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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91415	The Jewes synagogue: or, A treatise concerning the ancient orders and manner of worship used by the Jewes in their synagogue-assemblies. Gathered out of the sacred scriptures, the Jewish Rabines, and such modern authors, which have been most conversant in the study of Jewish customes. Wherein, by comparing the scriptures in the Old and New Testament together, many truths are fully opened, and sundry controversies about church-government truly and plainly stated. By William Pinchion of Springfeild [sic] in N. England.	Pynchon, William, 1590-1662.	1652 (1652)	Wing P4309; Thomason E802_4; ESTC R207368	80,705	99

a Porch like the Porch thereof or a Court-yard like the Court-yard thereof or a Table like the Table thereof or a Candlestick like the Candlestick thereof c. Vid. Ainsw in Levit. 19. 30. Neither had the synagogues any thing to do with sacrifice neither might they any more imitate Aarons attire then they might sacrifice there and yet the Father of Rome doth counterfet all He will have a Candlestick Cope Linen-Garments Precious-Stones Miter Girdle c. He will have Sacrifice Priest and Altar and Iubilees c. and yet it was death for any in Israel to meddle with Levies proper duty and now seing his Office is quite extinguished it is a most high contempt of God to revive it by imitation from mans brain and therefore such Reformed Churches as retain any of these Popish Jewish Rites ought speedily to repent and reforme or else God will surely purge them by sharp tryals to provoke them to repentance and reformation Scholar What Officers had the Iews in their Synagogue Teacher They had Zeliach Zibbur as their chief Officer for teaching and they had Archysynagogus as their chief Elders for ruling and doubtles they had more Elders then one in the most What Officers the Iews had in their Synagogues of their synagogues For the synagogue at Thessalonica had two ruling Elders which were both converted by Paul's ministry and it seems that every Synagogue used to have more ruling Elders then one vid. Mark 5. 22. For they were Judges in causes criminal and in all Aristocratical Governments one man is no man as the Greek Proverb is S. Why did they call the Teacher of the Synagogue Zeliach Zibbur Teacher To denote the quality and dignity of his Office for Zeliach Zibbur doth signifie the Angel of the Congregation or the Angel of the Church as the Thalmud speaketh and our Why they called the Pastor of their syuagogue Zeliach Zibbur Lord in imitation of the Hebrew Doctors bade John write to the Seven Angels of the seven Churches of Asia And the Scripture doth often call eminent Persons Angels as for example The Prophets are somtimes called Angels Iudg. 2. 1. 2 Chr. 36. 15. 16. Hag. 1. 13. sometimes Priests and Levites are called Angels to dignifie their Office which was in a special manner to teach and expound the Law Deut. 30. 13. Mal. 3. 7. And the Hebrew Doctors stiled the King Zeliach Zibbur when he did read the book of the Law before the people in the seventh yeer the yeer of release and they gave him this Title to dignifie his person and to dignifie that religious action Vid. Ainsw in Deut. 31. 11. and M. Broughton in Apoc. 265. From these considerations it is evident That the Hebrew Doctors gave this Title to the Pastor of the synagogue the better to describe the excellencie of his Office and to teach him and the people what excellent qualities such Officers ought to have For by this Title the people were directed how to make choise of a fit Teacher for their synagogue namely they were hereby directed to make choise of one that was learned wise and godly that so he might answer to the dignity of his Title Secondly By this Title every Pastor was warned to behave himself sutably both in their inward frame of soul and in their outward deportment and behaviour and doubtles at the first the people made choise of such as were grave in their outward attyre and deportment and therefore when Moses was so much favoured of Christ as to shew him his glory Exod. 33. Then Christ appeared unto him in the graceful form or habit of Zeliach Zibbur Mamony saith that Sheshinah for so they called the Angel the Redeemer appeared unto Moses like to Zeliach Zibbur clad with a robe and in another place Maymony saith thus that Moses saw him on the Red-Sea like a mighty Warriour but on Sinai clad like Zeliach-Zibbur that is to say in a graceful habit like the Angel of the Church ready to teach him the mysteries of the Law Vid. Ainsw in Exod. 33. 23. Scholar In what Language did Zeliach Zibbur read and expound the Scriptures to the people in their Synagogues in Heathen Countries Teacher As long as the Hebrew Tongue was the common language of the Jews they did all in the Hebrew Tongue but when the Jews had lost the common use of it not long after their In heathen countries when the Hebrew Tongue ceased from common use then Zeliaeh Zibbur did read his Text in the Hebrew Tongue but afterwards he did expound it in the common Dialect of that Nation where they lived captivity in Babylon then they used to read the Text onely in the Hebrew Tongue and made their expositions in the language that was most used in every Heathen Countrey and so the Jews are said so to do in Maymony The reading of the Text and the Blessing both before and after they used to do that in the Holy Tongue as I noted above out of Maymony when the King did read the Law in the yeer of Freedom the Sabbath yeer But they made their expositions alwaies in their common Dialect of the Countrey where they lived And the Apostle Paul doth approve of this practise in 1 Cor. 14. vid. Mr Broughton in Apoc. 76. and it is further evident that this was their practise by the example of Ezra after the captivity He did read the Text in the Hebrew Tongue Nehem. 