¶_o the_o first_o dialogue_n in_o englisshe_n /_o with_z new_a addition_n ✚_o here_o after_o follow_v the_o first_o dyaloge_n in_o englysshe_n /_o betwyxte_v a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n /_o and_o a_o student_n in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o say_a law_n /_o &_o of_o conseyence_n /_o new_o correct_v &_o eft_o son_n enprynt_v with_o new_a addition_n ☞_o the_o introduction_n a_o doctoure_n of_o divinity_n that_o be_v of_o great_a acquaintance_n /_o &_o familiarity_n with_o a_o student_n in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n say_v thus_o unto_o he_o /_o i_o have_v have_v great_a desire_n of_o long_a time_n to_o know_v where_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v ground_v /_o but_o because_o moche_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n therefore_o i_o can_v not_o through_o my_o own_o study_n atteygne_v to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o for_o in_o that_o tongue_n i_o be_o nothing_o experte_a and_o because_o i_o have_v always_o find_v the_o a_o faithful_a friend_n to_o i_o in_o all_o my_o business_n therefore_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o come_v to_o the_o before_o any_o other_o to_o know_v thy_o mind_n what_o be_v the_o very_a ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o thou_o thynke_v ¶_o student_n that_o will_v ask_v a_o great_a leisure_n /_o &_o it_o be_v also_o above_o my_o cunning_a to_o do_v it_o nevertheless_o that_o thou_o shall_v not_o think_v that_o i_o will_v wilful_o refuse_v to_o fulfil_v thy_o desire_n i_o shall_v with_o good_a will_v do_v that_o in_o i_o be_v to_o satisfy_v thy_o mind_n /_o but_z i_o pray_v the_o that_o thou_o wylte_n first_o show_v i_o somewhat_o of_o other_o law_n that_o pertain_v most_o to_o this_o matter_n &_o that_o doctoures_fw-la treat_v of_o how_o law_n have_v begin_v and_o then_o i_o will_v glad_o show_v the_o as_o i_o tynk_v what_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n ¶_o doctoure_n i_o will_v with_o good_a will_v do_v as_o thou_o sayste_v wherefore_o thou_o shall_v understande_v that_o doctor_n treat_v of_o four_o law_n /_o the_o which_o as_o i_o seem_v pertain_v most_o to_o this_o matter_n the_o first_o be_v the_o law_n eternal_a the_o second_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o reasonable_a creature_n /_o the_o which_o as_o i_o have_v hard_o say_v be_v call_v by_o they_o that_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o reason_n the_o three_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o four_o be_v the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n eternal_a ☞_o of_o the_o law_n eternal_a the_o first_o chapitre_fw-fr doctoure_n like_v as_o there_o be_v in_o every_o artificer_n a_o reason_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o his_o craft_n /_o so_o like_o â—â—se_n it_o behove_v that_o in_o every_o governor_n there_o be_v a_o reason_n &_o afore_o sight_n in_o the_o governor_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v order_v &_o do_v by_o he_o to_o they_o that_o he_o have_v the_o governaunce_n of_o and_o for_o as_o moche_v as_o almighty_a god_n be_v the_o creator_n &_o maker_n of_o all_o creature_n /_o to_o the_o which_o he_o be_v compare_v as_o a_o workman_n to_o his_o work_n and_o be_v also_o the_o governor_n of_o all_o dede_n and_o movynge_n that_o be_v find_v in_o any_o creature_n therefore_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o wysdome_n of_o god_n in_o asmoche_n as_o creature_n be_v create_v by_o he_o have_v the_o reason_n &_o foresight_n of_o all_o craft_n &_o work_v that_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v /_o so_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o wysdome_n of_o god_n move_a all_o thing_n by_o he_o make_v to_o a_o good_a end_n /_o opteyn_v the_o name_n &_o reason_n of_o a_o law_n /_o &_o that_o be_v call_v the_o law_n eternal_a and_o this_o law_n eternal_a be_v call_v the_o first_o law_n /_o &_o it_o be_v well_o call_v the_o first_o /_o for_o it_o be_v before_o all_o other_o law_n and_o all_o other_o law_n be_v derivy_v of_o it_o /_o whereupon_o saint_n augustin_n say_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o free_a arbytrement_n that_o in_o temporal_a law_n nothing_o be_v rightwyse_o ne_o lawful_a /_o but_o that_o the_o people_n have_v derivy_v to_o they_o out_o of_o the_o law_n eternal_a wherefore_o every_o man_n have_v right_a &_o title_n to_o have_v that_o he_o have_v rightwyse_o of_o the_o rightwyse_a jugement_n of_o the_o first_o reason_n /_o which_o be_v the_o law_n eternal_a ¶_o student_n but_o how_o may_v this_o