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book_n call_v name_n old_a 1,656 5 5.5401 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A03144 The historie of that most famous saint and souldier of Christ Iesus; St. George of Cappadocia asserted from the fictions, in the middle ages of the Church; and opposition, of the present. The institution of the most noble Order of St. George, named the Garter. A catalogue of all the knights thereof untill this present. By Pet. Heylyn. Heylyn, Peter, 1600-1662.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver. 1631 (1631) STC 13272; ESTC S104019 168,694 376

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haply_o because_o they_o descend_v of_o those_o georgi_n which_o pliny_n name_v among_o the_o caspian_a inhabitant_n let_v it_o suffice_v that_o though_o they_o take_v not_o their_o denomination_n from_o saint_n george_n yet_o they_o afford_v he_o more_o honour_n than_o any_o other_o of_o the_o saint_n 5._o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o they_o go_v into_o a_o church_n they_o give_v mean_a respect_n to_o other_o image_n but_o that_o saint_n george_n be_v so_o worship_v we_o will_v permit_v he_o to_o make_v merry_a with_o himself_o that_o his_o horse_n hoof_n be_v kiss_v of_o they_o michael_n ab_fw-la ysselt_v more_o serious_o 1577._o though_o he_o err_v somewhat_o in_o the_o derivation_n georgiani_n verò_fw-la vocantur_fw-la à_fw-la d._n georgio_n quem_fw-la velut_fw-la patronum_fw-la praecipuum_fw-la &_o in_o suis_fw-la contra_fw-la paganos_fw-la praelijs_fw-la velut_fw-la signiferum_fw-la &_o propugnatorem_fw-la ingenti_fw-la honore_fw-la venerantur_fw-la quocunque_fw-la enim_fw-la tendunt_fw-la turmatim_fw-la incedunt_fw-la vexillum_fw-la d._n georgij_fw-la insignitum_fw-la circumferentes_fw-la cvius_fw-la open_a &_o auxilio_fw-la in_fw-la bello_fw-la maximè_fw-la se_fw-la iuvari_fw-la credunt_fw-la the_o georgian_o say_v he_o be_v so_o denominate_v from_o saint_n george_n who_o as_o their_o principal_a patron_n and_o their_o champion_n in_o their_o war_n against_o the_o pagan_n they_o worship_v with_o especial_a honour_n for_o which_o way_n soever_o they_o employ_v their_o force_n they_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o fair_a banner_n with_o the_o picture_n of_o saint_n george_n upon_o it_o believe_v that_o by_o his_o assistance_n they_o be_v much_o comfort_v and_o aid_v in_o their_o war_n so_o the_o historian_n 11_o but_o howsoever_o we_o dare_v not_o say_v with_o he_o that_o this_o asian_a people_n have_v their_o appellation_n from_o saint_n george_n their_o patron_n yet_o we_o be_v confident_a of_o this_o that_o many_o place_n both_o 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o that_o author_n call_v he_o be_v tutor_n unto_o constantinus_n ducas_n who_o begin_v his_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1061._o but_o in_o the_o sift_v of_o the_o business_n it_o may_v perhaps_o appear_v that_o vossius_fw-la be_v not_o lead_v to_o this_o by_o any_o argument_n more_o than_o his_o own_o opinion_n non_fw-la negare_fw-la possum_fw-la say_v he_o ijs_fw-la temporibus_fw-la viz._n sub_fw-la mich._n 3._o vixisse_fw-la quendam_fw-la michael_n psellum_fw-la supra_fw-la nam_fw-la id_fw-la apertè_fw-la testatur_fw-la johannes_n curopalates_n sed_fw-la nego_fw-la istum_fw-la nobilem_fw-la illum_fw-la esse_fw-la philosophum_fw-la cvius_fw-la permulta_fw-la hodieque_fw-la supersunt_fw-la he_o can_v choose_v but_o grant_v that_o michael_n psellus_n flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o michael_n and_o theodora_n but_o that_o this_o be_v the_o michael_n psellus_n who_o write_n be_v still_o extant_a this_o he_o deny_v so_o then_o it_o be_v so_o far_o grant_v 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est_fw-la scripturam_fw-la aliquam_fw-la dilucidioribus_fw-la verbis_fw-la sensu_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o materia_fw-la retentis_fw-la interpretari_fw-la 4_o this_o work_n thus_o bring_v together_o become_v of_o good_a esteem_n and_o credit_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n the_o reputation_n of_o the_o writer_n and_o the_o opinion_n have_v of_o his_o good_a performance_n in_o that_o kind_n concur_v both_o together_o to_o further_o the_o admission_n of_o it_o in_o their_o church_n for_o of_o the_o man_n