8. and assoon as he had finished the reading then Iesua and Bani and others did explicate the meaning unto the people in the Chalde or Syriack Tongue which was then the common language of the returned Jews vid. Brerewoods Enquiries p. 62. 64. By these Testimonies it is evident That the Jews synagogue Discipline and Pauls in the Corinths is all one 1 Cor. 14. 6. 13. 27. And in my apprehension it would be an ornament to learning now that every learned Teacher should first read his Text in the Original Tongues and then proceed to make their Expositions in that language that is most common in every Nation Scholar When they wanted a Pastor for any Synagogue whether were the People bound to chuse one out of the Tribe of Levi or No Teacher Levi had no particular stroke in any synagogue of the other Tribe but their custom was to go up from their forty eight Towns to Ierusalem as their courses came therefore they were not so fit as other Godly and learned men were to be The Pastors of their Synagogues in Canaan were not Levits but they were chosen out of any Tribe chosen for Pastors in the other Tribes but they had sundry synagogues in their own Towns and there all the Officers of the synagogue were Levites But as for the synagogues of other Tribes they had not a Levit to their Officer but all their Doctors were of Israel vid. Mr Broughton in Apoc. 77. and in Lords Prayer p. 13. and Tharg Ierusalemi saith of the Simeonites that they

Doctors of Ezraes Age gave another rule for the preservation of the Hebrew text They reckon how often every letter cometh in the Hebrew text how often words of short or full writing were diversly written and where and what strange text would seem corruptions to the unstayed and how often eth and vau little particles do come together in sort easie to deceive a Coppyer without a Table of Direction Such points are a Brazen wall to keep the Scriptures certainty vid. Mr. Bro. in Epist to the Nobil p. 7. From this provident care of God over the Hebrew text I conclude that neither book nor letter of the Hebrew text which was written by Gods Prophets for the use of all ages is lost onely those books are lost which some Prophets wrote in the nature of humane Chronicles for the present use of that Age and Nation and in that respect they took no more care to preserve them then they did of their humane Chronicles because they did nothing at all concerne other Nations in after Ages But every book and letter which the Prophets wrote as Divine Scripture for the use of all Nations and Ages Jesus Christ hath preserved by the diligence of the Massorites And their Tables of Direction are extant and kept safe with great care until this day one of those Tables is kept Naharden upon Euphrates and another is kept at Ierusalem Again the Hebrew Doctors from and after Ezra took special The Hebrew Doctors took care for the preservation of the truth of doctrine as well as for the preservation of the Hebrew Text. care to preserve the truth of Doctrine unto Posterity and for this end they made the ten Commandments to be the foundation of every point of Doctrine And our Saviour Christ saith that the whole Law and the Prophets doth hang upon the two Tables Matth. 22. 40. Therefore the ten Commandments must needs contain in them all matters concerning faith and manners and therefore the ancient Hebrew Doctors might well make the ten Commandments the foundation of every point of Doctrine And for the honour of the two Tables they did number up all the letters of the two Tables and found them to be six hundred and thirteen then they drew up all the Laws of Moses unto six hundred and thirteen They might have made them mo or fewer but by Gods spirit in honour of the two Tables they bring them just to the number of six hundred and thirteen they make two hundred forty and eight bidding Commandments telling us what we should believe or do and 365. forbidding evil vid. M. Brought in Apoc. 175. But after the Hebrew Doctors under this silver age of the Persian Monarchy were decayed then the Jews began to be more loose in Religion under the iron Dominion of the Seleucidae and Lagidae The cruel wars of those daies bred such profanes among the generality of the Jews especially under the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes that many Jews became Atheistical Sadduces yet then in these evil daies God by his providence raised up some Schools of Learning wherein were some godly Doctors that took care to preserve the truth of Doctrine in opposition to those Atheistical Sadduces And this they did by enacting divers terms of Religion They called all the Books of the Old Testament The Law Because the Sadduces did now reject all the Books of the Old Testament except the five Books of Moses Law They also enacted divers termes wherein they professed the immortality of the soul in opposition to the said Sadduces as I have formerly noted it before at large After those daies they had still some care of godly learning for in the daies of our Saviour they did maintain Schools of Learning and our Lord was present among the Doctors hearing them and posing them with Questions Luke 2. 