law_n eternal_a be_v know_v /_o for_z as_o the_o apostle_n write_v in_o the_o u_o chapitre_fw-fr of_o his_o first_o epistle_n to_o the_o corynthies_n quesunt_fw-la dernemo_fw-la scit_fw-la nisi_fw-la spiritus_fw-la dei_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o man_n know_v what_o be_v in_o god_n /_o but_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n /_o wherefore_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o open_v his_o mouth_n in_o to_o heaven_n that_o attempt_v to_o know_v it_o ¶_o doctoure_n this_o law_n eternal_a no_o man_n may_v know_v as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o /_o but_o only_o bless_a soul_n that_o see_v god_n face_n to_o face_n /_o but_z almyghty_a god_n of_o his_o goodness_n show_v of_o it_o as_o moche_v to_o hê_n creature_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o /_o for_z else_o god_n shall_v bind_v his_o creature_n to_o a_o thing_n inpossible_a which_o may_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v think_v in_o he_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o understande_v that_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n almighty_a god_n make_v this_o law_n eternal_a know_v to_o his_o creature_n reasonable_a first_o by_o the_o light_n of_o natural_a reason_n second_o by_o heavenly_a revelation_n thyrd_o by_o the_o order_fw-fr of_o a_o prince_n or_o of_o any_o other_o secondary_a governor_n that_o have_v power_n to_o bind_v his_o subgecte_n to_o a_o law_n and_o when_o the_o law_n eternal_a or_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v know_v to_o his_o creature_n reasonable_a by_o the_o light_n of_o natural_a understand_v /_o or_z by_o the_o light_n of_o natural_a reason_n /_o then_o it_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o when_o it_o be_v show_v by_o heavenly_a revelation_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v appear_v /_o then_o it_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o when_o it_o be_v show_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o order_fw-fr of_o a_o prince_n /_o or_z of_o any_o other_o secundarye_a governoure_n that_o have_v power_n to_o set_v a_o law_n upon_o his_o subgecte_n /_o then_o it_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o man_n though_o originallie_o it_o be_v make_v of_o god_n /_o for_o law_n make_v by_o man_n /_o that_z have_v receyve_v thereto_o power_n of_o god_n be_v make_v by_o god_n therefore_o the_o say_v three_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v /_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o &_o the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o which_o have_v several_a name_n after_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v show_v to_o man_n /_o be_z call_v in_o god_n one_o law_n eternal_a and_o this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o who_o it_o be_v write_v proverbiorum_n octavo_fw-la /_o where_o it_o be_v say_v ♣_o perme_n reges_fw-la regnant_a et_fw-la legum_fw-la conditores_fw-la iusta_fw-la descernunt_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o i_o king_n reign_v /_o &_o maker_n of_o law_n discern_v the_o troth_n and_o this_o suffice_v for_o this_o time_n of_o the_o law_n eternal_a ☞_o of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o the_o which_o by_o doctoures_fw-la /_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o reasonable_a creature_n ⸫_o the_o ii_o chapitre_fw-fr doctoure_n first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understande_v /_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v consider_v in_o two_o manner_n /_o that_o be_v to_o say_v general_o &_o special_o /_o when_o it_o be_v consider_v general_o /_o then_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o all_o creature_n /_o aswell_o reasonable_a as_o unresonable_a /_o for_o all_o unresonable_a creature_n live_v under_o a_o certain_a reule_fw-fr to_o they_o give_v by_o nature_n /_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o be_v /_o but_z of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v not_o our_o intent_n to_o treat_v at_o this_o tyme._n the_o law_n of_o nature_n special_o consider_v which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n pertain_v only_o to_o creature_n reasonable_a that_o be_v man_n /_o which_z be_v create_v to_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o this_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v aswell_o among_o jew_n &_o gentles_n /_o as_z among_o cristen_v man_n and_o this_o law_n be_v always_o good_a &_o rightwyse_o styre_v &_o enclyne_v a_o man_n to_o good_a /_o &_o abhor_a evyll_n &_o as_o to_o the_o order_v of_o the_o dede_n of_o man_n it_o be_v prefer_v