himself_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o lippomanus_n praefac_o that_o by_o the_o grecian_n he_o be_v honour_v as_o a_o saint_n the_o 27._o of_o november_n be_v assign_v he_o for_o his_o feast-day_n psellus_n a_o man_n of_o special_a quality_n himself_o have_v play_v the_o panegyrist_n in_o his_o commendation_n and_o therein_o add_v to_o the_o fame_n of_o metaphrastes_n adeò_fw-la bonum_fw-la est_fw-la laudari_fw-la à_fw-la laudato_fw-la viro_fw-la and_o not_o he_o only_o but_o all_o the_o father_n 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it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o have_v a_o careful_a eye_n upon_o they_o or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v they_o may_v have_v grow_v too_o potent_a to_o be_v easy_o suppress_v for_o this_o cause_n pope_n gelasius_n have_v assemble_v 72._o of_o his_o neighbour_n prelate_n unto_o rome_n do_v then_o and_o there_o with_o their_o advice_n and_o by_o their_o diligent_a assistance_n contrive_v a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o dangerous_a write_n as_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v reject_v give_v to_o those_o which_o they_o account_v true_a &_o orthodox_n the_o place_n and_o honour_v due_a unto_o they_o which_o canon_n since_o it_o be_v allege_v against_o we_o thereby_o to_o overthrow_v the_o history_n of_o our_o st._n george_n we_o will_v in_o this_o place_n bring_v into_o the_o open_a view_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v the_o business_n now_o in_o hand_n that_o so_o we_o may_v encounter_v they_o with_o their_o own_o weapon_n the_o canon_n be_v as_o follow_v 993._o gesta_fw-la s._n martyrum_fw-la qui_fw-la multiplicibus_fw-la tormentorum_fw-la cruciatibus_fw-la &_o mirabilibus_fw-la confessionum_fw-la triumphis_fw-la irradiant_a quis_fw-la ita_fw-la esse_fw-la catholicorum_n dubitet_fw-la &_o maiora_fw-la eos_fw-la in_o agonibus_fw-la esse_fw-la perpessos_fw-la nec_fw-la suis_fw-la viribus_fw-la sed_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o adiutorio_fw-la universa_fw-la tolerasse_fw-la sed_fw-la ideo_fw-la secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la antiquam_fw-la singulari_fw-la cautela_fw-la in_o sancta_fw-la rom._n ecclesia_fw-la non_fw-la leguntur_fw-la quia_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la scripsere_fw-la nomina_fw-la penitus_fw-la ignorantur_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la infidelibus_fw-la idiotis_fw-la superfluè_fw-fr vel_fw-la minus_fw-la aptè_fw-la quam_fw-la rei_fw-la ordo_fw-la fuerit_fw-la scripta_fw-la esse_fw-la putantur_fw-la sicut_fw-la cuiusdam_fw-la quiriaci_n &_o julittae_fw-la matris_fw-la eius_fw-la sicut_fw-la georgij_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la passiones_fw-la huiusmodi_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la haereticis_fw-la perhibentur_fw-la conscriptae_fw-la propter_fw-la quod_fw-la ut_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la vel_fw-la levius_fw-la subsannandi_fw-la occasio_fw-la oriretur_fw-la in_o s._n romana_fw-la ecclesiâ_fw-la non_fw-la leguntur_fw-la no●_n tamen_fw-la cum_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la omnes_fw-la martyr_n atque_fw-la eorum_fw-la glorioso_n agones_fw-la qui_fw-la deo_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la hominibus_fw-la noti_fw-la sunt_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la devotione_fw-la veneramur_fw-la so_o far_o the_o very_a word_n and_o letter_n of_o the_o canon_n 9_o by_o this_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o as_o the_o saint_n in_o general_a so_o also_o particular_o st._n george_n have_v be_v abuse_v and_o counterfeit_v in_o his_o story_n in_o the_o close_a of_o the_o same_o canon_n therefore_o it_o be_v reckon_v as_o apocryphal_a as_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o reckon_v be_v by_o our_o latter_a writer_n diverse_o relate_v raphael_n volaterran_n make_v it_o to_o be_v reject_v only_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v st._n george_n combat_n with_o the_o dragon_n which_o also_o be_v assign_v by_o antoninus_n among_o other_o cause_n but_o by_o neither_o right_o for_o in_o those_o time_n and_o many_o hundred_o year_n behind_o they_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o