in_o anatolia_n the_o cadalisquer_n have_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n who_o assist_v the_o bassa_n in_o the_o divan_n neither_o do_v any_o sit_v there_o but_o the_o twelve_o beglarbeg_n the_o prince_n child_n be_v precedent_n in_o their_o father_n absence_n and_o some_o certain_a of_o the_o cady_n to_o assist_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o difficulty_n as_o be_v use_v with_o we_o in_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n this_o court_n be_v hold_v four_o day_n in_o the_o week_n by_o the_o bassa_n justice_n wheresoever_o the_o prince_n sojourn_v if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n then_o at_o constantinople_n or_o in_o some_o other_o town_n according_a to_o occasion_n within_o his_o dominion_n if_o in_o war_n than_o it_o be_v keep_v within_o his_o pavilion_n in_o this_o council_n call_v divan_n where_o audience_n be_v open_a to_o every_o futer_n they_o consult_v of_o embassy_n and_o of_o answer_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o they_o of_o matter_n of_o state_n and_o of_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o mean_n to_o provide_v for_o decay_a or_o ruinate_a province_n of_o murder_n and_o condemnation_n the_o suppliant_a complainant_a or_o suitor_n speak_v without_o advocate_n or_o attorney_n and_o be_v force_v to_o answer_v present_o to_o the_o information_n of_o his_o adversary_n if_o he_o be_v present_a or_o to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v his_o accusation_n by_o witness_n upon_o hear_v of_o both_o party_n judgement_n definitive_a be_v give_v and_o may_v not_o be_v repeal_v when_o the_o council_n have_v sit_v seven_o or_o eight_o hour_n the_o bassa_n visier_fw-fr make_v true_a relation_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v handle_v if_o he_o lie_v it_o be_v present_a death_n for_o the_o prince_n often_o listen_v at_o a_o window_n term_v dangerous_a right_a against_o the_o divan_n be_v make_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o he_o may_v hear_v and_o see_v and_o not_o be_v perceive_v though_o he_o be_v seldom_o there_o yet_o be_v they_o always_o suspicious_a after_o he_o have_v hear_v the_o discourse_n and_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n he_o seldom_o gain-sayeth_a but_o confirm_v or_o moderate_v the_o same_o these_o thing_n thus_o order_v they_o be_v write_v and_o register_v by_o officer_n appoint_v to_o the_o management_n also_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n they_o as_o the_o christian_n have_v many_o several_a 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three_o part_n the_o plain_n the_o sierras_n mountain_n and_o the_o andes_n the_o plain_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o be_v outstretch_v in_o length_n by_o the_o space_n of_o one_o thousand_o and_o five_o hundred_o mile_n in_o breadth_n they_o be_v not_o above_o threescore_o and_o where_o they_o be_v narrow_a thirty_o these_o plain_n be_v gravelly_a full_a of_o desert_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n barren_a especial_o where_o freshet_n and_o lake_n be_v want_v be_v never_o relieve_v with_o rain_n nor_o shower_n those_o ground_n that_o lie_v nigh_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v very_o fruitful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n distil_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n which_o be_v not_o past_o seven_o or_o ten_o mile_n asunder_o the_o residue_n further_o off_o the_o husbandman_n do_v enforce_v with_o great_a industry_n by_o let_v in_o sluice_n and_o dig_v of_o channel_n to_o their_o plentiful_a harvest_n of_o cotton-wooll_n and_o corne._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o tract_n be_v a_o base_a people_n cowardly_a and_o poor_a sleep_v and_o live_v under_o tree_n and_o reed_n and_o feed_v upon_o fish_n and_o raw_a flesh_n the_o mountain_n country_n be_v extend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n about_o one_o thousand_o mile_n be_v distant_a not_o above_o twenty_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o some_o place_n less_o they_o be_v very_o cold_a and_o subject_a to_o continual_a snow_n want_v wood_n and_o encumber_v with_o lion_n wolf_n black_a bear_n goat_n and_o a_o certain_a beast_n like_o a_o camel_n of_o who_o wool_n they_o work_v they_o garment_n and_o other_o utensil_n these_o mountain_n be_v full_a of_o inhabitant_n fertile_a and_o batefull_a especial_o where_o the_o air_n be_v endurable_a and_o the_o inhabitant_n more_o witty_a courageous_a and_o civil_a than_o the_o residue_n the_o andes_n be_v likewise_o mountain_n but_o lie_v in_o one_o continual_a ridge_n without_o valley_n extend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n between_o which_o and_o the_o former_a lie_v callao_n a_o province_n full_a of_o mountain_n also_o subject_n to_o cold_a yet_o very_o populous_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o nature_n in_o general_a of_o these_o half_a know_a place_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o people_n of_o their_o force_n little_a can_v be_v speak_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o enforce_a ignorance_n in_o matter_n of_o arm_n and_o policy_n it_o be_v rich_a in_o gold_n and_o silver_n more_o than_o any_o country_n in_o all_o the_o world_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o yearly_a quantity_n thereof_o bring_v from_o thence_o yet_o say_v the_o inhabitant_n that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o remainder_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v a_o few_o grain_n out_o of_o a_o sack_n full_a of_o corne._n which_o sure_o may_v carry_v some_o presumption_n of_o truth_n consider_v what_o author_n write_v of_o atabalipa_n his_o ransom_n offer_v and_o perform_v in_o those_o day_n when_o avarice_n be_v not_o in_o half_a so_o much_o request_n as_o now_o it_o be_v it_o want_v no_o good_a thing_n that_o god_n have_v create_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n either_o for_o pleasure_n or_o necessity_n only_o in_o this_o it_o be_v dispraisable_v that_o for_o the_o great_a part_n it_o bring_v forth_o inhabitant_n of_o savage_a irreligious_a and_o inhuman_a behaviour_n delight_v in_o devour_v of_o man_n flesh_n with_o other_o unclean_a and_o undress_a viand_n summer_n and_o winter_n begin_v with_o they_o as_o with_o we_o upon_o the_o hill_n but_o in_o the_o plain_a land_n it_o be_v clean_o contrary_a for_o when_o it_o be_v summer_n in_o the_o hill_n it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o plain_n so_o that_o there_o the_o summer_n begin_v in_o october_n and_o continue_v till_o april_n which_o for_o the_o exceed_a strangeness_n i_o have_v the_o rather_o note_v to_o see_v a_o man_n upon_o one_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o country_n travel_v from_o the_o hill_n to_o be_v well_o wet_a with_o rain_n and_o before_o night_n to_o arrive_v in_o a_o pleasant_a &_o sun-shining-country_n where_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n that_o be_v all_o their_o summer_n long_o it_o seldom_o or_o never_o rain_v so_o much_o as_o to_o lay_v the_o dust_n in_o the_o high_a way_n but_o than_o it_o be_v sultry_a hot_a in_o the_o plain_n and_o when_o any_o small_a due_n fall_v then_o be_v it_o fair_a weather_n on_o the_o hill_n yea_o when_o the_o south-west_n wind_n blow_v in_o the_o plain_a country_n which_o in_o other_o place_n be_v common_o moist_a and_o cause_n of_o rain_n there_o they_o be_v of_o clean_a contrary_a effect_n castilia_n aurea_n or_o golden_a castille_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o firm_a ●an●_n so_o call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n which_o stretch_v from_o the_o city_n theonima_n and_o panama_n even_o to_o the_o bay_n of_o vrava_n and_o saint_n michael_n and_o