call_v secular_a man_n or_o lie_v man_n /_o nevertheless_o the_o goodê_n of_o the_o first_o may_v no_o more_o be_v call_v spirituell_fw-mi /_o they_o the_o good_n of_o the_o other_o for_o they_o be_v thing_n mere_a temporal_a &_o keep_v the_o body_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o other_o and_o by_o like_a reason_n law_n make_v for_o the_o political_a order_fw-fr of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v many_o time_n spirituell_a /_o or_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v but_o unpropre_o &_o other_o be_v call_v civil_a or_o the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o in_o this_o point_n many_o be_v ofttimes_o deceyve_v /_o &_o also_o deceyve_v other_o /_o the_z which_o juge_n though_o thing_n to_o be_v spirituell_a /_o the_o which_o all_o man_n know_v be_v thing_n material_a &_o carnal_a these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o john_n gerson_n in_o the_o place_n allege_v before_o furthermore_o beside_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n &_o the_o law_n of_o man_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o four_o reason_n the_o first_o because_o man_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o end_n of_o eternal_a felicity_n the_o which_o excede_v the_o proportion_n &_o faculty_n of_o man_n power_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o beside_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n &_o the_o law_n of_o man_n he_o shall_v be_v direct_v to_o his_o end_n by_o a_o law_n make_v of_o god_n second_o for_o asmoche_n as_o for_o the_o uncerteinte_v of_o man_n jugement_n special_o of_o thing_n ê‘ticule_a &_o seldom_o fall_v it_o hapen_v oft_o time_n to_o follow_v diverse_a jugemente_n of_o diverse_a man_n /_o &_o also_o diversity_n of_o law_n /_o &_o therefore_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o a_o man_n without_o any_o doubt_n may_v know_v what_o he_o shall_v do_v /_o and_z what_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v direct_v in_o all_o his_o dede_n by_o a_o law_n heavenly_a give_v by_o god_n /_o the_o which_o be_v so_o apparante_v that_o no_o man_n may_v swerve_v from_o it_o as_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n thyrdly_a man_n may_v only_o make_v a_o law_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o he_o may_v juge_v upon_o /_o &_o the_o jugement_n of_o man_n may_v not_o be_v of_o inward_a thing_n /_o but_o only_o of_o outward_a thing_n /_o &_o nevertheless_o it_o belong_v to_o perfection_n that_o a_o man_n be_v well_o order_v in_o both_o /_o that_o be_v to_o say_v /_o aswell_o inward_a as_o outward_a therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o the_o which_o shall_v order_fw-fr a_o man_n aswell_o of_o inward_a thing_n as_o of_o outward_a thing_n the_o four_o be_v because_o as_o saint_n augustyn_n say_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o free_a arbitrement_n /_o the_o law_n of_o man_n may_v not_o punish_v all_o offence_n for_o if_o all_o offence_n shall_v be_v punissh_v /_o the_z common_a wealth_n shall_v be_v hurt_v as_o it_o be_v of_o contract_n for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v /_o but_o that_o as_o long_o as_o contract_n be_v suffer_v many_o offence_n shall_v follow_v thereby_o /_o &_o yet_o they_o be_v suffer_v for_o the_o common_a welthe_n and_o therefore_o that_o no_o evyll_n shall_v be_v unpunyssh_v /_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o shall_v leave_v no_o evyll_n unpunissh_v ☞_o of_o the_o law_n of_o man_n ∴_o the_o four_o chapitre_fw-fr doctoure_n the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o which_o sometime_o be_v call_v the_o law_n positive_a be_v derivy_v by_o reason_n as_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_o &_o probable_o follow_v of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o &_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o that_o be_v call_v probable_a that_o appear_v to_o many_o &_o special_o to_o wise_a man_n to_o be_v true_a and_o therefore_o in_o every_o law_n positive_a well_o make_v be_v somewhat_o of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o &_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n &_o to_o discern_v the_o law_n of_o god_n &_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n from_o the_o law_n positive_a be_v very_o hard_o /_o &_o though_o it_o be_v hear_v yet_o it_o be_v moche_o necessary_a in_o every_o moral_a doctrine_n /_o &_o in_o all_o law_n make_v for_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v just_a &_o rightwyse_o /_o two_o thing_n be_v necessary_a /_o that_o be_v to_o say_v /_o wysdome_n &_o auctorite_n wysdome_n that_o he_o may_v juge_v after_o reason_n /_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v for_o the_o commonalty_n /_o and_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o a_o peasible_a conversation_n /_o &_o necessary_a sustentation_n of_o they_o authority_n that_o he_o have_v authority_n to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o law_n be_v name_v of_o ligare_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v /_o to_z bind_v but_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n do_v not_o bind_v the_o comminalte_n /_o if_o he_o have_v no_o rewle_fw-mi over_o they_o also_o to_o every_o good_a law_n be_v require_v these_o proprety_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v honest_a /_o rightwyse_o /_o possible_a in_o itself_o /_o &_o after_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n /_o conveniente_a for_o the_o place_n &_o time_n /_o necessary_a /_o profitable_a /_o &_o also_o manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o capcious_a by_o any_o dark_a sentence_n ne_o mix_v with_o any_o pryvate_a wealth_n /_o but_o all_o make_v for_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o after_o saint_n bryget_v in_o the_o four_o book_n in_o the_o c._n xxix_o chapitre_fw-fr /_o every_o good_a law_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o helthe_n of_o the_o soul_n &_o to_o the_o fulfillinge_v of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n &_o to_o induce_v the_o people_n to_o fly_v evil_a desire_n &_o to_o do_v good_a warkê_n also_o as_o the_o cardinal_n of_o camer_n write_v what_o so_o ever_o be_v rightwyse_o in_o the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v rightwyse_o in_o the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o for_o every_o man_n law_n must_v be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n of_o prince_n /_o the_o commandment_n of_o prelate_n /_o the_o statute_n of_o commynalty_n /_o ne_o yet_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o church_n be_v not_o rightwyse_o nor_o obligatorie_n /_o but_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o such_o a_o law_n of_o man_n that_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o it_o appear_v who_o have_v right_a to_o land_n &_o good_n /_o &_o who_o nat_n for_o what_o so_o ever_o a_o man_n have_v by_o such_o law_n of_o man_n he_o have_v rightwyslye_o and_o what_o so_o ever_o be_v have_v against_o such_o law_n be_v unrightwyslie_o have_v for_o law_n of_o man_n not_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o nor_o to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o soul_n /_o and_z he_o that_o despise_v they_o despise_v god_n &_o resist_v god_n and_o furthermore_o as_o gracian_a say_v because_o evyll_n man_n fear_v to_o offend_v for_o fere_n of_o pain_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o diverse_a pain_n shall_v be_v ordain_v for_o dyvers_a offence_n /_o as_o physician_n ordain_v dyvers_a remedye_n for_o several_a dissease_n and_o such_o pain_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o maker_n of_o law_n after_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o time_n /_o and_z after_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o though_o that_o law_n that_o ordeyn_v such_o pain_n have_v thereby_o a_o confermitie_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n command_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v take_v away_o evil_a from_o among_o themselves_o /_o yet_o they_o belong_v not_o so_o moche_v to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o but_o that_o other_o pain_n stand_v the_o first_o principle_n may_v be_v ordain_v and_o appoint_v /_o and_o therefore_o that_o be_v the_o law_n that_o be_v call_v most_o propre_o the_o law_n positive_a and_o the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o the_o philosopher_n say_v in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o etyke_n /_o that_o the_o intent_n of_o a_o maker_n of_o a_o law_n be_v to_o make_v the_o people_n good_a and_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o virtue_n and_o though_o i_o have_v somewhat_o in_o a_o generality_n show_v the_o whereupon_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v ground_v for_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v ground_v of_o the_o say_a law_n /_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o law_n eternal_a /_o of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o &_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nevertheless_o i_o pray_v the_o show_v i_o more_o special_o whereupon_o it_o be_v ground_v as_o thou_o thynke_v /_o as_z thou_o before_o haste_v promise_v to_o do_v ¶_o student_n i_o will_v with_o good_a will_v do_v therein_o that_o lie_v in_o i_o /_o for_z thou_o have_v show_v i_o a_o right_a plain_n &_o a_o