dragon_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o in_o the_o church_n christian._n georgio_n jacobus_n de_fw-fr voragine_fw-la more_fw-it near_o to_o the_o truth_n exit_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la martyrium_fw-la eius_fw-la certam_fw-la relationem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la because_o the_o story_n of_o his_o death_n be_v tell_v we_o in_o most_o perplex_a and_o uncertain_a manner_n in_o calendario_n n._n bedae_n etc._n etc._n for_o in_o the_o calendar_n of_o bede_n we_o find_v say_v he_o that_o he_o be_v martyr_v in_o diospolis_n a_o town_n of_o persia_n in_o other_o that_o he_o lie_v bury_v in_o diospolis_n not_o far_o from_o joppe_n in_o some_o that_o he_o do_v suffer_v under_o diocletian_n and_o maximinian_n emperor_n in_o other_o under_o diocletian_n king_n of_o the_o persian_n no_o less_o than_o 70._o tributary_n king_n be_v in_o presence_n somewhat_o i_o say_v of_o this_o be_v right_o aim_v at_o by_o this_o blind_a archer_n but_o bede_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o he_o somewhat_o too_o early_o as_o be_v a_o post-natus_a scarce_o bear_v within_o two_o century_n of_o year_n succeed_v but_o what_o need_v more_o conjecture_n or_o what_o use_n indeed_o be_v there_o of_o any_o since_o the_o same_o canon_n which_o have_v decree_v the_o history_n of_o george_n then_o extant_a to_o be_v apocryphal_a have_v also_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o heretic_n this_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v the_o history_n of_o any_o s._n suspect_v &_o apocryphal_a and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o write_v may_v easy_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o be_v relate_v in_o it_o touch_v athanasius_n and_o the_o empress_n alexandra_n not_o to_o omit_v that_o terrible_a massacre_n which_o by_o a_o cheat_a trick_n he_o make_v of_o many_o of_o the_o people_n brand_v by_o antoninus_n as_o before_o we_o note_v 10_o hitherto_o have_v we_o speak_v of_o gelasius_n canon_n and_o nothing_o all_o this_o while_n which_o may_v redound_v from_o thence_o to_o st._n george_n credit_n nothing_o indeed_o in_o that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v hitherto_o because_o we_o be_v to_o lay_v our_o ground_n before_o we_o raise_v our_o building_n but_o that_o now_o do_v and_o the_o full_a meaning_n of_o the_o canon_n due_o ponder_v it_o will_v appear_v for_o certain_a that_o though_o gelasius_n tax_v the_o story_n of_o st._n george_n as_o dangerous_a and_o apocryphal_a yet_o he_o have_v do_v the_o saint_n himself_o all_o due_a respect_n and_o confirm_v he_o to_o we_o this_o i_o do_v note_n before_o ou●_n of_o the_o word_n of_o bellarmine_n 8_o in_o a_o reply_n to_o dr._n boy_n who_o needs_o will_v have_v both_o bellarmine_n and_o pope_n gelasius_n speak_v for_o he_o in_o make_v our_o st._n george_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n or_o thing_n of_o nothing_o
the_o day_n of_o battle_n baronius_n labour_v to_o make_v good_a by_o two_o example_n the_o one_o of_o cunibert_n a_o king_n of_o lombardie_n the_o other_o of_o nicephorus_n a_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n whether_o these_o instance_n do_v prove_v sufficient_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v verify_v we_o shall_v best_o see_v by_o look_v on_o they_o though_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o there_o be_v small_a hope_n of_o find_v much_o to_o the_o purpose_n paulus_n diaconus_fw-la who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 774._o principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n to_o desiderius_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n 17._o report_v it_o of_o king_n cunibert_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n that_o in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o have_v former_o vanquish_v the_o alahis_n a_o barbarous_a people_n he_o build_v a_o monastery_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o saint_n george_n in_o campo_fw-it coronatae_n ubi_fw-la bellum_fw-la contra_fw-la alahis_n gessit_fw-la in_fw-la honorem_fw-la b._n georgij_fw-la monasterium_fw-la construxit_fw-la say_v the_o author_n where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o late_a edition_n of_o this_o author_n by_o gruterus_n we_o read_v not_o georgij_fw-la but_o