46. And in Jerusalem there were certain of the Synagogue called Lubartines which rose in opposition to Stephens Doctrine Acts 6. 9. These Lubartines must not be taken for Libertines as some unadvisedly do call them because of their opposition to Stephen but that is a great mistake I say they were called Lubartines because they belonged to some Lubar or Colledge Lubar saith M. Weemt signifies a high place● and on such high pieces of ground they used to build their Schools Again in another of these Schools Paul was brought up at the seet of Gamaliel and there he was taught according to the perfect manner of the Law of the Fathers Acts 22. Again many such Schools were erected am●ng the dispersed Jews while they lived in Heathen Countries one of these Schools was governed by one Tyrannus and there the Disciples disputed daily Acts 19. And thus Iesus Christ by the means of these Schools hath in all ages nursed up many godly and able scholars fit to teach the Law in synagogues and fit to bear Office as Elders in the Sanhedrin Courts And these Schools of Learning were so highly set by among the Jews in ancient time neoterici nostrates effuciunt that they accounted it a great shame for any man of wealth or leisure if they did not frequent those Schools at the least three times a week except hand-labourers Maymony in Thal. Thora saith That all the Jews but hand-labourers did bring up their children from seven yeers old to fourteen in learning the plain tongue yea they studied the Tongue all their daies weekly for some few hours not minding gains thereby but delight to know God And our Saviour at twelvs yeers of Age delighted to sit in the midst of the Doctors hearing them posing them and asking them Questions and all that heard him were astonied at his understanding and answers Luke 2. 46 47. This place where Christ sate amongst the Doctors was such a Colledge or house of Doctrine as that was where Huldah the Prophetess lived 1 Kings 22. 14. Yea the Jews set a higher esteem upon their Schools of Learning then they did upon their Synagogues vid. Ainsw in Levit. 26. 31. and such priviledges did belong to Schools of learning as rewards of learning that if a Scholar at unawares committed man-slaughter and thereupon was exiled to a Citie of Refuge his master must go with him as it is written and live For the life of them that love and seek after Wisdom is counted as death without the Doctrine of the Law In like sort if the master were exiled his School goeth with him vid. Ains in Deut. 19. 4. This great priviledge Iesus Christ gave to Schools and Scholars as a reward of learning Scholar What rules of direction can you give for the well ordering of Schools of learning in these daies that so the Scholars thereof may speedily attain to the knowledge of the Greek and Hebrew Tongues and to the right understanding of the holy Scriptures Teacher No question but a better way of discipline may be found out then yet is practised as M. Broughton hath often warned and hath propounded sundry directions that way but it would be a two-handed labour for me to bring all particulars into a compendious method The Lord in mercy stir up others to take this work in hand for the advancement of Learning and Godlines Amen FINIS

phrase every one must not be taken vulgarly for every one of the common multitude of the Church The Apostle himself doth contradict that Exposition for he doth teach us to oppose the learned to the unlearned in ver 23. 24. therefore he doth exempt the unlearned as not fit to be accounted into the number of every one that hath a Psalm c. therefore these two phrases all and every one means all and every one of those only whom God had gifted with extraordinary gifts for the plantation of his Church these only the Apostle calls the whole Church by the figure Synecdoche because they were the chiefe guides and directions of the multitude 19. The word Church is of a large capacity it signifies an Assembly of any kind of men and therefore it may as well be applyed to an assembly of Magistrates in a Court of Justice as to any other Assembly First The whole Army of Sauls souldiers that lay incamped in the field against the Philistims are called Kahal a Church and in the Septuagint Ecclesia 1 Sam. 17. 47. Secondly Nebuchadnezzars Army against Israel is called Kahal a Church and in the seventy Ecclesia Ezek. 16. 40. Thirdly Nebuchadnezzars several companies of souldiers collected into several bands out of several Nations are called Churches in the plural number Ezek. 26. 7. and in the seventy Synagogues Fourthly The Persian Army is also called a Church Ier. 50. 9. and in the septuagint a Synagogue Fifthly Pharaohs army is also called Kahal a Church Ezek. 17. 