the_o ground_n of_o the_o say_a process_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v only_o to_o the_o maxim_n &_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o i_o have_v show_v the_o these_o maxim_n before_o reherced_a /_o not_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o show_v the_o special_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o law_n in_o they_o /_o for_z that_o will_v ask_v a_o great_a respite_n /_o but_z i_o have_v show_v they_o only_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o thou_o may_v perceyve_v that_o the_o say_v maxim_n &_o other_o like_a may_v convenient_o be_v set_v for_o one_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n /_o moreover_o there_o be_v diverse_a case_n /_o whereof_o i_o be_o in_o doute_fw-fr whether_o they_o be_v only_a maxim_n of_o the_o law_n or_o that_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o wherein_o i_o pray_v the_o let_v i_o here_o thin_a opinion_n ¶_o doctoure_n i_o pray_v the_o show_v those_o case_n that_o thou_o mean_v &_o i_o shall_v make_v the_o answer_n therein_o as_o i_o shall_v see_v cause_n ☞_o hereafter_o follow_v diverse_a case_n wherein_o the_o student_n dout_v whether_o they_o be_v only_a maxim_n of_o the_o law_n or_o that_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n the_o ix_o chapitre_fw-fr student_n the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v that_o if_o a_o man_n command_v another_o to_o do_v a_o trespass_n &_o he_o do_v it_o /_o that_z the_o commaundour_n be_v a_o trespasser_n and_o i_o be_o in_o doute_fw-fr whether_o that_o be_v only_o by_o a_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n /_o or_o that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n â§_o also_o i_o be_o in_o doute_fw-fr upon_o what_o law_n it_o be_v ground_v that_o the_o accessary_a shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_v before_o the_o principal_n &_o c_o â§_o also_o the_o law_n be_v that_o if_o a_o abbot_n bye_o a_o thing_n that_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o house_n &_o die_v that_o his_o successor_n shall_v be_v charge_n /_o &_o i_o be_o somewhat_o in_o doubt_n upon_o what_o ground_n that_o law_n depend_v â§_o also_o that_o he_o that_o have_v possession_n of_o land_n though_o it_o be_v by_o disseason_n have_v right_a against_o all_o man_n /_o but_z against_o he_o that_o have_v right_n â§_o also_o that_o if_o a_o action_n real_a be_v sue_v against_o any_o man_n that_o have_v nothing_o in_o the_o thing_n demand_v he_o write_v shall_v abate_v as_o at_o the_o common_a law_n â§_o also_o that_o the_o alienation_n of_o the_o tenant_n hang_a the_o writ_n nor_o his_o entre_fw-fr in_o to_o religion_n /_o or_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o knyghte_n /_o or_o if_o she_o be_v a_o woman_n &_o take_v a_o husband_n hang_v the_o writ_n /_o that_z the_o writ_n shall_v not_o abate_v â§_o also_o if_o land_n &_o rent_n that_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n come_v in_o to_o one_o man_n hand_n of_o like_a estate_n &_o like_a suertye_n of_o title_n /_o the_o rend_v be_v extincte_n â§_o also_o if_o land_n descend_v to_o hin_n that_o have_v right_a to_o the_o same_o land_n before_o /_o he_z shall_v be_v remit_v to_o his_o better_a title_n if_o he_o will_v â§_o also_o if_o two_o title_n be_v concurrant_fw-la together_o /_o the_o elder_a title_n shall_v be_v prefer_v â§_o also_o that_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v recompense_n for_o such_o hurt_n as_o his_o beast_n shall_v do_v in_o the_o corn_n or_o grass_n of_o his_o neighbour_n though_o he_o know_v not_o that_o they_o be_v there_o â§_o also_o if_o the_o drmaundaunt_a or_o playntyfe_n hang_a his_n write_v will_n entre_fw-fr in_o to_o the_o thing_n demand_v this_o write_v shall_v abate_v and_o it_o be_v many_o time_n very_o hard_a and_o of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o know_v what_o case_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o &_o what_o upon_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n /_o &_o though_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o discuss_v it_o yet_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v for_o the_o knowele_n of_o the_o parfyte_n reason_n of_o the_o law_n /_o &_o if_o any_o man_n think_v that_o these_o case_n before_o