gregorij_fw-la which_o also_o be_v the_o error_n of_o the_o new_a edition_n of_o platina_n as_o before_o i_o note_v but_o yet_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o annotation_n that_o the_o old_a book_n read_v it_o georgij_fw-la himself_o none_o of_o saint_n george_n friend_n it_o seem_v not_o will_v so_o to_o have_v it_o long_o which_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o memorable_a say_n of_o old_a timon_z who_o be_v ask_v by_o aratus_n how_o he_o may_v get_v the_o work_n of_o homer_n in_o the_o best_a edition_n return_v this_o answer_n that_o he_o must_v make_v enquiry_n after_o the_o most_o ancient_a copy_n and_o not_o for_o those_o which_o be_v last_o correct_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v diogenes_n làertius_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whether_o this_o passage_n of_o this_o longobardìan_a king_n may_v be_v sufficient_a proof_n for_o this_o that_o he_o do_v call_v upon_o saint_n george_n in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n be_v next_o to_o be_v examine_v for_o my_o part_n i_o believe_v it_o can_v though_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n where_o may_v unto_o one_o which_o be_v contentious_a so_o to_o have_v it_o administer_v a_o argument_n of_o possibility_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o this_o cunibert_n begin_v his_o reign_n over_o the_o lombard_n anno_fw-la 698._o and_o i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o in_o those_o early_a day_n this_o superstitious_a invocation_n of_o saint_n george_n as_o a_o chief_a advocate_n of_o victory_n be_v not_o in_o fashion_n let_v it_o suffice_v that_o though_o it_o prove_v not_o thorough_o what_o baronius_n do_v intend_v yet_o be_v proof_n sufficient_a that_o saint_n george_n be_v special_o honour_v among_o the_o lombard_n as_o a_o saint_n of_o more_o than_o common_a note_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o endeavour_v to_o make_v from_o it_o in_o the_o next_o instance_n of_o nicephorus_n surname_v phocas_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n the_o proof_n as_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v fair_a and_o pregnant_a deliver_v thus_o by_o georgius_n cedrenus_n who_o flourish_v in_o and_o about_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o and_o seventy_o in_o his_o compendium_n historiarum_fw-la nicephorus_n phocas_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n nine_o hundred_o sixty_o three_o have_v enter_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rossi_n a_o scythian_a or_o sarmatian_a people_n border_v on_o his_o empire_n with_o who_o encounter_v upon_o saint_n george_n day_n he_o give_v they_o a_o memorable_a overthrow_n 556._o and_o then_o it_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o emperor_n have_v pay_v his_o vow_n unto_o the_o most_o victorious_a martyr_n st._n george_n upon_o who_o festival_n he_o have_v discomfit_v his_o enemy_n go_v the_o next_o morning_n with_o his_o army_n unto_o dorostulum_fw-la the_o greek_a phrase_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v in_o the_o author_n be_v find_v often_o in_o demosthenes_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o those_o more_o elegant_a time_n of_o the_o greek_a language_n with_o who_o it_o signify_v sacra_fw-la facere_fw-la ob_fw-la partam_fw-la victoriam_fw-la to_o sacrifice_v unto_o those_o god_n after_o the_o victory_n who_o ●avour_n they_o implore_v before_o it_o i_o have_v here_o render_v it_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o vow_n more_o proper_a to_o the_o use_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n the_o meaning_n of_o the_o whole_a passage_n be_v this_o that_o he_o have_v vow_v some_o special_a honour_n to_o st._n george_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o he_o there_o call_v he_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v obtain_v the_o victory_n which_o afterward_o according_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o vow_n he_o do_v religious_o perform_v 6_o in_o our_o last_o sort_n of_o evidence_n which_o be_v next_o to_o follow_v we_o must_v reflect_v upon_o st._n george_n as_o a_o chief_a patron_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o christendom_n though_o even_o in_o some_o of_o these_o we_o may_v consider_v