17. Sixthly The Army of Gog is four times over called Kahal a Church and in the seventy a Synagogue Ezek 38. 4. 7. 13. 15. Seventhly all the multitude of Israel that came out of Aegypt are called Kahal a Church before ever they entred into that Church Covenant which God made with them in Horeb. Exod. 16. 3. Therefore it is no absurdity to call a Court of Elders a Church 20. A confused multitude of people may be called a Church therefore much more an orderly Assembly of Elders in a Court of Justice In Acts 19. 32. It is said that the Church was confused that rose up against Paul and Alexander and in verse 41. The Town-Clark dismissed the Church that is to say the disorderly multitude and Syracides puts the word Church for a disorderly multitude of evil doers Ecclus 26. 5. 21. A company of wicked and corrupt Elders may be called a Church as in Psal 26. 5. I hated the Church of evil doers that is to say the Church or Synedrion of Sauls flattering Counsellors And Iacob also in his last will speaking of the bloudy action of Simeon and Levi saith O my soul come not thou into their secret and unto their Church mine honour be not thou united Gen. 49. 6. Hence it follows that the conclave of Cardinals in Rome may be truly and properly called a Church and the general Councels of Cardinals Bishops and other Popish Doctors may truly and properly be called a Church though also they ought to be called a malignant Church or a Synagogue of Satan Therefore I wonder why any man of learning and wisdom should account it such a strange matter to interpret the word Church in Matth. 18. 17. to mean the Elders of the Synedrion-Court especially considering they were the Churches chosen Elders appointed to sit in Moses Chair to expound Moses laws and to punish all the Transgressors thereof with sutable punishments and though they were grown now more degenerate then in former times yet they had some godly Elders among them as Gamaliel and Nichodemus and Ioseph of Arimathea with many others doubtles here and there dispersed among their several Sanhedrins I will conclude these one and twenty Collections with this Summe First Their opinion that Tell the Church requireth a new Court would breed new speech in the New Testament But our Lord spake it as is evident of the Church of Elders of the Politie known and practised of old in Israel Bro. in Manuscript Secondly In the Iews Reipublike the same Ecclesia that judged Dammages or Death judged of excommunication and still the chief Rulers being of Faith should have their stroke They will and should study to excel in Divinity to be true Bishops and Elders to eat up the book of the Gospel and to see all miscarriages sagely restrained The Apostle did excommunicate the Corinthian as an Elder or Bishop Bro. in Manus and Apoc. 155. Thirdly The Reformed Churches as Zurick take the wisest order that destroy all the Popes marks The Consul is present at all Scholars dealings and most straitly look to Scholars carriage twice in the Yeer and all punishments are referred to the Consul and Synedrion such was the Apostles Doctrine and Synagogues of old Bro. Apoc. 230. and on the Lords Prayer pag. 10. 11. alibi Scholar Truly I must needs confess that I cannot justly except against your exposition of the word Church in Matth. 18. 17. and yet I desire a little further satisfaction Whether it be lawful to call all the visible professors of the Faith dispersed over the world A Church of Christ or no Teacher I have already shewed you that the word Church is of such a large capacity that it may well comprehend them all and therefore I do fully accord with those Divines that describe the Church of Christ to be outwardly visible farre and wide over the face of the earth Scholar Very learned men do think that there can be no such universal visible Church of Christ 1. Because all those visible Professors cannot meet together in any one place to perform that publick worship which Christ hath ordained And secondly they cannot have any general Officers over them because they cannot meet together to chuse them Teacher I do desire that no man will be offended suddenly at the term Church attributed to all visible Professors of the Faith For though they cannot now personally meet together in any one place as perhaps they did in the dayes of Adam and Noah yet they do dayly meet together in the unitie of the Faith and they do all make the same publick Profession of salvation by All the outward Professors of the Faith through the world do make an universal visible Church of Christ Christ alone But for the better performance of the same publick Faith and Worship they are fitly divided and distributed into particular visible Churches And my reasons for calling all visible Professors an universal visible Church of Christ are these 1. What other Temple of God can that be wherein Antichrist doth sit as God but the universal visible Church of Christ dispersed over the world Antichrist cannot be said to sit as a God in any one particular Congregational Church but he sits in the Temple of God even as Christ sat formerly in the Temple between the Cherubims whither the twelve Tribes resorted three times a year And these twelve Tribes are called a Church of Nations Genesis 28. 3. Because they