reherce_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o then_z he_o may_v refer_v they_o to_o the_o first_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o whereof_o be_v make_v mention_v in_o the_o u_o chepi_fw-la and_o if_o any_o man_n think_v that_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o custom_n /_o then_z he_o may_v refer_v they_o to_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n /_o which_o be_v assign_v for_o the_o three_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n /_o whereof_o mention_v be_v make_v in_o the_o viii_o chapitre_fw-fr as_o before_o appear_v ¶_o doctoure_n but_o i_o pray_v the_o show_v i_o by_o what_o authority_n be_v it_o prove_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o the_o case_n that_o thou_o haste_v put_v before_o in_o the_o viii_o chapitre_fw-fr /_o and_o such_o other_o which_o thou_o call_v maxim_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v /_o but_o aught_o to_o be_v take_v as_o maxim_n /_o for_o since_o they_o can_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o reason_n as_o thou_o agree_a thyself_o they_o can_v not_o /_o they_o may_v as_o light_o be_v deny_v as_o afferm_v unless_o there_o be_v some_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o approve_v they_o ¶_o student_n many_o of_o the_o custom_n &_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v know_v by_o the_o use_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o apparent_o that_o it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v any_o law_n write_v thereof_o /_o for_o what_o need_v it_o to_o have_v any_o law_n write_v that_o the_o elder_a soon_o shall_v inherit_v his_o father_n /_o or_z that_o all_o the_o doughter_n shall_v inherit_v together_o as_o one_o heir_n /_o if_o there_o be_v no_o soon_o /_o or_o that_o the_o husband_n shall_v have_v the_o good_n &_o chatel_n of_o his_o wife_n that_o she_o have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spouselle_n or_o after_o /_o or_z that_o a_o bastard_n shall_v not_o enheryte_v as_o heir_n /_o or_o that_o executour_n shall_v have_v the_o disposition_n of_o all_o the_o good_n of_o their_o testatoure_n &_o if_o there_o be_v no_o executour_n that_o the_o ordinary_a shall_v have_v it_o /_o &_o that_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o the_o good_n of_o his_o auncestre_n but_o any_o particular_a custom_n help_v he_o the_o other_o maxim_n &_o custom_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v not_o so_o open_o know_v among_o the_o people_n may_v be_v know_v partly_o by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n &_o partly_o by_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n call_v year_n of_o term_n /_o &_o partly_o by_o diverse_a record_n remain_v in_o the_o king_n court_n &_o in_o his_o tresorie_n and_o special_o by_o a_o book_n that_o be_v call_v the_o regestre_n /_o &_o also_o by_o diverse_a statute_n wherein_o many_o of_o the_o say_a custom_n /_o &_o maxim_n be_v oft_o resit_v /_o as_z to_o a_o diligent_a searcher_n will_v evident_o appear_v ☞_o of_o the_o u_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o ten_o chapitre_fw-fr student_n the_o u_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n stand_v in_o diverse_a particular_a custom_n use_v in_o diverse_a countries_n town_n /_o city_n /_o &_o lordshyppe_n in_o this_o realm_n /_o the_o which_o ê‘ticule_a custom_n because_o they_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o nor_o the_o law_n of_o god_n /_o though_o they_o be_v against_o the_o say_a general_a custom_n or_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o nevertheless_o they_o stand_v in_o effect_n and_o be_v take_v for_o law_n /_o but_o if_o it_o rise_v in_o question_n in_o the_o king_n court_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o ê‘ticule_a custom_n or_o nat_n it_o shall_v be_v try_v by_o xii_o man_n /_o &_o not_o by_o the_o juges_fw-la /_o except_o the_o same_o particular_a custom_n be_v of_o record_n in_o the_o same_o court_n of_o which_o particular_a custom_n /_o i_o have_v hereafter_o note_v some_o for_o a_o example_n â§_o first_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o kent_n that_o be_v call_v bavelkind_a /_o that_o all_o the_o brother_n shall_v inherit_v together_o as_o sister_n at_o the_o common_a law_n â§_o also_o there_o be_v another_o particular_a custom_n /_o that_o be_v call_v burghenglisshe_v where_o the_o young_a soon_o shall_v enheryte_v before_o the_o elder_a &_o that_o custom_n be_v in_o notynghame_n â§_o also_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n that_o free_a man_n there_o /_o may_z by_o their_o testament_n inrouled_a byqu_v their_o land_n that_o they_o be_v seize_v of_o to_o who_o they_o will_v /_o except_z to_o mortmayn_v and_o if_o they_o be_v cytizien_n