he_o as_o a_o chief_a patron_n also_o of_o the_o man_n of_o war_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o military_a order_n of_o saint_n george_n in_o austria_n first_o institute_v by_o radulphus_fw-la habspurgensis_n emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o first_o duke_n of_o austria_n of_o this_o family_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o hungary_n 1464._o styria_n and_o carinthia_n the_o author_n des_fw-fr estate_n du_fw-fr monde_n thus_o have_v it_o radolphe_n de_fw-fr habspurg_n he_o begin_v his_o empire_n anno_fw-la 1273_o pour_fw-fr defendre_fw-fr la_fw-fr hongrie_a la_o syrie_n he_o mean_v styria_n et_fw-fr la_fw-fr carinthie_n contre_fw-fr les_fw-fr arm_n de_fw-fr turcs_n institua_fw-mi l'ordre_fw-fr de_fw-fr st._n georges_n etc._n etc._n he_o also_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o give_v unto_o the_o master_n of_o it_o a_o town_n of_o carinthia_n well_o build_v and_o situate_a for_o his_o ordinary_a seat_n together_o with_o the_o toparchie_n of_o chranichberge_n trautmandorfe_n scharfeneich_n and_o st._n patoville_n for_o the_o revenue_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o order_n as_o also_o how_o he_o permit_v the_o fellow_n of_o it_o la_fw-fr croix_fw-fr rouge_fw-fr de_fw-fr st._n george_n dans_fw-fr les_fw-fr armoiry_n des_fw-fr leur_fw-fr maisons_fw-fr to_o bear_v st._n george_n cross_n in_o their_o own_o arm_n the_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o house_n in_o most_o of_o this_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o but_o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o institution_n be_v intend_v contre_fw-fr les_fw-fr arm_n de_fw-fr turcs_n against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o turk_n in_o this_o we_o must_v be_v bold_a to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o be_v deceive_v for_o in_o these_o time_n the_o turkish_a kingdom_n be_v suppress_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o tartar_n nor_o have_v they_o ever_o any_o foot_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o europe_n until_o the_o year_n 1358._o when_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o solyman_n the_o son_n of_o orcanes_n they_o surprise_v callipolis_n in_o thrace_n 7_o in_o imitation_n of_o this_o order_n frederick_n the_o three_o emperor_n of_o the_o german_n and_o duke_n of_o austria_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n georgen_n schilt_n if_o at_o the_o least_o as_o bernard_n of_o luxembourg_n conceive_v it_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o restitution_n of_o the_o former_a order_n then_o decay_v of_o which_o thus_o stumpsius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o swisser_n 21._o anno_fw-la 1448_o caesar_n fredericus_fw-la communem_fw-la fecit_fw-la in_o suevia_n pacem_fw-la omnium_fw-la ordinum_fw-la confederatione_n quae_fw-la vocabutur_fw-la st._n georgen_n schilt_n nam_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la comprehendebantur_fw-la debebant_fw-la gestare_fw-la clypeum_fw-la s._n georij_fw-la modò_fw-la ex_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la essent_fw-la the_o emperor_n frederick_n say_v he_o anno_o 1448_o establish_a a_o firm_a peace_n and_o league_n in_o schwaben_n by_o a_o confederacy_n of_o all_o the_o state_n together_o which_o order_n have_v the_o name_n of_o sanct_n georgen_n schilt_n because_o it_o be_v permit_v unto_o such_o as_o be_v comprehend_v in_o it_o to_o bear_v a_o escutcheon_n of_o saint_n george_n in_o their_o own_o arm_n so_o i_o conceive_v it_o if_o they_o be_v noble_o descend_v forty_o year_n after_o a_o new_a league_n and_o confederacy_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n under_o the_o old_a name_n but_o for_o ten_o year_n only_o at_o the_o request_n of_o maximilian_n son_n to_o the_o former_a frederick_n and_o afterward_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o most_o potent_a of_o the_o prince_n and_o imperial_a city_n be_v contain_v in_o it_o 1._o anno_fw-la 1488_o say_v martin_n crusius_n suevi_n impulsu_fw-la maximiliani_n ob_fw-la tuendam_fw-la mutuam_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o quietem_fw-la foedus_fw-la quoddam_fw-la nortbergae_fw-la ineunt_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la decennale_fw-la foedus_fw-la