therein_o ¶_o what_o be_v a_o nude_v contracte_v or_o naked_a promise_n after_o the_o law_n of_o england_n /_o and_o whether_o any_o action_n may_v lie_v thereupon_o the_o xxiiii_o chapitre_fw-fr ¶_o student_n first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understande_v that_o contract_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o by_o the_o law_n that_o be_v call_v ius_n gentium_fw-la and_o not_o dyrecte_o by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n /_o for_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o common_a it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v contract_v /_o but_z after_o ê“perty_n be_v bring_v in_o they_o be_v right_a expediente_a to_o all_o people_n /_o so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v of_o his_o neighbour_n that_o he_o have_v not_o of_o his_o own_o /_o and_o that_o can_v not_o be_v lawful_o but_o by_o his_o gift_n /_o by_o way_n of_o lend_n /_o concord_n /_o or_z by_o some_o lease_n /_o bargain_n /_o or_o sale_n /_o and_o such_o bargain_n and_o sale_n be_v call_v contract_n /_o and_o be_v make_v by_o assent_n of_o the_o party_n upon_o agreement_n bytwene_v they_o of_o good_n or_o land_n for_o money_n or_o for_o for_o other_o recompense_n /_o but_z of_o money_n usuell_a /_o for_o money_z usuell_n be_v not_o contracte_v also_o a_o concord_n be_v proper_o upon_o a_o agreement_n bytwene_v the_o party_n with_o diverse_a artycle_n therein_o /_o some_o rise_v on_o the_o one_o ê‘t_n and_o some_o on_o the_o other_o /_o as_z if_o johan_n at_o style_n let_v a_o chambre_n to_o henry_n herte_n and_o it_o be_v ferth_o agree_v bytwene_v they_o that_o the_o say_v henry_n herte_n shall_v go_v to_o board_n with_o the_o say_v johan_n at_o style_n /_o and_o the_o say_v henry_n herte_v to_o pay_v for_o the_o chambre_n and_o bord_v a_o certain_a sum_n &_o c_o this_o be_v ê“per_o call_v a_o concord_n /_o but_o it_o be_v also_o a_o contracte_v and_o a_o good_a action_n lie_v upon_o it_o /_o how_o beit_v it_o be_v not_o moche_v argue_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n what_o diversity_n be_v bytwene_v a_o contracte_v /_o a_o concord_n /_o a_z ê“myse_a /_o a_o gift_n /_o a_o love_n /_o or_o a_o pledge_n /_o a_o bargain_n /_o a_o covenaunt_v /_o or_o such_o other_o /_o for_z the_o intent_n /_o of_o the_o law_n be_v to_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o matter_n argue_v and_o not_o the_o term_n /_o and_z he_o nude_v contracte_v be_v where_o a_o man_n makethe_v a_o bargain_n or_o a_o sale_n of_o his_o good_n or_o land_n wtout_fw-fr any_o recompense_n appoint_v for_o it_o as_o if_o i_o say_v to_o a_o neither_o i_o sell_v the_o all_o my_o land_n or_o all_o my_o good_n and_o nothing_o be_v assign_v that_o the_o other_o shall_v gyve_v or_o pay_v for_o it_o /_o that_z be_v a_o nude_v contracte_v /_o and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o it_o be_v void_a in_o the_o law_n and_o conscience_n /_o and_z he_o nude_v or_o naked_a promise_n be_v where_o a_o man_n promyse_v a_o other_o to_o gyve_v he_o certain_a money_n such_o a_o day_n or_o to_o build_v he_o a_o house_n /_o or_z to_o do_v he_o such_o certain_a seruyce_n /_o and_o nothing_o be_v assign_v for_o the_o money_n /_o for_z the_o build_n /_o nor_o for_o the_o seruyce_n /_o these_o be_v call_v naked_a promise_n /_o because_o there_o be_v nothing_o assign_v why_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v /_o and_z i_o think_v no_o action_n lyethe_v in_o those_o case_n though_o they_o be_v not_o perform_v also_o if_o i_o promise_v to_o a_o neither_o to_o keep_v he_o such_o certain_a good_n save_o to_o such_o a_o time_n /_o and_o after_o i_o refuse_v to_o take_v they_o there_o lie_v no_o action_n against_o i_o for_o it_o /_o but_z if_o i_o take_v they_o and_o after_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o empeyr_v through_o my_o negligent_a keep_a /_o there_o a_o action_n lie_v ¶_o doctor_n but_o what_o opinion_n hold_v they_o that_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o such_o promise_n that_o be_v call_v naked_a or_o nude_v promise_n /_o whether_o do_v they_o hold_v that_o they_o that_o make_v the_o ê“myse_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o perform_v their_o promise_n though_o they_o can_v not_o be_v compel_v thereto_o by_o the_o law_n or_o nat_n ¶_o student_n the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n treat_v lytell_a thereof_o /_o for_o it_o be_v lief_a to_o the_o determination_n of_o doctoures_fw-la /_o and_o therefore_o i_o pray_v the_o show_v i_o somewhat_o now_o of_o thy_o mind_n therein_o /_o and_o than_o i_o shall_v show_v the_o therein_o somewhat_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o diverse_a that_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n ¶_o doctoure_n to_o declare_v that_o matter_n plain_o after_o the_o sa_n of_o doctoures_fw-la it_o will_v ask_v a_o long_a time_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v touch_v it_o brief_o to_o gyve_v the_o occasion_n to_o desire_v to_o here_o more_o therein_o here_o after_o first_o thou_o shall_v understande_v that_o there_o be_v a_o promise_n that_o be_v call_v a_o advowe_v /_o &_o that_o be_v a_o promise_n make_v to_o god_n /_o and_z he_o that_o do_v make_v such_o a_o vow_n upon_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n intend_n to_o perform_v it_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o do_v it_o /_o though_o it_o be_v only_o make_v in_o the_o herte_n without_o pronounce_v of_o word_n /_o and_z of_o other_o promise_n make_v to_o man_n upon_o a_o certain_a consideration_n /_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n as_o if_o a._n promise_v to_o gyve_v b._n xx_o pound_n /_o because_o he_o have_v make_v he_o such_o a_o house_n or_o have_v lent_fw-la he_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o such_o other_o like_o /_o i_o think_v he_o bind_v to_o keep_v his_o promise_n but_o if_o his_o promise_n be_v so_o naked_a that_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o consideration_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v /_o than_z i_o think_v he_o not_o bind_v to_o perform_v it_o /_o for_z it_o be_v to_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v some_o error_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o promise_n /_o but_o if_o such_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o a_o university_n /_o to_o a_o city_n /_o to_o the_o church_n /_o to_o the_o clergy_n /_o or_z to_o poor_a man_n of_o such_o a_o place_n /_o and_z to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n or_o such_o other_o cause_n like_o /_o as_z for_o mayntenaunce_n of_o learn_v /_o of_o the_o common_a welthe_n /_o of_o the_o seruyce_n of_o god_n /_o or_z in_o relyefe_n of_o poverty_n or_o such_o other_o /_o than_z i_o think_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o perform_v it_o though_o there_o be_v no_o consideration_n of_o worldly_a profit_n that_o the_o grauntour_n have_v have_v or_o intend_v to_o have_v for_o it_o /_o and_z in_o all_o such_o promise_n it_o must_v be_v understande_v that_o he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n intend_v to_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o ê“myse_n /_o for_o else_o common_o after_o all_o doctoures_fw-la he_o be_v not_o bind_v /_o oneles_a he_o be_v bind_v to_o it_o before_o his_o promise_n as_o if_o a_o man_n promise_v to_o gyve_v his_o father_n a_o gown_n that_o have_v need_n of_o it_o to_o keep_v he_o fro_o cold_n /_o and_o yet_o think_v not_o to_o gyve_v it_o he_o /_o nevertheless_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o gyve_v it_o for_o he_o be_v bind_v thereto_o before_o also_o after_o some_o doctor_n a_o man_n may_v be_v excuse_v of_o such_o a_o promise_n in_o conscience_n by_o a_o casualite_n that_o come_v after_o the_o promise_n if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v know_v of_o that_o casualite_n at_o the_o make_v of_o the_o ê“myse_n he_o will_v not_o have_v make_v it_o and_o also_o such_o promise_n if_o they_o shall_v bind_v they_o must_v be_v honest_a /_o lawful_a /_o and_z possible_a /_o and_o else_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o conscience_n though_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v good_a and_o with_o a_o cause_n though_o no_o worldly_a profit_n shall_v grow_v thereby_o to_o hin_n that_o make_v the_o promise_n but_o only_o a_o spiritual_a profit_n as_o in_o the_o case_n before_o rehearse_v of_o a_o ê“myse_n make_v to_o a_o university_n /_o to_o a_o city_n /_o to_o the_o church_n /_o or_o such_o other_o and_o with_o a_o cause_n /_o as_z to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n other_o /_o there_z it_o be_v most_o common_o hold_v that_o a_o action_n upon_o those_o promise_n lie_v in_o the_o law_n canon_n ¶_o stu._n whether_o do_v thou_o mean_v in_o such_o promise_n make_v to_o a_o universite_a /_o to_o a_o city_n /_o or_z to_o such_o other_o as_o thou_o haste_v reherce_v before_o /_o &_o with_o a_o cause_n /_o as_z to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n or_o such_o other_o that_o the_o